WO2024083398A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque de verre cintrée pourvue d'une traversée - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque de verre cintrée pourvue d'une traversée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024083398A1
WO2024083398A1 PCT/EP2023/074445 EP2023074445W WO2024083398A1 WO 2024083398 A1 WO2024083398 A1 WO 2024083398A1 EP 2023074445 W EP2023074445 W EP 2023074445W WO 2024083398 A1 WO2024083398 A1 WO 2024083398A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass pane
pane
glass
cutting line
area
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/074445
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexandre FESSEMAZ
Pauline GIRARD
Charlotte DUMAY JUVENETON
David Valcke
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Publication of WO2024083398A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024083398A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
    • C03B33/08—Severing cooled glass by fusing, i.e. by melting through the glass
    • C03B33/082—Severing cooled glass by fusing, i.e. by melting through the glass using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/004—Tempering or quenching glass products by bringing the hot glass product in contact with a solid cooling surface, e.g. sand grains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
    • C03B27/0413—Stresses, e.g. patterns, values or formulae for flat or bent glass sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
    • C03B27/044—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for flat or bent glass sheets being in a horizontal position
    • C03B27/0442—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for flat or bent glass sheets being in a horizontal position for bent glass sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a curved glass pane with a feedthrough, a glass pane with a feedthrough produced thereby and a composite pane with the glass pane.
  • Curved glass panes are used particularly in the vehicle sector. In some applications, it is necessary to provide a curved glass pane with a hole or a feedthrough. This occurs, for example, in the case of windshields that are equipped with camera systems, which is now widespread in connection with driver assistance systems. The camera systems often rely on a high light transmission of the windshield, for example for distance and speed measurements using Lidar (light detection and ranging).
  • Windshields typically consist of two panes of glass that are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. If one of the two panes of glass is tinted (usually the inner pane), the light transmission is sometimes not high enough for the camera systems.
  • a feedthrough through the tinted glass pane in the camera area to locally increase the light transmission.
  • an insert made of clear glass or a transparent plastic can be used in the feedthrough.
  • Such windshields are known, for example, from W02009030476A1, WO2020221597A1, WO2021053138A1, WO2022175634A1, WO2022175635A1 or CN111409314A.
  • the glass pane is first bent and then the feedthrough is formed in the curved glass pane, for example by laser cutting.
  • the edge surface of the glass pane that limits the feedthrough is not provided with edge stresses, which significantly impairs the mechanical stability of the glass pane.
  • the feedthrough represents a mechanical weakening of the glass pane, which can lead to damage to the glass pane, for example to glass breakage when the glass pane is installed in the vehicle.
  • the leadthrough is first formed in the flat glass pane and then bent. Because the Edge area which limits the feedthrough is already exposed when the glass pane is bent and cools down faster than the other areas of the glass pane, so edge stresses are generated in the area of the feedthrough. This is beneficial for the mechanical stability of the glass pane. However, the locally different cooling behavior also leads to the formation of optical distortions, so that the optical quality of the glass pane in the area around the feedthrough is reduced.
  • the glass pane should have edge stresses around the feedthrough, but no optical distortions.
  • WO2019/002751 A1 discloses a method in which a local compressive stress zone is formed by applying an air stream.
  • W02021111084A1 discloses tools with which a portion of a glass pane can be selectively cooled by direct contact and thus provided with compressive stress.
  • a circular feedthrough is created by mechanical glass drilling. Mechanical drilling typically leads to poor edge quality of the feedthrough, with, for example, frequent scalloping. The method is also limited to circular feedthroughs because experience has shown that only these can be created by mechanical drilling on an already bent glass pane without damaging the glass pane.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing an improved method for producing a curved glass pane with a feedthrough, whereby edge stresses are generated around the feedthrough without causing optical distortions.
  • the method should make it possible to produce feedthroughs of any shape (base area) with a high edge quality.
  • the method according to the invention is used to produce a curved glass pane with a leadthrough. It comprises the following process steps in the order given:
  • the glass pane is first bent before the feedthrough is produced. This means that no optical distortions can occur adjacent to the feedthrough, as would be the case if the feedthrough were produced before bending due to the different cooling behavior.
  • local compressive stresses are introduced into the glass pane in an area in which the cutting line for producing the feedthrough is later located. Since the cutting line later results in the edge surface that limits the feedthrough, this edge surface is provided with an edge stress (in particular edge compressive stress). This mechanically stabilizes the glass pane.
  • edge stress in particular edge compressive stress
  • the method according to the invention produces a glass pane with a feedthrough that is characterized by high optical quality and high mechanical stability. Cutting through the glass pane using laser radiation is gentle and leads to a high edge quality around the feedthrough. In addition, openings of any shape can be created in the already bent glass pane.
  • the glass pane has a first and a second main surface and a side edge surface running between them.
  • the two main surfaces are arranged substantially parallel to one another and are intended in particular for viewing through the glass pane.
  • the glass pane is preferably made of soda-lime glass, but can in principle also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass.
  • the thickness of the glass pane is preferably from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm, most preferably from 1.5 mm to 3 mm.
  • the glass pane can be made of clear or tinted or colored glass.
  • the glass pane is tinted or colored. With tinted or colored glass panes, feedthroughs are particularly often desired, for example to locally increase the light transmission.
  • the glass pane is preferably tinted or colored in such a way that the light transmission based on a glass thickness of 4 mm is at most 80%, particularly preferably from 60% to 80%, in particular from 70% to 80%. In this range, the transmission in the visible spectral range is sufficiently high so that laser processing is advantageously possible.
  • the light transmission is the total transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm.
  • the feedthrough extends completely through the glass pane, starting from the first main surface to the second main surface.
  • the feedthrough can also be understood and referred to as a hole in the glass pane that extends completely between the main surfaces (i.e. it is not a mere depression in the sense of a blind hole).
  • the feedthrough is completely surrounded by the rest of the glass pane.
  • the feedthrough is limited and completely surrounded by an edge surface of the glass pane that is directed towards the feedthrough. This edge surface is formed by cutting through the glass pane along the cutting line; it follows the contour of the cutting line.
  • the glass pane is provided in a flat state, with the two main surfaces being flat (plane-parallel).
  • the glass pane is first bent, in particular brought into its final bent shape. To do this, the flat glass pane is heated to a bending temperature in a first process step (process step (a)).
  • the bending temperature is the temperature at which the subsequent bending is carried out.
  • the bending temperature is chosen to be sufficiently high so that the glass pane can be plastically deformed, i.e. it can be brought into a bent shape that is stable after the glass pane has cooled.
  • the bending temperature is preferably chosen to be higher than the so-called softening point of the glass pane, at which the Glass pane reaches such a viscosity that it begins to deform under its own weight. Since a higher bending temperature is associated with a reduced optical quality of the glass pane, the softening point should not be exceeded too far.
  • the bending temperature is from 600°C to 700°C, preferably from 620°C to 660°C.
  • the glass pane is then bent at the bending temperature (process step (b)). Bending is carried out in particular using a bending tool (bending mold) which has a bent or curved contact surface to which the glass pane is adapted.
  • the contact surfaces can be full-surface, with the majority of the glass pane or even the entire glass pane coming into contact with the contact surface (full mold).
  • the contact surfaces can also be designed like a frame, with only a peripheral edge area of the glass pane coming into contact with the contact surface, while the majority of the pane surface does not come into direct contact with the contact surface.
  • the contact surface can be convexly or concavely curved.
  • all common glass bending processes can be used for bending, in particular gravity bending, press bending and/or suction bending.
  • gravity bending the glass pane is placed on a bending form and, under the effect of gravity, sinks down onto the contact surface of the bending form so that it is adapted to the shape of the contact surface.
  • press bending in the narrower sense, the glass pane is pressed between two complementary bending forms and thereby deformed.
  • press bending processes in which the glass pane is pressed (“blown”) onto an upper bending form with the contact surface facing downwards by an upward air stream are also referred to as press bending.
  • suction bending the glass pane is sucked onto the contact surface, with holes typically being made in the contact surface of solid forms to transmit the suction effect.
  • the bending processes can also be combined consecutively (multi-stage bending processes) or simultaneously.
  • a pre-bend can be made using gravity bending and then the final bend can be made using press bending.
  • press bending a suction effect is often also exerted on the glass pane by one of the tools.
  • the bend of the glass pane can be a cylindrical bend, i.e. a bend (pre-bend) along a single spatial direction.
  • the bend of the glass pane is a spherical bend, i.e. a "three-dimensional" bend along two orthogonal spatial directions. This is particularly common in the case of vehicle windows.
  • an area of the glass pane which is referred to as the stress area in the sense of the invention, is cooled, whereby compressive stresses are formed in said area (process step (c)).
  • This process step is therefore a type of local thermal tempering of the glass pane. Only the stress area is cooled by a suitable coolant (for example a cooling fluid or a cooling tool) so that the stresses (compressive stresses) are formed selectively or exclusively in the stress area, while the rest of the pane (outside the stress area) is not treated with the coolant and accordingly no corresponding stresses (compressive stresses) are generated in the rest of the pane.
  • the glass pane comprises the stress area and at least one further area, whereby the compressive stresses are formed by the local, active cooling only in the stress area and not in the at least one further area.
  • the glass pane is not tempered over its entire surface, but at most in local areas, in particular in the voltage range according to the invention and optionally a peripheral edge area.
  • the compressive stresses that are formed in the stress area are preferably in a range from 10 MPa to 60 MPa, particularly preferably from 20 MPa to 50 MPa. This achieves good results.
  • the values mentioned here relate in particular to the surface of the glass pane on which the coolant is acting (surface tension). A stress profile can form across the thickness of the glass pane, so that values measured elsewhere (inside the glass pane or on the opposite surface) can deviate from this, typically lower values.
  • the compressive stresses in the stress area can be made visible and assessed, for example, by placing the glass pane in front of a polarization wall (a flat light source that emits polarized light). Since the stresses influence the polarization of the light, the stress area becomes visible as a result of the polarized light passing through.
  • a polarization wall a flat light source that emits polarized light
  • the area share of the compressive stress region in the total area of the glass pane is typically at most 15%, preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 5%.
  • the said area share is, for example, from 0.1% to 15% or from 1% to 10% or from 2% to 5%.
  • the area of the compressive stress range is, for example, from 0.5 cm 2 to 70 cm 2 .
  • transition temperature the temperature of the glass pane is above the so-called transition point (transition temperature).
  • the glass pane may still be at the bending temperature or may already have cooled slightly after the bending process.
  • the stress area is cooled below the transition point. This cooling takes place relatively quickly, and the stress area is quenched at the same time. This creates the compressive stresses.
  • the rest of the glass pane cools relatively slowly, so that no stresses are generated here, at least not in a targeted manner.
  • the slow cooling process can sometimes cause slight compressive and/or tensile stresses to form in the rest of the glass pane. These are However, they are significantly less pronounced than the deliberately generated compressive stresses in the stress range.
  • the shape of the stress area is not fundamentally fixed as long as the cutting line is completely located within the stress area.
  • the stress area is limited by an outer peripheral line (outer boundary line) which surrounds the stress area and separates it from the surrounding area of the glass pane.
  • the area delimited by the outer circumferential line is completely filled with the stress area.
  • the stress area is designed as a closed surface or solid surface, for example as a completely filled polygon (such as a trapezoid or rectangle), circle or oval. It is preferred that the outer circumferential line runs parallel to the cutting line. This means that the stress area can advantageously be chosen to be small and the extent of the prestressed zone around the feedthrough is essentially constant all the way around.
  • the distance of the cutting line from the circumferential line is preferably at least 5 mm, particularly preferably from 5 mm to 30 mm, very preferably from 10 mm to 20 mm.
  • the circumferential line is also a circular line and the stress area is a completely filled circle (with a slightly larger diameter than the circular line of the cutting line).
  • the intersection line describes the circumference of a polygon (such as a trapezoid)
  • the circumference is also in the form of the circumference of a polygon of the same type (such as a trapezoid) and the stress area is a completely filled polygon of the same type (such as a trapezoid) with slightly larger dimensions than the rectangle of the intersection line.
  • the circumference of the stress area can run parallel to the cutting line.
  • the shapes of the stress area and the cutting line can be chosen independently of each other, as long as the cutting line is completely located in the stress area.
  • the stress area can be designed as a (completely filled) circle or rectangle and the cutting line can be designed as the circumference of a trapezoid that lies completely within the area of the stress area.
  • the stress area is not only surrounded by a (non-tempered) area of the glass pane, but also surrounds a further (not prestressed) area of the glass pane.
  • the stress area then has not only the outer peripheral line, but also an inner boundary line, which delimits the stress area from the said further area.
  • the outer peripheral line and the inner boundary line preferably run parallel to each other.
  • the cutting line runs between the outer peripheral line and the inner boundary line, in particular parallel to them.
  • the stress area is designed as a closed line, i.e. in the form of a line without end points.
  • the term "line" in this case is of course not to be interpreted in a strictly mathematical sense. Rather, the line has a finite width.
  • the line can therefore also be referred to as a strip and the shape of the stress area as closed-strip-shaped.
  • the strip extends along the intended cutting line.
  • the advantage of this design is in particular that the stress area can be chosen to be advantageously small - it simply follows the intended cutting line.
  • the width of the strip is preferably at least 10 mm, particularly preferably from 10 mm to 50 mm, very preferably from 15 mm to 40 mm.
  • the cutting line can run centrally between the outer circumferential line and the inner boundary line. However, the cutting line is preferably a shorter distance from the inner boundary line than from the outer circumferential line in order to increase the size of the compressive stress zone around the subsequently created passage.
  • the distance of the cutting line from the outer circumferential line is preferably at least 5 mm, particularly preferably from 5 mm to 30 mm, very preferably from 10 mm to 20 mm.
  • the targeted and active cooling of the stress area is preferably carried out by exposing the stress area to a gas flow and/or by bringing the stress area into thermally conductive contact with the contact surface of a tool (directly or indirectly).
  • the contact surface of the tool is preferably actively cooled.
  • only one of the two main surfaces of the glass pane is exposed to the gas flow in the stress area and/or brought into contact with the contact surface of the tool. It can sometimes happen that tensile stresses, rather than compressive stresses, are formed on the opposite surface. In principle, however, it is also possible for both main surfaces to be exposed to the gas flow in the stress area. Voltage range simultaneously exposed to the gas flow and/or brought into contact with the contact surface of the tool.
  • the stress area is cooled by a gas flow.
  • the stress area is in particular directly exposed to the gas flow.
  • the gas flow is fed to a tool which has at least one outlet nozzle through which the gas flow flows out of the tool.
  • the at least one outlet nozzle is directed at the stress area of the glass pane.
  • the tool can have a single outlet nozzle which has the shape of the stress area.
  • the tool can have a plurality of outlet nozzles which are arranged such that they are distributed (preferably evenly) over the stress area. This means that the gas flow of each outlet nozzle hits a section of the stress area and the sections of the different outlet nozzles are distributed (preferably evenly) over the stress area.
  • the entirety of the nozzles thus reproduces the shape of the stress area.
  • the tool can, for example, be equipped with a nozzle plate directed at the stress area, which has the shape of the stress area and which is formed with the plurality of nozzles, wherein the nozzles are preferably distributed evenly over the nozzle plate.
  • the gas stream is preferably an air stream.
  • the air stream can be obtained from the ambient air, for example by means of at least one fan or a venturi nozzle, or taken from a compressed air tank.
  • a tool is used to cool the stress area, which is brought into contact with the surface of the glass pane.
  • the tool has a contact surface, which is brought into contact with the surface of the glass pane (exclusively) in the stress area.
  • the contact area has the shape of the stress area and is brought into contact with it congruently.
  • the contact can be direct contact, so that the contact surface lies directly on the surface.
  • the contact can also be indirect, with a layer of a mediating material arranged between the contact surface and the surface of the glass pane, which is in direct contact with the glass pane on the one hand and with the contact surface on the other.
  • the mediating material can be thermally conductive and/or gas-permeable.
  • the tool has in particular an inner cavity in which a fluid flow can flow or circulate. The fluid flow is fed to this cavity through an inlet, which is preferably arranged on the side of the tool facing away from the glass pane.
  • the contact surface of the tool is closed, i.e. it has no openings or passages.
  • the fluid flow cannot flow out of the inner cavity through the contact surface.
  • the tool has an outlet, preferably on the side of the tool facing away from the glass pane, through which the fluid flow can leave the inner cavity again.
  • the contact surface is cooled by heat conduction of a boundary wall containing the contact surface as an outer surface, the boundary wall in turn being cooled by the inner fluid flow.
  • the boundary wall is made in particular from a metal or a metal alloy (for example steel).
  • the fluid can be a gas (in particular air) or a cooling liquid (in particular water). If the contact surface is brought into contact with the glass pane indirectly via a layer of a mediating material, this mediating material is thermally conductive.
  • the layer of the mediating material can, for example, be designed as a layer of a metal mesh or steel mesh.
  • the contact surface of the tool has passages through which the inner fluid flow can exit the inner cavity.
  • the tool has a boundary wall which is equipped with the contact surface as the outer surface. The passages are introduced into this boundary wall.
  • the boundary wall is made in particular from a metal or a metal alloy (for example steel).
  • the fluid is a gas (in particular air).
  • the gas flow exiting the tool hits the surface of the glass pane, which cools the stress area. In addition, cooling can occur through thermal conduction as a result of contact with the contact surface. If the contact surface is brought into contact with the glass pane indirectly via a layer of a mediating material, this mediating material is gas-permeable.
  • the layer of the mediating material can, for example, be designed as a layer of a gas-permeable metal mesh or steel mesh.
  • the boundary wall of the tool which carries the contact surface as an outer surface, is made of a gas-permeable, in particular porous material.
  • the internal fluid flow can exit the internal cavity through this material.
  • the fluid is a gas (in particular air).
  • the gas flow exiting the tool hits the surface of the glass pane, which cools the stress area.
  • cooling can occur through thermal conduction of the gas-permeable material as a result of contact with the contact surface. If the contact surface is brought into contact with the glass pane indirectly via a layer of a mediating material, this mediating material is also gas-permeable.
  • the layer of the mediating material can, for example, be designed as a layer of a gas-permeable metal mesh or steel mesh.
  • the tool can be made of a metal or a metal alloy (for example steel), with the inner cavity having an opening in the form of the stress area. This opening is closed by the gas-permeable, in particular porous material, which creates the contact surface.
  • the gas-permeable material can be made, for example, as a porous ceramic, as a gas-permeable metal mesh or steel mesh, or from sintered metal particles.
  • a gas stream is used as a fluid stream in one of the aforementioned embodiments of the tool, it can be obtained from the ambient air (for example by means of at least one fan or a Venturi nozzle) or taken from a compressed air tank and fed to the inner cavity of the tool.
  • the glass pane is severed along the cutting line using laser radiation (process step (d)).
  • the cutting line is a closed line, i.e. a line without ends.
  • the cutting line describes an area of the glass pane that is removed after the cutting, creating the feedthrough.
  • the cutting line results in the edge surface of the glass pane that is directed towards the feedthrough and surrounds the feedthrough. In other words, the cutting line forms the edge surface in question.
  • the cutting line is arranged completely within the stress area. The stress area is therefore severed by the cutting line and divided into a first section that is located on the area of the glass pane that is to be removed and is surrounded by the cutting line.
  • the width of the compressive stress zone is preferably from 5 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably from 10 mm to 20 mm.
  • the glass pane is cut through by laser cutting.
  • the glass pane is cut through by removing material (ablation).
  • the laser beam is typically moved several times along the cutting line, with a certain amount of glass material being removed with each pass. This is done until the glass pane is cut through across its entire thickness.
  • the laser radiation is focused on a surface of the glass pane.
  • This can be the main surface facing the laser or the main surface facing away from the laser. It is possible to refocus the laser during cutting (especially continuously) so that the radiation always remains focused on the surface that is currently present and to be processed.
  • the wavelength of the laser radiation is preferably in the visible spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm, particularly preferably in the range from 500 nm to 600 nm.
  • a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser emission wavelength 532 nm
  • emission wavelength 532 nm can be used.
  • the laser is preferably operated in pulsed mode.
  • the pulse length is preferably in the nanosecond range (from 1 ns to 1 ps) and is particularly preferably from 5 ns to 50 ns, most preferably from 10 ns to 20 ns.
  • the power of the laser is preferably from 10 W to 100 W, particularly preferably from 30 W to 60 W.
  • an f-theta lens is preferably used, for example with a focal length of 100 mm.
  • the speed of movement of the laser radiation along the cutting line is preferably up to 5 m/s, for example from 0.5 m/s to 5 m/s.
  • Laser cutting is particularly advantageous for smaller penetrations.
  • the laser scanning system used must be able to cover the entire cutting line in one pass in order to achieve good results.
  • the method is preferably used when the cutting line is completely within a square area with an edge length of 50 mm. In this case, laser cutting can be carried out without any problems using typical laser scanning systems.
  • the laser In a laser scanning system, the laser itself is stationary and the radiation is moved across the glass pane using a system of movable mirrors.
  • filaments are first created in the glass pane using a pulsed laser. These material modifications are known as filaments. Individual filaments are lined up along the cutting line and preferably spaced apart from one another. As far as the mechanism of filament generation is concerned, the inventors assume that self-focusing of the laser beam occurs due to the non-linear Kerr effect, thereby achieving a higher power density. This high power density creates the filament as a result of multiphoton ionization, field ionization and electron impact ionization. The electron plasma thus generated in turn leads to defocusing as a counterweight to the self-focusing.
  • each filament structure has a series of alternating focusing and defocusing points that extend along the beam direction of the laser beam, preferably perpendicular to the surfaces of the glass pane.
  • Piao, WG Oldham, EE Haller "Ultraviolet-induced densification of fused silica” (J. of App. Phys., Vol. 87, No. 7, 2000), F. Ahmed et al.: “Display glass cutting by femtosecond laser induced single shot periodic void array” (Applied Physics A, 2008, No. 93, pp. 189-192) and S. Rezaei: “Burst-train generation for femtosecond laser lamentation-driven micromachining”, Master’s thesis, University of Toronto, 2011 .
  • the material modifications produced by the laser radiation include in particular local areas of increased density, which arise from the described self-focusing of the laser radiation.
  • the laser radiation is moved (single or multiple times, preferably single) along the cutting line.
  • the laser creates a material weakening along the cutting line, which forms a predetermined breaking point for further processing.
  • the first surface and the second surface of the glass pane are not damaged, i.e. not provided with a scratch, a notch or similar.
  • the laser radiation preferably does not lead to material removal on the first and second surfaces. Instead, the laser radiation creates a series of microstructural material modifications inside the glass pane along the cutting line, so-called "filaments". Each of these filaments is created by a series of laser pulses.
  • Such a series of laser pulses are emitted onto the glass layer at suitable, usually periodic intervals while the laser beam is moving along the cutting line.
  • Such a series of laser pulses is often also referred to as a pulse train or pulse burst.
  • Each pulse train creates a filament in the glass layer.
  • a series of filaments is formed along the cutting line, with neighboring filaments being spaced apart from one another.
  • Methods for generating such spaced-apart pulse trains are known to those skilled in the art, for example using a so-called burst generator.
  • a track of such mutually spaced-apart filaments is generated along the cutting line, which creates the predetermined breaking line.
  • the glass pane is perforated by the filaments.
  • the material modification can be viewed as a local increase in density, which is accompanied by a different refractive index.
  • the focus of the laser radiation is positioned between the first surface and the second surface of the glass pane before it is moved along the cutting line. This makes it particularly easy to create internal filaments without damaging the surfaces.
  • the laser radiation is generated by a pulsed laser with a pulse length of less than 20 ps, preferably less than 10 ps, particularly preferably less than 5 ps, very particularly preferably less than 1 ps (i.e. in the femtosecond range).
  • a wavelength of laser radiation is preferably selected at which the glass layer is essentially transparent.
  • the glass layer preferably has a transmission of at least 60% at the laser wavelength used.
  • a laser in the visible, near UV range or in the IR range can be used, for example in the range from 300 nm to 2500 nm, preferably from 700 nm to 1200 nm.
  • the first laser beam has a wavelength of 800 nm to 1200 nm, preferably from 1000 nm to 1100 nm. This is advantageous with regard to the transparency of conventional glass panes and the commercial availability of suitable and cost-effective laser systems.
  • the laser beam is preferably generated by a solid-state laser with Q-switch.
  • an Nd:YAG laser can be used (emission wavelength 1064 nm).
  • the repetition rate (pulse frequency) of the laser radiation is preferably from 10 kHz to 5000 kHz, particularly preferably from 20 kHz to 2000 kHz. This produces good results. In principle, however, significantly higher pulse frequencies can also be used, for example up to 100 MHz.
  • the power of the laser is preferably from 10 W to 500 W, particularly preferably from 20 W to 200 W.
  • the choice of pulse frequency and power can influence the depth to which the filaments extend into the material.
  • the filaments should extend over at least 40%, particularly preferably at least 50%, and most particularly preferably at least 60% of the thickness of the glass pane, starting from the surface of the glass layer through which the laser radiation penetrates the glass layer.
  • the predetermined breaking point is then advantageously defined and the subsequent material separation is efficient.
  • the preferably periodically occurring series of laser pulses (pulse trains), each series producing a filament, are emitted at a repetition rate of preferably less than 1 kHz, for example in a range of 200 Hz to 800 Hz.
  • Each pulse train preferably consists of at least 5 pulses, for example in the range of 5 to 15 pulses.
  • the movement speed of the laser radiation along the cutting line is preferably from 10 mm/s to 500 mm/s, for example from 20 mm/s to 100 mm/s.
  • the distance between neighboring filaments can be determined by choosing the speed of movement of the laser radiation and the repetition rate of the pulse trains.
  • the distance is preferably less than 1 mm, particularly preferably less than 100 pm, most particularly preferably less than 20 pm, for example from 1 pm to 10 pm. This achieves an advantageous weakening of the material.
  • Distance here refers to the minimum distance between the outer boundaries of neighboring filaments.
  • the extension of the filaments perpendicular to the direction of radiation is, for example, from 1 pm to 50 pm or from 2 pm to 10 pm.
  • the laser radiation is preferably focused on the glass surface by means of an optical element or system.
  • the extent of the focus perpendicular to the radiation direction can be, for example, up to 10 pm, preferably from 1 pm to 5 pm, particularly preferably from 2 pm to 4 pm, for example about 3 pm.
  • the filamentation along the cutting line creates a predetermined breaking line.
  • the actual cutting of the glass pane along this predetermined breaking line must take place in a subsequent step.
  • the cutting (breaking) is preferably carried out by laser radiation, by cooling with a coolant, mechanically (for example by exerting pressure) or by a combination of two or more of these methods. If laser radiation is used, this is preferably laser radiation with a wavelength of 800 nm to 20 pm, preferably from 5 pm to 15 pm, in particular the radiation of a CO2 laser, typically with a wavelength of 9.4 pm or 10.6 pm.
  • the laser is preferably operated in continuous wave mode (CW).
  • the cutting can be carried out, for example, by heating the filamented glass pane along the cutting line with a CO2 laser and then cooling it, with the breakage of the glass pane along the cutting line resulting in particular from the thermal contraction of the material. Cooling (whether with or without prior heating using laser radiation) is carried out, for example, by applying a gaseous and/or liquid coolant to the glass surface along the cutting line.
  • a gaseous and/or liquid coolant are cooled gas and/or water because such cooling is easy to implement and inexpensive. Suitable gases are, for example, carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
  • the coolant is preferably applied to the glass surface using a nozzle along the cutting line. Cutting through by filamentation can be carried out for feedthroughs of any size.
  • the laser can be attached to a movable tool and moved to follow the cutting line.
  • the method is particularly preferred when the cutting line is not completely arranged within a square area with an edge length of 50 mm.
  • laser cutting as an alternative to filamentation is sometimes no longer easily feasible, since laser cutting is typically carried out with a laser scanning system - laser cutting with a movably suspended laser would be disadvantageous in terms of process speed.
  • the feedthrough can, for example, have a size in which the cutting line is completely arranged within a square area with an edge length in the range of 50 mm to 600 mm.
  • Removal can be passive, with the severed area falling out of the feedthrough after cutting through or remaining on the work table when the rest of the glass pane is lifted off of it.
  • removal can be active, by pulling or pushing the severed area out of the feedthrough. This can be done by direct action of a worker's hand or (manually or mechanically) using a tool, for example a tool with suction cups, which fix the severed area of the glass pane in place.
  • the edge area around the passage, which is formed by the cutting line, is preferably not subjected to any edge processing (especially edge grinding). In principle, however, this is conceivable.
  • the cutting line has a polygonal shape, for example the shape of a trapezoid.
  • the feedthrough also has a polygonal shape (base area). It is a particular advantage that the invention also allows the production of feedthroughs that are not accessible by mechanical drilling on curved glass panes.
  • the invention also includes a glass pane produced or producible using the method according to the invention. Such a glass pane can be distinguished by the person skilled in the art from other glass panes with feedthroughs that were produced using other methods.
  • the glass pane according to the invention is particularly characterized in that it
  • Edge stresses (edge compressive stresses) around the feedthrough in an area adjacent to the side edge surface delimiting the feedthrough This distinguishes it in particular from glass panes which were first bent and then provided with the feedthrough, but without compressive stresses being deliberately generated in the area of the later cutting line before the glass pane was severed. Such panes have no edge stresses or at least significantly lower edge stresses around the feedthrough.
  • the edge stresses around the feedthrough are typically about half the compressive stresses that were originally introduced into the stress area.
  • the edge compressive stress around the feedthrough is preferably from 5 MPa to 20 MPa, particularly preferably from 10 MPa to 25 MPa.
  • the values stated relate to the surface tension on at least one surface of the glass pane.
  • a stress profile can be present across the thickness of the glass pane.
  • the edge compressive stress can be made visible in front of a polarization wall and quantitatively determined using suitable measuring devices, for example with the Edge Master from Stress Photonics Inc.
  • the quantitative values of the edge compressive stress are determined using the method specified in ASTM standard F218-2005-01. Edge compressive stress values are measured at a distance from the edge between 0.1 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. has no optical distortions in the area around the feedthrough. This distinguishes it in particular from glass panes where the feedthrough was first created in a flat state and which were then bent.
  • the glass pane according to the invention can be distinguished from glass panes which were also produced using the method steps (a) to (c) according to the invention, but in which the glass pane was cut through by mechanical cutting and not by the laser processing according to the invention, in particular by the cutting edge.
  • Laser cutting produces a cutting edge of very high quality and homogeneity (without any scalloping or similar damage to the pane). During filamentation, the filaments are still visible on the cutting edge, resulting in an edge similar to a postage stamp.
  • the invention also includes the use of the glass pane according to the invention as a vehicle pane or as a component of a composite pane used as a vehicle pane, in particular a composite pane used as a vehicle pane.
  • the composite pane is a windshield of a vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car or truck.
  • a vehicle pane is intended as a window pane to separate the vehicle interior from the outside environment in a window opening.
  • the pane according to the invention is the inner pane of a composite pane. It is connected to an outer pane via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. In the installed position, the outer pane faces the outside environment. In the installed position, the inner pane faces the interior.
  • the composite pane is in particular the windshield of a vehicle, particularly preferably a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car or truck.
  • the outer pane is preferably a pane made of soda-lime glass.
  • the thickness of the outer pane is preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably from 1.5 mm to 3 mm, for example about 2.1 mm.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably made of at least one film based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyurethane (PU), particularly preferably based on PVB. This means that the film contains the majority of the said material (a proportion of more than 50% by weight) and can optionally contain other components, for example plasticizers, stabilizers, UV or IR absorbers.
  • the thickness of each thermoplastic film is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm.
  • films, in particular PVB films, with standard thicknesses of 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm can be used.
  • the outer pane is preferably made of clear glass (particularly clear soda-lime glass).
  • Clear glass is understood to mean glass without tinting with a light transmission of at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, based on a glass thickness of 4 mm.
  • the inner pane is preferably made of tinted or colored glass (in particular tinted or colored soda-lime glass).
  • the tint or coloring is particularly preferably selected such that the light transmission of the inner pane is at most 80% based on a glass thickness of 4 mm, particularly preferably from 60% to 80%, in particular from 70% to 80%.
  • the thickness of the inner pane is preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably from 1.0 mm to 3 mm or 1.5 mm to 3 mm, for example about 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm.
  • the outer pane has no feedthrough.
  • the area with the feedthrough through the inner pane preferably forms a so-called camera window or a so-called camera area.
  • the composite pane is therefore preferably equipped with a sensor, in particular a camera, which is attached to the inner pane and whose beam path runs through the feedthrough. This means that the sensor is directed at the feedthrough so that it can detect electromagnetic radiation (in particular light) that passes through the feedthrough.
  • the sensor can be, for example, the camera of a LiDAR system.
  • the feedthrough particularly preferably has a polygonal, for example trapezoidal shape (base area).
  • the insert can, for example, be designed as a pane made of clear glass (in particular clear soda-lime glass) or a clear plastic (for example polycarbonate or PMMA).
  • the thickness of the insert is, for example, from 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the insert can be provided with coatings, for example with an anti-reflection coating or an optical filter.
  • Such a composite pane can be produced by producing the inner pane using the method according to the invention and then connecting it to the outer pane, which is also bent in the same way, via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • Known lamination methods are used here, for example autoclave methods, vacuum bag methods, vacuum ring methods, calender methods, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
  • the panes are usually connected via the intermediate layer under the influence of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
  • the insert Before or after lamination of the composite pane, the insert is optionally inserted into the opening of the inner pane.
  • the sensor is then attached to the inner pane.
  • the said sensor in particular a camera, is preferably attached to the glass pane and directed towards the feedthrough.
  • the glass pane and the outer pane are preferably not pre-stressed. This means pre-stressing over the entire surface of the respective pane. Local pre-stressing of the glass pane in the stress area and any local introduction of stress in the edge area (adjacent to the side edge surface) of the glass pane and/or the outer pane are of course not excluded.
  • the invention is explained in more detail using a drawing and exemplary embodiments.
  • the drawing is a schematic representation and not to scale. The drawing does not limit the invention in any way. It shows:
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view and a cross-section through a glass pane at different times of a first phase of the method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view and a cross-section through a glass pane at different times of a second phase of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 Top views of the stress range of different glass panes during the process according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 Cross sections through a glass pane during cooling with different configurations of a tool
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross-section through a composite pane with a glass pane according to the invention as the inner pane.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view (left) and a cross-section along the cross-section line AA 1 (right) through a glass pane 1 at different times in a first phase of the method according to the invention.
  • the glass pane 1 is, for example, a tinted pane made of soda-lime glass with a thickness of 1.6 mm.
  • the glass pane 1 is, for example, tinted in such a way that its light transmission is approximately 72.5% with a layer thickness of 4 mm.
  • the glass pane 1 is to be provided with a feedthrough. This is the case, for example, if the glass pane 1 is to be used as a component of a composite pane that is intended as the windshield of a motor vehicle.
  • the feedthrough which represents a recess in the tinted glass pane 1, is intended to increase the light transmission locally, for example in a camera area.
  • the glass pane 1 is provided in the initial state as a flat glass pane ( Figure 1a).
  • the glass pane 1 is then bent, for example by gravity bending and/or press bending (Figure 1b).
  • a local prestress is then generated in a stress area B of the glass pane 1 by strongly cooling the stress area B of the glass pane 1, which is still heated after bending ( Figure 1c).
  • the stress area B can be exposed to an air stream, for example, or brought into contact with a cooled tool.
  • the cooling Compressive stresses p are generated in the stress range B. In the remaining glass pane 1 outside the stress range B, no corresponding compressive stresses are generated.
  • Figure 2 shows a plan view (left) and a cross-section along the cross-section line AA 1 (right) through the glass pane 1 at different times in a second phase of the method according to the invention, which immediately follows the first phase in Figure 1.
  • the glass pane 1 is severed along a cutting line S, whereby this cutting line S is arranged completely within the stress area B ( Figure 2a).
  • the cutting line is a closed line which separates a region of the glass pane 1 from the surrounding glass pane 1.
  • the glass pane 1 is severed along the cutting line using laser radiation.
  • laser cutting for example by moving the radiation of a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 532, which is operated in a pulsed manner with pulse lengths of 15 ns, several times along the cutting line S, with material being removed with each pass. This is done until the glass pane 1 is completely severed.
  • the cutting can be done by first introducing material modifications into the glass pane along the cutting line S, which in turn create a predetermined breaking line. The cutting line is then heated, for example with the radiation of a CO2 laser, and immediately afterwards cooled with cold gas, so that the glass pane breaks along this predetermined breaking line.
  • the material modifications which are also known as filaments, are based in particular on a self-focusing of the laser radiation as a result of the nonlinear Kerr effect and represent in particular local areas of increased density. They can be generated, for example, with the radiation of a Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, which is operated in a pulsed manner with pulse lengths of 300 fs, whereby the laser radiation is moved once or several times along the cutting line S.
  • the result of the method according to the invention is that compressive stresses p (edge compressive stresses) are present adjacent to the edge surface of the glass pane 1 directed towards the feedthrough, which stresses affect the mechanical stability of the glass pane 1 improve.
  • the feedthrough D represents a structural weakening of the glass pane 1
  • Such compressive stresses p could alternatively be formed by first creating the feedthrough and then bending the glass pane 1 - however, this procedure would lead to optical distortions in the vicinity of the feedthrough D, which are avoided by the method according to the invention.
  • the feedthrough can be created with the laser radiation in any shape, in particular also in a polygonal shape such as the trapezoidal shape shown, and has a high edge quality.
  • Figure 3 shows, by way of example, various embodiments of the stress region B according to the invention, in which the local compressive stresses p are generated after bending and before cutting through the glass pane 1.
  • the cutting line S is in the form of a trapezoid (more precisely, the circumferential line of a trapezoid) in all embodiments.
  • the shape of the cutting line S and the stress area B can basically be selected independently of each other.
  • the stress area B is designed in the form of a completely filled circle.
  • the stress area B is limited by a circular outer boundary line (circumference line).
  • the area surrounded by the outer boundary line is completely part of the stress area B.
  • the trapezoidal cutting line S is arranged completely within the circular stress area B.
  • the stress area B is also designed in the form of a solid surface, in this case in the form of a trapezoid. Again, the area surrounded by the outer boundary line is completely part of the stress area B. In this case, the cutting line S runs parallel to the outer boundary line of the stress area B. This has the advantage that the remaining edge stress zone around the bushing D has a constant width all the way around.
  • the outer boundary line of the stress area B is also designed in the form of the circumference of a trapezoid.
  • the trapezoid it defines is not entirely part of the stress area B.
  • the Stress area B is another non-tempered area of the glass pane 1.
  • the stress area B therefore also has an inner boundary line.
  • the outer boundary line, the inner boundary line and the cutting line S run parallel to one another.
  • the cutting line runs between the outer boundary line and the inner boundary line, so that it is arranged completely within the stress area B.
  • This design has the advantage that the stress area B is smaller than in the design in Figure 3b - in particular, a smaller section of the area to be separated is "unnecessarily" prestressed.
  • the stress area B is designed in the form of a closed line-like strip which follows the cutting line and extends on both sides of it.
  • Figure 4 shows cross sections through three designs of a tool 10 for cooling the stress area B and introducing the compressive stresses p, as in Figure 1c.
  • the tool 10 has a contact surface 11 which has the shape of the stress area B and is brought into contact with the surface of the glass pane 1 in this, whereby the stress area B is cooled and provided with the compressive stresses p.
  • the contact is made indirectly via a layer 12 of an intermediary material, for example a steel mesh, which is intended to prevent damage to the surface of the glass pane 1 by the tool 10.
  • the tool 10 has an inner cavity 13 in which a fluid flow flows, which is fed to the cavity 13 via a supply line 14.
  • the fluid flow is shown by the unfilled block arrows; the fluid is, for example, air.
  • the contact surface 11 is closed.
  • the outer wall of the tool 10 facing the glass pane 1, which carries the contact surface 11, is significantly thicker than the other outer walls in order to increase its heat capacity.
  • the said outer wall with the contact surface 11 is cooled by the fluid flow which circulates in the cavity 13 and leaves it again via outlet openings 15 on the side of the tool 10 facing away from the glass pane 1.
  • the contact surface 11 cooled in this way cools the stress area B of the glass pane 1 by heat conduction, mediated by the mediating layer 12, which should be thermally conductive for this purpose.
  • the contact surface 11 (more precisely the outer wall with the contact surface 11) is provided with outlet openings 15, via which The fluid flows out of the cavity 13 through outlet openings 15 in the direction of the glass pane 1 and hits the stress area B.
  • the intermediary layer 12 should be gas-permeable for this purpose.
  • the cooling of the stress area B occurs primarily by exposure to the air flow, and secondarily by indirect contact with the contact surface 11 (heat conduction).
  • the outer wall of the tool which carries the contact surface 11, is made of a gas-permeable, porous material 16.
  • the actual tool 11 has a large-area opening, which is closed by the porous material 16.
  • the fluid can flow out of the cavity 13 through the porous material 16 and hits the surface of the glass pane 1, thereby cooling the stress area.
  • the intermediary layer 12 should be gas-permeable for this purpose.
  • the porous material is made of sintered metal particles, for example.
  • FIG 5 shows a cross section through a composite pane with the glass pane 1, the production of which was shown in Figures 1 and 2, as the inner pane.
  • the composite pane is the windshield of a motor vehicle. In the installed position, the glass pane 1 faces the interior of the vehicle. It is connected to an outer pane 2 via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3, which is made of a PVB-based film with a thickness of 0.76 cm.
  • the outer pane 2 consists of clear soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 2.1 mm.
  • the composite pane is equipped with a camera 5 on the interior side, which is arranged in a housing 6 that is attached to the glass pane 1.
  • the camera 5 is part of a driver assistance system and is, for example, a lidar camera (light detection and ranging) that is used for optical distance and speed measurement.
  • the camera 5 is directed through the composite pane to the external environment of the vehicle, so its detection beam path runs through the composite pane.
  • the glass pane 1 Since the glass pane 1 is tinted, the light transmission through the composite pane is not high enough to ensure that the camera 5 or the lidar system functions properly. For this reason, the feedthrough D in the glass pane 1 introduced through which the detection beam path of the camera 5 runs. The tinted glass material has therefore been removed from the detection beam path of the camera 5, which increases the light transmission in the so-called camera area of the composite pane. Instead, an insert 6 has been inserted into the lead-through D, for example a pane of clear soda-lime glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm.
  • the insert can be provided with coatings, for example an anti-reflection coating on the surface facing away from the intermediate layer 3 and facing the camera 5 and/or an optical filter on the surface facing away from the camera 5 and facing the intermediate layer 3.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de production d'une plaque de verre cintrée comprenant une traversée, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes de procédé suivantes dans l'ordre donné : (a)chauffer une plaque de verre plane (1) à une température de cintrage ; (b) cintrer la plaque de verre (1) ; (c) refroidir une région de contrainte (B) de la plaque de verre (1), des contraintes de compression (p) étant formées sélectivement dans ladite région de contrainte (B) ; (d) couper la plaque de verre (1) le long d'une ligne de coupe fermée (S) au moyen d'un rayonnement laser, la ligne de coupe (S) étant située complètement à l'intérieur de la région de contrainte (B) ; et (e) retirer la région de la plaque de verre (1) entourée par la ligne de coupe (S), ce qui permet de former une traversée (D) à travers la plaque de verre (1).
PCT/EP2023/074445 2022-10-17 2023-09-06 Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque de verre cintrée pourvue d'une traversée WO2024083398A1 (fr)

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