WO2024122104A1 - 血圧計 - Google Patents
血圧計 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024122104A1 WO2024122104A1 PCT/JP2023/028436 JP2023028436W WO2024122104A1 WO 2024122104 A1 WO2024122104 A1 WO 2024122104A1 JP 2023028436 W JP2023028436 W JP 2023028436W WO 2024122104 A1 WO2024122104 A1 WO 2024122104A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
- A61B5/02116—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics of pulse wave amplitude
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
- A61B5/02225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers using the oscillometric method
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7264—Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7282—Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
- A61B2560/0462—Apparatus with built-in sensors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0247—Pressure sensors
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a blood pressure monitor, and in particular to a blood pressure monitor that has the function of determining atrial fibrillation.
- Atrial fibrillation Early detection of atrial fibrillation, which can cause heart disease, is desirable.
- technology has been proposed that estimates atrial fibrillation from pulse wave information acquired by a blood pressure monitor. Specifically, blood pressure is measured multiple times during one measurement session using a blood pressure monitor, and the pulse wave interval, which is the interval between the pulse wave signals acquired during each blood pressure measurement, is acquired, and atrial fibrillation is detected based on the pulse wave interval.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a blood pressure measuring device that can indicate the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation.
- a sequence defined by a predetermined pulse rate, etc. must be repeated multiple times (e.g., three times) in succession during one measurement opportunity. This increases the time required for measurement, and places a burden on the user, as the measurement site is compressed by the cuff, giving the user a feeling of restraint.
- the present disclosure provides a blood pressure monitor that can accurately determine the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation while reducing the burden on the user when measuring blood pressure.
- a blood pressure monitor includes a blood pressure measuring unit that measures the user's blood pressure based on a pulse wave signal superimposed on a cuff pressure signal detected during the process of increasing or decreasing cuff pressure indicating the internal pressure of a cuff attached to a measurement site of the user, a pulse wave number measuring unit that measures the user's pulse wave number based on the pulse wave signal, an interval calculating unit that calculates a data group of pulse wave intervals based on the pulse wave signal, a clustering unit that clusters the data group of pulse wave intervals into one or more clusters using a threshold value, and a determining unit that determines whether atrial fibrillation has occurred in the user based on an index value indicating the magnitude of variation in the data group belonging to a cluster.
- the clustering unit sets the threshold value based on the pulse wave number.
- the above configuration makes it possible to accurately determine the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation while reducing the burden on the user during blood pressure measurement.
- the clustering unit increases the threshold value as the pulse wave number decreases.
- the threshold value is appropriately set according to the pulse wave rate, so that an appropriate atrial fibrillation determination can be performed for each user.
- the threshold is set to be equal to or less than the average value of the pulse wave interval data group. According to the above configuration, it is possible to reduce the possibility of erroneously determining that arrhythmia other than atrial fibrillation (for example, premature ventricular contraction) is atrial fibrillation.
- the determination unit determines that atrial fibrillation has occurred in the user if a first index value indicating the degree of variation in the group of data belonging to one cluster is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the atrial re-determination can be performed with higher accuracy.
- a determination unit determines that atrial fibrillation has occurred in the user if a second index value indicating the magnitude of variation in the data groups belonging to the multiple clusters is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the atrial re-determination can be performed with higher accuracy.
- the determination unit determines that the user has developed arrhythmia other than atrial fibrillation when the second index value is less than a predetermined value.
- the above configuration makes it possible to determine whether arrhythmias other than atrial fibrillation have occurred.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a blood pressure monitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a sphygmomanometer.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the sphygmomanometer.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a data group of pulse wave intervals.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a clustering method.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a clustering result.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a method for setting a threshold value.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining an upper limit value of a threshold value.
- 10 is a flowchart illustrating a process executed by the sphygmomanometer.
- 10 is a flowchart showing an example of a blood pressure measurement process of the sphygmomanometer.
- 10 is a flowchart showing another example of the blood pressure measurement process of the s
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a blood pressure monitor 100 according to the present embodiment.
- blood pressure monitor 100 is an upper arm type blood pressure monitor that measures the blood pressure of a subject who is a user.
- Blood pressure monitor 100 has a main body and a cuff (arm band) as its main components.
- blood pressure monitor 100 may also be a wrist type blood pressure monitor in which the main body and cuff (arm band) are integrated. The processing contents will be explained below with reference to FIG. 1.
- a situation is assumed in which a user measures his or her own blood pressure using a blood pressure monitor 100.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 starts blood pressure measurement in accordance with a blood pressure measurement instruction from the user (corresponding to (1) in FIG. 1). Specifically, the blood pressure monitor 100 extracts a pulse wave signal (fluctuation component) superimposed on a cuff pressure indicating the internal pressure of a cuff attached to the user's measurement site (e.g., the arm), and calculates a blood pressure value by an oscillometric method based on the pulse wave signal.
- a pulse wave signal fluctuation component
- the blood pressure monitor 100 performs blood pressure measurement using a pressurization measurement method in which blood pressure is measured during the pressurization process of the cuff pressure, or a depressurization measurement method in which blood pressure is measured during the depressurization process after the pressurization process of the cuff pressure.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 measures (counts) the pulse wave number (corresponding to (2) in FIG. 1) based on the pulse wave signal obtained during blood pressure measurement (obtained during the pressurization process in the case of the pressurization measurement method, or during the depressurization process in the case of the depressurization measurement method), and calculates a data set of the pulse wave interval (corresponding to (3) in FIG. 1).
- the pulse wave interval is the peak-to-peak interval of the pulse wave (or the equivalent bottom-to-bottom interval).
- pulse wave signal Pa in FIG. 1 when pulse wave signal Pa in FIG. 1 is obtained, a data group of pulse wave intervals ta1 to ta5 is calculated.
- pulse wave signal Pb when pulse wave signal Pb is obtained, a data group of pulse wave intervals tb1 to tb5 is calculated, and when pulse wave signal Pc is obtained, a data group of pulse wave intervals tc1 to tc5 is calculated.
- Pulse wave signal Pa is an example of a pulse wave signal indicating atrial fibrillation. Pulse wave intervals ta1 to ta5 in pulse wave signal Pa vary irregularly overall, with pulse waves occurring randomly. Pulse wave signal Pb is an example of a pulse wave signal indicating normal sinus rhythm. Pulse wave intervals tb1 to tb5 in pulse wave signal Pb are roughly the same, with pulse waves occurring regularly. Pulse wave signal Pc is an example of a pulse wave signal indicating an arrhythmia other than atrial fibrillation (e.g., premature contraction). Pulse wave intervals tc1 to tc3 and tc5 in pulse wave signal Pc are roughly the same, with only pulse wave interval tc4 varying in magnitude, with some pulse waves missing.
- the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation is determined by focusing on the fact that the pulse wave intervals in a pulse wave signal indicating atrial fibrillation vary irregularly overall, and using an index value also called Cstd (Clustered Standard Deviation), which is an example of an index value indicating the magnitude of variation (hereinafter also called “variation index value").
- Cstd Cirered Standard Deviation
- the blood pressure monitor 100 clusters the calculated pulse wave interval data group using a threshold value Th to generate one or more clusters (corresponding to (4) in FIG. 1). For example, the blood pressure monitor 100 clusters the pulse wave interval data group by comparing the difference between each pulse wave interval included in the pulse wave interval data group with the threshold value Th.
- the data group of pulse wave intervals ta1 to ta5 is classified into one cluster with large variation between each piece of data.
- the data group of pulse wave intervals tb1 to tb5 is generated into one cluster with small variation between each piece of data.
- the data group of pulse wave intervals tc1 to tc5 is classified into a cluster with small variation between each piece of data, including pulse wave intervals tc1 to tc3 and tc5, and a cluster to which pulse wave interval tc4 belongs.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 determines the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation based on the variability index value of the data group belonging to the cluster (corresponding to (5) in Figure 1).
- the variability index value of the data group belonging to the cluster corresponds to (5) in Figure 1.
- the variability between each piece of data is large, and therefore the variability index value of this data group is large.
- the variability between each piece of data belonging to the cluster is small, and therefore the variability index value of this data group is small.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 determines that atrial fibrillation has occurred when the variability index value of the data group belonging to the cluster is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 displays the measured blood pressure value and the atrial fibrillation determination result on the display (corresponding to (6) in Figure 1).
- blood pressure measurement and atrial fibrillation determination are performed simultaneously during one measurement opportunity, and there is no need to perform multiple blood pressure measurements to determine atrial fibrillation.
- both blood pressure measurement and atrial fibrillation determination can be achieved while reducing the burden on the user, such as the user's measurement site being repeatedly compressed multiple times during blood pressure measurement and the blood pressure measurement time being extended.
- a variability index value e.g., Cstd
- Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of the blood pressure monitor 100.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 includes, as main components, a main body 10 and a cuff 20.
- the cuff 20 contains a fluid bag 22.
- the main body 10 includes a processor 110, an air system component 30 for blood pressure measurement, an A/D conversion circuit 310, a pump drive circuit 320, a valve drive circuit 330, a display 50, a memory 51, an operation unit 52, a communication interface 53, and a power supply unit 54.
- the processor 110 is an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or MPU (Multi Processing Unit).
- the processor 110 realizes each of the processes (steps) of the sphygmomanometer 100 described below by reading and executing programs stored in the memory 51.
- the processor 110 controls the driving of the pump 32 and the valve 33 in response to an operation signal from the operation unit 52.
- the processor 110 also calculates the blood pressure value using an algorithm for calculating blood pressure using the oscillometric method, and displays it on the display 50.
- Memory 51 is realized by RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), flash memory, etc.
- Memory 51 stores programs for controlling sphygmomanometer 100, data used to control sphygmomanometer 100, setting data for setting various functions of sphygmomanometer 100, and blood pressure measurement result data, pulse wave number, pulse wave interval, etc.
- Memory 51 is also used as a work memory, etc. when programs are executed.
- the air system component 30 supplies or exhausts air through air piping to the fluid bag 22 contained within the cuff 20.
- the air system component 30 includes a pressure sensor 31 for detecting the pressure inside the fluid bag 22, and a pump 32 and a valve 33 as an expansion/contraction mechanism for expanding and contracting the fluid bag 22.
- the pressure sensor 31 detects the pressure (cuff pressure) in the fluid bag 22 and outputs a signal (cuff pressure signal) corresponding to the detected pressure to the A/D conversion circuit 310.
- the pressure sensor 31 is, for example, a piezo-resistive pressure sensor, and is connected to the pump 32, the valve 33, and the fluid bag 22 contained in the cuff 20 via air piping.
- the pump 32 supplies air as a fluid to the fluid bag 22 through the air piping to increase the cuff pressure.
- the valve 33 is opened and closed to control the cuff pressure by discharging air from the fluid bag 22 through the air piping or by sealing air in the fluid bag 22.
- the A/D conversion circuit 310 converts the output value of the pressure sensor 31 (for example, a voltage value corresponding to a change in electrical resistance due to the piezo-resistance effect) from an analog signal to a digital signal and outputs it to the processor 110.
- the processor 110 obtains a signal representing the cuff pressure according to the output value of the A/D conversion circuit 310.
- the pump drive circuit 320 controls the drive of the pump 32 based on a control signal provided by the processor 110.
- the valve drive circuit 330 controls the opening and closing of the valve 33 based on a control signal provided by the processor 110.
- the processor 110 performs blood pressure measurement using a pressurization measurement method in which the user's blood pressure is measured based on the pulse wave signal during a pressurization process in which the cuff pressure is increased, or a depressurization measurement method in which the user's blood pressure is measured based on the pulse wave signal during a depressurization process in which the cuff pressure is depressurized after a pressurization process in which the cuff pressure is increased to a pressure greater than a specified pressure (e.g., the "estimated systolic blood pressure" described below).
- a specified pressure e.g., the "estimated systolic blood pressure” described below.
- a cuff is wrapped around the user's part to be measured (wrist, arm, etc.) in advance, and when making a measurement, pump 32 and valve 33 are controlled to increase the cuff pressure above the estimated systolic blood pressure, and then the pressure is gradually reduced.
- pump 32 and valve 33 are controlled to increase the cuff pressure above the estimated systolic blood pressure, and then the pressure is gradually reduced.
- the cuff pressure is detected by pressure sensor 31, and the fluctuation in arterial volume that occurs in the artery at the part to be measured is extracted as a pulse wave signal.
- the systolic blood pressure (maximum blood pressure) and diastolic blood pressure (minimum blood pressure) are calculated based on the change in amplitude of the pulse wave signal (mainly the rise and fall) that accompanies the change in cuff pressure at that time.
- the display 50 displays various information including blood pressure measurement results and atrial fibrillation assessment results based on control signals from the processor 110.
- the communication interface 53 exchanges various information with external devices.
- the power supply unit 54 supplies power to the processor 110 and each piece of hardware.
- the operation unit 52 inputs an operation signal corresponding to an instruction from the user to the processor 110.
- the operation unit 52 includes a measurement switch 52A for receiving an instruction from the user to start blood pressure measurement.
- Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the sphygmomanometer 100.
- the sphygmomanometer 100 includes, as main functional components, a blood pressure measurement unit 210, a pulse wave number measurement unit 220, an interval calculation unit 230, a clustering unit 240, a determination unit 250, and an output control unit 260.
- Each of these functions is realized, for example, by the processor 110 of the sphygmomanometer 100 executing a program stored in the memory 51. Note that some or all of these functions may be configured to be realized by hardware.
- the blood pressure measurement unit 210 controls the cuff pressure according to a measurement start instruction from the user via the operation unit 52 (e.g., pressing the measurement switch 52A). Specifically, the blood pressure measurement unit 210 drives the pump 32 via the pump drive circuit 320, and controls the drive of the valve 33 via the valve drive circuit 330. The valve 33 opens and closes to discharge or seal air in the fluid bag 22 and control the cuff pressure.
- the blood pressure measurement unit 210 receives the cuff pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor 31 and extracts a pulse wave signal that represents the pulse wave at the measurement site superimposed on the cuff pressure signal. That is, the blood pressure measurement unit 210 detects the pulse wave, which is a pressure component that is superimposed on the cuff pressure signal in synchronization with the beat of the user's heart, from the cuff pressure signal.
- the blood pressure measurement unit 210 measures the user's blood pressure based on the pulse wave signal superimposed on the cuff pressure signal detected during the process of increasing or decreasing the cuff pressure. Specifically, the blood pressure measurement unit 210 measures the user's blood pressure using a pressurization measurement method or a pressurization measurement method according to the oscillometric method.
- the blood pressure measurement unit 210 calculates a systolic blood pressure based on the cuff pressure when the amplitude of the pulse wave signal suddenly increases (at the time of rising), and a diastolic blood pressure based on the cuff pressure when the amplitude suddenly decreases (at the time of falling).
- the blood pressure measurement unit 210 may also employ a so-called pressurization measurement method in which a pulse wave is detected when the fluid bag 22 is pressurized.
- the pulse wave number measuring unit 220 measures the user's pulse wave number N based on the pulse wave signal obtained when blood pressure is measured by the blood pressure measuring unit 210. Specifically, when blood pressure measurement is performed using the pressurization measurement method, the pulse wave number measuring unit 220 measures the pulse wave number N based on the pulse wave signal during the pressurization process of the cuff pressure. When blood pressure measurement is performed using the depressurization measurement method, the pulse wave number measuring unit 220 measures the pulse wave number N based on the pulse wave signal during the depressurization process of the cuff pressure.
- the interval calculation unit 230 calculates a data set of the pulse wave interval based on the pulse wave signal. Specifically, when blood pressure measurement is performed using the pressurization measurement method, the interval calculation unit 230 calculates a data set of the pulse wave interval indicated by the pulse wave signal based on the pulse wave signal during the pressurization process of the cuff pressure. When blood pressure measurement is performed using the depressurization measurement method, the interval calculation unit 230 calculates a data set of the pulse wave interval indicated by the pulse wave signal based on the pulse wave signal during the depressurization process of the cuff pressure. For example, when the pulse wave signal Pa in Figure 1 is obtained, the data set of the pulse wave interval is pulse wave intervals ta1 to ta5.
- the clustering unit 240 uses the threshold value Th to cluster the pulse wave interval data group into one or more clusters. Specifically, the clustering unit 240 sorts the pulse wave interval data group in ascending or descending order, and compares the difference between each data (pulse wave interval) and the threshold value Th to cluster the pulse wave interval data group and generate one or more clusters.
- the clustering unit 240 also sets the threshold value Th based on the pulse wave number N. Specifically, the clustering unit 240 increases the threshold value Th as the pulse wave number N decreases. However, the threshold value Th is set to be equal to or less than the average value of the data group of pulse wave intervals. Details of the clustering method for the data group of pulse wave intervals will be described later.
- the determination unit 250 accepts input of cluster information from the clustering unit 240.
- the cluster information includes the number of clusters, information indicating the data groups belonging to each cluster, etc.
- the determination unit 250 calculates the variability index value of the data groups belonging to the cluster based on the cluster information, and determines whether or not atrial fibrillation has occurred in the user based on the variability index value.
- the determination unit 250 determines that atrial fibrillation has occurred in the user if the variability index value of the data group belonging to that one cluster is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the determination unit 250 calculates one of the standard deviation, variance, mean absolute deviation, and median absolute deviation of the data group belonging to that one cluster as the variation index value.
- the determination unit 250 determines that the user has developed atrial fibrillation if the variability index value of the data group belonging to the multiple clusters is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. Furthermore, the determination unit 250 determines that the user has developed an arrhythmia other than atrial fibrillation if the variability index value is less than the predetermined value.
- the variation index value used is any one of Cstd, Clustered Variance (also referred to as CVar for convenience), Clustered Absolute Deviation (also referred to as CAD for convenience), the average standard deviation, the average variance, the average mean absolute deviation, and the average median absolute deviation.
- the determination unit 250 calculates any one of Cstd, CVar, CAD, the average standard deviation, the average variance, the average mean absolute deviation, and the average median absolute deviation as the variation index value for a data group belonging to multiple clusters.
- the determination unit 250 calculates the sum of squared deviations of the data groups belonging to each cluster, and calculates Cvar by dividing the sum of the squared deviations by the total number of data points for the pulse wave intervals. More specifically, Cvar is calculated using equation (1) and the following equation (3).
- the average standard deviation, average variance, average mean absolute deviation, and average median absolute deviation used as variation index values are calculated as follows. Specifically, the determination unit 250 calculates the standard deviation of the data group belonging to each cluster, and calculates the sum of each standard deviation divided by the number of clusters m as the "average standard deviation.” The determination unit 250 calculates the variance of the data group belonging to each cluster, and calculates the sum of each variance divided by the number of clusters m as the "average variance.”
- the determination unit 250 calculates the mean absolute deviation (the sum of the absolute deviations divided by the number of data n) of the data groups belonging to each cluster, and calculates the sum of the mean absolute deviations divided by the number of clusters m as the "average of mean absolute deviations.”
- the determination unit 250 calculates the median absolute deviation of the data groups belonging to each cluster, and calculates the sum of the median absolute deviations divided by the number of clusters m as the "average of median absolute deviations.” Details of the atrial fibrillation determination method will be described later.
- the output control unit 260 displays the measurement results (e.g., systolic and diastolic blood pressure values) of the blood pressure measurement unit 210 and the judgment results (e.g., judgment results on the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation) of the judgment unit 250 on the display 50.
- the output control unit 260 may transmit the measurement results and judgment results to an external device via the communication interface 53, or may be configured to output audio via a speaker (not shown).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a data group of pulse wave intervals.
- Fig. 4(a) is an example of a data group of pulse wave intervals in a pulse wave signal indicating atrial fibrillation.
- Fig. 4(b) is an example of a data group of pulse wave intervals in a pulse wave signal indicating normal sinus rhythm.
- Fig. 4(c) is an example of a data group of pulse wave intervals in a pulse wave signal indicating premature contraction.
- the vertical axis of Fig. 4(a) to Fig. 4(c) shows the normalized value of the pulse wave interval, and the horizontal axis shows the order of the pulses that occurred.
- the values shown on the vertical axis in Figure 4 are normalized values obtained by dividing the value of each pulse wave interval included in the pulse wave interval data group by the average value of each pulse wave interval. Therefore, when the pulse wave interval T is the same as the average value, the normalized value of the pulse wave interval T is "1".
- the data group of pulse wave intervals varies irregularly between approximately 0.6 and 1.5. This shows the same tendency as the data groups ta1 to ta5 of the pulse wave intervals in the pulse wave signal Pa in FIG. 1.
- some of the data in the pulse wave interval data group varies. Specifically, most of the data is near 1.0, but some of the data (e.g., the 2nd, 3rd, 15th, 16th, 22nd, and 23rd data) have slightly different values. This is a similar trend to the data groups tc1 to tc5 of the pulse wave interval in the pulse wave signal Pc in FIG. 1.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 clustering unit 240 clusters the group of pulse wave interval data shown in FIG. 4 to generate one or more clusters. First, the clustering method will be explained using FIG. 5.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the clustering method.
- Data groups D1 to D15 are data groups of pulse wave intervals in a pulse wave signal sorted in descending order. In other words, data D1 is the largest and data D15 is the smallest.
- Clustering is performed by comparing the difference between the data before and after each data item with a threshold value Th.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 e.g., the clustering unit 240
- the clustering unit 240 classifies data D2 and data D3 into the same cluster because the difference between data D2 and data D3 is less than the threshold Th.
- the clustering unit 240 classifies data D3 into a different cluster from data D4 because the difference between data D3 and data D4 is equal to or greater than the threshold Th. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 5, data D2 and data D3 belong to cluster C2.
- FIG. 6 shows the clustering results. Specifically, it shows the results of clustering each of the pulse wave interval data groups shown in FIG. 4(a) to FIG. 4(c) using a threshold value Th.
- the pulse wave interval data group related to atrial fibrillation shown in FIG. 4(a) is clustered into one cluster X1.
- the pulse wave interval data group related to normal sinus rhythm shown in FIG. 4(b) is clustered into one cluster Y1.
- the pulse wave interval data group related to premature contractions shown in FIG. 4(c) is clustered into three clusters Z1 to Z3.
- the data group of pulse wave intervals related to atrial fibrillation is clustered into one cluster X1, so one of four index values (i.e., standard deviation, variance, mean absolute deviation, and median absolute deviation) is used as the variability index value Sdx of the data group.
- the data group belonging to cluster X1 has a large variability, so the variability index value Sdx of the data group is large.
- the data group of pulse wave intervals related to normal sinus rhythm is clustered into one cluster Y1, so one of the above four index values is used as the variability index value Sdy of the data group.
- the same type of index value is used for the variability index values Sdx and Sdy.
- the data group belonging to cluster Y1 has a small variability, so the variability index value Sdy of the data group is small.
- the data group of pulse wave intervals corresponding to premature contractions is clustered into three clusters Z1 to Z3, so that the variability index value Sdz of the data group is any one of Cstd, CVar, CAD, the average standard deviation, the average variance, the average mean absolute deviation, and the average median absolute deviation.
- the data group belonging to each of clusters Z1 to Z3 has small variability. Therefore, the variability index value Sdz of the data group of pulse wave intervals corresponding to premature contractions is small.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 calculates the variability index value of the data group belonging to the clustered cluster, and when the variability index value is larger than a predetermined value, it determines that atrial fibrillation has occurred.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 determines that atrial fibrillation has occurred when the variability index value of the data group belonging to multiple clusters is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. This is because, although multiple clusters have been generated, the variability of the data group belonging to each cluster is large, and the pulse wave interval data group is considered to vary irregularly overall (i.e., the variability index value is large).
- the blood pressure monitor 100 determines that an arrhythmia other than atrial fibrillation (e.g., premature ventricular contraction) has occurred.
- the blood pressure monitor 100 may determine that the user's pulse is normal (e.g., exhibits normal sinus rhythm).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the threshold setting method. Both FIG. 7(a) and FIG. 7(b) show the results of clustering a group of pulse wave interval data related to atrial fibrillation using a threshold value Th. However, FIG. 7(a) shows the clustering results when the pulse wave number is high, and FIG. 7(b) shows the clustering results when the pulse wave number is low.
- one cluster Ca is generated, and the data group of pulse wave intervals belonging to cluster Ca varies widely, so the variation index value (e.g., standard deviation, variance, mean absolute deviation, or median absolute deviation) of the data group is large. As a result, it is correctly determined that atrial fibrillation has occurred.
- variation index value e.g., standard deviation, variance, mean absolute deviation, or median absolute deviation
- the blood pressure monitor 100 changes the threshold value Th according to the pulse wave number. Specifically, the clustering unit 240 increases the threshold value Th as the pulse wave number decreases. With this configuration, as shown in FIG. 7(b), the threshold value Th increases when the pulse wave number is low, and so the clustering unit 240 generates one cluster Cb rather than generating three clusters Cb1 to Cb3. The data group of pulse wave intervals belonging to cluster Cb varies greatly, and so the variation index value of this data group increases. As a result, it is correctly determined that atrial fibrillation has occurred.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the upper limit of the threshold value.
- the threshold Th is set to "1" or greater, the data group related to the premature ventricular contractions may be clustered into a single cluster rather than multiple clusters. In this case, arrhythmias other than atrial fibrillation may be erroneously determined to be "atrial fibrillation.” Therefore, the upper limit of the threshold Th is set to the average value of the data group of pulse wave intervals.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining a process procedure executed by the sphygmomanometer 100. Referring to Fig. 9, at the start of this process, the cuff 20 is attached to a measurement site of the user.
- the processor 110 of the blood pressure monitor 100 receives an operation signal based on a user operation of the measurement switch 52A from the operation unit 52 (step S10). In response to the operation signal, the processor 110 starts a blood pressure measurement process (step S20). In the blood pressure measurement process, a data set of the blood pressure value, the pulse wave number N, and the pulse wave interval is calculated based on the pulse wave signal. The blood pressure measurement process will be described in detail later.
- the processor 110 executes an atrial fibrillation determination process based on the data group of the pulse wave rate N and the pulse wave interval (step S30). Specifically, the processor 110 sets a threshold Th to be used for clustering based on the pulse wave rate N, and clusters the data group of the pulse wave interval into one or more clusters using the threshold Th. The processor 110 then determines whether or not atrial fibrillation has occurred based on the variability index value of the data group belonging to the cluster.
- the processor 110 displays the blood pressure measurement results (e.g., systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) and the results of the atrial fibrillation assessment process on the display 50 (step S40).
- blood pressure measurement results e.g., systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the blood pressure measurement process of the sphygmomanometer 100.
- the blood pressure measurement process shown in FIG. 10 (corresponding to step S20 in FIG. 9) is a process for measuring blood pressure using the pressurization measurement method.
- the processor 110 of the blood pressure monitor 100 initializes the pressure sensor 31 (step S102). Specifically, the processor 110 initializes the processing memory area, turns off (stops) the pump 32, and adjusts the pressure sensor 31 to 0 mmHg (sets the atmospheric pressure to 0 mmHg) with the valve 33 open.
- the processor 110 closes the valve 33 via the valve drive circuit 330 (step S104), and turns on the pump 32 via the pump drive circuit 320 to start pressurizing the cuff 20 (fluid bag 22) (step S106).
- the processor 110 controls the pressurization speed of the cuff pressure, which is the pressure inside the fluid bag 22, based on the output of the pressure sensor 31, while supplying air from the pump 32 to the fluid bag 22 through the air piping. This starts the pressurization process.
- the processor 110 then extracts a pulse wave signal from the cuff pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor 31, attempts to calculate the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure based on the pulse wave signal, and determines whether the blood pressure calculation is complete (step S108).
- step S108 the processor 110 repeats the processing of steps S106 and S108 unless the cuff pressure reaches a predetermined upper limit pressure (e.g., 300 mmHg). If the blood pressure calculation is completed (YES in step S108), the processor 110 stops the pump 32 (i.e., stops the pressurization process) (step S110), opens the valve 33 (step S112), and performs control to exhaust the air from the cuff 20.
- a predetermined upper limit pressure e.g. 300 mmHg.
- the processor 110 calculates a data set of the pulse wave number N and the pulse wave interval based on the pulse wave signal obtained during the pressurization process (step S114).
- the processor 110 stores the calculated data set of the pulse wave number N and the pulse wave interval in the memory 51.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing another example of the blood pressure measurement process of the sphygmomanometer 100.
- the blood pressure measurement process shown in FIG. 11 (corresponding to step S20 in FIG. 9) is a process for measuring blood pressure using a reduced pressure measurement method.
- steps S122 to S126 are similar to those in steps S102 to S106 in FIG. 10, and therefore will not be described in detail.
- the processor 110 estimates the systolic blood pressure based on the pulse wave signal obtained during inflation (step S128).
- the processor 110 determines whether the cuff pressure has reached or exceeded pressure P (step S130).
- pressure P is set to a value that is a fixed value (e.g., 40 mmHg) higher than the estimated systolic blood pressure value.
- step S130 If the cuff pressure is less than pressure P (NO in step S130), the processor 110 returns to step S126. If the cuff pressure is equal to or greater than pressure P (YES in step S130), the processor 110 stops the pump 32 (step S132) and controls the valve 33 to gradually open (step S134). This causes a transition from the pressurization process to the depressurization process (i.e., the depressurization process is started), and the cuff pressure is gradually reduced.
- the processor 110 extracts a pulse wave signal from the cuff pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor 31, attempts to calculate the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure based on the pulse wave signal, and determines whether the blood pressure calculation is complete (step S136). If the blood pressure calculation is not complete (NO in step S136), the processor 110 repeats the processes of steps S134 and S136. If the blood pressure calculation is complete (YES in step S136), the processor 110 fully opens the valve 33 (step S138) and performs control to rapidly exhaust the air in the cuff 20.
- the processor 110 calculates a data set of the pulse wave number N and the pulse wave interval based on the pulse wave signal obtained during the decompression process (step S140).
- the processor 110 stores the calculated data set of the pulse wave number N and the pulse wave interval in the memory 51.
- a program for causing a computer to function and execute the control as described in the above-described flowchart can also be provided.
- Such a program can be provided as a program product by being recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium such as a flexible disk, a CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory), a secondary storage device, a main storage device, or a memory card that is attached to the computer.
- the program can be provided by being recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk built into the computer.
- the program can also be provided by downloading via a network.
- the present embodiment includes the following disclosure.
- a blood pressure measurement unit (210) that measures the blood pressure of a user based on a pulse wave signal superimposed on a cuff pressure signal detected during a process of increasing or decreasing a cuff pressure indicating an internal pressure of a cuff (20) attached to a measurement site of the user; a pulse wave number measurement unit (220) that measures the pulse wave number of the user based on the pulse wave signal; an interval calculation unit (230) that calculates a data group of pulse wave intervals based on the pulse wave signal; a clustering unit (240) that clusters the data group of pulse wave intervals into one or more clusters using a threshold value; and a determination unit (250) that determines whether atrial fibrillation has occurred in the user based on an index value indicating a magnitude of variation in the data group belonging to the cluster, wherein the clustering unit sets the threshold value based on the pulse wave number.
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Abstract
Description
上記構成によれば、脈波数に応じて閾値が適切に設定されるため、ユーザごとに適切な心房細動判定を実行することができる。
上記構成によれば、心房細動以外の不整脈(例えば、期外収縮)を心房細動と誤判定する可能性を低減することができる。
本開示の他の例では、脈波間隔のデータ群が複数のクラスタにクラスタリングされたとき、判定部は、複数のクラスタに属するデータ群のばらつきの大きさを示す第2指標値が所定値以上である場合にユーザにおいて心房細動が発生したと判定する。
本開示の他の例では、判定部は、第2指標値が所定値未満である場合、ユーザに心房細動以外の不整脈が発生したと判定する。
図1を参照して、本発明の適用例について説明する。図1は、本実施の形態に従う血圧計100を示す図である。
<ハードウェア構成>
図2は、血圧計100のハードウェア構成の一例を表わすブロック図である。図2を参照して、血圧計100は、主たる構成要素として、本体10と、カフ20とを含む。カフ20には、流体袋22が内包されている。本体10は、プロセッサ110と、血圧測定用のエア系コンポーネント30と、A/D変換回路310と、ポンプ駆動回路320と、弁駆動回路330と、ディスプレイ50と、メモリ51と、操作部52と、通信インターフェイス53と、電源部54とを含む。
図3は、血圧計100の機能構成を示すブロック図である。図3を参照して、血圧計100は、主な機能構成として、血圧測定部210と、脈波数測定部220と、間隔算出部230と、クラスタリング部240と、判定部250と、出力制御部260とを含む。これらの各機能は、例えば、血圧計100のプロセッサ110がメモリ51に格納されたプログラムを実行することによって実現される。なお、これらの機能の一部または全部はハードウェアで実現されるように構成されていてもよい。
図4は、脈波間隔のデータ群の一例を示す図である。具体的には、図4(a)は、心房細動を示す脈波信号における脈波間隔のデータ群の一例である。図4(b)は、正常洞調律を示す脈波信号における脈波間隔のデータ群の一例である。図4(c)は、期外収縮を示す脈波信号における脈波間隔のデータ群の一例である。図4(a)~図4(c)の縦軸は脈波間隔を規格化した値を示しており、横軸は、発生した脈の順番を示している。
図8は、閾値の上限値を説明するための図である。図8を参照して、脈波信号Pdでは脈が1つ抜けている例を示している。上述したように、脈波間隔が、脈波間隔のデータ群の平均値と同一であれば、当該脈波間隔を規格化した値は“1”となる。図8の例では、脈波間隔Ta,Tcは“1”である。次に、1つ脈が抜けた場合に、その前後の脈波間隔Tbは“2”となる。そのため、隣接する脈波間隔の差分は“1”(すなわち、2-1=1)であり、これは脈波間隔のデータ群の平均値と一致する。
図9は、血圧計100により実行される処理手順を説明するためのフローチャートである。図9を参照して、この処理の開始において、カフ20はユーザの被測定部位に装着されている。
(1)上述した実施の形態において、コンピュータを機能させて、上述のフローチャートで説明したような制御を実行させるプログラムを提供することもできる。このようなプログラムは、コンピュータに付属するフレキシブルディスク、CD-ROM(Compact Disk Read Only Memory)、二次記憶装置、主記憶装置およびメモリカードなどの一時的でないコンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体にて記録させて、プログラム製品として提供することもできる。あるいは、コンピュータに内蔵するハードディスクなどの記録媒体にて記録させて、プログラムを提供することもできる。また、ネットワークを介したダウンロードによって、プログラムを提供することもできる。
以上のように、本実施形態は以下のような開示を含む。
ユーザの被測定部位に装着されたカフ(20)の内圧を示すカフ圧を加圧または減圧する過程において検出されたカフ圧信号に重畳される脈波信号に基づいて、前記ユーザの血圧を測定する血圧測定部(210)と、前記脈波信号に基づいて、前記ユーザの脈波数を測定する脈波数測定部(220)と、前記脈波信号に基づいて、脈波間隔のデータ群を算出する間隔算出部(230)と、閾値を用いて、前記脈波間隔のデータ群を1以上のクラスタにクラスタリングするクラスタリング部(240)と、前記クラスタに属するデータ群のばらつきの大きさを示す指標値に基づいて、前記ユーザにおいて心房細動が発生したか否かを判定する判定部(250)とを備え、前記クラスタリング部は、前記脈波数に基づいて前記閾値を設定する、血圧計(100)。
前記クラスタリング部(240)は、前記脈波数が少ないほど前記閾値を大きくする、構成1に記載の血圧計(100)。
前記閾値は、前記脈波間隔のデータ群の平均値以下に設定される、構成1または2に記載の血圧計(100)。
前記脈波間隔のデータ群が1つのクラスタにクラスタリングされたとき、前記判定部(250)は、前記1つのクラスタに属するデータ群のばらつきの大きさを示す第1指標値が所定値以上である場合に前記ユーザにおいて心房細動が発生したと判定する、構成1~3のいずれかに記載の血圧計(100)。
前記脈波間隔のデータ群が複数のクラスタにクラスタリングされたとき、前記判定部(250)は、前記複数のクラスタに属するデータ群のばらつきの大きさを示す第2指標値が所定値以上である場合に前記ユーザにおいて心房細動が発生したと判定する、構成1~4のいずれかに記載の血圧計(100)。
前記判定部(250)は、前記第2指標値が前記所定値未満である場合、前記ユーザに心房細動以外の不整脈が発生したと判定する、構成5に記載の血圧計(100)。
Claims (6)
- ユーザの被測定部位に装着されたカフの内圧を示すカフ圧を加圧または減圧する過程において検出されたカフ圧信号に重畳される脈波信号に基づいて、前記ユーザの血圧を測定する血圧測定部と、
前記脈波信号に基づいて、前記ユーザの脈波数を測定する脈波数測定部と、
前記脈波信号に基づいて、脈波間隔のデータ群を算出する間隔算出部と、
閾値を用いて、前記脈波間隔のデータ群を1以上のクラスタにクラスタリングするクラスタリング部と、
前記クラスタに属するデータ群のばらつきの大きさを示す指標値に基づいて、前記ユーザにおいて心房細動が発生したか否かを判定する判定部とを備え、
前記クラスタリング部は、前記脈波数に基づいて前記閾値を設定する、血圧計。 - 前記クラスタリング部は、前記脈波数が少ないほど前記閾値を大きくする、請求項1に記載の血圧計。
- 前記閾値は、前記脈波間隔のデータ群の平均値以下に設定される、請求項1または2に記載の血圧計。
- 前記脈波間隔のデータ群が1つのクラスタにクラスタリングされたとき、前記判定部は、前記1つのクラスタに属するデータ群のばらつきの大きさを示す第1指標値が所定値以上である場合に前記ユーザにおいて心房細動が発生したと判定する、請求項1または2に記載の血圧計。
- 前記脈波間隔のデータ群が複数のクラスタにクラスタリングされたとき、前記判定部は、前記複数のクラスタに属するデータ群のばらつきの大きさを示す第2指標値が所定値以上である場合に前記ユーザにおいて心房細動が発生したと判定する、請求項1または2に記載の血圧計。
- 前記判定部は、前記第2指標値が前記所定値未満である場合、前記ユーザに心房細動以外の不整脈が発生したと判定する、請求項5に記載の血圧計。
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| JP2022099105A (ja) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-07-04 | オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 | 電子血圧計、および、電子血圧計における心房細動判定方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119867687A (zh) * | 2024-12-31 | 2025-04-25 | 江苏鱼跃医疗设备股份有限公司 | 基于单次测量多次加压的心房颤动检测方法、装置、介质 |
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| US20250185923A1 (en) | 2025-06-12 |
| DE112023005138T5 (de) | 2025-09-18 |
| CN119677456A (zh) | 2025-03-21 |
| JP2024083052A (ja) | 2024-06-20 |
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