WO2024074786A1 - System comprising a photovoltaic panel and a rainwater distributor - Google Patents

System comprising a photovoltaic panel and a rainwater distributor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024074786A1
WO2024074786A1 PCT/FR2023/051536 FR2023051536W WO2024074786A1 WO 2024074786 A1 WO2024074786 A1 WO 2024074786A1 FR 2023051536 W FR2023051536 W FR 2023051536W WO 2024074786 A1 WO2024074786 A1 WO 2024074786A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
free edge
distributor
photovoltaic panel
ground
rainwater
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2023/051536
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mike VAN ISEGHEM
Sylvain EDOUARD
Frédéric SICARD
Original Assignee
Electricite De France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite De France filed Critical Electricite De France
Publication of WO2024074786A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024074786A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to the field of agrivoltaics.
  • Agrivoltaics or “Agri-PV” is a field that combines agriculture and photovoltaic electricity production on a common surface. The principle is to install photovoltaic panels on an agricultural production area capable of artificially creating shade and shelter and at the same time producing electricity.
  • a first known water distributor is in the form of a pierced gutter.
  • the gutter has a concave upper surface forming a channel for the flow of collected rainwater.
  • a disadvantage of such a gutter is that it tends to concentrate the collected rainwater along a central line at the bottom of the concave surface. The collected water tends to fall into holes arranged along this central line.
  • crops located under the gutter are only irrigated in a restricted area. The concentration of rainwater in this restricted area can result in the formation of a cavity in the ground through erosion. Such erosion is harmful to crops.
  • a second known water distributor has a flat surface inclined relative to the ground ending in a rectilinear edge.
  • the rainwater collected by the second distributor is conveyed through the flat surface to the free edge.
  • rainwater falling from the straight edge can only reach a relatively small straight area. Due to potential surface imperfections or the presence of residual dust on the flat surface, rainwater flowing over the flat surface may tend to concentrate, so that rainwater may only reach a restricted portion of the free edge.
  • One aim of the invention is to propose an agrivoltaic system which irrigates crops while limiting soil erosion.
  • a distributor for collecting rainwater having previously flowed onto the photovoltaic panel having a free edge and a surface ending with the free edge, the distributor being suitable for being placed in a position of use in which the free edge overhangs a ground, and in which the surface is inclined relative to the ground to convey the collected rainwater to the free edge, in which the distributor defines a plurality of channels on the surface to distribute the water from rain collected towards different portions of the free edge, and in that a projection of the free edge on the ground is non-rectilinear, when the distributor is in the position of use.
  • the different channels have the effect of distributing rainwater in a controlled manner over the entire length of the free edge.
  • the fact that the projection of the free edge on the ground is non-rectilinear in the position of use has the effect of allowing raindrops falling from the free edge to reach an area of the ground extending in two mutually orthogonal directions whose area is greater than that which would be obtained with a free edge whose projection on the ground is rectilinear. Therefore, the water is distributed evenly on the ground. Crops growing on this soil are therefore better irrigated and the formation of cavities in the soil through erosion is limited.
  • the proposed system may also include the following features, taken alone or in combination whenever such a combination makes sense.
  • the free edge is zig-zag.
  • At least two of the channels have different lengths.
  • the channels are straight.
  • the channels are parallel.
  • the free edge is under the photovoltaic panel in the position of use.
  • the system comprising a second photovoltaic panel, and the free edge is located under the second photovoltaic panel in the position of use.
  • the distributor comprises a polycarbonate plate, the channels being formed in the plate.
  • the surface is flat.
  • the surface is inclined at an angle between 5 and 50 degrees relative to the ground in the position of use.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a system according to one embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is seen in longitudinal section of a downstream part of a rainwater distributor of the system of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the distributor of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a partial top view of a distributor surface, according to one embodiment.
  • a system 1 comprises a photovoltaic panel 2 and a rainwater distributor 4.
  • the photovoltaic panel 2 known in itself, has the function of converting light energy into electrical energy.
  • the system comprises a structure (not illustrated) on which the photovoltaic panel 2 is mounted, this structure being suitable for being placed on a ground.
  • the photovoltaic panel 2 has a receiving surface 6 for receiving sunlight, the energy of which can be converted into electrical energy.
  • the receiving surface 6 is flat, for example rectangular in shape.
  • the system 1 is shown in a position of use. In this position of use, the system 1 is placed or fixed on a floor, such that the panel photovoltaic 2 is located at a distance from the ground, with the receiving surface 6 inclined relative to the ground and oriented towards the sky.
  • the photovoltaic panel 2 is preferably mobile in rotation relative to the structure, such that the angle of inclination of the receiving surface relative to the ground can vary.
  • the photovoltaic panel 2 is fixed relative to the structure (and therefore relative to the ground).
  • the receiving surface 6 has a free edge 8.
  • the free edge 8 is for example rectilinear when the receiving surface is rectangular. This free edge 8 is an edge of the receiving surface 6 which is closest to the distributor 4 (and to the ground in the position of use of the system). When rainwater flows onto the receiving surface 6, this water is directed by gravity towards the free edge 8, and it is from this free edge 8 that the water falls towards the ground.
  • the function of the distributor 4 is to collect the rainwater having previously flowed onto the photovoltaic panel 2, when the system is in the use position, and to distribute it to different areas of the ground.
  • distributor 4 When system 1 is in the use position, distributor 4 is arranged between photovoltaic panel 2 and the ground. Furthermore, the distributor is located under the photovoltaic panel 2, so as to be able to irrigate plants which are located under the photovoltaic panel 2.
  • the distributor 4 comprises a first wall 10 having a first upper surface 12 and a first lower surface 14 opposite the first lower surface.
  • the first upper surface 12 comprises an upstream part and a downstream part which extends the upstream part.
  • the upstream part constitutes a part for receiving water having fallen from the photovoltaic panel 2.
  • the upstream part can have a concave profile forming a half-gutter, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the downstream part of the first upper surface ends with a first free edge 16.
  • the first free edge 16 connects the first upper surface 12 to the first lower surface
  • the downstream part of the upper surface 12 is preferably planar.
  • the angle of inclination a of the upper surface 12 (at least in its downstream part) relative to the ground in the position of use of the system 1 is preferably between 5 and 50 degrees, for example 20 degrees.
  • the first upper surface 12 When the system is in the use position, the first upper surface 12 is oriented towards the photovoltaic panel 2, and inclined relative to the ground, while the lower surface 14 faces the ground. Furthermore, in this position, the upstream part is at a higher altitude than the downstream part. In this position, when rainwater flows onto the first upper surface 12, this water is directed by gravity towards the first free edge 16, and it is from this first free edge 16 that the water then falls. below distributor 4 towards the S ground.
  • the distributor 4 also comprises a second wall 18.
  • the second wall 18 has a second lower surface 20, and a second upper surface 22 opposite the second lower surface.
  • the second wall 18 also has a second free edge 24 connecting the first lower surface 20 to the first upper surface 22.
  • the second lower surface 20 faces the first upper surface 12, so as to delimit between them a flow space in which rainwater coming from the photovoltaic panel 2 can flow by gravity.
  • the second lower surface faces the downstream part of the first upper surface 12.
  • the second free edge 24 faces the first free edge 16.
  • the first free edge 16 and the second free edge 24 delimit between them an exit zone from the flow space, that is to say a zone per which water can exit the space after flowing through it.
  • the distributor 4 comprises a plurality of partitions 26 connecting the first wall 10 to the second wall 18, so as to divide the flow space into a plurality of separate channels 28. More precisely, each partition 26 extends from the downstream part of the first upper surface 12 to the second lower surface 20.
  • Figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the number of partitions 26 is equal to five, so as to delimit four distinct channels 28. It is understood that this is only an example: the number of channels and of partitions may be different.
  • the partitions 26 are parallel. Thus, the average directions of water flow in the different channels 28 are parallel.
  • Each channel 28 thus has an input and an output.
  • Each channel input 28 constitutes a portion of the input zone. In this way, the channels receive rainwater coming from different areas of the photovoltaic panel 2.
  • each channel 28 is formed by a portion of the first upper surface 12 extending between two adjacent partitions 26, in the downstream part.
  • each channel outlet 28 constitutes a portion of the exit zone of the space, and is delimited by a specific portion of the first free edge 16. In this way, the channels 28 distribute rainwater coming from from the photovoltaic panel 2 towards these different portions of the free edge 16.
  • each channel 28 can have a rectangular section (as shown in Figure 3), or even square.
  • each channel 28 has a width of 10 millimeters and a height of 10 millimeters.
  • the wall 10 and the partitions 26 can constitute different parts of a polycarbonate plate.
  • the channels 28 are formed inside this plate.
  • the second wall 18 can also be part of this plate.
  • the second wall 18 is made of aluminum.
  • the free edge 16 is not rectilinear (in particular in the plane of the first upper surface 12). Consequently, the projection of this free edge 16 on the ground is not rectilinear either.
  • the free edge 16 comprises points which occupy different positions along an axis parallel to an average direction of water flow on the first upper surface 12.
  • Figure 4 shows two dotted arrows showing the trajectory followed by water flowing in a first channel and a second channel, both delimited by the distributor 4.
  • the first channel has a first length and ends with a first portion of the free edge 16.
  • the second channel shown in right of the first channel in Figure 4, has a second length greater than the first length, and ends with a second portion of the free edge 16 different from the first portion.
  • the second portion of the free edge 12 is further downstream than the first portion of the free edge 12.
  • At least two of the channels of the distributor 8 have different lengths.
  • the free edge 16 has a zig-zag shape, that is to say it comprises convex and concave portions arranged alternately.
  • this shape is sawtooth, that is to say that the free edge 16 is made up of rectilinear segments.
  • the zig-zag shape could be all or part curved, for example sinusoidal.
  • a level line of the upper surface 12 (represented in Figure 4 by a horizontal line), that is to say a line having a constant altitude relative to the ground.
  • the level line is a projection of the free edge 8 of the photovoltaic panel 2 on the upper surface 12.
  • first drop of water is routed through the first channel (following the dotted arrow on the left in Figure 4), that a second drop of water is routed through the second channel (following the dotted arrow dotted to the right in Figure 4), after these two drops of water have left the level line at the same time.
  • the first drop reaches the first portion of the free edge 16 before the second drop of water reaches the second portion of the free edge 16.
  • the first drop of water will reach a first area of the ground and the second drop water will reach a second zone of the ground located further than the first zone, if we place our in the direction of flow of the drops.
  • the upper wall 18 is optional (but remains advantageous for providing rigidity to the distributor 4).
  • the plurality of channels of the distributor is formed by a corrugated wall 10. This shows that wall 18 is optional, as are partitions 26.
  • the free edge 16 of the distributor 14 is located below the photovoltaic panel 2 which supplies it with rainwater. Consequently, the distributor 4 irrigates an area of the ground which is located below the photovoltaic panel 2. However, this is not obligatory.
  • the free edge 16 can be found elsewhere in other embodiments, in particular under another photovoltaic panel of system 1 adjacent to photovoltaic panel 2.

Abstract

The invention relates to a system (1) comprising: a photovoltaic panel (2), a distributor (4) for collecting rainwater that has previously fallen on the photovoltaic panel (2), the distributor (4) having a free edge (16) and a surface (12) ending in the free edge (16), the distributor (4) being able to be placed in a position of use in which the free edge (16) overhangs the ground and in which the surface (16) is inclined with respect to the ground in order to convey the collected rainwater to the free edge (16), the system being characterized in that the distributor (4) defines a plurality of channels (28) on the surface (12) for distributing the collected rainwater to different portions of the free edge (16), and in that a projection of the free edge (16) on the ground is non-rectilinear when the distributor (4) is in the position of use.

Description

Système comprenant un panneau photovoltaïque et un répartiteur d’eau de pluie System comprising a photovoltaic panel and a rainwater distributor
DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION
DOMAINE DE L'INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La présente divulgation se rapporte au domaine de l’agrivoltaïque. This disclosure relates to the field of agrivoltaics.
L’agrivoltaïque ou « Agri-PV » est un domaine qui mêle agriculture et production électrique photovoltaïque sur une surface commune. Le principe est d’installer sur une surface de production agricole des panneaux photovoltaïques susceptibles de créer artificiellement de l’ombre et un abri et en même temps de produire de l’électricité. Agrivoltaics or “Agri-PV” is a field that combines agriculture and photovoltaic electricity production on a common surface. The principle is to install photovoltaic panels on an agricultural production area capable of artificially creating shade and shelter and at the same time producing electricity.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE STATE OF THE ART
Il est connu de l’état de la technique des systèmes comprenant un panneau photovoltaïque et un répartiteur d’eau configuré pour collecter de l’eau de pluie ayant coulée sur le panneau photovoltaïque. Le répartiteur d’eau présente une surface se terminant par le bord libre. Dans une position d’utilisation, le répartiteur le bord libre surplombe un sol à irriguer, et la surface forme une pente inclinée par rapport au sol. It is known from the state of the art systems comprising a photovoltaic panel and a water distributor configured to collect rainwater having flowed onto the photovoltaic panel. The water distributor has a surface ending with the free edge. In a position of use, the free edge of the distributor overhangs a ground to be irrigated, and the surface forms an inclined slope relative to the ground.
Plusieurs formes de répartiteurs d’eau ont été proposées. Several forms of water distributors have been proposed.
Un premier répartiteur d’eau connu se présente sous la forme d’une gouttière percée. La gouttière présente une surface supérieure concave formant un canal pour l’écoulement de l’eau de pluie collectée. Un inconvénient d’une telle gouttière est qu’elle a tendance à concentrer l’eau de pluie collectée le long d’une ligne centrale au fond de la surface concave. L’eau collectée a tendance à chuter dans des trous agencés le long de cette ligne centrale. En conséquence, des cultures se trouvant sous la gouttière ne sont irriguées que sur une zone restreinte. La concentration de l’eau de pluie sur cette zone restreinte peut avoir pour conséquence de former une cavité dans le sol par érosion. Une telle érosion est néfaste pour les cultures. A first known water distributor is in the form of a pierced gutter. The gutter has a concave upper surface forming a channel for the flow of collected rainwater. A disadvantage of such a gutter is that it tends to concentrate the collected rainwater along a central line at the bottom of the concave surface. The collected water tends to fall into holes arranged along this central line. As a result, crops located under the gutter are only irrigated in a restricted area. The concentration of rainwater in this restricted area can result in the formation of a cavity in the ground through erosion. Such erosion is harmful to crops.
Un deuxième répartiteur d’eau connu présente une surface plane inclinée par rapport au sol se terminant par un bord rectiligne. L’eau de pluie collectée par le deuxième répartiteur est acheminée par la surface plane jusqu’au bord libre. Toutefois, l’eau de pluie chutant depuis le bord rectiligne ne peut atteindre qu’une zone rectiligne relativement restreinte. En raison de potentielles imperfections de surface ou de la présence de poussières résiduelles sur la surface plane, l’eau de pluie coulant sur la surface plane peut avoir tendance à se concentrer, si bien que l’eau de pluie peut n’atteindre qu’une portion restreinte du bord libre. EXPOSE DE L'INVENTION A second known water distributor has a flat surface inclined relative to the ground ending in a rectilinear edge. The rainwater collected by the second distributor is conveyed through the flat surface to the free edge. However, rainwater falling from the straight edge can only reach a relatively small straight area. Due to potential surface imperfections or the presence of residual dust on the flat surface, rainwater flowing over the flat surface may tend to concentrate, so that rainwater may only reach a restricted portion of the free edge. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Un but de l’invention est de proposer un système agrivoltaïque qui irrigue des cultures tout en limitant l’érosion du sol. One aim of the invention is to propose an agrivoltaic system which irrigates crops while limiting soil erosion.
Ce but est atteint par un système comprenant : This goal is achieved by a system comprising:
- un panneau photovoltaïque, - a photovoltaic panel,
- un répartiteur pour collecter de l’eau de pluie ayant préalablement coulé sur le panneau photovoltaïque, le répartiteur présentant un bord libre et une surface se terminant par le bord libre, le répartiteur étant propre à être placé dans une position d’utilisation dans laquelle le bord libre surplombe un sol, et dans laquelle la surface est inclinée par rapport au sol pour acheminer l’eau de pluie collectée jusqu’au bord libre, dans lequel le répartiteur délimite une pluralité de canaux sur la surface pour répartir l’eau de pluie collectée vers différentes portions du bord libre, et en ce qu’une projection du bord libre sur le sol est non rectiligne, lorsque le répartiteur est dans la position d’utilisation.- a distributor for collecting rainwater having previously flowed onto the photovoltaic panel, the distributor having a free edge and a surface ending with the free edge, the distributor being suitable for being placed in a position of use in which the free edge overhangs a ground, and in which the surface is inclined relative to the ground to convey the collected rainwater to the free edge, in which the distributor defines a plurality of channels on the surface to distribute the water from rain collected towards different portions of the free edge, and in that a projection of the free edge on the ground is non-rectilinear, when the distributor is in the position of use.
Les différents canaux ont pour effet de répartir de manière contrôlée l’eau de pluie sur toute la longueur du bord libre. De plus, le fait que la projection du bord libre sur le sol soit non rectiligne dans la position d’utilisation a pour effet de permettre à des gouttes de pluies chutant depuis le bord libre d’atteindre une zone du sol s’étendant dans deux directions mutuellement orthogonales dont l’aire est plus grande que celle qui serait obtenue avec un bord libre dont la projection sur le sol est rectiligne. Par conséquent, l’eau est répartie de manière homogène sur le sol. Les cultures se trouvant sur ce sol sont donc mieux irriguées, la formation de cavités dans le sol par érosion est limitée. The different channels have the effect of distributing rainwater in a controlled manner over the entire length of the free edge. In addition, the fact that the projection of the free edge on the ground is non-rectilinear in the position of use has the effect of allowing raindrops falling from the free edge to reach an area of the ground extending in two mutually orthogonal directions whose area is greater than that which would be obtained with a free edge whose projection on the ground is rectilinear. Therefore, the water is distributed evenly on the ground. Crops growing on this soil are therefore better irrigated and the formation of cavities in the soil through erosion is limited.
Le système proposé peut également comprendre les caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison à chaque fois qu’une telle combinaison fait sens. The proposed system may also include the following features, taken alone or in combination whenever such a combination makes sense.
De préférence, le bord libre est en zig-zag. Preferably, the free edge is zig-zag.
De préférence, au moins deux des canaux ont des longueurs différentes. Preferably, at least two of the channels have different lengths.
De préférence, les canaux sont rectilignes. Preferably, the channels are straight.
De préférence, les canaux sont parallèles. Preferably, the channels are parallel.
De préférence le bord libre se trouve sous le panneau photovoltaïque dans la position d’utilisation. Preferably the free edge is under the photovoltaic panel in the position of use.
De préférence, le système comprenant un deuxième panneau photovoltaïque, et le bord libre se trouve sous le deuxième panneau photovoltaïque dans la position d’utilisation. De préférence le répartiteur comprend une plaque en polycarbonate, les canaux étant formés dans la plaque. Preferably, the system comprising a second photovoltaic panel, and the free edge is located under the second photovoltaic panel in the position of use. Preferably the distributor comprises a polycarbonate plate, the channels being formed in the plate.
De préférence, la surface est plane. Preferably, the surface is flat.
De préférence, la surface est inclinée d’un angle compris entre 5 et 50 degrés par rapport au sol dans la position d’utilisation. Preferably, the surface is inclined at an angle between 5 and 50 degrees relative to the ground in the position of use.
DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
D’autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de l’invention ressortiront de la description qui suit, qui est purement illustrative et non limitative, et qui doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels : Other characteristics, aims and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and not limiting, and which must be read with reference to the appended drawings in which:
La figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale schématique d’un système selon un mode de réalisation. Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a system according to one embodiment.
La figure 2 est vue en coupe longitudinale d’une partie aval d’un répartiteur d’eau de pluie du système de la figure 1 . Figure 2 is seen in longitudinal section of a downstream part of a rainwater distributor of the system of Figure 1.
La figure 3 est vue en coupe transversale du répartiteur de la figure 2. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the distributor of Figure 2.
La figure 4 est une vue partielle de dessus d’une surface de répartiteur, selon un mode de réalisation. Figure 4 is a partial top view of a distributor surface, according to one embodiment.
Sur l’ensemble des figures, les éléments similaires portent des références identiques. In all the figures, similar elements bear identical references.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En référence à la figure 1 , un système 1 selon un mode de réalisation comprend un panneau photovoltaïque 2 et un répartiteur d’eau de pluie 4. With reference to Figure 1, a system 1 according to one embodiment comprises a photovoltaic panel 2 and a rainwater distributor 4.
Le panneau photovoltaïque 2, connu en lui-même, a pour fonction de convertir une énergie lumineuse en énergie électrique. The photovoltaic panel 2, known in itself, has the function of converting light energy into electrical energy.
Le système comprend une structure (non illustrée) sur laquelle le panneau photovoltaïque 2 est monté, cette structure étant propre à être posée sur un sol. The system comprises a structure (not illustrated) on which the photovoltaic panel 2 is mounted, this structure being suitable for being placed on a ground.
Le panneau photovoltaïque 2 présente une surface réceptrice 6 pour recevoir la lumière du soleil dont l’énergie peut être convertie en énergie électrique. La surface réceptrice 6 est plane, par exemple de forme rectangulaire. The photovoltaic panel 2 has a receiving surface 6 for receiving sunlight, the energy of which can be converted into electrical energy. The receiving surface 6 is flat, for example rectangular in shape.
Sur la figure 1 , le système 1 est représenté dans une position d’utilisation. Dans cette position d’utilisation, le système 1 est posé ou fixé sur un sol, de telle sorte que le panneau photovoltaïque 2 se trouve à distance du sol, avec la surface réceptrice 6 inclinée par rapport au sol et orientée vers le ciel. In Figure 1, the system 1 is shown in a position of use. In this position of use, the system 1 is placed or fixed on a floor, such that the panel photovoltaic 2 is located at a distance from the ground, with the receiving surface 6 inclined relative to the ground and oriented towards the sky.
Le panneau photovoltaïque 2 est de préférence mobile en rotation par rapport à la structure, de telle sorte que l’angle d’inclinaison de la surface réceptrice par rapport au sol peut varier. En variante, le panneau photovoltaïque 2 est fixe par rapport à la structure (et donc par rapport au sol). Quel que soit le mode de réalisation, il existe au moins une orientation du panneau photovoltaïque 2 dans laquelle la surface réceptrice est inclinée par rapport au sol d’un angle strictement supérieur à zéro, lorsque le système se trouve dans la position d’utilisation, de telle sorte que de l’eau de pluie peut couler par simple gravité sur la surface réceptrice 6. The photovoltaic panel 2 is preferably mobile in rotation relative to the structure, such that the angle of inclination of the receiving surface relative to the ground can vary. Alternatively, the photovoltaic panel 2 is fixed relative to the structure (and therefore relative to the ground). Whatever the embodiment, there is at least one orientation of the photovoltaic panel 2 in which the receiving surface is inclined relative to the ground by an angle strictly greater than zero, when the system is in the position of use, so that rainwater can flow by simple gravity onto the receiving surface 6.
La surface réceptrice 6 présente un bord libre 8. Le bord libre 8 est par exemple rectiligne lorsque la surface réceptrice est rectangulaire. Ce bord libre 8 est un bord de la surface réceptrice 6 qui est le plus proche du répartiteur 4 (et du sol dans la position d’utilisation du système). Lorsque de l’eau de pluie s’écoule sur la surface réceptrice 6, cette eau est dirigée par gravité vers le bord libre 8, et c’est depuis ce bord libre 8 que l’eau chute vers le sol. The receiving surface 6 has a free edge 8. The free edge 8 is for example rectilinear when the receiving surface is rectangular. This free edge 8 is an edge of the receiving surface 6 which is closest to the distributor 4 (and to the ground in the position of use of the system). When rainwater flows onto the receiving surface 6, this water is directed by gravity towards the free edge 8, and it is from this free edge 8 that the water falls towards the ground.
Le répartiteur 4 a pour fonction de collecter l’eau de pluie ayant préalablement coulé sur le panneau photovoltaïque 2, lorsque le système est dans la position d’utilisation, et de la répartir vers différentes zones du sol. The function of the distributor 4 is to collect the rainwater having previously flowed onto the photovoltaic panel 2, when the system is in the use position, and to distribute it to different areas of the ground.
Lorsque le système 1 est dans la position d’utilisation, le répartiteur 4 est agencé entre le panneau photovoltaïque 2 et le sol. Par ailleurs, le répartiteur se trouve sous le panneau photovoltaïque 2, de sorte à pouvoir irriguer des plantes qui se trouvent sous le panneau photovoltaïque 2. When system 1 is in the use position, distributor 4 is arranged between photovoltaic panel 2 and the ground. Furthermore, the distributor is located under the photovoltaic panel 2, so as to be able to irrigate plants which are located under the photovoltaic panel 2.
Le répartiteur 4 comprend une première paroi 10 présentant une première surface supérieure 12 et une première surface inférieure 14 opposée à la première surface inférieure. The distributor 4 comprises a first wall 10 having a first upper surface 12 and a first lower surface 14 opposite the first lower surface.
La première surface supérieure 12 comprend une partie amont et une partie aval qui prolonge la partie amont. La partie amont constitue une partie pour recevoir de l’eau ayant chuté du panneau photovoltaïque 2. À cet effet, la partie amont peut présenter un profil concave formant une demi-gouttière, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 1. The first upper surface 12 comprises an upstream part and a downstream part which extends the upstream part. The upstream part constitutes a part for receiving water having fallen from the photovoltaic panel 2. For this purpose, the upstream part can have a concave profile forming a half-gutter, as shown in Figure 1.
La partie aval de la première surface supérieure se termine par un premier bord libre 16. Le premier bord libre 16 relie la première surface supérieure 12 à la première surface inférieure La partie aval de la surface supérieure 12 est de préférence plane. The downstream part of the first upper surface ends with a first free edge 16. The first free edge 16 connects the first upper surface 12 to the first lower surface The downstream part of the upper surface 12 is preferably planar.
L’angle d’inclinaison a de la surface supérieure 12 (au moins dans sa partie aval) par rapport au sol dans la position d’utilisation du système 1 est compris de préférence entre 5 et 50 degrés, par exemple 20 degrés. The angle of inclination a of the upper surface 12 (at least in its downstream part) relative to the ground in the position of use of the system 1 is preferably between 5 and 50 degrees, for example 20 degrees.
Lorsque le système est dans la position d’utilisation, la première surface supérieure 12 est orientée vers le panneau photovoltaïque 2, et inclinée par rapport au sol, tandis que la surface inférieure 14 est en regard du sol. Par ailleurs, dans cette position, la partie amont se trouve à une altitude plus élevée que la partie aval. Dans cette position, lorsque de l’eau de pluie s’écoule sur la première surface supérieure 12, cette eau est dirigée par gravité vers le premier bord libre 16, et c’est depuis ce premier bord libre 16 que l’eau chute ensuite en dessous du répartiteur 4 vers le sol S. When the system is in the use position, the first upper surface 12 is oriented towards the photovoltaic panel 2, and inclined relative to the ground, while the lower surface 14 faces the ground. Furthermore, in this position, the upstream part is at a higher altitude than the downstream part. In this position, when rainwater flows onto the first upper surface 12, this water is directed by gravity towards the first free edge 16, and it is from this first free edge 16 that the water then falls. below distributor 4 towards the S ground.
Le répartiteur 4 comprend par ailleurs une deuxième paroi 18. The distributor 4 also comprises a second wall 18.
En référence à la figure 2, la deuxième paroi 18 présente une deuxième surface inférieure 20, et une deuxième une surface supérieure 22 opposée à la deuxième surface inférieure.With reference to Figure 2, the second wall 18 has a second lower surface 20, and a second upper surface 22 opposite the second lower surface.
La deuxième paroi 18 présente en outre un deuxième bord libre 24 reliant la première surface inférieure 20 à la première surface supérieure 22. The second wall 18 also has a second free edge 24 connecting the first lower surface 20 to the first upper surface 22.
La deuxième surface inférieure 20 est en regard de la première surface supérieure 12, de sorte à délimiter entre elles un espace d’écoulement dans lequel de l’eau de pluie en provenance du panneau photovoltaïque 2 peut s’écouler par gravité. The second lower surface 20 faces the first upper surface 12, so as to delimit between them a flow space in which rainwater coming from the photovoltaic panel 2 can flow by gravity.
Plus précisément, la deuxième surface inférieure est en regard de la partie aval de la première surface supérieure 12. More precisely, the second lower surface faces the downstream part of the first upper surface 12.
Le deuxième bord libre 24 est en regard du premier bord libre 16. Le premier bord libre 16 et le deuxième bord libre 24 délimitent entre eux une zone de sortie de l’espace d’écoulement, c’est-à-dire une zone par laquelle de l’eau peut sortir de l’espace après s’y être écoulé. The second free edge 24 faces the first free edge 16. The first free edge 16 and the second free edge 24 delimit between them an exit zone from the flow space, that is to say a zone per which water can exit the space after flowing through it.
En référence à la figure 3, le répartiteur 4 comprend une pluralité de cloisons 26 reliant la première paroi 10 à la deuxième paroi 18, de manière à diviser l’espace d’écoulement en une pluralité de canaux séparés 28. Plus précisément, chaque cloison 26 s’étend depuis la partie aval de la première surface supérieure 12 jusqu’à la deuxième surface inférieure 20.With reference to Figure 3, the distributor 4 comprises a plurality of partitions 26 connecting the first wall 10 to the second wall 18, so as to divide the flow space into a plurality of separate channels 28. More precisely, each partition 26 extends from the downstream part of the first upper surface 12 to the second lower surface 20.
La figure 3 montre un exemple de réalisation dans lequel le nombre de cloisons 26 est égal à cinq, de sorte à délimiter quatre canaux distincts 28. Il est entendu qu’il ne s’agit que d’un exemple : le nombre de canaux et de cloisons peut être différent. Les cloisons 26 sont parallèles. Ainsi, les directions moyenne d’écoulement d’eau dans les différents canaux 28 sont parallèles. Figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the number of partitions 26 is equal to five, so as to delimit four distinct channels 28. It is understood that this is only an example: the number of channels and of partitions may be different. The partitions 26 are parallel. Thus, the average directions of water flow in the different channels 28 are parallel.
Chaque canal 28 a ainsi une entrée et une sortie. Each channel 28 thus has an input and an output.
Chaque entrée de canal 28 constitue une portion de la zone d’entrée. De la sorte, les canaux reçoivent de l’eau de pluie en provenance de différentes zones du panneau photovoltaïque 2. Each channel input 28 constitutes a portion of the input zone. In this way, the channels receive rainwater coming from different areas of the photovoltaic panel 2.
Le fond de chaque canal 28 est formé par une portion de la première surface supérieure 12 s’étendant entre deux cloisons 26 adjacentes, dans la partie aval. The bottom of each channel 28 is formed by a portion of the first upper surface 12 extending between two adjacent partitions 26, in the downstream part.
Par ailleurs, chaque sortie de canal 28 constitue une portion de la zone de sortie de l’espace, et est délimitée par une portion spécifique du premier bord libre 16. De la sorte, les canaux 28 répartissent de l’eau de pluie en provenance du panneau photovoltaïque 2 vers ces différentes portions du bord libre 16. Furthermore, each channel outlet 28 constitutes a portion of the exit zone of the space, and is delimited by a specific portion of the first free edge 16. In this way, the channels 28 distribute rainwater coming from from the photovoltaic panel 2 towards these different portions of the free edge 16.
Par exemple, lorsque la première surface supérieure et la deuxième surface inférieure sont parallèle, et que les cloisons sont parallèles, chaque canal 28 peut avoir une section rectangulaire (comme cela est représenté sur la figure 3), voire carrée. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, chaque canal 28 a une largeur de 10 millimètres et une hauteur de 10 millimètres. For example, when the first upper surface and the second lower surface are parallel, and the partitions are parallel, each channel 28 can have a rectangular section (as shown in Figure 3), or even square. In a particular embodiment, each channel 28 has a width of 10 millimeters and a height of 10 millimeters.
La parois 10 et les cloisons 26 peuvent constituer différentes parties d’une plaque en polycarbonate. Ainsi, dans ce mode de réalisation, les canaux 28 sont formés à l’intérieur de cette plaque. La deuxième paroi 18 peut également faire partie de cette plaque. En variante, la deuxième paroi 18 est réalisée en aluminium. The wall 10 and the partitions 26 can constitute different parts of a polycarbonate plate. Thus, in this embodiment, the channels 28 are formed inside this plate. The second wall 18 can also be part of this plate. Alternatively, the second wall 18 is made of aluminum.
En référence à la figure 4, le bord libre 16 est non rectiligne (en particulier dans le plan de la première surface supérieure 12). En conséquence, la projection de ce bord libre 16 sur le sol n’est pas rectiligne non plus. With reference to Figure 4, the free edge 16 is not rectilinear (in particular in the plane of the first upper surface 12). Consequently, the projection of this free edge 16 on the ground is not rectilinear either.
Dit d’une autre manière, le bord libre 16 comprend des points qui occupent des positions différentes le long d’un axe parallèle à une direction moyenne d’écoulement d’eau sur la première surface supérieure 12. Said another way, the free edge 16 comprises points which occupy different positions along an axis parallel to an average direction of water flow on the first upper surface 12.
On a représenté sur la figure 4 deux flèches en pointillés montrant la trajectoire suivie par de l’eau s’écoulant dans un premier canal et un deuxième canal tous deux délimités par le répartiteur 4. Figure 4 shows two dotted arrows showing the trajectory followed by water flowing in a first channel and a second channel, both delimited by the distributor 4.
Comme le montrent ces flèches en pointillés, le premier canal a une première longueur et se termine par une première portion du bord libre 16. Le deuxième canal, représenté à droite du premier canal sur la figure 4, a une deuxième longueur supérieure à la première longueur, et se termine par une deuxième portion du bord libre 16 différente de la première portion. La deuxième portion du bord libre 12 est plus en aval que la première portion du bord libre 12. As these dotted arrows show, the first channel has a first length and ends with a first portion of the free edge 16. The second channel, shown in right of the first channel in Figure 4, has a second length greater than the first length, and ends with a second portion of the free edge 16 different from the first portion. The second portion of the free edge 12 is further downstream than the first portion of the free edge 12.
Ainsi, au moins deux des canaux du répartiteur 8 ont des longueurs différentes. Thus, at least two of the channels of the distributor 8 have different lengths.
De préférence, le bord libre 16 a une forme en zig-zag, c’est-à-dire qu’elle comprend des portions convexes et concaves agencées en alternance. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 4, cette forme est en dent de scie, c’est-à-dire que le bord libre 16 est constituée de segments rectilignes. En variante, la forme en zig-zag pourrait être tout ou partie courbe, par exemple sinusoïdale. Preferably, the free edge 16 has a zig-zag shape, that is to say it comprises convex and concave portions arranged alternately. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, this shape is sawtooth, that is to say that the free edge 16 is made up of rectilinear segments. Alternatively, the zig-zag shape could be all or part curved, for example sinusoidal.
Il est représenté sur la figure 4 une ligne de niveau de la surface supérieure 12 (représentée sur la figure 4 par une ligne horizontale), c’est-à-dire une ligne ayant une altitude constante par rapport au sol. La ligne de niveau est une projection du bord libre 8 du panneau photovoltaïque 2 sur la surface supérieure 12. There is shown in Figure 4 a level line of the upper surface 12 (represented in Figure 4 by a horizontal line), that is to say a line having a constant altitude relative to the ground. The level line is a projection of the free edge 8 of the photovoltaic panel 2 on the upper surface 12.
Supposons qu’une première goutte d’eau est acheminée par le premier canal (en suivant la flèche en pointillés à gauche sur la figure 4), qu’une deuxième goutte d’eau est acheminée par le deuxième canal (en suivant la flèche en pointillés à droite sur la figure 4), après que ces deux gouttes d’eau ont quitté la ligne de niveau au même instant. La première goutte atteint la première portion du bord libre 16 avant que la deuxième goutte d’eau n’atteigne la deuxième portion du bord libre 16. En outre, la première goutte d’eau va atteindre une première zone du sol et la deuxième goutte d’eau va atteindre une deuxième zone du sol située plus loin que la première zone, si l’on se place dans la direction d’écoulement des gouttes. Suppose that a first drop of water is routed through the first channel (following the dotted arrow on the left in Figure 4), that a second drop of water is routed through the second channel (following the dotted arrow dotted to the right in Figure 4), after these two drops of water have left the level line at the same time. The first drop reaches the first portion of the free edge 16 before the second drop of water reaches the second portion of the free edge 16. In addition, the first drop of water will reach a first area of the ground and the second drop water will reach a second zone of the ground located further than the first zone, if we place ourselves in the direction of flow of the drops.
Plus généralement, l’ensemble des gouttes atteignant le sol après avoir chuté du répartiteur 4 au niveau du bord libre 12 non-rectiligne couvre une surface d’aire substantielle, en tout plus élevée que si le bord libre 12 était rectiligne et parallèle à la ligne de niveau discutée précédemment. En particulier, le fait que le bord libre 12 présente une forme en zig-zag permet d’augmenter significativement l’aire de la surface du sol irriguée. More generally, all of the drops reaching the ground after having fallen from the distributor 4 at the level of the non-rectilinear free edge 12 cover a surface of substantial area, in all higher than if the free edge 12 were rectilinear and parallel to the level line discussed previously. In particular, the fact that the free edge 12 has a zig-zag shape makes it possible to significantly increase the area of the irrigated soil surface.
La présente divulgation n’est pas limitée aux modes de réalisations représentés sur les figures. The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown in the figures.
La paroi supérieure 18 est facultative (mais reste avantageuse pour apporter de la rigidité au répartiteur 4). • Dans un mode de réalisation, la pluralité de canaux du répartiteur est formée par une paroi 10 ondulée. Ceci montre que la paroi 18 est facultative, de même que les cloisons 26. The upper wall 18 is optional (but remains advantageous for providing rigidity to the distributor 4). • In one embodiment, the plurality of channels of the distributor is formed by a corrugated wall 10. This shows that wall 18 is optional, as are partitions 26.
• Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 1 , le bord libre 16 du répartiteur 14 se trouve en dessous du panneau photovoltaïque 2 qui l’alimente en eau de pluie. En conséquence, le répartiteur 4 irrigue une zone du sol qui se trouve en dessous du panneau photovoltaïque 2. Toutefois, ceci n’est pas obligatoire. Le bord libre 16 peut trouver ailleurs dans d’autres modes de réalisation, en particulier sous un autre panneau photovoltaïque du système 1 adjacent au panneau photovoltaïque 2. • In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the free edge 16 of the distributor 14 is located below the photovoltaic panel 2 which supplies it with rainwater. Consequently, the distributor 4 irrigates an area of the ground which is located below the photovoltaic panel 2. However, this is not obligatory. The free edge 16 can be found elsewhere in other embodiments, in particular under another photovoltaic panel of system 1 adjacent to photovoltaic panel 2.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Système (1 ) comprenant : 1. System (1) comprising:
- un panneau photovoltaïque (2), - a photovoltaic panel (2),
- un répartiteur (4) pour collecter de l’eau de pluie ayant préalablement coulé sur le panneau photovoltaïque (2), le répartiteur (4) présentant un bord libre (16) et une surface (12) se terminant par le bord libre (16), le répartiteur (4) étant propre à être placé dans une position d’utilisation dans laquelle le bord libre (16) surplombe un sol, et dans laquelle la surface (16) est inclinée par rapport au sol pour acheminer l’eau de pluie collectée jusqu’au bord libre (16), le système étant caractérisé en ce que le répartiteur (4) délimite une pluralité de canaux (28) sur la surface (12) pour répartir l’eau de pluie collectée vers différentes portions du bord libre (16), et en ce qu’une projection du bord libre (16) sur le sol est non rectiligne, lorsque le répartiteur (4) est dans la position d’utilisation, dans lequel au moins deux des canaux (28) ont des longueurs différentes. - a distributor (4) for collecting rainwater having previously flowed onto the photovoltaic panel (2), the distributor (4) having a free edge (16) and a surface (12) ending in the free edge ( 16), the distributor (4) being able to be placed in a position of use in which the free edge (16) overhangs a ground, and in which the surface (16) is inclined relative to the ground to convey the water of rain collected up to the free edge (16), the system being characterized in that the distributor (4) delimits a plurality of channels (28) on the surface (12) to distribute the rainwater collected towards different portions of the free edge (16), and in that a projection of the free edge (16) on the ground is non-rectilinear, when the distributor (4) is in the use position, in which at least two of the channels (28) have different lengths.
2. Système (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le bord libre (16) est en zig-zag. 2. System (1) according to claim 1, wherein the free edge (16) is zig-zag.
3. Système (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les canaux (28) sont rectilignes. 3. System (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the channels (28) are rectilinear.
4. Système (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les canaux (28) sont parallèles. 4. System (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the channels (28) are parallel.
5. Système (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le bord libre se trouve sous le panneau photovoltaïque dans la position d’utilisation. 5. System (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the free edge is located under the photovoltaic panel in the position of use.
6. Système selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant un deuxième panneau photovoltaïque, dans lequel le bord libre se trouve sous le deuxième panneau photovoltaïque dans la position d’utilisation. 6. System according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a second photovoltaic panel, in which the free edge is located under the second photovoltaic panel in the position of use.
7. Système (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le répartiteur (4) comprend une plaque en polycarbonate, les canaux étant formés dans la plaque. 7. System (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the distributor (4) comprises a polycarbonate plate, the channels being formed in the plate.
8. Système (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la surface (12) est plane. 8. System (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the surface (12) is planar.
9. Système (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la surface est inclinée d’un angle compris entre 5 et 50 degrés par rapport au sol dans la position d’utilisation. 9. System (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface is inclined at an angle of between 5 and 50 degrees relative to the ground in the position of use.
PCT/FR2023/051536 2022-10-04 2023-10-04 System comprising a photovoltaic panel and a rainwater distributor WO2024074786A1 (en)

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FR2210152A FR3140497A1 (en) 2022-10-04 2022-10-04 System comprising a photovoltaic panel and a rainwater distributor
FRFR2210152 2022-10-04

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101686022B1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2016-12-14 공주대학교 산학협력단 Multi-purpose rainwater storage using apparatus utilizing solar energy
DE202020002678U1 (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-07-31 Clemens Hauser Transparent plastic film for the retention and recycling of condensation water from the ground and for solar power production
WO2021229677A1 (en) * 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 ネクストエナジー・アンド・リソース株式会社 Water droplet reception member

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101686022B1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2016-12-14 공주대학교 산학협력단 Multi-purpose rainwater storage using apparatus utilizing solar energy
WO2021229677A1 (en) * 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 ネクストエナジー・アンド・リソース株式会社 Water droplet reception member
DE202020002678U1 (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-07-31 Clemens Hauser Transparent plastic film for the retention and recycling of condensation water from the ground and for solar power production

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