WO2024082994A1 - 天线、天线阵列和电子设备 - Google Patents

天线、天线阵列和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024082994A1
WO2024082994A1 PCT/CN2023/123681 CN2023123681W WO2024082994A1 WO 2024082994 A1 WO2024082994 A1 WO 2024082994A1 CN 2023123681 W CN2023123681 W CN 2023123681W WO 2024082994 A1 WO2024082994 A1 WO 2024082994A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
dielectric substrate
layer
feeding
radiation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/123681
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李越
张永健
吴鹏飞
王汉阳
胡明哲
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
清华大学
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Filing date
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司, 清华大学 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024082994A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024082994A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular to an antenna, an antenna array and an electronic device.
  • Circularly polarized antennas as commonly used antennas in electronic equipment positioning systems, can avoid polarization mismatch, thereby improving the stability of the positioning system in electronic devices.
  • the design space reserved for antennas in electronic devices is becoming increasingly limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a miniaturized circularly polarized antenna.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an antenna, an antenna array and an electronic device.
  • the antenna has a low profile and circular polarization is achieved by making the electrical signals on multiple radiating patches in the antenna have a phase difference, which is conducive to obtaining a miniaturized circularly polarized antenna.
  • an antenna comprising: a radiation patch layer, an annular metal layer, a first metal layer and a feeding unit, wherein the annular metal layer is located between the radiation patch layer and the first metal layer, wherein the radiation patch layer comprises four radiation patches, and the four radiation patches are distributed in a 2 ⁇ 2 array; the annular metal layer is arranged opposite to the peripheral portion of the radiation patch layer, and the annular metal layer is coupled to the radiation patch layer; a plurality of metal columns are arranged on a side of the first metal layer facing the annular metal layer, and each of the plurality of metal columns is electrically connected to the annular metal layer; the feeding unit is electrically connected to the radiation patch layer, and when the feeding unit is fed, in the clockwise arrangement direction of the four radiation patches, there is a first phase difference between the electrical signals on two adjacent radiation patches.
  • the electrical signals on the four radiating patches in the antenna have phase differences in sequence to achieve circular polarization with side-radiating characteristics.
  • the annular metal layer can form a metal fence structure together with a plurality of metal columns, which is equivalent to a fence-shaped coupling capacitor column between the radiating patch layer and the first metal layer. This can expand the working area of the antenna radiator, thereby making the antenna have a lower profile without affecting the working mode of the radiating patch layer, which is conducive to miniaturization of the antenna. Therefore, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can have a low profile and circular polarization with side-radiating characteristics, which is conducive to the application of the antenna in the built-in positioning antenna system of small electronic devices (such as mobile phones).
  • the antenna can operate in dual bands when fed by the feeding unit, which is conducive to the antenna operating in ultra-wideband UWB bands, such as UWB's Channel 5 band (5990.4MHz ⁇ 6988.8MHz) and Channel 9 band (7499MHz ⁇ 8486.4MHz).
  • UWB's Channel 5 band 5990.4MHz ⁇ 6988.8MHz
  • Channel 9 band 7499MHz ⁇ 8486.4MHz
  • the first phase difference is 90° ⁇ 45°.
  • the antenna also includes a feeding structure, which includes four feeding probes and a rotating feeding network; the four feeding probes are arranged between the annular metal layer and the first metal layer, and the rotating feeding network is arranged on the side of the first metal layer away from the annular metal layer; the rotating feeding network includes a common input port and four branch output ports, the feeding unit is electrically connected to the common input port, the common input port is electrically connected to the four branch output ports, the four branch output ports are respectively electrically connected to the four feeding probes, and the four feeding probes are respectively electrically connected to the four radiation patches.
  • a feeding structure which includes four feeding probes and a rotating feeding network; the four feeding probes are arranged between the annular metal layer and the first metal layer, and the rotating feeding network is arranged on the side of the first metal layer away from the annular metal layer; the rotating feeding network includes a common input port and four branch output ports, the feeding unit is electrically connected to the common input port, the common input port is electrically connected to the four branch output ports, the four branch
  • the electrical signals on the four radiating patches of the antenna have phase differences in sequence to achieve circular polarization.
  • a projection of the feeding probe in a first direction is located at an inner periphery of a projection of the annular patch layer in the first direction, and the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the radiation patch layer.
  • the rotary feeding network is a microstrip one-to-four power divider, and the feeding probe is an L-shaped probe.
  • the antenna also includes a ground layer, which is located on a side of the rotating feeding network away from the first metal layer, and a feeding port is provided on the ground layer, which is electrically connected to the common input port, and the feeding port is electrically connected to the feeding unit.
  • the antenna may be grounded via a ground layer.
  • the antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate, a fourth dielectric substrate, and a fifth dielectric substrate which are sequentially stacked, the radiation patch layer is arranged on a side surface of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the second dielectric substrate; the annular metal layer is arranged on a side surface of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the third dielectric substrate; the four feeding probes are arranged on a side surface of the third dielectric substrate facing away from the fourth dielectric substrate; the first metal layer is arranged on a side surface of the fourth dielectric substrate facing away from the fifth dielectric substrate; the rotary feeding network is arranged on a side surface of the fifth dielectric substrate facing toward the fourth dielectric substrate, and the grounding layer is arranged on a side surface of the fifth dielectric substrate facing away from the fourth dielectric substrate.
  • the antenna may include a dielectric substrate with multiple layers stacked to support structures such as a radiation patch layer and a feeding network in the antenna.
  • a total thickness of the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the third dielectric substrate, the fourth dielectric substrate, and the fifth dielectric substrate is less than or equal to 0.7 mm.
  • the multi-layer dielectric substrate in the antenna is limited to have a smaller thickness range so that the antenna has a smaller cross-section, which is conducive to miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the annular metal layer includes four L-shaped metal strips, the L-shaped metal strips form a quadrilateral, and sides of the quadrilateral are arranged opposite to sides of the radiation patch layer.
  • the operating frequency band range of the antenna can be adjusted, which is beneficial to further broaden the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • a width of the gap is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.6 mm.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the gaps between multiple radiation patches within a certain range.
  • the operating frequency band of the antenna includes 5990.4 MHz to 6988.8 MHz and 7499 MHz to 8486.4 MHz.
  • the antenna's operating frequency band can cover the dual bands of Channel 5 and Channel 9 of the UWB band.
  • an antenna comprising: a radiation patch layer, an annular metal layer and a feeding structure, wherein the feeding structure is located between the radiation patch layer and the annular metal layer;
  • the radiation patch layer comprises sixteen radiation patches, and the sixteen radiation patches are distributed in a 4 ⁇ 4 array;
  • the annular metal layer is arranged opposite to the peripheral portion of the radiation patch layer, and a plurality of metal columns are arranged on the annular metal layer, and each of the plurality of metal columns is electrically connected to the radiation patch layer;
  • the feeding structure comprises a first feeding port and a second feeding port, and the first feeding port and the second feeding port are electrically connected to the radiation patch layer, and when the first feeding port is fed, the electrical signal on the radiation patch layer is a first electrical signal, and when the second feeding port is fed, the electrical signal on the radiation patch layer is a second electrical signal, wherein the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal have equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 180° ⁇ 45°.
  • the electrical signal on the radiating patch layer of the antenna has a phase difference by feeding through the first feeding port and the second feeding port, that is, differential feeding of the antenna is realized to realize circular polarization with side-firing radiation characteristics.
  • the annular metal layer can form a metal fence structure together with a plurality of metal columns, which is equivalent to a fence-shaped coupling capacitor column between the radiating patch layer and the annular metal layer. This can expand the working area of the antenna radiator, so that the antenna has a lower profile without affecting the working mode of the radiating patch layer, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna. Therefore, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can have a low profile and circular polarization with side-firing radiation characteristics, which is conducive to the application of the antenna in the built-in positioning antenna system of small electronic devices (such as mobile phones).
  • the antenna can operate in dual bands when fed at the first feeding port and the second feeding port, which is beneficial for the antenna to operate in ultra-wideband UWB bands, such as UWB's Channel 5 band (5990.4MHz ⁇ 6988.8MHz) and Channel 9 band (7499MHz ⁇ 8486.4MHz).
  • the feeding structure includes a first feed line, a second feed line and a third feed line, the first feed line and the second feed line are parallel, and the second feed line and the third feed line are perpendicular; wherein, the first end of the first feed line is electrically connected to the second feed line, and the second feed line is electrically connected to the radiation patch layer; the third feed line is electrically connected to the radiation patch layer; the second end of the first feed line includes the first feeding port, and the third feed line includes the second feeding port.
  • a cross-feeding circuit consisting of a first feed line, a second feed line and a third feed line is used to implement differential feeding of the antenna, thereby achieving circular polarization of the antenna.
  • the length of the first feed line is equal to half of the first wavelength
  • a wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.
  • a first feeder line having a length of half the antenna working wavelength is used so that the electrical signal fed through the feeding circuits corresponding to the first feeder line and the second feeder line differs from the electrical signal fed through the feeding circuit corresponding to the third feeder line by 180° ⁇ 45° to achieve differential feeding.
  • the first feed line, the second feed line, and the third feed line are sequentially arranged along a direction from the annular metal layer to the radiation patch layer.
  • the first feeder, the second feeder and the third feeder are arranged in sequence to perform an avoidance design, which is beneficial to ensure the normal operation of the first feeder, the second feeder and the third feeder.
  • the first feed line is a microstrip line
  • the second feed line and the third feed line are L-shaped probes.
  • the antenna also includes a matching patch layer, which is located between the radiating patch layer and the feeding structure, the matching patch layer is located between the radiating patch layer and the feeding structure, and the matching patch layer is coupled to the radiating patch layer, and the matching patch layer is electrically connected to the second feed line and the third feed line;
  • the matching patch layer includes four metal patches, and the four metal patches are distributed in a 2 ⁇ 2 array.
  • the impedance of the antenna can be tuned by a matching patch layer to achieve impedance matching.
  • the plurality of metal pillars are located at a periphery of the matching patch layer.
  • the antenna also includes a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate, a fourth dielectric substrate and a fifth dielectric substrate which are stacked in sequence, the radiation patch layer is arranged on a side surface of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the second dielectric substrate; the matching patch layer is arranged on a side surface of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the third dielectric substrate; the third feeder is arranged on a side surface of the third dielectric substrate facing away from the fourth dielectric substrate; the second feeder is arranged on a side surface of the fourth dielectric substrate facing away from the fifth dielectric substrate; and the first feeder is arranged on a side surface of the fifth dielectric substrate facing the fourth dielectric substrate.
  • the antenna may include a dielectric substrate with multiple layers stacked to support structures such as a radiation patch layer and an annular metal layer in the antenna.
  • a total thickness of the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the third dielectric substrate, the fourth dielectric substrate, and the fifth dielectric substrate is less than or equal to 0.7 mm.
  • the multi-layer dielectric substrate in the antenna is limited to have a smaller thickness range so that the antenna has a smaller cross-section, which is conducive to miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the antenna further includes a ground layer, the ground layer is located on a side surface of the fifth dielectric substrate facing away from the fourth dielectric substrate, and the ground layer includes a first feeding port and a second feeding port.
  • the antenna may be grounded via a ground layer.
  • the annular metal layer includes twelve metal strips, the twelve metal strips form a quadrilateral, and sides of the quadrilateral are arranged opposite to sides of the radiation patch layer.
  • the operating frequency band range of the antenna can be adjusted, which is beneficial to further broaden the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • a width of the gap is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.6 mm.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the gaps between multiple radiation patches within a certain range.
  • the operating frequency band of the antenna includes 5990.4 MHz to 6988.8 MHz and 7499 MHz to 8486.4 MHz.
  • the antenna's operating frequency band can cover the dual bands of Channel 5 and Channel 9 of the UWB band.
  • an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas as described in any one of the first aspect above, or comprising a plurality of antennas as described in any one of the second aspect above.
  • a distance between two adjacent antennas is less than or equal to one tenth of the first wavelength.
  • the antenna array includes three antennas, and the three antennas are distributed in two rows and two columns.
  • an electronic device comprising an antenna array as described in any one of the third aspects above.
  • an electronic device comprising the antenna as described in any one of the first aspect above, and/or the antenna as described in any one of the second aspect above.
  • beneficial effects of the third to fifth aspects mentioned above can refer to the beneficial effects of the first and second aspects mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided during the implementation of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a top view of a radiation patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of an annular metal layer provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of a first metal floor provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of a rotating feeding network provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of a feeding probe provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of a second metal floor provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a reflection coefficient simulation result of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the axial ratio simulation results of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an efficiency bandwidth simulation result of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 14 is another example of efficiency bandwidth simulation result of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of circular polarization gain simulation results for the antenna shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 16 is another example of circular polarization gain simulation result of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 17 is a radiation diagram of the xoy plane of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 at 6.5 GHz and 8 GHz.
  • FIG. 18 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 at 6.5 GHz and 8 GHz in the yoz plane.
  • FIG. 19 is an axial ratio radiation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 in the xoy plane at 6.3 GHz, 6.5 GHz, 6.7 GHz, 7.9 GHz, 8.0 GHz, and 8.2 GHz.
  • FIG. 20 is an axial ratio pattern of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 in the yoz plane at 6.3 GHz, 6.5 GHz, 6.7 GHz, 7.9 GHz, 8.0 GHz, and 8.2 GHz.
  • FIG. 21 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 at 6.5 GHz and 8.0 GHz.
  • FIG. 22 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 at 7.9 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.2 GHz.
  • FIG. 23 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 2 at 6.3 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.7 GHz.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a top view of a radiation patch layer provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a top view of an annular metal layer provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the antenna shown in FIG. 24 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the antenna shown in FIG. 24 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram showing the reflection coefficient simulation results of the antenna shown in FIG. 24 .
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram showing the axial ratio simulation results of the antenna shown in FIG. 24 .
  • FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an efficiency bandwidth simulation result of the antenna shown in FIG. 24 .
  • FIG. 32 is another example of efficiency bandwidth simulation result of the antenna shown in FIG. 24 .
  • FIG33 is a diagram showing an example of circular polarization gain simulation results for the antenna shown in FIG24 .
  • FIG34 is another example of circular polarization gain simulation result of the antenna shown in FIG24.
  • FIG35 is a radiation pattern of the xoy plane of the antenna shown in FIG24 at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz, as well as 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.15 GHz.
  • FIG36 is a yoz plane radiation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG24 at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz, and 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.15 GHz.
  • FIG37 is an axial ratio radiation diagram of the antenna shown in FIG24 in the xoy plane at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz, and 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.15 GHz.
  • FIG. 38 is a diagram of the YOZ plane of the antenna shown in FIG. 24 at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz, 6.75 GHz, 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz, and 8.15 GHz. Axis ratio diagram.
  • FIG39 is a radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG24 at 6.5 GHz and 8.0 GHz.
  • FIG40 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG24 at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz.
  • FIG41 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG2 at 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.15 GHz.
  • Figure 42 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 43 is a diagram showing simulation results of the S parameters of the antenna array shown in FIG. 42 .
  • Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the S parameters of the antenna array shown in FIG. 44 .
  • FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the S parameters of the antenna array shown in FIG. 44 .
  • electrical connection can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in the circuit structure are connected through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; it can also be understood as electrical conduction through air through indirect coupling.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • Coupling can be understood as electrical conduction through air through indirect coupling. Among them, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the coupling phenomenon refers to the phenomenon that there is a close fit and mutual influence between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and energy is transmitted from one side to the other through interaction.
  • Connection and “connected” can both refer to a mechanical connection relationship or a physical connection relationship.
  • A is connected to B or A is connected to B, which means that there is a fastening member (such as a screw, bolt, rivet, etc.) between A and B, or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to separate.
  • a fastening member such as a screw, bolt, rivet, etc.
  • the x direction involved in the embodiment of the present application can be understood as the width direction/length direction of the antenna
  • the y direction can be understood as the length direction/width direction of the antenna
  • the z direction can be understood as the height (thickness) direction of the antenna.
  • the lateral dimensions involved in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as the dimensions within the plane (x y plane) perpendicular to the height/thickness direction of the antenna.
  • Resonant frequency is also called resonance frequency.
  • Resonant frequency can refer to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the antenna input impedance is zero.
  • the resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs.
  • the frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency point frequency.
  • the return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB.
  • Resonant frequency band The range of the resonant frequency is the resonant frequency band.
  • the return loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.
  • Communication frequency band/working frequency band Regardless of the type of antenna, it always works within a certain frequency range (band width).
  • band width For example, an antenna that supports the Channel 5 band of ultra wide band (UWB) can have an operating frequency band of 5990.4MHz to 6988.8MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating frequency band includes the Channel 5 band of UWB.
  • the resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band may be the same or different, or their frequency ranges may partially overlap.
  • the resonant frequency band of the antenna may cover multiple operating frequency bands of the antenna.
  • a and B are parallel, which may mean that A and B are parallel or approximately parallel.
  • a and B are parallel, which means that the angle between A and B is between 0° and 10°.
  • a and B are perpendicular, which means that A and B are perpendicular or approximately perpendicular.
  • a and B are perpendicular, which means that the angle between A and B is between 80° and 100°.
  • Antenna system efficiency refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the antenna port.
  • Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the power radiated by the antenna into space (i.e. the power of the electromagnetic wave part that is effectively converted) and the active power input to the antenna.
  • the active power input to the antenna the input power of the antenna - the loss power;
  • the loss power mainly includes the return loss power and the ohmic loss power of the metal and/or the dielectric loss power.
  • the radiation efficiency is a value that measures the radiation ability of the antenna. Metal loss and dielectric loss are factors that affect the radiation efficiency.
  • efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between efficiency and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.
  • Antenna return loss It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port through the antenna circuit to the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S parameters.
  • S11 represents the reflection coefficient, which can characterize the antenna transmission efficiency.
  • the S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter is, the smaller the antenna return loss is, and the less energy is reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the antenna system efficiency is; the larger the S11 parameter is, the greater the antenna return loss is, and the lower the antenna system efficiency is.
  • the S11 value is generally -6dB as the standard.
  • the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or that the transmission efficiency of the antenna is good.
  • Polarization direction of the antenna At a given point in space, the electric field strength E (vector) is a function of time t. As time goes by, the endpoints of the vector periodically draw a trajectory in space. If the trajectory is a straight line and perpendicular to the ground, it is called vertical polarization. If it is horizontal to the ground, it is called horizontal polarization. When the trajectory is an ellipse or a circle, when observed along the propagation direction, it rotates in the right hand or clockwise direction over time, which is called right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). If it rotates in the left hand or counterclockwise direction over time, it is called left-hand circular polarization (RHCP).
  • RHCP right-hand circular polarization
  • Axial ratio (AR) of antenna Under circular polarization, the electric field vector endpoints periodically draw ellipse tracks in space. The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse is called the axial ratio.
  • the axial ratio is an important performance indicator of circularly polarized antennas. It represents the purity of circular polarization and is an important indicator for measuring the difference in signal gain of the whole device in different directions. The closer the circular polarization axial ratio of the antenna is to 1 (the electric field vector endpoints periodically draw a circle in space), the better its circular polarization performance.
  • Low-profile antenna refers to an antenna whose total height is less than the wavelength corresponding to its operating frequency band.
  • the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna can be understood as the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna, or can also be understood as the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency point of the antenna.
  • Directional pattern It refers to the distribution of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna on a spherical surface with a certain distance as the radius and with spatial angles (including azimuth and elevation).
  • antennas can be divided into end-fire antennas, side-fire antennas and omnidirectional antennas, etc.
  • End-fire antennas can refer to antennas whose main radiation direction is parallel to the main structural direction of the antenna;
  • side-fire antennas can refer to antennas whose main radiation direction is perpendicular to the main structural direction of the antenna;
  • omnidirectional antennas can refer to antennas that achieve uniform radiation at all angles in the horizontal plane.
  • Antenna gain refers to the ratio of the power density of the signal generated by the actual antenna and the ideal radiating unit (since the ideal radiating unit does not exist, a dipole antenna is used instead in actual applications) at the same point in space under the condition of equal input power. It quantitatively describes the degree to which an antenna concentrates the input power for radiation.
  • Ground can refer to at least a part of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a part of any combination of any of the above grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding components, etc.
  • Ground can be used for grounding components in electronic devices.
  • "ground” can be a grounding layer of a circuit board of an electronic device, or a grounding plate formed by a frame of an electronic device, or a grounding metal layer formed by a metal film under a screen.
  • the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12 to 14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or an element separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or insulating layer such as glass fiber, polymer, etc.
  • the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a routing layer, and the routing layer and the grounding layer are electrically connected through vias.
  • components such as a display, a touch screen, an input button, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, a battery, a charging circuit, a system on chip (SoC) structure, etc. can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to a wiring layer and/or a ground layer in the circuit board.
  • SoC system on chip
  • grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials.
  • the conductive material can be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates.
  • the grounding layer/grounding plate/grounding metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.
  • the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application is applicable to electronic devices that adopt one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (blue-tooth, BT) communication technology, global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, WiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology and other future communication technologies.
  • the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application can be a mobile phone, a tablet Computers, laptops, smart homes, smart bracelets, smart watches, smart helmets, smart glasses, etc.
  • the electronic device can also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, an electronic device in a 5G network or an electronic device in a public land mobile network (PLMN) in the future evolution, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Figure 1 exemplarily shows the electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the electronic device is illustrated as a mobile phone.
  • the electronic device 10 may include: a cover 13, a display screen/module (display) 15, a printed circuit board (PCB) 17, a middle frame (middle frame) 19 and a rear cover (rear cover) 21.
  • the cover 13 may be a glass cover, or may be replaced by a cover made of other materials, such as an ultra-thin glass material cover, a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) material cover, etc.
  • the cover plate 13 may be disposed closely to the display module 15 , and may be mainly used to protect the display module 15 and prevent dust.
  • the display module 15 may include a liquid crystal display panel (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel or an organic light-emitting semiconductor (OLED) display panel, etc., but the present application does not impose any restrictions on this.
  • LCD liquid crystal display panel
  • LED light emitting diode
  • OLED organic light-emitting semiconductor
  • the middle frame 19 mainly supports the whole machine.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the PCB 17 is arranged between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21.
  • the PCB 17 can also be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the printed circuit board PCB 17 can adopt a flame retardant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, a mixed dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, and so on.
  • FR-4 is a code for a grade of flame retardant material
  • the Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board.
  • Electronic components, such as radio frequency chips, are carried on the PCB 17.
  • a metal layer can be provided on the printed circuit board PCB 17.
  • the metal layer can be used for grounding the electronic components carried on the printed circuit board PCB 17, and can also be used for grounding other components, such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc.
  • the metal layer can be called a floor, a grounding plate, or a grounding layer.
  • the metal layer can be formed by etching metal on the surface of any layer of the dielectric board in the PCB 17.
  • the metal layer for grounding can be arranged on one side of the printed circuit board PCB17 close to the middle frame 19.
  • the edge of the printed circuit board PCB17 can be regarded as the edge of its grounding layer.
  • the metal middle frame 19 can also be used for grounding the above-mentioned components.
  • the electronic device 10 can also have other floors/grounding plates/grounding layers, as described above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the electronic device 10 may further include a battery (not shown).
  • the battery may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21, or between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the PCB 17 is divided into a main board and a sub-board, and the battery may be disposed between the main board and the sub-board, wherein the main board may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the lower edge of the battery.
  • the electronic device 10 may further include a frame 11, which may be formed of a conductive material such as metal.
  • the frame 11 may be disposed between the display module 15 and the back cover 21 and extend circumferentially around the periphery of the electronic device 10.
  • the frame 11 may have four sides surrounding the display module 15 to help fix the display module 15.
  • the frame 11 made of a metal material may be directly used as a metal frame of the electronic device 10, forming the appearance of a metal frame, which is suitable for a metal industrial design (ID).
  • ID metal industrial design
  • the outer surface of the frame 11 may also be a non-metallic material, such as a plastic frame, forming the appearance of a non-metallic frame, which is suitable for a non-metallic ID.
  • the middle frame 19 may include a border 11.
  • the middle frame 19 including the border 11 as an integral part may support the electronic devices in the whole machine.
  • the cover plate 13 and the back cover 21 are respectively covered along the upper and lower edges of the border to form a shell or housing (housing) of the electronic device.
  • the cover plate 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 and/or the middle frame 19 may be collectively referred to as a shell or housing of the electronic device 10. It should be understood that "shell or housing" may be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover plate 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 or the middle frame 19, or to refer to part or all of any combination of the cover plate 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 or the middle frame 19.
  • the frame 11 may not be considered as a part of the middle frame 19.
  • the frame 11 may be connected to the middle frame 19 and formed integrally.
  • the frame 11 may include a protrusion extending inward to be connected to the middle frame 19, for example, by means of a shrapnel, a screw, welding, etc.
  • the protrusion of the frame 11 may also be used to receive a feed signal, so that at least a portion of the frame 11 serves as a radiator of the antenna to receive/transmit radio frequency signals.
  • the back cover 21 may be a back cover made of a metal material, or a back cover made of a non-conductive material, such as a glass back cover, a plastic back cover or other non-metal back cover.
  • FIG. 1 only schematically shows some components included in the electronic device 10 , and the actual shapes, sizes and structures of these components are not limited by FIG. 1 .
  • Circularly polarized antennas as commonly used antennas in electronic equipment positioning systems, can avoid polarization mismatch, thereby greatly improving the stability of the positioning system.
  • an array composed of multiple circularly polarized antennas can be used to achieve positioning in the elevation or azimuth plane.
  • the design space reserved for antennas in electronic devices is becoming increasingly limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a miniaturized circularly polarized antenna.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, an antenna array and an electronic device.
  • the antenna has a low profile and realizes circular polarization by making the electrical signals on multiple radiating patches in the antenna have a phase difference, which is conducive to obtaining a miniaturized circularly polarized antenna.
  • Figures 2 to 5 are schematic diagrams of the structure of an antenna 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the antenna 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a top view schematic diagram of the radiation patch layer 110 shown in Figure 2
  • Figure 4 is a top view schematic diagram of the annular metal layer 120 shown in Figure 2
  • Figure 5 is a top view schematic diagram of the first metal layer 130 shown in Figure 2.
  • the antenna 100 can be applied to the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 1.
  • the antenna 100 may include a radiation patch layer 110 , an annular metal layer 120 and a first metal layer 130 , wherein the annular metal layer 120 may be located between the radiation patch layer 110 and the first metal layer 130 .
  • the radiation patch layer 110 may include four radiation patches 111.
  • the four radiation patches 111 may be distributed in a 2 ⁇ 2 array. In some embodiments, there is a gap between two adjacent radiation patches 111 in the row direction and the column direction of the array.
  • the four radiation patches 111 may include radiation patches 111a, 111b, 111c and 111d, and two first slits 112 are formed between the radiation patches 111a, 111b, 111c and 111d.
  • the widths of the two first slits 112 may be the same.
  • the two first slits 112 may include a first slit 112a and a first slit 112b, and the width W1a (dimension in the y-axis direction) of the first slit 112a is the same as the width W1b (dimension in the x-axis direction) of the first slit 112b.
  • the width of the first slit 112 may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.6 mm.
  • the width W1a of the first slit 112a and the width W1b of the first slit 112b may be 0.2 mm.
  • width of the first gap 112 is only for reference and can be adjusted according to actual production or design, and the present application does not impose any limitation on this.
  • the radiation patch 111 may be, but is not limited to, a circular metal patch or a square metal patch.
  • the radiation patches 111a , 111b , 111c and 111d may be square metal patches, and the lateral dimensions of the radiation patches 111a , 111b , 111c and 111d may be 7.75 mm ⁇ 7.75 mm, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the antenna 100 may further include a first dielectric substrate 171.
  • the first dielectric substrate 171 may be disposed between the radiation patch layer 110 and the annular metal layer 120 to support the radiation patch layer 110.
  • the radiation patch layer 110 may be disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 171 (the side of the first dielectric substrate 171 facing away from the annular metal layer 120).
  • the sides of the four antenna radiation patches 111 may be parallel to the sides of the first dielectric substrate 171.
  • the first side 111a1 of the radiation patch 111a may be parallel to the first side 1711 of the first dielectric substrate 171
  • the second side 111a2 of the radiation patch 111a may be parallel to the second side 1712 of the first dielectric substrate 171.
  • the radiation patch layer 110 may be formed on the first dielectric substrate 171 by etching.
  • the annular metal layer 120 may be disposed opposite to the peripheral portion of the radiation patch layer 110 and coupled to the radiation patch layer 110. That is, the projection of the annular metal layer 120 in the first direction overlaps with the projection of the peripheral portion of the radiation patch layer 110 in the first direction.
  • the first direction may be a direction perpendicular to the radiation patch layer 110, i.e., the x-axis direction shown in FIG. 2 .
  • peripheral portion of the radiation patch layer 110 can be understood as a portion of the radiation patch layer 110 close to the outer contour.
  • the annular metal layer 120 may include four L-shaped metal strips 121 .
  • the four L-shaped metal strips 121 may form a quadrilateral, and the sides of the quadrilateral may be arranged opposite to the sides of the radiation patch layer 110 .
  • the four L-shaped metal strips 121 may include L-shaped metal strips 121a, 121b, 121c, and 121d.
  • the L-shaped metal strips 121a, 121b, 121c, and 121d may be disposed opposite to the radiation patches 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d, respectively, as shown in FIG2. That is, the projections of the L-shaped metal strips 121a, 121b, 121c, and 121d in the first direction (i.e., the z-axis direction) may overlap with the projections of the edge portions of the radiation patches 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d in the first direction (i.e., the z-axis direction).
  • the L-shaped metal strip 121a may include a first metal strip 121a1 and a second metal strip 121a2 that are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first metal strip 121a1 may be arranged opposite to the edge portion of the first side 111a1 of the radiation patch 111a
  • the second metal strip 121a2 may be arranged opposite to the edge portion of the first side 111a1 of the radiation patch 111a. It is arranged opposite to the edge portion of the second side 111a2 of the radiation patch 111a.
  • the projection of the first section of the metal strip 121a1 in the first direction overlaps with the projection of the edge portion of the first side 111a1 in the first direction
  • the projection of the second section of the metal strip 121a2 in the first direction overlaps with the projection of the edge portion of the second side 111a2 in the first direction.
  • a plurality of second slits 123 arranged opposite to the two first slits 112 may be formed between the four L-shaped metal strips 121.
  • the plurality of second slits 123 may include second slits 123a, 123b, 123c, and 123d.
  • the second slits 123a and 123c may be arranged opposite to the first slit 112a, and the second slits 123b and 123d may be arranged opposite to the first slit 112b.
  • the widths of the second slits 123a, 123b, 123c, and 123d are all equal to the widths of the first slits 112a and 112b.
  • the width of the second gaps 123a, 123b, 123c and 123d may be 0.2 mm, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the antenna 100 may further include a second dielectric substrate 172.
  • the second dielectric substrate 172 may be disposed between the annular metal layer 120 and the first metal layer 130 to support the annular metal layer 120.
  • the annular metal layer 120 may be disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 171 (the side of the second dielectric substrate 172 facing away from the first metal layer 130).
  • a plurality of metal pillars 131 may be disposed on the first metal layer 130.
  • Each of the plurality of metal pillars 131 may be electrically connected to the annular metal layer 120. That is, the annular metal layer 120 may be electrically connected to the first metal layer 130 through the plurality of metal pillars 131.
  • the plurality of metal pillars 131 may be arranged at intervals and arranged opposite to the four L-shaped metal strips 121.
  • the four L-shaped metal strips 121 may be provided with first calibration positions 122, and the plurality of metal pillars 131 are electrically connected to the four L-shaped metal strips 121 at the first calibration positions 121.
  • metal blind holes refer to holes opened at corresponding positions of one or several consecutive layers of the stacked dielectric substrate layers, and a metal plating layer is provided on the inner wall of the hole to realize the conductive function of the metal blind hole.
  • the multiple metal pillars 131 can be specifically metal blind holes, and the multiple metal blind holes pass through the second dielectric substrate 172 to realize the electrical connection between the first metal layer 130 and the annular patch layer 120.
  • the annular metal layer 120 can form a metal fence structure together with a plurality of metal pillars 131, which is equivalent to having a fence-shaped coupling capacitor pillar between the radiation patch layer 110 and the first metal layer 130. This is conducive to expanding the working area of the radiator of the antenna 100, so that the antenna 100 can have a lower profile without affecting the working mode of the radiation patch layer 110, which is conducive to miniaturization of the antenna 100.
  • the degree of miniaturization of the antenna 100 can be adjusted by adjusting the structural dimensions of the annular metal layer 120 and the number, position and height of the plurality of metal pillars 131 .
  • the antenna 100 may further include a fourth dielectric substrate 174 , which may be located on a side of the first metal layer 130 away from the annular metal layer 120 , and is used to support the first metal layer 130 . That is, the first metal layer 130 may be disposed on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 174 .
  • the antenna 100 may further include a feeding unit 140, which may be electrically connected to the radiation patch layer 110 to feed the antenna 100.
  • a feeding unit 140 When the feeding unit 140 feeds, in the clockwise arrangement direction of the four antenna radiation patches 111, the electrical signals on two adjacent radiation patches 111 have a first phase difference to achieve circular polarization, so that the antenna 100 can generate a side-firing pattern polarized as circular polarization.
  • the electrical signals on the radiation patches 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d may have a phase difference of about 90°, for example, a phase difference of 90° ⁇ 45°, thereby achieving circular polarization.
  • the phases of the electrical signals on the antenna radiation patches 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d may be 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, respectively, and the present application does not limit this.
  • phase difference of 90° ⁇ 45° can be understood as a phase difference of 90°, and a maximum error value of 45° is allowed.
  • the electrical signals on two adjacent radiation patches 111 have a first phase difference. It can also be understood that in the counterclockwise arrangement direction of the four antenna radiation patches 111, the electrical signals on two adjacent radiation patches 111 have a second phase difference. The positive and negative directions of the first phase difference and the second phase difference can be opposite.
  • the antenna 100 may further include a feeding structure 150.
  • Fig. 6 is a top view schematic diagram of the rotating feeding network 151 shown in Fig. 2
  • Fig. 7 is a top view schematic diagram of the feeding probe 152 shown in Fig. 2.
  • the feeding structure 150 may include a rotating feeding network 151 and four feeding probes 152 .
  • the four feeding probes 152 can be located between the annular metal layer 120 and the first metal layer 130, and the rotating feeding network 150 can be arranged on the side of the first metal layer 130 away from the annular metal layer 120.
  • the rotating feeding network 151 may include a common input port 1511 and four branch output ports 1512.
  • the feeding unit 140 can be electrically connected to the common input port 2711 for feeding the antenna 100.
  • the common input port 1511 can be electrically connected to the four branch output ports 1512, respectively.
  • the four branch output ports 1512 can be electrically connected to the four feeding probes 152, respectively, and the four feeding probes 152 can be electrically connected to the four radiation patches 111, respectively, to achieve feeding of the four radiation patches 111.
  • the common input port 1511 may be electrically connected to the four branch output ports 1512 via a first feed line (eg, a microstrip line, a strip line, etc.) 1513 .
  • a first feed line eg, a microstrip line, a strip line, etc.
  • the electrical signals of the four branch output ports 1512 may have phase differences in sequence.
  • the four branch output ports 1512 may include branch output ports 1512a, 1512b, 1512c, and 1512d.
  • the electrical signal amplitudes of the branch output ports 1512a, 1512b, 1512c, and 1512d are the same, and the phase difference is 90° ⁇ 45°.
  • the rotating feeding network 151 may be a microstrip one-to-four power divider.
  • the four feeding probes 152 may include rotationally symmetrically arranged feeding probes 152a, 152b, 152c and 152d.
  • the feeding probes 152a, 152b, 152c and 152d may be coupled to the radiation patches 111a, 111b, 111c and 111d, respectively.
  • the projections of the four feeding probes 152 in the first direction may partially overlap with the projection of the radiation patch layer 110 in the first direction.
  • the projections of the four feeding probes 152 in the first direction may be located at the inner periphery of the projection of the annular metal layer 120 in the first direction, that is, the four feeding probes 152 and the annular metal layer 120 are arranged alternately.
  • the four feeding probes 152 may be disposed offset from the central axis of the radiation patch layer 110.
  • the central axis of the feeding probe 152 along the y-axis direction does not coincide with the central axis of the radiation patch layer 110 along the y-axis direction.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a third dielectric substrate 173 and a fifth dielectric substrate 175 which are stacked.
  • the third dielectric substrate 173 may be disposed between the annular metal layer 120 and the first metal layer 150 to support four feeding probes 152. That is, the four feeding probes 152 may be disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 173 (the side of the third dielectric substrate 173 facing away from the first metal layer 130).
  • the fifth dielectric substrate 175 may be disposed on the side of the first metal layer 130 facing away from the four feeding probes 152 to support the rotating feeding network 151. That is, the rotating feeding network 151 may be disposed on the upper surface of the fifth dielectric substrate 175 (the side of the fifth dielectric substrate 175 facing the first metal layer 130).
  • the antenna 100 may further include four first metal blind holes 182.
  • One end of the four first metal blind holes 182 may be electrically connected to the four branch output ports 1512, respectively, and the other end of the four first metal blind holes 182 may be electrically connected to the four feeding probes 152, respectively. That is, the four branch output ports 1512 are electrically connected to the four feeding probes 152 through the first metal blind holes 182 to feed the four feeding probes 152.
  • second calibration positions 1521 may be respectively provided on the four feeding probes 152 , and the first metal blind vias 182 are electrically connected to the feeding probes 152 at the second calibration positions 1521 .
  • the antenna 100 may further include a ground layer 160.
  • the structure of the ground layer 160 provided in the embodiment of the present application is schematically described below in conjunction with Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 8 is a top view of the ground layer 160 shown in Fig. 2.
  • the ground layer 160 may be disposed on a side of the rotating feed network 151 away from the first metal layer 130.
  • the ground layer 160 may be disposed on the lower surface of the fifth dielectric substrate 175 (the side of the fifth dielectric substrate 175 away from the first metal layer 130) and serve as a ground (GND) of the antenna 100.
  • the grounding layer 160 serves as the floor of the antenna 100.
  • the grounding layer 160 may also be connected to the floor inside the electronic device, such as a metal layer in a PCB, or a metal middle frame.
  • a feeding port 161 may be provided on the ground layer 160, and the feeding port 161 is used to feed the antenna 100, that is, the feeding unit 140 may feed an electrical signal into the feeding port 161.
  • the antenna 100 may further include a second feeder (not shown in the figure), one end of the second feeder may be electrically connected to the feeding unit 140, and the other end of the second feeder may be electrically connected to the feeding port 161, so that the feeding unit 140 feeds an electrical signal into the feeding port 161.
  • the second feeder may be a coaxial cable with an impedance of 50 ⁇ , which is not limited in the present application.
  • the feeding port 161 can also be electrically connected to the common input port 1511 to feed the common input port 1511.
  • the antenna 100 can also include a second metal blind hole 181, one end of the second metal blind hole 181 is electrically connected to the feeding port 161, and the other end of the second metal blind hole 181 is electrically connected to the common input port 1511. That is, the feeding port 161 can be electrically connected to the common input port 1511 through the second metal blind hole 181.
  • the feeding port 161 may be a ring-shaped structure, and the inner diameter of the feeding port 161 may be the same as the aperture of the second metal blind hole 181 .
  • first metal blind via 182 and the second metal blind via 181 may refer to the description of the metal column 131 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate 171 , the second dielectric substrate 172 , the third dielectric substrate 173 , the fourth dielectric substrate 174 , and the fifth dielectric substrate 175 may be 2.9.
  • the total thickness (dimension in the z-axis direction) of the first dielectric substrate 171, the second dielectric substrate 172, the third dielectric substrate 173, the fourth dielectric substrate 174 and the fifth dielectric substrate 175 can be less than or equal to 0.7 mm, so that the antenna 100 can have a lower profile.
  • the thicknesses of the first dielectric substrate 171 , the second dielectric substrate 172 , the third dielectric substrate 173 , the fourth dielectric substrate 174 and the fifth dielectric substrate 175 which are sequentially stacked may be 0.05 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.05 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively.
  • the antenna 100 may further include a sixth dielectric substrate 176.
  • the sixth dielectric substrate 176 may be located on a side of the first dielectric substrate 171 that is away from the second dielectric substrate 172.
  • the upper surface of the sixth dielectric substrate 176 (the side of the sixth dielectric substrate 176 that is away from the first dielectric substrate 171) and the lower surface of the sixth dielectric substrate 176 (the side of the sixth dielectric substrate 176 that is toward the first dielectric substrate 171) may not be provided with a metal layer.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the sixth dielectric substrate 176 may not be covered with copper.
  • the dielectric constant of the sixth dielectric substrate 176 may be 7, and the thickness (dimension in the z-axis direction) of the sixth dielectric substrate 176 may be 0.8 mm, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the dielectric substrates may be liquid crystal polymer (LCP) or Rogers material, etc., which is not limited in the present application. It should be understood that when the dielectric substrates are LCP, since the loss tangent value of LCP can be kept relatively small at high frequencies, the antenna 100 can have a smaller transmission loss, thereby increasing the radiation power and facilitating obtaining a higher antenna gain.
  • LCP liquid crystal polymer
  • Rogers material etc.
  • FIG9 are schematic diagrams of the structural dimensions of the radiation patch layer 110, the annular metal layer 120, the four feeding probes 152, the first metal layer 130, the rotating feeding network 151 and the ground layer 160. It should be understood that the dimensions of the various structures shown in FIG9 are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the antenna 100 shown in FIG2 .
  • the four feeding probes 152 may be L-shaped feeding probes.
  • the feeding probe 152a may include a first feeding branch 152a1 and a second feeding branch 152a2.
  • the first feeding branch 152a1 may include a first connection point O 1
  • one end of the second feeding branch 152a2 is connected to the first feeding branch 152a1 at the first connection point O 1
  • the other end of the second feeding branch 152a2 may be connected to the branch output port 1512a
  • the first feeding branch 152a1 may be coupled and connected to the antenna radiation patch 241a (as shown in FIG. 2 ). That is, the feeding probe 152a is L-shaped.
  • the height H2 (the dimension in the z-axis direction) of the feeding probe 152a can be adjusted to adjust the matching of the antenna 100.
  • the height H2 of the feeding probe 152a that is, the dimension of the second feeding branch 152a2 in the z-axis direction, can be greater than or equal to 0.18 mm and less than or equal to 0.22 mm.
  • the width W4 of the feeding probe 152a that is, the dimension of the first feeding branch 271a1 in the x-axis direction, can be greater than or equal to 8.3 mm and less than or equal to 9.3 mm, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the miniaturization degree of the antenna 100 can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the annular metal layer 120, such as the width W3 of the L-shaped metal strip 121 as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the frequency ratio of the antenna 100 can also be changed.
  • the width of the L-shaped metal strip 121 may be greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the miniaturization degree of the antenna 100 can be adjusted by adjusting the height (or depth, i.e., the size in the z-axis direction) of the plurality of metal pillars 131.
  • the distance H1 between the plurality of metal pillars 131 and the radiation patch layer 110 may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.2mm, this application does not impose any limitation on this.
  • the electrical signals on the four radiating patches 111 in the antenna 100 are sequentially phase-differenced to achieve circular polarization with side-radiating characteristics.
  • the antenna when the feeding unit 140 feeds power, the antenna can operate in a dual-band, which is conducive to the antenna operating in an ultra-wideband UWB band, such as the Channel 5 band (5990.4MHz ⁇ 6988.8MHz) and the Channel 9 band (7499MHz ⁇ 8486.4MHz) of UWB.
  • the width of the gap between the radiating patches 111 the operating frequency band range of the antenna 100 can be adjusted, which is conducive to further broadening the bandwidth of the antenna 100.
  • Figures 11 to 16 are schematic diagrams of simulation results of the antenna shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 11 is a simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of the antenna shown in Figure 2
  • Figure 12 is a simulation result diagram of the axial ratio of the antenna shown in Figure 2
  • Figures 13 and 14 are simulation result diagrams of the efficiency bandwidth of the antenna shown in Figure 2
  • Figures 15 and 16 are simulation result diagrams of the circular polarization gain of the antenna shown in Figure 2.
  • the antenna has two working frequency bands, of which the two working frequency bands can cover the dual frequency bands of Channel 5 and Channel 9 in the UWB frequency band, with the center frequencies of 6.5GHz and 8GHz, which can meet the communication requirements.
  • the antenna achieves a wide impedance bandwidth, with the reflection coefficient less than -6dB as the limit, and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 6.46GHz ⁇ 6.59GHz and 7.91GHz ⁇ 8.00GHz.
  • the axial ratio of the antenna in the two frequency bands near 6.5 GHz and 8.0 GHz is basically less than 3dB.
  • the antenna has good circularly polarized radiation characteristics in the two frequency bands of Channel 5 and Channel 9 in the UWB band, which can meet communication needs.
  • the antenna has a relatively wide efficiency bandwidth. Taking the efficiency bandwidth less than -6 dB as the limit, the efficiency bandwidth of the antenna is 6.28 GHz to 6.80 GHz and 7.86 GHz to 8.20 GHz.
  • the antenna has a gain greater than 1 dBic in the 6.31 GHz to 6.80 GHz frequency band and a gain greater than 0 dBic in the 7.84 GHz to 8.20 GHz frequency band, and has a relatively stable gain that can meet communication requirements.
  • Fig. 17 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 2 at 6.5 GHz and 8 GHz in the xoy plane.
  • Fig. 18 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 2 at 6.5 GHz and 8 GHz in the yoz plane.
  • the beam coverage angle of the antenna in the xoy plane is ⁇ 40°, and the beam coverage angle in the xoz plane is ⁇ 39°; at 8.0GHz, the beam coverage angle of the antenna in the xoy plane is ⁇ 37°, and the beam coverage angle in the xoz plane is ⁇ 38°.
  • the cross-polarization of the antenna is less than -15dB, which has a low cross-polarization and can meet communication requirements.
  • Figure 19 is an axial ratio pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 2 in the xoy plane at 6.3 GHz, 6.5 GHz, 6.7 GHz, 7.9 GHz, 8.0 GHz, and 8.2 GHz.
  • Figure 20 is an axial ratio pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 2 in the yoz plane at 6.3 GHz, 6.5 GHz, 6.7 GHz, 7.9 GHz, 8.0 GHz, and 8.2 GHz.
  • the antenna achieves a wider axial ratio angle at 6.3 GHz, 6.5 GHz, 6.7 GHz, 7.9 GHz, 8.0 GHz, and 8.2 GHz.
  • the axial ratio angles of the xoy plane and xoz plane of the antenna corresponding to the above-mentioned frequency points are shown in Table 1.
  • Figure 21 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 2 at 6.5 GHz and 8.0 GHz. As shown in Figure 21, at 6.5 GHz and 8.0 GHz, the antenna achieves a circular polarization gain greater than 1 dBic, and the maximum gain occurs at an angle of 0°.
  • the antenna has the characteristic of side-radiation and can meet communication requirements.
  • Figure 22 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 2 at 7.9 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.2 GHz. As shown in Figure 22, at 6.3 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.7 GHz, the beam coverage angle of the directional diagram of the antenna can be ⁇ 39°, which has a wide beam coverage angle and can meet communication requirements.
  • Figure 23 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 2 at 6.3 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.7 GHz. As shown in Figure 23, at 7.9 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.2 GHz, the beam coverage angle of the directional diagram of the antenna can be ⁇ 39°, which has a wide beam coverage angle and can meet communication requirements.
  • Figures 24 to 26 are schematic diagrams of the structure of another antenna 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 24 is an exploded view of the antenna 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 25 is a top view of the radiation patch layer 210 shown in Figure 24
  • Figure 26 is a top view of the annular metal layer 220 shown in Figure 24.
  • the antenna 200 can be applied to the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 1.
  • the antenna 200 may include a radiation patch layer 210, an annular metal layer 220, and a feed structure 230. 230 may be located between the radiation patch layer 210 and the annular metal layer 220 .
  • the radiation patch layer 210 may include sixteen radiation patches 211.
  • the sixteen radiation patches 211 may be distributed in a 4 ⁇ 4 array.
  • six first gaps 212 may be formed between the sixteen antenna radiation patches 211.
  • the widths (dimensions in the x-axis direction or the y-axis direction) of any two of the six first gaps 212 may be the same or different, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the width of the first slit 212 may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.6 mm.
  • the six first slits 212 may include first slits 212a, 212b, 212c, 212d, 212e, and 212f, and the widths of the first slits 212a and 212c (dimensions in the x-axis direction) may be 0.4 mm, the width of the first slit 212b (dimensions in the x-axis direction) may be 0.2 mm, the widths of the first slits 212d and 212f (dimensions in the y-axis direction) may be 0.4 mm, and the width of the first slit 212e (dimensions in the y-axis direction) may be 0.2 mm.
  • width of the first gap 212 is only for reference and can be adjusted according to actual production or design, and the present application does not impose any limitation on this.
  • the radiation patch 211 may be, but is not limited to, a circular metal patch or a square metal patch.
  • the radiation patch 211 may be a square metal patch, and the lateral size of the radiation patch 211 may be 3.85 mm ⁇ 3.85 mm, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the lateral size of the radiation patch layer 210 may be 16.4 mm ⁇ 16.4 mm, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the lateral dimensions of the above-mentioned radiation patch 211 and the lateral dimensions of the radiation patch layer 210 are only for reference and can be adjusted according to actual production and design, and the present application does not impose any limitation on this.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a first dielectric substrate 251, which may be disposed between the radiation patch layer 210 and the annular metal layer 220 to support the radiation patch layer 210.
  • the radiation patch layer 210 may be disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 251 (the side of the first dielectric substrate 251 facing away from the annular metal layer 220).
  • the sides of the sixteen radiating patches 211 may be parallel to the sides of the first dielectric substrate 251.
  • the first side 211a1 of the radiating patch 211 may be parallel to the first side 2511 of the first dielectric substrate 251
  • the second side 211a2 of the radiating patch 211 may be parallel to the second side 2512 of the first dielectric substrate 251.
  • the radiation patch layer 210 may be formed on the first dielectric substrate 251 by etching.
  • the annular metal layer 220 may be disposed opposite to the peripheral portion of the radiation patch layer 210. That is, the projection of the annular metal layer 220 in the first direction overlaps with the projection of the peripheral portion of the radiation patch layer 210 in the first direction.
  • the first direction may be a direction perpendicular to the radiation patch layer 210, i.e., the x-axis direction shown in FIG. 24 .
  • the annular metal layer 220 may include 12 metal strips 221 .
  • the 12 metal strips 221 may form a quadrilateral, and the sides of the quadrilateral may be arranged opposite to the sides of the radiation patch layer 210 .
  • the 12-segment metal strip 221 may include metal strips 221a and 221b.
  • the metal strips 221a and 221b may be arranged opposite to the radiation patches 211a and 211b, as shown in Fig. 24. That is, the projections of the metal strips 221a and 221b in the first direction (i.e., the z-axis direction) may overlap with the projections of the edge portions of the radiation patches 211a and 211b in the first direction (i.e., the z-axis direction).
  • a plurality of second slits 223 arranged opposite to the six first slits 212 may be formed between the 12 metal strips 221.
  • the second slits 223 may include second slits 223a, 223b, 223c, and 223d.
  • the second slits 223a and 223b may be arranged opposite to the first slit 212a, and the second slits 223c and 223d may be arranged opposite to the first slit 212d.
  • a plurality of metal pillars 222 may be disposed on the annular metal layer 220 .
  • Each of the plurality of metal pillars 222 may be electrically connected to the radiation patch layer 210 . That is, the annular metal layer 220 may be electrically connected to the radiation patch layer 210 through the plurality of metal pillars 222 .
  • the annular metal layer 220 and the plurality of metal pillars 222 together form a metal fence structure, which is equivalent to a fence-shaped coupling capacitor pillar. This is conducive to expanding the working area of the radiator of the antenna 200, so that the antenna 200 can have a lower profile without affecting the working mode of the radiation patch layer 210, which is conducive to miniaturization of the antenna 200.
  • the degree of miniaturization of the antenna 200 can be adjusted by adjusting the structural dimensions of the annular metal layer 220 and the number, position and height of the plurality of metal pillars 222 .
  • the antenna 200 may further include a fifth dielectric substrate 255.
  • the fifth dielectric substrate 255 may be disposed on a side of the annular metal layer 220 away from the radiation patch layer 210 to support the annular metal layer 220.
  • the fifth dielectric substrate 255 is placed on the upper surface of the fifth dielectric substrate 255 .
  • the feeding structure 230 may include a first feeding port 231 and a second feeding port 232 .
  • the first feeding port 231 and the second feeding port 232 may be electrically connected to the radiation patch layer 210 for feeding the antenna 200 .
  • the electrical signal on the radiation patch layer 210 is a first electrical signal
  • the electrical signal on the radiation patch layer 210 is a second electrical signal, wherein the amplitudes of the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal are equal, and the phase difference is 180° ⁇ 45°. That is, differential feeding is performed at the first feeding port 231 and the second feeding port 232 to achieve circular polarization, so that the antenna 200 can generate a side-firing pattern with circular polarization.
  • the first feeding port 231 and the second feeding port 232 may be disposed on the fifth dielectric substrate 255 .
  • the feeding structure 230 may include a first feed line 233, a second feed line 234, and a third feed line 235.
  • the first feed line 233 and the second feed line 234 may be parallel to each other, and the second feed line 234 and the third feed line 235 may be perpendicular to each other.
  • the first feed line 233, the second feed line 234, and the third feed line 235 may be, for example, but not limited to, a probe, a strip line, or a microstrip line.
  • the present application is described by taking the first feed line 233 as a microstrip line, and the second feed line 234 and the third feed line 235 as a probe as an example.
  • the first end of the first feed line 233 may be electrically connected to the second feed line 234, and the second feed line 234 may be electrically connected to the radiation patch layer 210 to feed the radiation patch layer 210.
  • the third feed line 235 may be electrically connected to the radiation patch layer 210 to electrically connect the radiation patch layer 210.
  • the second end of the first feed line 233 may include a first feeding port 231, and the third feed line 235 may include a second feeding port 232 to feed the first feed line 233 and the third feed line 235.
  • the feeding branch of the second feeder 234 adds the first feeder 233 as a transmission line, so that when the first feeding port 231 and the second feeding port 232 are fed at the same time, the amplitudes of the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal on the radiation patch layer 210 are equal, and the phase difference is 180° ⁇ 45°, that is, differential feeding is performed, so that the antenna 200 can generate a side-fire radiation pattern with circular polarization.
  • the length of the first feed line 233 may be equal to half of the first wavelength.
  • the first wavelength may be a wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna 200.
  • the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna 200 may be understood as a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna 200, or may also be understood as a wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency point of the antenna 200.
  • the first feed line 233, the second feed line 234 and the third feed line 235 can be arranged in sequence from the annular metal layer 220 to the radiation patch layer 210 to ensure that the first feed line 233, the second feed line 234 and the third feed line 235 work normally.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a third dielectric substrate 253 and a fourth dielectric substrate 254 which are stacked, and the third dielectric substrate 253 and the fourth dielectric substrate 254 may be disposed between the radiation patch layer 210 and the first feed line 233, and are respectively used to support the second feed line 234 and the third feed line 235. That is, the second feed line 234 may be disposed on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 254 (the side of the fourth dielectric substrate 254 facing away from the first feed line 233), and the third feed line 235 may be disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 253 (the side of the third dielectric substrate 253 facing away from the first feed line 233).
  • the antenna 200 may further include a first metal blind hole 262 and a metal buried hole 263, one end of the first metal blind hole 262 may be electrically connected to the first feeding port 231, and the other end of the first metal blind hole 262 may be electrically connected to the first end of the first feed line 233, that is, the first feeding port 231 is electrically connected to the first feed line 233 through the first metal blind hole 262.
  • One end of the metal buried hole 263 may be electrically connected to the second end of the first feed line 233, and the other end of the metal buried hole 263 may be electrically connected to the second feed line 234, that is, the first feed line 233 is electrically connected to the second feed line 234 through the metal buried hole 263.
  • the second feed line 234 is a probe
  • the position where the second feed line 234 is electrically connected to the metal buried hole 263 may be close to the end of the second feed line 234.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a second metal blind hole 261, one end of the second metal blind hole 261 may be electrically connected to the second feeding port 232, and the other end of the second metal blind hole 261 may be electrically connected to the third feed line 235, that is, the second feeding port 232 is electrically connected to the third feed line 235 through the second metal blind hole 261.
  • the third feed line 235 is a probe
  • the position where the third feed line 235 is electrically connected to the second metal blind hole 261 may be close to the end of the third feed line 235.
  • the description of the above-mentioned metal blind vias can refer to the related description of the metal blind vias in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , and will not be described again here to avoid repetition.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a ground layer (not shown in the figure), which may be located on a side of the annular metal layer 220 away from the radiation patch layer 210, and the ground layer may serve as a floor of the antenna 200.
  • the ground layer may be disposed on the lower surface of the fifth dielectric substrate 255.
  • the ground layer may include a first feeding port 231 and a second feeding port 232 , that is, the first feeding port 231 and the second feeding port 232 may pass through the ground layer.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a first feeding unit and a second feeding unit, and the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit may be electrically connected to the first feeding port 231 and the second feeding port 232 , respectively, to feed the antenna 200 .
  • the antenna 200 may further include a matching patch layer 240 disposed between the radiation patch layer 210 and the feed structure 230.
  • the matching patch layer 240 may be located between the radiation patch layer 210 and the third feed line 235, coupled to the radiation patch layer 210, and electrically connected to the second feed line 234 and the third feed line 235.
  • the matching patch layer 240 may include four metal patches 241 distributed in a 2 ⁇ 2 array.
  • the matching metal layer 240 may be used to tune the impedance of the antenna 200 to achieve impedance matching.
  • the plurality of metal pillars 222 may be located at the periphery of the matching patch layer 240 , ie, the projection of the matching patch layer 240 in the first direction (ie, the z-axis direction) does not overlap with the projection of the plurality of metal pillars 222 in the first direction.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a second dielectric substrate 252, which may be located between the matching patch layer 240 and the third feed line 235, and is used to support the matching patch layer 240. That is, the matching patch layer 240 may be disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 252 (the side of the second dielectric substrate 252 facing away from the annular metal layer 220).
  • the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 251 , the second dielectric substrate 252 , the third dielectric substrate 253 , the fourth dielectric substrate 254 , and the fifth dielectric substrate 255 is 2.9.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a sixth dielectric substrate 256.
  • the sixth dielectric substrate 256 may be located on a side of the first dielectric substrate 251 that is away from the second dielectric substrate 252.
  • the upper surface of the sixth dielectric substrate 256 (the side of the sixth dielectric substrate 256 that is away from the first dielectric substrate 251) may not be provided with a metal layer.
  • the upper surface of the sixth dielectric substrate 256 may not be covered with copper.
  • the dielectric constant of the sixth dielectric substrate 256 may be 7.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional dimensions of the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 24 .
  • the thicknesses of the first dielectric substrate 251 , the second dielectric substrate 252 , the third dielectric substrate 253 , the fourth dielectric substrate 254 , the fifth dielectric substrate 255 , and the sixth dielectric substrate 256 may be 0.15 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.1 mm, and 0.8 mm, respectively.
  • Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of various structures of the antenna 200. It should be understood that the dimensions of various structures shown in Fig. 28 are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the present application.
  • the first feeding port 231 and the second feeding port 232 are fed, so that the electrical signal on the radiation patch layer 210 of the antenna 200 has a phase difference, that is, differential feeding of the antenna 200 is realized to realize circular polarization with side-radiation characteristics.
  • the antenna 200 can be operated in a dual-band, which is conducive to realizing the antenna in the ultra-wideband UWB band, such as the Channel 5 band (5990.4MHz ⁇ 6988.8MHz) and the Channel 9 band (7499MHz ⁇ 8486.4MHz) of UWB.
  • the width of the gap between the radiation patches 211 the operating frequency band range of the antenna 200 can be adjusted, which is conducive to further widening the bandwidth of the antenna 200.
  • Figures 29 to 34 are schematic diagrams of simulation results of the antenna shown in Figure 24.
  • Figure 29 is a simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of the antenna shown in Figure 24
  • Figure 30 is a simulation result diagram of the axial ratio of the antenna shown in Figure 24
  • Figures 31 and 32 are simulation result diagrams of the efficiency bandwidth of the antenna shown in Figure 24
  • Figures 33 and 34 are simulation result diagrams of the circular polarization gain of the antenna shown in Figure 24.
  • the antenna has two working frequency bands, of which the two working frequency bands can cover the dual frequency bands of Channel 5 and Channel 9 in the UWB frequency band, with the center frequencies of 6.5GHz and 8GHz, which can meet the communication requirements.
  • the antenna achieves a wide impedance bandwidth, with the reflection coefficient less than -6dB as the limit, and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 6.43GHz ⁇ 6.55GHz and 8.09GHz ⁇ 8.19GHz.
  • the axial ratio of the antenna in the two frequency bands near 6.5 GHz and 8.0 GHz is basically less than 3dB.
  • the antenna has good circularly polarized radiation characteristics in the two frequency bands of Channel 5 and Channel 9 in the UWB band, which can meet communication needs.
  • the antenna has a relatively wide efficiency bandwidth. With the efficiency bandwidth being less than -6 dB as the limit, the efficiency bandwidth of the antenna is 6.26 GHz to 6.85 GHz and 7.95 GHz to 8.23 GHz.
  • the antenna has a gain greater than 0.5dBic in the Channel 5 band (6.25GHz to 6.75GHz), and a gain greater than 0dBic in the approximately 300MHz band of the Channel 9 band (7.75GHz to 8.25GHz). It has a relatively stable gain and can meet communication requirements.
  • FIG35 is a directional diagram of the xoy plane of the antenna shown in FIG24 at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz, as well as 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.15 GHz.
  • FIG36 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG24 at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz, as well as 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.15 GHz.
  • the cross-polarization of the antenna is less than -15dB, and at 7.75GHz ⁇ 8.25GHz, the cross-polarization of the antenna is less than -10dB. It has a lower cross-polarization and can meet communication requirements.
  • Figure 37 is an axial ratio pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 24 in the xoy plane at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz, 6.75 GHz, 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz, and 8.15 GHz.
  • Figure 38 is an axial ratio pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 24 in the yoz plane at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz, 6.75 GHz, 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz, and 8.15 GHz.
  • the antenna achieves a wider axial ratio angle at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz, 6.75 GHz, 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz, and 8.15 GHz.
  • the axial ratio angles of the xoy plane and xoz plane of the antenna corresponding to the above-mentioned frequency points are shown in Table 2.
  • Figure 39 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 24 at 6.5 GHz and 8.0 GHz. As shown in Figure 39, at 6.5 GHz and 8.0 GHz, the antenna achieves a circular polarization gain greater than 1 dBic, and the maximum gain occurs at an angle of 0°.
  • the antenna has the characteristic of side-fire radiation and can meet communication requirements.
  • Figure 40 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 24 at 6.35 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz.
  • the beam coverage angle of the directional diagram of the antenna can be ⁇ 40°, which has a wide beam coverage angle and can meet communication requirements.
  • Figure 41 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 2 at 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.15 GHz. As shown in Figure 41, at 7.75 GHz, 8.0 GHz and 8.15 GHz, the beam coverage angle of the directional diagram of the antenna can be ⁇ 39°, which has a wide beam coverage angle and can meet communication requirements.
  • Fig. 42 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna array 300 can be applied to the electronic device 10 shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the antenna array 300 may include a plurality of antennas, which may be the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the present application does not limit the number of antennas in the antenna array 300.
  • the description of the antenna 100 can refer to the above related description, which will not be repeated here.
  • the antenna array 300 may include three antennas 100 , and the three antennas 100 may be distributed in two rows and two columns.
  • the distance L1 between two adjacent antennas 100 in the antenna array 300 may be less than or equal to one tenth of the first wavelength.
  • the lateral size of the antenna array 300 may be 35 mm ⁇ 35 mm.
  • FIG. 43 is a diagram showing simulation results of S parameters when the antenna array 300 shown in FIG. 42 includes three antennas 100 .
  • the unit isolation between each antenna 100 in the antenna array 300 is greater than 16 dB, and in the Channel 9 frequency band, the unit isolation between each antenna 100 in the antenna array 300 is greater than 19 dB, which has good isolation and meets communication requirements.
  • Table 3 below further illustrates relevant parameters when the antenna array 300 includes three antennas 100 .
  • the dielectric thickness in Table 3 can be understood as the total thickness of the first dielectric substrate 171 , the second dielectric substrate 172 , the third dielectric substrate 173 , the fourth dielectric substrate 174 and the fifth dielectric substrate 175 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the relevant parameters of the antenna array 300 shown in Table 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the gap width between the radiation patches 111 in the antenna 100.
  • Table 4 below schematically shows the relevant parameters of the antenna array 300 corresponding to different gap widths.
  • the antenna array 300 provided in the present application has a low profile, dual broadband, miniaturization, and a wider axial ratio bandwidth, and is suitable for use in a built-in positioning antenna system of a small electronic device represented by a mobile phone.
  • Fig. 44 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna array 400 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna array 400 can be applied to the electronic device 10 shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the antenna array 400 may include a plurality of antennas.
  • the antenna in the antenna array 400 may be the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 24 .
  • the present application does not limit the number of antennas in the antenna array 400.
  • the description of the antenna 200 can refer to the above related description, which will not be repeated here.
  • the antenna array 400 may include three antennas 200 , and the three antennas 200 may be distributed in two rows and two columns.
  • the description of the antenna array 400 can refer to the relevant description of the antenna array 300 above, and will not be repeated here.
  • 45 and 46 are diagrams showing simulation results of S parameters when the antenna array 400 shown in FIG. 44 includes three antennas 200 .
  • the unit isolation between each antenna 200 in the antenna array 400 is greater than 16.5dB, and in the Channel 9 frequency band, the unit isolation between each antenna 200 in the antenna array 400 is greater than 16dB, which has good isolation and meets communication requirements.
  • the antenna array 400 can also achieve the relevant parameters shown in Table 3 above.
  • the relevant parameters of the antenna array 300 shown in Table 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the gap width between the radiation patches 211 in the antenna 200.
  • Table 5 below schematically shows the relevant parameters of the antenna array 400 corresponding to different gap widths.
  • the antenna array 400 provided in the present application has a low profile, dual broadband, miniaturization and a wider axial ratio bandwidth, and is suitable for the built-in positioning antenna system of small electronic devices represented by mobile phones, and can achieve horizontal and vertical positioning functions through the collaborative work between antennas.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of the device or unit can be electrical or other forms.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种天线、天线阵列和电子设备，天线包括辐射贴片层、环形金属层、第一金属层和馈电单元。辐射贴片层包括呈2×2的阵列分布的四个辐射贴片。当馈电单元馈电时，在四个辐射贴片顺时针排列方向上，相邻的两个辐射贴片上的电信号之间具有第一相位差，以实现侧射辐射特性的圆极化。环形金属层与辐射贴片层的周缘部分相对设置，并与辐射贴片层耦合连接。第一金属层上设置有多个金属柱，通过多个金属柱与环形金属层电连接，以形成栅栏状耦合电容柱，从而能够使天线具有低剖面，有利于实现天线小型化。本申请实施例提供的天线能够具有低剖面和圆极化特性，有利于在电子设备中的应用。

Description

天线、天线阵列和电子设备
本申请要求于2022年10月21日提交中国国家知识产权局、中国申请号为202211290494.2、发明名称为“天线、天线阵列和电子设备”的发明专利申请的优先权，将其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及无线通信领域，尤其涉及一种天线、天线阵列和电子设备。
背景技术
随着移动业务的拓展，电子设备的定位功能已经在工业互联网、智能家居等一系列应用中成为必不可少的功能之一。圆极化天线作为电子设备定位系统中常用的天线，可以避免极化失配的情况，从而能够提升电子设备中定位系统的稳定性。然而在兼容大占屏比、轻薄化的设计需求下，电子设备中预留给天线的设计空间越来越有限。因此，亟需提供一种小型化的圆极化天线。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种天线、天线阵列和电子设备，该天线具有低剖面，同时通过使天线中的多个辐射贴片上的电信号具有相位差，以实现圆极化，有利于获得小型化的圆极化天线。
第一方面，提供了一种天线，包括：辐射贴片层、环形金属层、第一金属层和馈电单元，该环形金属层位于该辐射贴片层和该第一金属层之间，其中，该辐射贴片层包括四个辐射贴片，该四个辐射贴片呈2×2的阵列分布；该环形金属层与该辐射贴片层的周缘部分相对设置，该环形金属层与该辐射贴片层耦合连接；该第一金属层的朝向该环形金属层的一侧设置有多个金属柱，该多个金属柱中的每个与该环形金属层电连接；该馈电单元与该辐射贴片层电连接，该馈电单元馈电时，在该四个辐射贴片的顺时针排列方向上，相邻的两个该辐射贴片上的电信号之间具有第一相位差。
在本申请中，通过使天线中的四个辐射贴片上的电信号依次具有相位差，以实现呈侧射辐射特性的圆极化。并且，环形金属层可以与多个金属柱共同构成金属栅栏结构，即等效于辐射贴片层和第一金属层之间具有栅栏状的耦合电容柱。这可以扩大天线辐射体的工作面积，从而在不影响辐射贴片层工作模式的前提下，使天线具有较低的剖面，有利于实现天线的小型化。因此，本申请实施例提供的天线能够具有低剖面和侧射辐射特性的圆极化，有利于天线应用于小型电子设备(例如手机)内置定位天线系统。
此外，以呈网格状阵列分布的四个辐射贴片作为天线结构的辐射体，在馈电单元馈电时，可以使天线工作在双频段，有利于实现天线在超带宽UWB频段，例如UWB的Channel 5频段(5990.4MHz～6988.8MHz)和Channel 9频段(7499MHz～8486.4MHz)工作。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一相位差为90°±45°。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该天线还包括馈电结构，该馈电结构包括四个馈电探针和旋转馈电网络；该四个馈电探针设于该环形金属层和该第一金属层之间，该旋转馈电网络设于该第一金属层的背离该环形金属层的一侧；该旋转馈电网络包括公共输入端口和四个分支输出端口，该馈电单元与该公共输入端口电连接，该公共输入端口与该四个分支输出端口电连接，该四个分支输出端口分别与该四个馈电探针电连接，该四个馈电探针分别与该四个辐射贴片电连接。
在本申请中，通过具有一个输入端口和四个输出端口的旋转馈电网络以及馈电探针构成的馈电结构，使天线的四个辐射贴片上的电信号依次具有相位差，以实现圆极化。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该馈电探针在第一方向的投影位于该环形贴片层在该第一方向的投影的内周，该第一方向为垂直于该辐射贴片层的方向。
在一种可能的实现方式中，旋转馈电网络为微带一分四功分器，馈电探针为L型探针。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该天线还包括接地层，该接地层位于该旋转馈电网络的背离该第一金属层的一侧，该接地层上设置有馈电端口，该馈电端口与该公共输入端口电连接，该馈电端口与该馈电单元电连接。
在本申请中，天线可以通过接地层接地。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该天线还包括沿从依次层叠设置的第一介质基板、第二介质基板、第三介质基板、第四介质基板和第五介质基板，该辐射贴片层设置于该第一介质基板的背离该第二介质基板的一侧表面；该环形金属层设置于该第二介质基板的背离该第三介质基板的一侧表面；该四个馈电探针设置于该第三介质基板的背离该第四介质基板的一侧表面；该第一金属层设置于该第四介质基板的背离该第五介质基板的一侧表面；该旋转馈电网络设置于该第五介质基板的朝向该第四介质基板的一侧表面，该接地层设置于该第五介质基板的背离该第四介质基板的一侧表面。
在本申请中，天线可以包括多层层叠设置的介质基板，以支撑天线中的辐射贴片层、馈电网络等结构。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一介质基板、该第二介质基板、该第三介质基板、该第四介质基板和该第五介质基板的总厚度小于或等于0.7mm。
在本申请中，通过限定天线中的多层介质基板具有较小的厚度范围，以使天线具有较小的剖面，有利于实现天线的小型化。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该环形金属层包括四个L型金属条，该L型金属条构成一个四边形，该四边形的边与该辐射贴片层的边相对设置。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在该阵列的行方向和列方向上，相邻的两个该辐射贴片之间具有缝隙。
在本申请中，相邻辐射贴片之间具有缝隙，通过调节辐射贴片之间缝隙的宽度，能够调节天线的工作频段范围，有利于进一步拓宽天线的带宽。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该缝隙的宽度大于或等于0.1mm，且小于或等于0.6mm。
在本申请中，可以通过在一定范围内调整多个辐射贴片之间缝隙的宽度，以调整天线的工作频段。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该天线的工作频段包括5990.4MHz～6988.8MHz和7499MHz～8486.4MHz。
在本申请中，天线的工作频段能够覆盖UWB频段的Channel 5和Channel 9双频段。
第二方面，提供了一种天线，包括：辐射贴片层、环形金属层和馈电结构，该馈电结构位于该辐射贴片层和该环形金属层之间；该辐射贴片层包括十六个辐射贴片，该十六个辐射贴片呈4×4的阵列分布；该环形金属层与该辐射贴片层的周缘部分相对设置，该环形金属层上设置有多个金属柱，该多个金属柱中的每个与该辐射贴片层电连接；该馈电结构包括第一馈电端口和第二馈电端口，该第一馈电端口和该第二馈电端口与该辐射贴片层电连接，该第一馈电端口馈电时，该辐射贴片层上的电信号为第一电信号，该第二馈电端口馈电时，该辐射贴片层上的电信号为第二电信号，其中，该第一电信号和该第二电信号幅值相等，相位相差180°±45°。
在本申请中，通过第一馈电端口和第二馈电端口馈电，使天线的辐射贴片层上的电信号具有相位差，即实现对天线的差分馈电，以实现呈侧射辐射特性的圆极化。并且，环形金属层可以与多个金属柱共同构成金属栅栏结构，即等效于辐射贴片层和环形金属层之间具有栅栏状的耦合电容柱。这可以扩大天线辐射体的工作面积，从而在不影响辐射贴片层工作模式的前提下，使天线具有较低的剖面，有利于实现天线的小型化。因此，本申请实施例提供的天线能够具有低剖面和侧射辐射特性的圆极化，有利于天线应用于小型电子设备(例如手机)内置定位天线系统。
此外，以呈网格状阵列分布的十六个辐射贴片作为天线结构的辐射体，在第一馈电端口和第二馈电端口馈电时，可以使天线工作在双频段，有利于实现天线在超带宽UWB频段工，例如UWB的Channel 5频段(5990.4MHz～6988.8MHz)和Channel 9频段(7499MHz～8486.4MHz)工作。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该馈电结构包括第一馈线、第二馈线和第三馈线，该第一馈线和该第二馈线平行，该第二馈线和该第三馈线垂直；其中，该第一馈线的第一端与该第二馈线电连接，该第二馈线与该辐射贴片层电连接；该第三馈线与该辐射贴片层电连接；该第一馈线的第二端包括该第一馈电端口，该第三馈线包括该第二馈电端口。
在本申请中，通过第一馈线、第二馈线和第三馈电组成的交叉馈电电路，以实现对天线的差分馈电，从而可以实现天线的圆极化。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该第一馈线的长度等于第一波长的二分之一，该第 一波长为该天线的工作频段对应的波长。
在本申请中，利用长度为天线工作波长的二分之一的第一馈线，以使通过第一馈线和第二馈线对应的馈电电路馈入的电信号与通过第三馈线对应的馈电电路馈入的电信号相差180°±45°，以实现差分馈电。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该第一馈线、该第二馈线和该第三馈线沿从该环形金属层到该辐射贴片层的方向依次设置。
在本申请中，通过使第一馈线、第二馈线和第三馈线依次设置，以进行避让设计，有利于确保第一馈线、第二馈线和第三馈线的正常工作。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第一馈线为微带线，该第二馈线和该第三馈线为L型探针。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该天线还包括匹配贴片层，该匹配贴片层位于该辐射贴片层和该馈电结构之间，该匹配贴片层位于该辐射贴片层和该馈电结构之间，且该匹配贴片层与该辐射贴片层耦合连接，该匹配贴片层与该第二馈线和该第三馈线电连接；该匹配贴片层包括四个金属贴片，该四个金属贴片呈2×2的阵列分布。
在本申请中，可以通过匹配贴片层用于调谐天线的阻抗，以实现阻抗匹配。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该多个金属柱位于该匹配贴片层的外周。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该天线还包括依次层叠设置的第一介质基板、第二介质基板、第三介质基板、第四介质基板和第五介质基板，该辐射贴片层设置于该第一介质基板的背离该第二介质基板的一侧表面；该匹配贴片层设置于该第二介质基板的背离该第三介质基板的一侧表面；该第三馈线设置于该第三介质基板的背离该第四介质基板的一侧表面；该第二馈线设置于该第四介质基板的背离该第五介质基板的一侧表面；该第一馈线设置于该第五介质基板的朝向该第四介质基板的一侧表面。
在本申请中，天线可以包括多层层叠设置的介质基板，以支撑天线中的辐射贴片层、环形金属层等结构。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该第一介质基板、该第二介质基板、该第三介质基板、该第四介质基板和该第五介质基板的总厚度小于或等于0.7mm。
在本申请中，通过限定天线中的多层介质基板具有较小的厚度范围，以使天线具有较小的剖面，有利于实现天线的小型化。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该天线还包括接地层，该接地层位于该第五介质基板的背离该第四介质基板的一侧表面，该接地层包括第一馈电端口和第二馈电端口。
在本申请中，天线可以通过接地层接地。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该环形金属层包括十二段金属条，该十二段金属条构成一个四边形，该四边形的边与该辐射贴片层的边相对设置。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，在该阵列的行方向和列方向上，相邻的两个该辐射贴片之间具有缝隙。
在本申请中，相邻辐射贴片之间具有缝隙，通过调节辐射贴片之间缝隙的宽度，能够调节天线的工作频段范围，有利于进一步拓宽天线的带宽。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该缝隙的宽度大于或等于0.1mm，且小于或等于0.6mm。
在本申请中，可以通过在一定范围内调整多个辐射贴片之间缝隙的宽度，以调整天线的工作频段。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该天线的工作频段包括5990.4MHz～6988.8MHz和7499MHz～8486.4MHz。
在本申请中，天线的工作频段能够覆盖UWB频段的Channel 5和Channel 9双频段。
第三方面，提供了一种天线阵列，包括多个如上述第一方面任一项所述的天线，或者包括多个如上述第二方面任一项所述的天线。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，相邻的两个所述天线之间的距离小于或等于第一波长的十分之一。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述天线阵列包括3个所述天线，所述3个天线呈2排2列分布。
第四方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括如上述第三方面任一项所述的天线阵列。
第五方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括如上述第一方面任一项所述的天线，和/或包括上述第二方面任一项所述的天线。
上述第三方面至第五方面的有益效果可以参考上述第一方面和第二方面的有益效果，这里不在赘述。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的示意图。
图2是本申请实施时提供的一种天线的结构示意图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种辐射贴片层的俯视图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种环形金属层的俯视图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种第一金属地板的俯视图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种旋转馈电网络的俯视图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种馈电探针的俯视图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种第二金属地板的俯视图。
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种图2所示天线的尺寸示意图。
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种图2所示天线的剖面图。
图11是图2所示天线的反射系数仿真结果图。
图12是图2所示天线的轴比仿真结果图。
图13是图2所示天线的一例效率带宽仿真结果图。
图14是图2所示天线的另一例效率带宽仿真结果图。
图15是图2所示天线的一例圆极化增益仿真结果图。
图16是图2所示天线的另一例圆极化增益仿真结果图。
图17是图2所示天线在6.5GHz和8GHz的xoy面的方向图。
图18是图2所示天线在6.5GHz和8GHz的yoz面的方向图。
图19是图2所示天线在6.3GHz、6.5GHz和6.7GHz以及7.9GHz、8.0GHz和8.2GHz的xoy面的轴比方向图。
图20是图2所示天线在6.3GHz、6.5GHz和6.7GHz以及7.9GHz、8.0GHz和8.2GHz的yoz面的轴比方向图。
图21是图2所示天线在6.5GHz和8.0GHz的方向图。
图22是图2所示天线在7.9GHz、8.0GHz和8.2GHz的方向图。
图23是图2所示天线在6.3GHz、6.5GHz和6.7GHz的方向图。
图24是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线的结构示意图。
图25是本申请实施例提供的一种辐射贴片层的俯视图。
图26是本申请实施例提供的一种环形金属层的俯视图。
图27是本申请实施例提供的一种图24所示天线的尺寸示意图。
图28是本申请实施例提供的一种图24所示天线的尺寸示意图。
图29是图24所示天线的反射系数仿真结果图。
图30是图24所示天线的轴比仿真结果图。
图31是图24所示天线的一例效率带宽仿真结果图。
图32是图24所示天线的另一例效率带宽仿真结果图。
图33是图24所示天线的一例圆极化增益仿真结果图。
图34是图24所示天线的另一例圆极化增益仿真结果图。
图35是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz以及7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的xoy面的方向图。
图36是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz以及7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的yoz面的方向图。
图37是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz以及7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的xoy面的轴比方向图。
图38是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz以及7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的yoz面 的轴比方向图。
图39是图24所示天线在6.5GHz和8.0GHz的方向图。
图40是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz的方向图。
图41是图2所示天线在7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的方向图。
图42是本申请实施例提供的一种天线阵列的结构示意图。
图43是图42所示天线阵列的S参数的仿真结果图。
图44是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线阵列的结构示意图。
图45是图44所示天线阵列的S参数的仿真结果示意图。
图46是图44所示天线阵列的S参数的仿真结果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
应理解，在本申请中“电连接”可理解为元器件物理接触并电导通；也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)铜箔或导线等可传输电信号的实体线路进行连接的形式；也可理解为通过间接耦合的方式，隔空电导通。“耦合”可理解为通过间接耦合的方式隔空电导通，其中，本领域人员可以理解的是，耦合现象即指两个或两个以上的电路元件或电网络的输入与输出之间存在紧密配合与相互影响，并通过相互作用从一侧向另一侧传输能量的现象。“连接”、“相连”均可以指一种机械连接关系或物理连接关系，例如，A与B连接或A与B相连可以指，A与B之间存在紧固的构件(如螺钉、螺栓、铆钉等)，或者A与B相互接触且A与B难以被分离。
本申请实施例涉及的x方向可以理解为天线的宽度方向/长度方向，y方向可以理解为天线的长度方向/宽度方向，z方向可以理解为天线的高度(厚度)方向。
本申请实施例涉及的横向尺寸可以理解为垂直于天线高度/厚度方向的平面(x y平面)内的尺寸。
下面为方便理解，对本申请实施例中所涉及的技术术语进行解释和描述。
谐振/谐振频率：谐振频率又叫共振频率。谐振频率可以指天线输入阻抗虚部为零处的频率。谐振频率可以有一个频率范围，即，发生共振的频率范围。共振最强点对应的频率就是中心频率点频率。中心频率的回波损耗特性可以小于-20dB。
谐振频段：谐振频率的范围是谐振频段，谐振频段内任一频点的回波损耗特性可以小于-6dB或-5dB。
通信频段/工作频段：无论何种类型的天线，总是在一定的频率范围(频段宽度)内工作。例如，支持超带宽(ultra wide band，UWB)的Channel 5频段的天线，其工作频段可以包括5990.4MHz～6988.8MHz，或者是说，该天线的工作频段包括UWB的Channel 5频段。
谐振频段和工作频段可以相同或不同，或者其频率范围可以部分重叠。在一些实施例中，天线的谐振频段可以覆盖该天线的多个工作频段。
在本申请实施中描述的对称(例如轴对称、或中心对称等)、平行、垂直、相同(例如，长度相同、宽度相同等等)等这类限定，均是针对当前工艺水平而言的，而不是数学意义上绝对严格的定义，允许存在少量偏差。例如，在一些实施例中，A与B平行，可以是指A与B之间平行或近似平行。在一个可能的示例中，A与B平行，是指A与B之间的夹角在0°～10°之间。在一些实施例中，A与B垂直，是指A与B之间垂直或近似垂直。在一个可能的示例中，A与B垂直，是指A与B之间的夹角在80°～100°之间。
天线系统效率(total efficiency)：指在天线的端口处输入功率与输出功率的比值。
天线辐射效率(radiation efficiency)：指天线向空间辐射出去的功率(即有效地转换电磁波部分的功率)和输入到天线的有功功率。其中，输入到天线的有功功率＝天线的输入功率-损耗功率；损耗功率主要包括回波损耗功率和金属的欧姆损耗功率和/或介质损耗功率。辐射效率是衡量天线辐射能力的值，金属损耗、介质损耗是辐射效率的影响因素。
应理解，效率一般是用百分比来表示，其与dB之间存在相应的换算关系，效率越接近0dB，表征该天线的效率越优。
天线回波损耗：可以理解为经过天线电路反射回天线端口的信号功率与天线端口发射功率的比值。反射回来的信号越小，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越大，天线的辐射效率越大。反射回来的信号越大，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越小，天线的辐射效率越小。
天线回波损耗可以用S11参数来表示，S11属于S参数中的一种。S11表示反射系数，此参数能够表征天线发射效率的优劣。S11参数通常为负数，S11参数越小，表示天线回波损耗越小，天线本身反射回来的能量越小，也就是代表实际上进入天线的能量就越多，天线的系统效率越高；S11参数越大，表示天线回波损耗越大，天线的系统效率越低。
需要说明的是，工程上一般以S11值为-6dB作为标准，当天线的S11值小于-6dB时，可以认为该天线可正常工作，或可认为该天线的发射效率较好。
天线的极化方向：在空间给定点上，电场强度E(矢量)是时间t的函数，随着时间的推移，矢量端点在空间周期性地描绘出轨迹。该轨迹为直线且垂直地面，称为垂直极化，如果水平于地面，称为水平极化。该轨迹为椭圆或圆时，沿着传播方向观察，随着时间沿右手或顺时针方向旋转，称右旋极化(right-hand circular polarization，RHCP)，随着时间沿左手或逆时针方向旋转，称左旋极化(left-hand circular polarization，RHCP)
天线的轴比(axial ratio，AR)：在圆极化下，电场矢量端点在空间周期性地描绘出轨迹为椭圆，椭圆的长轴和短轴之比称为轴比。轴比是圆极化天线的一个重要的性能指标，它代表圆极化的纯度，是衡量整机对不同方向的信号增益差异性的重要指标。天线的圆极化轴比值越靠近1(电场矢量端点在空间周期性地描绘出轨迹为圆)，其圆极化性能越好。
低剖面天线：可以指天线的总高度小于其工作频段对应的波长的天线。
应理解，天线的工作频段对应的波长可以理解为天线的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长，或者，也可以理解为天线的谐振频点对应的波长。
方向图：可以指天线辐射电磁场在以天线为中心，某一距离为半径的球面上随空间角度(包括方位角和俯仰角)分布的图形。
需要说明的是，按照天线方向图特性的不同，天线可以分为端射天线、侧射天线和全向天线等。端射天线可以指天线的主要辐射方向与天线的主要结构方向相平行的天线；侧射天线可以指天线的主要辐射方向与天线的主要结构方向相垂直的天线；全向天线可以指在水平面内实现各角度均匀辐射的天线。
应理解，在手机中，受到其他模块和实际应用场景的制约，相比于端射天线和全向天线，侧射天线更有利于提高天线的利用效率和工作性能。
天线增益：是指在输入功率相等的条件下，实际天线与理想的辐射单元(由于理想的辐射单元并不存在，实际应用上都是用偶极子天线(dipole)代替)在空间同一点处所产生的信号的功率密度之比。它定量地描述一个天线把输入功率集中辐射的程度。
地(地板)：可泛指电子设备(比如手机)内任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层等的至少一部分，或者上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地部件等的任意组合的至少一部分，“地”可用于电子设备内元器件的接地。一个实施例中，“地”可以是电子设备的电路板的接地层，也可以是电子设备中框形成的接地板或屏幕下方的金属薄膜形成的接地金属层。一个实施例中，电路板可以是印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)，例如具有8、10、12、13或14层导电材料的8层、10层或12至14层板，或者通过诸如玻璃纤维、聚合物等之类的介电层或绝缘层隔开和电绝缘的元件。一个实施例中，电路板包括介质基板、接地层和走线层，走线层和接地层通过过孔进行电连接。一个实施例中，诸如显示器、触摸屏、输入按钮、发射器、处理器、存储器、电池、充电电路、片上系统(system on chip，SoC)结构等部件可以安装在电路板上或连接到电路板；或者电连接到电路板中的走线层和/或接地层。例如，射频源设置于走线层。
上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层由导电材料制得。一个实施例中，该导电材料可以采用以下材料中的任一者：铜、铝、不锈钢、黄铜和它们的合金、绝缘基片上的铜箔、绝缘基片上的铝箔、绝缘基片上的金箔、镀银的铜、绝缘基片上的镀银铜箔、绝缘基片上的银箔和镀锡的铜、浸渍石墨粉的布、涂覆石墨的基片、镀铜的基片、镀黄铜的基片和镀铝的基片。本领域技术人员可以理解，接地层/接地板/接地金属层也可由其它导电材料制得。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案适用于采用以下一种或多种通信技术的电子设备：蓝牙(blue-tooth，BT)通信技术、全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)通信技术、无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)通信技术、全球移动通讯系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)通信技术、宽频码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)通信技术、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信技术、5G通信技术以及未来其他通信技术等。本申请实施例中的电子设备可以是手机、平板 电脑、笔记本电脑、智能家居、智能手环、智能手表、智能头盔、智能眼镜等。电子设备还可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助手(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备，5G网络中的电子设备或者未来演进的公用陆地移动通信网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)中的电子设备等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。图1示例性示出了本申请实施例提供的电子设备，以电子设备为手机进行说明。
如图1所示，电子设备10可以包括：盖板(cover)13、显示屏/模组(display)15、印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)17、中框(middle frame)19和后盖(rear cover)21。应理解，在一些实施例中，盖板13可以是玻璃盖板(cover glass)，也可以被替换为其他材料的盖板，例如超薄玻璃材料盖板，PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)材料盖板等。
其中，盖板13可以紧贴显示模组15设置，可主要用于对显示模组15起到保护、防尘作用。
在一个实施例中，显示模组15可以包括液晶显示面板(liquid crystal display，LCD)，发光二极管(light emitting diode，LED)显示面板或者有机发光半导体(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)显示面板等，本申请对此并不做限制。
中框19主要起整机的支撑作用。图1中示出PCB17设于中框19与后盖21之间，应可理解，在一个实施例中，PCB17也可设于中框19与显示模组15之间，本申请对此并不做限制。其中，印刷电路板PCB17可以采用耐燃材料(FR-4)介质板，也可以采用罗杰斯(Rogers)介质板，也可以采用Rogers和FR-4的混合介质板，等等。这里，FR-4是一种耐燃材料等级的代号，Rogers介质板是一种高频板。PCB17上承载电子元件，例如，射频芯片等。在一个实施例中，印刷电路板PCB17上可以设置一金属层。该金属层可用于印刷电路板PCB17上承载的电子元件接地，也可用于其他元件接地，例如支架天线、边框天线等，该金属层可以称为地板，或接地板，或接地层。在一个实施例中，该金属层可以通过在PCB17中的任意一层介质板的表面蚀刻金属形成。在一个实施例中，用于接地的该金属层可以设置在印刷电路板PCB17上靠近中框19的一侧。在一个实施例中，印刷电路板PCB17的边缘可以看作其接地层的边缘。可以在一个实施例中，金属中框19也可用于上述元件的接地。电子设备10还可以具有其他地板/接地板/接地层，如前所述，此处不再赘述。
其中，电子设备10还可以包括电池(图中未示出)。电池可以设置于设于中框19与后盖21之间，或者可设于中框19与显示模组15之间，本申请对此并不做限制。在一些实施例中，PCB17分为主板和子板，电池可以设于所述主板和所述子板之间，其中，主板可以设置于中框19和电池的上边沿之间，子板可以设置于中框19和电池的下边沿之间。
电子设备10还可以包括边框11，边框11可以由金属等导电材料形成。边框11可以设于显示模组15和后盖21之间并绕电子设备10的外围周向延伸。边框11可以具有包围显示模组15的四个侧边，帮助固定显示模组15。在一种实现方式中，金属材料制成的边框11可以直接用作电子设备10的金属边框，形成金属边框的外观，适用于金属工业设计(industrial design，ID)。在另一种实现方式中，边框11的外表面还可以为非金属材料，例如塑料边框，形成非金属边框的外观，适用于非金属ID。
中框19可以包括边框11，包括边框11的中框19作为一体件，可以对整机中的电子器件起支撑作用。盖板13、后盖21分别沿边框的上下边沿盖合从而形成电子设备的外壳或壳体(housing)。在一个实施例中，盖板13、后盖21、边框11和/或中框19，可以统称为电子设备10的外壳或壳体。应可理解，“外壳或壳体”可以用于指代盖板13、后盖21、边框11或中框19中任一个的部分或全部，或者指代盖板13、后盖21、边框11或中框19中任意组合的部分或全部。
或者，可以不将边框11看做中框19的一部分。在一个实施例中，边框11可以和中框19连接并一体成型。在另一实施例中，边框11可以包括向内延伸的突出件，以与中框19相连，例如，通过弹片、螺丝、焊接等方式相连。边框11的突出件还可以用来接收馈电信号，使得边框11的至少一部分作为天线的辐射体收/发射频信号。作为辐射体的这一部分边框，与中框30之间可以存在间隙42，从而保证天线辐射体具有良好的辐射环境，使得天线具有良好的信号传输功能。
其中，后盖21可以是金属材料制成的后盖，也可以是非导电材料制成的后盖，如玻璃后盖、塑料后盖等非金属后盖。
图1仅示意性的示出了电子设备10包括的一些部件，这些部件的实际形状、实际大小和实际构造不受图1限定。
随着移动业务的拓展，电子设备的定位功能已经在工业互联网、智能家居等一系列应用中成为必不可少的功能之一。圆极化天线作为电子设备定位系统中常用的天线，可以避免极化失配的情况，从而可以大大提升定位系统的稳定性，例如具体可以使用由多个圆极化天线组成的阵列实现俯仰面或方位面的定位。然而在兼容大占屏比、轻薄化的设计需求下，电子设备中预留给天线的设计空间越来越有限。因此，亟需提供一种小型化的圆极化天线。
鉴于上述内容，本申请实施例提供一种天线、天线阵列和电子设备，该天线具有低剖面，同时通过使天线中的多个辐射贴片上的电信号具有相位差，以实现圆极化，有利于获得小型化的圆极化天线。
下面结合附图，对本申请实施例提供的天线的结构进行介绍。
图2至图5是本申请实施提供的一种天线100的结构示意图。其中，图2是本申请实施例提供的天线100的爆炸图，图3是图2所示的辐射贴片层110的俯视示意图，图4是图2所示的环形金属层120的俯视示意图，图5是图2所示的第一金属层130的俯视示意图。天线100可以应用于图1所示的电子设备10中。
如图2所示，天线100可以包括辐射贴片层110、环形金属层120和第一金属层130。其中，环形金属层120可以位于辐射贴片层110和第一金属层130之间。
结合图2和图3，辐射贴片层110可以包括四个辐射贴片111。其中，四个辐射贴片111可以呈2×2的阵列分布。在一些实施例中，在阵列的行方向和列方向上，相邻的两个辐射贴片111之间具有缝隙。
例如，如图3所示，四个辐射贴片111可以包括辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d，辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d之间形成两条第一缝隙112。示例性地，两条第一缝隙112的宽度可以相同。
例如两条第一缝隙112可以包括第一缝隙112a和第一缝隙112b，第一缝隙112a的宽度W1a(在y轴方向的尺寸)和第一缝隙112b的宽度W1b(在x轴方向的尺寸)相同。
在一些实施例中，第一缝隙112的宽度可以大于或等于0.1mm，且小于或等于0.6mm。示例性地，如图3所示，第一缝隙112a的宽度W1a和和第一缝隙112b的宽度W1b可以为0.2mm。
应理解，上述第一缝隙112宽度的具体数值仅是示意，可以根据实际的生产或设计进行调整，本申请对此不作限制。
在一些实施例中，辐射贴片111可以但不限于是圆形金属贴片或方形金属贴片。
示例性地，如图3所示，辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d可以是方形金属贴片，且辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d的横向尺寸可以为7.75mm×7.75mm，本申请对此不作限制。
应理解，上述辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d的形状和横向尺寸仅是示意，可以根据实际生产和设计进行调整，本申请对此不作限制。
在一些实施例中，天线100还可以包括第一介质基板171。第一介质基板171可以设置于辐射贴片层110和环形金属层120之间，用于支撑辐射贴片层110。例如，辐射贴片层110可以设置于第一介质基板171的上表面(第一介质基板171的背离环形金属层120的一侧)。
在一些实施例中，四个天线辐射贴片111的边可以平行于第一介质基板171的边。例如，如图3所示，辐射贴片111a的第一边111a1可以平行于第一介质基板171的第一边1711，辐射贴片111a的第二边111a2可以平行于第一介质基板171的第二边1712。
在一些实施例中，可以在第一介质基板171上通过刻蚀以形成辐射贴片层110。
结合图2和图4，环形金属层120可以与辐射贴片层110的周缘部分相对设置，且与辐射贴片层110耦合连接。也就是说，环形金属层120在第一方向的投影与辐射贴片层110的周缘部分在第一方向的投影重叠。其中，第一方向可以为垂直于辐射贴片层110的方向，即图2所示的x轴方向。
应理解，辐射贴片层110的周缘部分可以理解为辐射贴片层110的靠近外侧轮廓的部分。
示例性地，环形金属层120可以包括4个L型金属条121。4个L型金属条121可以组成一个四边形，该四边形的边可以与辐射贴片层110的边相对设置。
示例性地，如图4所示，4个L型金属条121可以包括L型金属条121a、121b、121c和121d。L型金属条121a、121b、121c和121d可以分别与辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d相对设置，如图2所示。也就是说，L型金属条121a、121b、121c和121d在第一方向(即z轴方向)的投影可以分别与辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d的边缘部分在第一方向(即z轴方向)的投影重叠。
例如，L型金属条121a可以包括相互垂直的第一段金属条121a1和第二段金属条121a2。其中，第一段金属条121a1可以与辐射贴片111a的第一边111a1处的边缘部分相对设置，第二段金属条121a2可以 与辐射贴片111a的第二边111a2处的边缘部分相对设置。也就是说，第一段金属条121a1在第一方向的投影与第一边111a1处的边缘部分在第一方向的投影重叠，第二段金属条121a2在第一方向的投影与第二边111a2处的边缘部分在第一方向的投影重叠。
此外，四个L型金属条121之间可以形成与两条第一缝隙112相对设置的多个第二缝隙123。例如，如图4所示，多个第二缝隙123可以包括第二缝隙123a、123b、123c和123d。其中，第二缝隙123a和123c可以和第一缝隙112a相对设置，第二缝隙123b和123d可以和第一缝隙112b相对设置。也就是说，第二缝隙123a、123b、123c和123d的宽度都等于第一缝隙112a和112b的宽度。
示例性地，第二缝隙123a、123b、123c和123d的宽度可以为0.2mm，本申请对此不作限制。
在一些实施例中，天线100还可以包括第二介质基板172。第二介质基板172可以设置于环形金属层120和第一金属层130之间，用于支撑环形金属层120。例如，环形金属层120可以设置于第二介质基板171的上表面(第二介质基板172的背离第一金属层130的一侧)。
结合图2和图5，第一金属层130上可以设置有多个金属柱131。多个金属柱131中的每一个可以与环形金属层120电连接。即环形金属层120可以通过多个金属柱131与第一金属层130实现电连接。
示例性地，多个金属柱131可以间隔设置，且与四个L型金属条121相对设置。例如，四个L型金属条121上可以设置有第一校准位122，多个金属柱131在第一校准位121与四个L型金属条121电连接。
应理解，上述金属柱在介质基板层中可以理解为金属盲孔。金属盲孔是指在层叠设置的介质基板层中的一层或连续几层的对应位置开孔，并在孔的内壁设置金属镀层以实现金属盲孔的导电功能。例如，在一些实施例中，多个金属柱131具体可以为金属盲孔，该多个金属盲孔穿过第二介质基板172，以实现第一金属层130和环形贴片层120的电连接。
在本申请提供的技术方案中，环形金属层120可以与多个金属柱131共同构成金属栅栏结构，即等效于辐射贴片层110和第一金属层130之间具有栅栏状的耦合电容柱。这有利于可以扩大天线100辐射体的工作面积，从而可以在不影响辐射贴片层110工作模式的前提下，使天线100具有较低的剖面，有利于实现天线100的小型化。
应理解，为了满足实际生产和设计的不同需求，可以通过调整环形金属层120的结构尺寸以及多个金属柱131的数量、位置和高度等，以调整天线100的小型化程度。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，天线100还可以包括第四介质基板174，第四介质基板174可以位于第一金属层130的背离环形金属层120的一侧，用于支撑第一金属层130。即第一金属层130可以设置于第四介质基板174的上表面。
如图2所示，天线100还可以包括馈电单元140，馈电单元140可以与辐射贴片层110电连接，从而为天线100馈电。在馈电单元140馈电时，在四个天线辐射贴片111的顺时针排列方向上，相邻的两个辐射贴片111上的电信号具有第一相位差，以实现圆极化，使得天线100可以产生极化为圆极化的侧射方向图。
示例性地，在馈电单元140馈电时，结合图2和图3，沿顺时针方向，辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d上的电信号之间可以依次具有90°左右的相位差，例如相位相差90°±45°，从而实现圆极化。例如，天线辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d上的电信号的相位可以依次为0°，90°，180°，270°，本申请对此不作限制。
需要说明的是，相位相差90°±45°可以理解为相位相差90°，并允许最大为45°的误差值。
还需要说明的，在四个天线辐射贴片111的顺时针排列方向上，相邻的两个辐射贴片111上的电信号具有第一相位差，也可以理解为在四个天线辐射贴片111的逆时针排列方向上，相邻的两个辐射贴片111上的电信号具有第二相位差，第一相位差和第二相位差的正负可以相反。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，天线100还可以包括馈电结构150。图6是图2所示的旋转馈电网络151的俯视示意图，图7是图2所示的馈电探针152的俯视示意图，。
结合图2、图6和图7，馈电结构150可以包括旋转馈电网络151和四个馈电探针152。
其中，四个馈电探针152可以位于环形金属层120和第一金属层130之间，旋转馈电网络150可以设于第一金属层130的背离环形金属层120的一侧。旋转馈电网络151可以包括公共输入端口1511和四个分支输出端口1512。馈电单元140可以与公共输入端口2711电连接，用于为天线100馈电。公共输入端口1511可以和四个分支输出端口1512分别电连接。四个分支输出端口1512可以分别与四个馈电探针152电连接，四个馈电探针152可以分别与四个辐射贴片111电连接，以实现对四个辐射贴片111的馈电。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，公共输入端口1511可以通过第一馈线(例如微带线、带状线等)1513与四个分支输出端口1512实现电连接。
当馈电单元140在公共输入端口1511馈电时，四个分支输出端口1512的电信号之间可以依次具有相位差。例如，如图6所示，四个分支输出端口1512可以包括分支输出端口1512a、1512b、1512c和1512d。当在公共输入端口2711馈电时，分支输出端口1512a、1512b、1512c和1512d之间的电信号幅值相同，相位相差90°±45°。
示例性地，旋转馈电网络151可以为微带一分四功分器。
应理解，上述旋转馈电网络151的具体形式仅是示意，可以根据实际生产和设计进行调整，本申请对此不作限制。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，四个馈电探针152可以包括旋转对称设置的馈电探针152a、152b、152c和152d。馈电探针152a、152b、152c和152d可以分别与辐射贴片111a、111b、111c和111d耦合连接。
在一些实施例中，四个馈电探针152在第一方向的投影可以与辐射贴片层110在第一方向的投影部分重叠。
在一些实施例中，四个馈电探针152在第一方向(即z轴方向)投影可以位于环形金属层120在第一方向的投影的内周。即四个馈电探针152和环形金属层120交错设置。
在一些实施中，结合图2和图7，四个馈电探针152可以偏离辐射贴片层110的中心轴设置。例如，馈电探针152沿y轴方向的中心轴与辐射贴片层110沿y轴方向的中心轴不重合。
应理解，上述四个馈电探针152的相对位置仅是示意，可以根据实际生产和设计进行调整，本申请对此不作限制，
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，天线200还可以包括层叠设置的第三介质基板173和第五介质基板175，第三介质基板173可以设置于环形金属层120和第一金属层150之间，用于支撑四个馈电探针152。即四个馈电探针152可以设置在第三介质基板173的上表面(第三介质基板173的背离第一金属层130的一侧)。第五介质基板175可以设置于第一金属层130的背离四个馈电探针152的一侧，用于支撑旋转馈电网络151。即旋转馈电网络151可以设置在第五介质基板175的上表面(第五介质基板175的朝向第一金属层130的一侧)。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，天线100还可以包括四个第一金属盲孔182。四个第一金属盲孔182的一端可以分别与四个分支输出端口1512电连接，四个第一金属盲孔182的另一端分别与四个馈电探针152电连接。即四个分支输出端口1512通过第一金属盲孔182与四个馈电探针152实现电连接，以对四个馈电探针152馈电。
示例性地，如图7所示，四个馈电探针152上可以分别设置有第二校准位1521，第一金属盲孔182在第二校准位1521与馈电探针152电连接。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，天线100还可以包括接地层160。下面结合图8示意性说明本申请实施例提供的接地层160的结构。其中，图8是图2所示的接地层160的俯视示意图。
结合图2和图8，接地层160可以设置在旋转馈电网络151的背离第一金属层130的一侧。示例性地，接地层160可以设置在第五介质基板175的下表面(第五介质基板175的背离第一金属层130的一侧)，并作为天线100的地板(groud，GND)。
应理解，接地层160作为天线100的地板，在电子设备中，接地层160也可以与电子设备内的地板连接。例如PCB中的金属层，或者，金属中框等。
在一些实施例中，接地层160上可以设置有馈电端口161，馈电端口161用于为天线100馈电，即馈电单元140可以在馈电端口161馈入电信号。例如，天线100还可以包括第二馈线(图中未示出)，第二馈线的一端可以与馈电单元140可电连接，第二馈线的另一端可以与馈电端口161电连接，以实现馈电单元140在馈电端口161馈入电信号。示例性地，第二馈线可以是阻抗为50Ω的同轴电缆，本申请对此不作限制。
馈电端口161还可以与公共输入端口1511电连接，以实现对公共输入端口1511馈电。在一些实施例中，天线100还可以包括第二金属盲孔181，第二金属盲孔181的一端与馈电端口161电连接，第二金属盲孔181的另一端与公共输入端口1511电连接。即馈电端口161可以通过第二金属盲孔181与公共输入端口1511实现电连接。
示例性地，馈电端口161可以为环状结构，且馈电端口161的内径可以和第二金属盲孔181的孔径相同。
应理解，上述第一金属盲孔182和第二金属盲孔181的相关描述可以参见金属柱131的相关描述，这里不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，第一介质基板171、第二介质基板172、第三介质基板173、第四介质基板174和第五介质基板175的介电常数可以为2.9。
在一些实施例中，第一介质基板171、第二介质基板172、第三介质基板173、第四介质基板174和第五介质基板175的总厚度(在z轴方向的尺寸)可以小于或等于0.7mm，以实现天线100可以具有较低的剖面。
示例性地，依次层叠设置的第一介质基板171、第二介质基板172、第三介质基板173、第四介质基板174和第五介质基板175的厚度可以分别为0.05mm、0.25mm、0.3mm、0.05mm和0.05mm。
在一些实施例中，天线100还可以包括第六介质基板176，第六介质基板176可以位于第一介质基板171的背离第二介质基板172的一侧，第六介质基板176的上表面(第六介质基板176的背离第一介质基板171的一侧)和第六介质基板176的下表面(第六介质基板176的朝向第一介质基板171的一侧)可以不设置金属层，例如，第六介质基板176的上表面和下表面可以不覆铜。
示例性地，第六介质基板176的介电常数可以为7，第六介质基板176的厚度(在z轴方向的尺寸)可以为0.8mm，本申请对此不作限制。
在一些实施例中，上述各介质基板可以为液晶聚合物(liquid crystal polymer，LCP)或罗杰斯材料等，本申请对此不作限制。应理解，当上述各介质基板为LCP时，由于LCP的损耗正切值在高频时可以保持相对较小的数值，这可以使天线100具有较小的传输损耗，以提高辐射功率，有利于获得更高的天线增益。
图9中的(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)和(f)分别为辐射贴片层110、环形金属层120、四个馈电探针152、第一金属层130、旋转馈电网络151和接地层160的各结构尺寸示意图。应理解，图9所示的各结构的尺寸仅是示意，并非是对本申请的限制。
图10是图2所示天线100的剖面结构示意图。
如图10所示，在一些实施例中，四个馈电探针152可以为L型馈电探针。例如，馈电探针152a可以包括第一馈电枝节152a1和第二馈电枝节152a2。第一馈电枝节152a1可以包括第一连接点O1，第二馈电枝节152a2的一端在第一连接点O1处与第一馈电枝节152a1连接，第二馈电枝节152a2的另一端可以与分支输出端口1512a连接，第一馈电枝节152a1可以与天线辐射贴片241a耦合连接(如图2所示)。即馈电探针152a呈L型。
需要说明的是，馈电探针152a与辐射贴片层110之间的距离越小，分支输出端口1512处等效的并联电容值越大。由于可以通过调整馈电探针152a的高度H2(z轴方向的尺寸)以调整天线100的匹配。示例性地，馈电探针152a的高度H2，即第二馈电枝节152a2在z轴方向的尺寸可以大于或等于0.18mm且小于或等于0.22mm。
此外，馈电探针152a在第一方向的投影与辐射贴片层110在第一方向的投影重叠的面积越大，分支输出端口1512处等效的并联电容值越大。由于可以通过调整馈电探针152a的宽度W4(z轴方向的尺寸)以调整天线100的匹配。示例性地，馈电探针152a的宽度W4，即第一馈电枝节271a1在x轴方向的尺寸可以大于或等于8.3mm且小于或等于9.3mm，本申请对此不作限制。
还需要说明的是，环形金属层120在第一方向(即z轴方向)与辐射贴片层110在第一方向的投影的重叠面积越大，其等效的金属栅栏状耦合电容柱的电容值越大，越有利于天线100的小型化。由此，可以通过调整环形金属层120的尺寸，例如如图10所示的L型金属条121的宽度W3，以调整天线100的小型化程度。此外，通过调整环形金属层的尺寸，也可以实现天线100的频率比变化。
示例性地，L型金属条121的宽度可以大于或等于1mm，且小于或等于1.5mm，本申请对此不作限制。
此外，如图10所示，多个金属柱131与辐射贴片层110之间的距离H1越小，等效的耦合电容柱的电容值越大，越有利于天线100的小型化。由此，可以通过调整多个金属柱131的高度(或者说深度，即在z轴方向的尺寸)，以调整天线100的小型化程度。
示例性地，多个金属柱131与辐射贴片层110之间的距离H 1可以大于或等于0.1mm且小于或等于 0.2mm，本申请对此不作限制。
在本申请实施例提供的技术方案中，通过使天线100中的四个辐射贴片111上的电信号依次具有相位差，以实现呈侧射辐射特性的圆极化。此外，以呈网格状阵列分布的四个辐射贴片作为天线100的辐射体，在馈电单元140馈电时，可以使天线工作在双频段，有利于实现天线在超带宽UWB频段，例如UWB的Channel 5频段(5990.4MHz～6988.8MHz)和Channel 9频段(7499MHz～8486.4MHz)工作。此外，通过调节辐射贴片111之间缝隙的宽度，能够调节天线100的工作频段范围，有利于进一步拓宽天线100的带宽。
图11至图16是图2所示天线的仿真结果示意图。其中，图11是图2所示天线的反射系数的仿真结果图，图12是图2所示天线的轴比仿真结果图，图13和图14是图2所示天线的效率带宽仿真结果图，图15和图16是图2所示天线的圆极化增益仿真结果图。
如图11所示，该天线具有两个工作频段，其中两个工作频段可以覆盖UWB频段中的Channel 5和Channel 9双频段，中心频点为6.5GHz和8GHz，可以满足通信需求。并且，该天线实现较宽的阻抗带宽，以反射系数小于-6dB为界限，该天线的阻抗带宽为6.46GHz～6.59GHz和7.91GHz～8.00GHz。
如图12所示，该天线在6.5GHz和8.0GHz附近两个频段的轴比基本都小于3dB，该天线在UWB频段中的Channel 5和Channel 9两个频段内具有较好的圆极化辐射特性，可以满足通信需求。
结合图13和图14，该天线具有较宽的效率带宽，以效率带宽小于-6dB为界限，该天线的效率带宽为6.28GHz～6.80GHz以及7.86GHz～8.20GHz。
结合图15和图16，该天线在6.31GHz～6.80GHz频段内的增益大于1dBic，在7.84GHz～8.20GHz频段内的增益大于0dBic，具有较为稳定的增益，可以满足通信需求。
图17是图2所示天线在6.5GHz和8GHz的xoy面的方向图。图18是图2所示天线在6.5GHz和8GHz的yoz面的方向图。
结合图17和图18，在6.5GHz，该天线在xoy面的波束覆盖角为±40°，在xoz面的波束覆盖角为±39°；在8.0GHz，该天线在xoy面的波束覆盖角为±37°，在xoz面的波束覆盖角为±38°。并且，在6.5GHz和8.0GHz，该天线的交叉极化小于-15dB，具有较低的交叉极化，可以满足通信需求。
图19是图2所示天线在6.3GHz、6.5GHz和6.7GHz以及7.9GHz、8.0GHz和8.2GHz的xoy面的轴比方向图。图20是图2所示天线在6.3GHz、6.5GHz和6.7GHz以及7.9GHz、8.0GHz和8.2GHz的yoz面的轴比方向图。
结合图19和图20，该天线在6.3GHz、6.5GHz和6.7GHz以及7.9GHz、8.0GHz和8.2GHz都实现了较宽的轴比角度。其中，该天线在上述各频点对应的xoy面和xoz面的轴比角度如表1所示。
表1
图21是图2所示天线在6.5GHz和8.0GHz的方向图。如图21所示，在6.5GHz和8.0GHz，该天线实现大于1dBic的圆极化增益，并且最大增益出现在0°角，该天线具有侧射辐射的特性，可以满足通信需求。
图22是图2所示天线在7.9GHz、8.0GHz和8.2GHz的方向图。如图22所示，在6.3GHz、6.5GHz和6.7GHz，该天线的方向图的波束覆盖角可以为±39°，具有较宽的波束覆盖角，可以满足通信需求。
图23是图2所示天线在6.3GHz、6.5GHz和6.7GHz的方向图。如图23所示，在7.9GHz、8.0GHz和8.2GHz，该天线的方向图的波束覆盖角可以为±39°，具有较宽的波束覆盖角，可以满足通信需求。
图24至图26是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线200的结构示意图。其中，图24是本申请实施例提供的天线200的爆炸图，图25是图24所示的辐射贴片层210的俯视示意图，图26是图24所示环形金属层220的俯视示意图。天线200可以应用于图1所示的电子设备10中。
如图24所示，天线200可以包括辐射贴片层210、环形金属层220和馈电结构230。其中，馈电结构 230可以位于辐射贴片层210和环形金属层220之间。
结合图24和图25，辐射贴片层210可以包括十六个辐射贴片211。其中，十六个辐射贴片211可以呈4×4的阵列分布。
在一些实施例中，在阵列的行方向和列方向上，相邻的两个辐射贴片211之间具有缝隙。例如，如图25所示，十六个天线辐射贴片211之间可以形成六条第一缝隙212。六条第一缝隙212中的任意两条缝隙的宽度(在x轴方向的尺寸或y轴方向的尺寸)可以相同，也可以不相同，本申请对此不作限制。
在一些实施例中，第一缝隙212的宽度可以大于或等于0.1mm，且小于或等于0.6mm。例如，如图25所示，六条第一缝隙212可以包括第一缝隙212a、212b、212c、212d、212e、212f，第一缝隙212a和212c的宽度(在x轴方向的尺寸)可以为0.4mm，第一缝隙212b的宽度(在x轴方向的尺寸)可以为0.2mm，第一缝隙212d和212f的宽度(在y轴方向的尺寸)可以为0.4mm，第一缝隙212e的宽度(在y轴方向的尺寸)可以为0.2mm。
应理解，上述第一缝隙212的宽度的具体数值仅是示意，可以根据实际的生产或设计进行调整，本申请对此不作限制。
在一些实施例中，辐射贴片211可以但不限于是圆形金属贴片或方形金属贴片。
示例性地，如图25所示，辐射贴片211可以是方形金属贴片，且辐射贴片211的横向尺寸可以为3.85mm×3.85mm，本申请对此不作限制。
示例性地，辐射贴片层210的横向尺寸可以为16.4mm×16.4mm，本申请对此不作限制。
应理解，上述辐射贴片211的横向尺寸以及辐射贴片层210的横向尺寸仅是示意，可以根据实际生产和设计进行调整，本申请对此不作限制。
在一些实施例中，如图25所示，天线200还可以包括第一介质基板251，第一介质基板251可以设置于辐射贴片层210与环形金属层220之间，用于支撑辐射贴片层210。例如，辐射贴片层210可以设置于第一介质基板251的上表面(第一介质基板251的背离环形金属层220的一侧)。
在一些实施例中，十六个辐射贴片211的边可以平行于第一介质基板251的边。例如，如图26所示，辐射贴片211的第一边211a1可以平行于第一介质基板251的第一边2511，辐射贴片211的第二边211a2可以平行于第一介质基板251的第二边2512。
在一些实施例中，可以在第一介质基板251上通过刻蚀以形成辐射贴片层210。
结合图24和图26，环形金属层220可以与辐射贴片层210的周缘部分相对设置。也就是说，环形金属层220在第一方向的投影与辐射贴片层210的周缘部分在第一方向的投影重叠。其中，第一方向可以为垂直于辐射贴片层210的方向，即图24所示的x轴方向。
具体地，环形金属层220可以包括12段金属条221。12段金属条221可以组成一个四边形，该四边形的边可以与辐射贴片层210的边相对设置。
示例性地，如图26所示，12段金属条221可以包括金属条221a和221b。金属条221a和221b可以与辐射贴片211a和211b相对设置，如图24所示。也就是说，金属条221a和221b在第一方向(即z轴方向)的投影可以分别与辐射贴片211a和211b的边缘部分在第一方向(即z轴方向)的投影重叠。
此外，12段金属条221之间可以形成与6条第一缝隙212相对设置的多个第二缝隙223。例如，如图26所示，第二缝隙223可以包括第二缝隙223a、223b、223c和223d。其中，第二缝隙223a和223b可以和第一缝隙212a相对设置，第二缝隙223c和223d可以和第一缝隙212d相对设置。
环形金属层220上可以设置有多个金属柱222。多个金属柱222中的每个可以辐射贴片层210电连接。即环形金属层220可以通过多个金属柱222与辐射贴片层210实现电连接。
多个金属柱222的相关描述可以参见图2所示实施例中的金属柱131的相关描述，这里不再赘述。
在本申请提供的金属方案中，环形金属层220与多个金属柱222共同构成金属栅栏结构，即等效于栅栏状的耦合电容柱。这有利于扩大天线200辐射体的工作面积，从而可以在不影响辐射贴片层210工作模式的前提下，使天线200具有较低的剖面，有利于实现天线200的小型化。
应理解，为了满足实际生产和设计的不同需求，可以通过调整环形金属层220的结构尺寸以及多个金属柱222的数量、位置和高度等，以调整天线200的小型化程度。
应理解，上述调整天线200小型化程度的具体描述可以参见图2所示的实施例，这里不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，如图24所示，天线200还可以包括第五介质基板255。第五介质基板255可以设置于环形金属层220的背离辐射贴片层210的一侧，用于支撑环形金属层220。即环形金属层220可以设 置于第五介质基板255的上表面。
如图24所示，馈电结构230可以包括第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232，第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232可以与辐射贴片层210电连接，用于为天线200馈电。
当第一馈电端口231馈电时，辐射贴片层210上的电信号为第一电信号，当第二馈电端口232馈电时，辐射贴片层210的电信号为第二电信号，其中，第一电信号和第二电信号的幅值相等，相位相差180°±45°。即在第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232进行差分馈电，以实现圆极化，使得天线200可以产生极化为圆极化的侧射方向图。
在一些实施例中，第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232可以设置在第五介质基板255上。
在一些实施例中，馈电结构230可以包括第一馈线233、第二馈线234和第三馈线235。其中，第一馈线233和第二馈线234可以相互平行，第二馈线234和第三馈线235可以相互垂直。第一馈线233、第二馈线234和第三馈线235例如可以是但不限于探针、带状线或微带线。示例性地，本申请以第一馈线233为微带线，第二馈线234和第三馈线235为探针为例进行说明。
其中，第一馈线233的第一端可以与第二馈线234电连接，第二馈线234可以与辐射贴片层210电连接，以实现对辐射贴片层210馈电。第三馈线235可以与辐射贴片层210电连接，以实现对辐射贴片层210电连接。第一馈线233的第二端可以包括第一馈电端口231，第三馈线235上可以包括第二馈电端口232，以实现对第一馈线233和第三馈线235馈电。
应理解，相比于第三馈线235的馈电支路，第二馈线234的馈电支路中由于增加了第一馈线233作为传输线，能够使第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232同时馈电时，辐射贴片层210上的第一电信号和第二电信号的幅值相等，相位相差180°±45°，即进行差分馈电，从而使天线200可以产生极化为圆极化的侧射方向图。
在一些实施例中，第一馈线233的长度可以等于第一波长的二分之一。
应理解，第一波长可以为天线200的工作频段对应的波长。天线200的工作频段对应的波长可以理解为天线200的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长，或者，也可以理解为天线200的谐振频点对应的波长。
在一些实施例中，为进行避让设计，如图24所示，第一馈线233、第二馈线234和第三馈线235可以沿从环形金属层220到辐射贴片层210的方向依次间隔设置，以确保第一馈线233、第二馈线234和第三馈线235正常工作。
在一些实施例中，如图24所示，天线200还可以包括层叠设置的第三介质基板253和第四介质基板254，第三介质基板253和第四介质基板254可以辐射贴片层210和第一馈线233之间之间，分别用于支承第二馈线234和第三馈线235。即第二馈线234可以设置在第四介质基板254的上表面(第四介质基板254的背离第一馈线233的一侧)，第三馈线235可以设置第三介质基板253的上表面(第三介质基板253的背离第一馈线233的一侧)。
在一些实施例中，当第一馈电端口231设置在第五介质基板255上时，天线200还可以包括第一金属盲孔262和金属埋孔263，第一金属盲孔262的一端可以与第一馈电端口231电连接，第一金属盲孔262的另一端可以与第一馈线233的第一端电连接，即第一馈电端口231通过第一金属盲孔262与第一馈线233实现电连接。金属埋孔263的一端可以与第一馈线233的第二端电连接，金属埋孔263的另一端可以与第二馈线234电连接，即第一馈线233通过金属埋孔263与第二馈线234实现电连接。示例性地，当第二馈线234为探针时，第二馈线234与金属埋孔263电连接的位置可以靠近第二馈线234的端部。
在一些实施例中，当第二馈电端口232设置在第五介质基板255上时，天线200还可以包括第二金属盲孔261，第二金属盲孔261的一端可以与第二馈电端口232电连接，第二金属盲孔261的另一端可以与第三馈线235电连接，即第二馈电端口232通过第二金属盲孔261与第三馈线235实现电连接。示例性地，当第三馈线235为探针时，第三馈线235与第二金属盲孔261电连接的位置可以靠近第三馈线235的端部。
上述金属盲孔的描述可以参见图2所示实施例中的金属盲孔的相关描述，为避免重复，在此不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，天线200还可以包括接地层(图中未示出)，接地层可以位于环形金属层220的背离辐射贴片层210的一侧，且接地层可以作为天线200的地板。示例性地，接地层可以设置于第五介质基板255的下表面。
在一些实施例中，接地层可以包括第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232，即第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232可以穿过接地层。
在一些实施例中，天线200还可以包括第一馈电单元和第二馈电单元，第一馈电单元和第二馈电单元可以分别与第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232电连接，以对天线200馈电。
在一些实施例中，如图24所示，天线200还可以包括设置于辐射贴片层210和馈电结构230之间的匹配贴片层240。示例性地，匹配贴片层240可以位于辐射贴片层210和第三馈线235之间，并与辐射贴片层210耦合连接，与第二馈线234和第三馈线235电连接。
匹配贴片层240可以包括四个金属贴片241，且呈2×2的阵列分布。该匹配金属层240可以用于调谐天线200的阻抗，以实现阻抗匹配。
示例性地，多个金属柱222可以位于匹配贴片层240的外周，即匹配贴片层240在第一方向(即z轴方向)的投影与多个金属柱222在第一方向的投影不重叠。
在一些实施例中，天线200还可以包括第二介质基板252，第二介质基板252可以位于匹配贴片层240和第三馈线235之间，用于支撑匹配贴片层240。即匹配贴片层240可以设置于第二介质基板252的上表面(第二介质基板252的背离环形金属层220的一侧)。
示例性地，第一介质基板251、第二介质基板252、第三介质基板253、第四介质基板254和第五介质基板255的介电常数为2.9。
在一些实施例中，天线200还可以包括第六介质基板256，第六介质基板256可以位于第一介质基板251的背离第二介质基板252的一侧，第六介质基板256的上表面(第六介质基板256的背离第一介质基板251的一侧)可以不设置金属层，例如，第六介质基板256的上表面可以不覆铜。
示例性地，第六介质基板256的介电常数可以为7。
上述各介质基板的相关描述可以参见图2所示实施例，这里不再赘述。
图27是图24所示天线200的剖面尺寸示意图。
如图27所示，示例性地，第一介质基板251、第二介质基板252、第三介质基板253、第四介质基板254、第五介质基板255和第六介质基板256的厚度可以分别为0.15mm、0.15mm、0.05mm、0.15mm、0.1mm和0.8mm。
图28是天线200的各结构尺寸示意图。应理解，图28所示的各结构的尺寸仅是示意，并非是对本申请的限制。
应理解，图24所示实施例各结构的未详尽描述部分可以参见图2所示实施例，这里不再赘述。
在本申请实施例提供的技术方案中，通过第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232馈电，使天线200的辐射贴片层210上的电信号具有相位差，即实现对天线200的差分馈电，以实现呈侧射辐射特性的圆极化。此外，以呈网格状阵列分布的十六个辐射贴片211作为天线200的辐射体，在第一馈电端口231和第二馈电端口232馈电时，可以使天线200工作在双频段，有利于实现天线在超带宽UWB频段，例如UWB的Channel 5频段(5990.4MHz～6988.8MHz)和Channel 9频段(7499MHz～8486.4MHz)工作。此外，通过调节辐射贴片211之间缝隙的宽度，能够调节天线200的工作频段范围，有利于进一步拓宽天线200的带宽。
图29至图34是图24所示天线的仿真结果示意图。其中，图29是图24所示天线的反射系数的仿真结果图，图30是图24所示天线的轴比仿真结果图，图31和图32是图24所示天线的效率带宽仿真结果图，图33和图34是图24所示天线的圆极化增益仿真结果图。
如图29所示，该天线具有两个工作频段，其中两个工作频段可以覆盖UWB频段中的Channel 5和Channel 9双频段，中心频点为6.5GHz和8GHz，可以满足通信需求。并且，该天线实现较宽的阻抗带宽，以反射系数小于-6dB为界限，该天线的阻抗带宽为6.43GHz～6.55GHz和8.09GHz～8.19GHz。
如图30所示，该天线在6.5GHz和8.0GHz附近两个频段的轴比基本都小于3dB，该天线在UWB频段中的Channel 5和Channel 9两个频段内具有较好的圆极化辐射特性，可以满足通信需求。
结合图31和图32，该天线具有较宽的效率带宽，以效率带宽小于-6dB为界限，该天线的效率带宽为6.26GHz～6.85GHz以及7.95GHz～8.23GHz。
结合图33和图34，该天线在Channel 5频段(6.25GHz～6.75GHz)内的增益大于0.5dBic，在Channel 9频段(7.75GHz～8.25GHz)内约300MHz频段的增益大于0dBic，具有较为稳定的增益，可以满足通信需求。
图35是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz以及7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的xoy面的方向图。图36是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz以及7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的 yoz面的方向图。
结合图35和图36，在6.25GHz～6.75GHz，该天线的交叉极化小于-15dB，在7.75GHz～8.25GHz，该天线的交叉极化小于-10dB，具有较低的交叉极化，可以满足通信需求。
图37是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz以及7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的xoy面的轴比方向图。图38是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz以及7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的yoz面的轴比方向图。
结合图37和图38，该天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz以及7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz都实现了较宽的轴比角度。其中，该天线在上述各频点对应的xoy面和xoz面的轴比角度如表2所示。
表2
图39是图24所示天线在6.5GHz和8.0GHz的方向图。如图39所示，在6.5GHz和8.0GHz，该天线实现大于1dBic的圆极化增益，并且最大增益出现在0°角，该天线具有侧射辐射的特性，可以满足通信需求。
图40是图24所示天线在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz的方向图。如图40所示，在6.35GHz、6.5GHz和6.75GHz，该天线的方向图的波束覆盖角可以为±40°，具有较宽的波束覆盖角，可以满足通信需求。
图41是图2所示天线在7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz的方向图。如图41所示，在7.75GHz、8.0GHz和8.15GHz，该天线的方向图的波束覆盖角可以为±39°，具有较宽的波束覆盖角，可以满足通信需求。
图42是本申请实施例提供的一种天线阵列300的结构示意图。天线阵列300可以应用于图1所示的电子设备10中。
天线阵列300可以包括多个天线，该天线可以是图2所示的天线200。
应理解，本申请对天线阵列300中的天线的个数不作限制。此外，关于天线100的描述可以参见上文的相关描述，这里不再赘述。
在一个示例中，如图42所示，天线阵列300可以包括3个天线100，该3个天线100可以呈2排2列分布。
在一些实施例中，为实现天线阵列300小型化的需求，天线阵列300中的相邻两个天线100之间的距离L1可以小于或等于第一波长的十分之一。示例性地，天线阵列300的横向尺寸可以为35mm×35mm。
应理解，第一波长的描述可以参见上文，这里不再赘述。
图43是图42所示天线阵列300包括3个天线100时的S参数的仿真结果图。
如图43所示的S参数的三条曲线L01、L02和L03所示，在Channel 5频段，天线阵列300中的每个天线100之间的单元隔离度大于16dB，在Channel 9频段，天线阵列300中的每个天线100之间的单元隔离度大于19dB，具有良好的隔离度，满足通信需求。
下表3进一步示例性示出了当天线阵列300包括3个天线100时的相关参数。
表3

需要说明的是，表3中的介质厚度可以理解为图2所示的第一介质基板171、第二介质基板172、第三介质基板173、第四介质基板174和第五介质基板175的总厚度。
应理解，可以通过调整天线100中的辐射贴片111之间的缝隙宽度，以调整上述表3所示的天线阵列300的相关参数。例如，下表4示意性示出不同缝隙宽度对应的天线阵列300的相关参数。
表4
本申请提供的天线阵列300具有低剖面、双宽频、小型化以及较宽的轴比带宽，适用于以手机为代表的小型电子设备的内置定位天线系统中。
图44是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线阵列400的结构示意图。天线阵列400可以应用于图1所示的电子设备10中。
与图42所示的天线阵列300类似，天线阵列400可以包括多个天线。
与图42所示的天线阵列300不同的是，天线阵列400中的天线可以是图24所示的天线300。
应理解，本申请对天线阵列400中的天线的个数不作限制。此外，关于天线200的描述可以参见上文的相关描述，这里不再赘述。
在一个示例中，如图44所示，天线阵列400可以包括3个天线200，该3个天线200可以呈2排2列分布。
应理解，天线阵列400的描述可以参见上文天线阵列300的相关描述，这里不在赘述。
图45和图46是图44所示天线阵列400包括3个天线200时的S参数的仿真结果图。
结合图45所示的S参数的三条曲线L11、L12和L13和图46所示的S参数的三条曲线L21、L22和L23，在Channel 5频段，天线阵列400中的每个天线200之间的单元隔离度大于16.5dB，在Channel 9频段，天线阵列400中的每个天线200之间的单元隔离度大于16dB，具有良好的隔离度，满足通信需求。
应理解，当天线阵列400包括3个天线200时，天线阵列400也可以实现上述表3所示的相关参数。 并且，可以通过调整天线200中的辐射贴片211之间的缝隙宽度，以调整上述表4所示的天线阵列300的相关参数。例如，下表5示意性示出不同缝隙宽度对应的天线阵列400的相关参数。
表5
本申请提供的天线阵列400具有低剖面、双宽频、小型化以及较宽的轴比带宽，适用于以手机为代表的小型电子设备的内置定位天线系统中，并且通过天线间的协同工作可以实现水平方向和垂直方向的定位功能。
本领域技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的之间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性或其它的形式。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：辐射贴片层、环形金属层、第一金属层和馈电单元，所述环形金属层位于所述辐射贴片层和所述第一金属层之间，
    其中，所述辐射贴片层包括四个辐射贴片，所述四个辐射贴片呈2×2的阵列分布；
    所述环形金属层与所述辐射贴片层的周缘部分相对设置，所述环形金属层与所述辐射贴片层耦合连接；
    所述第一金属层的朝向所述环形金属层的一侧设置有多个金属柱，所述多个金属柱中的每个与所述环形金属层电连接；
    所述馈电单元与所述辐射贴片层电连接，所述馈电单元馈电时，在所述四个辐射贴片的顺时针排列方向上，相邻的两个所述辐射贴片上的电信号之间具有第一相位差。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一相位差为90°±45°。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括馈电结构，所述馈电结构包括四个馈电探针和旋转馈电网络；
    所述四个馈电探针设于所述环形金属层和所述第一金属层之间，所述旋转馈电网络设于所述第一金属层的背离所述环形金属层的一侧；
    所述旋转馈电网络包括公共输入端口和四个分支输出端口，
    所述馈电单元与所述公共输入端口电连接，所述公共输入端口与所述四个分支输出端口电连接，所述四个分支输出端口分别与所述四个馈电探针电连接，所述四个馈电探针分别与所述四个辐射贴片电连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电探针在第一方向的投影位于所述环形贴片层在所述第一方向的投影的内周，所述第一方向为垂直于所述辐射贴片层的方向。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括接地层，所述接地层位于所述旋转馈电网络的背离所述第一金属层的一侧，
    所述接地层上设置有馈电端口，所述馈电端口与所述公共输入端口电连接，所述馈电端口与所述馈电单元电连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括依次层叠设置的第一介质基板、第二介质基板、第三介质基板、第四介质基板和第五介质基板，
    所述辐射贴片层设置于所述第一介质基板的背离所述第二介质基板的一侧表面；
    所述环形金属层设置于所述第二介质基板的背离所述第三介质基板的一侧表面；
    所述四个馈电探针设置于所述第三介质基板的背离所述第四介质基板的一侧表面；
    所述第一金属层设置于所述第四介质基板的背离所述第五介质基板的一侧表面；
    所述旋转馈电网络设置于所述第五介质基板的朝向所述第四介质基板的一侧表面，所述接地层设置于所述第五介质基板的背离所述第四介质基板的一侧表面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一介质基板、所述第二介质基板、所述第三介质基板、所述第四介质基板和所述第五介质基板的总厚度小于或等于0.7mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述环形金属层包括四个L型金属条，所述L型金属条构成一个四边形，所述四边形的边与所述辐射贴片层的边相对设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，在所述阵列的行方向和列方向上，相邻的两个所述辐射贴片之间具有缝隙。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线，其特征在于，所述缝隙的宽度大于或等于0.1mm，且小于或等于0.6mm。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线的工作频段包括5990.4MHz～6988.8MHz和7499MHz～8486.4MHz。
  12. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：辐射贴片层、环形金属层和馈电结构，所述馈电结构位于所述辐射贴片层和所述环形金属层之间；
    所述辐射贴片层包括十六个辐射贴片，所述十六个辐射贴片呈4×4的阵列分布；
    所述环形金属层与所述辐射贴片层的周缘部分相对设置，所述环形金属层的朝向所述辐射贴片层的一侧设置有多个金属柱，所述多个金属柱中的每个与所述辐射贴片层电连接；
    所述馈电结构包括第一馈电端口和第二馈电端口，所述第一馈电端口和所述第二馈电端口与所述辐射贴片层电连接，
    所述第一馈电端口馈电时，所述辐射贴片层上的电信号为第一电信号，所述第二馈电端口馈电时，所述辐射贴片层上的电信号为第二电信号，
    其中，所述第一电信号和所述第二电信号幅值相等，相位相差180°±45°。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电结构包括第一馈线、第二馈线和第三馈线，所述第一馈线和所述第二馈线平行，所述第二馈线和所述第三馈线垂直；
    其中，所述第一馈线的第一端与所述第二馈线电连接，所述第二馈线与所述辐射贴片层电连接；
    所述第三馈线与所述辐射贴片层电连接；
    所述第一馈线的第二端包括所述第一馈电端口，所述第三馈线包括所述第二馈电端口。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一馈线的长度等于第一波长的二分之一，所述第一波长为所述天线的工作频段对应的波长。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一馈线、所述第二馈线和所述第三馈线沿从所述环形金属层到所述辐射贴片层的方向依次设置。
  16. 根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括匹配贴片层，所述匹配贴片层位于所述辐射贴片层和所述馈电结构之间，且所述匹配贴片层与所述辐射贴片层耦合连接，所述匹配贴片层与所述第二馈线和所述第三馈线电连接；
    所述匹配贴片层包括四个金属贴片，所述四个金属贴片呈2×2的阵列分布。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的天线，其特征在于，所述多个金属柱位于所述匹配贴片层的外周。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括依次层叠设置的第一介质基板、第二介质基板、第三介质基板、第四介质基板和第五介质基板，
    所述辐射贴片层设置于所述第一介质基板的背离所述第二介质基板的一侧表面；
    所述匹配贴片层设置于所述第二介质基板的背离所述第三介质基板的一侧表面；
    所述第三馈线设置于所述第三介质基板的背离所述第四介质基板的一侧表面；
    所述第二馈线设置于所述第四介质基板的背离所述第五介质基板的一侧表面；
    所述第一馈线设置于所述第五介质基板的朝向所述第四介质基板的一侧表面。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一介质基板、所述第二介质基板、所述第三介质基板、所述第四介质基板和所述第五介质基板的总厚度小于或等于0.7mm。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括接地层，所述接地层位于所述第五介质基板的背离所述第四介质基板的一侧表面，
    所述接地层包括所述第一馈电端口和所述第二馈电端口。
  21. 根据权利要求12至20中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述环形金属层包括十二段金属条，所述十二段金属条构成一个四边形，所述四边形的边与所述辐射贴片层的边相对设置。
  22. 根据权利要求12至21中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，在所述阵列的行方向和列方向上，相邻的两个所述辐射贴片之间具有缝隙。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的天线，其特征在于，所述缝隙的宽度大于或等于0.1mm，且小于或等于0.6mm。
  24. 根据权利要求12至23中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线的工作频段包括5990.4MHz～6988.8MHz和7499MHz～8486.4MHz。
  25. 一种天线阵列，其特征在于，包括多个如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的天线，或者包括多个如权利要求12至24中任一项所述的天线。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，相邻的两个所述天线之间的距离小于或等于第一波长的十分之一，所述第一波长为所述天线的工作频段对应的波长。
  27. 根据权利要求25或26所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述天线阵列包括3个所述天线，3个所述天线呈2排2列分布。
  28. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求25至27中任一项所述的天线阵列。
PCT/CN2023/123681 2022-10-21 2023-10-10 天线、天线阵列和电子设备 WO2024082994A1 (zh)

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