CN115353891A

CN115353891A - Soil improvement material and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115353891A
Application number: CN202211276484.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王芳; 王琼; 孙伟; 龚雪刚; 潘翰林; 童震松; 石培良
Original assignee: BGRIMM Technology Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: BGRIMM Technology Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-10-19
Filing date: 2022-10-19
Publication date: 2022-11-18
Anticipated expiration: 2042-10-19
Also published as: ZA202303812B; WO2024082531A1; CN115353891B

Abstract

The application provides a soil improvement material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the field of solid waste treatment. The soil improvement material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of waste ammonia adsorbent, 10-20 parts of vegetable gum, 0-20 parts of biochar and 3-10 parts of adhesive; the waste ammonia adsorbent is generated by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve and zeolite. The preparation method of the soil improvement material comprises the following steps: and mixing the raw materials to obtain the soil improvement material. Use of a soil improvement material for improving acid soil. The application provides a soil improvement material, the discarded ammonia adsorbent of effectively utilizing in the industrial production is used for the acid soil improvement in copper mine, has solved the discarded adsorbent and has dealt with the land that causes and occupy and environmental pollution problem. By the coating effect of the vegetable gum, the soil improvement material has good slow release performance, and the survival rate of plants is improved.

Description

Soil improvement material and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a soil improvement material and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The ammonia is alkaline and can be used as a fertilizer to be applied to soil for plants to absorb and utilize. Ammonia emission exists in the industrial production of chemical industry, colored industry and the like and in the processes of waste gas denitration and the like. The most common method for treating ammonia gas is adsorption, and commonly used porous materials are activated carbon, molecular sieves, zeolites, and the like. When the physical activity of the porous adsorbent reaches a certain saturation degree, the adsorption capacity is lost. The waste ammonia adsorbent after saturated adsorption is generally used as general industrial solid waste for stockpiling or landfill treatment, so that site waste and secondary pollution are caused.

The metal mines are present in a large proportion in the minerals as sulfides, with copper mines being the most typical. The copper mine waste rock is piled in the open air, under the catalysis of microorganisms such as thiobacillus ferrooxidans and thiobacillus thiooxidans, sulfur and metal sulfides in the waste rock are oxidized, and acid mine wastewater is formed through rainwater washing. The pH value of the acidic wastewater is extremely low, and the acidic wastewater contains metal ions such As Fe, mn, cu, zn, pb, cd, as, al and the like and SO ₄ ^2- And the environment is polluted and damaged. In the process of recovering vegetation in the waste rock yard, the acid production environment of the yard seriously restricts the normal growth of plants.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application aims to provide a soil improvement material, a preparation method and an application thereof to solve the above problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:

a soil improvement material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

60-70 parts of waste ammonia adsorbent, 10-20 parts of vegetable gum, 0-20 parts of biochar and 3-10 parts of adhesive;

the waste ammonia adsorbent is produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and the adsorption matrix is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve, zeolite, silica gel and graphene oxide.

Preferably, the raw material of the biochar is selected from one or more of wood chips, bamboo charcoal and rice hulls.

Preferably, the vegetable gum is a natural vegetable gum comprising galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water and inorganic elements;

the inorganic elements include calcium and magnesium.

Preferably, the binder comprises a biological binder and/or an inorganic binder;

the inorganic binder includes bentonite.

Preferably, the binder is a bioadhesive.

Preferably, the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent is activated carbon.

A method for preparing the soil improvement material comprises the following steps:

when the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent contains activated carbon, mixing the plant gum and the adhesive to form a colloidal solution, and laminating the waste ammonia adsorbent to obtain the soil improvement material;

and when the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent does not contain activated carbon, mixing the plant gum and the adhesive to form a colloidal solution, mixing the waste ammonia adsorbent and the biochar, then repeatedly granulating, and then laminating to obtain the soil improvement material.

Preferably, water is added in the mixing process, and after the mixing, the method further comprises the following steps: and (5) drying.

Preferably, after the water is added, the water content of the obtained mixture is 10-15%;

the grain diameter of the soil improvement material is 4-6mm.

The application of the soil improvement material is used for improving acid soil.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application includes:

according to the soil improvement material provided by the application, the waste ammonia adsorbent in industrial production is effectively utilized for improving the acid soil of the copper mine, and the problems of land occupation and environmental pollution caused by treatment of the waste adsorbent are solved; plant glue is even attached to waste ammonia adsorbent particle surface under the effect of adhesive, forms the parcel structure, and cladding effect through plant glue can be so that waste ammonia adsorbent has fine slowly-releasing performance, can effectively reduce volatilizing of ammonia, and extension ammonia release time reduces the stimulation of ammonia to the vegetation to improve the survival rate of plants.

As a soil conditioner, alkaline substances dissolved out from the waste ammonia gas adsorbent can neutralize the pH value of acid soil, and the soil acidity can be effectively improved after the alkaline substances are applied; ammonia dissolved out from the waste ammonia adsorbent reacts with copper ions, zinc ions, iron ions and the like in soil and is converted into hydroxide precipitate, so that heavy metal ions are effectively solidified, and the emission of the heavy metal ions in acidic leaching water is reduced; the slow-release and low-concentration ammonia gas can be absorbed by plants to be used as nitrogen nutrition, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the plants; matrix materials such as activated carbon, molecular sieve, zeolite and the like in the waste ammonia adsorbent have developed pore structures and better water absorption, so that the interaction of the soil environment with the atmosphere and rainfall is increased, the oxygen concentration in soil pores is ensured, the soil humidity is adjusted and balanced, and the self-repairing of acid soil and the growth of plants are facilitated; the vegetable gum can obviously enhance the soil aggregation effect, increase the content of organic matters and improve the water and fertilizer retention performance.

The preparation method of the soil improvement material is simple to operate and low in cost.

The soil improvement material provided by the application can be widely used for improvement of acid soil, especially for copper mine soil remediation.

Drawings

To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below, and it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present application.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a soil amendment material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a cross-sectional structure of a soil amendment material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 3 is a surface structure view of the soil improving material obtained in example 1;

fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the structure of the surface of the soil amendment material obtained in example 1.

Detailed Description

The terms as used herein:

"consisting of 8230%" \8230, preparation "and" comprising "are synonymous. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

The conjunction "consisting of 823070, 8230composition" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, this phrase shall render the claim closed except for the materials described except for those materials normally associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of 8230' \8230"; composition "appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims and not immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.

When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or range defined by a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the recited range should be interpreted to include ranges of "1 to 4," "1 to 3," "1 to 2 and 4 to 5," "1 to 3 and 5," and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise specified, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and all integers and fractions within the range.

In these examples, the parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.

"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent an arbitrary unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.

"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., a and/or B includes (a and B) and (a or B).

It should be noted that the adsorbent substrate referred to herein may be a corresponding raw material or a modified material, such as a molecular sieve or a modified molecular sieve.

The waste ammonia adsorbent belongs to general class I industrial solid wastes, and the main components of the adsorbent are porous adsorption matrixes and adsorbed ammonia. Ammonia gas forms ammonia water under the precipitation condition, the dissolved ammonia can neutralize the pH value of acid soil, and the soil acidity can be effectively improved after the ammonia water is applied. Meanwhile, the dissolved ammonia reacts with copper ions, zinc ions, iron ions and the like in the soil and is converted into hydroxide precipitate, so that heavy metal ions are effectively solidified, and the emission of the heavy metal ions in the acidic leaching water is reduced.

The action of ammonia on plants is twofold. On the one hand, the fertilizer promotes plant growth, and on the other hand, the short-term large-amount discharge of high-concentration ammonia is corrosive to plants and damages plant growth. The coating effect of vegetable gum can make the discarded ammonia adsorbent granule after smashing have fine slowly-releasing performance, can effectively reduce volatilizing of ammonia, and the extension ammonia release time reduces the stimulation of ammonia to the vegetation to improve the plant survival rate. And secondly, the vegetable gum can obviously enhance the soil aggregation effect, increase the content of organic matters and improve the water and fertilizer retention performance.

Optionally, the amount of the waste ammonia gas adsorbent may be any one of 60 parts, 65 parts, 70 parts, or 60 to 70 parts, the amount of the plant gum may be any one of 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts, or 10 to 20 parts, the amount of the biochar may be any one of 0 part, 1 part, 5 parts, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, or 0 to 20 parts, and the amount of the binder may be any one of 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, or 3 to 10 parts, calculated by weight.

In an alternative embodiment, the raw material of the bio-char is selected from one or more of wood chips, bamboo charcoal, and rice hulls.

The biochar is alkaline, has a good improvement effect on soil, and can improve the pH value of acid soil when applied to the soil. The biochar has a complex porous structure and a large specific surface area, can increase soil permeability, improve soil aggregates, adsorb more water and nutrient ions, and improve soil water capacity and nutrient absorption capacity. The biomass charcoal contains a certain amount of easily-decomposed organic compounds, can be used as a carbon source by soil microorganisms, can improve the biomass and activity of the soil microorganisms, and is beneficial to the growth of microbial communities in soil.

The raw material for preparing the biochar is rice husk preferably. The rice husk is a product obtained after rice processing, is rich in cellulose, lignin and silicon dioxide, is harder and stronger in wear resistance when the silicon content in the rice husk is higher, and is a solid waste resource capable of being recycled.

In an alternative embodiment, the vegetable gum is a natural vegetable gum comprising galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water and inorganic elements;

the inorganic elements include calcium and magnesium.

The vegetable gum can be swelled and hydrated in water to form high-viscosity sol liquid, and the viscosity of the sol liquid can be obviously increased along with the increase of the concentration of the powder. The vegetable gum is attached to the surfaces of the waste adsorbent particles, and a wrapping structure is easily formed.

In an alternative embodiment, the binder comprises a biological binder and/or an inorganic binder;

the inorganic binder includes bentonite.

In an alternative embodiment, the adhesive is a bioadhesive.

In an alternative embodiment, the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent is activated carbon, and the soil improvement material is not added with the biochar.

when the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia adsorbent contains activated carbon, mixing the plant gum and the adhesive to form a colloidal solution, and coating the waste ammonia adsorbent to obtain the soil improvement material;

The waste ammonia adsorbent is crushed before use, and the particle size of the crushed particles is 3-5mm. The particle size of the crushed particles can be any value of 3mm, 4mm, 5mm or 3-5mm.

In an alternative embodiment, water is added during the mixing process, and the mixing process further comprises: and (5) drying.

In an alternative embodiment, after the addition of the water, the resulting mixture has a water content of 10-15%;

the particle size of the obtained soil improvement material is 4-6mm.

Optionally, the water content of the mixture may be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, or any value between 10-15%; the particle size of the granules obtained by granulation can be any value between 4mm, 5mm, 6mm or 4-6mm.

The drying is usually carried out in a normal-temperature natural airing way.

Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a soil amendment material comprising: 70 g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 12g of vegetable gum and 5g of adhesive.

The waste ammonia adsorbent is produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and the adsorption matrix is activated carbon. The vegetable gum is natural vegetable gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.

The preparation method of the soil improvement material comprises the following steps:

crushing the waste ammonia adsorbent to 3mm, mixing the plant gum and the adhesive with water to obtain a mixture with the water content of 10%, coating the waste ammonia adsorbent to obtain particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm, and drying to obtain the soil improvement material.

The cross-sectional structure of the soil improvement material is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the surface structure of the soil improvement material is shown in fig. 3 and 4.

As can be seen from the cross section structure of the soil improvement material, the surface of the waste adsorbent adsorbing ammonia gas presents a porous structure, and the adsorbed ammonia gas is easy to release in a short time; according to the surface structure of the soil improvement material, the plant gum coating film is formed on the surface of the waste ammonia adsorbent, so that the material has slow release performance, and the ammonia release time is prolonged.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a soil amendment material comprising: 65g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 10 g of vegetable gum, 10 g of charcoal and 5g of adhesive.

The waste ammonia adsorbent is produced by industrial ammonia adsorption treatment, and the adsorption matrix is active carbon and zeolite. The raw material of the biochar is rice husk. The vegetable gum is natural vegetable gum, including galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water, calcium and magnesium; the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose.

crushing the waste ammonia adsorbent to 1mm, mixing the biochar with the waste ammonia adsorbent, then repeatedly granulating to form 3mm particles, mixing the plant gum and the adhesive with water to obtain a mixture with the water content of 10%, coating the particles with a film, then obtaining the soil improvement material with the particle size of 3-4 mm, and drying.

Example 3

This embodiment provides a soil amendment material comprising: 70 g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 15 g of vegetable gum, 5g of charcoal and 3 g of adhesive.

Example 4

This embodiment provides a soil amendment material comprising: 60 g of waste ammonia adsorbent, 15 g of vegetable gum, 15 g of charcoal and 5g of adhesive.

crushing the waste ammonia adsorbent to 1mm, mixing the biochar with the waste ammonia adsorbent, then repeatedly granulating to form particles of 3mm, mixing the plant gum and the adhesive with water to obtain a mixture with the water content of 10%, coating the particles with a film, then obtaining the soil improvement material with the particle size of 3-4 mm, and drying.

In conjunction with the examples, a total of 3 validation blocks were designed, labeled as block a (comparative example 1), block B (comparative example 2), and block C (example 1).

Comparative example 1

The present comparative example provides a soil improving material comprising: 60 g of waste ammonia adsorbent (matrix does not contain activated carbon) and 20 g of biochar.

Comparative example 2

The present comparative example provides a soil improving material comprising: 20 g of vegetable gum, 70 g of charcoal and 5g of adhesive (hydroxymethyl cellulose).

The influence of different blocks on the germination rate, the biomass, the vegetation coverage and the soil pH, the volume weight and the conductivity of the broadleaf weeds is shown in the table 1, the vegetation germination rate, the biomass and the vegetation coverage are measured by a sample method, the soil pH is measured by a potential method, the soil volume weight is measured by a cutting ring method, and the soil conductivity is measured by an electrode method.

TABLE 1 Effect of different plots on soil and broadleaf grass growth

As can be seen from table 1, the different blocks exhibited different effects on germination, biomass, coverage and soil pH, bulk density and conductivity in the area where the broadleaf grass seeds were located, and the overall expression was that block C was significantly higher than the control blocks (block a, block B lacking the specific component), indicating that the improvement effect of the soil improvement material was significantly better than that of the conventional acidic improvement material.

The application provides a method for improving copper mine acid soil by using waste ammonia gas adsorbent in industrial production, solves the problems of land occupation and environmental pollution caused by waste adsorbent disposal, and provides a new improvement method for copper mine acid soil.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the application and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the application and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The soil improvement material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

2. The soil amendment material according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of biochar is selected from one or more of wood chips, bamboo charcoal and rice hulls.

3. The soil amendment material according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable gum is a natural vegetable gum comprising galactomannan, protein, cellulose, water and inorganic elements;

the inorganic elements include calcium and magnesium.

4. The soil amendment material according to claim 1, wherein the binder comprises a biological binder and/or an inorganic binder;

the inorganic binder includes bentonite.

5. The soil amendment material according to claim 4, wherein the binder is a biological binder.

6. The soil amendment material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the adsorption matrix of the waste ammonia gas adsorbent is activated carbon.

7. A method for preparing a soil amendment material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:

8. The method for preparing a soil amendment material according to claim 7, wherein water is added during the mixing, and after the mixing: and (5) drying.

9. The method for preparing a soil amendment material according to claim 8, wherein the water content of the resulting mixture is 10-15% after the water is added;

the particle size of the soil improvement material is 4-6mm.

10. Use of a soil amendment material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for amending acidic soil.