WO2024099374A1 - Die-cast aluminum alloy material, preparation method therefor, and use thereof - Google Patents

Die-cast aluminum alloy material, preparation method therefor, and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024099374A1
WO2024099374A1 PCT/CN2023/130554 CN2023130554W WO2024099374A1 WO 2024099374 A1 WO2024099374 A1 WO 2024099374A1 CN 2023130554 W CN2023130554 W CN 2023130554W WO 2024099374 A1 WO2024099374 A1 WO 2024099374A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
die
aluminum alloy
alloy material
less
cast aluminum
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PCT/CN2023/130554
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王志明
王新宝
马鸿江
张策
任传委
毛贻国
霍臣明
苑高利
葛素静
Original Assignee
蔚来动力科技(合肥)有限公司
河北新立中有色金属集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2024099374A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024099374A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/02—Casings or enclosures characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/06—Cast metal casings

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a die-cast aluminum alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof. Specifically, the present application relates to a die-cast aluminum alloy material that is self-strengthening without heat treatment and has high yield strength and corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof.
  • Aluminum alloys are widely used in die-cast motor housings due to their low density, good thermal conductivity and fluidity.
  • the housing is subjected to large tensile stress, with stress in some local locations even exceeding 200MPa.
  • the elongation requirement is ⁇ 4%.
  • die-cast aluminum alloy materials are required to meet the characteristics of high strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance.
  • conventional aluminum alloy materials represented by A380 and ADC12 are the most widely used.
  • the standard test bar performance of this material can only reach a yield strength of 160MPa, a tensile strength of 320MPa, and an elongation of 3.5%, which cannot meet the use requirements of castings with high strength requirements such as new energy vehicle motor housings.
  • High-performance aluminum alloy materials such as AlSi10MnMg and AlMg5Si2 can obtain excellent mechanical properties by controlling the content of alloy elements and heat treatment processes.
  • the present application provides a die-cast aluminum alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present application can obtain high mechanical properties, especially high yield strength, without heat treatment, and has high corrosion resistance, which can well meet the requirements of high yield strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance of parts such as motor housings of new energy vehicles.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a die-casting aluminum alloy material, which comprises, by weight: 8.0%-11.0% silicon (Si) element, 0.5% or less iron (Fe) element, 1.0%-3.0% copper (Cu) element, 0.5%-2.5% magnesium (Mg) element, element, 0.5%-1.2% manganese (Mn) element, 1.3% or less zinc (Zn) element, 0.08%-0.15% titanium (Ti) element, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium (Zr) element, 0.02%-0.04% strontium (Sr) element and less than 1.0% impurities, wherein the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.5-2.0):1.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a die-cast aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a motor housing, which is made of the die-cast aluminum alloy material described in the first aspect or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect.
  • the fourth aspect of the present application provides the use of the die-cast aluminum alloy material described in the first aspect or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect in a vehicle.
  • the die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present application adopts a material ratio of high copper and high magnesium and controls the Cu/Mg ratio within a reasonable range, thereby ensuring that the toughness is not adversely affected while the strength is improved to the greatest extent.
  • the present application also uses a composite modification/refinement process to ensure that the grain size in the alloy is small and uniform while the eutectic silicon modification effect is good.
  • the test rod of the die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present application has high room temperature mechanical properties, among which the tensile strength is ⁇ 360Mpa, the yield strength is ⁇ 230Mpa, the elongation is ⁇ 3.0%, and the hardness is above 115HBS.
  • the performance can be further improved through natural aging, which can meet the requirements of high yield strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance of parts such as motor housings of new energy vehicles.
  • the present application can enable the aluminum alloy to obtain higher mechanical properties without heat treatment, simplifying the die-casting process and reducing energy consumption.
  • any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form an undefined range; and any lower limit can be combined with other lower limits to form an undefined range, and any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to form an undefined range.
  • each separately disclosed point or single value can itself be combined as a lower limit or upper limit with any other point or single value or with other lower limits or upper limits to form an undefined range.
  • a list of items connected by the terms “at least one of,” “at least one of,” “at least one of,” or other similar terms may mean any combination of the listed items. For example, if items A and B are listed, the phrase “at least one of A and B” means only A; only B; or A and B. In another example, if items A, B, and C are listed, the phrase “at least one of A, B, and C” means only A; or only B; only C; A and B (excluding C); A and C (excluding B); B and C (excluding A); or all of A, B, and C.
  • Item A may contain a single component or multiple components.
  • Item B may contain a single component or multiple components.
  • Item C may contain a single component or multiple components.
  • the die-casting aluminum alloy material provided by the present application includes, by weight: 8.0%-11.0% silicon, 0.5% or less iron, 1.0%-3.0% copper, 0.5%-2.5% magnesium, 0.5%-1.2% manganese, 1.3% or less zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium and 1.0% or less impurities, wherein the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.5-2.0):1.
  • the Cu element can generate ⁇ (CuAl2) with aluminum and is an important strengthening element in aluminum alloys. Usually, in the presence of magnesium, the Cu/Mg ratio will be combined into a S (CuMgAl2) strengthening phase with better solid solution strengthening performance when it is about 2.6.
  • the die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present application is mainly used for shell materials, it has high requirements for mechanical properties and requires no heat treatment, so it is necessary to appropriately increase the proportion of aging strengthening elements in the alloy to improve the strength of the alloy by natural aging.
  • Mg5Al8 generated by Mg and Al in aluminum alloy has a potential close to ⁇ -Al, which can improve the corrosion performance of aluminum alloy.
  • the inventors of the present application have found through research that by adding copper and magnesium elements to the die-cast aluminum alloy material and controlling the mass ratio of copper to magnesium elements within the above range, it can be guaranteed to the greatest extent that the strength of the alloy material, especially the yield strength, is improved on the basis of unaffected toughness, and it also has high corrosion resistance, which can well meet the requirements of high yield strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance of parts such as motor housings of new energy vehicles.
  • the mass ratio of copper to magnesium is 0.6:1, 0.65:1, 0.75:1, 0.85:1, 0.9:1, 0.95:1, 1.0:1, 1.05:1, 1.1:1, 1.15:1, 1.2:1, 1.25:1, 1.3:1, 1.35:1, 1.4:1, 1.45:1, 1.55:1, 1.6:1, 1.65:1, 1.7:1, 1.75:1, 1.8:1, 1.9:1 or any value therebetween.
  • the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.7-1.85):1.
  • the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.8-1.5):1.
  • the die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of, by weight, 8.0%-11.0% silicon, less than 0.5% iron, 1.0%-3.0% copper, 0.5%-2.5% magnesium, 0.5%-1.2% manganese, less than 1.3% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum.
  • the impurities in the die-casting aluminum alloy material are mainly the inevitable impurities introduced during the synthesis process of the die-casting aluminum alloy material.
  • the impurities mainly include at least one of Cr, Ni, Be, Bi, Ca, Na, Sn or V.
  • the mass content of the impurities is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or any value therebetween.
  • the mass content of a single impurity is below 0.15%, for example, below 0.1%, or below 0.05%.
  • the mass content of silicon is 8.1%, 8.2%, 8.3%, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.6%, 8.7%, 8.8%, 8.9%, 9.0%, 9.1%, 9.2%, 9.3%, 9.4%, 9.6%, 9.7%, 9.8%, 9.9%, 10%, 10.1%, 10.2%, 10.3%, 10.4%, 10.6%, 10.7%, 10.8%, 10.9% or any value therebetween, by weight.
  • the Si element is mainly an element that improves the fluidity of the aluminum alloy melt. Generally, the fluidity is better within the range of Al-Si eutectic and hypoeutectic. At the same time, the element releases latent heat of crystallization during crystallization, which is more conducive to filling.
  • the present application controls the silicon element within the above range to avoid the influence of too high a Si content on the elongation of the casting while ensuring the fluidity of the aluminum alloy.
  • the mass content of silicon is 8.0%-10.5%. In some embodiments, the mass content of silicon is 8.0%-9.5%.
  • the mass content of copper element is 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.45%, 1.5%, 1.55%, 1.6%, 1.65%, 1.7%, 1.75%, 1.8%, 1.85%, 1.9%, 1.95%, 2.0%, 2.05%, 2.1%, 2.15%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9% or any value therebetween.
  • the mass content of copper element is 1.3%-2.5%.
  • the mass content of copper element is 1.4%-2.2%.
  • the mass content of magnesium is 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.15%, 1.2%, 1.25%, 1.3%, 1.35%, 1.4%, 1.45%, 1.5%, 1.55%, 1.6%, 1.65%, 1.7%, 1.75%, 1.8%, 1.85%, 1.9%, 1.95%, 2.0%, 2.05%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4% or any value therebetween.
  • the mass content of magnesium is 1.0%-2.0%.
  • the mass content of magnesium is 1.0%-2.0%.
  • the mass content of copper element is 1.2%-1.8%.
  • the mass content of iron is 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.2% or any value therebetween by weight.
  • Iron has a certain demoulding effect on the alloy, but the iron content should not be too much, otherwise the mechanical properties of the material will deteriorate.
  • the mass content of iron is less than 0.15% by weight.
  • the mass content of manganese is 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1.0%, 1.05%, 1.1% or any value therebetween.
  • the shell forming method is mainly high pressure casting, and demoulding is an important technical problem in the die casting process.
  • the iron element is conducive to die casting demoulding, but the needle-shaped object formed in the aluminum alloy is hard and brittle FeAl3 infusible phase, which seriously deteriorates the material properties, especially the elongation, and the use of manganese to generate (FeMn)Al6 phase can reduce the harmful effects of iron, and is also conducive to demoulding.
  • appropriate addition is also beneficial to improving corrosion resistance.
  • the mass content of manganese is 0.5%-1.0%. In some embodiments, the mass content of manganese is 0.5%-0.8%.
  • the mass content of zinc is 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2% or any value therebetween.
  • Zinc has a certain supplementary strengthening effect on the alloy, but it should not be added too much, otherwise it will affect the corrosion resistance.
  • the mass content of zinc is less than 1.0%. In some embodiments, by weight, the mass content of zinc is less than 0.8%.
  • the mass content of titanium is 0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, 0.1%, 0.105%, 0.11%, 0.115%, 0.12%, 0.125%, 0.13%, 0.135%, 0.14%, 0.145% or any value therebetween, by weight.
  • Titanium plays a major role as an external nucleus in aluminum alloys, refining aluminum alloy grains, but if the content is too high, grain coarsening will occur.
  • the mass content of zirconium is 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19% or any value therebetween by weight.
  • Adding zirconium to aluminum alloy can refine the grains and strengthen the thermal stability of the material; these characteristics can prevent the performance loss of structural parts caused by temperature increase.
  • the zirconium content should not be too high, as it will reduce the pinning effect and grain refinement of Al3Zr particles in the aluminum matrix, and the material performance will decrease to a certain extent.
  • the mass content of strontium is 0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%, 0.03%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%, 0.039% or any value therebetween, by weight.
  • Strontium acts as a modifier of aluminum-silicon alloy, making eutectic silicon round and inhibiting the growth of primary silicon, which is beneficial to improving the properties of the alloy.
  • strontium is a surface active agent. Elements, when deteriorated, can easily increase the gas content of aluminum melt.
  • the die-casting aluminum alloy material includes, by weight: 8.0%-10.5% silicon, less than 0.2% iron, 1.3%-2.5% copper, 1.0%-2.0% magnesium, 0.5%-1.0% manganese, less than 1.0% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, and less than 1.0% impurities.
  • the die-casting aluminum alloy material includes, by weight, 8.0%-9.5% silicon, less than 0.15% iron, 1.4%-2.2% copper, 1.2%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.8% manganese, less than 0.8% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, and less than 1.0% impurities.
  • the die-casting aluminum alloy material includes, by weight, 8.0%-8.5% silicon, less than 0.15% iron, 1.4%-2.0% copper, 1.5%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.7% manganese, less than 0.8% zinc, 0.08%-0.1% titanium, 0.1%-0.15% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, and less than 1.0% impurities.
  • the die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of, by weight, 8.0%-10.5% silicon, less than 0.2% iron, 1.3%-2.5% copper, 1.0%-2.0% magnesium, 0.5%-1.0% manganese, less than 1.0% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum.
  • the die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of, by weight, 8.0%-9.5% silicon, less than 0.15% iron, 1.4%-2.2% copper, 1.2%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.8% manganese, less than 0.8% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum.
  • the die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of, by weight, 8.0%-8.5% silicon, less than 0.15% iron, 1.4%-2.0% copper, 1.5%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.7% manganese, less than 0.8% zinc, 0.08%-0.1% titanium, 0.1%-0.15% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum.
  • the yield strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 230 MPa. In some embodiments, the yield strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 240 MPa. In some embodiments, the yield strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is 240 MPa-255 MPa or 240 MPa-250 MPa.
  • the tensile strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 360 MPa. In some embodiments, the tensile strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 370 MPa.
  • the elongation of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is greater than 3.0%. In some embodiments, the elongation of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is greater than 3.5%.
  • the hardness of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 115 HB.
  • the microstructure of the die-cast aluminum alloy material includes at least one of a eutectic silicon phase, an AlFeMnSi phase, a Mg2Si phase, Al2Cu, and AlxMg5Si4Cu4.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a die-cast aluminum alloy material, comprising the following steps:
  • the silicon raw material is selected from at least one of aluminum silicon master alloy, industrial silicon or quick-dissolving silicon.
  • the manganese raw material is selected from aluminum manganese master alloy, such as Al-Mn10wt%.
  • the copper raw material is selected from aluminum copper master alloy, such as Al-Cu40wt%.
  • the aluminum raw material is selected from aluminum ingot.
  • the titanium raw material is selected from aluminum titanium master alloy, such as Al-Ti10wt%.
  • the zirconium raw material is selected from aluminum zirconium master alloy, such as Al-Zr5wt%.
  • the strontium raw material is selected from aluminum strontium master alloy, such as Al-Sr10wt%.
  • the magnesium raw material is selected from magnesium block.
  • the zinc raw material is selected from zinc block.
  • the Fe element in the alloy is mainly derived from the raw material aluminum ingot, master alloy or iron tool.
  • the first temperature is 740°C-760°C, for example, 745°C, 750°C or 755°C.
  • the deslagging agent is selected from at least one of a chloride salt and a fluoride salt.
  • the chloride salt is selected from sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride.
  • the fluoride salt is selected from K3AlF6.
  • the mass content of the deslagging agent is 0.05%-0.2%, for example, 0.1% or 0.15%.
  • the aluminum alloy material melt before die-casting the aluminum alloy material melt in S3, the aluminum alloy material melt is analyzed, and when the chemical composition of the melt meets the requirements, the aluminum melt is degassed and refined with high-purity nitrogen or argon at 730 ⁇ 5° C. In some embodiments, the refining time is 10 min-30 min, such as 15 min, 20 min or 25 min.
  • die casting includes: baking the mold to 200 ⁇ 20°C with a mold temperature controller, adjusting the temperature of the molten aluminum in the machine-side furnace to 690 ⁇ 10°C, and adjusting the process parameters of the die casting machine to: mold temperature 200 ⁇ 20°C, filling pressure 125Mpa, filling speed 3.0 ⁇ 0.2m/s, mold closing pressure 400T, holding time 3.5s, and injection cooling time 6.0s.
  • the method for preparing the die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following specific steps: thoroughly cleaning the furnace before feeding, After removing the ash and slag, adding metallic silicon, Al-Mn, Al-Cu master alloy and aluminum ingot according to the calculated weight, igniting and heating, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the furnace is controlled at 750 ⁇ 10°C.
  • the flux powder made of a mixture of chloride salt and fluoride salt is evenly sprayed into the bottom of the furnace at a rate of 0.15% of the weight of the aluminum liquid, and the aluminum liquid is stirred for 10 minutes with a rake. After the slag on the liquid surface is scraped off, Al-Ti, Al-Zr, Al-Sr and magnesium blocks and optional zinc blocks are added. After the melt is stirred for another 5 minutes, a spectral sample is taken, and the component analysis results meet the preset content.
  • melt chemical composition When the melt chemical composition is qualified and the temperature is 730 ⁇ 5°C, use high-purity nitrogen or argon to degas and refine the aluminum melt. Refine for about 20 minutes, take the alloy decompression density sample, and when the density is ⁇ 2.68g/cm3, stop degassing, remove the degassing rake, scrape off the slag on the liquid surface, let it stand for 15 minutes, and then start die casting.
  • the mold temperature controller to bake the mold to 200 ⁇ 20°C, adjust the temperature of the molten aluminum in the machine-side furnace to 690 ⁇ 10°C, and adjust the process parameters of the die-casting machine to: mold temperature 200 ⁇ 20°C, filling pressure 125Mpa, filling speed 3.0 ⁇ 0.2m/s, mold closing pressure 400T, holding time 3.5s, and injection cooling time 6.0s.
  • the motor housing provided in the present application is made of the die-cast aluminum alloy material described in the first aspect or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect.
  • the motor housing is a motor housing used in a vehicle.
  • the vehicle includes at least one of an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the present application provides the use of the die-cast aluminum alloy material described in the first aspect or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect in a vehicle. In some embodiments, the present application provides the use of the above die-cast aluminum alloy material in new energy vehicles.
  • the vehicle comprises at least one of an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the furnace Before charging, the furnace is thoroughly cleaned and the ash is removed. Silicon, Al-Mn master alloy (Al-Mn 10wt%), Al-Cu master alloy (Al-Cu 40wt%) and aluminum ingot are added according to the weight calculated according to the expected alloy composition in Table 1. The furnace is ignited and heated to control the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the furnace at 750 ⁇ 10°C.
  • the flux powder made of chloride salt (NaCl+KCl) and fluoride salt (K3AlF6) is evenly sprayed into the bottom of the furnace according to 0.15% of the weight of the aluminum liquid, and then the aluminum liquid is stirred for 10 minutes with a rake. After the slag on the liquid surface is scraped off, the Al-Ti master alloy (Al-Ti10wt%) and Al-Zr master alloy (calculated according to the expected alloy composition in Table 1) are added. alloy (Al-Zr5wt%), Al-Sr master alloy (Al-Sr10wt%), magnesium block and zinc block, after stirring the melt again for 5 minutes, take spectral samples, and the component analysis results meet the preset content.
  • melt chemical composition When the melt chemical composition is qualified and the temperature is 730 ⁇ 5°C, use high-purity nitrogen or argon to degas and refine the aluminum melt. Refine for about 20 minutes, take the alloy decompression density sample, and when the density is ⁇ 2.68g/cm3, stop degassing, remove the degassing rake, scrape off the slag on the liquid surface, let it stand for 15 minutes, and then start die casting.
  • the mold temperature controller to bake the mold to 200 ⁇ 20°C, adjust the temperature of the molten aluminum in the machine-side furnace to 690 ⁇ 10°C, and adjust the process parameters of the die-casting machine to: mold temperature 200 ⁇ 20°C, filling pressure 125Mpa, filling speed 3.0 ⁇ 0.2m/s, mold closing pressure 400T, holding time 3.5s, and injection cooling time 6.0s.
  • the die-cast test bars were placed in a room temperature environment and subjected to 48 h of natural aging for mechanical property testing using a tensile testing machine.
  • the specific performance parameters are shown in Table 1.

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Abstract

A die-cast aluminum alloy material, a preparation method therefor, and a use thereof. The die-cast aluminum alloy material comprises the following by weight: 8.0%-11.0% silicon, less than 0.5% iron, 1.0%-3.0% copper, 0.5%-2.5% magnesium, 0.5%-1.2% manganese, less than 1.3% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium and less than 1.0% impurities, the mass ratio of copper to magnesium being (0.5-2.0):1. The die-cast aluminum alloy material can obtain high mechanical properties, especially high yield strength, without heat treatment, while also having high corrosion resistance. In addition, said material can meet the requirements of high yield strength and high toughness and corrosion resistance for parts such as motor housings of new energy vehicles.

Description

压铸铝合金材料及其制备方法和应用Die-casting aluminum alloy material and its preparation method and application 技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及一种压铸铝合金材料及其制备方法和应用。具体地，本申请涉及一种免热处理自强化且具有高屈服强度和耐蚀性能的压铸铝合金材料及其制造方法。The present application relates to a die-cast aluminum alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof. Specifically, the present application relates to a die-cast aluminum alloy material that is self-strengthening without heat treatment and has high yield strength and corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
铝合金以密度小、导热及流动性能好等优点而广泛应用在电机的压铸壳体。对于大功率电机，壳体承受较大的拉应力，其中某些局部位置的应力甚至超过200MPa，同时伸长率要求≥4％，考虑到电机壳体室外或野外的工作场景，这需要压铸铝合金材料满足高强高韧耐腐蚀等特性。Aluminum alloys are widely used in die-cast motor housings due to their low density, good thermal conductivity and fluidity. For high-power motors, the housing is subjected to large tensile stress, with stress in some local locations even exceeding 200MPa. At the same time, the elongation requirement is ≥4%. Considering the outdoor or field working scenes of the motor housing, die-cast aluminum alloy materials are required to meet the characteristics of high strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance.
目前，以A380、ADC12为代表的常规铝合金材料应用最为广泛。但由于这些铝合金中含有较高Fe等杂质元素，该材料标准试棒性能仅能达到屈服强度160MPa，抗拉强度320MPa，伸长率3.5％，无法满足新能源汽车电机壳体等强度要求较高铸件的使用要求。AlSi10MnMg、AlMg5Si2等高性能铝合金材料，通过控制合金元素含量及热处理工艺可以获得优异的力学性能。但此类合金需要高纯的新料来制备、成本高，且对于大型复杂压铸壳体而言，如果经过热处理，其中淬火工序使得工件壁厚不均的部位产生局部变形，需要精整工序，既费时又费力。At present, conventional aluminum alloy materials represented by A380 and ADC12 are the most widely used. However, due to the high content of impurity elements such as Fe in these aluminum alloys, the standard test bar performance of this material can only reach a yield strength of 160MPa, a tensile strength of 320MPa, and an elongation of 3.5%, which cannot meet the use requirements of castings with high strength requirements such as new energy vehicle motor housings. High-performance aluminum alloy materials such as AlSi10MnMg and AlMg5Si2 can obtain excellent mechanical properties by controlling the content of alloy elements and heat treatment processes. However, this type of alloy requires high-purity new materials to prepare, which is costly, and for large and complex die-cast housings, if heat treated, the quenching process causes local deformation in the uneven wall thickness of the workpiece, requiring a finishing process, which is both time-consuming and labor-intensive.
目前，已有多家公司及研究单位公开了Al-Si-Cu-Mg系免热处理压铸铝合金，但其强度尚不能满足新能源汽车电机壳体等零部件的要求。At present, many companies and research institutions have disclosed Al-Si-Cu-Mg series heat-treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloys, but their strength cannot yet meet the requirements of components such as new energy vehicle motor housings.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本申请提供了一种压铸铝合金材料及其制备方法和应用。本申请的压铸铝合金材料无需热处理即可获得较高的机械性能尤其是高的屈服强度，同时具有较高的耐腐蚀性，能够很好地满足新能源汽车电机壳体等零部件高屈服强度、高韧性、耐腐蚀的要求。In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a die-cast aluminum alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof. The die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present application can obtain high mechanical properties, especially high yield strength, without heat treatment, and has high corrosion resistance, which can well meet the requirements of high yield strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance of parts such as motor housings of new energy vehicles.
本申请的第一方面提供了一种压铸铝合金材料，以重量计，其包括：8.0％-11.0％的硅(Si)元素、0.5％以下的铁(Fe)元素、1.0％-3.0％的铜(Cu)元素、0.5％-2.5％的镁(Mg) 元素、0.5％-1.2％的锰(Mn)元素、1.3％以下的锌(Zn)元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛(Ti)元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆(Zr)元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶(Sr)元素和1.0％以下的杂质，其中，所述铜元素与镁元素的质量比为(0.5-2.0):1。The first aspect of the present application provides a die-casting aluminum alloy material, which comprises, by weight: 8.0%-11.0% silicon (Si) element, 0.5% or less iron (Fe) element, 1.0%-3.0% copper (Cu) element, 0.5%-2.5% magnesium (Mg) element, element, 0.5%-1.2% manganese (Mn) element, 1.3% or less zinc (Zn) element, 0.08%-0.15% titanium (Ti) element, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium (Zr) element, 0.02%-0.04% strontium (Sr) element and less than 1.0% impurities, wherein the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.5-2.0):1.
本申请的第二方面提供了一种压铸铝合金材料的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：A second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a die-cast aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
S1：将硅原料、锰原料、铜原料和铝原料混合后进行第一加热处理，得到第一熔体；S1: mixing a silicon raw material, a manganese raw material, a copper raw material and an aluminum raw material and performing a first heating treatment to obtain a first melt;
S2：在第一温度下，将第一熔体与除渣剂混合除渣后，再加入钛原料、锆原料、锶原料和镁原料以及可选的锌原料，得到铝合金材料熔体；S2: mixing the first melt with a slag remover at a first temperature to remove slag, and then adding a titanium raw material, a zirconium raw material, a strontium raw material, a magnesium raw material and an optional zinc raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy material melt;
S3：将铝合金材料熔体进行压铸，得到所述压铸铝合金材料。S3: die-casting the aluminum alloy material melt to obtain the die-cast aluminum alloy material.
本申请的第三方面提供了一种电机壳体，其采用第一方面所述的压铸铝合金材料或第二方面所述的制备方法制备的压铸铝合金材料制备而成。A third aspect of the present application provides a motor housing, which is made of the die-cast aluminum alloy material described in the first aspect or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect.
本申请的第四方面提供了第一方面所述的压铸铝合金材料或第二方面所述的制备方法制备的压铸铝合金材料在车辆中的应用。The fourth aspect of the present application provides the use of the die-cast aluminum alloy material described in the first aspect or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect in a vehicle.
本申请的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of this application are:
(1)本申请的压铸铝合金材料采取了高铜高镁的材料配比并同时通过控制Cu/Mg在合理范围内，从而最大程度保证了在提高强度的同时，对其韧性不会产生不利影响。此外，本申请还通过复合变质/细化工艺来保证合金中的晶粒尺寸细小均匀的同时共晶硅变质效果良好。(1) The die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present application adopts a material ratio of high copper and high magnesium and controls the Cu/Mg ratio within a reasonable range, thereby ensuring that the toughness is not adversely affected while the strength is improved to the greatest extent. In addition, the present application also uses a composite modification/refinement process to ensure that the grain size in the alloy is small and uniform while the eutectic silicon modification effect is good.
(2)本申请压铸铝合金材料的测试棒的常温力学性能较高，其中，抗拉强度≥360Mpa，屈服强度≥230Mpa，伸长率≥3.0％，硬度达到115HBS以上。此外，通过自然时效，还可以进一步提高性能，可以满足新能源汽车电机壳体等零部件高屈服强度、高韧性、耐腐蚀的要求。(2) The test rod of the die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present application has high room temperature mechanical properties, among which the tensile strength is ≥360Mpa, the yield strength is ≥230Mpa, the elongation is ≥3.0%, and the hardness is above 115HBS. In addition, the performance can be further improved through natural aging, which can meet the requirements of high yield strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance of parts such as motor housings of new energy vehicles.
(3)本申请无需热处理即可使铝合金获得较高力学性能，简化压铸工艺，同时降低了能耗。(3) The present application can enable the aluminum alloy to obtain higher mechanical properties without heat treatment, simplifying the die-casting process and reducing energy consumption.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了简明，本申请仅具体地公开了一些数值范围。然而，任意下限可以与任何上限组合形成未明确记载的范围；以及任意下限可以与其它下限组合形成未明确记载的范围，同样任意上限可以与任意其它上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。此外，每个单独公开的点或单个数值自身可以作为下限或上限与任意其它点或单个数值组合或与其它下限或上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。 For simplicity, this application only specifically discloses some numerical ranges. However, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form an undefined range; and any lower limit can be combined with other lower limits to form an undefined range, and any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to form an undefined range. In addition, each separately disclosed point or single value can itself be combined as a lower limit or upper limit with any other point or single value or with other lower limits or upper limits to form an undefined range.
在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“以上”、“以下”包含本数。In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, “above” and “below” include the number.
除非另有说明，本申请中使用的术语具有本领域技术人员通常所理解的公知含义。除非另有说明，本申请中提到的各参数的数值可以用本领域常用的各种测量方法进行测量(例如，可以按照在本申请的实施例中给出的方法进行测试)。Unless otherwise specified, the terms used in this application have the commonly known meanings generally understood by those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the numerical values of the various parameters mentioned in this application can be measured using various measurement methods commonly used in the art (for example, they can be tested according to the methods given in the examples of this application).
术语“中的至少一者”、“中的至少一个”、“中的至少一种”或其他相似术语所连接的项目的列表可意味着所列项目的任何组合。例如，如果列出项目A及B，那么短语“A及B中的至少一者”意味着仅A；仅B；或A及B。在另一实例中，如果列出项目A、B及C，那么短语“A、B及C中的至少一者”意味着仅A；或仅B；仅C；A及B(排除C)；A及C(排除B)；B及C(排除A)；或A、B及C的全部。项目A可包含单个组分或多个组分。项目B可包含单个组分或多个组分。项目C可包含单个组分或多个组分。A list of items connected by the terms "at least one of," "at least one of," "at least one of," or other similar terms may mean any combination of the listed items. For example, if items A and B are listed, the phrase "at least one of A and B" means only A; only B; or A and B. In another example, if items A, B, and C are listed, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" means only A; or only B; only C; A and B (excluding C); A and C (excluding B); B and C (excluding A); or all of A, B, and C. Item A may contain a single component or multiple components. Item B may contain a single component or multiple components. Item C may contain a single component or multiple components.
下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本申请。应理解，这些具体实施方式仅用于说明本申请而不用于限制本申请的范围。The present application is further described below in conjunction with specific implementations. It should be understood that these specific implementations are only used to illustrate the present application and are not used to limit the scope of the present application.
在第一方面，本申请提供的压铸铝合金材料，以重量计，其包括：8.0％-11.0％的硅元素、0.5％以下的铁元素、1.0％-3.0％的铜元素、0.5％-2.5％的镁元素、0.5％-1.2％的锰元素、1.3％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素和1.0％以下的杂质，其中，所述铜元素与镁元素的质量比为(0.5-2.0):1。Cu元素能够与铝生成θ(CuAl2)，是铝合金中重要强化元素。通常在有镁元素存在的条件下，Cu/Mg比值在2.6左右时会化合成固溶强化效果性能更好的S(CuMgAl2)强化相。但Cu含量过高时，铝合金材料的伸长率和耐腐蚀性会受到一定程度的影响。在含Si铝合金中，镁元素是重要的时效强化元素，会与Si形成Mg2Si强化相，由于本申请的压铸铝合金材料主要应用于壳体材料，其对力学性要求较高，并要求免热处理，因此必须适当提高合金中时效强化元素比例，以利用自然时效来提高合金强度。此外Mg在铝合金中与Al生成的Mg5Al8，其电位与α-Al接近，可以提高铝合金的腐蚀性能。基于此，本申请的发明人通过研究发现，通过在压铸铝合金材料添加铜元素和镁元素，并将铜元素与镁元素的质量比控制在上述范围内，能够最大程度的保证在韧性不受影响的基础上，提升合金材料的强度，尤其是屈服强度，同时还具有较高的耐腐蚀性，能够很好地满足新能源汽车电机壳体等零部件高屈服强度、高韧性、耐腐蚀的要求。In the first aspect, the die-casting aluminum alloy material provided by the present application includes, by weight: 8.0%-11.0% silicon, 0.5% or less iron, 1.0%-3.0% copper, 0.5%-2.5% magnesium, 0.5%-1.2% manganese, 1.3% or less zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium and 1.0% or less impurities, wherein the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.5-2.0):1. The Cu element can generate θ (CuAl2) with aluminum and is an important strengthening element in aluminum alloys. Usually, in the presence of magnesium, the Cu/Mg ratio will be combined into a S (CuMgAl2) strengthening phase with better solid solution strengthening performance when it is about 2.6. However, when the Cu content is too high, the elongation and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy material will be affected to a certain extent. In Si-containing aluminum alloys, magnesium is an important aging strengthening element, which will form a Mg2Si strengthening phase with Si. Since the die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present application is mainly used for shell materials, it has high requirements for mechanical properties and requires no heat treatment, so it is necessary to appropriately increase the proportion of aging strengthening elements in the alloy to improve the strength of the alloy by natural aging. In addition, Mg5Al8 generated by Mg and Al in aluminum alloy has a potential close to α-Al, which can improve the corrosion performance of aluminum alloy. Based on this, the inventors of the present application have found through research that by adding copper and magnesium elements to the die-cast aluminum alloy material and controlling the mass ratio of copper to magnesium elements within the above range, it can be guaranteed to the greatest extent that the strength of the alloy material, especially the yield strength, is improved on the basis of unaffected toughness, and it also has high corrosion resistance, which can well meet the requirements of high yield strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance of parts such as motor housings of new energy vehicles.
在一些实施方式中，铜元素与镁元素的质量比为0.6:1、0.65:1、0.75:1、0.85:1、0.9:1、 0.95:1、1.0:1、1.05:1、1.1:1、1.15:1、1.2:1、1.25:1、1.3:1、1.35:1、1.4:1、1.45:1、1.55:1、1.6:1、1.65:1、1.7:1、1.75:1、1.8:1、1.9:1或它们之间的任意值。在一些实施方式中，所述铜元素与镁元素的质量比为(0.7-1.85):1。在一些实施方式中，所述铜元素与镁元素的质量比为(0.8-1.5):1。In some embodiments, the mass ratio of copper to magnesium is 0.6:1, 0.65:1, 0.75:1, 0.85:1, 0.9:1, 0.95:1, 1.0:1, 1.05:1, 1.1:1, 1.15:1, 1.2:1, 1.25:1, 1.3:1, 1.35:1, 1.4:1, 1.45:1, 1.55:1, 1.6:1, 1.65:1, 1.7:1, 1.75:1, 1.8:1, 1.9:1 or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.7-1.85):1. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.8-1.5):1.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料其由8.0％-11.0％的硅元素、0.5％以下的铁元素、1.0％-3.0％的铜元素、0.5％-2.5％的镁元素、0.5％-1.2％的锰元素、1.3％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素、1.0％以下的杂质和余量的铝元素组成。In some embodiments, the die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of, by weight, 8.0%-11.0% silicon, less than 0.5% iron, 1.0%-3.0% copper, 0.5%-2.5% magnesium, 0.5%-1.2% manganese, less than 1.3% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum.
本申请中，压铸铝合金材料中的杂质主要是在压铸铝合金材料合成过程中引入的不可避免的杂质。在一些实施方式中，杂质主要包括Cr、Ni、Be、Bi、Ca、Na、Sn或V中的至少一种。在一些实施方式中，以重量计，杂质的质量含量为0.1％、0.2％、0.3％、0.4％、0.5％、0.6％、0.7％、0.8％、0.9％或它们之间的任意值。在一些实施方式中，以重量计，单个杂质的质量含量在0.15％以下，例如在0.1％以下，或0.05％以下。In the present application, the impurities in the die-casting aluminum alloy material are mainly the inevitable impurities introduced during the synthesis process of the die-casting aluminum alloy material. In some embodiments, the impurities mainly include at least one of Cr, Ni, Be, Bi, Ca, Na, Sn or V. In some embodiments, by weight, the mass content of the impurities is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, by weight, the mass content of a single impurity is below 0.15%, for example, below 0.1%, or below 0.05%.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，硅元素的质量含量为8.1％、8.2％、8.3％、8.4％、8.5％、8.6％、8.7％、8.8％、8.9％、9.0％、9.1％、9.2％、9.3％、9.4％、9.6％、9.7％、9.8％、9.9％、10％、10.1％、10.2％、10.3％、10.4％、10.6％、10.7％、10.8％、10.9％或它们之间的任意值。Si元素主要是提高铝合金熔体流动性的元素，一般在Al-Si共晶和亚共晶范围内流动性较好，同时该元素在结晶时，有结晶潜热释放，更有利于充型。但过高的硅含量会影响铸件的伸长率。本申请通过将硅元素控制在上述范围内，在保证铝合金流动性的同时避免过高的Si含量对铸件伸长率的影响。在一些实施方式中，硅元素的质量含量为8.0％-10.5％。在一些实施方式中，硅元素的质量含量为8.0％-9.5％。In some embodiments, the mass content of silicon is 8.1%, 8.2%, 8.3%, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.6%, 8.7%, 8.8%, 8.9%, 9.0%, 9.1%, 9.2%, 9.3%, 9.4%, 9.6%, 9.7%, 9.8%, 9.9%, 10%, 10.1%, 10.2%, 10.3%, 10.4%, 10.6%, 10.7%, 10.8%, 10.9% or any value therebetween, by weight. The Si element is mainly an element that improves the fluidity of the aluminum alloy melt. Generally, the fluidity is better within the range of Al-Si eutectic and hypoeutectic. At the same time, the element releases latent heat of crystallization during crystallization, which is more conducive to filling. However, too high a silicon content will affect the elongation of the casting. The present application controls the silicon element within the above range to avoid the influence of too high a Si content on the elongation of the casting while ensuring the fluidity of the aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the mass content of silicon is 8.0%-10.5%. In some embodiments, the mass content of silicon is 8.0%-9.5%.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，铜元素的质量含量为1.1％、1.2％、1.3％、1.4％、1.45％、1.5％、1.55％、1.6％、1.65％、1.7％、1.75％、1.8％、1.85％、1.9％、1.95％、2.0％、2.05％、2.1％、2.15％、2.2％、2.3％、2.4％、2.6％、2.7％、2.8％、2.9％或它们之间的任意值。在一些实施方式中，铜元素的质量含量为1.3％-2.5％。在一些实施方式中，铜元素的质量含量为1.4％-2.2％。In some embodiments, the mass content of copper element is 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.45%, 1.5%, 1.55%, 1.6%, 1.65%, 1.7%, 1.75%, 1.8%, 1.85%, 1.9%, 1.95%, 2.0%, 2.05%, 2.1%, 2.15%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9% or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the mass content of copper element is 1.3%-2.5%. In some embodiments, the mass content of copper element is 1.4%-2.2%.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，镁元素的质量含量为0.6％、0.7％、0.8％、0.9％、1.0％、1.1％、1.15％、1.2％、1.25％、1.3％、1.35％、1.4％、1.45％、1.5％、1.55％、1.6％、1.65％、1.7％、1.75％、1.8％、1.85％、1.9％、1.95％、2.0％、2.05％、2.1％、2.2％、2.3％、2.4％或它们之间的任意值。在一些实施方式中，镁元素的质量含量为1.0％-2.0％。在一些实施 方式中，铜元素的质量含量为1.2％-1.8％。In some embodiments, the mass content of magnesium is 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.15%, 1.2%, 1.25%, 1.3%, 1.35%, 1.4%, 1.45%, 1.5%, 1.55%, 1.6%, 1.65%, 1.7%, 1.75%, 1.8%, 1.85%, 1.9%, 1.95%, 2.0%, 2.05%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4% or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the mass content of magnesium is 1.0%-2.0%. In some embodiments, the mass content of magnesium is 1.0%-2.0%. In the method, the mass content of copper element is 1.2%-1.8%.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，铁元素的质量含量为0.01％、0.02％、0.03％、0.04％、0.05％、0.06％、0.07％、0.08％、0.09％、0.1％、0.11％、0.12％、0.13％、0.14％、0.2％或它们之间的任意值。铁对该合金有一定的脱模作用，但铁含量不宜多，否则恶化材料力学性能。在一些实施方式中，以重量计，铁元素的质量含量为0.15％以下。In some embodiments, the mass content of iron is 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.2% or any value therebetween by weight. Iron has a certain demoulding effect on the alloy, but the iron content should not be too much, otherwise the mechanical properties of the material will deteriorate. In some embodiments, the mass content of iron is less than 0.15% by weight.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，锰元素的质量含量为0.5％、0.55％、0.6％、0.65％、0.7％、0.75％、0.8％、0.85％、0.9％、0.95％、1.0％、1.05％、1.1％或它们之间的任意值。壳体成型方式主要为高圧铸造，压铸过程中脱模是重要技术问题，铁元素有利于压铸脱模，然而在铝合金中形成的针状物硬而脆的FeAl3不熔相，严重恶化材料性能，尤其是伸长率，而利用锰与之生成(FeMn)Al6相，可降低铁的有害作用，同时也有利于脱模。此外，适当添加也对提高抗蚀性能有益。在一些实施方式中，锰元素的质量含量为0.5％-1.0％。在一些实施方式中，锰元素的质量含量为0.5％-0.8％。In some embodiments, by weight, the mass content of manganese is 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1.0%, 1.05%, 1.1% or any value therebetween. The shell forming method is mainly high pressure casting, and demoulding is an important technical problem in the die casting process. The iron element is conducive to die casting demoulding, but the needle-shaped object formed in the aluminum alloy is hard and brittle FeAl3 infusible phase, which seriously deteriorates the material properties, especially the elongation, and the use of manganese to generate (FeMn)Al6 phase can reduce the harmful effects of iron, and is also conducive to demoulding. In addition, appropriate addition is also beneficial to improving corrosion resistance. In some embodiments, the mass content of manganese is 0.5%-1.0%. In some embodiments, the mass content of manganese is 0.5%-0.8%.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，锌元素的质量含量为0.1％、0.15％、0.2％、0.25％、0.3％、0.35％、0.4％、0.45％、0.5％、0.55％、0.6％、0.65％、0.7％、0.75％、0.8％、0.85％、0.9％、0.95％、1.0％、1.1％、1.2％或它们之间的任意值。锌对该合金有一定补充强化作用，但不宜添加太多，否则会影响抗蚀性能。在一些实施方式中，以重量计，锌元素的质量含量为1.0％以下。在一些实施方式中，以重量计，锌元素的质量含量为0.8％以下。In some embodiments, by weight, the mass content of zinc is 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2% or any value therebetween. Zinc has a certain supplementary strengthening effect on the alloy, but it should not be added too much, otherwise it will affect the corrosion resistance. In some embodiments, by weight, the mass content of zinc is less than 1.0%. In some embodiments, by weight, the mass content of zinc is less than 0.8%.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，钛元素的质量含量为0.085％、0.09％、0.095％、0.1％、0.105％、0.11％、0.115％、0.12％、0.125％、0.13％、0.135％、0.14％、0.145％或它们之间的任意值。钛元素在铝合金中主要起外来晶核作用，细化铝合金晶粒，但含量过高否则会发生晶粒粗化。In some embodiments, the mass content of titanium is 0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, 0.1%, 0.105%, 0.11%, 0.115%, 0.12%, 0.125%, 0.13%, 0.135%, 0.14%, 0.145% or any value therebetween, by weight. Titanium plays a major role as an external nucleus in aluminum alloys, refining aluminum alloy grains, but if the content is too high, grain coarsening will occur.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，锆元素的质量含量为0.11％、0.12％、0.13％、0.14％、0.15％、0.16％、0.17％、0.18％、0.19％或它们之间的任意值。铝合金中添加锆元素，一是可以细化晶粒，二是强化材料的热稳定性；这些特性均可以防止结构件因温度升高引起的性能损失。但锆元素含量不宜过高，过高将降低Al3Zr颗粒在铝基体中的钉扎作用及晶粒细化作用，材料性能有一定下降。In some embodiments, the mass content of zirconium is 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19% or any value therebetween by weight. Adding zirconium to aluminum alloy can refine the grains and strengthen the thermal stability of the material; these characteristics can prevent the performance loss of structural parts caused by temperature increase. However, the zirconium content should not be too high, as it will reduce the pinning effect and grain refinement of Al3Zr particles in the aluminum matrix, and the material performance will decrease to a certain extent.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，锶元素的质量含量为0.021％、0.022％、0.023％、0.024％、0.025％、0.026％、0.027％、0.028％、0.029％、0.03％、0.031％、0.032％、0.033％、0.034％、0.035％、0.036％、0.037％、0.038％、0.039％或它们之间的任意值。锶作为铝硅合金的变质剂，使共晶硅变得圆润，抑制初生硅生长，有利于提高合金性能。但锶元素是表面活性 元素，变质时，易使铝熔体含气量升高。In some embodiments, the mass content of strontium is 0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%, 0.03%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%, 0.039% or any value therebetween, by weight. Strontium acts as a modifier of aluminum-silicon alloy, making eutectic silicon round and inhibiting the growth of primary silicon, which is beneficial to improving the properties of the alloy. However, strontium is a surface active agent. Elements, when deteriorated, can easily increase the gas content of aluminum melt.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料包括：8.0％-10.5％的硅元素、0.2％以下的铁元素、1.3％-2.5％的铜元素、1.0％-2.0％的镁元素、0.5％-1.0％的锰元素、1.0％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素和1.0％以下的杂质。In some embodiments, the die-casting aluminum alloy material includes, by weight: 8.0%-10.5% silicon, less than 0.2% iron, 1.3%-2.5% copper, 1.0%-2.0% magnesium, 0.5%-1.0% manganese, less than 1.0% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, and less than 1.0% impurities.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料包括：8.0％-9.5％的硅元素、0.15％以下的铁元素、1.4％-2.2％的铜元素、1.2％-1.8％的镁元素、0.5％-0.8％的锰元素、0.8％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素和1.0％以下的杂质。In some embodiments, the die-casting aluminum alloy material includes, by weight, 8.0%-9.5% silicon, less than 0.15% iron, 1.4%-2.2% copper, 1.2%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.8% manganese, less than 0.8% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, and less than 1.0% impurities.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料包括：8.0％-8.5％的硅元素、0.15％以下的铁元素、1.4％-2.0％的铜元素、1.5％-1.8％的镁元素、0.5％-0.7％的锰元素、0.8％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.1％的钛元素、0.1％-0.15％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素和1.0％以下的杂质。In some embodiments, the die-casting aluminum alloy material includes, by weight, 8.0%-8.5% silicon, less than 0.15% iron, 1.4%-2.0% copper, 1.5%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.7% manganese, less than 0.8% zinc, 0.08%-0.1% titanium, 0.1%-0.15% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, and less than 1.0% impurities.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料由8.0％-10.5％的硅元素、0.2％以下的铁元素、1.3％-2.5％的铜元素、1.0％-2.0％的镁元素、0.5％-1.0％的锰元素、1.0％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素、1.0％以下的杂质和余量的铝元素组成。In some embodiments, the die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of, by weight, 8.0%-10.5% silicon, less than 0.2% iron, 1.3%-2.5% copper, 1.0%-2.0% magnesium, 0.5%-1.0% manganese, less than 1.0% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料由8.0％-9.5％的硅元素、0.15％以下的铁元素、1.4％-2.2％的铜元素、1.2％-1.8％的镁元素、0.5％-0.8％的锰元素、0.8％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素、1.0％以下的杂质和余量的铝元素组成。In some embodiments, the die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of, by weight, 8.0%-9.5% silicon, less than 0.15% iron, 1.4%-2.2% copper, 1.2%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.8% manganese, less than 0.8% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum.
在一些实施方式中，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料由8.0％-8.5％的硅元素、0.15％以下的铁元素、1.4％-2.0％的铜元素、1.5％-1.8％的镁元素、0.5％-0.7％的锰元素、0.8％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.1％的钛元素、0.1％-0.15％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素、1.0％以下的杂质和余量的铝元素组成。In some embodiments, the die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of, by weight, 8.0%-8.5% silicon, less than 0.15% iron, 1.4%-2.0% copper, 1.5%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.7% manganese, less than 0.8% zinc, 0.08%-0.1% titanium, 0.1%-0.15% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum.
在一些实施方式中，所述压铸铝合金材料的屈服强度在230MPa以上。在一些实施方式中，所述压铸铝合金材料的屈服强度在240MPa以上。在一些实施方式中，所述压铸铝合金材料的屈服强度为240MPa-255MPa或240MPa-250MPa。In some embodiments, the yield strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 230 MPa. In some embodiments, the yield strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 240 MPa. In some embodiments, the yield strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is 240 MPa-255 MPa or 240 MPa-250 MPa.
在一些实施方式中，所述压铸铝合金材料的抗拉强度在360MPa以上。在一些实施方式中，所述压铸铝合金材料的抗拉强度在370MPa以上。 In some embodiments, the tensile strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 360 MPa. In some embodiments, the tensile strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 370 MPa.
在一些实施方式中，所述压铸铝合金材料的伸长率在3.0％以上。在一些实施方式中，所述压铸铝合金材料的伸长率在3.5％以上。In some embodiments, the elongation of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is greater than 3.0%. In some embodiments, the elongation of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is greater than 3.5%.
在一些实施方式中，所述压铸铝合金材料的硬度在115HB以上。In some embodiments, the hardness of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 115 HB.
在一些实施方式中，所述压铸铝合金材料的微观组织包括共晶硅相、AlFeMnSi相、Mg2Si相、Al2Cu、AlxMg5Si4Cu4中的至少一种。In some embodiments, the microstructure of the die-cast aluminum alloy material includes at least one of a eutectic silicon phase, an AlFeMnSi phase, a Mg2Si phase, Al2Cu, and AlxMg5Si4Cu4.
在第二方面，本申请提供的压铸铝合金材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a die-cast aluminum alloy material, comprising the following steps:
S1：将硅原料、锰原料、铜原料和铝原料混合后进行加热处理，得到第一熔体；S1: mixing a silicon raw material, a manganese raw material, a copper raw material and an aluminum raw material and performing a heating treatment to obtain a first melt;
S2：在第一温度下，将第一熔体与除渣剂混合除渣后，再加入钛原料、锆原料、锶原料和镁原料以及可选的锌原料，得到铝合金材料熔体；S2: mixing the first melt with a slag remover at a first temperature to remove slag, and then adding a titanium raw material, a zirconium raw material, a strontium raw material, a magnesium raw material and an optional zinc raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy material melt;
S3：将铝合金材料熔体进行压铸，得到所述压铸铝合金材料。S3: die-casting the aluminum alloy material melt to obtain the die-cast aluminum alloy material.
在一些实施方式中，硅原料选自铝硅中间合金、工业硅或速溶硅中的至少一种。在一些实施方式中，锰原料选自铝锰中间合金，例如Al-Mn10wt％。在一些实施方式中，铜原料选自铝铜中间合金，例如Al-Cu40wt％。在一些实施方式中，铝原料选自铝锭。在一些实施方式中，钛原料选自铝钛中间合金，例如Al-Ti10wt％。在一些实施方式中，锆原料选自铝锆中间合金，例如Al-Zr5wt％。在一些实施方式中，锶原料选自铝锶中间合金，例如Al-Sr10wt％。在一些实施方式中，镁原料选自镁块。在一些实施方式中，锌原料选自锌块。本申请中，合金中的Fe元素主要来源于原材料铝锭、中间合金或铁制工具带入。In some embodiments, the silicon raw material is selected from at least one of aluminum silicon master alloy, industrial silicon or quick-dissolving silicon. In some embodiments, the manganese raw material is selected from aluminum manganese master alloy, such as Al-Mn10wt%. In some embodiments, the copper raw material is selected from aluminum copper master alloy, such as Al-Cu40wt%. In some embodiments, the aluminum raw material is selected from aluminum ingot. In some embodiments, the titanium raw material is selected from aluminum titanium master alloy, such as Al-Ti10wt%. In some embodiments, the zirconium raw material is selected from aluminum zirconium master alloy, such as Al-Zr5wt%. In some embodiments, the strontium raw material is selected from aluminum strontium master alloy, such as Al-Sr10wt%. In some embodiments, the magnesium raw material is selected from magnesium block. In some embodiments, the zinc raw material is selected from zinc block. In the present application, the Fe element in the alloy is mainly derived from the raw material aluminum ingot, master alloy or iron tool.
在一些实施方式中，所述第一温度为740℃-760℃，例如为745℃、750℃或755℃。在一些实施方式中，除渣剂选自氯盐和氟盐中的至少一种。在一些实施方式中，氯盐选自氯化钠和/或氯化钾。在一些实施方式中，氟盐选自K3AlF6。在一些实施方式中，基于第一熔体的质量，除渣剂的质量含量为0.05％-0.2％，例如为0.1％或0.15％。In some embodiments, the first temperature is 740°C-760°C, for example, 745°C, 750°C or 755°C. In some embodiments, the deslagging agent is selected from at least one of a chloride salt and a fluoride salt. In some embodiments, the chloride salt is selected from sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride. In some embodiments, the fluoride salt is selected from K3AlF6. In some embodiments, based on the mass of the first melt, the mass content of the deslagging agent is 0.05%-0.2%, for example, 0.1% or 0.15%.
在一些实施方式中，在S3将铝合金材料熔体进行压铸之前，对铝合金材料熔体进行分析，当熔体化学成分符合需求之后，在730±5℃下，用高纯氮气或氩气对铝熔体进行除气精炼。在一些实施方式中，所述精炼的时间为10min-30min，例如15min、20min或25min。In some embodiments, before die-casting the aluminum alloy material melt in S3, the aluminum alloy material melt is analyzed, and when the chemical composition of the melt meets the requirements, the aluminum melt is degassed and refined with high-purity nitrogen or argon at 730±5° C. In some embodiments, the refining time is 10 min-30 min, such as 15 min, 20 min or 25 min.
在一些实施方式中，压铸包括：用模温机将铸模烘烤至200±20℃，机边炉内铝液温度调整至690±10℃，将压铸机工艺参数调整为：模具温度200±20℃，填充压力125Mpa，填充速度3.0±0.2m/s，合模压力400T，保压时间3.5s，压射冷却时间6.0s。In some embodiments, die casting includes: baking the mold to 200±20°C with a mold temperature controller, adjusting the temperature of the molten aluminum in the machine-side furnace to 690±10°C, and adjusting the process parameters of the die casting machine to: mold temperature 200±20°C, filling pressure 125Mpa, filling speed 3.0±0.2m/s, mold closing pressure 400T, holding time 3.5s, and injection cooling time 6.0s.
在一些实施方式中，压铸铝合金材料的制备方法包括以下具体步骤：投料前彻底清炉， 扒出灰渣，按计算重量投入金属硅、Al-Mn、Al-Cu中间合金和铝锭后，点火升温，炉内铝液温度控制在750±10℃。In some embodiments, the method for preparing the die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following specific steps: thoroughly cleaning the furnace before feeding, After removing the ash and slag, adding metallic silicon, Al-Mn, Al-Cu master alloy and aluminum ingot according to the calculated weight, igniting and heating, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the furnace is controlled at 750±10℃.
当铝液温度达到控制温度时，按铝液重量的0.15％将氯盐和氟盐混合制成的熔剂粉均匀的喷入炉底，再用耙子对铝液熔体搅拌10min，扒净液面浮渣后，加入Al-Ti、Al-Zr、Al-Sr和镁块以及可选的锌块，对熔体再次搅拌5min后，取光谱试样，成分分析结果满足预设含量。When the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches the control temperature, the flux powder made of a mixture of chloride salt and fluoride salt is evenly sprayed into the bottom of the furnace at a rate of 0.15% of the weight of the aluminum liquid, and the aluminum liquid is stirred for 10 minutes with a rake. After the slag on the liquid surface is scraped off, Al-Ti, Al-Zr, Al-Sr and magnesium blocks and optional zinc blocks are added. After the melt is stirred for another 5 minutes, a spectral sample is taken, and the component analysis results meet the preset content.
当熔体化学成分合格，其温度是730±5℃时，用高纯氮气或氩气对铝熔体进行除气精炼。精炼约20min，取合金减压密度试样，检测其密度≥2.68g/cm3时，停止除气，移出除气耙，扒净液面浮渣，静置15min开始压铸。When the melt chemical composition is qualified and the temperature is 730±5℃, use high-purity nitrogen or argon to degas and refine the aluminum melt. Refine for about 20 minutes, take the alloy decompression density sample, and when the density is ≥2.68g/cm3, stop degassing, remove the degassing rake, scrape off the slag on the liquid surface, let it stand for 15 minutes, and then start die casting.
开动压铸机，用模温机将铸模烘烤至200±20℃，机边炉内铝液温度调整至690±10℃，将压铸机工艺参数调整为：模具温度200±20℃，填充压力125Mpa，填充速度3.0±0.2m/s，合模压力400T，保压时间3.5s，压射冷却时间6.0s。Start the die-casting machine, use the mold temperature controller to bake the mold to 200±20℃, adjust the temperature of the molten aluminum in the machine-side furnace to 690±10℃, and adjust the process parameters of the die-casting machine to: mold temperature 200±20℃, filling pressure 125Mpa, filling speed 3.0±0.2m/s, mold closing pressure 400T, holding time 3.5s, and injection cooling time 6.0s.
在第三方面，本申请提供的电机壳体采用第一方面所述的压铸铝合金材料或第二方面所述的制备方法制备的压铸铝合金材料制备而成。In a third aspect, the motor housing provided in the present application is made of the die-cast aluminum alloy material described in the first aspect or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect.
在一些实施方式中，所述电机壳体为车辆中应用的电机壳体。在一些实施方式中，所述车辆包括车辆电动车辆、混合动力电动车辆、插电式混合动力电动车辆中的至少一种。In some embodiments, the motor housing is a motor housing used in a vehicle. In some embodiments, the vehicle includes at least one of an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
在第四方面，本申请提供了第一方面所述的压铸铝合金材料或第二方面所述的制备方法制备的压铸铝合金材料在车辆中的应用。在一些实施方式中，本申请提供了上述压铸铝合金材料在新能源车辆中的应用。In a fourth aspect, the present application provides the use of the die-cast aluminum alloy material described in the first aspect or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect in a vehicle. In some embodiments, the present application provides the use of the above die-cast aluminum alloy material in new energy vehicles.
在一些实施方式中，所述车辆包括车辆电动车辆、混合动力电动车辆、插电式混合动力电动车辆中的至少一种。In some embodiments, the vehicle comprises at least one of an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
实施例及对比例Examples and Comparative Examples
实施例1Example 1
投料前彻底清炉，扒出灰渣，按表1中的预期的合金成分计算重量投入硅、Al-Mn中间合金(Al-Mn10wt％)、Al-Cu中间合金(Al-Cu40wt％)和铝锭后，点火升温，炉内铝液温度控制在750±10℃。Before charging, the furnace is thoroughly cleaned and the ash is removed. Silicon, Al-Mn master alloy (Al-Mn 10wt%), Al-Cu master alloy (Al-Cu 40wt%) and aluminum ingot are added according to the weight calculated according to the expected alloy composition in Table 1. The furnace is ignited and heated to control the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the furnace at 750±10℃.
当铝液温度达到控制温度时，按铝液重量的0.15％将氯盐(NaCl+KCl)和氟盐(K3AlF6)混合制成的熔剂粉均匀的喷入炉底，再用耙子对铝液熔体搅拌10min，扒净液面浮渣后，加入按表1中的预期的合金成分计算重量的Al-Ti中间合金(Al-Ti10wt％)、Al-Zr中间 合金(Al-Zr5wt％)、Al-Sr中间合金(Al-Sr10wt％)、镁块和锌块，对熔体再次搅拌5min后，取光谱试样，成分分析结果满足预设含量。When the aluminum liquid temperature reaches the control temperature, the flux powder made of chloride salt (NaCl+KCl) and fluoride salt (K3AlF6) is evenly sprayed into the bottom of the furnace according to 0.15% of the weight of the aluminum liquid, and then the aluminum liquid is stirred for 10 minutes with a rake. After the slag on the liquid surface is scraped off, the Al-Ti master alloy (Al-Ti10wt%) and Al-Zr master alloy (calculated according to the expected alloy composition in Table 1) are added. alloy (Al-Zr5wt%), Al-Sr master alloy (Al-Sr10wt%), magnesium block and zinc block, after stirring the melt again for 5 minutes, take spectral samples, and the component analysis results meet the preset content.
当熔体化学成分合格，其温度是730±5℃时，用高纯氮气或氩气对铝熔体进行除气精炼。精炼约20min，取合金减压密度试样，检测其密度≥2.68g/cm3时，停止除气，移出除气耙，扒净液面浮渣，静置15min开始压铸。When the melt chemical composition is qualified and the temperature is 730±5℃, use high-purity nitrogen or argon to degas and refine the aluminum melt. Refine for about 20 minutes, take the alloy decompression density sample, and when the density is ≥2.68g/cm3, stop degassing, remove the degassing rake, scrape off the slag on the liquid surface, let it stand for 15 minutes, and then start die casting.
开动压铸机，用模温机将铸模烘烤至200±20℃，机边炉内铝液温度调整至690±10℃，将压铸机工艺参数调整为：模具温度200±20℃，填充压力125Mpa，填充速度3.0±0.2m/s，合模压力400T，保压时间3.5s，压射冷却时间6.0s。Start the die-casting machine, use the mold temperature controller to bake the mold to 200±20℃, adjust the temperature of the molten aluminum in the machine-side furnace to 690±10℃, and adjust the process parameters of the die-casting machine to: mold temperature 200±20℃, filling pressure 125Mpa, filling speed 3.0±0.2m/s, mold closing pressure 400T, holding time 3.5s, and injection cooling time 6.0s.
压铸好的试棒置于室温环境，经48h自然时效后用拉伸试验机进行力学性能检测，具体性能参数参见表1。The die-cast test bars were placed in a room temperature environment and subjected to 48 h of natural aging for mechanical property testing using a tensile testing machine. The specific performance parameters are shown in Table 1.
实施例2-实施例6及对比例1Example 2-Example 6 and Comparative Example 1
实施例2-实施例6及对比例1的合金材料的制备过程与实施例1相同，不同之处仅在于根据表1中的预期的合金成分调整不同的原料的加入量。 The preparation process of the alloy materials of Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 is the same as that of Example 1, the only difference being that the addition amounts of different raw materials are adjusted according to the expected alloy composition in Table 1.
测试结果Test Results
表1
Table 1
虽然已经说明和描述了本申请的一些示例性实施方式，然而本申请不限于所公开的实施方式。相反，本领域普通技术人员将认识到，在不脱离如所附权利要求中描述的本申请的精神和范围的情况下，可对所描述的实施方式进行一些修饰和改变。 Although some exemplary embodiments of the present application have been illustrated and described, the present application is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, those skilled in the art will recognize that some modifications and changes may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as described in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种压铸铝合金材料，以重量计，其包括：8.0％-11.0％的硅元素、0.5％以下的铁元素、1.0％-3.0％的铜元素、0.5％-2.5％的镁元素、0.5％-1.2％的锰元素、1.3％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素和1.0％以下的杂质，其中，所述铜元素与镁元素的质量比为(0.5-2.0):1。A die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises, by weight: 8.0%-11.0% silicon, less than 0.5% iron, 1.0%-3.0% copper, 0.5%-2.5% magnesium, 0.5%-1.2% manganese, less than 1.3% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium and less than 1.0% impurities, wherein the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.5-2.0):1.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的压铸铝合金材料，其特征在于，以重量计，其由8.0％-11.0％的硅元素、0.5％以下的铁元素、1.0％-3.0％的铜元素、0.5％-2.5％的镁元素、0.5％-1.2％的锰元素、1.3％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素、1.0％以下的杂质和余量的铝元素组成。The die-casting aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, by weight, it consists of 8.0%-11.0% silicon, less than 0.5% iron, 1.0%-3.0% copper, 0.5%-2.5% magnesium, 0.5%-1.2% manganese, less than 1.3% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的压铸铝合金材料，其特征在于，所述铜元素与镁元素的质量比为(0.7-1.85):1，优选为(0.8-1.5):1。The die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the mass ratio of the copper element to the magnesium element is (0.7-1.85):1, preferably (0.8-1.5):1.
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的压铸铝合金材料，其特征在于，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料包括：8.0％-10.5％的硅元素、0.2％以下的铁元素、1.3％-2.5％的铜元素、1.0％-2.0％的镁元素、0.5％-1.0％的锰元素、1.0％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素和1.0％以下的杂质。The die-cast aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, by weight, the die-cast aluminum alloy material comprises: 8.0%-10.5% silicon, less than 0.2% iron, 1.3%-2.5% copper, 1.0%-2.0% magnesium, 0.5%-1.0% manganese, less than 1.0% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium and less than 1.0% impurities.
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的压铸铝合金材料，其特征在于，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料包括：8.0％-9.5％的硅元素、0.15％以下的铁元素、1.4％-2.2％的铜元素、1.2％-1.8％的镁元素、0.5％-0.8％的锰元素、0.8％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素和1.0％以下的杂质。The die-cast aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, by weight, the die-cast aluminum alloy material comprises: 8.0%-9.5% silicon, 0.15% or less iron, 1.4%-2.2% copper, 1.2%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.8% manganese, 0.8% or less zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium and less than 1.0% impurities.
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的压铸铝合金材料，其特征在于，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料由8.0％-10.5％的硅元素、0.2％以下的铁元素、1.3％-2.5％的铜元素、1.0％-2.0％的镁元素、0.5％-1.0％的锰元素、1.0％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素、1.0％以下的杂质和余量的铝元素组成，The die-cast aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, by weight, the die-cast aluminum alloy material consists of 8.0%-10.5% silicon, less than 0.2% iron, 1.3%-2.5% copper, 1.0%-2.0% magnesium, 0.5%-1.0% manganese, less than 1.0% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder of aluminum,
    优选地，以重量计，所述压铸铝合金材料由8.0％-9.5％的硅元素、0.15％以下的铁元素、1.4％-2.2％的铜元素、1.2％-1.8％的镁元素、0.5％-0.8％的锰元素、0.8％以下的锌元素、0.08％-0.15％的钛元素、0.1％-0.2％的锆元素、0.02％-0.04％的锶元素、1.0％以下的杂质和余量的铝元素组成。Preferably, the die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of 8.0%-9.5% silicon, less than 0.15% iron, 1.4%-2.2% copper, 1.2%-1.8% magnesium, 0.5%-0.8% manganese, less than 0.8% zinc, 0.08%-0.15% titanium, 0.1%-0.2% zirconium, 0.02%-0.04% strontium, less than 1.0% impurities and the remainder aluminum, by weight.
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的压铸铝合金材料，其特征在于，所述压铸铝合金材料的屈服强度在230MPa以上，优选在240MPa以上；和/或The die-cast aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the yield strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 230 MPa, preferably above 240 MPa; and/or
    所述压铸铝合金材料的抗拉强度在360MPa以上，优选在370MPa以上；和/或 The tensile strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 360 MPa, preferably above 370 MPa; and/or
    所述压铸铝合金材料的伸长率在3.0％以上，优选在3.5％以上；和/或The elongation of the die-cast aluminum alloy material is above 3.0%, preferably above 3.5%; and/or
    所述压铸铝合金材料的硬度在115HB以上。The hardness of the die-casting aluminum alloy material is above 115HB.
  8. 一种根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的压铸铝合金材料的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a die-cast aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
    S1：将硅原料、锰原料、铜原料和铝原料混合后进行第一加热处理，得到第一熔体；S1: mixing a silicon raw material, a manganese raw material, a copper raw material and an aluminum raw material and performing a first heating treatment to obtain a first melt;
    S2：在第一温度下，将第一熔体与除渣剂混合除渣后，再加入钛原料、锆原料、锶原料和镁原料以及可选的锌原料，得到铝合金材料熔体；S2: mixing the first melt with a slag remover at a first temperature to remove slag, and then adding a titanium raw material, a zirconium raw material, a strontium raw material, a magnesium raw material and an optional zinc raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy material melt;
    S3：将铝合金材料熔体进行压铸，得到所述压铸铝合金材料。S3: die-casting the aluminum alloy material melt to obtain the die-cast aluminum alloy material.
  9. 一种电机壳体，其采用权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的压铸铝合金材料或权利要求8所述的制备方法制备的压铸铝合金材料制备而成。A motor housing is made of the die-cast aluminum alloy material described in any one of claims 1 to 7 or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method described in claim 8.
  10. 一种权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的压铸铝合金材料或权利要求8所述的制备方法制备的压铸铝合金材料在车辆中的应用，尤其是在新能源车辆中的应用。 Use of the die-cast aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the die-cast aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8 in vehicles, especially in new energy vehicles.
PCT/CN2023/130554 2022-11-11 2023-11-08 Die-cast aluminum alloy material, preparation method therefor, and use thereof WO2024099374A1 (en)

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