WO2024078277A1 - 一种断层带内部结构的地震预测方法及系统 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of oil and gas field exploration and development, to the technical field of geological engineering for site selection of underground energy storage chambers for compressed air energy storage, and to a method and system for earthquake prediction of the internal structure of a fault zone.
- the present application provides a method and system for earthquake prediction of the internal structure of a fault zone, so as to at least solve the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to directly use seismic data to evaluate the impact of the fault zone on oil and gas exploration and underground geological engineering construction.
- the present invention adopts the following scheme:
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for seismic prediction of the internal structure of a fault zone, the method comprising: acquiring seismic data obtained from petroleum seismic exploration; calculating the third-generation coherence attribute EIG of the seismic data body of the target layer segment and below based on the seismic data; calculating the information dimension DIM on the coherent data slices; using the Lyapunov exponent to calculate the chaotic function CHOI on the seismic data; acquiring the internal structure index FIS of the fault zone based on the third-generation coherence attribute EIG, the information dimension DIM and the chaotic function CHOI; and quantitatively evaluating the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity and determining favorable drainage locations based on the internal structure index FIS.
- quantitatively evaluating the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity and determining favorable drainage locations based on the internal structure index FIS includes: comparing the internal structure index FIS with the FIS threshold to quantitatively evaluate the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity and determine favorable drainage locations.
- the FIS threshold value can be determined by statistically analyzing the data of the main fault zones controlling the oil reservoirs found in the region.
- the internal structure index FIS is compared with the FIS threshold to quantitatively evaluate the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity and determine the favorable drainage position, including: calculating the difference between the internal structure index FIS and the FIS threshold, the larger the difference is, the stronger the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity is, and the position where the difference is greater than the preset threshold is determined as the favorable drainage position.
- obtaining the internal structure index FIS of the fault zone according to the third-generation coherent attribute EIG, the information dimension DIM and the chaotic function CHOI includes: using the third-generation coherent attribute EIG, the information dimension DIM and the chaotic function CHOI as input parameters of the internal structure index FIS formula to obtain the internal structure index FIS of the fault zone, and the internal structure index FIS formula is as follows:
- an embodiment of the present invention also provides a seismic prediction system for the internal structure of a fault zone, the system comprising: a seismic data acquisition unit, used to acquire seismic data obtained from oil seismic exploration; a coherent attribute calculation unit, used to calculate the third-generation coherent attribute EIG of the seismic data body of the target layer segment and below based on the seismic data; an information dimension calculation unit, used to calculate the information dimension DIM on the coherent data slices; a chaotic function calculation unit, used to calculate the chaotic function CHOI using the Lyapunov exponent on the seismic data; a structural index acquisition unit, used to acquire the internal structure index FIS of the fault zone based on the third-generation coherent attribute EIG, the information dimension DIM and the chaotic function CHOI; a favorable position determination unit, used to quantitatively evaluate the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity and determine the favorable drainage position based on the internal structure index FIS.
- the favorable position determination unit is specifically used to: compare the internal structure index FIS with the FIS threshold to quantitatively evaluate the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity and determine the favorable drainage position.
- the device of this embodiment further comprises: a FIS threshold determination unit, which is used to determine the FIS threshold by counting the data of the main fault zones controlling the oil reservoirs found in the area.
- a FIS threshold determination unit which is used to determine the FIS threshold by counting the data of the main fault zones controlling the oil reservoirs found in the area.
- the favorable position determination unit is further specifically used to: calculate the difference between the internal structure index FIS and the FIS threshold, the larger the difference is, the stronger the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity is, and the position where the difference is greater than the preset threshold is determined as a favorable drainage position.
- an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the above method when executing the computer program.
- an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program implements the steps of the above method when executed by a processor.
- the earthquake prediction method and system of the internal structure of the fault zone proposed in the present invention take into account the factors of the internal structure of the fault zone and its seismic reflection characteristics, introduce the information dimension DIM parameter in the fractal theory to describe the ordered internal structure of the fault zone, draw on the chaotic system research method to characterize the chaotic and disordered reflection characteristics of the fault zone in earthquakes, and propose an index FIS closely related to the internal structure of the fault zone and the seismic reflection characteristics, so as to reflect the more objective characteristics of the internal fault zone, and achieve the purpose of quantitatively evaluating the fault migration and drainage oil and gas capacity and determining favorable locations.
- this application does not need to count a large number of geological parameters, but directly determines the drainage location with seismic data, and the implementation process is more intuitive and fast, which is a direct use of seismic data and a deep mining process.
- FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for earthquake prediction of the internal structure of a fault zone provided in an embodiment of the present application
- FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an earthquake prediction system for the internal structure of a fault zone provided by an embodiment of the present application;
- Figure 3 is a seismic cross-section through a fault zone in a basin
- FIG4 is a plane diagram of the internal structure index FIS distribution of the fault zone corresponding to FIG3;
- FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for earthquake prediction of the internal structure of a fault zone provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method comprises the following steps:
- Step S101 Acquire seismic data obtained from petroleum seismic exploration.
- the present application When determining favorable oil and gas drainage locations, the present application does not require statistics on a large number of geological parameters, but only uses seismic data of the area where the fault zone to be predicted is located.
- Step S102 Calculate the third generation coherent attribute EIG of the seismic data volume of the target layer segment and its lower layers according to the seismic data.
- the third generation coherence attribute EIG is defined as the ratio of the maximum eigenvalue of the covariance matrix of the target seismic channel and its adjacent channels to the sum of all eigenvalues within the coherence time window.
- the calculation process requires inclination scanning, and the covariance matrix is constructed using the seismic data in the scanned coherence time window.
- the coherence value is estimated by calculating the eigenvalue of the covariance matrix, and finally the ratio of the maximum eigenvalue to the sum of all eigenvalues is obtained, that is, the EIG eigenvalue.
- the expression is:
- C 3 is the third generation coherence value, also known as EIG;
- Step S103 Calculate the information dimension DIM on the coherent data slices.
- Fractal theory is the science of studying nonlinear systems, in which the information dimension DIM is a parameter that describes nonlinear systems and can be obtained through the box method.
- the information dimension not only considers the number of elements required for coverage, but also the probability of the elements of the fractal set appearing in the coverage, so it can more objectively reflect the fractal characteristics of the fractal.
- the specific analysis method is to divide the study area into N (r) parts with a square with a side length of r. If the probability that the element of the fractal set appears in the i-th unit is Pi (r), then according to information theory, the total amount of information at this time is:
- Pi (r) is the probability that a fracture falls into the i-th box with side length r, also known as fracture strength.
- ni be the number of fractures in the i-th box with size r
- N(r) be the total number of boxes
- the information dimension D 1 can be obtained from the slope of the straight line.
- the D 1 mentioned above is the information dimension DIM in this step.
- Step S104 Calculate the chaotic function CHOI using the Lyapunov exponent on the seismic data.
- the chaotic function CHOI in dynamics is applied to characterize the disordered seismic signals inside the fault zone, which is a quantitative description of the broken zone inside the fault that cannot be imaged.
- the chaotic function CHOI used in this application is calculated using the Lyapunov exponent.
- the Lyapunov exponent is an important quantitative indicator for measuring the dynamic characteristics of a system. It characterizes the average exponential rate of convergence or divergence between adjacent orbits in the relative space of the system.
- a positive Lyapunov exponent means that in the phase space of the system, no matter how small the initial distance between the two trajectories is, the difference will increase exponentially with the evolution of time to the point where it is unpredictable. This is the chaos phenomenon.
- the Lyapunov exponent is implemented using the Jacobian method, which is suitable for time series with large noise and the evolution of small vectors in the tangent space that is close to linear, and therefore conforms to the chaotic characteristics of fault zones in oil seismic data.
- Step S105 Obtaining the internal structure index FIS of the fault zone according to the third-generation coherence attribute EIG, the information dimension DIM and the chaotic function CHOI.
- the internal structure index FIS obtained from the above three parameters can closely correlate the internal structure of the fault zone with the seismic reflection characteristics, so it can reflect the more objective characteristics inside the fault zone, thereby providing a basis for determining the favorable oil and gas drainage locations.
- the third-generation coherent attribute EIG, the information dimension DIM and the chaotic function CHOI can be used as input parameters of the internal structure index FIS formula to obtain the internal structure index FIS of the fault zone.
- the internal structure index FIS formula (6) is as follows:
- Step S106 quantitatively evaluating the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity based on the internal structure index FIS and determining favorable drainage locations.
- the internal structure index FIS can be compared with the FIS threshold to quantitatively evaluate the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity and determine the favorable drainage position.
- the FIS threshold here is determined by statistically analyzing the data of the main fault zones of the oil reservoirs found in the region, that is, a comparison template is formed based on the existing data. If the internal structure index FIS calculated this time is If the structural index FIS is greater than the FIS threshold, the possibility of the fault opening up oil and gas migration is higher, otherwise the possibility is smaller.
- this step can calculate the difference between the internal structure index FIS and the FIS threshold. If the difference is larger, the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity is stronger. At the same time, the part where the difference is greater than the preset threshold can be determined as a favorable drainage part.
- the earthquake prediction method of the internal structure of the fault zone proposed in the present invention takes into account the factors of the internal structure of the fault zone and its seismic reflection characteristics, introduces the information dimension DIM parameter in the fractal theory to describe the ordered internal structure of the fault zone, draws on the chaotic system research method to characterize the chaotic and disordered reflection characteristics of the fault zone in the earthquake, and proposes an index FIS closely related to the internal structure of the fault zone and the seismic reflection characteristics, so as to reflect the more objective characteristics of the internal fault zone, and achieve the purpose of quantitatively evaluating the fault migration and drainage oil and gas capacity and determining favorable positions.
- this application does not need to count a large number of geological parameters, but directly determines the drainage position with seismic data, and the implementation process is more intuitive and fast, which is a direct use of seismic data and a deep mining process.
- This application realizes the quantitative evaluation of the internal heterogeneity of the fault zone, which is suitable for the effectiveness evaluation of fault oil and gas closures, and is also suitable for the geological site selection and safe operation of underground gas storage chambers and compressed air energy storage underground energy storage chambers (underground caves, shallow closures, abandoned oil and gas reservoirs). Geological engineering evaluation.
- FIG. 2 it is a structural schematic diagram of an earthquake prediction system for the internal structure of a fault zone provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the device includes: a seismic data acquisition unit 210, a coherent attribute calculation unit 220, an information dimension calculation unit 230, a chaotic function calculation unit 240, a structural index acquisition unit 250 and a favorable position determination unit 260, wherein the seismic data acquisition unit 210 is respectively connected to the coherent attribute calculation unit 220, the information dimension calculation unit 230 and the chaotic function calculation unit 240, and the structural index acquisition unit 250 is respectively connected to the coherent attribute calculation unit 220, the information dimension calculation unit 230, the chaotic function calculation unit 240 and the favorable position determination unit 260.
- the seismic data acquisition unit 210 is used to acquire seismic data obtained from petroleum seismic exploration.
- the coherent attribute calculation unit 220 is used to calculate the third generation coherent attribute EIG of the seismic data volume of the target layer segment and its lower layers according to the seismic data.
- the information dimension calculation unit 230 is used to calculate the information dimension DIM on the coherent data slices.
- the chaotic function calculation unit 240 is used to calculate the chaotic function CHOI on the seismic data using the Lyapunov exponent.
- the structure index acquisition unit 250 is used to acquire the internal structure index FIS of the fault zone according to the third-generation coherence attribute EIG, the information dimension DIM and the chaotic function CHOI.
- the third-generation coherent attribute EIG, the information dimension DIM and the chaotic function CHOI can be used as input parameters of the internal structure index FIS formula to obtain the fault zone internal structure index FIS, and the internal structure index FIS formula can refer to the above formula (1).
- the favorable position determination unit 260 is used to quantitatively evaluate the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity based on the internal structure index FIS and determine the favorable drainage position.
- the favorable position determination unit 260 can be specifically used to compare the internal structure index FIS with the FIS threshold to quantitatively evaluate the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity and determine the favorable drainage position.
- the device of the present application may further include: a FIS threshold determination unit, which is used to determine the FIS threshold by statistically analyzing the data of the main fault zones controlling the oil reservoirs found in the area.
- a FIS threshold determination unit which is used to determine the FIS threshold by statistically analyzing the data of the main fault zones controlling the oil reservoirs found in the area.
- the favorable position determination unit 260 can be further specifically used to calculate the difference between the internal structure index FIS and the FIS threshold, the larger the difference is, the stronger the fault oil and gas migration and drainage capacity is, and the position where the difference is greater than the preset threshold is determined as a favorable drainage position.
- the earthquake prediction system of the internal structure of the fault zone proposed in the present invention takes into account the factors of the internal structure of the fault zone and its seismic reflection characteristics, introduces the information dimension DIM parameter in the fractal theory to describe the ordered internal structure of the fault zone, draws on the chaotic system research method to characterize the chaotic and disordered reflection characteristics of the fault zone in earthquakes, and proposes an index FIS that is closely related to the internal structure of the fault zone and the seismic reflection characteristics, so as to reflect the more objective characteristics of the internal fault zone, and achieve the purpose of quantitatively evaluating the fault migration and drainage oil and gas capacity and determining favorable locations.
- this application does not need to count a large number of geological parameters, but directly determines the drainage location with seismic data, and the implementation process is more intuitive and fast, which is a direct use of seismic data and a deep mining process.
- FIG3 is a seismic profile of a fault zone in a basin
- FIG4 is a plane diagram of the internal structural index FIS distribution of the fault zone corresponding to FIG3 .
- the FIS index is closely related to the location of the fault, and there are obvious changes within the same fault zone. This change not only reflects the difference in its internal structure, but also reflects its ability to conduct oil and gas vertically and its favorable locations.
- the FIS high-value area is a location that is conducive to the migration and conduction of oil and gas
- the FIS low-value area is a location that is more closed and hinders the vertical migration of oil and gas.
- Figure 3 represents the seismic profile passing through the interior of the fault. Its profile position is shown in the curve ABCD in Figure 4. It can be clearly seen that in the BC segment of the fault plane, the interpolated layer jumps greatly and shows disordered wonton features, which are irregular and disordered, reflecting that the seismic data inside the fault zone has disordered wonton features.
- the layers and seismic reflection features have complete and traceable structural reflection features, which shows that the FIS index is objective and stable in distinguishing the reflection features inside the fault zone.
- FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- the electronic device shown in FIG5 is a general data processing device, which includes a general computer hardware structure, which at least includes a processor 801 and a memory 802.
- the processor 801 and the memory 802 are connected via a bus 803.
- the memory 802 is suitable for storing one or more instructions or programs executable by the processor 801.
- the one or more instructions or programs are executed by the processor 801 to implement the steps in the earthquake prediction method of the internal structure of the fault zone.
- the processor 801 may be an independent microprocessor or a collection of one or more microprocessors. Thus, the processor 801 executes the commands stored in the memory 802 to execute the method flow of the embodiment of the present invention as described above to realize the processing of data and the control of other devices.
- the bus 803 connects the above-mentioned multiple components together, and at the same time connects the above-mentioned components to the display controller 804 and the display device and the input/output (I/O) device 805.
- the input/output (I/O) device 805 may be a mouse, a keyboard, a modem, a network interface, a touch input device, a somatosensory input device, a printer, and other devices known in the art. Typically, the input/output (I/O) device 805 is connected to the system via an input/output (I/O) controller 806.
- the memory 802 may store software components such as an operating system, a communication module, an interaction module, and an application program. Each of the modules and applications described above corresponds to a set of executable program instructions that implement one or more functions and methods described in the embodiments of the invention.
- An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for earthquake prediction of the internal structure of a fault zone.
- An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program/instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for earthquake prediction of the internal structure of a fault zone.
- the earthquake prediction method and system of the internal structure of the fault zone proposed in the present invention takes into account the factors of the internal structure of the fault zone and its seismic reflection characteristics, introduces the information dimension DIM parameter in fractal theory to describe the orderly internal structure of the fault zone, draws on the chaotic system research method to characterize the chaotic and disordered reflection characteristics of the fault zone in earthquakes, and proposes the index FIS closely related to the internal structure of the fault zone and the seismic reflection characteristics, so as to reflect the more objective characteristics of the internal fault zone and achieve the purpose of quantitatively evaluating the fault's ability to migrate and divert oil and gas and determining favorable locations.
- this application does not need to count a large number of geological parameters, but directly uses seismic data to determine the drainage locations.
- the implementation process is more intuitive and rapid, and it is a direct use and in-depth mining process of seismic data.
- embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
- computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
- each process and/or box in the flowchart and/or block diagram, as well as the combination of the process and/or box in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be implemented by computer program instructions.
- These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a device for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
- These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
- These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
Abstract
本发明提供了一种断层带内部结构的地震预测方法及系统，方法包括：获取石油地震勘探所得到的地震数据；根据所述地震数据计算目的层段及其以下地震数据体的第三代相干属性EIG；在相干数据切片上计算信息维DIM；在所述地震数据上采用Lyapunov指数计算混沌函数CHOI；根据所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI获取断裂带内部结构指数FIS；基于所述内部结构指数FIS来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。本申请与传统的SGR等方法相比，本申请不需要统计大量的地质参数，而是直接以地震资料进行疏导部位的确定，实现过程更为直观快速，是对地震资料的直接利用及深度挖掘过程。
Description
本申请涉及油气田勘探开发技术领域、涉及压缩空气储能地下储能室选址地质工程技术领域，其涉及一种断层带内部结构的地震预测方法及系统。
目前石油公司在很多探区开展石油勘探开发生产，有些探区的油藏类型主要是断块油气藏。本领域研究关注断层的封闭性和对油气的疏导作用，传统的评价方法是基于众多的地质参数统计，例如经典的断层泥岩比率(Shale Gouge Ratio，SGR)、断距、泥质含量，泥岩涂抹参数等，因受制于资料而步骤繁杂；对石油勘探而言，地震资料是大量采集并使用的大数据，包含丰富的断层带内部反射的信息，但目前在断层的封闭性和对油气的疏导作用研究方面，地震资料的使用基本仅限于时间time属性，信息挖掘远远不够，目前没有实现用地震资料直接识别断层带内部结构，判别其对油气成藏的作用，对地下储气库和新型的压缩空气地下储能室选址和运行的影响，限制了利用基于大数据的智能物探手段解决“断层对油气藏作用”、对地下储气库和新型的地下洞穴储能室评价的发展。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种断层带内部结构的地震预测方法及系统，以至少解决现有技术中无法直接利用地震资料评价断层带给油气勘探和地下地质工程建设影响的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下方案：
根据本发明的第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种断层带内部结构的地震预测方法，所述方法包括：获取石油地震勘探所得到的地震数据；根据所述地震数据计算目的层段及其以下地震数据体的第三代相干属性EIG；在相干数据切片上计算信息维DIM；在所述地震数据上采用Lyapunov指数计算混沌函数CHOI；根据所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI获取断裂带内部结构指数FIS；基于所述内部结构指数FIS来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
优选的，本实施例上述步骤中基于所述内部结构指数FIS来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位包括：将所述内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值相比较，来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
优选的，本实施例上述步骤中可以通过统计区域上已发现的油藏主控断层断裂带的数据来确定FIS阈值。
优选的，本实施例上述步骤中将所述内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值相比较，来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位包括：计算内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值的差值，所述差值越大，断层油气运移疏导能力越强，将所述差值大于预设阈值的部位确定为有利疏导部位。
优选的，本实施例上述步骤中根据所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI获取断裂带内部结构指数FIS包括：将所述通过第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI作为内部结构指数FIS公式的输入参数，获取到断裂带内部结构指数FIS，所述内部结构指数FIS公式如下：
根据本发明的第二方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种断层带内部结构的地震预测系统，所述系统包括：地震数据获取单元，用于获取石油地震勘探所得到的地震数据；相干属性计算单元，用于根据所述地震数据计算目的层段及其以下地震数据体的第三代相干属性EIG；信息维计算单元，用于在相干数据切片上计算信息维DIM；混沌函数计算单元，用于在所述地震数据上采用Lyapunov指数计算混沌函数CHOI；结构指数获取单元，用于根据所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI获取断裂带内部结构指数FIS；有利部位确定单元，用于基于所述内部结构指数FIS来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
优选的，本实施例中上述有利部位确定单元具体用于：将所述内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值相比较，来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
优选的，本实施例的装置还包括：FIS阈值确定单元，用于通过统计区域上已发现的油藏主控断层断裂带的数据来确定FIS阈值。
优选的，本实施例中上述有利部位确定单元进一步具体用于：计算内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值的差值，所述差值越大，断层油气运移疏导能力越强，将所述差值大于预设阈值的部位确定为有利疏导部位。
根据本发明的第三方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述方法的步骤。
根据本发明的第四方面，本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述方法的步骤。
本发明所提出的断层带内部结构的地震预测方法和系统，考虑了断裂带内部结构和其地震反射特征的因素，引入分形理论中信息维DIM参数描述断层带有序内部结构，借鉴混沌系统研究方法表征断层带在地震上的杂乱无序反射特征，并提出了与断裂带内部结构和地震反射特征紧密相关联的指数FIS，从而可以反映断裂带内部较为客观的特征，达到定量评价断层运移疏导油气能力、确定有利部位的目的。与传统的SGR等方法相比，本申请不需要统计大量的地质参数，而是直接以地震资料进行疏导部位的确定，实现过程更为直观快速，是对地震资料的直接利用及深度挖掘过程。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。在附图中：
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种断层带内部结构的地震预测方法的流程示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种断层带内部结构的地震预测系统的结构示意图；
图3是某盆地过断裂带内部的地震剖面图；
图4是与图3对应的断裂带内部结构指数FIS分布平面图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图对本发明实施例做进一步详细说明。在此，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，但并不作为对本发明的限定。
如图1所示为本申请实施例提供的一种断层带内部结构的地震预测方法的流程示意图，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S101：获取石油地震勘探所得到的地震数据。
本申请在确定油气有利疏导部位的时候，并不需要统计大量的地质参数，而是仅用到待预测断层裂带所在区域的地震数据。
步骤S102：根据所述地震数据计算目的层段及其以下地震数据体的第三代相干属性EIG。
第三代相干属性EIG，定义为在相干时窗范围内估算目标地震道及其相邻多道的协方差矩阵的最大特征值与所有特征值之和之比。其计算过程中需要进行倾角扫描，用扫描后的相干时窗内的地震数据构建协方差矩阵，通过计算协方差矩阵的特征值来估算相干值，最后求取最大特征值与所有特征值之和的比值，即EIG特征值。表达式是：
其中C3，第三代相干值，也即EIG；
λmax，最大特征值；
λi，时窗内任意地震道特征值。
步骤S103：在相干数据切片上计算信息维DIM。
分形理论是研究非线性系统的科学，其中信息维DIM是描述非线性系统的一个参数，其可以通过盒子(box)法求取得到。
信息维数不仅考虑覆盖所需求的个数，而且考虑分形集的元素在覆盖中出现的概率，因此更能客观的反映分形体的分形特征。
基于相干切片上计算的具有线性结构特征的EIG数据，将其视为大型断裂构造和其伴生的低序级小尺度断裂在二维平面上的分布，其具体分析方法是将研究区用边长为r的正方形分割为N(r)份，若分形集的元素出现在第i个单元的概率为Pi(r)，则根据信息论，这时的总信息量为：
若变化r,则有I(r)＝I0-D1ln r，从而信息维为:
其中Pi(r)为断裂落入第i个边长(长度)为r盒子内的概率，也称为断裂强度。令ni为第i个尺度为r的盒子内的断裂条数，N(r)为盒子总数，则这一概率为：
在实际计算中，变换盒子边长r值，如果I(r)与lnr之间存在线性关系：
I(r)＝-D1lnr+I0 (5)
I(r)＝-D1lnr+I0 (5)
则可由直线的斜率求出信息维数D1。
上述中的D1，也就是本步骤中的信息维DIM。
步骤S104：在所述地震数据上采用Lyapunov指数计算混沌函数CHOI。
在本实施例中，将动力学中混沌函数CHOI应用在对断裂带内部的无序地震信号的表征，是对断层内部无法成像的破碎带的定量描述。本申请使用的混沌函数CHOI是采用Lyapunov指数来计算的。
Lyapunov指数是衡量系统动力学特性的一个重要定量指标，它表征了系统在相对空间中相邻轨道间收敛或发散的平均指数率。一个正的Lyapunov指数意味着在系统相空间中，无论初始两条轨线的间距多么小，其差别都会随着时间的演化而成指数率的增加以致达到无法预测，这就是混沌现象。具体的，Lyapunov指数用Jocobian方法实现的，其适用于时间序列噪声大，切空间中小向量接近线性的演变，因此符合石油地震数据中断层带的杂乱特征。
步骤S105：根据所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI获取断裂带内部结构指数FIS。
在本实施例中，由上述三种参数所得到的内部结构指数FIS可以将断裂带内部结构和地震反射特征紧密相关联，因此可以反应断裂带内部较为客观的特征，从而可以为确定油气有利疏导部位提供依据。
优选的，可以将所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI作为内部结构指数FIS公式的输入参数，获取到断裂带内部结构指数FIS，该内部结构指数FIS公式(6)如下：
步骤S106：基于所述内部结构指数FIS来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
优选的，本步骤可以将内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值相比较，来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。这里的FIS阈值是通过统计区域上已发现的油藏主控断层断裂带的数据来确定的，即根据已有数据形成一比较模板，如果本次计算出的内部结
构指数FIS比FIS阈值大，则该断层开启油气运移疏导的可能性越高，反之则可能性越小。
因此，优选的，本步骤可以计算内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值的差值，若得到的差值越大，则该断层油气运移疏导能力越强，同时可以将差值大于预设阈值的部位确定为有利疏导部位。
本发明所提出的断层带内部结构的地震预测方法，考虑了断裂带内部结构和其地震反射特征的因素，引入分形理论中信息维DIM参数描述断层带有序内部结构，借鉴混沌系统研究方法表征断层带在地震上的杂乱无序反射特征，并提出了与断裂带内部结构和地震反射特征紧密相关联的指数FIS，从而可以反映断裂带内部较为客观的特征，达到定量评价断层运移疏导油气能力、确定有利部位的目的。与传统的SGR等方法相比，本申请不需要统计大量的地质参数，而是直接以地震资料进行疏导部位的确定，实现过程更为直观快速，是对地震资料的直接利用及深度挖掘过程。本申请实现了断层带内部非均质的定量评价，适用于断层油气圈闭的有效性评价、也适用于地下储气室、压缩空气储能类地下储能室(地下洞穴、浅层圈闭、废弃油气藏)的地质选址和安全运行的地质工程评价。
如图2所示为本申请实施例提供的一种断层带内部结构的地震预测系统的结构示意图，该装置包括：地震数据获取单元210、相干属性计算单元220、信息维计算单元230、混沌函数计算单元240、结构指数获取单元250和有利部位确定单元260，其中地震数据获取单元210分别和相干属性计算单元220、信息维计算单元230及混沌函数计算单元240相连，结构指数获取单元250分别和相干属性计算单元220、信息维计算单元230、混沌函数计算单元240及有利部位确定单元260相连。
地震数据获取单元210用于获取石油地震勘探所得到的地震数据。
相干属性计算单元220用于根据所述地震数据计算目的层段及其以下地震数据体的第三代相干属性EIG。
信息维计算单元230用于在相干数据切片上计算信息维DIM。
混沌函数计算单元240用于在所述地震数据上采用Lyapunov指数计算混沌函数CHOI。
结构指数获取单元250用于根据所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI获取断裂带内部结构指数FIS。
优选的，可以将所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI作为内部结构指数FIS公式的输入参数，获取到断裂带内部结构指数FIS，该内部结构指数FIS公式可以参见上述公式(1)。
有利部位确定单元260用于基于所述内部结构指数FIS来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
优选的，上述有利部位确定单元260具体可以用于：将所述内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值相比较，来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
优选的，本申请的装置还可以包括：FIS阈值确定单元，其用于通过统计区域上已发现的油藏主控断层断裂带的数据来确定FIS阈值。
优选的，上述有利部位确定单元260可以进一步具体用于：计算内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值的差值，所述差值越大，断层油气运移疏导能力越强，将所述差值大于预设阈值的部位确定为有利疏导部位。
上述各单元的详细描述可以参见前述方法实施例中对应的描述，在此不再继续赘述。
本发明所提出的断层带内部结构的地震预测系统，考虑了断裂带内部结构和其地震反射特征的因素，引入分形理论中信息维DIM参数描述断层带有序内部结构，借鉴混沌系统研究方法表征断层带在地震上的杂乱无序反射特征，并提出了与断裂带内部结构和地震反射特征紧密相关联的指数FIS，从而可以反映断裂带内部较为客观的特征，达到定量评价断层运移疏导油气能力、确定有利部位的目的。与传统的SGR等方法相比，本申请不需要统计大量的地质参数，而是直接以地震资料进行疏导部位的确定，实现过程更为直观快速，是对地震资料的直接利用及深度挖掘过程。
下面以某盆地的断层为例来对上述方法和装置进行进一步的描述：
如图3所示为某盆地过断裂带内部的地震剖面图，图4为与图3对应的断裂带内部结构指数FIS分布平面图。
由图4可以明显看出FIS指数与断裂的位置紧密关联，而且在同一条断裂带内部是有明显的变化的，这种变化不仅是反映了其内部结构差异性，还反映出其对油气在垂向上的疏导能力及有利部位。具体的，FIS高值区是利于油气运移疏导的部位；FIS低值区是封闭性更好的阻碍油气垂向运移的部位。结合本区油气层和油气井的分布情况，统计认为FIS指数越大，越利于油气的运移疏导，反之亦然，说明本发明的应用效果符合地质规律，具有可靠性。以海拉尔盆地某工区为例，图3代表了过断层内部的地震剖面，
其剖面位置见图4中曲线ABCD所示，明显的看出在断层面的BC段位置，插值后的层位跳动幅度大，出现无序的馄饨特征，是无规律紊乱的，反映出在断裂带内部地震数据是无序的馄饨特征，远离断层面的位置，如AB段和CD段，层位和地震反射特征均有完整的可追踪的结构反射特征，这说明FIS指数在分辨断层带内部反射特征上是客观的、稳定的。
图5是本发明实施例提供的电子设备的示意图。图5所示的电子设备为通用数据处理装置，其包括通用的计算机硬件结构，其至少包括处理器801和存储器802。处理器801和存储器802通过总线803连接。存储器802适于存储处理器801可执行的一条或多条指令或程序。该一条或多条指令或程序被处理器801执行以实现上述断层带内部结构的地震预测方法中的步骤。
上述处理器801可以是独立的微处理器，也可以是一个或者多个微处理器集合。由此，处理器801通过执行存储器802所存储的命令，从而执行如上所述的本发明实施例的方法流程实现对于数据的处理和对于其他装置的控制。总线803将上述多个组件连接在一起，同时将上述组件连接到显示控制器804和显示装置以及输入/输出(I/O)装置805。输入/输出(I/O)装置805可以是鼠标、键盘、调制解调器、网络接口、触控输入装置、体感输入装置、打印机以及本领域公知的其他装置。典型地，输入/输出(I/O)装置805通过输入/输出(I/O)控制器806与系统相连。
其中，存储器802可以存储软件组件，例如操作系统、通信模块、交互模块以及应用程序。以上所述的每个模块和应用程序都对应于完成一个或多个功能和在发明实施例中描述的方法的一组可执行程序指令。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时以实现上述断层带内部结构的地震预测方法的步骤。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序/指令，该计算机程序/指令被处理器执行时实现上述断层带内部结构的地震预测方法的步骤。
综上所述，本发明所提出的断层带内部结构的地震预测方法和系统，考虑了断裂带内部结构和其地震反射特征的因素，引入分形理论中信息维DIM参数描述断层带有序内部结构，借鉴混沌系统研究方法表征断层带在地震上的杂乱无序反射特征，并提出了与断裂带内部结构和地震反射特征紧密相关联的指数FIS，从而可以反映断裂带内部较为客观的特征，达到定量评价断层运移疏导油气能力、确定有利部位的目的。与传统的
SGR等方法相比，本申请不需要统计大量的地质参数，而是直接以地震资料进行疏导部位的确定，实现过程更为直观快速，是对地震资料的直接利用及深度挖掘过程。
以上参照附图描述了本发明的优选实施方式。这些实施方式的许多特征和优点根据该详细的说明书是清楚的，因此权利要求旨在覆盖这些实施方式的落入其真实精神和范围内的所有这些特征和优点。此外，由于本领域的技术人员容易想到很多修改和改变，因此不是要将本发明的实施方式限于所例示和描述的精确结构和操作，而是可以涵盖落入其范围内的所有合适修改和等同物。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应
包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
- 一种断层带内部结构的地震预测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：获取石油地震勘探所得到的地震数据；根据所述地震数据计算目的层段及其以下地震数据体的第三代相干属性EIG；在相干数据切片上计算信息维DIM；在所述地震数据上采用Lyapunov指数计算混沌函数CHOI；根据所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI获取断裂带内部结构指数FIS；基于所述内部结构指数FIS来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
- 如权利要求1所述的断层带内部结构的地震预测方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述内部结构指数FIS来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位包括：将所述内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值相比较，来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
- 如权利要求2所述的断层带内部结构的地震预测方法，其特征在于，通过统计研究区域上已发现的油藏主控断层断裂带的数据来确定FIS阈值。
- 如权利要求2所述的断层带内部结构的地震预测方法，其特征在于，将所述内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值相比较，来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位包括：计算内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值的差值，所述差值越大，断层油气运移疏导能力越强，将所述差值大于预设阈值的部位确定为有利疏导部位。
- 如权利要求1所述的断层带内部结构的地震预测方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI获取断裂带内部结构指数FIS包括：将所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI作为内部结构指数FIS公式的输入参数，获取到断裂带内部结构指数FIS，所述内部结构指数FIS公式如下：
- 一种断层带内部结构的地震预测系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：地震数据获取单元，用于获取石油地震勘探所得到的地震数据；相干属性计算单元，用于根据所述地震数据计算目的层段及其以下地震数据体的第三代相干属性EIG；信息维计算单元，用于在相干数据切片上计算信息维DIM；混沌函数计算单元，用于在所述地震数据上采用Lyapunov指数计算混沌函数CHOI；结构指数获取单元，用于根据所述第三代相干属性EIG、所述信息维DIM和所述混沌函数CHOI获取断裂带内部结构指数FIS；有利部位确定单元，用于基于所述内部结构指数FIS来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
- 如权利要求6所述的断层带内部结构的地震预测系统，其特征在于，所述有利部位确定单元具体用于：将所述内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值相比较，来定量评价断层油气运移疏导能力并确定有利疏导部位。
- 如权利要求7所述的断层带内部结构的地震预测系统，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：FIS阈值确定单元，用于通过统计区域上已发现的油藏主控断层断裂带的数据来确定FIS阈值。
- 如权利要求7所述的断层带内部结构的地震预测系统，其特征在于，所述有利部位确定单元进一步具体用于：计算内部结构指数FIS与FIS阈值的差值，所述差值越大，断层油气运移疏导能力越强，将所述差值大于预设阈值的部位确定为有利疏导部位。
- 一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求1至5任一项所述方法的步骤。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至5任一项所述方法的步骤。
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| CN106443783A (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-02-22 | 中国地质大学（北京） | 一种基于断层活动性的多期次裂缝定量预测方法 |
| CN106842299A (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-06-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种基于地震属性的裂缝定量化预测的方法 |
| JP2020106531A (ja) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-09 | 平井 花海 | 地震予測装置及び地震予測方法 |
| CN114117617A (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种三跨内廊式rc框架建筑地震响应的快速预测方法 |
| CN114236604A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | 用于地震预报的监测数据处理方法、地震预报方法和系统 |
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| CN106443783A (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-02-22 | 中国地质大学（北京） | 一种基于断层活动性的多期次裂缝定量预测方法 |
| CN106842299A (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-06-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种基于地震属性的裂缝定量化预测的方法 |
| JP2020106531A (ja) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-09 | 平井 花海 | 地震予測装置及び地震予測方法 |
| CN114117617A (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种三跨内廊式rc框架建筑地震响应的快速预测方法 |
| CN114236604A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | 用于地震预报的监测数据处理方法、地震预报方法和系统 |
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