CN114109628A - 一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置及控制方法 Download PDF

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CN114109628A
CN114109628A CN202111316512.5A CN202111316512A CN114109628A CN 114109628 A CN114109628 A CN 114109628A CN 202111316512 A CN202111316512 A CN 202111316512A CN 114109628 A CN114109628 A CN 114109628A
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纪常伟
洪琛
汪硕峰
杨金鑫
辛固
常珂
孟昊
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置及控制方法属于内燃机领域，具体涉及一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置的系统设计及其液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机运行的控制方法。本发明利用缸内直喷氢内燃机的排气余热和冷却水，提高了氢气的总能量利用率，在换热器中实现了液态氢到气态氢的转换，并将气态氢储存在氢气缓冲槽中，确保了缸内直喷氢内燃机运转所需的氢气供应量，实现了液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机的运行模式；同时，提供了一种液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机运行的控制方法，通过电控单元的具体控制实现了缸内直喷氢内燃机的液氢供氢和整机的稳定运行。

Description

一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置及控制方法
技术领域
本发明提出了一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置及其控制方法，具体涉及一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置的系统设计及其液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机运行的控制方法，属于内燃机领域。
背景技术
在节能和环保的双重压力下，汽车工业面临着巨大的挑战，寻找新型清洁能源势在必行。近年来，世界各国一直在努力加强废气排放法规，解决能源短缺，遏制全球变暖，防止环境污染，内燃机除了面临满足愈发严格的有害排放物法规的挑战，还要面临着CO2法规(燃油经济性)挑战，CO2法规逐步成为推动内燃机技术进步的又一主要因素。
氢能最大的优点在于不含碳，不会产生含碳污染物排放。此外，氢气还具有清洁、持续再生等特点以及用于汽车发动机良好的燃烧性能，有望成为替代传统化石燃料作为车用内燃机的绝佳燃料，而备受人们广泛关注。由于氢气密度小的特性，在尚未具备大规模管道输氢的技术背景下，将氢液化以提高储运和供给效率是最直接有效的方法。相较于高压储运，液氢储运具有运输成本低、氢纯度高、计量方便等优势，更适合大规模部署和输运。此外，通过液氢为氢内燃机供氢的方式显著优于通过气态氢罐为氢内燃机供氢。然而，不同于传统液态燃料，如何能够承接现有的发动机技术并在这些技术的基础上开发适合利用液氢供氢的氢内燃机整机系统，保证/甚至提高发动机性能的同时实现氢内燃机的稳定运行是目前亟需解决的难题。
氢内燃机的供氢方式主要分为进气道喷氢和缸内直喷氢气。相较于进气道喷射氢内燃机，缸内直喷氢内燃机避免了氢气占据气缸工作容积，提高了充量系数，而且可以抑制异常燃烧的发生，但是如何合理进行液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机系统设计及其稳定运行是目前面临的难题。鉴于上述相关问题，本发明提出了一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置及其控制方法，具体涉及一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置的系统设计及其液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机运行的控制方法。本发明利用缸内直喷氢内燃机的排气余热和冷却水，提高了氢气的总能量利用率，在换热器中实现了液态氢到气态氢的转换，并将气态氢储存在氢气缓冲槽中，确保了缸内直喷氢内燃机运转所需的氢气供应量，实现了液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机的运行模式；同时，提供了一种液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机运行的控制方法，通过电控单元的具体控制实现了缸内直喷氢内燃机的液氢供氢和整机的稳定运行。
发明内容
一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置，主要包括液氢罐1、液氢泵2、液氢节流阀3、液氢流量传感器4、液氢管路P1、换热器5、气态氢流入管路P2、入口氢气流量传感器6、35MPa氢气缓冲槽7、气态氢流出管路P3、减压阀8、出口氢气流量传感器9、阻燃阀10、缸内直喷氢内燃机11、冷却水管路P4、冷却水节流阀12、冷却水流量传感器13、排气管路P5、排气温度传感器14、排气流量传感器15、电控单元ECU16；
所述电控单元ECU16接收液氢流量信号b、入口氢气流量信号c、35MPa氢气缓冲槽中氢气的实时压力信号d、冷却水流量信号e、出口氢气流量信号f、缸内直喷氢内燃机所需氢气量信号g、排气流量信号h、排气温度信号i；发出液氢泵的泵送信号a；
基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置及其控制方法：
缸内直喷氢内燃机启动后，电控单元ECU(16)接收缸内直喷氢内燃机所需氢气量信号g，通过液氢泵的泵送信号a控制液氢泵(2)抽取所需氢气量；液氢由液氢管路(P1)依次经过液氢节流阀(3)和液氢流量传感器(4)流入换热器(5)，液氢在换热器(5)中通过与缸内直喷氢内燃机的排气和冷却水的热交换转变为气态氢；缸内直喷氢内燃机的排气由排气管路(P5)依次经过排气温度传感器(14)和排气流量传感器(15)进入换热器，换热过程结束后从换热器流出；缸内直喷氢内燃机的冷却水由冷却水管路(P4)依次经过冷却水节流阀(12)和冷却水流量传感器(13)进入换热器，换热过程结束后由冷却水管路(P4)流回到缸内直喷氢内燃机的冷却系统中；液氢的气化能量来源以排气余热为主，以冷却水为辅，电控单元ECU通过采集缸内直喷氢内燃机所需氢气量信号g、排气流量信号h和排气温度信号i判断排气余热能否满足液氢所需的气化能量，不能满足时剩余所需的气化能量由冷却水提供，电控单元ECU通过计算得到所需冷却水流量，通过冷却水流量信号e控制所需冷却水的流量；气态氢从换热器(5)流出，由气态氢流入管路(P2)经过入口氢气流量传感器(6)流入35MPa氢气缓冲槽(7)；电控单元ECU实时监测35MPa氢气缓冲槽中氢气的实时压力信号d，通过35MPa氢气缓冲槽中氢气的实时压力信号d和液氢泵的泵送信号a实时调控35MPa氢气缓冲槽中储存的氢气量并控制液氢泵抽取的氢气量；气态氢从35MPa氢气缓冲槽(7)流出，由气态氢流出管路(P3)依次经过减压阀(8)、出口氢气流量传感器(9)和阻燃阀(10)为缸内直喷氢内燃机供给所需氢气量。
本发明的有益效果主要是：利用缸内直喷氢内燃机的排气余热和冷却水，提高了氢气的总能量利用率，在换热器中实现了液态氢到气态氢的转换，并将气态氢储存在氢气缓冲槽中，确保了缸内直喷氢内燃机运转所需的氢气供应量，实现了液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机的运行模式；同时，提供了一种液氢供氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机运行的控制方法，通过电控单元的具体控制实现了缸内直喷氢内燃机的液氢供氢和整机的稳定运行。
附图说明
图1.基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置系统原理图
图中：1、液氢罐，2、液氢泵，P1、液氢管路，3、液氢节流阀，4、液氢流量传感器，5、换热器，P2、气态氢流入管路，6、入口氢气流量传感器，7、35MPa氢气缓冲槽，P3、气态氢流出管路，8、减压阀，9、出口氢气流量传感器，10、阻燃阀，11、缸内直喷氢内燃机，P4、冷却水管路，12、冷却水节流阀，13、冷却水流量传感器，P5、排气管路，14、排气温度传感器，15、排气流量传感器，16、电控单元ECU；
a、液氢泵的泵送信号，b、液氢流量信号，c、入口氢气流量信号，d、35MPa氢气缓冲槽中氢气的实时压力信号，e、冷却水流量信号，f、出口氢气流量信号，g、缸内直喷氢内燃机所需氢气量信号，h、排气流量信号，i、排气温度信号。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对于本发明做进一步的说明：
缸内直喷氢内燃机启动后，电控单元ECU16接收缸内直喷氢内燃机所需氢气量信号g，通过液氢泵的泵送信号a控制液氢泵2抽取所需氢气量；液氢由液氢管路P1依次经过液氢节流阀3和液氢流量传感器4流入换热器5，液氢在换热器5中通过与缸内直喷氢内燃机的排气和冷却水的热交换转变为气态氢；缸内直喷氢内燃机的排气由排气管路P5依次经过排气温度传感器14和排气流量传感器15进入换热器，换热过程结束后从换热器流出；缸内直喷氢内燃机的冷却水由冷却水管路P4依次经过冷却水节流阀12和冷却水流量传感器13进入换热器，换热过程结束后由冷却水管路P4流回到缸内直喷氢内燃机的冷却系统中；液氢的气化能量来源以排气余热为主，以冷却水为辅，电控单元ECU通过采集缸内直喷氢内燃机所需氢气量信号g、排气流量信号h和排气温度信号i判断排气余热能否满足液氢所需的气化能量，不能满足时剩余所需的气化能量由冷却水提供，电控单元ECU通过计算得到所需冷却水流量，通过冷却水流量信号e控制所需冷却水的流量；气态氢从换热器5流出，由气态氢流入管路P2经过入口氢气流量传感器6流入35MPa氢气缓冲槽7；电控单元ECU实时监测35MPa氢气缓冲槽中氢气的实时压力信号d，通过35MPa氢气缓冲槽中氢气的实时压力信号d和液氢泵的泵送信号a实时调控35MPa氢气缓冲槽中储存的氢气量并控制液氢泵抽取的氢气量；气态氢从35MPa氢气缓冲槽7流出，由气态氢流出管路P3依次经过减压阀8、出口氢气流量传感器9和阻燃阀10为缸内直喷氢内燃机供给所需氢气量。

Claims (2)

1.一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置，液氢管路(P1)，其上有液氢节流阀(3)、液氢流量传感器(4)；气态氢流入管路(P2)，其上有入口氢气流量传感器(6)；气态氢流出管路(P3)，其上有减压阀(8)、出口氢气流量传感器(9)、阻燃阀(10)；冷却水管路(P4)，其上有冷却水节流阀(12)、冷却水流量传感器(13)；排气管路(P5)，其上有排气温度传感器(14)、排气流量传感器(15)；液氢罐(1)、液氢泵(2)、换热器(5)、35MPa氢气缓冲槽(7)、缸内直喷氢内燃机(11)、电控单元ECU(16)；
所述电控单元ECU(16)与液氢泵(2)相连接并通过液氢泵的泵送信号a控制液氢泵抽取液氢；
所述电控单元ECU(16)与液氢流量传感器(4)相连接并获得液氢流量信号b；
所述电控单元ECU(16)与入口氢气流量传感器(6)相连接并获得入口氢气流量信号c；
所述电控单元ECU(16)与35MPa氢气缓冲槽(7)相连接并获得35MPa氢气缓冲槽中氢气的实时压力信号d；
所述电控单元ECU(16)与冷却水流量传感器(13)相连接并获得冷却水流量信号e；
所述电控单元ECU(16)与出口氢气流量传感器(9)相连接并获得出口氢气流量信号f；
所述电控单元ECU(16)与缸内直喷氢内燃机(11)相连接并获得缸内直喷氢内燃机所需氢气量信号g；
所述电控单元ECU(16)与排气流量传感器(15)相连接并获得排气流量信号h；
所述电控单元ECU(16)与排气温度传感器(14)相连接并获得排气温度信号i。
2.控制如权利要求1所述的一种基于液氢的缸内直喷氢内燃机升压氢气装置的方法，其特征在于：
缸内直喷氢内燃机启动后，电控单元ECU(16)接收缸内直喷氢内燃机所需氢气量信号g，通过液氢泵的泵送信号a控制液氢泵(2)抽取所需氢气量；液氢由液氢管路(P1)经过液氢节流阀(3)和液氢流量传感器(4)流入换热器(5)，液氢在换热器(5)中通过与缸内直喷氢内燃机的排气和冷却水的热交换转变为气态氢；缸内直喷氢内燃机的排气由排气管路(P5)经过排气温度传感器(14)和排气流量传感器(15)进入换热器，换热过程结束后从换热器流出；缸内直喷氢内燃机的冷却水由冷却水管路(P4)经过冷却水节流阀(12)和冷却水流量传感器(13)进入换热器，换热过程结束后由冷却水管路(P4)流回到缸内直喷氢内燃机的冷却系统中；液氢的气化能量来源以排气余热为主，以冷却水为辅，电控单元ECU通过采集缸内直喷氢内燃机所需氢气量信号g、排气流量信号h和排气温度信号i判断排气余热能否满足液氢所需的气化能量，不能满足时剩余所需的气化能量由冷却水提供，电控单元ECU通过计算得到所需冷却水流量，通过冷却水流量信号e控制所需冷却水的流量；气态氢从换热器(5)流出，由气态氢流入管路(P2)经过入口氢气流量传感器(6)流入35MPa氢气缓冲槽(7)；电控单元ECU实时监测35MPa氢气缓冲槽中氢气的实时压力信号d，通过35MPa氢气缓冲槽中氢气的实时压力信号d和液氢泵的泵送信号a实时调控35MPa氢气缓冲槽中储存的氢气量并控制液氢泵抽取的氢气量；气态氢从35MPa氢气缓冲槽(7)流出，由气态氢流出管路(P3)经过减压阀(8)、出口氢气流量传感器(9)和阻燃阀(10)为缸内直喷氢内燃机供给所需氢气量。
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