WO2024099483A1 - Connection for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current in inverters converting direct current into alternating current and connected to local electrical circuits - Google Patents

Connection for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current in inverters converting direct current into alternating current and connected to local electrical circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024099483A1
WO2024099483A1 PCT/CZ2022/050127 CZ2022050127W WO2024099483A1 WO 2024099483 A1 WO2024099483 A1 WO 2024099483A1 CZ 2022050127 W CZ2022050127 W CZ 2022050127W WO 2024099483 A1 WO2024099483 A1 WO 2024099483A1
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Prior art keywords
local
electrical energy
current
electrical
electricity
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PCT/CZ2022/050127
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French (fr)
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David Beran
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David Beran
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Publication of WO2024099483A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024099483A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/003—Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/004—Generation forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future energy generation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a connection for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current within a system of a centralised intelligent management of renewable energy sources and electrical energy storage systems being mentioned as the intelligent energy management system, which is used to effectively control local renewable energy sources and electrical energy storage, to reach an optimal consumption and electrical energy supply from or to a distribution network, and to accumulate electrical energy in storage systems in relation to households, companies, organisations and any buildings.
  • the present-day electricity power system represents a centralised solution, where there are electrical energy sources on the one hand, as, for instance, nuclear power stations, thermal power stations, gas power stations, photovoltaic power stations, wind power plants or hydro-electricity power plants and other plants used to produce electrical energy, and transmission and distribution network on the other hand, at the end of which electrical energy consumers are connected, whether it goes to households or industrial or other companies and organisations.
  • the overall electricity distribution network has to be well-balanced, which means that immediate electrical energy consumption must correspond to immediate quantity of energy produced. If there is a pronounced difference between quantities of produced and consumed electrical energy, it could overload the transmission and distribution network, optionally ending with collapse that could result in extensive outage of electrical energy supply - a so called "blackout", which could take several hours to several days.
  • battery storage is gaining in importance for the purpose of storing excess electrical energy produced using renewable sources, especially photovoltaic and wind power plants, so that it can be used later at the time of its consumption.
  • a typical example of the application of such battery storage is the combination with a photovoltaic power plant, whereby electricity produced in times of low or zero consumption is stored and therefore subsequently used in times of increased consumption and low production, such as in the evening or at night.
  • these battery systems are currently managed only locally, are closed and limited to cover the needs of a given household, business or organisation. At the same time, these battery storage systems cannot assess the state of the network or be managed based on data on the total consumption and demand of electricity.
  • the component is an EMS control unit or Energy Management System.
  • the EMS control unit only collects information concerning the load and monitors whether the entire system is connected to the electrical distribution network, i.e. the so-called “on-grid” or it is disconnected from the distribution network and functions as a closed system, i.e. the so-called "off-grid", when in the case of an off-grid connection, it redirects electrical energy from the battery system to cover local consumption or assesses local data and controls local system settings.
  • the major difference regarding the invention in comparison with the current state of the art is the prediction of the development of the state of the distribution network and the reaction of the connection to a change in the state of the distribution network, either in real time or in a certain time, based on the assessment of collected data and the search for the most optimal way of handling electricity with regard to user preferences, i.e. user settings of a local power plant or local storage, using artificial intelligence.
  • the main advantage brought by the invention is the possibility of predicting the state of the distribution network and the price of electricity over time and stabilising the distribution network in times of high levels of imbalance in the supply and consumption of electricity by optimising the control of the electricity flow between the distribution network and electricity storage and other consumers connected to local electrical circuits.
  • the invention enables far better and more efficient management of local sources and storages according to the preferences set by the user, i.e. user settings, ensuring the necessary reserve capacity of electricity and, last but not least, reducing electricity costs by optimising the consumption and supply of electricity from or to the distribution network at a time of favourable electricity prices.
  • connection principle is based on the collection of local data from local control units, local energy sources and local energy storage, their joint processing and assessment with global data and other technical and user data on the central control unit, generation of control instructions by the central control unit and sending control instructions to local control units to optimise the consumption and electrical energy supply from or into the distribution network, and the accumulation of electrical energy in storage in real or defined time, in accordance with the user settings of local power plants and local storage.
  • the local source or local storage is directly controlled by the local control unit, which can be an internal or external part of the current inverter or other related technical equipment or a separate related technical device of an equipment system, either according to the control instructions received from the central control unit or according to the basic technical and user settings stored in the local control unit if no current control instructions are available.
  • the invention's exclusivity and the its resulting advantages consist in the distributed interconnection of individual local sources of electrical energy and local storage and their remote central control used to redirect the electrical energy flow, accumulate or release electrical energy to or from individual electrical energy storage facilities.
  • Such control ensures optimising the functionality of individual electrical energy sources and electrical energy storage as well as their systems as a whole, i.e. of local electrical energy sources and local electrical energy storage, makes it possible to adapt the operation of local electrical energy sources and local electrical energy storage to the needs of individual users, to reduce individual users costs regarding electrical energy, and last but not least, this contributes to the distribution and transmission system's stabilisation by balancing the consumption and supply of electrical energy from or to the distribution network.
  • connection is applied on a global scale with sources of a decisive total installed power according to the invention as part of an intelligent energy management system, it enables the efficient regulation and stabilisation of the distribution and transmission system. It especially makes it possible to stabilise the electrical network of the distribution and transmission system at a time when more and more renewable energy sources with non-constant power are connected, particularly wind and photovoltaic power plants.
  • the connection according to the invention is capable of controlling electrical energy accumulation in individual local storages from a global viewpoint. With regard to users, the invention enables much better and more efficient management of local electricity sources and electricity storage, whether it is households, businesses, organisations or large electricity producers.
  • the intelligent energy management system's main elements are the central control unit and the local control unit.
  • the central control unit intervenes in controlling the electricity flow across the individual local power plant devices or local storage and the distribution network, i.e. it mainly regulates the electricity consumption and delivery from or to the distribution network, and electrical energy accumulation in electrical energy storages, through generated control instructions. Controlling individual local power plant devices or local storage is directly ensured by the local control unit.
  • the local control unit can be an internal or external component of a direct current to alternating current inverter and vice versa, as well as a component for another related technical device or a separate related technical device of a system of devices.
  • the local control unit controls individual devices either according to the control instructions received from the central control unit or stored in the local control unit according to the basic technical and user settings, if no current control instructions are available.
  • the local control unit can be connected to the central control unit through a physical transmission medium of information signals, such as telecommunications cables, wirelessly through electromagnetic waves or both simultaneously.
  • the local control unit is understood as a microprocessor control unit enabling regulation and control of the facility's energy security system, i.e. electrical energy sources, electrical energy storage and other related technical equipment, specifically modified for the purpose of optimising its performance and energy demand, modified for the purpose of optimising its function and electricity consumption.
  • the local control unit collects, stores and sends local data to the central control unit, receives and stores control instructions from the central control unit and provides control, i.e. regulation and control of the local power plant or local storage, i.e. the change of one or more activities performed by individual local power plant devices or local storage, according to the control instructions received from the central control unit or in accordance with the basic technical and user settings for the local power plant or local storage.
  • the activities carried out include: a) electrical energy accumulation produced by local sources of electrical energy in electrical energy storage, i.e. for example charging batteries using electrical energy produced by local sources, b) electrical energy accumulation from the distribution network in electrical energy storage, for example, electricity consumption from the distribution network to charge batteries, c) consumption, i.e. consumption of electricity produced by local electricity sources to cover the immediate load, i.e. the user's immediate need for electricity, d) consumption, i.e. accumulated electrical energy consumption from electrical energy storage to cover the immediate load, i.e. the user's immediate electrical energy needs, e) consumption, i.e. electrical energy consumption from the distribution network to cover the immediate load, i.e.
  • the user's immediate electrical energy needs f) sale, i.e. electricity supply produced by local sources of electricity to the distribution network, g) sale, i.e. electricity supply accumulated in electrical energy storage facilities for the distribution network, h) disconnection of a local power plant or local storage from the distribution network, i) shutdown of a local electricity energy source and electricity consumption from the distribution network, j) disconnection of the local source from the distribution network.
  • the local control unit ensures the autonomous control of the local power plant or local storage, according to the latest control instructions sent in advance from the central control unit and stored in the local control unit or in accordance with the basic technical and user settings stored in the local control unit if no current control instructions are available.
  • the central control unit means a server that collects, gathers, processes and stores local data from local control units, global data and other technical and user data, which can either be collected separately by the central control unit or directly entered or sent to central control units.
  • the central control unit's aim is to forecast as accurately as possible, based on the analysis and assessment of available local and global data and other technical and user data, including collected and stored historical local and global data on the production, consumption and price of electricity over time depending on weather conditions, the price, production and consumption of electrical energy over time, to search for the best way for individual specific local power plants and local storage to deal with electrical energy produced by local sources, accumulated in storage or taken from the distribution network in order to optimise the electrical energy consumption and supply from or to the distribution network, the accumulation of electrical energy in the storage, thereby minimising costs or maximising users profit, in accordance with the user settings of local power plants and local storages.
  • the central control unit Based on the assessment of local and global data and other technical and user data and depending on the user settings of local power plants and local storages, the central control unit generates the corresponding control instructions specific to specific individual local power plants and local storages and sends these control instructions to the corresponding local control units.
  • the main central control unit is capable of monitoring the load of the electrical transmission and distribution system and reacting to increased load, i.e.
  • Part of the central control unit is a programme that searches for the best way of controlling the direction and magnitude of the electrical current in the inverters connected to the respective local electrical circuit using mathematical models of machine learning, i.e. artificial intelligence.
  • the artificial intelligence retrospectively compares the predicted results of the search for the best way of controlling the direction and magnitude of the electrical current in the inverters connected to the respective local electrical circuits with the real results obtained as feedback from the connection, whereby it learns, therefore adjusting the algorithms for finding the best way of controlling the direction and magnitude of the electrical current in the inverters connected to the respective local electrical circuit.
  • control instructions mean commands generated by the central control unit specifically for a specific local power plant or local storage and in accordance with the local power plant's user settings or local storage based on the results of processing collected data, i.e. local data, global data and other technical and user data, and state prediction and sent by the central control unit to the corresponding local power plant's local control unit or local storage.
  • the basic types of control instructions are the following: a) storage charging from the distribution network - consumption, i.e. electricity consumption from the distribution network and its accumulation in electricity storage in a defined or real time for a specified time period, b) storage charging from the distribution network - consumption, i.e.
  • control instructions are the following: h) disconnection or connection of electrical energy source from or to the distribution network, i) disconnection or connection of electrical energy storage from or to the distribution network, g) disconnection or connection of the entire system of local power plant or local storage equipment from or to the distribution network - converting the system into off-grid or on-grid mode, k) turning the electricity source off and taking electricity from the distribution network.
  • local data is primarily understood as current and historical data on the local production of electricity by local sources over time, such as, for example, the performance and efficiency of electricity sources at a certain time; current and historical data on local electricity consumption over time, such as, for example, the user's total consumption at a certain time, consumption by individual electrical circuits at a certain time; further, current and historical data on the total and available capacity of individual electrical energy storage facilities, as well as current and historical data on the technical condition of local power plants and local storage facilities and their individual equipment, such as possible outages from the distribution network, system element malfunctions, technical condition of individual storage facilities, data on the collection point and the collection point load; further, current and historical data on the state, i.e.
  • one or more activities performed by the local power plant or local storage facilities at a certain time where the state or performed activities are in particular: a) electrical energy production, i.e. the output of electrical energy sources, b) electrical energy accumulation produced by local electrical energy sources in electrical energy storage, for example, charging batteries using electrical energy produced by local sources, c) electrical energy accumulation from the distribution network in electrical energy storage, for example, electricity consumption from the distribution network to charge batteries, d) consumption, i.e. accumulated electrical energy consumption from electrical energy storage systems to cover the immediate load, i.e. the user's immediate need for electricity, e) consumption, i.e. electricity consumption from the distribution network to cover the immediate load, i.e.
  • global data is primarily understood as the state, operation, variability, field, extremes and forecast of individual meteorological elements and weather, including special forecasts, such as special forecasts for energy, synoptic situations, atmospheric phenomena and other data for forecasting production, consumption and electricity prices, such as speed and direction of flow, intensity and spectrum of solar radiation, cloud cover, amount of precipitation, temperature, season, price of electrical energy on the stock exchange, as well as the electricity supplier's current and expected price, also data on the status of distribution and transmission systems, such as the production and consumption imbalance of electricity, congestion and network outages, as well as data on the current and expected electricity production and consumption in individual territorial units and regions, data on the supply, demand and availability of energy sources and fuels in individual territorial units and regions, and other data and information influencing the development of the electricity price, production and consumption, including industrial, climatic, economic, social and political factors.
  • global data is primarily understood as the state, operation, variability, field, extremes and forecast of individual meteorological elements and weather, including special forecasts, such as special forecasts for energy, syn
  • other technical and user data are mainly understood as the basic technical and local power plant or local storage user settings, data on the point of electricity consumption, particularly the distribution rate, mass remote control data, data on the total maximum load and maximum load of individual circuits, as well as specific data, characteristics and parameters of the local power plant or local storage and their individual equipment, such as the local power plant's exact location, roof slope, the slope and orientation of the photovoltaic panels, battery life, battery life status, battery charging and discharging speed, battery charge level over a certain period, efficiency of individual electrical energy sources, specific data and parameters of optional or additional devices.
  • further technical and user data hereinafter referred to as "further technical and user data”.
  • user settings are defined as individual parameters of the functionality of the local power plant or local storage, set by the user, such as time, volume of electricity sales to the distribution network, time, charge level of the electrical energy storage, maximum free capacity of the electrical energy storage.
  • the user is understood as the owner or operator of a local power plant or local storage managed according to the invention.
  • user hereinafter referred to as "user”.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system of three local electrical circuits, whereby each contains as a source of electrical energy 9 a set of photovoltaic sources, possibly in combination with a set of sources of wind power plants.
  • These electrical energy sources 9 are by means of direct current flows 4 connected to inverters 1, whose direct current parts are in turn bidirectionally connected by means of direct current flows 4 to respective local electric current storage systems 8.
  • Alternating current parts of inverters j_ are by means of alternating current flows 5 bidirectionally connected to the distribution or transmission network 7.
  • Alternating parts of two of the three inverters 1_ are by means of the alternating current flows 5 connected to consumers 10 connected to the respective local electrical circuits.
  • Individual inverters j_ are also bidirectionally connected by means of data flows 6 to the respective local control units 2, which in turn are bidirectionally connected by means of data flow 6 to the central control unit 3, which is bidirectionally connected by means of data flow 6 to the Internet 12 and to which data flows 11 of other n-connections are connected.
  • This specific connection according to the invention achieves all the above-mentioned advantages, which particularly include the possibility of predicting the distribution network's state and electricity prices over time, as well as stabilising distribution network in times of high levels of imbalance in electricity supply and consumption by optimising the control of the electricity flow between distribution network and electrical energy storage and other appliances connected to local electrical circuits.
  • connection according to the invention can be used to effectively manage electrical energy sources, electrical energy storage and, by combining them, optimise the collection and supply of electrical energy from or to the distribution network, and accumulate electrical energy in electrical energy storage for the purpose of minimising electrical energy costs or to maximise profit from electricity sales when trading in electricity, as well as creating and managing reserve capacities of electricity, etc.
  • the connection according to the invention can be applied in a household, business, organisation or any building. This connection is primarily intended for controlling local renewable energy sources, but can also be applied to control local systems of equipment including conventional electricity sources, such as an electric generator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

Connection for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current in inverters converting direct current into alternating current and vice versa and connected to local electrical circuits of households, businesses, factories and photovoltaic and wind farms, consisting in that the inverters, connected to at least one of the local electric energy storage systems of the relevant local electric circuit, possibly connected to at least one of the electrical energy sources of the relevant local electric circuit and connected to the distribution or transmission system, are connected to the relevant local control units, which are connected to the central control unit via telecommunication channels, with the central control unit providing control of the conversion of direct current into alternating current and vice versa and control of the magnitude and direction of the flow of electrical energy between local electrical circuits and the distribution or transmission system in inverters.

Description

Connection for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current in inverters converting direct current into alternating current and connected to local electrical circuits
Invention field
The invention relates to a connection for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current within a system of a centralised intelligent management of renewable energy sources and electrical energy storage systems being mentioned as the intelligent energy management system, which is used to effectively control local renewable energy sources and electrical energy storage, to reach an optimal consumption and electrical energy supply from or to a distribution network, and to accumulate electrical energy in storage systems in relation to households, companies, organisations and any buildings.
The invention's background
The present-day electricity power system represents a centralised solution, where there are electrical energy sources on the one hand, as, for instance, nuclear power stations, thermal power stations, gas power stations, photovoltaic power stations, wind power plants or hydro-electricity power plants and other plants used to produce electrical energy, and transmission and distribution network on the other hand, at the end of which electrical energy consumers are connected, whether it goes to households or industrial or other companies and organisations. The overall electricity distribution network has to be well-balanced, which means that immediate electrical energy consumption must correspond to immediate quantity of energy produced. If there is a pronounced difference between quantities of produced and consumed electrical energy, it could overload the transmission and distribution network, optionally ending with collapse that could result in extensive outage of electrical energy supply - a so called "blackout", which could take several hours to several days.
Conventional power plants make it possible to regulate output quicker, and in the event of an increase in consumption, or conversely, in the event of excessive electricity production, to increase or decrease their output quicker. However, the risk of more frequent blackouts is currently increasing due to the increasingly extensive use of renewable energy sources with non-constant and unregulated power. These are primarily photovoltaic power plants that use solar radiation to produce electricity or wind power plants that uses the wind's kinetic energy to produce electricity. The performance of such power plants is dependent on immediate weather conditions, especially wind speed, cloudiness, intensity and the spectrum of solar radiation. Under suitable conditions, such as high solar intensity, high wind speed, a more excessive amount of electricity is produced, while under unfavourable conditions, such as low solar intensity, low wind speed, low to insufficient electrical energy is produced. Similar fluctuations in the performance of devices using renewable energy sources complicate the maintenance of the balance between the production and consumption of electrical energy and therefore threaten the stability of the transmission and distribution system's electrical grid. The development of electro -mobility increases the imbalance between production and consumption even further. Mass charging of electric cars also increases the load on the grid, reducing its stability and increasing the risk of blackouts.
At this time, the use of battery storage is gaining in importance for the purpose of storing excess electrical energy produced using renewable sources, especially photovoltaic and wind power plants, so that it can be used later at the time of its consumption. A typical example of the application of such battery storage is the combination with a photovoltaic power plant, whereby electricity produced in times of low or zero consumption is stored and therefore subsequently used in times of increased consumption and low production, such as in the evening or at night. However, these battery systems are currently managed only locally, are closed and limited to cover the needs of a given household, business or organisation. At the same time, these battery storage systems cannot assess the state of the network or be managed based on data on the total consumption and demand of electricity. In the event that a photovoltaic or wind power plant produces a larger amount of electricity than is immediately consumed, this energy is stored in battery storage. If the produced quantity exceeds the battery storage capacity, the excess electrical energy is sold to the distribution network, and this again increases the imbalance between production and consumption. Such a control system is passive and is completely dependent on the weather conditions, the size of the battery storage used and the total consumption of the given consumer.
When installing renewable or reserve energy sources, it is an invertor of alternating current into direct one, which is currently used for such a passive management system, whereby the component is an EMS control unit or Energy Management System. The EMS control unit only collects information concerning the load and monitors whether the entire system is connected to the electrical distribution network, i.e. the so-called "on-grid" or it is disconnected from the distribution network and functions as a closed system, i.e. the so-called "off-grid", when in the case of an off-grid connection, it redirects electrical energy from the battery system to cover local consumption or assesses local data and controls local system settings.
Principal drawbacks of the prior art systems consist in the fact that the present-day systems managed by the EMS control units function according to pre-set static parameters, for example, they do not assess external data and the current situation in the distribution network, changes in the weather or, for example, electricity prices, and therefore do not foresee the future development of the situation in the distribution network and are therefore unable to adapt their function to the system of renewable energy sources or battery storage of energy based on a change in the current situation or based on a forecast regarding the future situation in the distribution network. This ultimately leads to an increase in the instability of the distribution network and its overload.
The drawbacks of the passive management process and up to now process of the organisation of the electric power system are into a considerable degree eliminated with a connection according to the invention for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current in invertors converting direct current into alternating one and connected to local electrical circuits.
Invention summary
Connection for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current in inverters converting direct current into alternating current and vice versa and connected to local electrical circuits for households, businesses, factories and photovoltaic and wind farms, whereby the substance consists in that the inverters, connected to at least one of the local electrical energy storage systems of the respective local electrical circuit, possibly connected to at least one of the sources of electrical energy of the respective local electrical circuit and connected to the distribution or transmission system, are connected to the respective local control units, possibly connected to the Internet, and local control units are connected via telecommunications channels to a central control unit, which, using artificial intelligence, provides through control instructions generated based on the assessment of collected data related to the current energy situation in the distribution or transmission network and in local electrical circuits and broadcast to the local control units control of the conversion of direct current into alternating current and vice versa and control of the magnitude and direction of the electrical current between the local electrical circuits and the distribution or transmission system in the inverters connected to the local electrical circuits.
The major difference regarding the invention in comparison with the current state of the art is the prediction of the development of the state of the distribution network and the reaction of the connection to a change in the state of the distribution network, either in real time or in a certain time, based on the assessment of collected data and the search for the most optimal way of handling electricity with regard to user preferences, i.e. user settings of a local power plant or local storage, using artificial intelligence. The main advantage brought by the invention is the possibility of predicting the state of the distribution network and the price of electricity over time and stabilising the distribution network in times of high levels of imbalance in the supply and consumption of electricity by optimising the control of the electricity flow between the distribution network and electricity storage and other consumers connected to local electrical circuits. For users, whether they are households, businesses, organisations or large electricity producers, the invention enables far better and more efficient management of local sources and storages according to the preferences set by the user, i.e. user settings, ensuring the necessary reserve capacity of electricity and, last but not least, reducing electricity costs by optimising the consumption and supply of electricity from or to the distribution network at a time of favourable electricity prices.
According to the invention the connection principle is based on the collection of local data from local control units, local energy sources and local energy storage, their joint processing and assessment with global data and other technical and user data on the central control unit, generation of control instructions by the central control unit and sending control instructions to local control units to optimise the consumption and electrical energy supply from or into the distribution network, and the accumulation of electrical energy in storage in real or defined time, in accordance with the user settings of local power plants and local storage. The local source or local storage is directly controlled by the local control unit, which can be an internal or external part of the current inverter or other related technical equipment or a separate related technical device of an equipment system, either according to the control instructions received from the central control unit or according to the basic technical and user settings stored in the local control unit if no current control instructions are available.
The invention's exclusivity and the its resulting advantages consist in the distributed interconnection of individual local sources of electrical energy and local storage and their remote central control used to redirect the electrical energy flow, accumulate or release electrical energy to or from individual electrical energy storage facilities. Such control ensures optimising the functionality of individual electrical energy sources and electrical energy storage as well as their systems as a whole, i.e. of local electrical energy sources and local electrical energy storage, makes it possible to adapt the operation of local electrical energy sources and local electrical energy storage to the needs of individual users, to reduce individual users costs regarding electrical energy, and last but not least, this contributes to the distribution and transmission system's stabilisation by balancing the consumption and supply of electrical energy from or to the distribution network. If the connection is applied on a global scale with sources of a decisive total installed power according to the invention as part of an intelligent energy management system, it enables the efficient regulation and stabilisation of the distribution and transmission system. It especially makes it possible to stabilise the electrical network of the distribution and transmission system at a time when more and more renewable energy sources with non-constant power are connected, particularly wind and photovoltaic power plants. At the same time, the connection according to the invention is capable of controlling electrical energy accumulation in individual local storages from a global viewpoint. With regard to users, the invention enables much better and more efficient management of local electricity sources and electricity storage, whether it is households, businesses, organisations or large electricity producers. The intelligent energy management system's main elements are the central control unit and the local control unit. The central control unit intervenes in controlling the electricity flow across the individual local power plant devices or local storage and the distribution network, i.e. it mainly regulates the electricity consumption and delivery from or to the distribution network, and electrical energy accumulation in electrical energy storages, through generated control instructions. Controlling individual local power plant devices or local storage is directly ensured by the local control unit. The local control unit can be an internal or external component of a direct current to alternating current inverter and vice versa, as well as a component for another related technical device or a separate related technical device of a system of devices. The local control unit controls individual devices either according to the control instructions received from the central control unit or stored in the local control unit according to the basic technical and user settings, if no current control instructions are available. The local control unit can be connected to the central control unit through a physical transmission medium of information signals, such as telecommunications cables, wirelessly through electromagnetic waves or both simultaneously.
In the context of this invention, the local control unit is understood as a microprocessor control unit enabling regulation and control of the facility's energy security system, i.e. electrical energy sources, electrical energy storage and other related technical equipment, specifically modified for the purpose of optimising its performance and energy demand, modified for the purpose of optimising its function and electricity consumption. For a specified time period, the local control unit collects, stores and sends local data to the central control unit, receives and stores control instructions from the central control unit and provides control, i.e. regulation and control of the local power plant or local storage, i.e. the change of one or more activities performed by individual local power plant devices or local storage, according to the control instructions received from the central control unit or in accordance with the basic technical and user settings for the local power plant or local storage. The activities carried out include: a) electrical energy accumulation produced by local sources of electrical energy in electrical energy storage, i.e. for example charging batteries using electrical energy produced by local sources, b) electrical energy accumulation from the distribution network in electrical energy storage, for example, electricity consumption from the distribution network to charge batteries, c) consumption, i.e. consumption of electricity produced by local electricity sources to cover the immediate load, i.e. the user's immediate need for electricity, d) consumption, i.e. accumulated electrical energy consumption from electrical energy storage to cover the immediate load, i.e. the user's immediate electrical energy needs, e) consumption, i.e. electrical energy consumption from the distribution network to cover the immediate load, i.e. the user's immediate electrical energy needs, f) sale, i.e. electricity supply produced by local sources of electricity to the distribution network, g) sale, i.e. electricity supply accumulated in electrical energy storage facilities for the distribution network, h) disconnection of a local power plant or local storage from the distribution network, i) shutdown of a local electricity energy source and electricity consumption from the distribution network, j) disconnection of the local source from the distribution network. In the event of a failure of the communication connection between the local control unit and the central control unit, the local control unit ensures the autonomous control of the local power plant or local storage, according to the latest control instructions sent in advance from the central control unit and stored in the local control unit or in accordance with the basic technical and user settings stored in the local control unit if no current control instructions are available.
In the context of this invention, the central control unit means a server that collects, gathers, processes and stores local data from local control units, global data and other technical and user data, which can either be collected separately by the central control unit or directly entered or sent to central control units. The central control unit's aim is to forecast as accurately as possible, based on the analysis and assessment of available local and global data and other technical and user data, including collected and stored historical local and global data on the production, consumption and price of electricity over time depending on weather conditions, the price, production and consumption of electrical energy over time, to search for the best way for individual specific local power plants and local storage to deal with electrical energy produced by local sources, accumulated in storage or taken from the distribution network in order to optimise the electrical energy consumption and supply from or to the distribution network, the accumulation of electrical energy in the storage, thereby minimising costs or maximising users profit, in accordance with the user settings of local power plants and local storages. Based on the assessment of local and global data and other technical and user data and depending on the user settings of local power plants and local storages, the central control unit generates the corresponding control instructions specific to specific individual local power plants and local storages and sends these control instructions to the corresponding local control units. The main central control unit is capable of monitoring the load of the electrical transmission and distribution system and reacting to increased load, i.e. the imbalance of production and consumption of electrical energy, by the consumption or supply of electrical energy from or to the distribution network by using the available capacity of local resources and storage for the purpose of stabilising the electrical network of the transmission and distribution system, if this is not at the expense of the preferences of individual users or it is in accordance with the user settings of local power plants and local storages, and with regard to immediate and predicted local consumption based on collected historical data. Part of the central control unit is a programme that searches for the best way of controlling the direction and magnitude of the electrical current in the inverters connected to the respective local electrical circuit using mathematical models of machine learning, i.e. artificial intelligence. The artificial intelligence retrospectively compares the predicted results of the search for the best way of controlling the direction and magnitude of the electrical current in the inverters connected to the respective local electrical circuits with the real results obtained as feedback from the connection, whereby it learns, therefore adjusting the algorithms for finding the best way of controlling the direction and magnitude of the electrical current in the inverters connected to the respective local electrical circuit.
In the context of this invention, control instructions mean commands generated by the central control unit specifically for a specific local power plant or local storage and in accordance with the local power plant's user settings or local storage based on the results of processing collected data, i.e. local data, global data and other technical and user data, and state prediction and sent by the central control unit to the corresponding local power plant's local control unit or local storage. The basic types of control instructions are the following: a) storage charging from the distribution network - consumption, i.e. electricity consumption from the distribution network and its accumulation in electricity storage in a defined or real time for a specified time period, b) storage charging from the distribution network - consumption, i.e. the electricity consumption from the distribution network and its accumulation in electricity storage facilities in a defined or real time to a specified level of charge of the electricity storage capacity, c) sale, i.e. electricity supply produced by electricity sources to the distribution network in a defined or real time after a specified period, d) sale, i.e. the electrical energy supply produced by electrical energy sources to the distribution network in a defined or real time until the specified level of electrical energy storage charging capacity is reached, e) sale, i.e. the supply of electrical energy accumulated in electrical energy storages to the distribution network in a defined or real time for a specified period of time, f) sale, i.e. electrical energy supply accumulated in electrical energy storages to the distribution network in a defined or real time until the specified level of electrical energy storage charging capacity is reached, g) no action - the system is controlled autonomously according to basic technical and user settings, current production and electricity consumption, i.e. electricity is not compulsorily consumed from the distribution network and is not accumulated in electrical energy storages, and electrical energy is not compulsorily supplied to the distribution network, unless it is required by the current situation and the safety of the local power plant or local storage operation, as in the case of a shortage of electrical energy produced by local electrical energy sources and accumulated in electrical energy storage to cover current consumption or in the case of excess electricity production exceeding current electricity consumption and electricity storage capacity. Other additional and emergency types of control instructions are the following: h) disconnection or connection of electrical energy source from or to the distribution network, i) disconnection or connection of electrical energy storage from or to the distribution network, g) disconnection or connection of the entire system of local power plant or local storage equipment from or to the distribution network - converting the system into off-grid or on-grid mode, k) turning the electricity source off and taking electricity from the distribution network.
In the context of this invention, local data is primarily understood as current and historical data on the local production of electricity by local sources over time, such as, for example, the performance and efficiency of electricity sources at a certain time; current and historical data on local electricity consumption over time, such as, for example, the user's total consumption at a certain time, consumption by individual electrical circuits at a certain time; further, current and historical data on the total and available capacity of individual electrical energy storage facilities, as well as current and historical data on the technical condition of local power plants and local storage facilities and their individual equipment, such as possible outages from the distribution network, system element malfunctions, technical condition of individual storage facilities, data on the collection point and the collection point load; further, current and historical data on the state, i.e. one or more activities performed by the local power plant or local storage facilities at a certain time, where the state or performed activities are in particular: a) electrical energy production, i.e. the output of electrical energy sources, b) electrical energy accumulation produced by local electrical energy sources in electrical energy storage, for example, charging batteries using electrical energy produced by local sources, c) electrical energy accumulation from the distribution network in electrical energy storage, for example, electricity consumption from the distribution network to charge batteries, d) consumption, i.e. accumulated electrical energy consumption from electrical energy storage systems to cover the immediate load, i.e. the user's immediate need for electricity, e) consumption, i.e. electricity consumption from the distribution network to cover the immediate load, i.e. the user's immediate need for electricity, f) sale, i.e. electricity supply produced by local electricity sources to the distribution network, g) sale, i.e. electricity supply accumulated in electrical energy storage to the distribution network. Hereinafter referred to as "local data".
In the context of this invention, global data is primarily understood as the state, operation, variability, field, extremes and forecast of individual meteorological elements and weather, including special forecasts, such as special forecasts for energy, synoptic situations, atmospheric phenomena and other data for forecasting production, consumption and electricity prices, such as speed and direction of flow, intensity and spectrum of solar radiation, cloud cover, amount of precipitation, temperature, season, price of electrical energy on the stock exchange, as well as the electricity supplier's current and expected price, also data on the status of distribution and transmission systems, such as the production and consumption imbalance of electricity, congestion and network outages, as well as data on the current and expected electricity production and consumption in individual territorial units and regions, data on the supply, demand and availability of energy sources and fuels in individual territorial units and regions, and other data and information influencing the development of the electricity price, production and consumption, including industrial, climatic, economic, social and political factors. Hereinafter referred to as "global data".
In the context of this invention, other technical and user data are mainly understood as the basic technical and local power plant or local storage user settings, data on the point of electricity consumption, particularly the distribution rate, mass remote control data, data on the total maximum load and maximum load of individual circuits, as well as specific data, characteristics and parameters of the local power plant or local storage and their individual equipment, such as the local power plant's exact location, roof slope, the slope and orientation of the photovoltaic panels, battery life, battery life status, battery charging and discharging speed, battery charge level over a certain period, efficiency of individual electrical energy sources, specific data and parameters of optional or additional devices. Hereinafter referred to as "further technical and user data".
Within the scope of this invention, user settings are defined as individual parameters of the functionality of the local power plant or local storage, set by the user, such as time, volume of electricity sales to the distribution network, time, charge level of the electrical energy storage, maximum free capacity of the electrical energy storage.
In the context of this invention, the user is understood as the owner or operator of a local power plant or local storage managed according to the invention. Hereinafter referred to as "user".
In the following part of the description, the invention will be explained in further detail with the following example of its specific embodiment, which is only illustrative and not restrictive in nature.
Example
The attached Fig. 1 shows a system of three local electrical circuits, whereby each contains as a source of electrical energy 9 a set of photovoltaic sources, possibly in combination with a set of sources of wind power plants. These electrical energy sources 9 are by means of direct current flows 4 connected to inverters 1, whose direct current parts are in turn bidirectionally connected by means of direct current flows 4 to respective local electric current storage systems 8. Alternating current parts of inverters j_ are by means of alternating current flows 5 bidirectionally connected to the distribution or transmission network 7. Alternating parts of two of the three inverters 1_ are by means of the alternating current flows 5 connected to consumers 10 connected to the respective local electrical circuits. Individual inverters j_ are also bidirectionally connected by means of data flows 6 to the respective local control units 2, which in turn are bidirectionally connected by means of data flow 6 to the central control unit 3, which is bidirectionally connected by means of data flow 6 to the Internet 12 and to which data flows 11 of other n-connections are connected. This specific connection according to the invention achieves all the above-mentioned advantages, which particularly include the possibility of predicting the distribution network's state and electricity prices over time, as well as stabilising distribution network in times of high levels of imbalance in electricity supply and consumption by optimising the control of the electricity flow between distribution network and electrical energy storage and other appliances connected to local electrical circuits.
Industrial applicability
The connection according to the invention can be used to effectively manage electrical energy sources, electrical energy storage and, by combining them, optimise the collection and supply of electrical energy from or to the distribution network, and accumulate electrical energy in electrical energy storage for the purpose of minimising electrical energy costs or to maximise profit from electricity sales when trading in electricity, as well as creating and managing reserve capacities of electricity, etc. The connection according to the invention can be applied in a household, business, organisation or any building. This connection is primarily intended for controlling local renewable energy sources, but can also be applied to control local systems of equipment including conventional electricity sources, such as an electric generator.
List of reference numerals
1 inverter
2 local control unit
3 central control unit
4 direct current flow
5 alternating current flow
6 data flow
7 distribution or transmission network
8 local electric energy storage
9 electrical energy source
10 consumers connected to local electrical circuit
11 other n-connection data flows
12 Internet

Claims

CLAIMS Connection for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current in inverters converting direct current into alternating current and vice versa and connected to local electrical circuits of households, businesses, factories and photovoltaic and wind farms, characterised in that the inverters (1), connected to at least one of the local energy storage systems (8) of the respective local electric circuit, possibly connected to at least one of the (9) electrical energy sources of the respective local electric circuit and connected to the distribution or transmission system (7), are connected to the respective local control units (2), possibly connected to the Internet, and local control units are connected via telecommunications channels to a central control unit (3), which, using artificial intelligence, provides through control instructions generated based on the assessment of collected data related to the current energy situation in the distribution or transmission network (7) and in local electric circuits and broadcast to the local control units (2) control of the conversion of direct current into alternating current and vice versa and control of the magnitude and direction of the electrical current between the local electrical circuits and the distribution or transmission system (7) in the inverters (1) connected to the local electrical circuits.
PCT/CZ2022/050127 2022-11-13 2022-12-09 Connection for controlling the magnitude and direction of electrical current in inverters converting direct current into alternating current and connected to local electrical circuits WO2024099483A1 (en)

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CZPV2022-470 2022-11-13
CZ2022-470A CZ2022470A3 (en) 2022-11-13 2022-11-13 A wiring to control the size and direction of electric current in DC to AC inverters wired to local electric circuits

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2597342A (en) * 2018-06-22 2022-01-26 Moixa Energy Holdings Ltd Systems for machine learning, optimising and managing local multi-asset flexibility of distributed energy storage resources-divisional
US20220244076A1 (en) * 2021-02-04 2022-08-04 Landis+Gyr Innovations, Inc. Distributed control of energy storage device charging and grid stability
AU2021223903A1 (en) * 2020-02-19 2022-10-13 Conductify Limited Hybrid grid and renewable based energy system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2597342A (en) * 2018-06-22 2022-01-26 Moixa Energy Holdings Ltd Systems for machine learning, optimising and managing local multi-asset flexibility of distributed energy storage resources-divisional
AU2021223903A1 (en) * 2020-02-19 2022-10-13 Conductify Limited Hybrid grid and renewable based energy system
US20220244076A1 (en) * 2021-02-04 2022-08-04 Landis+Gyr Innovations, Inc. Distributed control of energy storage device charging and grid stability

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