WO2024078084A1 - 磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机 - Google Patents

磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024078084A1
WO2024078084A1 PCT/CN2023/108191 CN2023108191W WO2024078084A1 WO 2024078084 A1 WO2024078084 A1 WO 2024078084A1 CN 2023108191 W CN2023108191 W CN 2023108191W WO 2024078084 A1 WO2024078084 A1 WO 2024078084A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radial
axial
stator
bearing
annular portion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/108191
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭伟林
龚高
张超
Original Assignee
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024078084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024078084A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0459—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0461—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0459—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0461—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0463—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with electromagnetic bias, e.g. by extra bias windings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0459—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0468—Details of the magnetic circuit of moving parts of the magnetic circuit, e.g. of the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0485—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of three degrees of freedom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of magnetic suspension technology, and in particular to a magnetic suspension active three-degree-of-freedom bearing, a motor and a compressor.
  • Magnetic bearings use the electromagnetic force on the rotor to suspend the shaft, and the shaft and stator remain in a non-contact state, so they have the advantages of no wear, high speed, high precision, and long life.
  • Magnetic bearings can be divided into three categories according to their working principles: active magnetic bearings, passive magnetic bearings, and hybrid magnetic bearings.
  • the active three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing in patent number CN110017330A has a complex structure and uses an E-shaped salient pole radial segmented stator to form a bias flux for the radial bearing. Its processing and manufacturing process is complex and difficult to assemble, and there is leakage of magnetic flux in the axial direction of the radial suspended winding.
  • the magnetically levitated active three-degree-of-freedom bearing forms the bias magnetic flux of the radial bearing by setting an offset stator, it leads to technical problems such as complex structure, large volume, complex process, and difficult assembly. Therefore, a magnetically levitated active three-degree-of-freedom bearing, motor and compressor are designed.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to improve the defects of complex structure and large volume in a magnetically levitated active three-degree-of-freedom bearing by setting an offset stator to form a bias magnetic flux of the radial bearing, thereby providing a magnetically levitated active three-degree-of-freedom bearing, a motor and a compressor.
  • a magnetically suspended active three-degree-of-freedom bearing comprising:
  • the axial magnetic bearing comprises a first axial stator and a second axial stator
  • the radial magnetic bearing comprises a radial stator
  • the bearing rotor is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft and can rotate with the rotating shaft
  • the radial stator is located on the outer periphery of the bearing rotor and can apply a radial electromagnetic force to the bearing rotor
  • at least part of the structure of the first axial stator is located at one axial end of the bearing rotor along the axial direction of the rotating shaft
  • At least part of the structure of the second axial stator is located at the other axial end of the bearing rotor
  • the first axial stator and the second axial stator can apply axial electromagnetic force to the bearing rotor;
  • the axial length of the radial core is less than the axial length of the bearing rotor, and the first axial end of the bearing rotor opposite to the first axial stator protrudes a first preset distance from the third axial end of the radial core opposite to the first axial stator, so that the third axial end of the radial core is retracted relative to the first axial end to form a first space, and at least a portion of the structure of the first axial stator extends to connect with the radial outer end of the radial core;
  • the second axial end of the bearing rotor opposite to the second axial stator protrudes a second preset distance more than the fourth axial end of the radial core opposite to the second axial stator, so that the fourth axial end of the radial core retracts relative to the second axial end to form a second space, and at least part of the structure of the second axial stator extends to connect with the radial outer end of the radial core.
  • the first axial stator includes a first axial core and a first axial winding
  • the first axial core is an annular structure
  • the first axial core includes a first main body, a first annular portion and a second annular portion
  • the first main body is a disc structure having a first center hole, the first center hole accommodates the rotating shaft passing therethrough
  • the second annular portion is located radially outside the first annular portion
  • one end of the first annular portion is connected to the first main body and the other end extends toward the direction of the bearing rotor to be opposite to the bearing rotor
  • one end of the second annular portion is connected to the first main body and the other end extends toward the direction of the radial core to be connected to the radial outer end of the radial core to form a first accommodating groove between the radial outer side of the first annular portion and the radial inner side of the second annular portion
  • the first axial winding is arranged in the first accommodating groove and is wound around the inner circumference
  • the first annular portion extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft and is spaced apart from the bearing rotor by a third preset distance to form an axial working gap; the second annular portion also extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft;
  • the axial length of the second annular portion is greater than that of the first annular portion, and an end of the second annular portion opposite to the first main body portion is located radially outside the radial core.
  • the second axial stator includes a second axial iron core and a second axial winding
  • the second axial iron core is an annular structure
  • the second axial iron core includes a second main body, a third annular portion and a fourth annular portion
  • the second main body is a disc structure having a second center hole
  • the second center hole accommodates the rotating shaft passing therethrough
  • the fourth annular portion is located radially outside the third annular portion
  • one end of the third annular portion is connected to the second main body and the other end extends toward the direction of the bearing rotor to be opposite to the bearing rotor
  • one end of the fourth annular portion is connected to the second main body and the other end extends to connect with the radial outer end of the radial iron core to form a second accommodating groove between the radial outer side of the third annular portion and the radial inner side of the fourth annular portion
  • the second axial winding is arranged in the second accommodating groove and wound around the inner circumference of the fourth annular portion
  • the third annular portion extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft and is spaced apart from the bearing rotor by a fifth preset distance to form an axial working gap; the fourth annular portion also extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft;
  • the axial length of the fourth annular portion is greater than that of the third annular portion, and the end of the fourth annular portion opposite to the second main body portion is located radially outside the radial core, and the fourth annular portion is connected to or spaced from the second annular portion.
  • the first axial winding and the second axial winding are energized in opposite directions.
  • the radial core includes a radial stator yoke and a radial stator pole
  • the radial stator yoke is an annular structure
  • the radial outer end of the radial stator pole is connected to the radial stator yoke
  • the radial inner end protrudes toward the bearing rotor and has a radial working gap with the bearing rotor
  • each radial stator pole is wound with a radial winding
  • the radial stator includes a first quadrant part located at the upper right, a second quadrant part located at the upper left, a third quadrant part located at the lower left and a fourth quadrant part located at the lower right.
  • the first quadrant part, the second quadrant part, the third quadrant part and the fourth quadrant part are connected in sequence counterclockwise, the first quadrant part and the third quadrant part form a diagonal, the second quadrant part and the fourth quadrant part form a diagonal, and: the magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator pole and the yoke part in the second quadrant part is connected to the magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator pole and the yoke part in the fourth quadrant part to form a left radial control magnetic circuit, and the magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator pole and the yoke part in the first quadrant part is connected to the magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator pole and the yoke part in the third quadrant part to form a right radial control magnetic circuit.
  • the number of radial stator poles is 4n, where n is a natural number.
  • two radial stator poles are provided in each quadrant, and the radial stator pole located in the second quadrant is the upper left radial stator pole, and the radial stator pole located in the fourth quadrant is the lower right radial stator pole.
  • the bias magnetic flux provided by the axial magnetic bearing for the radial magnetic bearing is along the radial direction toward the center of the rotating shaft to form an axial bias magnetic circuit; or, the bias magnetic flux provided by the axial magnetic bearing for the radial magnetic bearing is along the radial direction toward the direction away from the center of the rotating shaft to form an axial bias magnetic circuit; in the two quadrants forming a diagonal shape, the magnetic flux in one quadrant is along the radial direction toward the center of the rotating shaft, and the magnetic flux in the other quadrant is along the radial direction away from the center of the rotating shaft.
  • the first axial stator when the first axial stator includes a first axial core and a first axial winding, the first axial core includes a first main body portion, a first annular portion, and a second annular portion, the second axial stator includes a second axial core and a second axial winding, and the second axial core includes a second main body portion, a third annular portion, and a fourth annular portion:
  • the radial winding is located radially inside the second annular portion and the fourth annular portion at the same time, and the second annular portion and the fourth annular portion are both located radially outside the radial stator yoke.
  • the present disclosure also provides a motor, which includes the magnetically suspended active three-degree-of-freedom bearing of any of the preceding items.
  • the present disclosure also provides a compressor, which includes the magnetically suspended active three-degree-of-freedom bearing of any of the preceding items.
  • the present invention provides a magnetically suspended active three-degree-of-freedom bearing, a motor and a compressor, which have the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention effectively arranges the axial magnetic bearing and the radial magnetic bearing so that the radial stator is located at the outer periphery of the bearing rotor and can apply radial electromagnetic force to the bearing rotor. At least part of the structure of the first axial stator is located at one axial end of the bearing rotor, and at least part of the structure of the second axial stator is located at the other axial end of the bearing rotor.
  • the second axial stator applies an axial electromagnetic force to the bearing rotor, so that the bearing rotor can adjust the radial offset of the rotating shaft by the radial electromagnetic force applied by the radial stator, and at the same time, the bearing rotor can adjust the axial offset of the rotating shaft by the axial electromagnetic force applied by the first and second axial stators, ultimately achieving the purpose of radial and axial support for the rotating shaft, and at least part of the structure of the first axial stator is located radially outside the radial stator, and at least part of the structure of the second axial stator is located radially outside the radial stator, so that the bias flux of the radial magnetic bearing is provided by the axial magnetic bearing, so that compared with the existing active three-degree-of-freedom magnetic suspension bearing that needs to provide a bias magnetic circuit for the radial bearing by setting structures such as a bias stator, the present disclosure uses the above-mentioned structure to enable the first and second axial stators to provide
  • the axial magnetic bearing needs to be provided with a thrust bearing to provide axial force to the rotating shaft, and the radial magnetic bearing rotor needs to be provided with a radial magnetic bearing.
  • the thrust bearing structure is omitted, so that the axial size of the rotor is reduced and shortened, and the radial bearing and the axial bearing are integrated without a thrust plate.
  • the structure is compact, the bearing size is reduced, the rotor length is shortened, the critical speed of the rotor is increased, and the stability and applicability of the magnetic suspension system are improved;
  • the present invention provides a bias magnetic circuit for the radial stator through the axial stator, which can effectively omit the structure of the permanent magnet compared with the hybrid magnetic suspension bearing, has low cost, convenient assembly, large bearing capacity, and can operate at high power;
  • the present invention also arranges the radial winding on the radial inner side of the first axial iron core and the second axial iron core, and the second annular portion and the fourth annular portion are both located on the outer side of the radial iron core.
  • the upper magnetic pole of the axial stator is located next to the radial stator yoke (that is, the existing upper magnetic pole of the axial stator is located on the axial side of the radial stator yoke)
  • it can significantly shorten the outer diameter of the radial stator and the thickness of the axial stator under the same axial output, and reduce the volume of the bearing stator; the present invention also provides a two-way power amplifier through the diagonally connected radial magnetic circuit.
  • the present invention can effectively reduce material costs and current losses, and the above-mentioned magnetic circuit controls the radial movement of the shaft in a wide range of directions, has a good control effect, high precision, and a simple control method.
  • FIG1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional structural diagram of a magnetically suspended active three-degree-of-freedom bearing disclosed in the present invention (axial cross-section, axial magnetic circuit of the three-degree-of-freedom bearing);
  • FIG2 is a diagram showing the matching structure of the axial stator, radial stator and bearing rotor in the upper half of FIG1 ;
  • FIG 3 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the magnetically suspended active three-degree-of-freedom bearing disclosed in the present invention (radial cross section, radial magnetic circuit of the three-degree-of-freedom bearing).
  • the reference numerals indicate: 100, axial magnetic bearing; 300, first axial stator; 1, first axial iron core; 1a, first main body; 1b, first annular portion; 1c, second annular portion; 1d, first receiving groove; 3, first axial winding; 400, second axial stator; 2. Second axial core; 2a. Second main body; 2b. Third annular portion; 2c. Fourth annular portion; 2d. Second accommodating groove; 4. Second axial winding; 200. Radial magnetic bearing; 500. Radial stator; 5. Radial winding; 6. Radial core; 61. Third axial end; 62. Fourth axial end; 7. Bearing rotor; 71. First axial end; 72. Second axial end; 8. Rotating shaft; 9.
  • the present disclosure provides a magnetically suspended active three-degree-of-freedom bearing, which includes:
  • the axial magnetic bearing 100 comprises a first axial stator 300 and a second axial stator 400
  • the radial magnetic bearing 200 comprises a radial stator 500
  • the bearing rotor 7 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 8 and can rotate along with the rotating shaft 8
  • the radial stator 500 is located on the outer periphery of the bearing rotor 7 and can apply a radial electromagnetic force to the bearing rotor 7, at least part of the structure of the first axial stator 300 is located at one axial end of the bearing rotor 7 along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 8
  • at least part of the structure of the second axial stator 400 is located at the other axial end of the bearing rotor 7, the first axial stat
  • the radial stator 500 includes a radial iron core 6 and a radial winding 5.
  • the radial iron core 6 is an annular structure and is sleeved on the radial outside of the bearing rotor 7.
  • At least part of the structure of the first axial stator 300 is located on the radial outside of the radial winding 5 (that is, also located on the radial outside of the bearing rotor), and at least part of the structure of the first axial stator 300 is connected to the radial outer end of the radial iron core.
  • At least part of the structure of the second axial stator 400 is located on the radial outside of the radial winding 5 (that is, also located on the radial outside of the bearing rotor), and at least part of the structure of the second axial stator 400 is connected to the radial outer end of the radial iron core, so that the bias flux of the radial magnetic bearing 200 is provided by the axial magnetic bearing 100.
  • the present invention effectively arranges the axial magnetic bearing and the radial magnetic bearing so that the radial stator is located at the outer periphery of the bearing rotor and can apply radial electromagnetic force to the bearing rotor.
  • At least part of the structure of the first axial stator is located at one axial end of the bearing rotor, and at least part of the structure of the second axial stator is located at the other axial end of the bearing rotor.
  • the first axial stator and the second axial stator can apply axial electromagnetic force to the bearing rotor, so that the radial offset of the rotating shaft can be adjusted by the radial electromagnetic force applied by the radial stator to the bearing rotor.
  • the axial offset of the rotating shaft can be adjusted by the axial electromagnetic force applied by the first and second axial stators to the bearing rotor, so as to finally achieve the purpose of radial and axial support for the rotating shaft.
  • At least part of the structure of the first axial stator is located at the radial outer side of the radial stator, and at least part of the structure of the second axial stator is located at the radial outer side of the radial stator, so that the bias magnetic flux of the radial magnetic bearing is provided by the axial magnetic bearing.
  • the present invention Compared with the existing active three-degree-of-freedom magnetic suspension bearing that needs to provide a bias magnetic circuit for the radial bearing by setting a structure such as a bias stator, the present invention enables the first and second axial stators to provide a bias magnetic circuit for the radial stator through the above-mentioned structure, eliminating the original Some structures, such as the offset stator, are more compact and simple in structure, with reduced process difficulty, reduced volume and easy assembly.
  • the present invention combines the radial magnetic bearing with the axial magnetic bearing to form an integrated shaft and radial integrated magnetic bearing structure.
  • the thrust bearing structure is omitted, so that the axial size of the rotor is reduced and shortened, and the radial bearing and axial bearing are integrated without a thrust plate, with a compact structure, reduced bearing size, shortened rotor length, increased rotor critical speed, and improved stability and applicability of the magnetic suspension system.
  • the present invention provides a biased magnetic circuit for the radial stator through the axial stator, which can effectively omit the structure of the permanent magnet compared to the hybrid magnetic suspension bearing, has low cost, convenient assembly, large load-bearing capacity, and can operate at high power.
  • the active three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing proposed in the present invention adopts a single-coil mode for the axial winding, which is installed in the left and right axial stators and located at both ends of the radial stator yoke (or fixed on the radial stator yoke), saving space, providing an axial magnetic circuit, and controlling the axial movement of the bearing rotor.
  • the radial bearing has 4n magnetic poles (n is 1, 2, 3, 4...), the upper magnetic pole of the radial stator is the N pole, and the lower magnetic pole of the radial top is the S pole (or the upper end is the S pole and the lower end is the N pole).
  • the bias magnetic circuit provided by the axial magnetic circuit in the radial direction enhances or weakens the radial air gap magnetic field, controls the radial movement of the rotating shaft, and simultaneously realizes the movement of the rotating shaft in the radial and axial directions. Under the condition of the same radial and axial output, the volume of the bearing stator is effectively reduced, the length of the rotating shaft is shortened, and the running stability of the rotor is improved.
  • the present invention effectively removes the thrust plate and replaces it with a bearing rotor, so that the radial bearing and the axial bearing are integrated.
  • a thrust plate there is no need to install a thrust plate, the structure is compact, and the process is simple; compared with the usual hybrid three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearings, there is no permanent magnet, and the bias magnetic field and the control magnetic field are provided by electromagnetic force, with large bearing capacity, high rigidity, and flexible control.
  • This three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing can operate at high power and high critical speed, improving the stability and applicability of the magnetic suspension system.
  • the present invention integrates radial bearings and axial bearings, has no thrust plate, has a compact structure, reduces bearing size, shortens rotor length, increases rotor critical speed, and improves the stability and applicability of the magnetic suspension system.
  • the present invention can significantly shorten the radial stator outer diameter and the axial stator thickness under the condition of equal-diameter axial output, thereby reducing the volume of the bearing stator.
  • the radial-axial bearing stator disclosed in the present invention has a simple manufacturing process and is convenient for controlling the axial-radial magnetic circuit.
  • the present invention has high radial and axial integration, no thrust plate, reduced costs, compact structure, simple process, high critical speed and stable performance; the present invention has no permanent magnets, low cost, easy assembly, large bearing capacity and can operate at high power.
  • the axial length of the radial core 6 is less than the axial length of the bearing rotor 7, and the first axial end 71 of the bearing rotor 7 opposite to the first axial stator 300 protrudes by a first preset distance compared to the third axial end 61 of the radial core 6 opposite to the first axial stator 300, so that the third axial end 61 of the radial core 6 is retracted relative to the first axial end 71 to form a first space, and at least part of the structure of the first axial stator 300 extends to the radial end of the radial core 6.
  • the second axial end 72 of the bearing rotor 7 opposite to the second axial stator 400 protrudes a second preset distance from the fourth axial end 62 of the radial core 6 opposite to the second axial stator 400, so that the fourth axial end 62 of the radial core 6 retracts relative to the second axial end 72 to form a second space, and at least part of the structure of the second axial stator 400 extends to connect with the radial outer end of the radial core 6.
  • the present invention has an axial length of a radial core that is shorter than the axial length of a bearing rotor, and can place the magnetic flux leakage of the axial stator through the retracted space, effectively ensuring that the magnetic flux of the two axial stators can enter the radial stator, thereby providing a bias magnetic flux for the radial stator without adding structures such as a bias stator and a permanent magnet.
  • the structure is more compact and the volume is reduced, forming an integrated active three-degree-of-freedom magnetic suspension bearing.
  • At least part of the structure of the first axial stator extends to connect with the outer end of the radial stator, so that the magnetic flux generated by the first axial stator can enter the radial stator and then enter the bearing rotor, providing a bias magnetic circuit for the radial stator without adding a bias stator.
  • the structure is more compact and has a smaller volume.
  • the second space formed by retracting the fourth axial end of the radial core inwardly by a second preset distance relative to the second axial end of the bearing rotor can prevent the magnetic flux of the axial stator from leaking magnetic flux from the radial stator part at the first space position when the first space is not set.
  • At least part of the structure of the second axial stator extends to connect with the outer end of the radial stator, so that the magnetic flux generated by the second axial stator can enter the radial stator and then enter the bearing rotor, providing a bias magnetic circuit for the radial stator.
  • the structure is more compact and has a smaller volume.
  • the first axial stator 300 includes a first axial core 1 and a first axial winding 3.
  • the first axial core 1 is an annular structure.
  • the first axial core 1 includes a first main body portion 1a, a first annular portion 1b (i.e., the left-axis lower magnetic pole 13 in Figure 1) and a second annular portion 1c (i.e., the left-axis upper magnetic pole 9 in Figure 1).
  • the first main body portion 1a is a disc structure with a first center hole, and the first center hole accommodates the rotating shaft 8 to pass therethrough.
  • the second annular portion 1c is located radially outside the first annular portion 1b.
  • first annular portion 1b is connected to the first main body portion 1a (optionally the radial inner end) and the other end extends toward the direction of the bearing rotor 7 to be opposite to the bearing rotor 7.
  • One end of the second annular portion 1c is connected to the first main body portion 1a (optionally the radial outer end) and the other end extends to the radial outer end of the radial core 6 to form a first accommodating groove 1d between the radial outer side of the first annular portion 1b and the radial inner side of the second annular portion 1c.
  • the first axial winding 3 is arranged in the first accommodating groove 1d and is wound around the inner circumference of the second annular portion 1c.
  • a first accommodating groove for accommodating the first axial winding can be formed by the first annular portion and the second annular portion, and the first annular portion is opposite to the bearing rotor to accommodate the passage of the magnetic circuit.
  • the second annular portion extends to the outer end of the radial stator and is connected to the radial stator. Improvements can be made to the radial iron core and the second annular portion so that the second annular portion, the radial iron core, the bearing rotor, the first annular portion and the first main body form a closed-loop magnetic path.
  • Such a structure enables the first axial stator to provide a radial bias magnetic flux for the radial stator, so that the first axial stator
  • the rotor and radial stator are integrated into an integrated structure, which effectively eliminates the thrust plate, permanent magnet, offset stator and other structures.
  • the structure is compact and the volume is effectively reduced.
  • the first annular portion 1b extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 8 and is spaced from the bearing rotor 7 by a third preset distance to form an axial working gap 16; the second annular portion 1c also extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 8; the axial length of the second annular portion 1c is greater than the axial length of the first annular portion 1b, and the end of the second annular portion 1c opposite to the first main body portion 1a is located radially outside the radial core 6.
  • first annular portion and the second annular portion disclosed in the present invention, that is, the first annular portion extends axially and forms an axial working gap with the bearing rotor, so that a magnetic flux can pass between the first annular portion and the bearing rotor, and the first annular portion does not rotate with the bearing rotor, and the second annular portion is connected to the outer end of the radial iron core, so that a magnetic flux can pass between the second annular portion and the radial iron core; the axial length of the second annular portion is greater than the axial length of the first annular portion, so that the second annular portion in the radial direction is opposite to part of the structure of the bearing rotor, and the magnetic circuit in the first axial stator can be transferred to the radial iron core and the bearing rotor, forming a more compact integrated bearing stator and radial stator structure, eliminating structures such as thrust plates, offset stators, permanent magnets, and reducing the volume.
  • the second axial stator 400 includes a second axial core 2 and a second axial winding 4, the second axial core 2 is an annular structure, the second axial core 2 includes a second main body 2a, a third annular portion 2b and a fourth annular portion 2c, the second main body 2a is a disc structure with a second center hole, the second center hole accommodates the rotating shaft 8 to pass therethrough, and the fourth annular portion 2c is located radially outside the third annular portion 2b, one end of the third annular portion 2b is connected to the second main body 2a (optionally the radial inner end) and the other end extends toward the direction of the bearing rotor 7 to be opposite to the bearing rotor 7, one end of the fourth annular portion 2c is connected to the second main body 2a (optionally the radial outer end) and the other end extends to the radial outer end of the radial core 6 to form a second accommodating groove 2d between the radial outer side of the third annular portion
  • a second accommodating groove for accommodating the second axial winding can be formed by the third annular portion and the fourth annular portion, and the third annular portion is opposite to the bearing rotor to accommodate the passage of the magnetic circuit.
  • the fourth annular portion extends to the outer end of the radial stator and is connected to the radial stator. Improvements can be made to the radial iron core and the fourth annular portion so that the fourth annular portion, the radial iron core, the bearing rotor, the third annular portion and the second main body portion form a closed-loop magnetic path.
  • Such a structure can enable the second axial stator to provide a radial bias magnetic flux for the radial stator, so that the second axial stator and the radial stator are integrated into an integrated structure, effectively eliminating structures such as the thrust plate, permanent magnet, and bias stator.
  • the structure is compact and the volume is effectively reduced.
  • the third annular portion 2b extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 8 and is spaced from the bearing rotor 7 by a fifth preset distance to form an axial working gap 16; the fourth annular portion 2c also extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 8; the axial length of the fourth annular portion 2c is greater than the axial length of the third annular portion 2b, and the end of the fourth annular portion 2c opposite to the second main body portion 2a is located radially outside the radial core 6.
  • An axial working gap is formed between the third annular portion and the bearing rotor, so that a magnetic flux can pass between the third annular portion and the bearing rotor, and the third annular portion does not rotate with the bearing rotor.
  • the fourth annular portion is connected to the outer end of the radial iron core, so that a magnetic flux can pass between the fourth annular portion and the radial iron core; the axial length of the fourth annular portion is greater than the axial length of the third annular portion, so that the fourth annular portion in the radial direction is opposite to part of the structure of the bearing rotor, and the magnetic circuit in the second axial stator can be transferred to the radial iron core and the bearing rotor, forming a more compact integrated bearing stator and radial stator structure, eliminating structures such as thrust plates, offset stators, and permanent magnets, and reducing the volume.
  • the first axial winding 3 and the second axial winding 4 are energized in opposite directions.
  • the two axial windings are energized in opposite directions, so that the bias magnetic flux generated by the two axial stators on the radial stator is directed radially inward, and a larger bias magnetic circuit can be provided for the radial core, thereby reducing the radial magnetic flux of the radial winding, reducing the power of the radial winding, and improving the utilization rate of the axial magnetic bearing;
  • the radial winding is wound in the axial direction to generate a magnetic flux in the radial direction, which can point to the radial inside or the radial outside, thereby providing a control magnetic path for the radial output of the magnetic suspension bearing.
  • the active three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing structure disclosed in the present invention is shown in Figure 1.
  • the thrust plate is removed and replaced by a bearing rotor.
  • the axial stator is located at both ends of the radial stator, and the radial bearing and the axial bearing are integrated.
  • the structure is mainly composed of a left axial stator (including a first axial iron core 1 and a first axial winding 3), a right axial stator (including a second axial iron core 2 and a second axial winding 4), a radial winding 5, a radial stator (including a radial iron core 6 and a radial winding 5), a bearing rotor 7, a rotating shaft 8 and other parts.
  • FIG1 shows an axial magnetic circuit of an active three-degree-of-freedom axial bearing.
  • the axial stator structure is shown in the figure.
  • the upper magnetic pole of the axial stator is connected to the radial stator yoke 11.
  • the lower magnetic pole of the axial stator is located at both ends of the bearing rotor 7.
  • the axial bias magnetic circuit 001 generated by the axial winding includes a left axial magnetic circuit and a right axial magnetic circuit, which are used to control the axial movement of the bearing rotor.
  • the left axial magnetic circuit passes through the left axial upper magnetic pole 9-radial stator yoke 11-radial stator pole 12-radial working gap 15-bearing rotor 7-axial working gap 16-left axial lower magnetic pole 13 and returns to the left axial stator (i.e., the first main body 1a). ) is closed, the right axial magnetic circuit passes through the right axial upper magnetic pole 10-radial stator yoke 11-radial stator pole 12-radial working gap 15-bearing rotor 7-axial working gap 16-right axial lower magnetic pole 14 and returns to the right axial stator (i.e., the second main body 2a) to be closed.
  • the bearing rotor When the bearing rotor needs to be controlled to move to the left, the left axial winding current is increased, and the bearing rotor is subjected to a large force to the left. Conversely, when the bearing rotor needs to be controlled to move to the right, the right axial winding current is increased, and the bearing rotor is subjected to a large force to the right. Therefore, the axial movement of the bearing rotor is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the left and right axial winding currents.
  • the radial core 6 includes a radial stator yoke 11 and a radial stator pole 12, the radial stator yoke 11 is an annular structure, the radial outer end of the radial stator pole is connected to the radial stator yoke 11, the radial inner end protrudes toward the bearing rotor 7 and has a radial working gap 15 with the bearing rotor 7, and a radial winding 5 is wound on each radial stator pole; and in the radial cross section, the radial stator 500 includes a first quadrant portion located at the upper right, a second quadrant portion located at the upper left, a third quadrant portion located at the lower left, and a fourth quadrant portion located at the lower right, the first quadrant portion, the second quadrant portion, the third quadrant portion, and the fourth quadrant portion are connected in sequence in a counterclockwise direction, and the first quadrant portion and the third quadrant portion are connected in sequence.
  • the first quadrant forms a diagonal with the second quadrant
  • the second quadrant forms a diagonal with the fourth quadrant
  • the magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator poles and the yoke part in the second quadrant is connected with the magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator poles and the yoke part in the fourth quadrant, forming a left radial control magnetic circuit 002
  • the magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator poles and the yoke part in the first quadrant is connected with the magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator poles and the yoke part in the third quadrant, forming a right radial control magnetic circuit 003.
  • the present invention can also provide a two-way power amplifier by configuring the radial magnetic circuit to be diagonally connected. Compared with the existing structure using a four-way power amplifier, the present invention can effectively reduce material costs and current losses.
  • the magnetic circuit controls the radial movement of the shaft to a wide range, has a good control effect, high precision, and a simple control method.
  • FIG3 shows the radial magnetic circuit of the active three-degree-of-freedom radial bearing disclosed in the present invention.
  • the radial stator structure is as shown in the figure. There are 4n magnetic poles (n is 1, 2, 3, 4, ).
  • the upper magnetic pole of the radial stator is the N pole, and the lower magnetic pole of the radial top is the S pole (or the upper end is the S pole and the lower end is the N pole).
  • the radial magnetic circuit is shown in FIG3 .
  • the upper left coil of the radial stator is connected in series with the lower right coil to generate the left radial control magnetic circuit 002, and the upper right coil of the radial stator is connected in series with the lower left coil to generate the right radial control magnetic circuit 003.
  • the left radial control magnetic circuit 002 returns to the upper left radial stator pole 17 through the upper left radial stator pole 17-radial working gap 15-bearing rotor 7-radial working gap 15-lower right radial stator pole 18-radial stator yoke 11 to close.
  • the axial bias magnetic circuit 001 provided axially is shown as the dotted line in Figure 3, all pointing to the center of the circle (or to the circumference), the magnetic field of the upper left magnetic pole of the radial stator is enhanced, and the magnetic field of the lower right magnetic pole is weakened, so that the bearing rotor is subjected to a force to the upper left.
  • the bearing rotor is moved to the upper right direction, the magnetic field of the upper right magnetic pole of the radial stator is enhanced, and the magnetic field of the lower left magnetic pole is weakened.
  • the radial movement of the bearing rotor is controlled by adjusting the size and positive and negative of the radial current to achieve radial stable suspension.
  • the above magnetic circuit controls the radial movement of the shaft in a wide range of directions, and the control method is simple.
  • This three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing structure integrates the radial bearing and the axial bearing, has no thrust plate, a compact structure, and a simple process. It ensures that under the same output, the bearing volume is reduced, the critical speed of the rotor is increased, and the system operation stability is improved.
  • two radial stator poles 12 are provided in each quadrant, and the radial stator pole located in the second quadrant is the upper left radial stator pole 17, and the radial stator pole located in the fourth quadrant is the lower right radial stator pole 18.
  • the number of radial stator poles is 4n, where n is a natural number.
  • the circumferential widths of the plurality of radial stator poles can be selected to be equal so that the magnetic flux passing through is the same.
  • the bias magnetic flux provided by the axial magnetic bearing 100 to the radial magnetic bearing 200 is along the radial direction toward the center of the rotating shaft 8 to form an axial bias magnetic circuit 001; or, the bias magnetic flux provided by the axial magnetic bearing 100 to the radial magnetic bearing 200 is along the radial direction toward the direction away from the center of the rotating shaft 8 to form an axial bias magnetic circuit 001; in the two quadrants forming a diagonal shape, the magnetic flux in one quadrant is along the radial direction toward the center of the rotating shaft 8, and the magnetic flux in the other quadrant is along the radial direction away from the center of the rotating shaft 8.
  • the bias magnetic flux provided by the axial magnetic bearing of the present invention is radially directed toward the center of the rotating shaft or radially outward, thereby forming a relatively unchanged bias magnetic circuit, and the bias magnetic flux generated by the two axial stators is radially directed toward the inner side or radially outward, which can effectively increase the magnetic flux, thereby reducing the radial magnetic flux of the radial winding and reducing the power of the radial winding.
  • the utilization rate of the axial magnetic bearing is improved; in the two diagonal quadrant parts, the magnetic flux of one is radially inward, and the magnetic flux of the other quadrant is radially outward, and can enter the bearing rotor through the magnetic flux on the radial inside, and lead the magnetic circuit to the stator yoke through the magnetic flux in the other quadrant, thereby forming a closed loop, and such control means can greatly enhance the control ability.
  • the present invention increases the winding current of the second quadrant and the fourth quadrant, and can simultaneously drive the second quadrant to move toward the upper left, and drive the fourth quadrant to move toward the upper left. Compared with the existing magnetic levitation bearings, this effectively increases the control ability and control efficiency of the rotating shaft.
  • the first axial stator 300 when the first axial stator 300 includes a first axial core 1 and a first axial winding 3, the first axial core 1 includes a first main body portion 1a, a first annular portion 1b and a second annular portion 1c, the second axial stator 400 includes a second axial core 2 and a second axial winding 4, and the second axial core 2 includes a second main body portion 2a, a third annular portion 2b and a fourth annular portion 2c: the radial winding 5 is located radially inside the second annular portion 1c and the fourth annular portion 2c at the same time, and the second annular portion 1c and the fourth annular portion 2c are both located radially outside the radial stator yoke 11.
  • the present invention also arranges the radial winding on the radial inner side of the first axial core and the second axial core, and the second annular portion and the fourth annular portion are both located radially outside the radial stator yoke.
  • the radial stator outer diameter and the axial stator thickness can be significantly shortened under the condition of the same axial output, and the volume of the bearing stator can be reduced (because the second annular portion and the fourth annular portion have a certain length in the radial direction to provide magnetic flux).
  • the present disclosure also provides a motor, which includes the magnetically suspended active three-degree-of-freedom bearing of any of the preceding items.
  • the present disclosure also provides a compressor, which includes the magnetically suspended active three-degree-of-freedom bearing of any of the preceding items.

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Abstract

公开了一种磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机，磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承包括：轴向磁轴承（100）、径向磁轴承（200）和轴承转子（7），轴向磁轴承包括第一轴向定子（300）和第二轴向定子（400），径向磁轴承包括径向定子（500），径向定子位于轴承转子（7）的外周且能对轴承转子施加径向电磁力，第一轴向定子和第二轴向定子能对轴承转子施加轴向电磁力，并且第一和第二轴向定子的至少部分结构位于径向绕组（5）的径向外侧，第一和第二轴向定子的部分结构与径向铁芯（6）的径向外端相接，使得径向磁轴承的偏置磁通由轴向磁轴承提供。该轴承省去了原有的比如偏置定子等结构，结构更为紧凑、简单，工艺难度降低，体积减小，装配容易。

Description

磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求2022年10月14日申请的，申请号为202211259873.5，名称为“一种磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及磁悬浮技术领域，具体涉及一种磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机。
背景技术
磁悬浮轴承利用对转子的电磁力将转轴悬浮起来，转轴与定子保持非接触的状态，因此具有无磨损、高转速、高精度、长寿命等优点。磁轴承按工作原理可分为三类：主动式磁轴承、被动式磁轴承和混合式磁轴承。
专利号CN110017330A“一种轴向径向电磁型磁轴承”中的主动式三自由度磁轴承结构复杂，采用E形凸极径向分块定子，来形成对径向轴承的偏置磁通，其加工制作工艺复杂，装配困难，存在径向悬浮绕组在轴向方向上漏磁。
由于磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承通过设置偏置定子来形成径向轴承的偏置磁通，导致结构复杂，体积较大，工艺复杂，装配困难等技术问题，因此设计出一种磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机。
发明内容
因此，本公开要解决的技术问题在于改善磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承通过设置偏置定子来形成径向轴承的偏置磁通，导致结构复杂，体积较大的缺陷，从而提供一种磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机。
为了解决上述问题中的至少一个，本公开提供一种磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其包括：
轴向磁轴承、径向磁轴承和轴承转子，轴向磁轴承和径向磁轴承均套设在转轴的外周，轴向磁轴承包括第一轴向定子和第二轴向定子，径向磁轴承包括径向定子，轴承转子套设在转轴的外周且能随着转轴一起转动，径向定子位于轴承转子的外周且能对轴承转子施加径向电磁力，沿转轴的轴向方向第一轴向定子的至少部分结构位于轴承转子的轴向一端， 第二轴向定子的至少部分结构位于轴承转子的轴向另一端，第一轴向定子和第二轴向定子能对轴承转子施加轴向电磁力；径向定子包括径向铁芯和径向绕组，径向铁芯为环状结构且套设于轴承转子的径向外侧；第一轴向定子的至少部分结构位于径向绕组的径向外侧，第一轴向定子的至少部分结构与径向铁芯的径向外端相接，第二轴向定子的至少部分结构位于径向绕组的径向外侧，第二轴向定子的至少部分结构与径向铁芯的径向外端相接，使得径向磁轴承的偏置磁通由轴向磁轴承提供。
在一些实施例中，在轴向方向，径向铁芯的轴向长度小于轴承转子的轴向长度，轴承转子与第一轴向定子相对的第一轴向端比径向铁芯与第一轴向定子相对的第三轴向端凸出第一预设距离，使得径向铁芯的第三轴向端相对于第一轴向端缩回形成第一空间，第一轴向定子的至少部分结构延伸至与径向铁芯的径向外端相接；
轴承转子与第二轴向定子相对的第二轴向端比径向铁芯与第二轴向定子相对的第四轴向端凸出第二预设距离，使得径向铁芯的第四轴向端相对于第二轴向端缩回形成第二空间，第二轴向定子的至少部分结构延伸与径向铁芯的径向外端相接。
在一些实施例中，第一轴向定子包括第一轴向铁芯和第一轴向绕组，第一轴向铁芯为环形结构，第一轴向铁芯包括第一主体部、第一环形部和第二环形部，第一主体部为具有第一中心孔的圆盘结构，第一中心孔容纳转轴从中穿过，第二环形部位于第一环形部的径向外侧，第一环形部的一端与第一主体部相接且另一端朝轴承转子的方向延伸至与轴承转子相对，第二环形部的一端与第一主体部相接且另一端朝径向铁芯的方向延伸至与径向铁芯的径向外端相接，以在第一环形部的径向外侧与第二环形部的径向内侧之间形成第一容纳槽，第一轴向绕组设置于第一容纳槽中并缠绕在第二环形部的内周。
在一些实施例中，第一环形部沿转轴的轴向方向延伸且与轴承转子间隔第三预设距离，形成轴向工作间隙；第二环形部也沿转轴的轴向方向延伸；
第二环形部的轴向长度大于第一环形部的轴向长度，且第二环形部与第一主体部相背的一端位于径向铁芯的径向外侧。
在一些实施例中，第二轴向定子包括第二轴向铁芯和第二轴向绕组，第二轴向铁芯为环形结构，第二轴向铁芯包括第二主体部、第三环形部和第四环形部，第二主体部为具有第二中心孔的圆盘结构，第二中心孔容纳转轴从中穿过，且第四环形部位于第三环形部的径向外侧，第三环形部的一端与第二主体部相接且另一端朝轴承转子的方向延伸至与轴承转子相对，第四环形部的一端与第二主体部相接且另一端延伸至与径向铁芯的径向外端相接，以在第三环形部的径向外侧与第四环形部的径向内侧之间形成第二容纳槽，第二轴向绕组设置于第二容纳槽中并缠绕在第四环形部的内周。
在一些实施例中，第三环形部沿转轴的轴向方向延伸且与轴承转子间隔第五预设距离，形成轴向工作间隙；第四环形部也沿转轴的轴向方向延伸；
第四环形部的轴向长度大于第三环形部的轴向长度，且第四环形部与第二主体部相背的一端位于径向铁芯的径向外侧，第四环形部与第二环形部相接或间隔设置。
在一些实施例中，第一轴向绕组与第二轴向绕组的通电方向相反。
在一些实施例中，径向铁芯包括径向定子磁轭和径向定子极柱，径向定子磁轭为环形结构，径向定子极柱的径向外端与径向定子磁轭连接、径向内端朝轴承转子凸出并与轴承转子之间具有径向工作间隙，每个径向定子极柱上均绕设有径向绕组；
并且在径向截面内，径向定子包括位于右上方的第一象限部分、位于左上方的第二象限部分、位于左下方的第三象限部分和位于右下方的第四象限部分，第一象限部分、第二象限部分、第三象限部分和第四象限部分沿逆时针依次相接，第一象限部分与第三象限部分形成对角，第二象限部分与第四象限部分形成对角，并有：第二象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路与第四象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路连通，形成左径向控制磁路，第一象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路与第三象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路连通，形成右径向控制磁路。
在一些实施例中，径向定子极柱的数量为4n个，其中n为自然数。
在一些实施例中，在每个象限部分中，均设置2个径向定子极柱，且位于第二象限部分中的径向定子极柱为左上径向定子极柱，位于第四象限部分中的径向定子极柱为右下径向定子极柱。
在一些实施例中，轴向磁轴承为径向磁轴承提供的偏置磁通均沿径向方向朝向转轴的圆心的方向形成轴向偏置磁路；或者，轴向磁轴承为径向磁轴承提供的偏置磁通均沿径向方向朝着背离转轴的圆心的方向形成轴向偏置磁路；在形成对角的两个象限部分中，其中一个象限部分中的磁通沿径向方向朝向转轴的圆心，另外一个象限部分中的磁通沿径向方向背离转轴的圆心。
在一些实施例中，当第一轴向定子包括第一轴向铁芯和第一轴向绕组，第一轴向铁芯包括第一主体部、第一环形部和第二环形部，第二轴向定子包括第二轴向铁芯和第二轴向绕组，第二轴向铁芯包括第二主体部、第三环形部和第四环形部时：
径向绕组同时位于第二环形部和第四环形部的径向内侧，且第二环形部和第四环形部均位于径向定子磁轭的径向外侧。
本公开还提供一种电机，其包括前任一项的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承。
本公开还提供一种压缩机，其包括前任一项的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承。
本公开提供的一种磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机具有如下有益效果：
1.本公开通过轴向磁轴承和径向磁轴承的有效布置，使得径向定子位于轴承转子的外周且能对轴承转子施加径向电磁力，第一轴向定子的至少部分结构位于轴承转子的轴向一端，第二轴向定子的至少部分结构位于轴承转子的轴向另一端，能够通过第一轴向定子和 第二轴向定子对轴承转子施加轴向电磁力，从而使得轴承转子能够被径向定子施加径向电磁力而调节转轴的径向偏移，同时轴承转子能够被第一和第二轴向定子施加轴向电磁力而调节转轴的轴向偏移，最终达到对转轴实现径向和轴向支撑的目的，并且第一轴向定子的至少部分结构位于径向定子的径向外侧，第二轴向定子的至少部分结构位于径向定子的径向外侧，使得径向磁轴承的偏置磁通由轴向磁轴承提供，使得相对于现有的主动式三自由度磁悬浮轴承需要通过设置比如偏置定子等结构来为径向轴承提供偏置磁路的方案而言，本公开通过上述结构的设置使得第一和第二轴向定子能够为径向定子提供偏置磁路，省去了原有的比如偏置定子等结构，结构更为紧凑、简单，工艺难度降低，体积减小，装配容易；本公开将径向磁轴承与轴向磁轴承结合到一起，形成一体的轴、径向一体的磁轴承结构，相对于分开式轴向磁轴承和径向磁轴承需要单独对轴向磁轴承设置止推轴承来对转轴提供轴向力，同时需要对径向磁轴承设置径向磁轴承转子而言，省去了止推轴承的结构，使得转子的轴向尺寸得到减小和缩短，将径向轴承和轴向轴承集成化，无推力盘，结构紧凑，减小轴承尺寸，缩短转子长度，提高转子临界转速，提高磁悬浮系统的稳定性和应用性；本公开通过轴向定子为径向定子提供偏置磁路，能够相对于混合式磁悬浮轴承而言有效省去永磁体的结构，成本低，装配方便，承载力大，可大功率运行；
2.本公开还通过将径向绕组设置于第一轴向铁芯和第二轴向铁芯的径向内侧，以及第二环形部和第四环形部均位于径向铁芯外侧，能相对于现有的轴向定子的上磁极位于径向定子磁轭旁的方案而言(即现有的轴向定子上磁极位于径向定子磁轭的轴向一侧)，能够在同等径轴向出力情况显著地缩短径向定子外径及轴向定子厚度，减小轴承定子体积；本公开还通过径向磁路成对角连通的设置形式，能够提供2路功放，相对于现有的采用4路功放的结构而言，本公开能够有效减少物料成本，并且减小电流损耗，并且上述磁路控制转轴径向方向移动方位广，控制效果好，精度高，控制方法简单。
附图说明
图1是本公开的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承的纵截面结构图(轴向截面，三自由度轴承轴向磁路)；
图2是图1中上半部分的轴向定子、径向定子和轴承转子的配合结构图；
图3是本公开的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承的横截面结构图(径向截面，三自由度轴承径向磁路)。
附图标记表示为：
100、轴向磁轴承；300、第一轴向定子；1、第一轴向铁芯；1a、第一主体部；1b、
第一环形部；1c、第二环形部；1d、第一容纳槽；3、第一轴向绕组；400、第二轴向定子； 2、第二轴向铁芯；2a、第二主体部；2b、第三环形部；2c、第四环形部；2d、第二容纳槽；4、第二轴向绕组；200、径向磁轴承；500、径向定子；5、径向绕组；6、径向铁芯；61、第三轴向端；62、第四轴向端；7、轴承转子；71、第一轴向端；72、第二轴向端；8、转轴；9、左轴向上磁极；10、右轴向上磁极；11、径向定子磁轭；12、径向定子极柱；13、左轴向下磁极；14、右轴向下磁极；15、径向工作间隙；16、轴向工作间隙；001、轴向偏置磁路；002、左径向控制磁路；003、右径向控制磁路；17、左上径向定子极柱；18、右下径向定子极柱。
具体实施例
如图1-3所示，本公开提供一种磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其包括：
轴向磁轴承100、径向磁轴承200和轴承转子7，轴向磁轴承100和径向磁轴承200均套设在转轴8的外周，轴向磁轴承100包括第一轴向定子300和第二轴向定子400，径向磁轴承200包括径向定子500，轴承转子7套设在转轴8的外周且能随着转轴8一起转动，径向定子500位于轴承转子7的外周且能对轴承转子7施加径向电磁力，沿转轴8的轴向方向第一轴向定子300的至少部分结构位于轴承转子7的轴向一端，第二轴向定子400的至少部分结构位于轴承转子7的轴向另一端，第一轴向定子300和第二轴向定子400能对轴承转子7施加轴向电磁力径向定子500包括径向铁芯6和径向绕组5，径向铁芯6为环状结构且套设于轴承转子7的径向外侧；第一轴向定子300的至少部分结构位于径向绕组5的径向外侧(即也位于轴承转子的径向外侧)，第一轴向定子300的至少部分结构与径向铁芯的径向外端相接，第二轴向定子400的至少部分结构位于径向绕组5的径向外侧(即也位于轴承转子的径向外侧)，第二轴向定子400的至少部分结构与径向铁芯的径向外端相接，使得径向磁轴承200的偏置磁通由轴向磁轴承100提供。
本公开通过轴向磁轴承和径向磁轴承的有效布置，使得径向定子位于轴承转子的外周且能对轴承转子施加径向电磁力，第一轴向定子的至少部分结构位于轴承转子的轴向一端，第二轴向定子的至少部分结构位于轴承转子的轴向另一端，能够通过第一轴向定子和第二轴向定子对轴承转子施加轴向电磁力，从而使得轴承转子能够被径向定子施加径向电磁力而调节转轴的径向偏移，同时轴承转子能够被第一和第二轴向定子施加轴向电磁力而调节转轴的轴向偏移，最终达到对转轴实现径向和轴向支撑的目的，并且第一轴向定子的至少部分结构位于径向定子的径向外侧，第二轴向定子的至少部分结构位于径向定子的径向外侧，使得径向磁轴承的偏置磁通由轴向磁轴承提供，使得相对于现有的主动式三自由度磁悬浮轴承需要通过设置比如偏置定子等结构来为径向轴承提供偏置磁路的方案而言，本公开通过上述结构的设置使得第一和第二轴向定子能够为径向定子提供偏置磁路，省去了原 有的比如偏置定子等结构，结构更为紧凑、简单，工艺难度降低，体积减小，装配容易；本公开将径向磁轴承与轴向磁轴承结合到一起，形成一体的轴、径向一体的磁轴承结构，相对于分开式轴向磁轴承和径向磁轴承需要单独对轴向磁轴承设置止推轴承来对转轴提供轴向力，同时需要对径向磁轴承设置径向磁轴承转子而言，省去了止推轴承的结构，使得转子的轴向尺寸得到减小和缩短，将径向轴承和轴向轴承集成化，无推力盘，结构紧凑，减小轴承尺寸，缩短转子长度，提高转子临界转速，提高磁悬浮系统的稳定性和应用性；本公开通过轴向定子为径向定子提供偏置磁路，能够相对于混合式磁悬浮轴承而言有效省去永磁体的结构，成本低，装配方便，承载力大，可大功率运行。
本公开提出的主动式三自由度磁轴承，轴向绕组采用单线圈模式，安装在左右轴向定子中，位于径向定子磁轭两端(或固定于径向定子磁轭上)，节省空间，提供轴向磁路，控制轴承转子的轴向移动，径向轴承有4n个磁极(n为1、2、3、4……)，径向定子上端磁极为N极，径向顶端下端磁极为S极(或者上端为S极，下端为N极)，轴向磁路在径向方向上提供的偏置磁路增强或削弱径向气隙磁场，控制转轴径向方向的移动，同时实现对转轴径向和轴向三个自由度上的移动，同等径轴向出力情况下，有效减小轴承定子体积，缩短转轴长度，提高转子运行稳定性。
本公开有效去掉了推力盘，由轴承转子代替，使得径向轴承和轴向轴承一体化。与常规的主动式磁轴承相比，无需安装推力盘，结构紧凑，工艺简单；与通常的混合式三自由度磁轴承相比，没有永磁体，由电磁力提供偏置磁场和控制磁场，承载力大、刚度高、控制灵活，此三自由度磁轴承可大功率运行、临界转速高，提高磁悬浮系统的稳定性和应用性。
解决以下技术问题之一：
1.本公开将径向轴承和轴向轴承集成化，无推力盘，结构紧凑，减小轴承尺寸，缩短转子长度，提高转子临界转速，提高磁悬浮系统的稳定性和应用性。
2.本公开与轴向上磁极位于径向定子磁轭旁相比，能够在等径轴向出力情况显著地缩短径向定子外径及轴向定子厚度，减小轴承定子体积。
提供有益效果中的至少一个：
1.本公开的径轴向轴承定子，加工制作工艺简单，轴径向磁路控制方便。
2.本公开径轴向集成化高，无推力盘，降低成本，结构紧凑，工艺简单，临界转速高，性能稳定；本公开没有永磁体，成本低，装配方便，承载力大，可大功率运行。
在一些实施例中，在轴向方向，径向铁芯6的轴向长度小于轴承转子7的轴向长度，轴承转子7与第一轴向定子300相对的第一轴向端71比径向铁芯6与第一轴向定子300相对的第三轴向端61凸出第一预设距离，使得径向铁芯6的第三轴向端61相对于第一轴向端71缩回形成第一空间，第一轴向定子300的至少部分结构延伸至与径向铁芯6的径 向外端相接；轴承转子7与第二轴向定子400相对的第二轴向端72比径向铁芯6与第二轴向定子400相对的第四轴向端62凸出第二预设距离，使得径向铁芯6的第四轴向端62相对于第二轴向端72缩回形成第二空间，第二轴向定子400的至少部分结构延伸与径向铁芯6的径向外端相接。
本公开通过径向铁芯的轴向长度小于轴承转子的轴向长度，能够通过缩进的该部分空间放置轴向定子的磁通漏磁，有效保证两个轴向定子的磁通能够进入径向定子中，从而为径向定子提供偏置磁通，而不用增设偏置定子、永磁体等结构，结构更为紧凑，体积缩小，形成集成为一体的主动式三自由度磁悬浮轴承；
这是本公开的径向铁芯与第一轴向定子以及第二轴向定子之间可选的配合结构形式，即通过径向铁芯的第三轴向端相对于轴承转子的第一轴向端向内缩回第一预设距离而形成的第一空间，能够防止若不设置该第一空间时轴向定子的磁通从该第一空间位置处的径向定子部分而产生漏磁，第一轴向定子的至少部分结构延伸至与径向定子外端相接，使得第一轴向定子产生的磁通能够进入径向定子，进而进入轴承转子中，为径向定子提供偏置磁路，不用增设偏置定子、永磁体等结构，结构更为紧凑，体积缩小；通过径向铁芯的第四轴向端相对于轴承转子的第二轴向端向内缩回第二预设距离而形成的第二空间，能够防止若不设置该第一空间时轴向定子的磁通从该第一空间位置处的径向定子部分而产生漏磁，第二轴向定子的至少部分结构延伸至与径向定子外端相接，使得第二轴向定子产生的磁通能够进入径向定子，进而进入轴承转子中，为径向定子提供偏置磁路，不用增设偏置定子、永磁体等结构，结构更为紧凑，体积缩小。
在一些实施例中，第一轴向定子300包括第一轴向铁芯1和第一轴向绕组3，第一轴向铁芯1为环形结构，第一轴向铁芯1包括第一主体部1a、第一环形部1b(即图1中的左轴下磁极13)和第二环形部1c(即图1中的左轴上磁极9)，第一主体部1a为具有第一中心孔的圆盘结构，第一中心孔容纳转轴8从中穿过，第二环形部1c位于第一环形部1b的径向外侧，第一环形部1b的一端与第一主体部1a(可选径向内端)相接且另一端朝轴承转子7的方向延伸至与轴承转子7相对，第二环形部1c的一端与第一主体部1a(可选径向外端)相接且另一端延伸至径向铁芯6的径向外端相接，以在第一环形部1b的径向外侧与第二环形部1c的径向内侧之间形成第一容纳槽1d，第一轴向绕组3设置于第一容纳槽1d中并缠绕在第二环形部1c的内周。
这是本公开的第一轴向定子的可选结构形式，通过第一环形部和第二环形部能够形成容纳第一轴向绕组设置的第一容纳槽，并且第一环形部与轴承转子相对以容纳磁路通过，第二环形部延伸至径向定子外端并与径向定子相接，能够对径向铁芯和第二环形部做出改进，使得第二环形部、径向铁芯、轴承转子、第一环形部和第一主体部形成闭环的磁通路，并且这样的结构能够使得第一轴向定子为径向定子提供径向的偏置磁通，使得第一轴向定 子与径向定子集成为一体结构，有效省去了推力盘、永磁体、偏置定子等结构，结构紧凑，体积得到有效的减小。
在一些实施例中，第一环形部1b沿转轴8的轴向方向延伸且与轴承转子7间隔第三预设距离，形成轴向工作间隙16；第二环形部1c也沿转轴8的轴向方向延伸；第二环形部1c的轴向长度大于第一环形部1b的轴向长度，且第二环形部1c与第一主体部1a相背的一端位于径向铁芯6的径向外侧。
这是本公开的第一环形部和第二环形部的可选结构形式，即第一环形部沿轴向延伸，并与轴承转子之间形成轴向工作间隙，使得第一环形部与轴承转子之间能够形成磁通通过，并且第一环形部不随轴承转子转动，第二环形部与径向铁芯外端相接，使得第二环形部与径向铁芯之间能够形成磁通通过；第二环形部的轴向长度大于第一环形部的轴向长度，使得径向方向第二环形部与轴承转子的部分结构相对，能够将第一轴向定子中的磁路传递到径向铁芯和轴承转子中，形成结构更为紧凑的一体化轴承定子和径向定子的结构，省去推力盘、偏置定子、永磁体等结构，减小体积。
在一些实施例中，第二轴向定子400包括第二轴向铁芯2和第二轴向绕组4，第二轴向铁芯2为环形结构，第二轴向铁芯2包括第二主体部2a、第三环形部2b和第四环形部2c，第二主体部2a为具有第二中心孔的圆盘结构，第二中心孔容纳转轴8从中穿过，且第四环形部2c位于第三环形部2b的径向外侧，第三环形部2b的一端与第二主体部2a(可选径向内端)相接且另一端朝轴承转子7的方向延伸至与轴承转子7相对，第四环形部2c的一端与第二主体部2a(可选径向外端)相接且另一端延伸至径向铁芯6的径向外端相接，以在第三环形部2b的径向外侧与第四环形部2c的径向内侧之间形成第二容纳槽2d，第二轴向绕组4设置于第二容纳槽2d中并缠绕在第四环形部2c的内周。
这是本公开的第二轴向定子的可选结构形式，通过第三环形部和第四环形部能够形成容纳第二轴向绕组设置的第二容纳槽，并且第三环形部与轴承转子相对以容纳磁路通过，第四环形部延伸至径向定子外端并与径向定子相接，能够对径向铁芯和第四环形部做出改进，使得第四环形部、径向铁芯、轴承转子、第三环形部和第二主体部形成闭环的磁通路，并且这样的结构能够使得第二轴向定子为径向定子提供径向的偏置磁通，使得第二轴向定子与径向定子集成为一体结构，有效省去了推力盘、永磁体、偏置定子等结构，结构紧凑，体积得到有效的减小。
在一些实施例中，第三环形部2b沿转轴8的轴向方向延伸且与轴承转子7间隔第五预设距离，形成轴向工作间隙16；第四环形部2c也沿转轴8的轴向方向延伸；第四环形部2c的轴向长度大于第三环形部2b的轴向长度，且第四环形部2c与第二主体部2a相背的一端位于径向铁芯6的径向外侧。
这是本公开的第三环形部和第四环形部的可选结构形式，即第三环形部沿轴向延伸， 并与轴承转子之间形成轴向工作间隙，使得第三环形部与轴承转子之间能够形成磁通通过，并且第三环形部不随轴承转子转动，第四环形部与径向铁芯外端相接，使得第四环形部与径向铁芯之间能够形成磁通通过；第四环形部的轴向长度大于第三环形部的轴向长度，使得径向方向第四环形部与轴承转子的部分结构相对，能够将第二轴向定子中的磁路传递到径向铁芯和轴承转子中，形成结构更为紧凑的一体化轴承定子和径向定子的结构，省去推力盘、偏置定子、永磁体等结构，减小体积。
在一些实施例中，第一轴向绕组3与第二轴向绕组4的通电方向相反。两个轴向绕组的通电方向相反，能够使得两个轴向定子在径向定子上产生的偏置磁通均朝向径向内侧，能够对径向铁芯提供较大的偏置磁路，因此能够减小径向绕组的径向磁通，减小径向绕组的功率，提高轴向磁轴承的利用率；径向绕组沿轴向方向缠绕能够产生沿径向方向的磁通，可以指向径向内侧也可以指向径向外侧，从而为磁悬浮轴承的径向方向的出力提供控制磁通路。
本公开的主动式三自由度磁轴承结构如图1所示，与传统的主动式磁轴承结构相比，去掉推力盘，由轴承转子代替，轴向定子位于径向定子两端，径向轴承和轴向轴承集成化，该结构主要由左轴向定子(包括第一轴向铁芯1和第一轴向绕组3)，右轴向定子(包括第二轴向铁芯2和第二轴向绕组4)，径向绕组5，径向定子(包括径向铁芯6和径向绕组5)，轴承转子7，转轴8等零件组成。
图1所示为主动式三自由度轴向轴承轴向磁路，轴向定子结构如图，轴向定子上磁极位于径向定子磁轭11相衔接，轴向定子下磁级位于轴承转子7两端，轴向绕组产生的轴向偏置磁路001包含左轴向磁路和右轴向磁路，用来控制轴承转子轴向移动，左轴向磁路经左轴向上磁极9-径向定子磁轭11-径向定子极柱12-径向工作间隙15-轴承转子7-轴向工作间隙16-左轴向下磁极13回到左轴向定子(即第一主体部1a)闭合，右轴向磁路经右轴向上磁极10-径向定子磁轭11-径向定子极柱12-径向工作间隙15-轴承转子7-轴向工作间隙16-右轴向下磁极14回到右轴向定子(即第二主体部2a)闭合，需控制轴承转子向左移动时，增大左轴向绕组电流，轴承转子受到向左的力大，反之，需控制轴承转子向右移动时，增大右轴向绕组电流，轴承转子受到向右的力大，从而通过控制左右轴向绕组电流大小，来控制轴承转子的轴向移动。
在一些实施例中，径向铁芯6包括径向定子磁轭11和径向定子极柱12，径向定子磁轭11为环形结构，径向定子极柱的径向外端与径向定子磁轭11连接、径向内端朝轴承转子7凸出并与轴承转子7之间具有径向工作间隙15，每个径向定子极柱上均绕设有径向绕组5；并且在径向截面内，径向定子500包括位于右上方的第一象限部分、位于左上方的第二象限部分、位于左下方的第三象限部分和位于右下方的第四象限部分，第一象限部分、第二象限部分、第三象限部分和第四象限部分沿逆时针依次相接，第一象限部分与第三象 限部分形成对角，第二象限部分与第四象限部分形成对角，并有：第二象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路与第四象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路连通，形成左径向控制磁路002，第一象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路与第三象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路连通，形成右径向控制磁路003。
本公开还通过径向磁路成对角连通的设置形式，能够提供2路功放，相对于现有的采用4路功放的结构而言，本公开能够有效减少物料成本，并且减小电流损耗，并且上述磁路控制转轴径向方向移动方位广，控制效果好，精度高，控制方法简单。
图3所示为本公开的主动式三自由度径向轴承径向磁路，径向定子结构如图，有4n个磁极(n为1、2、3、4……)，径向定子上端磁极为N极，径向顶端下端磁极为S极(或者上端为S极，下端为N极)，径向磁路如图3所示。径向定子的左上线圈与右下线圈相串联，产生左径向控制磁路002，径向定子的右上线圈与左下线圈相串联，产生右径向控制磁路003，如让轴承转子向左上方向移动，线圈通入正电流，左径向控制磁路002经左上径向定子极柱17-径向工作间隙15-轴承转子7-径向工作间隙15-右下径向定子极柱18-径向定子磁轭11回到左上径向定子极柱17闭合，轴向提供的轴向偏置磁路001如图3虚线所示，全部指向圆心(或指向圆周)，径向定子左上磁极磁场增强，右下磁极磁场削弱，使轴承转子受到向左上方的力，同理如让轴承转子向右上方向则径向定子右上磁极磁场增强，左下磁极磁场削弱。通过调节径向电流的的大小和正负来控制轴承转子径向方向的移动，实现径向稳定悬浮，上述磁路控制转轴径向方向移动方位广，控制方法简单。此三自由度磁轴承结构将径向轴承与轴向轴承集成化，无推力盘，结构紧凑，工艺简单，保证同等出力情况下，减小轴承体积，提高转子临界转速，提高系统运行稳定性。
在一些实施例中，在每个象限部分中，均设置2个径向定子极柱12，且位于第二象限部分中的径向定子极柱为左上径向定子极柱17，位于第四象限部分中的径向定子极柱为右下径向定子极柱18。径向定子极柱的数量为4n个，其中n为自然数。多个径向定子极柱的周向宽度可选均相等，使得通过的磁通量均为相同。
在一些实施例中，轴向磁轴承100为径向磁轴承200提供的偏置磁通均沿径向方向朝向转轴8的圆心的方向形成轴向偏置磁路001；或者，轴向磁轴承100为径向磁轴承200提供的偏置磁通均沿径向方向朝着背离转轴8的圆心的方向形成轴向偏置磁路001；在形成对角的两个象限部分中，其中一个象限部分中的磁通沿径向方向朝向转轴8的圆心，另外一个象限部分中的磁通沿径向方向背离转轴8的圆心。
本公开通过轴向磁轴承提供的偏置磁通均沿径向朝向转轴的圆心或朝向径向外侧，从而形成相对不变的偏置磁路，并且两个轴向定子产生的偏置磁通均朝向径向内侧或均朝向径向外侧能够有效增大磁通量，从而能够减小径向绕组的径向磁通，减小径向绕组的功率， 提高轴向磁轴承的利用率；对角的两个象限部分中，其中一个的磁通朝径向内侧，另一个象限的磁通朝径向外侧，能够通过径向内侧的磁通进入轴承转子中，并通过另一个象限中的磁通将磁路引出至定子轭部，从而形成闭环回路，并且这样的控制手段能够大大地增强了控制能力，比如若需要将转轴朝左上方向驱动运动，则本公开增大第二象限和第四象限的绕组电流，能够同时驱动第二象限朝左上运动，以及驱动第四象限朝左上运动，这样相对于现有的磁悬浮轴承而言有效增大了对转轴的控制能力以及控制效率。
在一些实施例中，当第一轴向定子300包括第一轴向铁芯1和第一轴向绕组3，第一轴向铁芯1包括第一主体部1a、第一环形部1b和第二环形部1c，第二轴向定子400包括第二轴向铁芯2和第二轴向绕组4，第二轴向铁芯2包括第二主体部2a、第三环形部2b和第四环形部2c时：径向绕组5同时位于第二环形部1c和第四环形部2c的径向内侧，且第二环形部1c和第四环形部2c均位于径向定子磁轭11的径向外侧。
本公开还通过将径向绕组设置于第一轴向铁芯和第二轴向铁芯的径向内侧，以及第二环形部和第四环形部均位于径向定子磁轭径向外侧，能相对于现有的轴向定子的上磁极位于径向定子磁轭旁的方案而言(即现有的轴向定子上磁极位于径向定子磁轭的轴向一侧)，能够在同等径轴向出力情况显著地缩短径向定子外径及轴向定子厚度，减小轴承定子体积(由于第二环形部和第四环形部在径向方向具有一定长度，提供磁通量)。
本公开还提供一种电机，其包括前任一项的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承。
本公开还提供一种压缩机，其包括前任一项的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承。
以上仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。以上仅是本公开的可选实施例，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，包括：
    轴向磁轴承(100)、径向磁轴承(200)和轴承转子(7)，所述轴向磁轴承(100)和所述径向磁轴承(200)均套设在转轴(8)的外周，所述轴向磁轴承(100)包括第一轴向定子(300)和第二轴向定子(400)，所述径向磁轴承(200)包括径向定子(500)，所述轴承转子(7)套设在所述转轴(8)的外周且能随着所述转轴(8)一起转动，所述径向定子(500)位于所述轴承转子(7)的外周且能对所述轴承转子(7)施加径向电磁力，沿所述转轴(8)的轴向方向所述第一轴向定子(300)的至少部分结构位于所述轴承转子(7)的轴向一端，所述第二轴向定子(400)的至少部分结构位于所述轴承转子(7)的轴向另一端，所述第一轴向定子(300)和所述第二轴向定子(400)能对所述轴承转子(7)施加轴向电磁力；所述径向定子(500)包括径向铁芯(6)和径向绕组(5)，所述径向铁芯(6)为环状结构且套设于所述轴承转子(7)的径向外侧；所述第一轴向定子(300)的至少部分结构位于所述径向绕组(5)的径向外侧，所述第一轴向定子(300)的至少部分结构与径向铁芯的径向外端相接，所述第二轴向定子(400)的至少部分结构位于所述径向绕组(5)的径向外侧，所述第二轴向定子(400)的至少部分结构与径向铁芯的径向外端相接，使得所述径向磁轴承(200)的偏置磁通由所述轴向磁轴承(100)提供。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    在轴向方向，所述径向铁芯(6)的轴向长度小于所述轴承转子(7)的轴向长度，所述轴承转子(7)与所述第一轴向定子(300)相对的第一轴向端(71)比所述径向铁芯(6)与所述第一轴向定子(300)相对的第三轴向端(61)凸出第一预设距离，使得所述径向铁芯(6)的所述第三轴向端(61)相对于所述第一轴向端(71)缩回形成第一空间，所述第一轴向定子(300)的至少部分结构延伸至与所述径向铁芯(6)的径向外端相接；
    所述轴承转子(7)与所述第二轴向定子(400)相对的第二轴向端(72)比所述径向铁芯(6)与所述第二轴向定子(400)相对的第四轴向端(62)凸出第二预设距离，使得所述径向铁芯(6)的所述第四轴向端(62)相对于所述第二轴向端(72)缩回形成第二空间，所述第二轴向定子(400)的至少部分结构延伸与所述径向铁芯(6)的径向外端相接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    所述第一轴向定子(300)包括第一轴向铁芯(1)和第一轴向绕组(3)，所述第一轴向铁芯(1)为环形结构，所述第一轴向铁芯(1)包括第一主体部(1a)、第一环形部(1b)和第二环形部(1c)，所述第一主体部(1a)为具有第一中心孔的圆盘结构，所述第一中心孔容纳所述转轴(8)从中穿过，所述第二环形部(1c)位于所述第一环形部(1b) 的径向外侧，所述第一环形部(1b)的一端与所述第一主体部(1a)相接且另一端朝所述轴承转子(7)的方向延伸至与所述轴承转子(7)相对，所述第二环形部(1c)的一端与所述第一主体部(1a)相接且另一端延伸至所述径向铁芯(6)的径向外端相接，以在所述第一环形部(1b)的径向外侧与所述第二环形部(1c)的径向内侧之间形成第一容纳槽(1d)，所述第一轴向绕组(3)设置于所述第一容纳槽(1d)中并缠绕在所述第二环形部(1c)的内周。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    所述第一环形部(1b)沿所述转轴(8)的轴向方向延伸且与所述轴承转子(7)间隔第三预设距离，形成轴向工作间隙(16)；所述第二环形部(1c)也沿所述转轴(8)的轴向方向延伸；
    所述第二环形部(1c)的轴向长度大于所述第一环形部(1b)的轴向长度，且所述第二环形部(1c)与所述第一主体部(1a)相背的一端位于所述径向铁芯(6)的径向外侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    所述第二轴向定子(400)包括第二轴向铁芯(2)和第二轴向绕组(4)，所述第二轴向铁芯(2)为环形结构，所述第二轴向铁芯(2)包括第二主体部(2a)、第三环形部(2b)和第四环形部(2c)，所述第二主体部(2a)为具有第二中心孔的圆盘结构，所述第二中心孔容纳所述转轴(8)从中穿过，且所述第四环形部(2c)位于所述第三环形部(2b)的径向外侧，所述第三环形部(2b)的一端与所述第二主体部(2a)相接且另一端朝所述轴承转子(7)的方向延伸至与所述轴承转子(7)相对，所述第四环形部(2c)的一端与所述第二主体部(2a)相接且另一端延伸至所述径向铁芯(6)的径向外端相接，以在所述第三环形部(2b)的径向外侧与所述第四环形部(2c)的径向内侧之间形成第二容纳槽(2d)，所述第二轴向绕组(4)设置于所述第二容纳槽(2d)中并缠绕在所述第四环形部(2c)的内周。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    所述第三环形部(2b)沿所述转轴(8)的轴向方向延伸且与所述轴承转子(7)间隔第五预设距离，形成轴向工作间隙(16)；所述第四环形部(2c)也沿所述转轴(8)的轴向方向延伸；
    所述第四环形部(2c)的轴向长度大于所述第三环形部(2b)的轴向长度，且所述第四环形部(2c)与所述第二主体部(2a)相背的一端位于所述径向铁芯(6)的径向外侧，所述第四环形部(2c)与所述第二环形部(1c)相接或间隔设置。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    所述第一轴向绕组(3)与所述第二轴向绕组(4)的通电方向相反。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    所述径向铁芯(6)包括径向定子磁轭(11)和径向定子极柱(12)，所述径向定子磁轭(11)为环形结构，所述径向定子极柱的径向外端与所述径向定子磁轭(11)连接、径向内端朝所述轴承转子(7)凸出并与所述轴承转子(7)之间具有径向工作间隙(15)，每个径向定子极柱上均绕设有所述径向绕组(5)；
    在径向截面内，所述径向定子(500)包括位于右上方的第一象限部分、位于左上方的第二象限部分、位于左下方的第三象限部分和位于右下方的第四象限部分，所述第一象限部分、所述第二象限部分、所述第三象限部分和第四象限部分沿逆时针依次相接，所述第一象限部分与所述第三象限部分形成对角，所述第二象限部分与所述第四象限部分形成对角，并有：所述第二象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路与所述第四象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路连通，形成左径向控制磁路(002)，所述第一象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路与所述第三象限部分内的径向定子极柱和磁轭部分形成的磁路连通，形成右径向控制磁路(003)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    所述径向定子极柱的数量为4n个，其中n为自然数。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    在每个象限部分中，均设置2个径向定子极柱(12)，且位于所述第二象限部分中的径向定子极柱为左上径向定子极柱(17)，位于所述第四象限部分中的径向定子极柱为右下径向定子极柱(18)。
  11. 根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    所述轴向磁轴承(100)为所述径向磁轴承(200)提供的偏置磁通均沿径向方向朝向所述转轴(8)的圆心的方向形成轴向偏置磁路(001)；或者，所述轴向磁轴承(100)为所述径向磁轴承(200)提供的偏置磁通均沿径向方向朝着背离所述转轴(8)的圆心的方向形成轴向偏置磁路(001)；在形成对角的两个象限部分中，其中一个象限部分中的磁通沿径向方向朝向所述转轴(8)的圆心，另外一个象限部分中的磁通沿径向方向背离所述转轴(8)的圆心。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11中任一项所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承，其中，
    当所述第一轴向定子(300)包括第一轴向铁芯(1)和第一轴向绕组(3)，所述第一轴向铁芯(1)包括第一主体部(1a)、第一环形部(1b)和第二环形部(1c)，所述第二轴向定子(400)包括第二轴向铁芯(2)和第二轴向绕组(4)，所述第二轴向铁芯(2)包括第二主体部(2a)、第三环形部(2b)和第四环形部(2c)时：
    所述径向绕组(5)同时位于所述第二环形部(1c)和所述第四环形部(2c)的径向内侧，且所述第二环形部(1c)和所述第四环形部(2c)均位于所述径向定子磁轭(11)的径向外侧。
  13. 一种电机，包括权利要求1-12中任一项所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承。
  14. 一种压缩机，包括权利要求1-12中任一项所述的磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承。
PCT/CN2023/108191 2022-10-14 2023-07-19 磁悬浮主动式三自由度轴承、电机和压缩机 WO2024078084A1 (zh)

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