WO2024088443A1 - 原位乳化过程描述与表征装置、方法及系统 - Google Patents

原位乳化过程描述与表征装置、方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024088443A1
WO2024088443A1 PCT/CN2023/140741 CN2023140741W WO2024088443A1 WO 2024088443 A1 WO2024088443 A1 WO 2024088443A1 CN 2023140741 W CN2023140741 W CN 2023140741W WO 2024088443 A1 WO2024088443 A1 WO 2024088443A1
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Prior art keywords
emulsification
injection
oil phase
microfluidic chip
water phase
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
彭宝亮
刘卫东
侯庆锋
仪晓玲
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
    • G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
    • G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of oilfield chemistry and colloid interface technology, and in particular to an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device, an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization method and an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization system.
  • the present invention provides an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device, an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization method and an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization system.
  • the characterization device can visualize the in situ emulsification process, explore the impact of various process variables on in situ emulsification, and further quantify its contribution to enhanced oil recovery through analysis of the effluent.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device, comprising: an injection device, used to inject an oil phase or an aqueous phase; a microfluidic chip, wherein the microfluidic chip has an injection port and an outflow port, the injection port of the microfluidic chip is connected to the injection device, a visible microchannel structure is formed between the injection port and the outflow port, the microchannel structure matches the channel structure of the core slice, the aqueous phase is injected into the microchannel structure through the injection port, and the oil phase pre-injected into the microchannel structure is emulsified, and the emulsion formed after emulsification or the oil phase displaced by the aqueous phase flows out through the outflow port; an effluent collector is connected to the outflow port of the microfluidic chip, and is used to collect the emulsion formed after emulsification or the oil phase displaced by the aqueous phase
  • the injection device includes: a syringe and a micro-injection pump, the syringe is arranged between the micro-injection pump and the first pressure sensor, the micro-injection pump is used to adjust the injection amount and injection speed of the water phase or the oil phase, and pump the water phase or the oil phase into the injection pipeline through the syringe.
  • the syringe is a gas-tight syringe.
  • the device also includes: a temperature measuring probe, which is arranged on the surface of the microfluidic chip and is used to detect the temperature of the microfluidic chip.
  • the effluent collector is a nuclear magnetic resonance tube.
  • scale lines for marking standard capacity are arranged on the outer wall of the nuclear magnetic resonance tube.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization method, which is applied to the in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device described above, and comprises: using different fluorescent agents to fluorescently label the water phase and the oil phase respectively; filling the microchannel structure of the microfluidic chip with the oil phase; The microchannel structure of the control chip is injected with water phase, and the oil phase of the microchannel structure is emulsified by the water phase; image information of the emulsification of the water phase of the microchannel structure with the oil phase is collected; and the emulsification effect of the water phase on the oil phase is determined based on the image information.
  • determining the emulsification effect of the water phase on the oil phase based on the image information includes: determining the size and size distribution of the emulsion formed after emulsification based on the image information; the smaller the size of the emulsion formed after emulsification, the better the emulsification effect; the more uniform the size distribution of the emulsion formed after emulsification, the better the emulsification effect.
  • the method also includes: determining the volume of the emulsion formed after emulsification and the volume of the oil phase displaced by the water phase; the larger the sum of the volume of the emulsion formed after emulsification and the volume of the oil phase displaced by the water phase, the better the emulsification effect.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization system, comprising the in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device described above.
  • the present invention has at least the following technical effects:
  • the in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device of the present invention comprises an injection device, a microfluidic chip, an effluent collector, a constant temperature heater, a fluorescence microscope, an emulsification identification unit, an emulsification analysis unit and two pressure sensors.
  • the injection device is used to inject an oil phase or an aqueous phase
  • the microfluidic chip has an injection port and an outflow port
  • the injection port of the microfluidic chip is connected to the injection device
  • a visible microchannel structure is formed between the injection port and the outflow port
  • the microchannel structure matches the channel structure of the core slice
  • the aqueous phase is injected into the microchannel structure through the injection port
  • the oil phase pre-injected into the microchannel structure is emulsified
  • the emulsion formed after emulsification or the oil phase displaced by the aqueous phase flows out to the effluent collector through the outflow port
  • the constant temperature heater is arranged at the bottom of the microfluidic chip, and is used to heat the microfluidic chip at a constant temperature.
  • the oil phase and the aqueous phase are respectively fluorescently labeled in advance with different fluorescent agents, and the emulsification process of the aqueous phase to the oil phase in the microchannel structure can be observed through a fluorescence microscope arranged above the microfluidic chip.
  • the emulsification identification unit is connected to the fluorescence microscope, and collects image information of the emulsification of the water phase on the oil phase in the microchannel structure, which is transmitted to the emulsification analysis unit.
  • the emulsification analysis unit determines the emulsification effect of the water phase on the oil phase based on the image information.
  • a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are respectively arranged on the inlet pipeline between the injection device and the injection port of the microfluidic chip, and on the outlet pipeline between the injection device and the outlet port of the microfluidic chip, for detecting the pressure of the pipeline.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a microfluidic chip in an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG3 is a flow chart of a method for describing and characterizing an in-situ emulsification process provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an emulsification process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an emulsion after emulsification according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a size distribution diagram of an emulsion after emulsification according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an emulsification process according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an emulsion after emulsification according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a size distribution diagram of an emulsion after emulsification according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device, which includes: an injection device for injecting an oil phase or an aqueous phase; a microfluidic chip 5, wherein the microfluidic chip 5 has an injection port and an outflow port, the injection port of the microfluidic chip 5 is connected to the injection device, a visible microchannel structure is formed between the injection port and the outflow port, the microchannel structure matches the channel structure of the core slice, the aqueous phase is injected into the microchannel structure through the injection port, and the oil phase pre-injected into the microchannel structure is emulsified, and the emulsion formed after emulsification or the oil phase displaced by the aqueous phase flows out through the outflow port; an effluent collector 10 is connected to the outflow port of the microfluidic chip 5, and is used to collect the emulsion formed after emulsification or the oil phase displaced by the aqueous phase; a constant temperature
  • the in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device includes an injection device, a microfluidic chip 5, an effluent collector 10, a fluorescence microscope 9, an emulsification identification unit 8, and an emulsification analysis unit 7.
  • the injection device, the microfluidic chip 5, and the effluent collector 10 are connected in sequence, and a constant temperature heater 6 is arranged at the bottom of the microfluidic chip 5, which is used to heat the microfluidic chip 5 at a constant temperature.
  • the microfluidic chip 5 has an injection port and an outflow port. The injection port of the microfluidic chip 5 is connected to the injection device, and the outflow port is connected to the effluent collector 10.
  • a visible microchannel structure is formed between the injection port and the outflow port.
  • the microchannel structure matches the channel structure of the core slice and can be obtained by scanning the real core slice.
  • the water phase is injected into the microchannel structure through the injection port, and the oil phase pre-injected into the microchannel structure is emulsified.
  • the emulsion formed after emulsification or the oil phase displaced by the water phase flows out through the outflow port and is collected in the effluent collector 10.
  • the microfluidic chip 5 is made of glass, and is processed by plate making, coating, and optical forming.
  • the microchannel structure is formed on the glass substrate by steps of imaging, chemical etching, sintering, wetting, etc.
  • Two holes are drilled at both ends of the diagonal of the microfluidic chip 5 as the injection port and the outflow port.
  • the average depth of the microchannel structure is 100 ⁇ m
  • the cross-sectional area is 4.2 mm 2
  • the porosity is about 44.3% measured by image analysis
  • the permeability is about 8.8 Darcy measured by water injection method.
  • the fluorescence microscope 9 is arranged above the microfluidic chip 5, and can distinguish the oil/water phases under the fluorescence excitation condition, and observe the emulsification process of the water phase to the oil phase in the microchannel structure.
  • the emulsification identification unit 8 is connected to the fluorescence microscope 9, and can collect the image information of the emulsification of the water phase to the oil phase in the microchannel structure, and send the image information to the emulsification analysis unit 7, and the emulsification analysis unit 7 determines the emulsification effect of the water phase to the oil phase based on the image information.
  • a first pressure sensor 3 is arranged on the sample inlet between the injection device and the injection port of the microfluidic chip 5, which can detect the injection pressure of the sample inlet.
  • a second pressure sensor 4 is arranged on the sample outlet between the injection device and the microfluidic chip 5 outlet, which can detect the outflow pressure of the sample outlet.
  • the detection limit of the first pressure sensor 3 and the second pressure sensor 4 is 800kPa.
  • the fluorescence microscope 9 is connected to the stage through a bracket, the microfluidic chip 5 and the constant temperature heater 6 are placed on the stage, and the fluorescence microscope 9 is arranged above the microchannel structure.
  • the fluorescence microscope 9 includes three excitation modes: blue field, green field and red field.
  • the emulsification recognition unit 8 uses a high-speed camera, and the maximum shooting rate of the high-speed camera in full-frame width mode is 2000 frames/second.
  • the in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device provided by the present invention, it is possible to use a microfluidic chip to simulate underground porous media, conduct a visual study of the in-situ emulsification process, explore the effects of various process variables on the in-situ emulsification, and further analyze and quantify the effluent, which helps to improve the recovery rate.
  • the injection device includes: a syringe 1 and a micro-injection pump 2, the syringe 1 is arranged between the micro-injection pump 2 and the first pressure sensor 3, the micro-injection pump 2 is used to adjust the injection amount and injection speed of the water phase or the oil phase, and pump the water phase or the oil phase into the injection pipeline through the syringe 1.
  • the injection device includes a syringe 1 and a micro-injection pump 2, the syringe 1 is arranged between the micro-injection pump 2 and the first pressure sensor 3, the micro-injection pump 2 can adjust the injection amount and injection speed of the water phase or the oil phase, and pump the water phase or the oil phase into the injection pipeline through the syringe 1.
  • the syringe 1 is a gas-tight syringe.
  • the device further comprises: a temperature measuring probe, the temperature measuring probe being arranged on the microfluidic core
  • the surface of the chip 5 is used to detect the temperature of the microfluidic chip 5.
  • a temperature measuring probe is provided on the surface of the microfluidic chip 5, which can detect the temperature of the microfluidic chip 5 in real time to ensure that the constant temperature heater 6 controls the microfluidic chip 5 within a suitable temperature range (such as around 60°C).
  • the effluent collector 10 is a nuclear magnetic resonance tube.
  • scale lines for marking standard capacity are arranged on the outer wall of the nuclear magnetic resonance tube.
  • the effluent collector 10 is a nuclear magnetic tube, and scale lines for marking standard capacity are provided on the outer wall of the nuclear magnetic tube.
  • the staff can intuitively obtain the volume of the emulsion formed after emulsification and the volume of the oil phase displaced by the water phase according to the scale lines, which is convenient for characterizing the emulsification effect.
  • the device also includes: a pressure-resistant clamp 11, which is a sheet structure with square through holes, and the square through holes of the pressure-resistant clamp 11 expose the visible microchannel structure, injection port and outflow port of the microfluidic chip 5, are pressed on the four sides of the microfluidic chip 5, and are fixed to the constant temperature heater 6.
  • a pressure-resistant clamp 11 which is a sheet structure with square through holes, and the square through holes of the pressure-resistant clamp 11 expose the visible microchannel structure, injection port and outflow port of the microfluidic chip 5, are pressed on the four sides of the microfluidic chip 5, and are fixed to the constant temperature heater 6.
  • a pressure-resistant fixture 11 is provided on the microfluidic chip 5, and a square through hole is provided in the middle of the pressure-resistant fixture 11.
  • the pressure-resistant fixture 11 is pressed on the four sides of the microfluidic chip 5 and fixed to the constant temperature heater 6.
  • the square through hole of the pressure-resistant fixture 11 exposes the visible microchannel structure, injection port and outflow port of the microfluidic chip 5.
  • the pressure-resistant fixture 11 can prevent the microfluidic chip 5 from shifting during the observation process and ensure the stability of the device. After the pressure-resistant fixture 11 is installed, the microfluidic chip 5 can withstand a maximum injection pressure of 3MPa.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization method, which is applied to the in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device mentioned above, and the method includes the following steps: S101: using different fluorescent agents to fluorescently mark the water phase and the oil phase respectively; S102: filling the microchannel structure of the microfluidic chip with the oil phase; S103: injecting water phase into the microchannel structure of the microfluidic chip, and emulsifying the oil phase of the microchannel structure with water phase; S104: collecting image information of the emulsification of the water phase of the microchannel structure with the oil phase; S105: determining the emulsification effect of the water phase on the oil phase based on the image information.
  • different fluorescent agents are first used to fluorescently mark the water phase and the oil phase, and the two phases are respectively injected into the micro-injection pump 2.
  • the oil phase is first filled into the microfluidic chip 5 by the micro-injection pump 2, so that the microchannel structure of the microfluidic chip 5 is filled with the oil phase.
  • the water phase made of a surfactant is filled into the microchannel structure of the microfluidic chip 5 by the micro-injection pump 2, and the oil phase pre-injected into the microchannel structure is emulsified.
  • the staff can obtain the microchannel structure through the fluorescence microscope 9 and the emulsification recognition unit 8.
  • the image information of the emulsification process of the water phase to the oil phase is obtained, and the emulsification analysis unit 7 determines the emulsification effect of the water phase on the oil phase based on the image information.
  • the emulsion formed after emulsification or the oil phase displaced by the water phase flows out through the outflow port and is collected in the effluent collector 10.
  • the staff can determine the emulsification effect of the water phase on the oil phase based on the volume of the emulsion formed after emulsification in the effluent collector 10 and the volume of the oil phase displaced by the water phase.
  • the injection pressure of the sample inlet pipeline and the outflow pressure of the sample outlet pipeline can be monitored by the first pressure sensor 3 and the second pressure sensor 4.
  • the pressure change in the emulsification process can be reflected by the injection pressure and the outflow pressure, reflecting whether the water phase has an effect on the oil phase.
  • the in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device provided by the present invention, it is possible to use a microfluidic chip to simulate underground porous media, conduct a visual study of the in-situ emulsification process, explore the effects of various process variables on the in-situ emulsification, and further analyze and quantify the effluent, which helps to improve the recovery rate.
  • determining the emulsification effect of the water phase on the oil phase based on the image information includes: determining the size and size distribution of the emulsion formed after emulsification based on the image information; the smaller the size of the emulsion formed after emulsification, the better the emulsification effect; the more uniform the size distribution of the emulsion formed after emulsification, the better the emulsification effect.
  • the emulsification effect can be determined according to the size and size distribution of the emulsion formed after emulsification.
  • the method also includes: determining the volume of the emulsion formed after emulsification and the volume of the oil phase displaced by the water phase; the larger the sum of the volume of the emulsion formed after emulsification and the volume of the oil phase displaced by the water phase, the better the emulsification effect.
  • the emulsification effect can also be determined according to the volume of the emulsion formed after emulsification and the volume of the oil phase displaced by the water phase.
  • a microfluidic chip 5 with a random microchannel structure was prepared by chemical etching.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the chip pore structure.
  • the preparation steps include plate making, coating, optical imaging, chemical etching, sintering, and wetting.
  • the microchannel structure is etched on a 64mm ⁇ 64mm glass substrate.
  • the size of the microchannel structure is 42mm ⁇ 42mm, two holes were drilled at both ends of the model diagonal line as injection port and outflow port.
  • the average depth of the microchannel structure is 100 ⁇ m, the cross-sectional area is 4.2mm2 , the porosity is about 44.3% measured by image analysis, and the permeability is about 8.8Darcy measured by water injection method.
  • the microfluidic chip 5 was horizontally fixed on a constant temperature heater at 40°C, and white oil was pumped into the microfluidic chip 5 at a high injection rate (100 ⁇ l ⁇ min -1 ) to ensure that the channel was saturated with oil.
  • a 1.6% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate aqueous solution was injected into the channel at a certain rate for emulsification, and the real-time pressure was recorded, while the temperature and injection flow rate were monitored to ensure the consistency of different experimental groups.
  • the emulsification process was carried out using a 2.5 ml airtight syringe with an injection rate of 10 ⁇ l ⁇ min -1 .
  • the water phase was labeled with 1 ⁇ 10 -4 mol ⁇ L -1 fluorescein, and the oil phase was labeled with 3 ⁇ 10 -5 mol ⁇ L -1 Nile red.
  • the emulsification process was imaged using a fluorescence microscope, and the fluorescence images were captured using an excitation filter with a wavelength range of 420 to 485 nm and an emission filter with a wavelength of 515 nm.
  • Figure 4 shows the emulsification process in a microfluidic chip using a 1.6% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate aqueous solution as the injection fluid.
  • the dashed box shows the exact location where the emulsification occurs, and the inset shows the evolution of the emulsification over time.
  • the microfluidic chip used in this embodiment is consistent with the chip in Example 1.
  • the microfluidic chip 5 is fixed horizontally on a 40°C hot stage, and white oil is pumped into the microfluidic chip 5 at a high injection rate (100 ⁇ l ⁇ min -1 ) to ensure that the channel is saturated with oil.
  • a 0.2% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate aqueous solution is injected into the channel at a certain rate for emulsification, and the real-time pressure is recorded, while the temperature and injection flow rate are monitored to ensure the consistency of different experimental groups.
  • the emulsification process is carried out using a 2.5ml airtight syringe with an injection rate of 10 ⁇ l ⁇ min -1 .
  • the water phase was labeled with 1 ⁇ 10 -4 mol ⁇ L -1 fluorescein, and the oil phase was labeled with 3 ⁇ 10 -5 mol ⁇ L -1 Nile red.
  • the displacement process was imaged using a fluorescence microscope, and the fluorescence images were captured using an excitation filter with a wavelength range of 420 to 485 nm and an emission filter with a wavelength of 515 nm.
  • FIG7 shows the emulsification process in a microfluidic chip using a 0.2% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate aqueous solution as the injection fluid.
  • the capillary resistance is high, and it is difficult for the oil block to pass through the narrow pore throat and be emulsified into small water droplets (as indicated by the white arrows in FIG7 ), but it can pass through larger pore throats and be divided into large-sized droplets.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides an in-situ emulsification process description and characterization system, comprising the in-situ emulsification process description and characterization device described above.

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Abstract

一种原位乳化过程描述与表征装置、方法及系统，属于油田化学及胶体界面领域，装置包括:注入装置；微流控芯片（5）,具有注入口和流出口，注入口与流出口之间形成有可视的微通道结构，微通道结构与岩心切片的通道结构匹配；流出液收集器（10）,与流出口连通；恒温加热器（6）,设置在微流控芯片（5）的底部；荧光显微镜（9）,设置在微流控芯片⑸上方；乳化识别单元（8）,与荧光显微镜（9）连通;乳化分析单元⑺，与乳化识别单元⑻连通；第一压力传感器⑶，设置在进样管路上；第二压力传感器（4）,设置在出样管路上。通过这一装置，能够对原位乳化过程进行可视化研究，探究各过程变量对原位乳化的影响，对流出液进行量化，有助于提高采收率。

Description

原位乳化过程描述与表征装置、方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及油田化学及胶体界面技术领域，具体地，涉及一种原位乳化过程描述与表征装置、一种原位乳化过程描述与表征方法及一种原位乳化过程描述与表征系统。
背景技术
在油气开采领域，通过形成中相微乳液，将油/水界面张力(IFT)降低到超低水平(<10-2mN·m-1)被普遍认为是表面活性剂提高采收率的主要机理。这一过程通常需要较高的表活剂浓度且需助剂的参与。然而，国内部分油田的现场应用表明，在使用低浓度表活剂，且未达到超低IFT时仍能实现大幅度提高采收率，例如，新疆油田使用了含表活剂环烷基芳基磺酸盐(NAS)的SP复合驱，现场阶段采收率达到了16％，数值模拟预测其最终采收率将达到20％，然而这一体系与原油间的界面张力远未达到超低水平，其中蕴含的潜在机理有待揭示。
近年来，原位乳化被认为是一种提高采收率的可能机理。理论上，当聚-表二元驱与原油在泵送压力下同时流动时，必然会形成乳液，原油也必然会与乳液一起被驱至地面。由于其较高的黏度，产生的乳液有助于封堵高渗通道，迫使后续的驱替液向低渗区域流动，以波及其中的残余油。然而，由于多孔介质几何结构的复杂性和乳液体系的复杂性，使得乳液形成和流动的物理过程十分复杂，乳液是如何在地下多孔介质中形成的，原位乳化对提高采收率的影响有多大，聚合物对原位乳化有何影响，目前尚无定论，主要原因是无法对多孔介质中的渗流过程进行实时监测。因此，可视化地研究流体在多孔介质中流动的基本机理，对于理解原位乳液的演化及揭示其对提高采收率的贡献具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术中表面活性剂驱油过程中的原位乳化作用难以描述和表征的技术问题，本发明提供了一种原位乳化过程描述与表征装置、一种原位乳化过程描述与表征方法及一种原位乳化过程描述与表征系统，采用原位乳化过程描述与 表征装置能够对原位乳化过程进行可视化研究，探究各过程变量对原位乳化的影响，并通过对流出液的分析进一步量化其对提高采收率的贡献。
为实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供一种原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，包括：注入装置，用于注入油相或水相；微流控芯片，所述微流控芯片具有注入口和流出口，所述微流控芯片的注入口与所述注入装置连通，所述注入口与所述流出口之间形成有可视微通道结构，所述微通道结构与岩心切片的通道结构匹配，水相通过所述注入口注入所述微通道结构，并对预先注入所述微通道结构的油相进行乳化，乳化后所形成的乳液或被水相驱替出的油相通过所述流出口流出；流出液收集器，与所述微流控芯片的流出口连通，用于收集乳化后所形成的乳液或被水相驱替出的油相；恒温加热器，设置在所述微流控芯片的底部，用于对所述微流控芯片进行恒温加热；荧光显微镜，设置在所述微流控芯片上方，用于观测微通道结构内水相对油相的乳化过程，其中，油相和水相分别采用不同的荧光剂预先进行荧光标记；乳化识别单元，与所述荧光显微镜连通，用于采集所述微通道结构内水相对油相乳化的图像信息；乳化分析单元，与所述乳化识别单元连通，用于基于所述图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果；第一压力传感器，设置在所述注入装置与所述微流控芯片注入口之间的进样管路上，用于检测所述进样管路的注入压力；第二压力传感器，设置在所述注入装置与所述微流控芯片流出口之间的出样管路上，用于检测所述出样管路的流出压力。
进一步地，所述注入装置包括：注射器和微量进样泵，所述注射器设置在所述微量进样泵与所述第一压力传感器之间，所述微量进样泵用于调节水相或油相的注入量和注入速度，并通过所述注射器向所述进样管路泵入水相或油相。
进一步地，所述注射器为气密注射器。
进一步地，所述装置还包括：测温探头，所述测温探头设置于所述微流控芯片表面，用于检测所述微流控芯片的温度。
进一步地，所述流出液收集器为核磁管。
进一步地，核磁管外壁上设置有用于标识标准容量的刻度线。
本发明第二方面提供一种原位乳化过程描述与表征方法，所述方法应用于上文所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，所述方法包括：分别采用不同的荧光剂对水相和油相进行荧光标记；向微流控芯片的微通道结构注满油相；向所述微流 控芯片的微通道结构注入水相，利用水相对微通道结构的油相进行乳化；采集微通道结构水相对油相乳化的图像信息；基于所述图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果。
进一步地，所述基于所述图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果，包括：基于所述图像信息确定乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸和尺寸分布；乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸越小，乳化效果越好；乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸分布越均匀，乳化效果越好。
进一步地，所述方法还包括：确定乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积；乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积之和越大，乳化效果越好。
本发明第三方面提供一种原位乳化过程描述与表征系统，包括上文所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置。
通过本发明提供的技术方案，本发明至少具有如下技术效果：
本发明的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置包括注入装置、微流控芯片、流出液收集器、恒温加热器、荧光显微镜、乳化识别单元、乳化分析单元和两个压力传感器。注入装置用于注入油相或水相，微流控芯片具有注入口和流出口，微流控芯片的注入口与注入装置连通，注入口与流出口之间形成有可视的微通道结构，微通道结构与岩心切片的通道结构匹配，水相通过注入口注入微通道结构，并对预先注入微通道结构的油相进行乳化，乳化后所形成的乳液或被水相驱替出的油相通过流出口流出至流出液收集器，恒温加热器设置在微流控芯片的底部，用于对微流控芯片进行恒温加热。油相和水相分别采用不同的荧光剂预先进行荧光标记，能够通过设置在微流控芯片上方的荧光显微镜，观测微通道结构内水相对油相的乳化过程。乳化识别单元与荧光显微镜连通，采集微通道结构内水相对油相乳化的图像信息传输给乳化分析单元，乳化分析单元基于图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果。在注入装置与微流控芯片注入口之间的进样管路，以及注入装置与微流控芯片流出口之间的出样管路上分别设置第一压力传感器和第二压力传感器，用于检测管路的压力。通过本发明提供的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置、方法及系统，能够利用微流控芯片模拟地下多孔介质，对原位乳化过程进行可视化研究，探究各过程变量对原位乳化的影响，而且能够对流出液进行进一步分析， 对流出液进行量化，有助于提高采收率。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明实施例，但并不构成对本发明实施例的限制。在附图中：
图1为本发明实施例提供的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置中微流控芯片的内部结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的原位乳化过程描述与表征方法的流程图；
图4为本发明的一种实施方式的乳化过程示意图；
图5为本发明的一种实施方式的乳化后的乳液示意图；
图6为本发明的一种实施方式的乳化后的乳液的尺寸分布图；
图7为本发明的另一实施方式的乳化过程示意图；
图8为本发明的另一实施方式的乳化后的乳液示意图；
图9为本发明的另一实施方式的乳化后的乳液的尺寸分布图。
附图标记说明
1-注射器；2-微量进样泵；3-第一压力传感器；4-第二压力传感器；5-微流
控芯片；6-恒温加热器；7-乳化分析单元；8-乳化识别单元；9-荧光显微镜；10-流出液收集器；11-耐压夹具。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明实施例的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明实施例，并不用于限制本发明实施例。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本发明中，在未作相反说明的情况下，使用的方位词如“上、下、顶、底”通常是针对附图所示的方向而言的或者是针对竖直、垂直或重力方向上而言的各 部件相互位置关系描述用词。
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
请参考图1，本发明实施例提供一种原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，该装置包括：注入装置，用于注入油相或水相；微流控芯片5，所述微流控芯片5具有注入口和流出口，所述微流控芯片5的注入口与所述注入装置连通，所述注入口与所述流出口之间形成有可视的微通道结构，所述微通道结构与岩心切片的通道结构匹配，水相通过所述注入口注入所述微通道结构，并对预先注入所述微通道结构的油相进行乳化，乳化后所形成的乳液或被水相驱替出的油相通过所述流出口流出；流出液收集器10，与所述微流控芯片5的流出口连通，用于收集乳化后所形成的乳液或被水相驱替出的油相；恒温加热器6，设置在所述微流控芯片5的底部，用于对所述微流控芯片5进行恒温加热；荧光显微镜9，设置在所述微流控芯片5上方，用于观测微通道结构内水相对油相的乳化过程，其中，油相和水相分别采用不同的荧光剂预先进行荧光标记；乳化识别单元8，与所述荧光显微镜9连通，用于采集所述微通道结构内水相对油相乳化的图像信息；乳化分析单元7，与所述乳化识别单元8连通，用于基于所述图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果；第一压力传感器3，设置在所述注入装置与所述微流控芯片5注入口之间的进样管路上，用于检测所述进样管路的注入压力；第二压力传感器4，设置在所述注入装置与所述微流控芯片5流出口之间的出样管路上，用于检测所述出样管路的流出压力。
具体地，本发明实施方式中，原位乳化过程描述与表征装置包括注入装置、微流控芯片5、流出液收集器10、荧光显微镜9、乳化识别单元8、和乳化分析单元7。注入装置、微流控芯片5和流出液收集器10依次连通，恒温加热器6设置在微流控芯片5底部，用于对微流控芯片5进行恒温加热。请参考图2，微流控芯片5具有注入口和流出口，微流控芯片5的注入口与注入装置连通，流出口与流出液收集器10连通。注入口与流出口之间形成有可视的微通道结构，微通道结构与岩心切片的通道结构匹配，可通过真实的岩心切片扫描获得，水相通过注入口注入微通道结构，并对预先注入微通道结构的油相进行乳化，乳化后所形成的乳液或被水相驱替出的油相通过流出口流出，收集在流出液收集器10内。在一种可能的实施方式中，微流控芯片5由玻璃制成，通过制版、涂附、光学成 像、化学刻蚀、烧结、润湿等步骤在玻璃基板上形成微通道结构，微流控芯片5对角线两端分别钻出两个孔作为注入口和流出口。微通道结构的平均深度为100μm，横截面面积为4.2mm2，通过图像分析测得孔隙度约为44.3％，通过注水法测得渗透率约为8.8Darcy。
荧光显微镜9设置在微流控芯片5上方，在荧光激发条件下能够区分油/水两相，观测微通道结构内水相对油相的乳化过程。乳化识别单元8与荧光显微镜9连通，能够采集微通道结构内水相对油相乳化的图像信息，并将图像信息发送给乳化分析单元7，乳化分析单元7基于图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果。在注入装置与所述微流控芯片5注入口之间的进样管路上设置有第一压力传感器3，能够检测进样管路的注入压力。在注入装置与微流控芯片5流出口之间的出样管路上设置有第二压力传感器4，能够检测出样管路的流出压力。第一压力传感器3和第二压力传感器4的检测限为800kPa。在一种可能的实施方式中，荧光显微镜9通过支架与载物台连接，微流控芯片5和恒温加热器6放置于载物台上，荧光显微镜9设置于微通道结构上方。荧光显微镜9包含蓝场、绿场和红场三种激发模式。乳化识别单元8采用高速摄像机，高速摄像机在全画幅宽度模式下的最大拍摄速率为2000帧/秒。
根据本发明提供的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，能够利用微流控芯片模拟地下多孔介质，对原位乳化过程进行可视化研究，探究各过程变量对原位乳化的影响，而且能够对流出液进行进一步分析，对流出液进行量化，有助于提高采收率。
进一步地，所述注入装置包括：注射器1和微量进样泵2，所述注射器1设置在所述微量进样泵2与所述第一压力传感器3之间，所述微量进样泵2用于调节水相或油相的注入量和注入速度，并通过所述注射器1向所述进样管路泵入水相或油相。
具体地，本发明实施方式中，注入装置包括注射器1和微量进样泵2，注射器1设置在微量进样泵2与第一压力传感器3之间，微量进样泵2能够调节水相或油相的注入量和注入速度，并通过注射器1向进样管路泵入水相或油相。在一种可能的实施方式中，注射器1为气密型注射器。
进一步地，所述装置还包括：测温探头，所述测温探头设置于所述微流控芯 片5表面，用于检测所述微流控芯片5的温度。
具体地，本发明实施方式中，在微流控芯片5表面设置有测温探头，测温探头能够实时检测微流控芯片5的温度，保证恒温加热器6将微流控芯片5控制在合适的温度范围内(比如60℃附近)。
进一步地，所述流出液收集器10为核磁管。
进一步地，核磁管外壁上设置有用于标识标准容量的刻度线。
具体地，本发明实施方式中，流出液收集器10为核磁管，在核磁管外壁上设置有用于标识标准容量的刻度线，工作人员能够根据刻度线直观得到乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积，方便对乳化效果进行表征。
进一步地，所述装置还包括：耐压夹具11，所述耐压夹具11为具有方形通孔的片状结构，所述耐压夹具11的方形通孔暴露出微流控芯片5的可视的微通道结构、注入口和流出口，压覆在微流控芯片5的四边，并与恒温加热器6固定。
具体地，本发明实施方式中，在微流控芯片5上设置有耐压夹具11，耐压夹具11中间具有方形通孔，耐压夹具11压覆在微流控芯片5的四边，并与恒温加热器6固定，耐压夹具11的方形通孔暴露出微流控芯片5的可视的微通道结构、注入口和流出口。耐压夹具11能够防止微流控芯片5在观测过程中移位，保证装置的稳定性。微流控芯片5加装耐压夹具11后可承受最大3MPa的注入压力。
请参考图3，本发明第二方面提供一种原位乳化过程描述与表征方法，所述方法应用于上文所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，所述方法包括以下步骤：S101：分别采用不同的荧光剂对水相和油相进行荧光标记；S102：向微流控芯片的微通道结构注满油相；S103：向所述微流控芯片的微通道结构注入水相，利用水相对微通道结构的油相进行乳化；S104：采集微通道结构水相对油相乳化的图像信息；S105：基于所述图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果。
具体地，本发明实施方式中，首先采用不同的荧光剂对水相和油相进行荧光标记，分别注入微量进样泵2，先通过微量进样泵2向微流控芯片5内注满油相，使得微流控芯片5的微通道结构填充满油相，然后通过微量进样泵2向微流控芯片5的微通道结构内注满由表面活性剂制成的水相，对预先注入微通道结构的油相进行乳化，工作人员能够通过荧光显微镜9和乳化识别单元8获取微通道结构 内水相对油相乳化过程的图像信息，乳化分析单元7基于图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果。乳化后所形成的乳液或被水相驱替出的油相通过流出口流出，收集至流出液收集器10中，工作人员能够根据流出液收集器10内的乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积确定水相对油相的乳化效果。在乳化过程中能够通过第一压力传感器3和第二压力传感器4监测进样管路的注入压力和出样管路的流出压力，同时还可以通过注入压力和流出压力反映出乳化过程中的压力变化，体现水相是否对油相起作用。
根据本发明提供的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，能够利用微流控芯片模拟地下多孔介质，对原位乳化过程进行可视化研究，探究各过程变量对原位乳化的影响，而且能够对流出液进行进一步分析，对流出液进行量化，有助于提高采收率。
进一步地，所述基于所述图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果，包括：基于所述图像信息确定乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸和尺寸分布；乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸越小，乳化效果越好；乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸分布越均匀，乳化效果越好。
具体地，本发明实施方式中，能够根据乳化后形成的乳液的尺寸和尺寸分布确定出乳化效果，乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸越小，乳化效果越好，乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸分布越均匀，乳化效果越好。
进一步地，所述方法还包括：确定乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积；乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积之和越大，乳化效果越好。
具体地，本发明实施方式中，还可以根据乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积确定乳化效果。乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积之和越大，乳化效果越好。乳液体积越大，则乳化效果越好，油相体积越大，则驱油效果越好。
实施例一
采用化学刻蚀法制备了具有无规微通道结构的微流控芯片5。图2为芯片孔隙结构平面示意图。制备步骤包括制版、涂附、光学成像、化学刻蚀、烧结、润湿。微通道结构被刻蚀在64mm×64mm的玻璃基板上，微通道结构的尺寸为 42mm×42mm，在模型对角线两端分别钻出两个孔作为注入口和流出口。微通道结构的平均深度为100μm，横截面面积为4.2mm2，通过图像分析测得孔隙度约为44.3％，通过注水法测得渗透率约为8.8Darcy。
管道连接好后，微流控芯片5被水平固定在40℃的恒温加热器上，在高注入速率下(100μl·min-1)向微流控芯片5内泵入白油以确保通道内被油饱和。油饱和过程结束后，以一定速率向通道内注入质量分数为1.6％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液进行乳化，并记录实时压力，同时监测温度和注入流量，以确保不同实验组的一致性。乳化过程采用2.5ml的气密注射器进行，注入速率为10μl·min-1。
为区分油水两相，采用1×10-4mol·L-1的荧光素标记水相，并用3×10-5mol·L-1尼罗红标记油相。利用荧光显微镜对乳化过程进行成像，使用波长范围为420～485nm的激发滤光片和波长为515nm的发射滤光片捕捉荧光图像。
利用高速摄像机记录乳液的产生过程。图4显示了在微流控芯片中以1.6％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液为注入流体的乳化过程。虚线框内为乳化发生的确切位置，插图展示了乳化随时间的演化。从图中可以发现，当残余油到达孔喉处时(以此为起始时刻)，由于驱替压力小于毛细阻力，残余油前缘在50-170ms内逐渐被挤压，最终在200ms时被“咬断”(Snapping action)，但仍有大量尾缘残余油滞留在喉道，从240ms捕获的图像中可以看出，分离后的残余油迅速变成球形，形成孔喉尺度的乳液滴并向下游运移。
请参考图5，乳化1小时后，对微流控芯片5中的乳化情况进行采集，并利用Digimizer软件统计乳液尺寸，请参考表1，所得数据作尺寸分布图见图6，在本实施例中乳液平均尺寸为117μl，标准偏差为40μl。驱替过程中收集流出液，测量各相体积，在本实施例中，共收集油相296μl，水包油乳液63μl。
表1
实施例二
本实施所用微流控芯片与实施例一中芯片保持一致。管道连接好后，微流控芯片5被水平固定在40℃热台上，在高注入速率下(100μl·min-1)向微流控芯片5内泵入白油以确保通道内被油饱和。油饱和过程结束后，以一定速率向通道内注入质量分数为0.2％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液进行乳化，并记录实时压力，同时监测温度和注入流量，以确保不同实验组的一致性。乳化过程采用2.5ml的气密注射器进行，注入速率为10μl·min-1。
为区分油水两相，采用1×10-4mol·L-1的荧光素标记水相，并用3×10-5mol·L-1尼罗红标记油相。利用荧光显微镜对驱替过程进行成像，使用波长范围为420～485nm的激发滤光片和波长为515nm的发射滤光片捕捉荧光图像。
利用高速摄像机记录乳液的产生过程。图7显示了在微流控芯片中以0.2％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液为注入流体的乳化过程。对于本实施例，由于界面张力较高(2.3mN·m-1)，导致毛细阻力较高，油块很难通过狭窄孔喉而被乳化成小水滴(如图7中白色箭头所指)，但是可以在更大的孔喉处通过从而被分割成大尺寸液滴。如图7中虚线框和插图所示，当残余油到达大尺寸孔喉时(0ms)，油块前沿在40～110ms内被逐渐挤压变形，并最终在140ms时被分割，分离后的油在界面张力作用下变为球形，形成与孔喉尺寸相匹配的乳液滴。
请参考图8，驱替1小时后，对芯片中的乳化情况进行拍照，并利用Digimizer软件统计液滴尺寸，所得数据作尺寸分布图如图9所示，在本实施例中乳液平均尺寸为146μm，标准偏差为72μm。驱替过程中收集流出液，测量各相体积，在本实施例中，共收集油相294μl，水包油乳液50μl。
本发明第三方面提供一种原位乳化过程描述与表征系统，包括上文所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    注入装置，用于注入油相或水相；
    微流控芯片(5)，所述微流控芯片(5)具有注入口和流出口，所述微流控芯片(5)的注入口与所述注入装置连通，所述注入口与所述流出口之间形成有可视的微通道结构，所述微通道结构与岩心切片的通道结构匹配，水相通过所述注入口注入所述微通道结构，并对预先注入所述微通道结构的油相进行乳化，乳化后所形成的乳液或被水相驱替出的油相通过所述流出口流出；
    流出液收集器(10)，与所述微流控芯片(5)的流出口连通，用于收集乳化后所形成的乳液或被水相驱替出的油相；
    恒温加热器(6)，设置在所述微流控芯片(5)的底部，用于对所述微流控芯片(5)进行恒温加热；
    荧光显微镜(9)，设置在所述微流控芯片(5)上方，用于观测微通道结构内水相对油相的乳化过程，其中，油相和水相分别采用不同的荧光剂预先进行荧光标记；
    乳化识别单元(8)，与所述荧光显微镜(9)连通，用于采集所述微通道结构内水相对油相乳化的图像信息；
    乳化分析单元(7)，与所述乳化识别单元(8)连通，用于基于所述图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果；
    第一压力传感器(3)，设置在所述注入装置与所述微流控芯片(5)注入口之间的进样管路上，用于检测所述进样管路的注入压力；
    第二压力传感器(4)，设置在所述注入装置与所述微流控芯片(5)流出口之间的出样管路上，用于检测所述出样管路的流出压力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，其特征在于，所述注入装置包括：
    注射器(1)和微量进样泵(2)，所述注射器(1)设置在所述微量进样泵(2)与所述第一压力传感器(3)之间，所述微量进样泵(2)用于调节水相或油相的注入量和注入速度，并通过所述注射器(1)向所述进样管路泵入水相或 油相。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，其特征在于，所述注射器(1)为气密注射器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    测温探头，所述测温探头设置于所述微流控芯片(5)表面，用于检测所述微流控芯片(5)的温度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，其特征在于，所述流出液收集器(10)为核磁管。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，其特征在于，核磁管外壁上设置有用于标识标准容量的刻度线。
  7. 一种原位乳化过程描述与表征方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于权利要求1-6中任一项所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置，所述方法包括：
    分别采用不同的荧光剂对水相和油相进行荧光标记；
    向微流控芯片的微通道结构注满油相；
    向所述微流控芯片的微通道结构注入水相，利用水相对微通道结构的油相进行乳化；
    采集微通道结构水相对油相乳化的图像信息；
    基于所述图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述图像信息确定水相对油相的乳化效果，包括：
    基于所述图像信息确定乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸和尺寸分布；
    乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸越小，乳化效果越好；
    乳化后所形成的乳液的尺寸分布越均匀，乳化效果越好。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    确定乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积；
    乳化后所形成的乳液的体积与被水相驱替出的油相的体积之和越大，乳化效果越好。
  10. 一种原位乳化过程描述与表征系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-6中任一项所述的原位乳化过程描述与表征装置。
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