WO2024098645A1

WO2024098645A1 - Multi-source sensing-based wind turbine full-state monitoring system

Info

Publication number: WO2024098645A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/085854
Authority: WO
Inventors: 杜静宇; 任鑫; 王�华; 王恩民; 赵鹏程; 万抒策; 李邦兴; 张新丽; 王一妹; 魏昂昂
Original assignee: 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
Priority date: 2022-11-10
Filing date: 2023-04-03
Publication date: 2024-05-16
Also published as: CN115750229A

Abstract

A multi-source sensing-based wind turbine full-state monitoring system, comprising: blade monitoring systems (1), a tower monitoring system (2), a CMS detection system (3), a hub (4), a nacelle (5), an audio system (6), a video system (7), a wireless transmission module (8), a nacelle exchanger (9), an optical fiber ring network (10), a tower exchanger (11), an integrated data acquisition apparatus (12), a server (13), and a centralized control center (14). By means of the blade monitoring systems (1), the tower monitoring system (2), the CMS detection system (3), the audio system (6), and the video system (7), integrated data acquisition is carried out on multiple parameters such as vibration, sound, and video, comprehensively covering the operational states of core components such as turbine blades, a tower, and a transmission chain, thereby achieving full-state monitoring of key core components of the wind turbine. Multiple types of signals having multiple acquisition frequencies are transmitted to the integrated data acquisition apparatus (12) via wired/wireless hybrid communication, and then data preprocessing may be carried out. On the basis of the acquisition and analysis of the state monitoring data, comprehensive monitoring of the operational state of the wind turbine may be effectively performed, thereby implementing fault early warning and predictive operation and maintenance.

Description

A wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to a Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office on November 10, 2022, with application number 202211407029.2 and invention name “A full-state monitoring system for wind turbines based on multi-source sensing”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in this application.

Technical Field

The present application belongs to the field of wind power technology, and specifically relates to a wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing.

Background technique

In recent years, the wind power industry has faced the pressure of subsidy reduction and ultimately achieving grid parity, and the demand for cost reduction in the wind power industry has been further strengthened. Wind turbine manufacturers generally reduce the cost per kilowatt-hour by reducing the use of unit parts to reduce the cost of wind turbines, diluting non-equipment costs, and increasing the number of power generation hours. The reduction in manufacturing costs generally reduces the safety redundancy in the design stage of wind turbines, and the disadvantages caused by blade weight reduction, tower weight reduction, and system reduction are gradually emerging. Serious accidents have occurred frequently in wind turbines recently, and the safe operation of the units has been greatly challenged.

By monitoring the operating status of wind turbines in real time, early warning of faults, predictive operation and maintenance, etc. can be achieved. Currently, there is a lack of unified industry standards for status monitoring of wind turbines, the monitoring scope is seriously insufficient, and the monitoring methods are mainly concentrated on some structural sensors.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing to solve the problem of insufficient range in the existing wind turbine state monitoring.

In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

The present application provides a wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing, comprising:

Blade monitoring system, tower monitoring system, CMS (Condition Monitoring System) monitoring system, wireless transmission transmission module, cabin switch, tower switch, integrated data acquisition device, server and centralized control center; each blade is equipped with a blade monitoring system, and multiple tower monitoring systems are arranged on the outside of the tower; the CMS monitoring system and the wireless transmission module are connected to the cabin switch, the cabin switch is connected to the tower switch, the blade monitoring system is connected to the wireless transmission module, and the tower monitoring system is connected to the tower switch; the tower switch, integrated data acquisition device, server and centralized control center are connected in sequence.

Optionally, the CMS monitoring system and the cabin switch are both arranged in the cabin.

Optionally, the wireless transmission module is installed in the wheel hub.

Optionally, the cabin switch is connected to the tower switch via a fiber optic ring network.

Optionally, the blade monitoring system includes an audio system, a bolt sensor and a load sensor; the audio system, the bolt sensor and the load sensor are all connected to the wireless transmission module; the audio system is installed on the top of the cabin, and the bolt sensor is installed at the connection between the blade and the hub to monitor the looseness of the bolts at the root of the blade; the load sensor is installed at the position of the blade close to the hub to monitor the blade load.

Optionally, the blade monitoring system also includes a lightning strike sensor, a blade vibration sensor and an ice sensor; the lightning strike sensor, the blade vibration sensor and the ice sensor are all connected to the wireless transmission module; the lightning strike sensor is installed on one side of the load sensor to monitor the lightning strike of the blade; the blade vibration sensor is installed at a position one-third of the distance from the blade root to monitor the vibration of the blade; the ice sensor is installed at the leading edge of the blade to monitor the icing of the blade.

Optionally, the tower monitoring system includes a video system and a tower bolt sensor; the video system and the tower bolt sensor are both connected to a tower switch; the video system is installed on the top of the nacelle; and a plurality of tower bolt sensors are installed at the connection between the tower and the blades.

Optionally, the tower monitoring system further comprises a tower stress sensor, an inclination sensor and a vibration acceleration sensor; the tower stress sensor, the inclination sensor and the vibration acceleration sensor are all connected to the tower switch; an inclination sensor is installed at the bottom and the top of the tower respectively to monitor the inclination degree of the tower and the foundation settlement; A vibration acceleration sensor is installed to monitor the vibration of the tower; the tower stress sensor is installed according to the finite element analysis results of the tower and the distribution of concentrated stress at different positions.

Optionally, the tower is divided into five sections along the axial direction: section A, section B, section C, section D and section E; each section is respectively deployed with a tower stress sensor along the four directions of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°.

Optionally, the sections A and E are further installed with an inclination sensor and a vibration acceleration sensor, and the section C is further installed with a vibration acceleration sensor.

This application has at least the following beneficial effects:

1. This application uses the blade monitoring system, tower monitoring system and CMS monitoring system to collect data on multiple parameters such as vibration, sound, and video in an integrated manner, comprehensively covering the operating status of core components such as wind turbine blades, towers, and transmission chains, and realizing full-state monitoring of key core components of wind turbines. It can effectively avoid serious accidents during the operation of the units and improve the operation and maintenance management level of wind farms. After signals of various types and frequencies are transmitted to the integrated data acquisition device via wired/wireless hybrid communication, data preprocessing can be performed. Based on the collection, analysis and processing of status monitoring data, the operating status of wind turbines can be effectively monitored comprehensively, thereby realizing early warning of faults and predictive operation and maintenance.

2. In this application, the blade signal is first transmitted from the hub to the nacelle through the wireless communication module, and then transmitted to the switch at the bottom of the tower via the optical fiber ring network, realizing a wired/wireless hybrid communication mode to ensure safe and reliable data transmission.

3. The integrated data acquisition device in this application has the characteristics of multi-channel, wide frequency domain, and scalability, realizing integrated measurement of multiple types, multiple signals, and multiple parameters, and can pre-process the monitoring data of blades, towers, and CMS systems, and has edge computing capabilities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wind turbine full-state monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a blade monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tower monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the system workflow provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Figure numerals: 1. Blade monitoring system; 2. Tower monitoring system; 3. CMS monitoring system; 4. Hub; 5. Cabin; 6. Audio system; 7. Video system; 8. Wireless transmission module; 9. Cabin switch; 10. Fiber optic ring network; 11. Tower switch; 12. Integrated data acquisition device; 13. Server; 14. Centralized control center; 15. Bolt sensor; 16. Load sensor; 17. Lightning strike sensor; 18. Blade vibration sensor; 19. Icing sensor; 20. Tower stress sensor; 21. Tilt sensor; 22. Vibration acceleration sensor; 23. Tower bolt sensor.

Detailed ways

The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.

The following detailed descriptions are all exemplary descriptions, and are intended to provide further detailed descriptions of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms used in the present application have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the present application are only for describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing includes:

Blade monitoring system 1, tower monitoring system 2, CMS monitoring system 3, wireless transmission module 8, cabin switch 9, tower switch 11, integrated data acquisition device 12, server 13 and centralized control center 14; each blade is provided with a blade monitoring system 1, multiple tower monitoring systems 2 are arranged on the outside of the tower, the CMS monitoring system 3 and cabin switch 9 are both arranged in the cabin 5, the CMS monitoring system 3 is connected to the cabin switch 9 through a connecting line, and the wireless transmission module 8 is installed in the hub 4; the cabin switch 9 is connected to the tower switch 11 through a fiber optic ring network 10, the tower switch 11, the integrated data acquisition device 12, the server 13 and the centralized control center 14 are connected in sequence, and the integrated data acquisition device 12, the server 13 and the centralized control center 14 are connected through the fiber optic ring network 10.

The blade monitoring system 1 is connected to the wireless transmission module 8 via wireless signals, and the wireless transmission module 8 is connected to the cabin switch 9 via wireless signals; the tower monitoring system 2 and the wireless transmission module 8 are both connected to the tower switch 11.

The CMS monitoring system 3 generally uses high-frequency and full-frequency vibration sensors to monitor the main bearing vibration, gearbox vibration, and generator bearing vibration. The deployment and number of measurement points can refer to relevant industry standards, and it has basically become a standard configuration for wind turbines.

The blade monitoring system 1 includes an audio system 6, a bolt sensor 15, a load sensor 16, a lightning strike sensor 17, a blade vibration sensor 18 and an ice sensor 19; the audio system 6 is installed on the top of the nacelle 5. Since the fan will make an abnormal sound when a serious fault occurs, the audio signal feature extraction can be used to make a preliminary judgment on the fan state, and then combined with other sensing and monitoring methods to achieve accurate positioning of the fan fault. The bolt sensor 15 is installed at the connection between the blade and the hub 4. It determines whether the bolt is loose based on the gap between the bolt connecting the root of the blade and the flange or the bolt stress distribution, and is used to monitor the looseness of the bolt at the root of the blade. The load sensor 16 is installed at the position of the blade close to the hub 4. The blade is generally subjected to a large load stress at the root of the blade, and material fatigue is prone to occur. Therefore, the load sensor 16 is deployed near the root of the blade to monitor the blade load. The lightning strike sensor 17 is installed on one side of the load sensor 16 to monitor the lightning strike of the blade; the blade vibration sensor 18 is installed at a position one-third of the distance from the blade root to monitor the vibration of the blade; the icing sensor 19 is installed at the leading edge of the blade to monitor the icing of the blade. The audio system 6, the bolt sensor 15, the load sensor 16, the lightning strike sensor 17, the blade vibration sensor 18 and the icing sensor 19 are all connected to the wireless transmission module 8 through wireless signals.

The tower monitoring system 2 includes a video system 7, a tower stress sensor 20, a tilt sensor 21, a vibration acceleration sensor 22 and a tower bolt sensor 23; the video system 7 is installed on the top of the nacelle 5 to monitor the distance between the blade and the tower, i.e., the clearance, in an image manner. A tilt sensor 21 is installed at the bottom and top of the tower to monitor the inclination of the tower and the foundation settlement. A vibration acceleration sensor 22 is installed at the top, middle and bottom of the tower to monitor the vibration of the tower. The tower stress sensor 20 is installed according to the finite element analysis results of the tower and the distribution of concentrated stress at different positions of the tower. A plurality of tower bolt sensors 23 are installed at the flange connection between the tower and the blade.

The video system 7, the tower stress sensor 20, the tilt sensor 21, the vibration acceleration sensor 22 and the tower bolt sensor 23 are connected to the tower switch 11 via wireless signals.

The tower is divided into five sections along the axis direction, namely Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. A tower stress sensor 20 is deployed in each section along the four directions of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°; Section A and Section E are also equipped with an inclination sensor 21 and a vibration acceleration sensor 22, and Section C is also equipped with a vibration acceleration sensor 22.

As shown in FIG4 , a workflow of a wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing includes:

Blade monitoring signals include blade vibration, blade load, blade lightning strike, blade icing, blade root bolts, and audio signals. Tower monitoring signals include tower vibration, tower load, tower inclination, tower bolts, foundation settlement, and video clearance. CMS system monitoring signals include main bearing vibration, gearbox vibration, and generator bearing vibration, covering the full state monitoring of key core components of the wind turbine. The blade signal is first transmitted from the hub 4 to the cabin switch 9 through the wireless transmission module 8, and the CMS system signal is directly connected to the cabin switch 9, and then transmitted to the tower switch 11 at the bottom of the tower through the cabin switch 9 and the optical fiber ring network 10. The tower monitoring signal is directly connected to the tower switch 11; the tower switch 11 is connected to the integrated data acquisition device 12, which has the characteristics of multi-channel, wide frequency domain, and scalability, and realizes the integrated measurement of multiple types, multiple signals, and multiple parameters.

Finally, the full status monitoring data of the wind turbine generator set is connected to the server of the wind farm centralized control center 14 through the wind farm Ethernet optical fiber ring network.

It is known from common technical knowledge that the present application can be implemented by other embodiments that do not deviate from its spirit or essential features. Therefore, the above disclosed embodiments are only illustrative in all respects and are not exclusive. All changes within the scope of the present application or within the scope equivalent to the present application are included in the present application.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application rather than to limit it. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present application can still be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. They should all be included in the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

A wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing, characterized by comprising:

A blade monitoring system (1), a tower monitoring system (2), a CMS monitoring system (3), a wireless transmission module (8), a cabin switch (9), a tower switch (11), an integrated data acquisition device (12), a server (13) and a centralized control center (14); each blade is provided with a blade monitoring system (1), and a plurality of tower monitoring systems (2) are provided on the outside of the tower; the CMS monitoring system (3) and the wireless transmission module (8) are both connected to the cabin switch (9), the cabin switch (9) is connected to the tower switch (11), the blade monitoring system (1) is connected to the wireless transmission module (8), and the tower monitoring system (2) is connected to the tower switch (11); the tower switch (11), the integrated data acquisition device (12), the server (13) and the centralized control center (14) are connected in sequence.
According to the wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the CMS monitoring system (3) and the cabin switch (9) are both arranged in the cabin (5).
The wind turbine generator system full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that the wireless transmission module (8) is installed in the wheel hub (4).
According to the wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the cabin switch (9) is connected to the tower switch (11) through an optical fiber ring network (10).
According to a wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the blade monitoring system (1) includes an audio system (6), a bolt sensor (15) and a load sensor (16); the audio system (6), the bolt sensor (15) and the load sensor (16) are all connected to the wireless transmission module (8); the audio system (6) is installed on the top of the cabin (5), and the bolt sensor (15) is installed at the connection between the blade and the hub (4) to monitor the loosening of the bolts at the root of the blade; the load sensor (16) is installed at the position of the blade close to the hub (4) to monitor the load of the blade.
A wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that the blade monitoring system (1) further comprises a lightning strike sensor (17), a blade vibration sensor (18) and an ice sensor (19); The lightning strike sensor (17), the blade vibration sensor (18) and the icing sensor (19) are all connected to the wireless transmission module (8); the lightning strike sensor (17) is installed on one side of the load sensor (16) to monitor the lightning strike of the blade; the blade vibration sensor (18) is installed at a position one-third of the distance from the blade root to monitor the vibration of the blade; and the icing sensor (19) is installed at the leading edge of the blade to monitor the icing of the blade.
According to a wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the tower monitoring system (2) includes a video system (7) and a tower bolt sensor (23); the video system (7) and the tower bolt sensor (23) are both connected to the tower switch (11); the video system (7) is installed on the top of the cabin (5); and a plurality of tower bolt sensors (23) are installed at the connection between the tower and the blades.
According to a wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing as described in claim 7, it is characterized in that the tower monitoring system (2) also includes a tower stress sensor (20), a tilt sensor (21) and a vibration acceleration sensor (22); the tower stress sensor (20), the tilt sensor (21) and the vibration acceleration sensor (22) are all connected to the tower switch (11); a tilt sensor (21) is installed at the bottom and the top of the tower respectively, for monitoring the inclination of the tower and the foundation settlement; a vibration acceleration sensor (22) is installed at the top, middle and bottom of the tower respectively, for monitoring the vibration of the tower; the tower stress sensor (20) is installed according to the finite element analysis results of the tower and the concentrated stress distribution at different positions.
According to the wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing as described in claim 8, it is characterized in that the tower is divided into five sections along the axial direction: section A, section B, section C, section D and section E; each section is respectively deployed with a tower stress sensor (20) along the four directions of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°.
According to the wind turbine full-state monitoring system based on multi-source sensing as described in claim 9, it is characterized in that the section A and the section E are also equipped with an inclination sensor (21) and a vibration acceleration sensor (22), and the section C is also equipped with a vibration acceleration sensor (22).