WO2024093868A1 - 车用光学装饰膜片及用于车辆内部的光学饰件总成 - Google Patents

车用光学装饰膜片及用于车辆内部的光学饰件总成 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024093868A1
WO2024093868A1 PCT/CN2023/127546 CN2023127546W WO2024093868A1 WO 2024093868 A1 WO2024093868 A1 WO 2024093868A1 CN 2023127546 W CN2023127546 W CN 2023127546W WO 2024093868 A1 WO2024093868 A1 WO 2024093868A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
decorative film
optical
light
texture
optical decorative
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/127546
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张吉祥
Original Assignee
延锋国际汽车技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 延锋国际汽车技术有限公司 filed Critical 延锋国际汽车技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024093868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024093868A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
    • B60Q3/217—Doors, e.g. door sills; Steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
    • B60Q3/267—Door handles; Hand grips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
    • B60Q3/283—Steering wheels; Gear levers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/50—Mounting arrangements
    • B60Q3/54—Lighting devices embedded in interior trim, e.g. in roof liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/12—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements by surface treatment, e.g. by irradiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of optical decorations, and more specifically to an optical decoration film suitable for vehicles and an optical decoration assembly having the optical decoration film.
  • Traditional decorative films are formed by coating the film with ink printing technology, for example. Due to the limitation of ink materials, the texture of the pattern is relatively poor, and because a single coating of a single color is usually used, it is difficult to obtain a pattern with rich layers of visual effects.
  • decorative films are combined with backlight sources to form optical accessories to enhance the decorativeness of the pattern.
  • backlight sources due to the superposition of coatings, there is a contradiction between the film in satisfying the optical effect and the backlight effect. If the film is guaranteed to have a high gloss effect, it is difficult to ensure the light transmittance of the film. Therefore, existing decorative films cannot meet the experience needs of manufacturers and consumers for diversified optical effects.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical decorative film for a vehicle, which has an improved overall light transmittance and can present different surface effects in different areas.
  • an optical decorative film for a vehicle, which has an improved overall light transmittance and can present different surface effects in different areas.
  • By designing the different film layers of the film a rich visual effect can be obtained.
  • the optical decorative film is applied to an optical trim assembly, by integrating different functional components, it can meet the diversified needs of consumers and improve the user experience.
  • an optical decorative film for a vehicle comprising: a base layer; a texture structure; a focusing structure; wherein at least a partial area of the upper surface of the optical decorative film is set as a focusing area, and light emitted by a backlight source located below the optical decorative film passes through the focusing structure, so that the focusing area has an increased light transmittance compared to the peripheral area of the focusing area, so as to present a different surface effect on the upper surface of the optical decorative film.
  • the present invention may further include any one or more of the following optional forms.
  • the peripheral area of the light-concentrating area is light-transmissive or light-opaque.
  • the upper surface of the optical decorative film is provided with a plurality of light-collecting areas, and the light transmittance of each of the light-collecting areas is the same or different.
  • the areas of the upper surface of the optical decorative film covered by the various light-focusing regions are the same or different.
  • the texture structure includes optical adhesive, and the optical adhesive is attached to the base layer by transfer or embossing.
  • the texture structure is formed on one surface of the base layer.
  • the light-concentrating area is formed on the texture structure, the texture structure of the light-concentrating area is less than the texture structure of the peripheral area, or the light-concentrating area has no texture structure.
  • a coating layer is further included, wherein the coating layer is attached to the surface of the texture structure.
  • the light-focusing structure is formed in any one of the texture structure, the base layer, and the coating layer.
  • the light-focusing structure includes one of 1) a micro-nano lens; and 2) micro-nano particles attached to at least a partial area of the texture structure.
  • the micro-nano lens is attached to a surface of any one of the texture structure, the base layer, and the coating layer.
  • the micro-nano lens includes any one of a convex lens, a concave lens, and a Fresnel lens.
  • the micro-nano lens is a Fresnel lens attached to the surface of any one of the texture structure, the base layer, and the coating layer by optical adhesive transfer, embossing, or secondary transfer.
  • the micro-nanoparticles include injection-molded particles, metal particles, and glass particles.
  • the coating layer includes a single film or is formed by stacking multiple films.
  • the local The local area is an oxide medium
  • the peripheral area of the local area is a metal medium or a mixed medium of a metal medium and an oxide medium
  • the multilayer film includes at least one layer of oxide medium and at least one layer of metal medium or a mixed medium of a metal medium and an oxide medium.
  • the focusing area includes a groove formed on the texture structure to form a first focusing area, and a second focusing area formed on the coating layer, wherein the second focusing area corresponds to the position of the first focusing area and the material of the second focusing area is embedded in the first focusing area.
  • a light-focusing area is formed on the base layer, and the material of the light-focusing area has a higher light transmittance than the peripheral area, or the light-focusing area is formed by an opening.
  • the texture structure includes a plurality of grooves, and the plurality of grooves are arranged to have different depths, shapes or surface areas.
  • the surface effect includes at least one of brushed texture, checkered texture, gradient texture, starry sky texture, imitation stone texture, wood grain texture, fabric texture, landscape texture, crystal texture, lens texture, three-dimensional relief, text, graphics, symbols, numbers, beacons, and trademarks.
  • the automotive optical decorative film provides at least one of the following optical effects: (a) a projection effect and/or a decorative effect and/or a color effect and/or a pattern effect and/or a surface effect provided by the optical decorative film, and/or (b) a depth of field effect and/or a decorative effect and/or a color effect and/or a pattern effect and/or a surface effect provided by the upper surface of the optical decorative film, and/or (c) a lighting effect provided by a backlight source, and/or (d) a lighting effect provided by light emitted by the backlight source passing through the optical decorative film, and/or (e) a lighting effect provided by light emitted by the backlight source passing through the optical decorative film and the upper surface, and/or (f) a daytime effect, and/or (g) a nighttime effect.
  • an optical trim assembly for vehicle interior, the optical trim assembly comprising the above-mentioned automotive optical decorative film, and a substrate, wherein the substrate is attached to at least one surface of the optical decorative film by integral injection molding or optical adhesive.
  • a backlight source is further included, which is arranged on a side of the substrate away from the observer, and the light emitted by the backlight source passes through the optical decorative film to present different surface effects in the focusing area and the peripheral area of the optical decorative film.
  • the optical decorative film of the present invention provides a texture structure and a light-gathering structure, thereby
  • the optical decorative film can present different texture effects or decorative effects under the condition of external ambient light, and improve the light transmittance of the film under backlight conditions, thereby improving the brightness of the film.
  • an optical decorative part assembly by integrating functional components such as a backlight source, it also provides a rich and varied optical effect, thereby improving the aesthetics and comfort of the optical decorative part assembly when in use.
  • the optical decorative film and optical decorative part assembly of the present invention can be applied to a variety of occasions to meet the diverse needs of consumers.
  • FIG1A is an overall schematic diagram of the exterior of a vehicle
  • FIG1B is a schematic diagram of the interior of a vehicle, showing various suitable locations where the optical trim assembly may be arranged;
  • FIG1C is a schematic diagram of another perspective of the interior of the vehicle, showing a suitable location where the optical trim assembly may be arranged;
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an optical decorative film according to an embodiment, showing a texture structure
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an optical decorative film according to another embodiment, showing a coating layer
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an optical decorative film according to another embodiment, showing a pattern layer
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an optical decorative film according to another embodiment, showing a color layer
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an optical decorative film according to another embodiment, showing a protective layer
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an optical trim assembly according to an embodiment
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the surface effect of a beacon pattern presented by an optical decorative film in one embodiment
  • FIG. 9A is similar to FIG. 2 , and shows a schematic diagram of an optical decorative film according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a Fresnel lens is attached to a texture structure to form a light-collecting structure;
  • FIG9B is a schematic diagram of an optical decorative film according to another embodiment of the present invention, showing a Fresnel lens attached to a substrate layer;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an optical trim assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a Fresnel lens attached to a textured structure and a backlight source;
  • FIG11 is similar to FIG10 , showing a Fresnel lens attached to a coating layer
  • FIG12A is a schematic diagram of light from a backlight source directly passing through a texture structure
  • FIG12B is a schematic diagram of light from a backlight source passing through a texture structure via a Fresnel lens
  • FIG12C is a schematic diagram showing that a plurality of Fresnel lenses are disposed on a texture structure, and light from a backlight source passes through the texture structure via the Fresnel lenses;
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a light-concentrating structure according to another embodiment, showing micro-nanoparticles attached to a local area of a texture structure;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an optical trim assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention, showing a light-collecting area formed on a base layer, a texture structure, a coating layer, and a backlight source;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of forming a light-focusing area on a texture structure and a coating layer according to another embodiment.
  • pluricity or “multi-layers” means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
  • outside and inside are directions relative to an observer, with “outside” referring to the direction facing the observer and “inside” referring to the direction away from the observer.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • vehicle as used herein includes but is not limited to vehicles, boats, , airplanes, etc., where “vehicle” includes fuel vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles, etc., and can be various types of vehicles, such as small cars, buses, rail vehicles, etc., and is not limited to the figure.
  • vehicle includes fuel vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles, etc., and can be various types of vehicles, such as small cars, buses, rail vehicles, etc., and is not limited to the figure.
  • the optical decorative film and optical decorative component assembly are applied to small cars as vehicle interior parts, but it does not exclude that the present invention can be applied to other types of vehicles or other applicable occasions.
  • the thickness of each layer structure in the optical decorative film is within the thickness range generally suitable for use in the art and is not limited to that shown in the figure.
  • the film layer of the present invention may also be a curved surface.
  • the surface of the optical decorative component assembly may also use a special coating or film layer to provide functions such as durability and/or comfort.
  • FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C show an example of an optical trim assembly applied to a small car V as a vehicle interior.
  • the optical trim assembly is arranged, for example, on any of the dashboard upper trim panel V1, dashboard lower trim panel V2, center console trim panel V3, sub-dashboard V4, steering wheel V5, door side trim panel V6, door handle V7, and roof trim panel V8 shown in FIG. 1C. It should be understood that the optical trim assembly can also be arranged at any other unmarked position in the car as needed.
  • Existing optical decorative films usually use ink printing to form patterns, or combine the texture of the decorative panel surface (such as wood grain or marble texture) to present a decorative texture effect on the panel surface.
  • the pattern can be displayed by turning on the light source or hiding the pattern by turning off the light source to obtain a changing pattern visual effect.
  • the existing optical decorative films are not satisfactory in practical application and experience, and more abundant visual effects such as three-dimensional effects and dynamic pattern changes are expected.
  • an optical decorative film for a vehicle comprising: a base layer and a texture structure, and a focusing structure, wherein at least a partial area of the upper surface of the optical decorative film is set as a focusing area, and light emitted by a backlight source located below the optical decorative film passes through the focusing structure, so that the focusing area has an increased light transmittance compared to the peripheral area of the focusing area, so as to present a different surface effect on the upper surface of the optical decorative film.
  • the texture structure refers to a 3D microstructure at the micron or even nanometer level, such as a microscopic V-shaped groove, an arc groove or other concave structure, or a raised protrusion structure, which can be formed into a simulated three-dimensional texture effect, a relief effect, etc., preferably by optical glue transfer or transfer technology.
  • the embossing is formed on at least one surface.
  • the texture structure can also be produced by mechanical processing, chemical etching, photolithography or other processes that can achieve the same result.
  • the surface arranged with the texture structure includes but is not limited to the surface of the substrate layer, and/or the surface of each optional film layer constituting the optical decorative film, and/or the surface of the texture structure itself in the form of a film layer.
  • the upper surface of the optical decorative film refers to the surface that is usually facing the observer.
  • the optical decorative film of the present invention is constructed to present different surface effects on the upper surface under the condition of external ambient light illumination, and has an improved light transmittance under the condition of backlight illumination, thereby providing a rich decorative effect.
  • the surface effect includes at least one of brushed texture, checkered texture, gradient texture, starry sky texture, imitation stone texture, wood grain texture, fabric texture, landscape texture, crystal texture, lens texture, three-dimensional relief, text, graphics, symbols, numbers, beacons, and trademarks.
  • the texture structure includes a plurality of texture units, and the texture structures of each texture unit are different, so that the upper surface of the optical decorative film presents different surface effects at different viewing angles.
  • the optical decorative film of the present invention can also present a changing light effect, thereby creating an unpredictable and unique decorative effect.
  • the optical decorative film 10 shown in FIG. 2 it includes a base layer 11 and a texture structure 12 attached to the base layer 11.
  • the base layer 11 includes any one of glass, plastic, wood veneer, film, and leather, and can be set to have color according to actual needs.
  • the base layer 11 can be polycarbonate (PC), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyolefin (PO), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and other suitable composite plastics.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PO polyolefin
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • the texture structure 12 can be selected as a resin material or a solvent-based material, such as an optical glue of any one of light-curing glue (UV glue), thermosetting glue, unsaturated polyester glue, epoxy resin glue, polyurethane glue, and organic silicone.
  • the optical glue can be attached to the base layer 11 by transfer or embossing, and a texture structure is formed on at least one surface, that is, a texture structure can be formed on the surface facing the base layer 11 and/or on the surface away from the base layer 11.
  • the texture structure in the form of optical glue can be in the form of a film layer, the film thickness can be 1 to 999 nanometers, preferably 20 to 100 nanometers; or the film thickness can be 1 to 999 micrometers, preferably 20 to 100 micrometers.
  • the texture structure can be a film layer of a transparent material.
  • the UV glue itself can have color, and by adding a colorant, the UV glue layer of the micro-nano structure has color.
  • the observer can observe the changing texture effect from the outer surface of the base layer 11 of the optical decorative film 10 away from the texture structure 12 (i.e., the upper surface of FIG. 2 ). It should be understood that in some cases, the texture effect can also be observed on the inner surface of the texture structure 12 away from the base layer 11 (i.e., the lower surface of FIG. 2 ).
  • the texture structure can be formed on one surface of the base layer.
  • it is formed on the surface of the base layer by in-mold decoration technology (IMD).
  • IMD in-mold decoration technology
  • the film-shaped texture structure is used as an example for description, unless otherwise specified.
  • the optical decorative film 20 includes a base layer 21 and a texture structure 22 attached to the base layer 21, and also includes a coating layer 23.
  • the coating layer 23 is preferably arranged on the surface of the texture structure 22 as a high-reflection film layer, but it is not limited to being arranged on a surface without a texture structure in some occasions.
  • the coating layer may be a physical vapor deposition (PVD) film layer formed by vacuum coating techniques such as evaporation coating or magnetron sputtering coating, and may be a single-layer film or a multi-layer film stacked, and the film thickness may be 10 to 50 microns.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the coating layer includes a metal coating layer and a non-metallic coating layer or an oxide coating layer.
  • the coating layer may be a metal coating material such as indium or tin, or a non-metallic or oxide coating material such as silicon dioxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
  • the coating layer usually has a metallic luster, which can increase the glossiness of the film and give it a metallic texture. The technological appearance. In some embodiments, the coating layer may also have a color.
  • the optical decorative film 30 includes a base layer 31 and a texture structure 32 attached to the base layer 31, and also includes a pattern layer 34.
  • the pattern layer 34 is attached to the texture structure 32 via the coating layer 33.
  • the backlight here means that the light source is arranged on the side of the pattern layer 34 away from the coating layer 33, that is, below FIG. 4, so that the incident light propagates toward the coating layer 33 and the texture structure 32.
  • the pattern layer may be a single-layer film or a coating or a multi-layer film stacked.
  • the ink material forming the pattern may have a color, thereby increasing the level of change in the visual effect.
  • the optical decorative film can have a color effect through the color characteristics of the base layer and/or the texture structure and/or the coating layer and/or the pattern layer itself. In some embodiments, the color effect can also be obtained through a separate color layer. Between any two adjacent layers among the structure, coating layer and pattern layer.
  • FIG5 shows an embodiment of an optical decorative film 40, in which a color layer 45 is attached to the surface of the texture structure 42, for example, sandwiched between the base layer 41 and the texture structure 42, so that the color effect can be directly seen on the outer surface of the base layer 41.
  • the color layer can be a single-layer film or a coating or a multi-layer film stacked together, and can be realized by printing or offset printing and other technologies to achieve a single color (such as blue, green, dark green, etc.) or multiple colors, or can be a gradient color, such as gradually transitioning from white to green, or from black to color (such as green, blue, etc.) and then to white.
  • the color layer can be selected as an ink layer, and the layer thickness can be 1 to 100 microns, preferably 10 to 50 microns.
  • the color layer 45 By providing the color layer 45, the bright color appearance of the optical decorative film 40 is increased, and combined with the texture structure 42 and the coating layer 43/pattern layer 44, a richer light effect is presented.
  • the optical decorative film 50 includes a base layer 51 and a texture structure 52 attached to the base layer 51 , a coating layer 53 attached to the texture structure 52 and a pattern layer 54 attached to the coating layer 53 , and a color layer 55 is disposed between the base layer 51 and the texture structure 52 .
  • a protective layer 56 is also disposed below the pattern layer 54 to provide durability and reliability.
  • the optical decorative film 50 is integrally constructed as a film with texture, pattern and color, and the film has a high-gloss metallic texture and bright colors. Under ambient light conditions, the optical decorative film 50 has texture effects and color effects.
  • the optical decorative film 50 can present texture effects and color effects while also showing the pattern hidden under the coating layer 53 , thereby realizing different light effects of the optical decorative film under no backlight and backlight conditions.
  • the optical decorative film of the present invention provides unique decorative effects, including but not limited to texture effects, high-gloss metallic texture, brilliant colors, invisible patterns, etc., bringing consumers a new visual experience.
  • the optical decorative films 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 in the above-mentioned embodiments can be formed into an optical decorative part assembly by in-mold decoration technology (IMD), such as in-mold insert molding (IML) and other processes, and a substrate such as a plastic material is integrally injected.
  • IMD in-mold decoration technology
  • IML in-mold insert molding
  • the substrate 60 is integrally injected on the surface of the optical decorative film.
  • the substrate and the optical decorative film can also be connected by optical glue.
  • the substrate 60 can be injection molded on the outer surface or inner surface of the optical decorative film while meeting the optical effect.
  • the substrate 60 can be selected from suitable materials such as PC, PMMA, ABS, etc.
  • the optical decorative part assembly is suitable for mass production and saves production costs, and can be widely used in various occasions, including but not limited to decorative parts inside vehicles, which can meet the different decorative needs of consumers in a limited space.
  • the optical decorative film of the present invention is provided with a focusing structure, and at least a partial area of the upper surface of the film is set as a focusing area.
  • the light emitted by the light source located at the lower surface of the optical decorative film passes through the focusing structure, so that the focusing area has an increased transmittance compared to the surrounding area of the focusing area.
  • the visual effects such as textures and/or patterns presented in the focusing area have significantly different surface effects compared to the surrounding areas, which is conducive to showing decorative effects such as text, graphics, symbols, numbers, beacons, trademarks, etc.
  • the upper surface of the optical decorative film is provided with a plurality of light-collecting areas, and the light transmittance of each light-collecting area is the same or different.
  • the light transmittance can be selected from any one of 10% to 20%, 20% to 30%, 30% to 40%, 40% to 50%, 50% to 60%, 60% to 70%, and 70% to 80%.
  • the areas of the upper surface of the optical decorative film covered by each of the plurality of light-concentrating regions are the same or different.
  • light-focusing area refers to the area in which the incident light emitted by the backlight source can be concentrated to increase the light transmittance of the film in this area.
  • the focusing of light can be achieved by a light-focusing component with a light-focusing structure, and can also be obtained by a light-focusing structure designed in each structural layer of the film itself.
  • the peripheral area of the light-focusing area can be light-transmitting or light-impermeable, that is, the optical decorative film can be light-transmitting as a whole or partially light-transmitting.
  • the film can be divided into a light-focusing area and a non-light-focusing light-transmitting area; for the form of partial light transmission, the film can be first divided into a light-transmitting area and a non-light-transmitting area, and then the light-transmitting area can be divided into a light-focusing area and a non-light-focusing area.
  • the beacon pattern can be divided into regions P1 and P2 with different coverage areas, and the peripheral area not covered by the beacon pattern can be divided into region P3.
  • both region P1 and region P2 can be configured as light-focusing regions and have an increased light transmittance compared to region P3, so that in a backlit state, the beacon pattern composed of region P1 and region P2 is significantly distinguished from the peripheral area.
  • region P3 can be configured as a light-focusing region and have an increased light transmittance compared to region P1 and region P2, so that in a backlit state, the beacon pattern can also be significantly distinguished from the peripheral area due to its lower light transmittance.
  • region P1 and region P2 constitute the light-concentrating region and have different light transmittances.
  • regions P1 and P2 with different degrees of appearance can present a similar three-dimensional visual effect, or present a dynamic visual effect through the change of the state of the light source.
  • the light-concentrating region and the non-light-concentrating region can present opposite states, that is, the light-concentrating region has a dark gloss and the non-light-concentrating region has a strong gloss. In this way, when the optical decorative film has multiple beacon patterns or multiple light-concentrating regions, the above-mentioned diversified decorative effects are easier to achieve, which effectively enriches the decorative function of the film and the user's sensory experience.
  • the focusing structure includes a micro-nano lens, which can be attached to the surface of any one of the texture structure, the base layer, and the coating layer, and the incident light is focused on the focusing area by the micro-nano lens.
  • the micro-nano lens includes any one of a convex lens, a concave lens, and a Fresnel lens.
  • Figures 9A and 9B respectively show different embodiments of the focusing structure based on the optical decorative film shown in Figure 2.
  • the micro-nano lens is a Fresnel lens 16 formed on the surface of the texture structure 12 by UV glue transfer or embossing, so as to provide a focusing effect of light on the texture structure 12, thereby improving the light transmittance of the film.
  • the Fresnel lens emits light more uniformly and at a lower cost.
  • the Fresnel lens 16 can also be formed on the surface of the base layer 11 by UV glue transfer or embossing. No matter how the Fresnel lens 16 is arranged, its role should be to focus the incident light emitted by the backlight source toward the upper surface (observation surface) of the film.
  • the Fresnel lens can be attached to the surface of any one of the texture structure, the base layer, and the coating layer by secondary transfer printing.
  • the texture structure can be formed on the base layer by UV adhesive transfer printing or embossing, and then the Fresnel lens can be formed by UV adhesive transfer printing or embossing on the texture structure.
  • FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 examples of optical trim assemblies applied to vehicle interiors are respectively shown based on the optical decorative film shown in FIG. 5, wherein the optical trim assembly has a backlight source, and the backlight source 70 is arranged on the side away from the observer, so that the light emitted by the backlight source 70 passes through the optical decorative film and presents a texture effect and/or pattern and/or color on the upper surface of the optical decorative film (i.e., above the optical decorative film 40a in FIG. 10 or the optical decorative film 40b in FIG. 11).
  • the backlight source is, for example, a point-shaped or linear light source, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp bead or an LED light strip, and one or more LED lamp beads can be arranged according to different needs.
  • a point-shaped or linear light source such as a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp bead or an LED light strip
  • LED lamp beads can be arranged according to different needs.
  • FIG. 10 or FIG. 11 exemplarily shows three LEDs 71 arranged on a PCB board.
  • the lighting status and/or color and/or light intensity and/or lighting time of one or more LEDs can not only achieve the above-mentioned various rich and varied optical effects, but can also be lit separately or simultaneously to achieve dynamic/static lighting effects, such as flowing water, flashing, breathing, sense of depth, etc., which can further enrich the lighting effects and meet the needs of certain specific scene atmospheres.
  • the Fresnel lens 46 is attached to the surface of the texture structure 42 and is located between the texture structure 42 and the coating layer 43. Due to the light transmittance of the base layer 41 and the color layer 45, the light emitted by the backlight source 70 can present different surface effects in the light-collecting area and the surrounding area of the light-collecting area on the upper surface of the optical decorative film after passing through the Fresnel lens and each film layer.
  • the Fresnel lens 46 is attached to the surface of the coating layer 43 and is located between the coating layer 43 and the pattern layer 44.
  • the Fresnel lens 46 can be formed on the coating layer 43 by UV glue transfer or embossing. After the light emitted by the backlight source 70 passes through the optical decorative film 40b, it can present different surface effects in the focusing area on the upper surface of the optical decorative film and the surrounding area of the focusing area.
  • the final optical decorative film in order to avoid the ink of the pattern layer 44 filling the sawtooth groove of the Fresnel lens 46 and affecting the focusing effect, can be formed by filling with UV glue of different properties or by vacuum coating a layer of micro-nano coating to fill the sawtooth groove and then brushing ink.
  • FIG. 12A shows a schematic diagram of light directly passing through the texture structure 12 as shown by the arrow in the figure.
  • the Fresnel lens 16 is adopted, as shown in FIG. 12B, one side of the lens surface of the Fresnel lens 16 is a light surface, and the other side has concentric circles from small to large.
  • the cross-section is composed of a series of sawtooth grooves, and the central part is an elliptical arc.
  • Each groove has a different angle with the adjacent grooves, but all of them focus the light to form a central focus, that is, the focus of the lens, so that the incident light is refracted by the Fresnel lens 16 and converges to a specific area B, and a focusing area is formed at the area B.
  • the position, quantity, size and other factors of the Fresnel lens can be changed according to different needs to increase the transmittance of a specific area, thereby presenting different surface effects on the surface of the texture structure.
  • a light-focusing area is provided only in the beacon area where high light transmittance is required.
  • the Fresnel lenses 16a and 16b respectively form two corresponding light-focusing areas B1 and B2 on the texture structure 12. In this way, different light transmittances in different areas can be achieved through Fresnel lenses of different designs, thereby obtaining more levels of surface effects.
  • the focusing structure may also include micro-nano particles attached to at least a local area of the texture structure.
  • the micro-nano particles may include injection molded particles, metal particles, glass particles, etc., for example, they can be obtained by using metal ink, or tiny transparent glass beads, etc.
  • the texture structure 12 in the form of UV glue is formed with a plurality of grooves 121, and the shape and/or size of each groove is the same or different. It should be understood that the smaller the depth of the groove or the smaller the surface area, the higher the transmittance of light.
  • the grooves 121 of each micro-nano structure can be filled with highlighted micro-nano particles.
  • the micro-nano particles can play a focusing role when the diaphragm is backlit, thereby achieving the effect of local brightening of the micro-nano texture of the diaphragm.
  • the tiny glass beads can be multi-shaped, such as at least one facet structural feature such as a 3-hedron, a 4-hedron, a 5-hedron, and the shapes can be the same or different.
  • the light-concentrating structure can also be obtained by designing the structure of each structural layer in the film. Specifically, the light-concentrating structure is obtained by forming it on any one of the texture structure, the base layer, and the coating layer.
  • a focusing area 42a is formed on the texture structure 42, and the texture structure of the focusing area 42a is less than that of the surrounding area, or the focusing area 42a has no texture structure, thereby achieving local high light transmittance, while the surrounding area can achieve high reflection, thereby significantly presenting the texture effect of the surrounding area.
  • a local high-transmittance focusing area 43a is formed on the coating layer 43, and the transmittance of the focusing area 43a is greater than the transmittance of the peripheral area 43b. This can be distinguished by filling with media with different transmittances.
  • the coating layer can be a single-layer film or formed by stacking multiple layers of films. When the coating layer is a single-layer film, the local area of the single-layer film is an oxide medium, and the peripheral area is a metal medium or a mixed medium of a metal medium and an oxide medium.
  • the local area of the oxide medium can also achieve the effect of metallic luster, but has a higher light transmittance, so that a beacon pattern can be formed, for example.
  • metal media or a mixed medium of metal media and oxide media can still be used, which can increase the reflection of external light, thereby enhancing the texture effect.
  • the coating layer is a multi-layer film
  • the multi-layer film includes at least one layer of oxide medium and at least one layer of metal medium or a mixed medium of metal medium and oxide medium. The above effects can also be obtained.
  • a light-concentrating region 43a with high light transmittance in a local area of the coating layer 43 can be obtained by a stripping process. For example, after a metal dielectric film is plated by a conventional process, the metal dielectric in the desired light-transmitting area is etched away by a stripping process, and then filled with an oxide dielectric film, thereby forming the light-concentrating region 43a.
  • the desired light-concentrating region can be obtained by shielding a local area during coating and then locally filling it with a coating of a different dielectric, so that the overall film layer has a high light transmittance in a local area.
  • a light-concentrating area 41a can also be formed on the base layer 41, and the light-concentrating area 41a has a higher light transmittance than the peripheral area 41b.
  • the material of the light-concentrating area 41a has a higher light transmittance than the peripheral area 41b, or the light-concentrating area 41a is formed by an opening.
  • the light-concentrating area C of the entire optical decorative film can basically penetrate from the coating layer 43 close to the backlight source 70 to the base layer 41, and the light emitted by the backlight source 70 presents different surface effects in different areas on the upper surface of the optical decorative film.
  • FIG. 15 also shows a light-focusing area formed on both the texture structure and the coating layer.
  • the light-focusing area includes a groove formed on the texture structure 42 to form a first light-focusing area 42b, and a second light-focusing area 43c formed on the coating layer 43, wherein the second light-focusing area 43c corresponds to the position of the first light-focusing area 42b and the material of the second light-focusing area 43c is embedded in the first light-focusing area 42b.
  • the light transmittance of the material of the second light-focusing area 43c is greater than the light transmittance of the material of the surrounding area, for example, the material of the second light-focusing area 43c is filled with an oxide medium, and the material of the surrounding area is a metal medium or a mixed medium of a metal medium and an oxide medium.
  • the groove forming the first light-focusing area 42b in FIG. 15 is a blind groove, that is, the groove does not penetrate the texture structure 42, in some embodiments, the groove can also be a through groove.
  • the optical decorative film of the present invention provides a texture structure and a focusing structure, so that different lighting effects can be achieved in different areas when the light source illuminates the film under external ambient light and when the light source illuminates the film in the lit state when providing a backlight source.
  • the design of the micro-nano lens structure and the coating layer structure on the film layer greatly improves the overall light transmittance of the film and improves the brightness of the film, thereby creating a multi-level and diversified decorative effect different from the prior art.
  • the optical decorative film of the present invention can provide at least one of the following optical effects: (a) projection effect and/or decorative effect and/or color effect and/or pattern effect provided by the optical decorative film (a) a pattern effect and/or a surface effect, and/or (b) a depth of field effect and/or a decorative effect and/or a color effect and/or a pattern effect and/or a surface effect provided by the upper surface of the optical decorative film, and/or (c) a lighting effect provided by a backlight source, and/or (d) a lighting effect provided by light emitted by the backlight source passing through the optical decorative film, and/or (e) a lighting effect provided by light emitted by the backlight source passing through the optical decorative film and the upper surface, and/or (f) a daytime effect, and/or (g) a nighttime effect.
  • the present invention may include conventional techniques (such as techniques implemented and/or integrated in the exemplary embodiments, modifications, variations, combinations, equivalents), Or may include any other applicable technology (now and/or in the future) with the ability to perform the functions and processes/operations described in the specification and/or illustrated in the figures. All these technologies (such as technologies implemented in embodiments, modifications, changes, combinations, equivalents, etc.) are considered to be within the scope of the present invention of this patent document.

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Abstract

一种车用光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）及用于车辆内部的光学饰件总成，该光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）包括基底层（11,21,31,41,51）、纹理结构（12,22,32,42,52）、聚光结构；其中，光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）的上表面的至少局部区域设置为聚光区域，位于光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）下方的背光源发出的光线穿过聚光结构，使得聚光区域相比于聚光区域的周边区域具有增加的透光率，以在光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）的上表面呈现出不同的表面效果。该光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）通过提供纹理结构（12,22,32,42,52）以及聚光结构，使得光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）在外界环境光照射条件下光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）呈现不同纹理效果或装饰效果，在背光条件下提升光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）的透光率，提升光学装饰膜片（10,20,30,40,50）的亮度。当应用于光学饰件总成时，通过集成例如背光源（70）等功能部件，还提供了丰富多变的光学效果，提高了光学饰件总成使用时的美观性和舒适性。

Description

车用光学装饰膜片及用于车辆内部的光学饰件总成 技术领域
本发明涉及光学饰件技术领域，更具体地涉及一种适用于交通工具的光学装饰膜片以及具有该光学装饰膜片的光学饰件总成。
背景技术
随着汽车工业的快速发展以及消费者对车辆功能日益增长的需求，消费者对车内部件更倾向于造型美观，装饰膜片越来越多地应用在汽车内饰中。
传统装饰膜片通过例如油墨印刷技术在膜片上进行涂层来形成图案，由于油墨材质的限制，图案质感相对较差，并且由于通常采用单一颜色的单一涂层，难以获得层次丰富的图案视觉效果。在某些设计中，装饰膜片结合有背光源来形成为光学饰件以增强图案的装饰性，但是由于涂层的叠加，膜片在满足光学效果和背光效果之间存在矛盾，如果保证膜片例如高光泽的效果，则难以保证膜片的透光率。因而，现有装饰膜片不能满足生产商及消费者对多元化光学效果的体验需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种车用光学装饰膜片，该光学装饰膜片具有提升的整体透光率，并在不同区域能够呈现不同的表面效果，通过对膜片的各膜层的不同设计，能够获得层次丰富的视觉效果。将光学装饰膜片应用于光学饰件总成时，通过集成不同功能部件，能够满足消费者的多元化需求，提升使用体验。
为此，根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种车用光学装饰膜片，所述光学装饰膜片包括：基底层；纹理结构；聚光结构；其中，所述光学装饰膜片的上表面的至少局部区域设置为聚光区域，位于所述光学装饰膜片下方的背光源发出的光线穿过所述聚光结构，使得所述聚光区域相比于所述聚光区域的周边区域具有增加的透光率，以在所述光学装饰膜片的上表面呈现出不同的表面效果。
根据上述技术构思，本发明可进一步包括任何一个或多个如下的可选形式。
在某些可选形式中，所述聚光区域的周边区域是透光的或不透光的。
在某些可选形式中，所述光学装饰膜片的上表面设有多个聚光区域，各个所述聚光区域的透光率相同或不同。
在某些可选形式中，各个所述聚光区域覆盖所述光学装饰膜片的上表面的区域面积相同或不同。
在某些可选形式中，所述纹理结构包括光学胶，所述光学胶通过转印或压印与所述基底层附接。
在某些可选形式中，所述纹理结构形成于所述基底层的一个表面。
在某些可选形式中，所述纹理结构上形成有所述聚光区域，所述聚光区域的纹理结构少于所述周边区域的纹理结构，或者所述聚光区域没有纹理结构。
在某些可选形式中，还包括镀膜层，所述镀膜层附接于所述纹理结构的表面。
在某些可选形式中，所述聚光结构形成于所述纹理结构、所述基底层、所述镀膜层中的任意一个。
在某些可选形式中，所述聚光结构包括1)微纳透镜；2)附接于所述纹理结构的至少局部区域的微纳粒子中的一种。
在某些可选形式中，所述微纳透镜附接于所述纹理结构、所述基底层、所述镀膜层中任意一个的表面。
在某些可选形式中，所述微纳透镜包括凸透镜、凹透镜、菲涅尔透镜中的任意一种。
在某些可选形式中，所述微纳透镜为通过光学胶转印或压印或二次转印附接于所述纹理结构、所述基底层、所述镀膜层中任意一个的表面的菲涅尔透镜。
在某些可选形式中，所述微纳粒子包括注塑粒子、金属粒子、玻璃粒子。
在某些可选形式中，所述镀膜层包括单层膜或由多层膜层叠而成。
在某些可选形式中，当所述镀膜层为所述单层膜时，所述单层膜的局 部区域为氧化物介质，所述局部区域的周边区域为金属介质或金属介质与氧化物介质的混合介质；当所述镀膜层为所述多层膜时，所述多层膜中包括至少一层氧化物介质和至少一层金属介质或金属介质与氧化物介质的混合介质。
在某些可选形式中，所述聚光区域包括形成于所述纹理结构上的开槽以形成第一聚光区域，以及形成于所述镀膜层上的第二聚光区域，其中，所述第二聚光区域与所述第一聚光区域位置对应且所述第二聚光区域的材质嵌入所述第一聚光区域内。
在某些可选形式中，所述基底层上形成有聚光区域，所述聚光区域的材质相比于周边区域具有高透光率，或者，所述聚光区域通过开口的方式形成。
在某些可选形式中，所述纹理结构包括多个槽，所述多个槽设置为具有不同的深度、形状或表面积。
在某些可选形式中，所述表面效果包括拉丝纹理、方格纹理、渐变纹理、星空纹理、仿石纹理、木纹纹理、织物纹理、山水纹理、水晶纹理、透镜纹理、立体浮雕、文字、图形、符号、数字、信标、商标中的至少一种。
所述车用光学装饰膜片提供如下至少一种光学效果：(a)由所述光学装饰膜片提供的投影效果和/或装饰效果和/或颜色效果和/或图案效果和/或表面效果，和/或(b)由所述光学装饰膜片的上表面提供的景深效果和/或装饰效果和/或颜色效果和/或图案效果和/或表面效果，和/或(c)由背光源提供的照明效果，和/或(d)由背光源发出的光线透过所述光学装饰膜片提供的照明效果，和/或(e)由背光源发出的光线透过所述光学装饰膜片和所述上表面提供的照明效果，和/或(f)日间效果，和/或(g)夜间效果。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种用于车辆内部的光学饰件总成，所述光学饰件总成包括上述的车用光学装饰膜片，以及基板，其中，所述基板通过一体注塑或者光学胶与所述光学装饰膜片的至少一个表面附接。
在某些可选形式中，还包括背光源，所述背光源布置于所述基板的远离观察者的一侧，所述背光源发射的光线穿过所述光学装饰膜片以在所述光学装饰膜片的聚光区域和周边区域呈现出不同的表面效果。
本发明的光学装饰膜片通过提供纹理结构以及聚光结构，从而使得 膜片在外界环境光照射条件下光学装饰膜片能够呈现不同纹理效果或装饰效果，在背光条件下提升膜片透光率，提升膜片的亮度。当应用于光学饰件总成时，通过集成例如背光源等功能部件，还提供了丰富多变的光学效果，提高了光学饰件总成使用时的美观性和舒适性。本发明的光学装饰膜片及光学饰件总成能够应用于多种场合，满足消费者的多元化需求。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征以及优点将通过以下结合附图详细描述的可选实施方式更好地理解，附图中相同的标记标识相同或相似的部件，其中：
图1A是车辆外部的整体示意图；
图1B是车辆内部的示意图，示出了可布置光学饰件总成的各个适宜位置；
图1C是车辆内部的另一视角的示意图，示出了可布置光学饰件总成的适宜位置；
图2是一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片的示意图，示出了纹理结构；
图3是另一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片的示意图，示出了镀膜层；
图4是另一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片的示意图，示出了图案层；
图5是另一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片的示意图，示出了颜色层；
图6是另一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片的示意图，示出了保护层；
图7是一种实施方式的光学饰件总成的示意图；
图8是一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片所呈现的信标图案的表面效果示意图；
图9A与图2类似，示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片的示意图，其中纹理结构附接有菲涅尔透镜以形成聚光结构；
图9B是根据本发明另一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片的示意图，示出了附接于基底层的菲涅尔透镜；
图10是根据本发明一种实施方式的光学饰件总成的示意图，示出了附接于纹理结构的菲涅尔透镜以及背光源；
图11与图10类似，示出了附接于镀膜层的菲涅尔透镜；
图12A是背光源的光线直接穿过纹理结构的示意图；
图12B是背光源的光线经由菲涅尔透镜穿过纹理结构的示意图；
图12C是纹理结构上设有多个菲涅尔透镜，并且背光源的光线经由菲涅尔透镜穿过纹理结构的示意图；
图13是另一种实施方式的聚光结构的示意图，示出了附接于纹理结构的局部区域的微纳粒子；
图14是根据本发明另一种实施方式的光学饰件总成的示意图，示出了形成于基底层、纹理结构、镀膜层的聚光区域以及背光源；
图15是另一种实施方式的在纹理结构和镀膜层上形成聚光区域的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细讨论实施例的实施和使用。然而，应理解，所讨论的具体实施例仅仅示范性地说明实施和使用本发明的特定方式，而非限制本发明的范围。在描述时各个部件的结构位置例如上、下、顶部、底部等方向的表述不是绝对的，而是相对的。当各个部件如图中所示布置时，这些方向表述是恰当的，但图中各个部件的位置改变时，这些方向表述也相应改变。
本文中，表述“包含”或与其同义的类似表述“包括”、“含有”和“具有”等是开放性的，不排除额外的未列举的元素、步骤或成分。
本文中，术语“第一”、“第二”等类似表述并不用于限定先后顺序以及组件数量，除非另有说明。
本文中，“多个”、“多层”的含义是指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
本文中，“外”和“内”是相对于观察者来说的方向，“外”是指面向观察者的方向，“内”是指远离观察者的方向。
本文中，除非另有明确具体的限定，“安装”、“连接”、“附接”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本文中的具体含义。
应理解的是，本文中提及的术语“交通工具”包括但不限于车辆、船 只、飞机等，其中，“车辆”包括燃料车辆、混合动力车辆、电动车辆、氢动力车辆等，且可为各种车型，例如小型汽车、公共汽车、轨道车辆等，并不以图示为限制。下文的某些实施方式中，以光学装饰膜片及光学饰件总成应用于小型汽车作为车辆内饰件来描述，然而并不排除本发明可应用于其他类型的交通工具或者其它适用场合中。
在所描述的各个实施方式中，除非特别说明，光学装饰膜片中各层结构的厚度为本领域通常所适于使用的厚度范围，并不以图中所示为限制。此外，虽然图中以大体上平面叠加的膜层示出，本发明的膜层也可以是曲面的。在未描述的某些情形中，光学饰件总成的表面还可使用特殊涂层或膜层来提供诸如耐久性和/或舒适性等功能。
图1A至图1C示出了光学饰件总成应用于小型汽车V作为车辆内饰件的示例。光学饰件总成例如布置于图1B示出的仪表板上装饰板V1、仪表板下装饰板V2，中控饰板V3、副仪表板V4、方向盘V5、车门侧饰板V6、门把手V7以及图1C示出的车顶饰板V8的任意一处。应该理解，根据需要，还可以将光学饰件总成设置于车内的其他未标识的任何位置。
现有光学装饰膜片通常采用油墨印刷形成图案，或者结合装饰面板表面的纹理(例如木纹或大理石纹理)来在面板表面呈现装饰纹理效果。当结合有光源时，还可通过光源的点亮显现图案或光源关闭隐藏图案来获得变化的图案视觉效果。然而，随着智能化车辆的日益发展以及消费者对舒适性、美观性等方面的增长需求，现有光学装饰膜片在实际应用和体验度上并不能令人满意，还期望获得立体效果、动态图案变化等更加丰富的视觉效果。
为此，根据本发明的构思，提供一种车用光学装饰膜片，所述光学装饰膜片包括：基底层和纹理结构，以及聚光结构，其中，光学装饰膜片的上表面的至少局部区域设置为聚光区域，位于所述光学装饰膜片下方的背光源发出的光线穿过所述聚光结构，使得所述聚光区域相比于聚光区域的周边区域具有增加的透光率，以在光学装饰膜片的上表面呈现出不同的表面效果。
应理解的是，纹理结构是指微米级甚至纳米级的3D微观结构，例如微观的V形槽、弧形槽等凹陷结构形式，或者为隆起的突起结构形式，可以形成为仿立体纹理效果，浮雕效果等，优选通过转移技术的光学胶转印或 压印形成于至少一个表面，取决于不同需要，纹理结构亦可通过机械加工或化学蚀刻或光刻或其他可以达到相同结果的工艺来产生。这里，布置有纹理结构的表面包括但不限于基底层的表面，和/或构成光学装饰膜片的各个可选膜层的表面，和/或膜层形式的纹理结构自身的表面。此外，光学装饰膜片的上表面是指通常朝向观察者的表面。
如此，通过提供纹理结构以及聚光结构，本发明的光学装饰膜片被构造成外界环境光照射条件下在上表面呈现不同表面效果，在背光源照射条件下具有提升的透光率，从而提供层次丰富的装饰效果。作为示例，表面效果包括拉丝纹理、方格纹理、渐变纹理、星空纹理、仿石纹理、木纹纹理、织物纹理、山水纹理、水晶纹理、透镜纹理、立体浮雕、文字、图形、符号、数字、信标、商标中的至少一种。优选地，纹理结构包括多个纹理单元，各个纹理单元的纹理结构不同，以使得不同视角下光学装饰膜片的上表面呈现不同的表面效果。在结合光源点亮的情况下，通过对光源位置的分布和/或不同光源(颜色、光强等)配比，即使观测区域固定，本发明的光学装饰膜片亦可呈现出变化的光效，从而营造出变幻莫测、与众不同的装饰效果。
结合图2所示一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片10，包括基底层11和附接于基底层11的纹理结构12。基底层11包括玻璃、塑料、木皮、薄膜、皮革中的任意一种，并可根据实际需要设置为具有颜色。作为选择，基底层11可为聚碳酸脂(PC)、或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚烯烃(PO)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)，以及其他适合的复合塑料等。纹理结构12可选为树脂型材料或者溶剂型材料，如光固化胶(UV胶)、热固胶、不饱和聚酯胶、环氧树脂胶、聚氨酯胶、有机硅胶中任意一种的光学胶，在某些实施方式中，光学胶可通过转印或压印与基底层11附接，并在至少一个表面上形成有纹理结构，也就是，在朝向基底层11的表面上和/或背离基底层11的表面上均可形成有纹理结构。作为选择，例如光学胶形式的纹理结构可采用膜层的形式，膜厚可为1～999纳米，优选为:20～100纳米；或者膜厚可为1～999微米，优选为:20～100微米。在大多场合下，纹理结构可采用透明材质的膜层。在某些实施方式中，例如采用UV胶转印或压印形成纹理结构的方式下，UV胶可自身带有颜色，通过添加着色剂使得微纳结构的UV胶层具有颜 色，以使得呈现的视觉效果带有颜色的变化。在所示实施方式中，观察者可从光学装饰膜片10的基底层11背离纹理结构12的外表面上(即图2的上方)观察到变化的纹理效果，应理解，某些场合中亦可在纹理结构12背离基底层11的内表面上(即图2的下方)观察到纹理效果。
在某些实施方式中，有别于上述膜层形式的纹理结构12，纹理结构可形成于基底层的一个表面。例如，通过模内装饰技术(IMD)形成于基底层的表面。下文的各实施方式中，以膜层形式的纹理结构为例进行描述，除非另有说明。
在图3所示另一种实施方式中，光学装饰膜片20包括基底层21和附接于基底层21的纹理结构22之外，还包括镀膜层23。镀膜层23作为高反射膜层，优选布置于纹理结构22的表面，然而并不作为限制，某些场合中亦可布置于没有纹理结构的表面。作为选择，镀膜层可为通过蒸发镀膜或磁控溅射镀膜等真空镀膜技术形成的物理气相沉积(PVD)膜层，并可选为单层膜或由多层膜层叠而成，膜厚可选为10～50微米。镀膜层包括金属镀层和非金属镀层或氧化物镀层，作为选择，镀膜层可选为铟或锡等金属镀层材料，或者二氧化硅、二氧化碳、氮等非金属或氧化物镀层材料。镀膜层通常具有金属光泽，从而能够增加膜片的光泽度，使其具有金属质感的科技外观。在某些实施方式中，镀膜层还可具有颜色。
在图4所示另一种实施方式中，光学装饰膜片30包括基底层31和附接于基底层31的纹理结构32之外，还包括图案层34。在该实施方式中，图案层34经由镀膜层33附接于纹理结构32。以此方式，通过调节镀膜层33的厚度和透光率，可以实现图案层34上图案的隐藏特性。举例来说，图案层的图案在不背光的情况下具有隐藏性，这里的背光是指光源布置于图案层34的背离镀膜层33的一侧，也就是图4的下方，以使得入射光朝向镀膜层33和纹理结构32传播。图案层可为单层膜或涂层或者由多层膜层叠而成。在某些实施方式中，形成图案的油墨材料可具有颜色，从而增加视觉效果的变化层次。
如上所述的，光学装饰膜片可通过基底层和/或纹理结构和/或镀膜层和/或图案层自身的颜色特性而具有颜色效果，在某些实施方式中，亦可通过单独的颜色层来获得颜色效果。作为选择，颜色层可附接于基底层、纹理 结构、镀膜层、图案层中任意相邻的两层之间。
图5示出了一种实施方式的光学装饰膜片40，在该实施方式中，颜色层45附接于纹理结构42的表面，例如夹设于基底层41和纹理结构42之间，从而在基底层41的外表面直接可见颜色效果。颜色层可为单层膜或涂层或者由多层膜层叠而成，可通过印刷或胶印等技术实现单一色(如蓝色、绿色、墨绿色等)或多颜色，亦可为渐变色，如从白色逐渐过渡到绿色，也可以是从黑色逐渐过渡到彩色(如绿色，蓝色等)再过渡到白色等。例如，颜色层可选择为油墨层，层厚可为1～100微米，优选10～50微米。通过设置颜色层45，增加了光学装饰膜片40鲜艳色泽的外观效果，再结合纹理结构42和镀膜层43/图案层44，呈现出更为丰富的光效。
在图6所示实施方式中，光学装饰膜片50包括基底层51和附接于基底层51的纹理结构52，以及附接于纹理结构52的镀膜层53和附接于镀膜层53的图案层54，颜色层55设置于基底层51和纹理结构52之间。此外，在图案层54的下方，还设置有保护层56，以提供使用耐久性和可靠性。这样，光学装饰膜片50整体构造为具有纹理、图案和颜色的膜片，该膜片具有高光泽的金属质感且颜色艳丽。在环境光条件下，光学装饰膜片50具有纹理效果及颜色效果，在背光条件下，光学装饰膜片50则能够在呈现出纹理效果及颜色效果的同时，还能够将隐藏于镀膜层53之下的图案显现，实现光学装饰膜片在无背光和背光条件下的不同光效。相比于现有设计，本发明的光学装饰膜片提供了独特的装饰效果，包括但不限于纹理效果、高光泽的金属质感、绚丽色彩、隐形图案等，给消费者带来全新的视觉体验。
上述各个实施方式中的光学装饰膜片10、20、30、40、50均可通过模内装饰技术(IMD)，例如模内镶件注塑(IML)等工艺，与例如塑料材料的基板通过一体注塑形成光学饰件总成，如图7所示，基板60一体注塑于光学装饰膜片的表面。作为选择，亦可将基板与光学装饰膜片通过光学胶连接。取决于不同需要，满足光学效果的情况下，基板60可注塑于光学装饰膜片的外表面或内表面。基板60可选为PC、PMMA、ABS等适合的材料。由此，光学饰件总成适于大批量生产而节约生产成本，并可广泛应用于多种场合，包括但不限于交通工具内部的装饰件，能够在有限的空间内满足消费者的不同装饰需求。
由于光学装饰膜片经多个结构层叠加后每一结构层的透光率会发生一定程度的衰减，并且某些结构层(例如镀膜层)具有高反射性能的同时透光率较低，因而与膜片整体追求高透光而显现纹理和/或图案的装饰需求产生矛盾。为了满足膜片最终呈现的表面效果所需的高透光要求，并使得纹理和/或图案等视觉效果更为清晰，本发明的光学装饰膜片设有聚光结构，并将膜片的上表面的至少局部区域设置为聚光区域，位于光学装饰膜片的下表面处的光源发出的光线穿过聚光结构，使得所述聚光区域相比于聚光区域的周边区域具有增加的透光率。以此方式，针对不同的设计需求，在聚光区域所呈现的纹理和/或图案等视觉效果相比于周边区域具有显著不同的表面效果，从而有利于显现例如文字、图形、符号、数字、信标、商标等装饰效果。
在某些实施方式中，光学装饰膜片的上表面设有多个聚光区域，各个聚光区域的透光率相同或不同。这里，透光率可选为10％～20％、20％～30％、30％～40％、40％～50％、50％～60％、60％～70％，70％～80％中的任意一个。
在某些实施方式中，多个聚光区域中各个聚光区域覆盖光学装饰膜片的上表面的区域面积相同或不同。
本文中，“聚光区域”是指在该区域中，背光源发射的入射光能够被聚集而提升膜片在该区域的透光率。光线的聚集可通过具有聚光结构的聚光部件实现，亦可通过膜片中各结构层本身设计的聚光结构来获得。这里应理解，聚光区域的周边区域可以是透光的或不透光的，即光学装饰膜片可以是整体透光，也可以是局部透光。对于整体透光的形式，膜片可划分为聚光区域和非聚光的透光区域；对于局部透光的形式，膜片可先划分为透光区域和非透光区域，然后将透光区域再分为聚光区域和非聚光区域。
以图8所示信标图案为例，信标图案可划分为具有不同覆盖面积的区域P1和区域P2，没有被信标图案所覆盖的周边区域可被划分为区域P3。可选实施方式中，区域P1和区域P2均可构成为聚光区域，并具有相比于区域P3增加的透光率，从而在背光状态下，由区域P1和区域P2组成的信标图案显著区分于周边区域。反之，在某些实施方式中，区域P3可构成为聚光区域，并具有相比于区域P1和区域P2增加的透光率，从而在背光状态下，信标图案由于较低的透光率同样能够显著区分于周边区域。在某些实 施方式中，区域P1和区域P2构成聚光区域的同时彼此具有不同的透光率。这样，在背光状态下，不同显现程度的区域P1和区域P2能够呈现类似立体的视觉效果，或者通过光源的状态变化呈现动态的视觉效果。在某些实施方式中，外光源照射条件下，聚光区域和非聚光区域能够呈现相反状态，即聚光区域光泽暗，非聚光区域光泽强。如此，当光学装饰膜片具有多个信标图案或多个聚光区域时，上述多元化的装饰效果更易于实现，有效丰富了膜片的装饰性作用和用户感观体验度。
在某些实施方式中，聚光结构包括微纳透镜，微纳透镜可附接于纹理结构、基底层、镀膜层中任意一个的表面，通过微纳透镜将入射光聚集于所述聚光区域。作为选择，微纳透镜包括凸透镜、凹透镜、菲涅尔透镜中的任意一种。图9A和图9B分别以图2所示光学装饰膜片为基础示出了聚光结构的不同实施方式。图9A所示的光学装饰膜片10a中，微纳透镜为通过UV胶转印或压印形成于纹理结构12的表面的菲涅尔透镜16，以此提供光线在纹理结构12上的聚集效应，进而提升膜片的透光率。相比于例如凸透镜，菲涅尔透镜出光更加均匀，且更低成本。可选地，图9B所示的光学装饰膜片10b中，菲涅尔透镜16还可通过UV胶转印或压印形成于基底层11的表面。无论如何布置菲涅尔透镜16，其所起的作用应将背光源发射的入射光朝向膜片的上表面(观察面)聚集。
在某些实施方式中，菲涅尔透镜可通过二次转印的方式附接于纹理结构、基底层、镀膜层中任意一个的表面。作为示例，可在基底层上通过UV胶转印或压印形成纹理结构，然后再通过UV胶在纹理结构上转印或压印形成菲涅尔透镜。
在图10和图11中，以图5所示光学装饰膜片为基础分别示出了应用于车辆内部的光学饰件总成的示例，其中，光学饰件总成具有背光源，背光源70布置于远离观察者的一侧，从而背光源70发射的光线穿过光学装饰膜片在光学装饰膜片的上表面(即图10光学装饰膜片40a或图11光学装饰膜片40b的上方)呈现出纹理效果和/或图案和/或颜色。背光源例如为点状或线状光源，例如发光二极管(LED)灯珠或LED发光条，根据不同需要，可布置一个或者多个LED灯珠。例如图10或图11中示例性示出了布置于PCB板上的三个LED 71。此外，结合对背光源70的设计和控制， 例如一个或多个LED的点亮状态和/或颜色和/或光强和/或点亮时间等，不仅能够实现上述各种丰富多变的光学效果，还能够分开或者同时点亮来实现动/静态灯光效果，例如流水、闪烁、呼吸、纵深感等，能够进一步丰富灯效并满足某些特定场景氛围的需求。
图10所示的光学装饰膜片40a中，与图9A所示实施方式类似，菲涅尔透镜46附接于纹理结构42的表面，并处于纹理结构42和镀膜层43之间。由于基底层41以及颜色层45的透光性，背光源70发射的光线穿过菲涅尔透镜和各膜层之后，能够在光学装饰膜片的上表面的聚光区域和聚光区域的周边区域呈现出不同的表面效果。
图11所示的光学装饰膜片40b中，与图10所示实施方式不同之处在于，菲涅尔透镜46附接于镀膜层43的表面，并处于镀膜层43和图案层44之间。同样，菲涅尔透镜46可通过UV胶转印或压印形成于镀膜层43。背光源70发射的光线穿过光学装饰膜片40b后，能够在光学装饰膜片的上表面的聚光区域和聚光区域的周边区域呈现出不同的表面效果。此种结构设计中，为避免图案层44的油墨填充菲涅尔透镜46的锯齿型凹槽而影响聚光效果，可采用不同特性的UV胶填充或者通过真空镀膜镀一层微纳涂层填充锯齿型凹槽之后再刷油墨的方式形成最终的光学装饰膜片。
为更清楚地理解菲涅尔透镜形式的微纳透镜的聚光作用，以纹理结构12为例，图12A示出了光线如图中箭头所示直接穿过纹理结构12的示意图。如此，在纹理结构12上各部分相同设计的条件下，区域A处的光学效果与周边区域的光学效果并没有产生差异。当采用菲涅尔透镜16之后，如图12B所示，菲涅尔透镜16的镜片表面一面为光面，另一面具有由小到大的同心圆，从剖面看是由一系列锯齿型凹槽组成，中心部分是椭圆型弧线，每个凹槽都与相邻凹槽之间角度不同，但都将光线集中一处，形成中心焦点，也就是透镜的焦点，从而，入射光经过菲涅尔透镜16折射之后汇聚于特定区域B，在该区域B处即形成了聚光区域。以此方式，对于纹理结构12而言，能够针对不同需求改变菲涅尔透镜的位置、数量、尺寸等因素，以增加特定区域的透光率，进而在纹理结构的表面呈现不同的表面效果。举例来说，不同于常规在纹理结构的整个区域大致相同的透光率，仅在需要高透光的信标区域设置聚光区域。图12C示出了在纹理结构12上设置多个(例如两 个)菲涅尔透镜的实施方式，菲涅尔透镜16a、16b分别在纹理结构12上形成两个对应的聚光区域B1、B2。这样，还可通过不同设计的菲涅尔透镜实现不同区域不同透光率，从而获得更多层次的表面效果。
除了采用例如菲涅尔透镜等微纳透镜，聚光结构还可包括附接于纹理结构的至少局部区域的微纳粒子，作为示例，微纳粒子可包括注塑粒子、金属粒子、玻璃粒子等，例如可采用金属油墨，或者微小的透明玻璃珠等获得。如图13所示例的，UV胶形式的纹理结构12形成有多个槽121，各个槽的形状和/或尺寸相同或不同。应理解，槽的深度越小或者表面积越小，则光线的透过率越高。在某些实施方式中，可以在各个微纳结构的槽121内填充高亮的微纳粒子，通过微纳结构的结构特征，当膜片在背光的情况下微纳粒子能够起到聚光作用，进而能够实现膜片微纳纹理的局部增亮的效果。微小的玻璃珠可以是多形状的，如3面体、4面体、5面体等至少一个面体结构特征，形状可以相同也可以不同。
如上所述的，聚光结构还可通过膜片中各结构层本身的结构设计来获得。具体地，聚光结构通过形成于纹理结构、基底层、镀膜层中任意一个上来获得。
在某些实施方式中，如图14所示，纹理结构42上形成有聚光区域42a，聚光区域42a的纹理结构少于周边区域的纹理结构，或者聚光区域42a没有纹理结构，以此实现局部高透光，周边区域则可实现高反射，从而显著呈现周边区域的纹理效果。
在某些实施方式中，同样如图14所示，镀膜层43上形成局部高透光的聚光区域43a，聚光区域43a的透光率大于周边区域43b的透光率。这可通过不同透光率的介质填充来实现区别。在某些实施方式中，如上所述的，镀膜层可为单层膜或者由多层膜层叠形成。当镀膜层为单层膜时，单层膜的局部区域为氧化物介质，周边区域为金属介质或金属介质与氧化物介质的混合介质。氧化物介质的局部区域同样能达到金属光泽的效果，但具有更高的光线透光率，从而可形成例如信标图案。对于其他需要高反射的例如纹理区，则仍可采用金属介质或金属介质与氧化物介质的混合介质，能够增加外部光线的反射，从而增强纹理效果。当镀膜层为多层膜时，多层膜中包括至少一层氧化物介质和至少一层金属介质或金属介质与氧化物介质的混合介 质，同样能够获得上述效果。
在某些实施方式中，可通过退镀工艺获得镀膜层43局部高透光的聚光区域43a。例如，在采用常规工艺镀金属介质膜之后，将所需透光区域部分的金属介质采用退镀工艺腐蚀掉，再填充氧化物介质膜，由此形成聚光区域43a。可选地，在镀膜时遮挡局部区域再进行局部填充不同介质的涂层，亦可获得所需的聚光区域，使得整体膜层局部具有高透光率。
从图14中还可见，基底层41上亦可形成有聚光区域41a，该聚光区域41a相比于周边区域41b具有高透光率。例如，聚光区域41a的材质相比于周边区域41b具有高透光率，或者，聚光区域41a通过开口的方式形成。如此，结合纹理结构42、镀膜层43上聚光区域的设计，光学装饰膜片整体的聚光区域C可基本上从接近背光源70的镀膜层43处贯穿至基底层41，背光源70发射的光线在光学装饰膜片的上表面上的不同区域呈现不同表面效果。
图15还示出了一种形成于纹理结构和镀膜层两者之上的聚光区域。在该实施方式中，聚光区域包括形成于纹理结构42上的开槽以形成第一聚光区域42b，以及形成于镀膜层43上的第二聚光区域43c，其中，第二聚光区域43c与第一聚光区域42b位置对应且第二聚光区域43c的材质嵌入第一聚光区域42b内。同样，第二聚光区域43c的材质的透光率大于周边区域的材质的透光率，例如第二聚光区域43c的材质填充为氧化物介质，而周边区域的材质为金属介质或金属介质与氧化物介质的混合介质。虽然图15中形成第一聚光区域42b的开槽为盲槽，也就是开槽未贯穿纹理结构42，在某些实施方式中，开槽亦可为通槽。
通过对上述已描述的各实施方式以及未在此详尽描述的各个可能实施方式的理解，本发明的光学装饰膜片通过提供具有纹理结构以及聚光结构，使得在外界环境光照射，以及提供背光源时点亮状态下光源对膜片照射，均能实现不同区域不同的光照效果，尤其是，通过膜层上微纳透镜结构以及镀膜层级结构的设计，大大提升膜片的整体透光率，提升了膜片的亮度，从而营造出不同于现有技术的多层次且多元化的装饰效果。取决于不同应用需求和应用场景，本发明的光学装饰膜片能够提供如下至少一种光学效果：(a)由光学装饰膜片提供的投影效果和/或装饰效果和/或颜色效果和/或图 案效果和/或表面效果，和/或(b)由光学装饰膜片的上表面提供的景深效果和/或装饰效果和/或颜色效果和/或图案效果和/或表面效果，和/或(c)由背光源提供的照明效果，和/或(d)由背光源发出的光线透过光学装饰膜片提供的照明效果，和/或(e)由背光源发出的光线透过光学装饰膜片和上表面提供的照明效果，和/或(f)日间效果，和/或(g)夜间效果。
这里应当理解的是，图中所示实施方式仅显示了根据本发明的光学装饰膜片和光学饰件总成的各个可选部件的可选架构、形状、尺寸和布置方式，然而其仅为示意而非限制，在不背离本发明的思想和范围的情况下，亦可采取其他形状、尺寸和布置方式。
需要注意的是，本发明(例如发明概念等)已经根据示例性实施例在本专利文件的说明书中描述和/或在图中说明；本发明的实施例仅以举例的方式提出，并不打算作为对本发明范围的限制。如说明书中所描述的和/或图中所说明的本发明中所体现的发明概念的元素的结构和/或安排仅是说明性的。尽管在本专利文件中已经详细描述了本发明的示例性实施例，但本领域的普通技术人员很容易理解，示例性实施例和替代性实施例的主题事项的等同物、修改、变化等是可能的，并被认为是在本发明的范围内；所有这些主题事项(例如修改、变化、实施例、组合、等同物等)都旨在包括在本发明的范围内。还应注意的是，在示例性实施例的配置和/或安排中(例如在概念、设计、结构、装置、形式、装配、构造、手段、功能、系统、过程/方法、步骤、过程/方法步骤的顺序、操作、操作条件、性能、材料、组成、组合等方面)可以做出各种/其他修改、变化、替代、等同、改变、遗漏等。)而不偏离本发明的范围；所有这些主题(例如修改、变化、实施例、组合、等同物等)都旨在包括在本发明的范围内。本发明的范围并不打算局限于本专利文件的说明书和/或图中所描述的主题(如细节、结构、功能、材料、行为、步骤、顺序、系统、结果等)。考虑到本专利文件的权利要求将被适当地解释为涵盖本发明主题的完整范围(例如包括任何和所有这样的修改、变化、实施例、组合、等同物等)；应理解本专利文件中使用的术语是为了提供示范性实施例的主题的描述，而不是作为对本发明范围的限制。
还需要注意的是，根据示例性实施例，本发明可以包括常规技术(例如在示例性实施例、修改、变化、组合、等价物中实施和/或集成的技术)， 或者可以包括任何其他适用技术(现在和/或未来)，具有执行说明书中描述的功能和过程/操作和/或图中说明的能力。所有这些技术(例如以实施例、修改、变化、组合、等同物等方式实现的技术)都被认为是在本专利文件的本发明的范围内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述光学装饰膜片包括：
    基底层；
    纹理结构；
    聚光结构；
    其中，所述光学装饰膜片的上表面的至少局部区域设置为聚光区域，位于所述光学装饰膜片下方的背光源发出的光线穿过所述聚光结构，使得所述聚光区域相比于所述聚光区域的周边区域具有增加的透光率，以在所述光学装饰膜片的上表面呈现出不同的表面效果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述聚光区域的周边区域是透光的或不透光的。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述光学装饰膜片的上表面设有多个聚光区域，各个所述聚光区域的透光率相同或不同。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，各个所述聚光区域覆盖所述光学装饰膜片的上表面的区域面积相同或不同。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述纹理结构包括光学胶，所述光学胶通过转印或压印与所述基底层附接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述纹理结构形成于所述基底层的一个表面。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述纹理结构上形成有所述聚光区域，所述聚光区域的纹理结构少于所述周边区域的纹理结构，或者所述聚光区域没有纹理结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，还包括镀膜层，所述镀膜层附接于所述纹理结构的表面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述聚光结构形成于所述纹理结构、所述基底层、所述镀膜层中的任意一个。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述聚光结构包括1)微纳透镜；2)附接于所述纹理结构的至少局部区域的微纳粒子中的一种。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述微纳透镜附接于所述纹理结构、所述基底层、所述镀膜层中任意一个的表面。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述微纳透镜包括凸透镜、凹透镜、菲涅尔透镜中的任意一种。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述微纳透镜为通过光学胶转印或压印或二次转印附接于所述纹理结构、所述基底层、所述镀膜层中任意一个的表面的菲涅尔透镜。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述微纳粒子包括注塑粒子、金属粒子、玻璃粒子。
  15. 根据权利要求8所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述镀膜层包括单层膜或由多层膜层叠而成。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，当所述镀膜层为所述单层膜时，所述单层膜的局部区域为氧化物介质，所述局部区域的周边区域为金属介质或金属介质与氧化物介质的混合介质；当所述镀 膜层为所述多层膜时，所述多层膜中包括至少一层氧化物介质和至少一层金属介质或金属介质与氧化物介质的混合介质。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述聚光区域包括形成于所述纹理结构上的开槽以形成第一聚光区域，以及形成于所述镀膜层上的第二聚光区域，其中，所述第二聚光区域与所述第一聚光区域位置对应且所述第二聚光区域的材质嵌入所述第一聚光区域内。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述基底层上形成有聚光区域，所述聚光区域的材质相比于周边区域具有高透光率，或者，所述聚光区域通过开口的方式形成。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述纹理结构包括多个槽，所述多个槽设置为具有不同的深度、形状或表面积。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述表面效果包括拉丝纹理、方格纹理、渐变纹理、星空纹理、仿石纹理、木纹纹理、织物纹理、山水纹理、水晶纹理、透镜纹理、立体浮雕、文字、图形、符号、数字、信标、商标中的至少一种。
  21. 根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的车用光学装饰膜片，其特征在于，所述车用光学装饰膜片提供如下至少一种光学效果：
    (a)由所述光学装饰膜片提供的投影效果和/或装饰效果和/或颜色效果和/或图案效果和/或表面效果，和/或
    (b)由所述光学装饰膜片的上表面提供的景深效果和/或装饰效果和/或颜色效果和/或图案效果和/或表面效果，和/或
    (c)由背光源提供的照明效果，和/或
    (d)由背光源发出的光线透过所述光学装饰膜片提供的照明效果，和/或
    (e)由背光源发出的光线透过所述光学装饰膜片和所述上表面提供的 照明效果，和/或
    (f)日间效果，和/或
    (g)夜间效果。
  22. 一种用于车辆内部的光学饰件总成，其特征在于，所述光学饰件总成包括根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的车用光学装饰膜片，以及基板，其中，所述基板通过一体注塑或者光学胶与所述光学装饰膜片的至少一个表面附接。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的光学饰件总成，其特征在于，还包括背光源，所述背光源布置于所述基板的远离观察者的一侧，所述背光源发射的光线穿过所述光学装饰膜片以在所述光学装饰膜片的聚光区域和周边区域呈现出不同的表面效果。
PCT/CN2023/127546 2022-10-31 2023-10-30 车用光学装饰膜片及用于车辆内部的光学饰件总成 WO2024093868A1 (zh)

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JP2010072453A (ja) * 2008-09-19 2010-04-02 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 光拡散部材、光学シート、バックライトユニット、ディスプレイ装置
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