WO2024108722A1 - 分散式高压共轨系统 - Google Patents

分散式高压共轨系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024108722A1
WO2024108722A1 PCT/CN2022/142144 CN2022142144W WO2024108722A1 WO 2024108722 A1 WO2024108722 A1 WO 2024108722A1 CN 2022142144 W CN2022142144 W CN 2022142144W WO 2024108722 A1 WO2024108722 A1 WO 2024108722A1
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Prior art keywords
fuel
pressure
distributed
oil
pressure pump
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PCT/CN2022/142144
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴亦宁
郑永强
杨治宝
张亮亮
杨田云
杨青青
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中车戚墅堰机车有限公司
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Publication of WO2024108722A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024108722A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025—Common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M39/00—Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements
    • F02M39/005—Arrangements of fuel feed-pumps with respect to fuel injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M39/00—Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements
    • F02M39/02—Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus to facilitate the driving of pumps; Arrangements of fuel-injection pumps; Pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/102—Mechanical drive, e.g. tappets or cams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of diesel engines, in particular to a distributed high-pressure common rail system.
  • Using a fuel common rail system to replace the existing diesel engine's electronic fuel injection unit pump system can significantly increase the injection pressure, improve fuel consumption and particulate matter emissions, and provide conditions for further optimizing engine gas distribution and reducing NOx emissions.
  • a typical diesel engine common rail system consists of a high-pressure pump (common rail pump), a fuel rail and a fuel injector.
  • the high-pressure pump is used to increase the pressure of the diesel engine and is usually driven by the diesel engine crankshaft. It requires a dedicated transmission gear and installation position; the fuel rail is a metal cavity with a certain volume, which is used to maintain the fuel pressure; the fuel injector is used to spray fuel into the cylinder for combustion.
  • the present invention provides a decentralized high-pressure common rail system.
  • the present invention provides a decentralized high-pressure common rail system.
  • a decentralized high-pressure common rail system including a fuel tank, a fuel delivery pump, and a fuel injector
  • the fuel tank is connected to the fuel delivery pump
  • the fuel delivery pump is connected to the fuel injector
  • the fuel delivery pump is connected to a plurality of decentralized high-pressure pumps
  • the plurality of decentralized high-pressure pumps are respectively connected to a plurality of decentralized oil rails
  • an oil outlet valve and an oil inlet valve are provided on the decentralized high-pressure pump
  • each decentralized oil rail is connected to a plurality of fuel injectors.
  • the distributed high-pressure pump is a single-plunger cam pump, and a plurality of distributed high-pressure pumps are connected to a camshaft.
  • the oil outlet of the distributed high-pressure pump is further connected to the distribution block through a high-pressure pump connecting pipe, the distribution block is connected to the distributed oil rail through an oil rail connecting pipe, several distribution blocks are connected together through distribution block connecting pipes, and the distribution block is connected to the pressure limiting valve.
  • the fuel delivery pump is further connected to the oil inlet of a distributed high-pressure pump through a high-pressure pump oil inlet pipeline
  • the oil return port of the distributed high-pressure pump is connected to the high-pressure pump oil return pipe through a high-pressure pump oil return branch pipe
  • the high-pressure pump oil return pipe is connected to the fuel tank through an oil return main pipe
  • the high-pressure pump oil inlet pipeline is connected to a fuel inlet
  • the high-pressure pump oil inlet pipeline and the oil inlet valve are respectively connected to the high-pressure pump oil inlet joint
  • the high-pressure pump oil return pipe and the high-pressure pump oil return branch pipe are respectively connected to the fuel outlet.
  • the fuel injector is further connected to the fuel injector oil return pipeline through the fuel injector oil return branch pipe, and the fuel injector oil return pipeline is connected to the oil return main pipe.
  • the distribution block is further connected to the oil tank via a leakage oil collection pipeline.
  • the distributed oil rail is further connected to the oil tank via a leakage oil collection pipeline 2, and the leakage oil collection pipeline 1 and the leakage oil collection pipeline 2 are respectively connected to a high-pressure fuel leakage detection device.
  • the distributed fuel rail is further connected to the fuel injector through a fuel injector high-pressure fuel pipe.
  • a fuel injector flow limiting valve is further installed on the fuel injector high pressure fuel pipe.
  • a fuel filter is further installed on the oil inlet pipeline of the high-pressure pump.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the invention adopts a decentralized arrangement, through a camshaft-driven high-pressure pump and a decentralized common rail pipe, which can greatly reduce the modification cost of the diesel engine and ensure the versatility of parts.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a connection circuit diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a connection circuit diagram of the present invention.
  • a decentralized high-pressure common rail system includes a fuel tank 1, a fuel delivery pump 2, and an injector 24.
  • the fuel tank 1 is connected to the fuel delivery pump 2, and the fuel delivery pump 2 is connected to the injector 24.
  • the fuel delivery pump 2 is connected to a plurality of decentralized high-pressure pumps 10, and the plurality of decentralized high-pressure pumps 10 are respectively connected to a plurality of decentralized oil rails 19.
  • the decentralized high-pressure pumps 10 are provided with an oil outlet valve 8 and an oil inlet valve 9, and each decentralized oil rail 19 is connected to a plurality of injectors 24.
  • the distributed high-pressure pump 10 is driven by the camshaft 11, and the number of distributed high-pressure pumps 10 is usually 1/2 to 1/3 of the total number of engine cylinders.
  • the oil pump cam on the camshaft 11 that drives the distributed high-pressure pump 10 is a 3-peachy cam, that is, the camshaft 11 drives the plunger pump to work 3 times for every rotation of the camshaft 11.
  • There is a plunger in each high-pressure pump and the plunger is used to generate high-pressure fuel.
  • the oil outlet valve 8 and the oil inlet valve 9 ensure that the fuel is sucked from the low-pressure oil circuit and enters the high-pressure system after pressurization.
  • the number of distributed oil rails 19 is 1/2 of the total number of cylinders, providing the injector 24 with high-pressure fuel with stable pressure.
  • the distributed high-pressure pump 10 is a single-plunger cam pump, and a plurality of distributed high-pressure pumps 10 are connected to a camshaft 11 .
  • the oil outlet of the distributed high-pressure pump 10 is connected to the distribution block 6 through the high-pressure pump connecting pipe 7, the distribution block 6 is connected to the distributed oil rail 19 through the oil rail connecting pipe 5, several distribution blocks 6 are connected together through the distribution block connecting pipe 14, and the distribution block 6 is connected to the pressure limiting valve 18.
  • the high-pressure fuel generated by the distributed high-pressure pump 10 can be evenly distributed to each distributed fuel rail 19 through the fuel rail connecting pipe 5, the distribution block 6, and the high-pressure pump connecting pipe 7.
  • the pressure difference between the fuel rails can also be reduced through the distribution block connecting pipe 14.
  • the fuel delivery pump 2 is connected to the oil inlet of the distributed high-pressure pump 10 through the high-pressure pump oil inlet pipeline 12, and the oil return port of the distributed high-pressure pump 10 is connected to the high-pressure pump oil return pipe 13 through the high-pressure pump oil return branch pipe 17.
  • the high-pressure pump oil return pipe 13 is connected to the fuel tank 1 through the oil return main pipe 3.
  • the high-pressure pump oil inlet pipeline 12 is connected to the fuel inlet 25.
  • the high-pressure pump oil inlet pipeline 12 and the oil inlet valve 9 are respectively connected to the high-pressure pump oil inlet joint 27, and the high-pressure pump oil return pipe 13 and the high-pressure pump oil return branch pipe 17 are respectively connected to the fuel outlet 26.
  • the fuel injector 24 is connected to the fuel injector oil return pipeline 22 through the fuel injector oil return branch pipe 23, and the fuel injector oil return pipeline 22 is connected to the oil return main pipe 3.
  • the high-pressure pump oil inlet pipeline 12 , the high-pressure pump oil return pipeline 13 , and the injector oil return pipeline 22 are responsible for filtering the fuel and delivering it to the distributed high-pressure pump 10 , and recovering the return oil of the distributed high-pressure pump 10 and the injector 24 to the fuel tank 1 .
  • the distribution block 6 is connected to the oil tank 1 through a leakage oil collection pipeline 15.
  • the distributed oil rail 19 is connected to the oil tank 1 through the leakage oil collecting pipeline 2 16.
  • the leakage oil collecting pipeline 1 15 and the leakage oil collecting pipeline 2 16 are connected to the high-pressure fuel oil leakage detection device 28 respectively.
  • the leaked oil collection pipeline 1 15 and the leaked oil collection pipeline 2 16 are used to collect and detect the high-pressure fuel leaked due to the rupture of the high-pressure fuel pipe or the failure of the seal.
  • the distributed fuel rail 19 is connected to the fuel injector 24 through the fuel injector high-pressure fuel pipe 20 .
  • the fuel injector high pressure oil pipe 20 is provided with a fuel injector flow limiting valve 21 .
  • a fuel filter 4 is installed on the high-pressure pump oil inlet pipeline 12 .
  • the fuel delivery pump 2 draws the fuel from the fuel tank 1. After being filtered by the fuel filter 4, the fuel enters the distributed high-pressure pump 10 through the inlet valve 9 of the distributed high-pressure pump 10.
  • the distributed high-pressure pump 10 pressurizes the fuel under the drive of the camshaft 11. After the high-pressure fuel passes through the outlet valve 8, it enters the distribution block 6 through the high-pressure pump connecting pipe 7, and then enters each distributed oil rail 19 through the distribution block connecting pipe 14, other distribution blocks 6 and the oil rail connecting pipe 5.
  • a pressure limiting valve 18 is installed on the distribution block at the end of the system. When the fuel pressure in the system exceeds the limit, the valve will automatically open to release the pressure. The high-pressure fuel is stored in the distributed oil rail 19.
  • the high-pressure fuel will enter the injector 24 through the injector high-pressure oil pipe 20 and then be injected into the engine cylinder in a timely and quantitative manner.
  • the injector high-pressure oil pipe is equipped with an injector limiting valve 21 to control the upper limit of the fuel injection rate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

一种分散式高压共轨系统，包括油箱（1）、燃油输送泵（2）、喷油器（24），油箱（1）与燃油输送泵（2）相连，燃油输送泵（2）与喷油器（24）相连，所述燃油输送泵（2）与数个分散式高压泵（10）相连，数个分散式高压泵（10）分别与数个分散式油轨（19）相连，分散式高压泵（10）上设有出油阀（8）和进油阀（9），每个分散式油轨（19）连接数个喷油器（24）。该共轨系统采用了分散布置方式，通过凸轮轴（11）驱动的高压泵（10）和分散式的共轨管，可以大幅降低柴油机的改造成本并保证零部件的通用性。

Description

分散式高压共轨系统 技术领域
本发明涉及柴油发动机领域，尤其是分散式高压共轨系统。
 背景技术
采用燃油共轨系统代替现有柴油机的电喷单体泵系统可显著的提高喷油压力，改善燃油消耗和颗粒物排放，为进一步优化发动机配气、降低NOx排放提供条件。
典型的柴油机共轨系统由高压泵(共轨泵)，油轨和喷油器组成，高压泵用于提升柴油机压力，通常由柴油机曲轴驱动，需专用的传动齿轮和安装位置；油轨为具有一定容积的金属腔体，用于保持燃油压力；喷油器用于将燃油喷入气缸进行燃烧。
现有柴油机在改造使用时通常需对柴油机机体和齿轮传动系等大部件进行较大改动，改造设计周期长、成本高且会造成新老发动机关键部件不通用。
 技术问题
为了克服现有的共轨泵通用性差的不足，本发明提供了分散式高压共轨系统。
 技术解决方案
为了克服现有的共轨泵通用性差的不足，本发明提供了分散式高压共轨系统。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种分散式高压共轨系统，包括油箱、燃油输送泵、喷油器，油箱与燃油输送泵相连，燃油输送泵与喷油器相连，所述燃油输送泵与数个分散式高压泵相连，数个分散式高压泵分别与数个分散式油轨相连，分散式高压泵上设有出油阀和进油阀，每个分散式油轨连接数个喷油器。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，进一步包括所述分散式高压泵为单柱塞式凸轮泵，数个分散式高压泵连接在凸轮轴上。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，进一步包括所述分散式高压泵的出油口通过高压泵连接管与分配块连接在一起，分配块通过油轨连接管与分散式油轨连接在一起，数个分配块之间通过分配块连接管连接在一起，分配块与限压阀相连。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，进一步包括所述燃油输送泵通过高压泵进油管路连接到分散式高压泵的进油口，分散式高压泵的回油口通过高压泵回油支管连接到高压泵回油管上，高压泵回油管通过回油总管连接到油箱上，高压泵进油管路上连接有燃油入口，高压泵进油管路和进油阀分别连接高压泵进油接头，高压泵回油管和高压泵回油支管分别连接到燃油出口。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，进一步包括所述喷油器通过喷油器回油支管与喷油器回油管路相连，喷油器回油管路连接到回油总管上。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，进一步包括所述分配块通过泄露油收集管路一连接到油箱。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，进一步包括所述分散式油轨通过泄露油收集管路二连接到油箱，泄露油收集管路一和泄露油收集管路二分别连接到高压燃油泄漏检测装置上。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，进一步包括所述分散式油轨通过喷油器高压油管与喷油器相连。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，进一步包括所述喷油器高压油管上安装有喷油器限流阀。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，进一步包括所述高压泵进油管路上安装有燃油滤清器。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是，该发明采用了分散布置方式，通过凸轮轴驱动的高压泵和分散式的共轨管，可以大幅降低柴油机的改造成本并保证零部件的通用性。
 附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的连接线路图。
图中1. 油箱，2. 燃油输送泵，3. 回油总管，4. 燃油滤清器，5. 油轨连接管，6. 分配块，7. 高压泵连接管，8. 出油阀，9. 进油阀，10. 分散式高压泵，11. 凸轮轴，12. 高压泵进油管路，13. 高压泵回油管，14. 分配块连接管，15. 泄露油收集管路一，16. 泄露油收集管路二，17. 高压泵回油支管， 18. 限压阀，19. 分散式油轨，20. 喷油器高压油管，21. 喷油器限流阀，22. 喷油器回油管路，23. 喷油器回油支管，24. 喷油器，25. 燃油入口，26. 燃油出口，27. 高压泵进油接头，28. 高压燃油泄漏检测装置。
 本发明的实施方式
图1是本发明的结构示意图；图2是本发明的连接线路图。
结合附图1和附图2所示，一种分散式高压共轨系统，包括油箱1、燃油输送泵2、喷油器24，油箱1与燃油输送泵2相连，燃油输送泵2与喷油器24相连，所述燃油输送泵2与数个分散式高压泵10相连，数个分散式高压泵10分别与数个分散式油轨19相连，分散式高压泵10上设有出油阀8和进油阀9，每个分散式油轨19连接数个喷油器24。
分散式高压泵10由凸轮轴11驱动，分散式高压泵10的数量通常为发动机气缸总数的1/2~1/3。驱动分散式高压泵10的凸轮轴11上的油泵凸轮为3桃形凸轮，即凸轮轴11每旋转一圈，驱动柱塞泵工作3次。每个高压泵内有一个柱塞，柱塞用于产生高压燃油。出油阀8和进油阀9确保燃油从低压油路吸入并在加压后进入高压系统。分散式油轨19的数量为气缸总数的1/2，为喷油器24提供压力稳定的高压燃油。
分散式高压泵10为单柱塞式凸轮泵，数个分散式高压泵10连接在凸轮轴11上。
分散式高压泵10的出油口通过高压泵连接管7与分配块6连接在一起，分配块6通过油轨连接管5与分散式油轨19连接在一起，数个分配块6之间通过分配块连接管14连接在一起，分配块6与限压阀18相连。
通过油轨连接管5、分配块6、高压泵连接管7，分散式高压泵10产生的高压燃油可被均匀地分配至各个分散式油轨19，油轨间的压力差异也可通过分配块连接管14降低。
燃油输送泵2通过高压泵进油管路12连接到分散式高压泵10的进油口，分散式高压泵10的回油口通过高压泵回油支管17连接到高压泵回油管13上，高压泵回油管13通过回油总管3连接到油箱1上，高压泵进油管路12上连接有燃油入口25。高压泵进油管路12和进油阀9分别连接高压泵进油接头27，高压泵回油管13和高压泵回油支管17分别连接到燃油出口26。
喷油器24通过喷油器回油支管23与喷油器回油管路22相连，喷油器回油管路22连接到回油总管3上。
高压泵进油管路12、高压泵回油管13、喷油器回油管路22负责对燃油进行过滤并将其输送至分散式高压泵10，以及将分散式高压泵10和喷油器24的回油回收至油箱1。
分配块6通过泄露油收集管路一15连接到油箱1。
分散式油轨19通过泄露油收集管路二16连接到油箱1。泄露油收集管路一15和泄露油收集管路二16分别连接到高压燃油泄漏检测装置28上。
泄露油收集管路一15、泄露油收集管路二16用于收集和检测因高压油管破裂或密封失效而泄露的高压燃油。
分散式油轨19通过喷油器高压油管20与喷油器24相连。
喷油器高压油管20上安装有喷油器限流阀21。
高压泵进油管路12上安装有燃油滤清器4。
燃油输送泵2将燃油从油箱1中抽出，燃油经燃油滤清器4过滤后，通过分散式高压泵10的进油阀9进入分散式高压泵10，分散式高压泵10在凸轮轴11驱动下对燃油进行加压，高压燃油经出油阀8后，通过高压泵连接管7进入分配块6，再通过分配块连接管14、其他分配块6和油轨连接管5进入各个分散式油轨19。系统端部分配块上安装有限压阀18，当系统内燃油压力超过限值时阀门将自动打开释放压力。高压燃油在分散式油轨19内储存，在外部的控制下，高压燃油将经喷油器高压油管20进入喷油器24随后定时定量地喷射进发动机气缸。喷油器高压油管上安装有喷油器限流阀21，控制燃油的喷速率的上限。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种分散式高压共轨系统，包括油箱（1）、燃油输送泵（2）、喷油器（24），油箱（1）与燃油输送泵（2）相连，燃油输送泵（2）与喷油器（24）相连，其特征是，所述燃油输送泵（2）与数个分散式高压泵（10）相连，数个分散式高压泵（10）分别与数个分散式油轨（19）相连，分散式高压泵（10）上设有出油阀（8）和进油阀（9），每个分散式油轨（19）连接数个喷油器（24）。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分散式高压共轨系统，其特征是，所述分散式高压泵（10）为单柱塞式凸轮泵，数个分散式高压泵（10）连接在凸轮轴（11）上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的分散式高压共轨系统，其特征是，所述分散式高压泵（10）的出油口通过高压泵连接管（7）与分配块（6）连接在一起，分配块（6）通过油轨连接管（5）与分散式油轨（19）连接在一起，数个分配块（6）之间通过分配块连接管（14）连接在一起，分配块（6）与限压阀（18）相连。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的分散式高压共轨系统，其特征是，所述燃油输送泵（2）通过高压泵进油管路（12）连接到分散式高压泵（10）的进油口，分散式高压泵（10）的回油口通过高压泵回油支管（17）连接到高压泵回油管（13）上，高压泵回油管（13）通过回油总管（3）连接到油箱（1）上，高压泵进油管路（12）上连接有燃油入口（25），高压泵进油管路（12）和进油阀（9）分别连接高压泵进油接头（27），高压泵回油管（13）和高压泵回油支管（17）分别连接到燃油出口（26）。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的分散式高压共轨系统，其特征是，所述喷油器（24）通过喷油器回油支管（23）与喷油器回油管路（22）相连，喷油器回油管路（22）连接到回油总管（3）上。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的分散式高压共轨系统，其特征是，所述分配块（6）通过泄露油收集管路一（15）连接到油箱（1）。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的分散式高压共轨系统，其特征是，所述分散式油轨（19）通过泄露油收集管路二（16）连接到油箱（1），泄露油收集管路一（15）和泄露油收集管路二（16）分别连接到高压燃油泄漏检测装置（28）上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的分散式高压共轨系统，其特征是，所述分散式油轨（19）通过喷油器高压油管（20）与喷油器（24）相连。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的分散式高压共轨系统，其特征是，所述喷油器高压油管（20）上安装有喷油器限流阀（21）。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的分散式高压共轨系统，其特征是，所述高压泵进油管路（12）上安装有燃油滤清器（4）。
PCT/CN2022/142144 2022-11-21 2022-12-27 分散式高压共轨系统 WO2024108722A1 (zh)

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