WO2024123198A1 - A training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures - Google Patents
A training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024123198A1 WO2024123198A1 PCT/PL2023/050102 PL2023050102W WO2024123198A1 WO 2024123198 A1 WO2024123198 A1 WO 2024123198A1 PL 2023050102 W PL2023050102 W PL 2023050102W WO 2024123198 A1 WO2024123198 A1 WO 2024123198A1
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- mannequin
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- inner layers
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- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002680 cardiopulmonary resuscitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 136
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003109 clavicle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002627 tracheal intubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/288—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for artificial respiration or heart massage
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures, used in medicine to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation, allowing teaching artificial ventilation and chest compressions, and improving skills in these activities through their repetition.
- mannequins A special, separate category of mannequins are resuscitation and intubation mannequins. These are solutions with an appropriately imitated respiratory system, which allows for effective active ventilation and chest compression exercises. They can also be bodies for practising rescue operations or head models for teaching intubation and insertion of endotracheal tubes.
- Training mannequins can be equipped with indicators to control the correctness of the exercises performed.
- Rescue mannequins are increasingly available on the market and have an application for controlling the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed, compatible with a smartphone.
- a training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures according to the invention through a simple construction using appropriately selected materials based on natural ingredients, is a solution with a low production cost, easy to transport, recyclable, durable and at the same time meeting all the set functions for a training mannequin for teaching of resuscitation activities.
- the layered nature of the solution allows for forming simple and effective structure of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system, and the movable head layer, together with the appropriately moved mouth inlet, allows for the correct performance of rescue breaths, which optimizes the usability of the solution.
- a training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures containing a simulated trunk with a head equipped with a mouth inlet and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation system, contains a multi-layered trunk of the mannequin with outer layers defined as the upper surface and the lower surface, made of a flat blank containing opposite perforated surfaces and, at the shorter ends, socket-and-groove connection elements, and the interior of the trunk forms a space for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system, which consists of opposite assemblies of inner layers, an upper assembly and a lower assembly, a shockabsorbing layer with a spring element and a balder simulating the lungs, placed in a cut out of the additional outer layer of the mannequin trunk and guided in the distal mouth inlet and the first mouth inlet outwards beyond the first mouth inlet; each of the layers of a given assembly, apart from the shock-absorbing layer, is non-detachably joined to the other, and each of the layers of the training mannequin,
- each of the sets of inner layers made of cardboard is formed by at least two layers non-detachably joined by adhesive layers, the upper layer of the set of upper inner layers being non-detachably joined by an adhesive layer to the inner surface of the upper surface of the trunk.
- the set of lower inner layers is provided with an outer cardboard frame in which the shock-absorbing layer is located detachably.
- the spring element is a set of three springs located non-detachably by means of adhesive layers in the upper stabilization sleeves, located in the cut-outs in the set of the upper inner layers, and located oppositely in the lower stabilization sleeves, in the cut-outs in the set of the lower inner layers.
- the shock-absorbing layer is one-piece and surrounds the spring element.
- the shock-absorbing layer is made of coconut fibres.
- the mannequin head blank is made of layers constituting a movable set of layers connected by a connecting element made of pressboard, placed on the length of the top of the blank of the head, conventionally, the immovable set of layers made of cardboard is non-detachably joined to each other with adhesive layers, while the movable set of head layers is tiltable, made of a pressboard layer and a cardboard layer non-detachably joined by an adhesive layer, with the movable set of layers being movable via a connecting element.
- a bladder simulating the lungs made of recyclable plastic contains an air chamber, a supply conduit with an additional outlet hole, the supply conduit being equipped with a collar and ending with an upper part having an air inlet opening.
- a training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures according to the invention is shown in the drawing and in an embodiment, wherein fig. 1 shows the training mannequin in a front view; fig. 2 shows the training mannequin in a view from the side of the head blank, showing the connecting element; fig. 3 shows a side view of the training mannequin, showing the perforated surface of the trunk; fig.
- FIG. 4 shows the training mannequin in a view from the side of head showing the layers of the head blank, including the pivoting layer of the head and the distal and first mouth opening;
- fig. 5 shows the training mannequin from below, showing the layers of the circulatory and respiratory system;
- fig. 6 shows the training mannequin from the back, showing the additional layer and indicating the opening for the bladder simulating the lungs;
- fig. 7 shows a blank of the mannequin trunk;
- fig. 8 shows a blank of the mannequin's head;
- fig. 9 shows a longitudinal section of a bladder simulating the lungs;
- fig. 10 shows an exploded view of the set of the upper inner layers, illustratively revealing sleeves with springs, and an exploded view of the set of lower inner layers, illustratively revealing sleeves together with springs.
- the training mannequin 1 for teaching basic resuscitation procedures includes a mannequin trunk 2 made of pressboard, the blank of which contains at shorter ends a socket-and-groove connection elements 2.2, which, when connected, form the mannequin trunk 2 with the upper surface 2A of the mannequin trunk 2 and the lower surface 2B of the trunk 2 of the training mannequin 1.
- the working (pressing) surface of the trunk 2 is conventionally the chest 2.1.
- the mannequin trunk 2 when folded, forms a space 5 of the trunk 2, formed by folding the blank of the mannequin trunk 2 over the perforated surfaces 2.3, so that the perforated surfaces 2.3 constitute the sides of the mannequin trunk 2.
- a simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation system composed of two opposed sets of inner layers: a set 3.1 of upper inner layers which is an element pressed by the user and a set 3.2 of lower inner layers as a pressed and stiffening the mannequin trunk 2 element; shock-absorbing layer 6; a spring element 7, which comprises a set of three springs and a replaceable bladder 8 simulating the lungs.
- the folded trunk 2 of the training mannequin 1 is stiffened at the bottom with an additional outer layer 9 connected to the lower surface 2B of the trunk 2 with an adhesive layer (not shown in the drawing).
- the additional layer 9 has the shape of a human trunk with the cervical section 10 and the head 4.
- the layers of the set 3.2 of lower inner layers conventionally have the shape of a human trunk with the cervical section 10 and the head
- the head 4 of the mannequin constitutes 45% of the length of the entire of the mannequin trunk 2 in the longitudinal dimension.
- the head 4 of the mannequin is composed of layers constituting a movable set 4A of layers, equipped with an outer layer 4.3 made of pressboard and an immovable set 4B of layers joined to each other by adhesive layers.
- the outer layer 4.3 additionally includes a movable connecting element 4.1 conventionally located on the section of the top of the head 4, constituting part of a head 4 blank, which enables the movable set 4A of layers of the head 4 to be moved.
- the movable set 4A of layers is provided with a first mouth inlet opening 4.2.
- the inner layer 4.4 of the movable set 4A of layers, made of cardboard, constitutes the stiffening part of the movable set 4A of layers.
- the layers of the movable set 4A are permanently joined by adhesive layers.
- the immovable set 4B of layers is made of three cardboard layers non-detachably joined with adhesive layers, which are then joined to the head 4 blanks constituting elements of the blanks of the layers of the inner lower layer set 3.2 of the additional layer 9, and all the immovable layers (4B) of the head 4 are provided with distal inlet opening 4.2.1 of the mouth.
- the distal inlet opening 4.2.1 of the mouth is set back from the first inlet opening 4.2 of the mouth for proper guiding of the feed tube 8.2 of the bladder 8 simulating the lungs and for proper execution of the inspiratory action.
- the set 3.1 of upper inner layers consists of five layers having a triangular blank.
- the layers of the upper set 3.1 consist of a 1 cm thick cardboard layer, a 1 mm thick pressboard layer and three 1 cm thick cardboard layers, joined to each other and to the inner upper surface 2A2 by means of adhesive layers (not shown in the drawing).
- the set 3.2 of lower inner layers consists of two layers of cardboard, each 1 cm thick, joined to each other with adhesive layers and to an external stabilizing frame 1 cm thick 3.2.1, in which the flexible layer 6 is placed.
- 2 cm thick cardboard can be used to reduce the number of inner layers of the sets 3.1, 3.2.
- the single-element flexible layer 6 is made of coconut fibre for good cushioning in the final phase of press and surrounds the spring element 7.
- each spring of the spring set is non-detachably located by means of adhesive layers in the upper stabilizing sleeves 7.1 located in the blanks in the upper set 3.1 of the inner layers to a depth of 3 cm, and oppositely in the lower stabilizing sleeves 7.2 in the blanks in the lower set 3.2 of the inner layers at depth 2 cm.
- Each of the stabilization sleeves 7.1, 7.2 is 6 mm thick.
- a cut-out 2.4 for flat placement of a device such as a mobile phone with an application for measuring the quality of the exercise performed.
- the device is placed on the bottom (lowest) layer of the inner set 3.1 of the upper layers which is sensitive to vibrations of the mannequin trunk 2 during its use.
- the bladder 8 simulating the lungs is made of recyclable plastic, i.e. polyvinyl chloride, and it consists of an air chamber 8.1 and a supply conduit 8.2 ending with the upper part 8.3 provided with an air inlet opening 8.4.
- the supply conduit 8.2 is equipped with an additional outlet opening 8.2.2 with a diameter of 1 mm, protecting against excessive inflation of the air chamber 8.1, located in the upper part of the supply conduit 8.2, near the collar 8.2.1.
- the bladder 8 simulating the lungs is placed externally in the cutout 9.1 of the additional outer layer 9 of the trunk 2 towards the distal inlet opening 4.2.1 of the mouth and the first inlet opening 4.2 of the mouth, extending through this inlet opening 4.2 of the mouth and beyond the first inlet opening of the mouth 4.2 to the outside.
- the training mannequin 1 allows resuscitation activities in the following way.
- the chest 2.1 of the mannequin trunk 2 is subjected to compression to a depth of 5 - 6 cm at a rate of 100 - 120 / min, which is achieved by pressing in place of the approximate centre of the chest, located halfway between the clavicle line and the line of rib arches in the middle line of the trunk, i.e. in the location of the upper set 3.1 of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system, where the pressure of the user of the training mannequin 1 on the chest 2.1 causes compression of the upper set 3.1 of the inner layer and deflection of the springs of the spring element 7 to the surface of the elastic layer 6, and then the chest 2.1 of the trunk immediately returns to its starting position (re compression phenomenon).
- the user tilts the movable set of layers 4A of the head 4 blank and through the first inlet opening 4.2 of the mouth introduces air cyclically (2 breaths) into the bladder 8 simulating the lungs, running through the distal inlet opening 4.2.1 of the mouth, whereby the bladder 8 simulating the lungs fills with air (what simulates the rising of the rescued person's chest) and then the user renews pressure on the chest 2.1.
- a device with an application for measuring the quality of the exercise performed during chest 2.1 compressions which is placed in the cut-out 2.4. responds to movement of the chest 2.1. Data from sensors are collected at the maximum frequency available in a given device, not less than 50Hz. The data goes to the motion detection and analysis module.
- the readings change.
- the sensor response is small. Too strong compression causes the chest 2.1 of the mannequin trunk 2 to hit the shock-absorbing layer 6 and causes a vibration deviation, which generates an additional signal indicating incorrect compression. Pressing too lightly will result in the signal not being counted.
- the number of positively collected signals over time is presented to the user. Data flowing directly from the sensors are pre-processed to eliminate artifacts and measurement noise. The steps are repeated until the correct reading is obtained.
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract
The training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures, used in medicine for teaching basic resuscitation procedures, having a simulated trunk with a head provided with a mouth inlet opening and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation system with a spring element consisting of springs, located in the simulated trunk of the training mannequin, characterized in that a multi-layer trunk (2) of the mannequin with external layers defined as the upper surface (2A) and the lower surface (2B), made of a flat blank containing opposed perforated surfaces (2.3) and, at the shorter ends, socket-and-groove connection elements (2.2), and the interior of the trunk (2) forms space for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system (3), which consists of opposed sets of inner layers, a set of upper inner layers (3.1) and a set of lower inner layers (3.2), a shock-absorbing layer (6) with a spring element (7) and a bladder (8) simulating the lungs. The folded trunk (2) of the training mannequin (1) is stiffened from the bottom with an additional outer layer (9).
Description
A training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures
The subject of the invention is a training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures, used in medicine to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation, allowing teaching artificial ventilation and chest compressions, and improving skills in these activities through their repetition.
Currently, training performed on simulators or mannequins is still used to acquire medical skills without exposing patients to risk, and medical staff to the stress accompanying the first attempts to provide help.
A special, separate category of mannequins are resuscitation and intubation mannequins. These are solutions with an appropriately imitated respiratory system, which allows for effective active ventilation and chest compression exercises. They can also be bodies for practising rescue operations or head models for teaching intubation and insertion of endotracheal tubes.
Training mannequins can be equipped with indicators to control the correctness of the exercises performed. Rescue mannequins are increasingly available on the market and have an application for controlling the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed, compatible with a smartphone. For example, solutions for teaching basic resuscitation procedures using the application, indicated under the website links valid as of the date of the search, December 5, 2022: https://rescuesystem.pl/sprzet-szkoleniowy/1076-manekin- prestan-2000-z-aplikacja-cpr-osobadorosla.html; https://altamed.pl/produkt/manekin-bls- basic-billy-aplikacj a-rko/.
There are commonly used plastic resuscitation mannequins/medical mannequins containing interchangeable bladders that simulate the lungs, allowing or blocking rescue inhalation, also with anatomical points marked on the trunk to facilitate their location, an example of which is described in the patent documentation: US5286206A, US4984987 A; US6530783 Bl; US5195896 A; US5628633 A.
It is known from the Chinese description of utility model CN212342139 U a training mannequin equipped with a recess in the chest, the recess comprising a training device for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, consisting of a base and a pressure plate, which are connected by return springs.
It is known from the Chinese patent description CN108766168 a training mannequin, the pressure points of which consists of a cardboard upper and lower surface with springs between them.
It is known from the Chinese patent description CN104040609 a training mannequin made of a material that can maintain the shape and general configuration of the mannequin, such as cardboard, equipped with a head, chest and an air chamber with an air collecting part.
It is known from the American patent description US2019362653 Al a training mannequin for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, equipped with a trunk consisting of, among others, a base plate and a lung plate and a spring element in the form of steel springs placed between them.
A training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures according to the invention, through a simple construction using appropriately selected materials based on natural ingredients, is a solution with a low production cost, easy to transport, recyclable, durable and at the same time meeting all the set functions for a training mannequin for teaching of resuscitation activities. The layered nature of the solution allows for forming simple and effective structure of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system, and the movable head layer, together with the appropriately moved mouth inlet, allows for the correct performance of rescue breaths, which optimizes the usability of the solution.
A training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures, containing a simulated trunk with a head equipped with a mouth inlet and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation system, contains a multi-layered trunk of the mannequin with outer layers defined as the upper surface and the lower surface, made of a flat blank containing opposite perforated surfaces and, at the shorter ends, socket-and-groove connection elements, and the interior of the trunk forms a space for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system, which consists of opposite assemblies of inner layers, an upper assembly and a lower assembly, a shockabsorbing layer with a spring element and a balder simulating the lungs, placed in a cut out of the additional outer layer of the mannequin trunk and guided in the distal mouth inlet and the first mouth inlet outwards beyond the first mouth inlet; each of the layers of a given assembly, apart from the shock-absorbing layer, is non-detachably joined to the other, and each of the layers of the training mannequin, apart from the shock-absorbing layer, is non-detachably joined to the adjacent one; wherein the upper surface, the lower surface and the set of upper inner layers and the set of lower inner layers are made of a
material based on cellulose pulp, and the shock-absorbing layer is made of an organic material; a mannequin head blank having heterogeneous layers made of a cellulose pulp based material, with a movable outer layer provided with a first mouth inlet offset from the distal mouth inlet; Preferably, the upper surface and the lower surface of the training mannequin trunk are made of pressboard, which forms the sides of the simulated mannequin trunk in the place of perforation.
Preferably, the lower surface of the training mannequin trunk is joined non-detachably by an adhesive layer to an additional outer layer of the mannequin trunk and, from the inside to the lower layer of the set of lower inner layers.
Preferably, each of the sets of inner layers made of cardboard is formed by at least two layers non-detachably joined by adhesive layers, the upper layer of the set of upper inner layers being non-detachably joined by an adhesive layer to the inner surface of the upper surface of the trunk.
Preferably, the set of lower inner layers is provided with an outer cardboard frame in which the shock-absorbing layer is located detachably.
Preferably, the spring element is a set of three springs located non-detachably by means of adhesive layers in the upper stabilization sleeves, located in the cut-outs in the set of the upper inner layers, and located oppositely in the lower stabilization sleeves, in the cut-outs in the set of the lower inner layers. Preferably, the shock-absorbing layer is one-piece and surrounds the spring element.
Preferably, the shock-absorbing layer is made of coconut fibres. Preferably, the mannequin head blank is made of layers constituting a movable set of layers connected by a connecting element made of pressboard, placed on the length of the top of the blank of the head, conventionally, the immovable set of layers made of cardboard is non-detachably joined to each other with adhesive layers, while the movable set of head layers is tiltable, made of a pressboard layer and a cardboard layer non-detachably joined by an adhesive layer, with the movable set of layers being movable via a connecting element.
Preferably, a bladder simulating the lungs made of recyclable plastic contains an air chamber, a supply conduit with an additional outlet hole, the supply conduit being equipped with a collar and ending with an upper part having an air inlet opening.
A training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures according to the invention is shown in the drawing and in an embodiment, wherein fig. 1 shows the training mannequin in a front view; fig. 2 shows the training mannequin in a view from the side of the head blank, showing the connecting element; fig. 3 shows a side view of the training mannequin, showing the perforated surface of the trunk; fig. 4 shows the training mannequin in a view from the side of head showing the layers of the head blank, including the pivoting layer of the head and the distal and first mouth opening; fig. 5 shows the training mannequin from below, showing the layers of the circulatory and respiratory system; fig. 6 shows the training mannequin from the back, showing the additional layer and indicating the opening for the bladder simulating the lungs; fig. 7 shows a blank of the mannequin trunk; fig. 8 shows a blank of the mannequin's head; fig. 9 shows a longitudinal section of a bladder simulating the lungs; fig. 10 shows an exploded view of the set of the upper inner layers, illustratively revealing sleeves with springs, and an exploded view of the set of lower inner layers, illustratively revealing sleeves together with springs.
The training mannequin 1 for teaching basic resuscitation procedures, includes a mannequin trunk 2 made of pressboard, the blank of which contains at shorter ends a socket-and-groove connection elements 2.2, which, when connected, form the mannequin trunk 2 with the upper surface 2A of the mannequin trunk 2 and the lower surface 2B of the trunk 2 of the training mannequin 1. The working (pressing) surface of the trunk 2 is conventionally the chest 2.1. The mannequin trunk 2, when folded, forms a space 5 of the trunk 2, formed by folding the blank of the mannequin trunk 2 over the perforated surfaces 2.3, so that the perforated surfaces 2.3 constitute the sides of the mannequin trunk 2. In the space 5 of the mannequin trunk 2 is located a simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation system composed of two opposed sets of inner layers: a set 3.1 of upper inner layers which is an element pressed by the user and a set 3.2 of lower inner layers as a pressed and stiffening the mannequin trunk 2 element; shock-absorbing layer 6; a spring element 7, which comprises a set of three springs and a replaceable bladder 8 simulating the lungs. The folded trunk 2 of the training mannequin 1 is stiffened at the bottom with an additional outer layer 9 connected to the lower surface 2B of the trunk 2 with an adhesive layer (not shown in the drawing). The additional layer 9 has the shape of a human trunk with the cervical section 10 and the head 4. The layers of the set 3.2 of lower inner layers conventionally have the shape of a human trunk with the cervical section 10 and the head
The head 4 of the mannequin constitutes 45% of the length of the entire of the mannequin trunk 2 in the longitudinal dimension. The head 4 of the mannequin is composed of layers constituting a movable set 4A of layers, equipped with an outer layer 4.3 made of pressboard and an immovable set 4B of layers joined to each other by adhesive layers. The outer layer 4.3 additionally includes a movable connecting element 4.1 conventionally located on the section of the top of the head 4, constituting part of a head 4 blank, which enables the movable set 4A of layers of the head 4 to be moved. The movable set 4A of layers is provided with a first mouth inlet opening 4.2. The inner layer 4.4 of the movable set 4A of layers, made of cardboard, constitutes the stiffening part of the movable set 4A of layers. The layers of the movable set 4A are permanently joined by adhesive layers. The immovable set 4B of layers is made of three cardboard layers non-detachably joined with adhesive layers, which are then joined to the head 4 blanks constituting elements of the blanks of the layers of the inner lower layer set 3.2 of the additional layer 9, and all the immovable layers (4B) of the head 4 are provided with distal inlet opening 4.2.1 of the mouth. The distal inlet opening 4.2.1 of the mouth is set back from the first inlet opening 4.2 of the mouth for proper guiding of the feed tube 8.2 of the bladder 8 simulating the lungs and for proper execution of the inspiratory action.
The set 3.1 of upper inner layers consists of five layers having a triangular blank. The layers of the upper set 3.1 consist of a 1 cm thick cardboard layer, a 1 mm thick pressboard layer and three 1 cm thick cardboard layers, joined to each other and to the inner upper surface 2A2 by means of adhesive layers (not shown in the drawing).
The set 3.2 of lower inner layers consists of two layers of cardboard, each 1 cm thick, joined to each other with adhesive layers and to an external stabilizing frame 1 cm thick 3.2.1, in which the flexible layer 6 is placed.
In another embodiment, 2 cm thick cardboard can be used to reduce the number of inner layers of the sets 3.1, 3.2.
The single-element flexible layer 6 is made of coconut fibre for good cushioning in the final phase of press and surrounds the spring element 7.
Between the upper set 3.1, the flexible layer 6 and the lower set 3.2, there is a centrally located spring element 7, which forms a set of three springs simulating the resistance of an adult human chest, with a wire thickness of 3 mm, a length of 12.2 mm, an external diameter of 37 mm and a coefficient of elasticity k=3000 N/m. The beginning and end of
each spring of the spring set are non-detachably located by means of adhesive layers in the upper stabilizing sleeves 7.1 located in the blanks in the upper set 3.1 of the inner layers to a depth of 3 cm, and oppositely in the lower stabilizing sleeves 7.2 in the blanks in the lower set 3.2 of the inner layers at depth 2 cm. Each of the stabilization sleeves 7.1, 7.2 is 6 mm thick.
In the clavicle part of the mannequin trunk 2 there is a cut-out 2.4 for flat placement of a device such as a mobile phone with an application for measuring the quality of the exercise performed. The device is placed on the bottom (lowest) layer of the inner set 3.1 of the upper layers which is sensitive to vibrations of the mannequin trunk 2 during its use.
The bladder 8 simulating the lungs is made of recyclable plastic, i.e. polyvinyl chloride, and it consists of an air chamber 8.1 and a supply conduit 8.2 ending with the upper part 8.3 provided with an air inlet opening 8.4. In the longitudinal section, the air chamber 8.1 has the shape of an irregular pentagon, with a base having width s = 12 cm, sides extending from the base at a right angle a and height di = 9 cm and total height d = 10.5 cm. A supply conduit 8.2 of length d2 =10 cm equipped with a collar 8.2.1 of height ds = 3.5 cm is ended with an upper part 8.3 with an outline similar to the canopy of the letter "T", which has a base of width S2 = 28.5 cm, and the central part of the canopy has a semicircular projection 8.3.1, wherein the projection 8.3.1 covers the outer part of the edge of the canopy, the corners of which, conventionally from the outside of the canopy, are semicircular, wherein the radius R determining the arc of these semicircles is R = 1 cm. The supply conduit 8.2 is equipped with an additional outlet opening 8.2.2 with a diameter of 1 mm, protecting against excessive inflation of the air chamber 8.1, located in the upper part of the supply conduit 8.2, near the collar 8.2.1. The inlet opening 8.4 is located in the area of the central part of the protrusion 8.3.1, the protrusion 8.3.1 is rolled outwards and arranged around the inlet opening 4.2 of the mouth so that the person performing rescue breathing after opening the airway can easily force air inside. The solution allows to perform the exercise in a hygienic way because the user will only touch the disposable film with his mouth. The entire bladder 8 simulating the lungs can be replaced after the exercise, maintaining epidemiological safety. The bladder 8 simulating the lungs is placed externally in the cutout 9.1 of the additional outer layer 9 of the trunk 2 towards the distal inlet opening 4.2.1 of the mouth and the first inlet opening 4.2 of the mouth, extending through this inlet opening 4.2 of the mouth and beyond the first inlet opening of the mouth 4.2 to the outside.
The training mannequin 1 according to the invention allows resuscitation activities in the following way.
The chest 2.1 of the mannequin trunk 2 is subjected to compression to a depth of 5 - 6 cm at a rate of 100 - 120 / min, which is achieved by pressing in place of the approximate centre of the chest, located halfway between the clavicle line and the line of rib arches in the middle line of the trunk, i.e. in the location of the upper set 3.1 of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system, where the pressure of the user of the training mannequin 1 on the chest 2.1 causes compression of the upper set 3.1 of the inner layer and deflection of the springs of the spring element 7 to the surface of the elastic layer 6, and then the chest 2.1 of the trunk immediately returns to its starting position (re compression phenomenon). Then, the user tilts the movable set of layers 4A of the head 4 blank and through the first inlet opening 4.2 of the mouth introduces air cyclically (2 breaths) into the bladder 8 simulating the lungs, running through the distal inlet opening 4.2.1 of the mouth, whereby the bladder 8 simulating the lungs fills with air (what simulates the rising of the rescued person's chest) and then the user renews pressure on the chest 2.1. A device with an application for measuring the quality of the exercise performed during chest 2.1 compressions which is placed in the cut-out 2.4. responds to movement of the chest 2.1. Data from sensors are collected at the maximum frequency available in a given device, not less than 50Hz. The data goes to the motion detection and analysis module. As the device is tilted, the readings change. For small vibrations, the sensor response is small. Too strong compression causes the chest 2.1 of the mannequin trunk 2 to hit the shock-absorbing layer 6 and causes a vibration deviation, which generates an additional signal indicating incorrect compression. Pressing too lightly will result in the signal not being counted. The number of positively collected signals over time is presented to the user. Data flowing directly from the sensors are pre-processed to eliminate artifacts and measurement noise. The steps are repeated until the correct reading is obtained.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. Various modifications and developments are possible within the scope of the attached patent claims, without departing from the essence of the invention.
Reference list:
1 training mannequin
2 mannequin trunk
2A upper surface of the mannequin trunk 2
2B lower surface of the mannequin trunk 2
2.1 chest
2.2 connection elements
2.3 perforated surface of the sides of the mannequin trunk 2
2.4 cut-out in the mannequin trunk 2
3.1 set of upper inner layers of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system
3.1.1 upper layer of the set of upper inner layers of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system
3.2 set of the lower inner layers of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system
3.2.1 upper layer of the set of the lower inner layers of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system
3.2.2 lower layer of the set of the lower inner layers of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system
4 head blank
4 A movable set of head layers
4B immovable set of head layers
4.1 head connecting element
4.2 first mouth inlet opening
4.2.1 distal mouth inlet opening
4.3 outer layer of the movable layer set of head
4.4 inner layer of the movable layer set of head
5 trunk space
6 shock-absorbing layer
7 spring element
7.1 upper spring stabilizing sleeve
7.2 lower spring stabilizing sleeve
8 bladder simulating the lungs
8.1 air chamber
supply conduit supply pipe flange additional opening for the supply conduit upper part of the supply conduit semicircular projection of the upper part air inlet opening additional outer layer of the trunk cut-out in the additional outer layer of the trunk cervical section
Claims
Claims A training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures, containing a simulated trunk with a head equipped with a mouth inlet opening and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation system with a spring element consisting of springs, located in the simulated trunk of the training mannequin, characterized in that a multi-layered mannequin trunk (2) with external layers defined as the upper surface (2A) and the lower surface (2B), made of a flat blank containing opposed perforated surfaces (2.3) and, at the shorter ends, socket-and-groove connection elements (2.2), and the interior of the trunk (2) forms space for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation system (3), which consists of opposed sets of inner layers, a set (3.1) of upper inner layers and a set (3.2) of lower inner layers, a shock-absorbing layer (6) with a spring element (7) and a bladder (8) simulating the lungs placed in the cut-out (9.1) of the additional outer layer of the trunk (2) of the mannequin (1) and routed in the distal mouth inlet opening (4.2.1) and the first mouth inlet opening (4.2) outwards beyond the first mouth inlet opening (4.2), wherein each of the layers of a given set (2A, 2B, 3.1, 3.2) of the training mannequin (1) but the shock-absorbing layer (6) is non- detachably connected to the adjacent one; the upper surface (2A), the lower surface (2B) and the set (3.1) of the upper inner layers, the set (3.2) of the lower inner layers are made of a material based on cellulose pulp, and the shock-absorbing layer (6) is made of organic material; a blank of the mannequin head (4) having heterogeneous layers (4A, 4B) made of natural components-based material, with a movable outer layer (4A) provided with a first mouth inlet opening (4.2) offset from the distal mouth inlet opening (4.2.1); The training mannequin according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface (2A) and the lower surface (2B) are made of pressboard, which constitutes the sides of the simulated trunk (2) of the mannequin in the place of perforation (2.1). The training mannequin according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lower surface (2B) of the mannequin trunk (2) is non-detachably connected with an adhesive layer to an additional outer layer (9) of the mannequin trunk (2) and from the inside to the lower layer (3.2.2) of the set (3.2) of lower inner layers.
The training mannequin according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the sets (3.1, 3.2) of inner layers made of cardboard is formed by at least two layers non- detachably joined by adhesive layers, wherein the upper layer (3.1.1) of the set (3.1) of the upper inner layers is non-detachably joined by an adhesive layer to the inner surface of the upper surface (2A) of the trunk (2). The training mannequin according to claim 1, characterized in that the set (3.2) of lower inner layers is equipped with an outer frame (3.2.1) made of cardboard, in which the shock-absorbing layer (6) is detachably located. The training mannequin according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring element (7) is preferably three springs located non-detachably by means of adhesive layers in the upper stabilization sleeves (7.1) located in the cut-outs in the set (3.1) of upper inner layers and located oppositely in the lower stabilization sleeves (7.2) and in the cut-outs in the set (3.2) of lower inner layers. The training mannequin according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the shockabsorbing layer (6) is one-piece and surrounds the spring element (7). The training mannequin according to claim 1, characterized in that the shockabsorbing layer (6) is made of coconut fibres. The training mannequin according to claim 1, characterized in that the blank of the mannequin head (4) is made of layers constituting a movable set (4A) of layers connected by a connecting element (4.1) made of pressboard, placed on the section of the top of the blank of head (4), conventionally, wherein the immovable set (4B) of layers made of cardboard is non-detachably joined to each other with adhesive layers, while the movable set (4A) of head layers is tiltable, made of a pressboard layer and a cardboard layer non-detachably joined by an adhesive layer, wherein the movable set (4A) of layers being movable via a connecting element (4.1). The training mannequin according to claim 1, characterized in that the bladder (8) simulating the lungs made of recyclable plastic contains an air chamber (8.1), a supply conduit (8.2) with an additional outlet hole (8.2.2), wherein the supply conduit (8.2) is equipped with a collar (8.2.1) and ending with an upper part (8.3) having an air inlet opening (8.4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL443055A PL443055A1 (en) | 2022-12-06 | 2022-12-06 | Training mannequin for learning basic resuscitation procedures |
| PLP.443055 | 2022-12-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024123198A1 true WO2024123198A1 (en) | 2024-06-13 |
Family
ID=89900742
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PL2023/050102 WO2024123198A1 (en) | 2022-12-06 | 2023-12-05 | A training mannequin for teaching basic resuscitation procedures |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| PL (1) | PL443055A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024123198A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5256070A (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-10-26 | Asmund S. Laerdal A/S | Dummy for practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of a human being |
| US20050058977A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-17 | Bearco, Llc | CPR training device |
| EP4064249A1 (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-28 | Ambu A/S | A training manikin |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE414240B (en) * | 1974-10-02 | 1980-07-14 | Testa Lab A S | MODEL FOR RECOVERY OF RECOVERY BY Mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-nose method |
| JP6088055B2 (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2017-03-01 | シンガポール ファースト エイド トレーニング センター ピーティーイー リミテッド | Mannequin for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CN108281075A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-13 | 安布股份有限公司 | Training manikin |
-
2022
- 2022-12-06 PL PL443055A patent/PL443055A1/en unknown
-
2023
- 2023-12-05 WO PCT/PL2023/050102 patent/WO2024123198A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5256070A (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-10-26 | Asmund S. Laerdal A/S | Dummy for practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of a human being |
| US20050058977A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-17 | Bearco, Llc | CPR training device |
| EP4064249A1 (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-28 | Ambu A/S | A training manikin |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL443055A1 (en) | 2024-06-10 |
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