WO2024082531A1 - Soil improvement material, preparation method therefor and use thereof - Google Patents

Soil improvement material, preparation method therefor and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024082531A1
WO2024082531A1 PCT/CN2023/081780 CN2023081780W WO2024082531A1 WO 2024082531 A1 WO2024082531 A1 WO 2024082531A1 CN 2023081780 W CN2023081780 W CN 2023081780W WO 2024082531 A1 WO2024082531 A1 WO 2024082531A1
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Prior art keywords
soil improvement
improvement material
waste
parts
soil
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PCT/CN2023/081780
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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王芳
王琼
孙伟
龚雪刚
潘翰林
童震松
石培良
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矿冶科技集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2024082531A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024082531A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of solid waste treatment, and in particular to a soil improvement material and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Ammonia is alkaline and can be applied to the soil as fertilizer for plant absorption. Ammonia emissions occur in the process of chemical, nonferrous metal and other industrial production and waste gas denitrification.
  • the most common method for treating ammonia is adsorption.
  • Commonly used porous materials include activated carbon, molecular sieves, zeolites, etc. When the physical activity of the porous adsorbent reaches a certain saturation, it loses its adsorption capacity. The discarded ammonia adsorbent after adsorption saturation is generally stored or landfilled as general industrial solid waste, resulting in site waste and secondary pollution.
  • Metal mines have a large proportion of sulfides in minerals, among which copper mines are the most typical. Copper mine waste rocks are piled in the open air. Under the catalytic action of microorganisms such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, the sulfur and metal sulfides in the waste rocks are oxidized, and after being washed by rainwater, acid mine wastewater is formed. The pH value of acidic wastewater is extremely low, and it contains metal ions such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Al, and SO 4 2-, which will cause pollution and damage to the environment. In the process of vegetation restoration in the waste rock dump, the acid-producing environment of the dump itself seriously restricts the normal growth of plants.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a soil improvement material and a preparation method and application thereof to solve the above problems.
  • a soil improvement material the raw materials of which are calculated by weight and include:
  • waste ammonia adsorbent 10-20 parts of plant gum, 0-20 parts of biochar, and 3-10 parts of adhesive;
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is a waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve, zeolite, silica gel, and graphene oxide.
  • the raw material of the biochar is selected from one or more of wood chips, bamboo charcoal and rice husk.
  • the plant gum is a natural plant gum, comprising galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water and inorganic elements;
  • the inorganic elements include calcium and magnesium.
  • the adhesive comprises a biological adhesive and/or an inorganic adhesive
  • the inorganic binder includes bentonite.
  • the adhesive is a bioadhesive.
  • the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent is activated carbon.
  • a method for preparing the soil improvement material comprises:
  • the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent contains activated carbon
  • the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, and the waste ammonia adsorbent is coated to obtain the soil improvement material
  • the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, the waste ammonia adsorbent is mixed with the biochar and then granulated repeatedly, and then coated to obtain the soil improvement material.
  • water is added during the mixing process, and the mixing further comprises: drying.
  • the water content of the obtained mixture is 10-15%;
  • the particle size of the soil improvement material is 4-6 mm.
  • An application of the soil improvement material is used for improving acidic soil.
  • the soil improvement material provided by the present application effectively utilizes waste ammonia adsorbents in industrial production for the improvement of acidic soil in copper mines, thereby solving the problems of land occupation and environmental pollution caused by the disposal of waste adsorbents; the plant gum is uniformly attached to the surface of the waste ammonia adsorbent particles under the action of the adhesive to form a wrapping structure.
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent can have excellent sustained-release properties, which can effectively reduce the volatilization of ammonia, prolong the release time of ammonia, and reduce the stimulation of ammonia to vegetation, thereby improving the survival rate of plants.
  • the alkaline substances dissolved in the waste ammonia adsorbent can neutralize the pH value of acidic soil, and can effectively improve the acidity of the soil after application; the ammonia dissolved in the waste ammonia adsorbent reacts with copper ions, zinc ions, iron ions, etc. in the soil, and is converted into hydroxide precipitates, which effectively solidifies heavy metal ions and reduces the emission of heavy metal ions in acidic leaching water; slow-release, low-concentration ammonia can be absorbed by plants as nitrogen nutrition, which is beneficial to plant growth; the matrix materials such as activated carbon, molecular sieves, zeolites, etc.
  • the preparation method of the soil improvement material provided in the present application is simple to operate and low in cost.
  • the soil improvement material provided in the present application can be widely used for the improvement of acidic soil, especially for the restoration of copper mine soil.
  • FIG1 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the soil improvement material obtained in Example 1;
  • FIG2 is a partial enlarged view of the cross-sectional structure of the soil improvement material obtained in Example 1;
  • FIG3 is a surface structure diagram of the soil improvement material obtained in Example 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the surface structure of the soil improvement material obtained in Example 1.
  • compositions, processes, methods, articles, or apparatus that comprises the listed elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
  • Parts by mass refers to the basic unit of measurement for expressing the mass ratio of multiple components. 1 part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that the mass of component A is a parts and the mass of component B is b parts, it means the ratio of the mass of component A to the mass of component B is a:b. Alternatively, it means that the mass of component A is aK and the mass of component B is bK (K is an arbitrary number, indicating a multiple factor). It should not be misunderstood that, unlike the mass parts, the sum of the mass of all components is not limited to 100 parts.
  • a and/or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).
  • a soil improvement material the raw materials of which are calculated by weight and include:
  • waste ammonia adsorbent 10-20 parts of plant gum, 0-20 parts of biochar, and 3-10 parts of adhesive;
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is a waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve, zeolite, silica gel, and graphene oxide.
  • the adsorption matrix referred to herein may be a corresponding raw material or a modified material, such as a molecular sieve or a modified molecular sieve.
  • Waste ammonia adsorbent belongs to general Class I industrial solid waste, and its main components are porous adsorption matrix and adsorbed ammonia.
  • Ammonia forms ammonia water under precipitation conditions, and the dissolved ammonia can neutralize the pH value of acidic soil. After application, it can effectively improve the acidity of the soil.
  • the dissolved ammonia reacts with copper ions, zinc ions, iron ions, etc. in the soil, and is converted into hydroxide precipitation, which effectively solidifies heavy metal ions and reduces the emission of heavy metal ions in acidic leaching water.
  • Ammonia has two-sided effects on plants. On the one hand, it promotes plant growth as a fertilizer. On the other hand, short-term and large-scale emissions of high-concentration ammonia are corrosive to plants and damage plant growth.
  • the coating effect of plant gum can make the crushed waste ammonia adsorbent particles have good slow-release properties, which can effectively reduce the volatilization of ammonia, prolong the release time of ammonia, and reduce the stimulation of ammonia to vegetation, thereby improving the survival rate of plants.
  • plant gum can significantly enhance the soil agglomeration effect, increase the organic matter content, and improve the water and fertilizer retention performance.
  • the raw materials for soil improvement materials are calculated in parts by weight, and the amount of waste ammonia adsorbent can be 60 parts, 65 parts, 70 parts or any value between 60-70 parts, the amount of plant gum can be 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts or any value between 10-20 parts, the amount of biochar can be 0 parts, 1 parts, 5 parts, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts or any value between 0-20 parts, and the amount of adhesive can be 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts or any value between 3-10 parts.
  • the raw material of the biochar is selected from one or more of wood chips, bamboo charcoal and rice husks.
  • Biochar is alkaline and has a good effect on improving soil. Applying it to the soil can increase the pH value of acidic soil.
  • Biochar has a complex porous structure and a large specific surface area, which can increase soil permeability, improve soil aggregates, absorb more water and nutrient ions, and increase soil water capacity and nutrient absorption capacity.
  • Biochar contains a certain amount of easily decomposable organic compounds, which can be used as a carbon source by soil microorganisms, which can increase the biomass and activity of soil microorganisms and is conducive to the growth of microbial communities in the soil.
  • the raw material for preparing biochar is preferably rice husk.
  • the rice husk is a product of rice processing.
  • the rice husk is rich in cellulose, lignin, and silicon dioxide. The higher the silicon content in the rice husk, the harder it is and the stronger its wear resistance is. It is a solid waste resource that can be recycled.
  • the plant gum is a natural plant gum, comprising galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water and inorganic elements;
  • the inorganic elements include calcium and magnesium.
  • the plant gum swells and hydrates in water to form a high-viscosity sol liquid, and its viscosity increases significantly with the increase of powder concentration.
  • the plant gum adheres to the surface of the waste adsorbent particles and easily forms a wrapping structure.
  • the adhesive comprises a biological adhesive and/or an inorganic adhesive
  • the inorganic binder includes bentonite.
  • the adhesive is a bioadhesive.
  • the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent is activated carbon, and the soil improvement material does not add the biochar.
  • a method for preparing the soil improvement material comprises:
  • the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent contains activated carbon
  • the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, and the waste ammonia adsorbent is coated to obtain the soil improvement material
  • the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, the waste ammonia adsorbent is mixed with the biochar and then granulated repeatedly, and then coated to obtain the soil improvement material.
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed before use, and the particle size of the crushed particles is 3-5 mm.
  • the particle size of the crushed particles can be 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm or any value between 3-5 mm.
  • water is added during the mixing process, and the mixing further includes: drying.
  • the water content of the obtained mixture is 10-15%
  • the particle size of the obtained soil improvement material is 4-6 mm.
  • the moisture content of the mixture can be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15% or any value between 10-15%;
  • the particle size of the granules obtained by granulation can be 4mm, 5mm, 6mm or any value between 4-6mm.
  • Drying is usually carried out by natural drying at room temperature.
  • An application of the soil improvement material is used for improving acidic soil.
  • This embodiment provides a soil improvement material, including: 70g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 12g of plant glue, and 5g of adhesive.
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is a waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is activated carbon.
  • the plant gum is a natural plant gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
  • the preparation method of the above soil improvement material is as follows:
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed to 3 mm, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 10%, the waste ammonia adsorbent is coated to obtain particles with a particle size of 3-4 mm, and the particles are dried to obtain a soil improvement material.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The cross-sectional structure of the soil improvement material is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , and the surface structure of the soil improvement material is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • the surface of the waste adsorbent that has adsorbed ammonia presents a porous structure, and the adsorbed ammonia can be easily released in a short time; it can be seen from the surface structure of the soil improvement material that a plant gum-coated film is formed on the surface of the waste ammonia adsorbent, which gives the material a sustained-release property and prolongs the ammonia release time.
  • This embodiment provides a soil improvement material, including: 65g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 10g of plant glue, 10g of biochar, and 5g of adhesive.
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is the waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is activated carbon and zeolite.
  • the raw material of biochar is rice husk.
  • the plant gum is a natural plant gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
  • the preparation method of the above soil improvement material is as follows:
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed into 1 mm, the biochar is mixed with the waste ammonia adsorbent and then repeatedly granulated to form 3 mm particles, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 10%, the particles are coated to a particle size of 3-4 mm, and dried to obtain a soil improvement material.
  • This embodiment provides a soil improvement material, including: 70g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 15g of plant gum, 5g of biochar, and 3g of adhesive.
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is the waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is activated carbon and zeolite.
  • the raw material of biochar is rice husk.
  • the plant gum is a natural plant gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
  • the preparation method of the above soil improvement material is as follows:
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed into 1 mm, the biochar is mixed with the waste ammonia adsorbent and then repeatedly granulated to form 3 mm particles, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 10%, the particles are coated to a particle size of 3-4 mm, and dried to obtain a soil improvement material.
  • This embodiment provides a soil improvement material, including: 60g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 15g of plant glue, 15g of biochar, and 5g of adhesive.
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is the waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is activated carbon and zeolite.
  • the raw material of biochar is rice husk.
  • the plant gum is a natural plant gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
  • the preparation method of the above soil improvement material is as follows:
  • the waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed into 1 mm, the biochar is mixed with the waste ammonia adsorbent and then repeatedly granulated to form 3 mm particles, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 10%, the particles are coated to a particle size of 3-4 mm, and dried to obtain a soil improvement material.
  • a total of three verification blocks are designed, marked as block A (comparative example 1), block B (comparative example 2), and block C (embodiment 1).
  • This comparative example provides a soil improvement material, including: 60g of waste ammonia adsorbent (the matrix does not contain activated carbon) and 20g of biochar.
  • This comparative example provides a soil improvement material, including: 20g of plant gum, 70g of biochar, and 5g of adhesive (hydroxymethyl cellulose).
  • the effects of different blocks on the germination rate, biomass, vegetation coverage, and soil pH, bulk density, and electrical conductivity of broadleaf grass are shown in Table 1.
  • the vegetation germination rate, biomass, and vegetation coverage were all determined by the sample plot measurement method, the soil pH was determined by the potentiometric method, the soil bulk density was determined by the ring knife method, and the soil conductivity was determined by the electrode method.
  • block C was significantly higher than the control block (blocks A and B lacking specific components), indicating that the improvement effect of soil improvement materials was significantly better than that of traditional acidic improvement materials.
  • the present application provides a method for improving acidic soil in copper mines by using waste ammonia adsorbents from industrial production, which solves the problems of land occupation and environmental pollution caused by the disposal of waste adsorbents, and provides a new method for improving acidic soil in copper mines.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of solid waste treatment, and provides a soil improvement material, a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. The soil improvement material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60- 70 parts waste ammonia adsorbent, 10- 20 parts vegetable glue, 0- 20 parts biochar, 3- 10 parts binder; the waste ammonia gas adsorbent is a waste adsorbent generated by industrial ammonia gas adsorption treatment, and the adsorption matrix thereof is one or more of activated carbon, a molecular sieve and zeolite. The preparation method of the soil improvement material comprises: mixing the raw materials to obtain the soil improvement material. The soil improvement material may be used to improve acidic soil. The soil improvement material provided by the present application effectively uses a waste ammonia gas adsorbent from industrial production to improve the copper mine acidic soil, and solves the problems of land occupation and environmental pollution caused by disposal of waste adsorbent. By means of the coating effect of the vegetable glue, the soil improvement material exhibits excellent slow-release performance, resulting in an improved plant survival rate.

Description

土壤改良材料及其制备方法和应用Soil improvement material and preparation method and application thereof 技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及固体废弃物处理领域，尤其涉及一种土壤改良材料及其制备方法和应用。The present application relates to the field of solid waste treatment, and in particular to a soil improvement material and a preparation method and application thereof.
背景技术Background technique
氨呈碱性,可作为肥料施用于土壤，供植物吸收利用。化工、有色等工业生产，废气脱硝等过程中均存在氨气排放。处理氨气的最常用方法为吸附法，常用的多孔材料有活性炭、分子筛、沸石等。当多孔吸附剂物理活性达到一定的饱和度后，则丧失了吸附能力。吸附饱和后的废弃氨气吸附剂一般作为一般工业固体废物堆存或填埋处理，造成场地浪费和二次污染。Ammonia is alkaline and can be applied to the soil as fertilizer for plant absorption. Ammonia emissions occur in the process of chemical, nonferrous metal and other industrial production and waste gas denitrification. The most common method for treating ammonia is adsorption. Commonly used porous materials include activated carbon, molecular sieves, zeolites, etc. When the physical activity of the porous adsorbent reaches a certain saturation, it loses its adsorption capacity. The discarded ammonia adsorbent after adsorption saturation is generally stored or landfilled as general industrial solid waste, resulting in site waste and secondary pollution.
金属矿山以硫化物赋存于矿物中的比例很大，其中以铜矿山最为典型。铜矿山废石堆放于露天，在氧化铁硫杆菌、氧化硫硫杆菌等微生物的催化作用下，废石中的硫和金属硫化物被氧化，经过雨水冲刷，形成了矿山酸性废水。酸性废水的pH值极低，且含有Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Al等金属离子及SO 4 2-，会对环境造成污染和破坏。在废石场植被恢复的过程中，堆场本身的产酸环境严重制约了植物的正常生长。Metal mines have a large proportion of sulfides in minerals, among which copper mines are the most typical. Copper mine waste rocks are piled in the open air. Under the catalytic action of microorganisms such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, the sulfur and metal sulfides in the waste rocks are oxidized, and after being washed by rainwater, acid mine wastewater is formed. The pH value of acidic wastewater is extremely low, and it contains metal ions such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Al, and SO 4 2-, which will cause pollution and damage to the environment. In the process of vegetation restoration in the waste rock dump, the acid-producing environment of the dump itself seriously restricts the normal growth of plants.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请的目的在于提供一种土壤改良材料及其制备方法和应用，以解决上述问题。The purpose of this application is to provide a soil improvement material and a preparation method and application thereof to solve the above problems.
为实现以上目的，本申请采用以下技术方案：To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:
一种土壤改良材料，其原料以重量份数计算，包括：A soil improvement material, the raw materials of which are calculated by weight and include:
废弃氨气吸附剂60-70份、植物胶10-20份，生物炭0-20份，粘合剂3-10份；60-70 parts of waste ammonia adsorbent, 10-20 parts of plant gum, 0-20 parts of biochar, and 3-10 parts of adhesive;
所述废弃氨气吸附剂为工业氨气吸附处理产生的废弃吸附剂，其吸附基质为活性炭、分子筛、沸石、硅胶、氧化石墨烯中的一种或多种。The waste ammonia adsorbent is a waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve, zeolite, silica gel, and graphene oxide.
优选地，所述生物炭的原料选自木屑、竹炭和稻壳中的一种或多种。Preferably, the raw material of the biochar is selected from one or more of wood chips, bamboo charcoal and rice husk.
优选地，所述植物胶为天然植物胶，包括半乳甘露聚糖、蛋白质、纤维素、水和无机元素；Preferably, the plant gum is a natural plant gum, comprising galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water and inorganic elements;
所述无机元素包括钙和镁。The inorganic elements include calcium and magnesium.
优选地，所述粘合剂包括生物粘合剂和/或无机粘合剂；Preferably, the adhesive comprises a biological adhesive and/or an inorganic adhesive;
所述无机粘合剂包括膨润土。The inorganic binder includes bentonite.
优选地，所述粘合剂为生物粘合剂。Preferably, the adhesive is a bioadhesive.
优选地，所述废弃氨气吸附剂的吸附基质为活性炭。 Preferably, the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent is activated carbon.
一种所述的土壤改良材料的制备方法，包括：A method for preparing the soil improvement material comprises:
所述废弃氨气吸附剂的吸附基质中含有活性炭时，将所述植物胶、所述粘合剂混合形成胶状溶液，对所述废弃氨气吸附剂进行覆膜，得到所述土壤改良材料；When the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent contains activated carbon, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, and the waste ammonia adsorbent is coated to obtain the soil improvement material;
所述废弃氨气吸附剂的吸附基质中不含活性炭时，将所述植物胶、所述粘合剂混合形成胶状溶液，所述废弃氨气吸附剂与所述生物炭混合后重复造粒，然后进行覆膜，得到所述土壤改良材料。When the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent does not contain activated carbon, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, the waste ammonia adsorbent is mixed with the biochar and then granulated repeatedly, and then coated to obtain the soil improvement material.
优选地，所述混合过程中加入水，所述混合之后还包括：干燥。Preferably, water is added during the mixing process, and the mixing further comprises: drying.
优选地，加入所述水之后，得到的混合物的含水率为10-15％；Preferably, after adding the water, the water content of the obtained mixture is 10-15%;
所述土壤改良材料的粒径为4-6mm。The particle size of the soil improvement material is 4-6 mm.
一种所述的土壤改良材料的应用，用于改良酸性土壤。An application of the soil improvement material is used for improving acidic soil.
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果包括：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application include:
本申请提供的土壤改良材料，有效利用工业生产中的废弃氨气吸附剂用于铜矿山酸性土壤改良，解决了废弃吸附剂处置造成的土地占用和环境污染问题；植物胶在粘合剂的作用下均匀的附着在废弃氨气吸附剂颗粒表面，形成包裹结构，通过植物胶的包覆效果，可以使得废弃氨气吸附剂具有很好的缓释性能，能够有效减少氨的挥发，延长氨气释放时间，降低氨气对植被的刺激，从而提高植物成活率。The soil improvement material provided by the present application effectively utilizes waste ammonia adsorbents in industrial production for the improvement of acidic soil in copper mines, thereby solving the problems of land occupation and environmental pollution caused by the disposal of waste adsorbents; the plant gum is uniformly attached to the surface of the waste ammonia adsorbent particles under the action of the adhesive to form a wrapping structure. Through the coating effect of the plant gum, the waste ammonia adsorbent can have excellent sustained-release properties, which can effectively reduce the volatilization of ammonia, prolong the release time of ammonia, and reduce the stimulation of ammonia to vegetation, thereby improving the survival rate of plants.
作为土壤改良剂，废弃氨气吸附剂中溶出的碱性物质可中和酸性土壤的pH值，施用后可有效改善土壤酸性；废弃氨气吸附剂中溶出的氨与土壤中的铜离子、锌离子、铁离子等发生反应，转化为氢氧化物沉淀，有效固化重金属离子，减少酸性淋溶水中的重金属离子排放；缓释、低浓度的氨气可被植物吸收作为氮素营养，有利于植物生长；废弃氨气吸附剂中的活性炭、分子筛、沸石等基质材料具有发达的孔隙结构和较好的吸水性，增加了土壤环境与大气、降水的交互，保证了土壤孔隙中氧浓度，调节和平衡土壤湿度，有利于酸性土壤的自我修复和植物的生长；植物胶可以显著增强土壤团聚效应，增加有机质含量，提高保水保肥性能。As a soil conditioner, the alkaline substances dissolved in the waste ammonia adsorbent can neutralize the pH value of acidic soil, and can effectively improve the acidity of the soil after application; the ammonia dissolved in the waste ammonia adsorbent reacts with copper ions, zinc ions, iron ions, etc. in the soil, and is converted into hydroxide precipitates, which effectively solidifies heavy metal ions and reduces the emission of heavy metal ions in acidic leaching water; slow-release, low-concentration ammonia can be absorbed by plants as nitrogen nutrition, which is beneficial to plant growth; the matrix materials such as activated carbon, molecular sieves, zeolites, etc. in the waste ammonia adsorbent have a developed pore structure and good water absorption, which increases the interaction between the soil environment and the atmosphere and precipitation, ensures the oxygen concentration in the soil pores, regulates and balances soil moisture, and is beneficial to the self-repair of acidic soil and plant growth; plant gum can significantly enhance the soil aggregation effect, increase the organic matter content, and improve the water and fertilizer retention properties.
本申请提供的土壤改良材料的制备方法，操作简单，成本低。The preparation method of the soil improvement material provided in the present application is simple to operate and low in cost.
本申请提供的土壤改良材料可广泛用于酸性土壤的改良，尤其是铜矿山土壤修复。The soil improvement material provided in the present application can be widely used for the improvement of acidic soil, especially for the restoration of copper mine soil.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对本申请范围的限定。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application.
图1为实施例1得到的土壤改良材料横截面结构图；FIG1 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the soil improvement material obtained in Example 1;
图2为实施例1得到的土壤改良材料横截面结构图的局部放大图； FIG2 is a partial enlarged view of the cross-sectional structure of the soil improvement material obtained in Example 1;
图3为实施例1得到的土壤改良材料表面结构图；FIG3 is a surface structure diagram of the soil improvement material obtained in Example 1;
图4为实施例1得到的土壤改良材料表面结构图的局部放大图。FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the surface structure of the soil improvement material obtained in Example 1.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如本文所用之术语：As used herein:
“由……制备”与“包含”同义。本文中所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或其任何其它变形，意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如，包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素，而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。"Prepared from" is synonymous with "comprising." As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the listed elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
连接词“由……组成”排除任何未指出的要素、步骤或组分。如果用于权利要求中，此短语将使权利要求为封闭式，使其不包含除那些描述的材料以外的材料，但与其相关的常规杂质除外。当短语“由……组成”出现在权利要求主体的子句中而不是紧接在主题之后时，其仅限定在该子句中描述的要素；其它要素并不被排除在作为整体的所述权利要求之外。The conjunction "consisting of excludes any unspecified element, step, or component. If used in a claim, this phrase renders the claim closed-ended so that it does not include materials other than those described, except for conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of" appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following the subject matter, it limits only the elements described in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.
当量、浓度、或者其它值或参数以范围、优选范围、或一系列上限优选值和下限优选值限定的范围表示时，这应当被理解为具体公开了由任何范围上限或优选值与任何范围下限或优选值的任一配对所形成的所有范围，而不论该范围是否单独公开了。例如，当公开了范围“1～5”时，所描述的范围应被解释为包括范围“1～4”、“1～3”、“1～2”、“1～2和4～5”、“1～3和5”等。当数值范围在本文中被描述时，除非另外说明，否则该范围意图包括其端值和在该范围内的所有整数和分数。When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper preferred values and lower preferred values, this should be understood to specifically disclose all ranges formed by any pairing of any range upper limit or preferred value with any range lower limit or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed separately. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", etc. When a numerical range is described in this article, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its end values and all integers and fractions within the range.
在这些实施例中，除非另有指明，所述的份和百分比均按质量计。In these examples, parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
“质量份”指表示多个组分的质量比例关系的基本计量单位，1份可表示任意的单位质量，如可以表示为1g，也可表示2.689g等。假如我们说A组分的质量份为a份，B组分的质量份为b份，则表示A组分的质量和B组分的质量之比a：b。或者，表示A组分的质量为aK，B组分的质量为bK(K为任意数，表示倍数因子)。不可误解的是，与质量份数不同的是，所有组分的质量份之和并不受限于100份之限制。"Parts by mass" refers to the basic unit of measurement for expressing the mass ratio of multiple components. 1 part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that the mass of component A is a parts and the mass of component B is b parts, it means the ratio of the mass of component A to the mass of component B is a:b. Alternatively, it means that the mass of component A is aK and the mass of component B is bK (K is an arbitrary number, indicating a multiple factor). It should not be misunderstood that, unlike the mass parts, the sum of the mass of all components is not limited to 100 parts.
“和/或”用于表示所说明的情况的一者或两者均可能发生，例如，A和/或B包括(A和B)和(A或B)。"And/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the stated situations may occur, for example, A and/or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).
一种土壤改良材料，其原料以重量份数计算，包括：A soil improvement material, the raw materials of which are calculated by weight and include:
废弃氨气吸附剂60-70份、植物胶10-20份，生物炭0-20份，粘合剂3-10份；60-70 parts of waste ammonia adsorbent, 10-20 parts of plant gum, 0-20 parts of biochar, and 3-10 parts of adhesive;
所述废弃氨气吸附剂为工业氨气吸附处理产生的废弃吸附剂，其吸附基质为活性炭、分子筛、沸石、硅胶、氧化石墨烯中的一种或多种。 The waste ammonia adsorbent is a waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve, zeolite, silica gel, and graphene oxide.
需要说明的是，此处所指的吸附基质可以是相应的原材料或者是改性材料，例如分子筛或改性分子筛。It should be noted that the adsorption matrix referred to herein may be a corresponding raw material or a modified material, such as a molecular sieve or a modified molecular sieve.
废弃氨气吸附剂属于一般I类工业固体废物，其主要成分为多孔吸附基质和吸附的氨气。氨气在降水条件下形成氨水，溶出的氨可中和酸性土壤的pH值，施用后可有效改善土壤酸性。同时，溶出的氨与土壤中的铜离子、锌离子、铁离子等发生反应，转化为氢氧化物沉淀，有效固化重金属离子，减少酸性淋溶水中的重金属离子排放。Waste ammonia adsorbent belongs to general Class I industrial solid waste, and its main components are porous adsorption matrix and adsorbed ammonia. Ammonia forms ammonia water under precipitation conditions, and the dissolved ammonia can neutralize the pH value of acidic soil. After application, it can effectively improve the acidity of the soil. At the same time, the dissolved ammonia reacts with copper ions, zinc ions, iron ions, etc. in the soil, and is converted into hydroxide precipitation, which effectively solidifies heavy metal ions and reduces the emission of heavy metal ions in acidic leaching water.
氨对植物的作用有两面性。一方面作为肥料促进植物生长，另一方面，高浓度氨的短时大量排放对植物有腐蚀性，破坏植物生长。植物胶的包覆效果，可以使得粉碎后的废弃氨气吸附剂颗粒具有很好的缓释性能，能够有效减少氨的挥发，延长氨气释放时间，降低氨气对植被的刺激，从而提高植物成活率。其次，植物胶可以显著增强土壤团聚效应，增加有机质含量，提高保水保肥性能。Ammonia has two-sided effects on plants. On the one hand, it promotes plant growth as a fertilizer. On the other hand, short-term and large-scale emissions of high-concentration ammonia are corrosive to plants and damage plant growth. The coating effect of plant gum can make the crushed waste ammonia adsorbent particles have good slow-release properties, which can effectively reduce the volatilization of ammonia, prolong the release time of ammonia, and reduce the stimulation of ammonia to vegetation, thereby improving the survival rate of plants. Secondly, plant gum can significantly enhance the soil agglomeration effect, increase the organic matter content, and improve the water and fertilizer retention performance.
可选的，土壤改良材料得原料以重量份数计算，废弃氨气吸附剂的用量可以为60份、65份、70份或者60-70份之间的任一值，植物胶的用量可以为10份、11份、12份、13份、14份、15份、16份、17份、18份、19份、20份或者10-20份之间的任一值，生物炭的用量可以为0份、1份、5份、10份、15份、20份或者0-20份之间的任一值，粘合剂的用量可以为3份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份或者3-10份之间的任一值。Optionally, the raw materials for soil improvement materials are calculated in parts by weight, and the amount of waste ammonia adsorbent can be 60 parts, 65 parts, 70 parts or any value between 60-70 parts, the amount of plant gum can be 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts or any value between 10-20 parts, the amount of biochar can be 0 parts, 1 parts, 5 parts, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts or any value between 0-20 parts, and the amount of adhesive can be 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts or any value between 3-10 parts.
在一个可选的实施方式中，所述生物炭的原料选自木屑、竹炭和稻壳中的一种或多种。In an optional embodiment, the raw material of the biochar is selected from one or more of wood chips, bamboo charcoal and rice husks.
生物炭呈碱性，对土壤有很好的改良作用，施入土壤可提高酸性土壤pH值。生物炭具有复杂的多孔隙结构和较大的比表面积，可增大土壤通透性、改善土壤团聚体，吸附更多的水分和养分离子，提高土壤水容量和养分吸持容量。生物质炭中含有一定量的易分解有机化合物，土壤微生物可以将其作为碳源，能够提高土壤微生物的生物量和活性，有利于土壤中微生物群落生长。Biochar is alkaline and has a good effect on improving soil. Applying it to the soil can increase the pH value of acidic soil. Biochar has a complex porous structure and a large specific surface area, which can increase soil permeability, improve soil aggregates, absorb more water and nutrient ions, and increase soil water capacity and nutrient absorption capacity. Biochar contains a certain amount of easily decomposable organic compounds, which can be used as a carbon source by soil microorganisms, which can increase the biomass and activity of soil microorganisms and is conducive to the growth of microbial communities in the soil.
生物炭的制备原料优选为稻壳。所述稻壳为稻米加工后的产物，稻壳富含纤维素、木质素、二氧化硅，且稻壳中硅含量愈高，则愈坚硬，耐磨性能愈强，是一种可以资源化利用的固体废弃物资源。The raw material for preparing biochar is preferably rice husk. The rice husk is a product of rice processing. The rice husk is rich in cellulose, lignin, and silicon dioxide. The higher the silicon content in the rice husk, the harder it is and the stronger its wear resistance is. It is a solid waste resource that can be recycled.
在一个可选的实施方式中，所述植物胶为天然植物胶，包括半乳甘露聚糖、蛋白质、纤维素、水和无机元素；In an optional embodiment, the plant gum is a natural plant gum, comprising galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water and inorganic elements;
所述无机元素包括钙和镁。The inorganic elements include calcium and magnesium.
植物胶遇水溶胀水合形成高粘度的溶胶液，其粘度随粉剂浓度增加而显著增加。植物胶附着在废弃吸附剂颗粒表面，极易形成包裹结构。 The plant gum swells and hydrates in water to form a high-viscosity sol liquid, and its viscosity increases significantly with the increase of powder concentration. The plant gum adheres to the surface of the waste adsorbent particles and easily forms a wrapping structure.
在一个可选的实施方式中，所述粘合剂包括生物粘合剂和/或无机粘合剂；In an alternative embodiment, the adhesive comprises a biological adhesive and/or an inorganic adhesive;
所述无机粘合剂包括膨润土。The inorganic binder includes bentonite.
在一个可选的实施方式中，所述粘合剂为生物粘合剂。In an alternative embodiment, the adhesive is a bioadhesive.
在一个可选的实施方式中，所述废弃氨气吸附剂的吸附基质为活性炭，所述土壤改良材料不添加所述生物炭。In an optional embodiment, the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent is activated carbon, and the soil improvement material does not add the biochar.
一种所述的土壤改良材料的制备方法，包括：A method for preparing the soil improvement material comprises:
所述废弃氨气吸附剂的吸附基质中含有活性炭时，将所述植物胶、所述粘合剂混合形成胶状溶液，对所述废弃氨气吸附剂进行覆膜，得到所述土壤改良材料；When the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent contains activated carbon, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, and the waste ammonia adsorbent is coated to obtain the soil improvement material;
所述废弃氨气吸附剂的吸附基质中不含活性炭时，将所述植物胶、所述粘合剂混合形成胶状溶液，所述废弃氨气吸附剂与所述生物炭混合后重复造粒，然后进行覆膜，得到所述土壤改良材料。When the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent does not contain activated carbon, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, the waste ammonia adsorbent is mixed with the biochar and then granulated repeatedly, and then coated to obtain the soil improvement material.
废弃氨气吸附剂使用前进行粉碎，粉碎后的颗粒物的粒径为3-5mm。粉碎后的颗粒物的粒径可以为3mm、4mm、5mm或者3-5mm之间的任一值。The waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed before use, and the particle size of the crushed particles is 3-5 mm. The particle size of the crushed particles can be 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm or any value between 3-5 mm.
在一个可选的实施方式中，所述混合过程中加入水，所述混合之后还包括：干燥。In an optional embodiment, water is added during the mixing process, and the mixing further includes: drying.
在一个可选的实施方式中，加入所述水之后，得到的混合物的含水率为10-15％；In an optional embodiment, after adding the water, the water content of the obtained mixture is 10-15%;
所述得到的土壤改良材料的粒径为4-6mm。The particle size of the obtained soil improvement material is 4-6 mm.
可选的，混合物的含水率可以为10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％或者10-15％之间的任一值；所述造粒得到的颗粒物的粒径可以为4mm、5mm、6mm或者4-6mm之间的任一值。Optionally, the moisture content of the mixture can be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15% or any value between 10-15%; the particle size of the granules obtained by granulation can be 4mm, 5mm, 6mm or any value between 4-6mm.
干燥通常采用常温自然晾干方式进行。Drying is usually carried out by natural drying at room temperature.
一种所述的土壤改良材料的应用，用于改良酸性土壤。An application of the soil improvement material is used for improving acidic soil.
下面将结合具体实施例对本申请的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本申请，而不应视为限制本申请的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present application. If specific conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to normal conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供一种土壤改良材料，包括：废弃氨气吸附剂70g、植物胶12g，粘合剂5g。This embodiment provides a soil improvement material, including: 70g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 12g of plant glue, and 5g of adhesive.
废弃氨气吸附剂为工业氨气吸附处理产生的废弃吸附剂，其吸附基质为活性炭。植物胶为天然植物胶，包括半乳甘露聚糖、蛋白质、纤维素、水、钙和镁；粘合剂为羟甲基纤维素。The waste ammonia adsorbent is a waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is activated carbon. The plant gum is a natural plant gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
上述土壤改良材料的制备方法如下： The preparation method of the above soil improvement material is as follows:
将废弃氨气吸附剂粉碎至3mm，植物胶和粘合剂加水混合得到含水率为10％的混合物，对废弃氨气吸附剂进行覆膜得到粒径为3-4mm的颗粒物，干燥得到土壤改良材料。The waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed to 3 mm, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 10%, the waste ammonia adsorbent is coated to obtain particles with a particle size of 3-4 mm, and the particles are dried to obtain a soil improvement material.
土壤改良材料横截面结构如图1和图2所示，土壤改良材料表面结构如图3和图4所示。The cross-sectional structure of the soil improvement material is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , and the surface structure of the soil improvement material is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
由土壤改良材料横截面结构可以看出，吸附了氨气的废弃吸附剂表面呈现多孔结构，吸附的氨气极易在短时间内释放；由土壤改良材料表面结构可以看出，在废弃氨气吸附剂表面形成植物胶包覆薄膜，使材料具有缓释性能，延长了氨气释放时间。It can be seen from the cross-sectional structure of the soil improvement material that the surface of the waste adsorbent that has adsorbed ammonia presents a porous structure, and the adsorbed ammonia can be easily released in a short time; it can be seen from the surface structure of the soil improvement material that a plant gum-coated film is formed on the surface of the waste ammonia adsorbent, which gives the material a sustained-release property and prolongs the ammonia release time.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提供一种土壤改良材料，包括：废弃氨气吸附剂65g、植物胶10g，生物炭10g，粘合剂5g。This embodiment provides a soil improvement material, including: 65g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 10g of plant glue, 10g of biochar, and 5g of adhesive.
废弃氨气吸附剂为工业氨气吸附处理产生的废弃吸附剂，其吸附基质为活性炭、沸石。生物炭的原料为稻壳。植物胶为天然植物胶，包括半乳甘露聚糖、蛋白质、纤维素、水、钙和镁；粘合剂为羟甲基纤维素。The waste ammonia adsorbent is the waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is activated carbon and zeolite. The raw material of biochar is rice husk. The plant gum is a natural plant gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
上述土壤改良材料的制备方法如下：The preparation method of the above soil improvement material is as follows:
将废弃氨气吸附剂粉碎至1mm，将生物炭与废弃氨气吸附剂混合后重复造粒，形成3mm的颗粒物，植物胶和粘合剂加水混合得到含水率为10％的混合物，对颗粒物进行覆膜后粒径为3-4mm，干燥得到土壤改良材料。The waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed into 1 mm, the biochar is mixed with the waste ammonia adsorbent and then repeatedly granulated to form 3 mm particles, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 10%, the particles are coated to a particle size of 3-4 mm, and dried to obtain a soil improvement material.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例提供一种土壤改良材料，包括：废弃氨气吸附剂70g、植物胶15g，生物炭5g，粘合剂3g。This embodiment provides a soil improvement material, including: 70g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 15g of plant gum, 5g of biochar, and 3g of adhesive.
废弃氨气吸附剂为工业氨气吸附处理产生的废弃吸附剂，其吸附基质为活性炭、沸石。生物炭的原料为稻壳。植物胶为天然植物胶，包括半乳甘露聚糖、蛋白质、纤维素、水、钙和镁；粘合剂为羟甲基纤维素。The waste ammonia adsorbent is the waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is activated carbon and zeolite. The raw material of biochar is rice husk. The plant gum is a natural plant gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
上述土壤改良材料的制备方法如下：The preparation method of the above soil improvement material is as follows:
将废弃氨气吸附剂粉碎至1mm，将生物炭与废弃氨气吸附剂混合后重复造粒，形成3mm的颗粒物，植物胶和粘合剂加水混合得到含水率为10％的混合物，对颗粒物进行覆膜后粒径为3-4mm，干燥得到土壤改良材料。The waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed into 1 mm, the biochar is mixed with the waste ammonia adsorbent and then repeatedly granulated to form 3 mm particles, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 10%, the particles are coated to a particle size of 3-4 mm, and dried to obtain a soil improvement material.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例提供一种土壤改良材料，包括：废弃氨气吸附剂60g、植物胶15g，生物炭15g，粘合剂5g。 This embodiment provides a soil improvement material, including: 60g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 15g of plant glue, 15g of biochar, and 5g of adhesive.
废弃氨气吸附剂为工业氨气吸附处理产生的废弃吸附剂，其吸附基质为活性炭、沸石。生物炭的原料为稻壳。植物胶为天然植物胶，包括半乳甘露聚糖、蛋白质、纤维素、水、钙和镁；粘合剂为羟甲基纤维素。The waste ammonia adsorbent is the waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is activated carbon and zeolite. The raw material of biochar is rice husk. The plant gum is a natural plant gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.
上述土壤改良材料的制备方法如下：The preparation method of the above soil improvement material is as follows:
将废弃氨气吸附剂粉碎至1mm，将生物炭与废弃氨气吸附剂混合后重复造粒，形成3mm的颗粒物，植物胶和粘合剂加水混合得到含水率为10％的混合物，对颗粒物进行覆膜后粒径为3-4mm，干燥得到土壤改良材料。The waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed into 1 mm, the biochar is mixed with the waste ammonia adsorbent and then repeatedly granulated to form 3 mm particles, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 10%, the particles are coated to a particle size of 3-4 mm, and dried to obtain a soil improvement material.
结合实施例，共设计3个验证区块，标记为区块A(对比例1)、区块B(对比例2)、区块C(实施例1)。In combination with the embodiment, a total of three verification blocks are designed, marked as block A (comparative example 1), block B (comparative example 2), and block C (embodiment 1).
对比例1Comparative Example 1
本对比例提供一种土壤改良材料，包括：废弃氨气吸附剂(基质不含活性炭)60g、生物炭20g。This comparative example provides a soil improvement material, including: 60g of waste ammonia adsorbent (the matrix does not contain activated carbon) and 20g of biochar.
对比例2Comparative Example 2
本对比例提供一种土壤改良材料，包括：植物胶20g，生物炭70g，粘合剂(羟甲基纤维素)5g。This comparative example provides a soil improvement material, including: 20g of plant gum, 70g of biochar, and 5g of adhesive (hydroxymethyl cellulose).
不同区块对宽叶草发芽率、生物量、植被盖度、以及土壤pH、容重、电导率的影响见表1植被发芽率、生物量、植被盖度的测定均采用样方实测法，土壤pH采用电位法测定，土壤容重采用环刀法测定，土壤电导率采用电极法测定。The effects of different blocks on the germination rate, biomass, vegetation coverage, and soil pH, bulk density, and electrical conductivity of broadleaf grass are shown in Table 1. The vegetation germination rate, biomass, and vegetation coverage were all determined by the sample plot measurement method, the soil pH was determined by the potentiometric method, the soil bulk density was determined by the ring knife method, and the soil conductivity was determined by the electrode method.
表1不同区块对土壤和宽叶草生长的影响Table 1 Effects of different plots on soil and broadleaf grass growth
由表1可知，不同区块对宽叶草种子发芽、生物量、盖度及所在区土壤pH、容重、电导率呈现出不同的效果，总体表现为区块C明显高于对照区块(缺少特定组分的区块A、区块B)，说明土壤改良材料的改良效果明显优于传统的酸性改良材料。As shown in Table 1, different blocks showed different effects on the germination of broadleaf grass seeds, biomass, coverage, and soil pH, bulk density, and conductivity. Overall, block C was significantly higher than the control block (blocks A and B lacking specific components), indicating that the improvement effect of soil improvement materials was significantly better than that of traditional acidic improvement materials.
本申请提供一种利用工业生产中的废弃氨气吸附剂用于铜矿山酸性土壤改良的方法，解决了废弃吸附剂处置造成的土地占用和环境污染问题，同时为铜矿山酸性土壤提供了一种新的改良方法。The present application provides a method for improving acidic soil in copper mines by using waste ammonia adsorbents from industrial production, which solves the problems of land occupation and environmental pollution caused by the disposal of waste adsorbents, and provides a new method for improving acidic soil in copper mines.
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。 Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
此外，本领域的技术人员能够理解，尽管在此的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征，但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本申请的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如，在上面的权利要求书中，所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在加深对本申请的总体背景技术的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。 In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, the combination of features of different embodiments is meant to be within the scope of the present application and form different embodiments. For example, in the above claims, any one of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background technology section is intended only to deepen the understanding of the overall background technology of the present application and should not be regarded as an admission or in any form of implication that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种土壤改良材料，其特征在于，其原料以重量份数计算，包括：A soil improvement material, characterized in that its raw materials, calculated by weight, include:
    废弃氨气吸附剂60-70份、植物胶10-20份，生物炭0-20份，粘合剂3-10份；60-70 parts of waste ammonia adsorbent, 10-20 parts of plant gum, 0-20 parts of biochar, and 3-10 parts of adhesive;
    所述废弃氨气吸附剂为工业氨气吸附处理产生的废弃吸附剂，其吸附基质为活性炭、分子筛、沸石、硅胶、氧化石墨烯中的一种或多种。The waste ammonia adsorbent is a waste adsorbent produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and its adsorption matrix is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve, zeolite, silica gel, and graphene oxide.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的土壤改良材料，其特征在于，所述生物炭的原料选自木屑、竹炭和稻壳中的一种或多种。The soil improvement material according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw material of the biochar is selected from one or more of sawdust, bamboo charcoal and rice husk.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的土壤改良材料，其特征在于，所述植物胶为天然植物胶，包括半乳甘露聚糖、蛋白质、纤维素、水和无机元素；The soil improvement material according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant gum is a natural plant gum comprising galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water and inorganic elements;
    所述无机元素包括钙和镁。The inorganic elements include calcium and magnesium.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的土壤改良材料，其特征在于，所述粘合剂包括生物粘合剂和/或无机粘合剂；The soil improvement material according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive comprises a biological adhesive and/or an inorganic adhesive;
    所述无机粘合剂包括膨润土。The inorganic binder includes bentonite.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的土壤改良材料，其特征在于，所述粘合剂为生物粘合剂。The soil improvement material according to claim 4, characterized in that the adhesive is a biological adhesive.
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的土壤改良材料，其特征在于，所述废弃氨气吸附剂的吸附基质为活性炭。The soil improvement material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent is activated carbon.
  7. 一种权利要求1-6任一项所述的土壤改良材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for preparing a soil improvement material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises:
    所述废弃氨气吸附剂的吸附基质中含有活性炭时，将所述植物胶、所述粘合剂混合形成胶状溶液，对所述废弃氨气吸附剂进行覆膜，得到所述土壤改良材料；When the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent contains activated carbon, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, and the waste ammonia adsorbent is coated to obtain the soil improvement material;
    所述废弃氨气吸附剂的吸附基质中不含活性炭时，将所述植物胶、所述粘合剂混合形成胶状溶液，所述废弃氨气吸附剂与所述生物炭混合后重复造粒，然后进行覆膜，得到所述土壤改良材料。When the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent does not contain activated carbon, the plant gum and the adhesive are mixed to form a colloidal solution, the waste ammonia adsorbent is mixed with the biochar and then granulated repeatedly, and then coated to obtain the soil improvement material.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的土壤改良材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述混合过程中加入水，所述混合之后还包括：干燥。The method for preparing soil improvement materials according to claim 7 is characterized in that water is added during the mixing process, and after the mixing, it also includes: drying.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的土壤改良材料的制备方法，其特征在于，加入所述水之后，得到的混合物的含水率为10-15％；The method for preparing a soil improvement material according to claim 8, characterized in that after adding the water, the moisture content of the obtained mixture is 10-15%;
    所述土壤改良材料的粒径为4-6mm。The particle size of the soil improvement material is 4-6 mm.
  10. 一种权利要求1-6任一项所述的土壤改良材料的应用，其特征在于，用于改良酸性土壤。 An application of the soil improvement material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is used to improve acidic soil.
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