WO2024067939A1 - Récipient sous pression pour transport de gaz comprimés - Google Patents

Récipient sous pression pour transport de gaz comprimés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024067939A1
WO2024067939A1 PCT/EP2022/025443 EP2022025443W WO2024067939A1 WO 2024067939 A1 WO2024067939 A1 WO 2024067939A1 EP 2022025443 W EP2022025443 W EP 2022025443W WO 2024067939 A1 WO2024067939 A1 WO 2024067939A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure vessel
liner
pressure
ship
pressure vessels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/025443
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexandros TRANOS
Development Co Cng
Original Assignee
Tranos Alexandros
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tranos Alexandros filed Critical Tranos Alexandros
Priority to PCT/EP2022/025443 priority Critical patent/WO2024067939A1/fr
Publication of WO2024067939A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024067939A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a means of storage and transport of compressed gases in liquid state at ambient temperatures, or with moderate cooling, in all steel pressure vessels with large diameter for increased quantity intake.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to enable the fabrication of large diameter steel pressure vessels with high ratio of compressed gas weight to container weight for the storage and/or transport of compressed gasses by ship or ashore by land transport vehicle.
  • PV Pressure vessels
  • Carbon fibers are extensively used in the aircraft industry where the weight reduction of strength members is extremely important and therefore their use in small quantities to strengthen particular aircraft parts despite the high cost is commercially justified.
  • the use of carbon or other composite fibers for the storage of large quantities of compressed gaseous liquids is not commercially justified and has not been applied.
  • the technical problem to be solved is to be able to manufacture large size steel high pressure vessel able to withstand the high tensile stresses caused by high internal pressures with a reduced weight.
  • the present invention makes use of property of metals to expand when heated and contract to the original dimensions when cooled.
  • the present invention makes a useful application of this property with the fitting on the pressure vessel outer surface of compression rings to relieve the tensile stresses which are preheated to expand before being fitted.
  • the compression rings are then allowed to cool to compress the pressure vessel and compensate by compression the internal tensile stresses.
  • the degree of expansion and contraction depends on the temperature at which the compression rings are heated.
  • the forces required to prevent the contraction of thermally expanded metal rings when cooled are enormous. In the design of the present invention such forces are applied in a useful manner to achieve a steel high pressure vessel with larger diameter and reduced weight to the equivalent capacity steel single skin pressure vessel .
  • the novelty of the present invention is the application of the physical property of steel to expand when heated and contract when cooled to improve the overall strength of large steel high pressure vessels with reduced weight.
  • the inventive step of the present invention is achieved by the use of high tensile alloy steel rings with an inside diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the steel pressure vessel which are preheated to sufficiently expand for fitting onto the pressure vessel outer surface. When allowed to cool the alloy rings contract and the enormous contraction forces compress the pressure vessel to a predetermined degree to compensate the high tensile internal stresses when filled with high pressure liquid gasses.
  • this invention relates to reduced weight steel large pressure vessels of reduced weight for storage ashore or offshore and/or for transportation by ship at sea or ashore by land transport vehicles of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquid Hydrogen (H2) or other compressed gases in large quantities which is hitherto not possible with exiting steel high pressure vessels.
  • CNG Compressed Natural Gas
  • H2 Liquid Hydrogen
  • the present invention will enable the fabrication efficiently of less expensive compressed gas steel pressure vessels for the storage and transportation of gaseous liquids under high pressure in large diameter high pressure vessels with increased intake capacity.
  • the construction of the present invention allows the cylindrical liner to be fabricated with small thickness material while the annular strengthening rings which carry the higher tensile stresses are fabricated from a thicker high tensile steel alloy able to withstand the tensile stresses.
  • the combined weight of the present invention pressure vessel is appreciably reduced in comparison to the equivalent thick single-skin pressure vessels.
  • the present invention covers the need to store and transport compressed gases in liquid state more efficiently than the other existing methods which use heavy steel or expensive fiber pressure vessels.
  • the present invention large diameter steel high pressure vessel with a reduced structural weight to liquid gas content ratio for the storage or transportation of large quantities of compressed gasses will overcome the deficiency and drawback of heavy small diameter steel pressure vessels or larger uneconomical fiber strengthened pressure vessels.
  • Ships equipped with steel pressure Vessels of the present invention will enable transportation of large Liquid Hydrogen or CNG quantities with fewer number of Pressure Vessels structurally fitted in the ship’s hull having optimum diameter and length depending on the required ship carrying capacity.
  • the present invention relates to all steel pressure vessels of reduced weight to those of existing steel pressure vessels for the storage and transportation of compressed gaseous liquids by ship or road or rail vehicle by the design of all steel construction high-pressure cylinders of reduced weight.
  • the present invention relates to storage and transport of compressed gases in liquid state by (i) the design of all steel construction large high-pressure cylinders of reduced weight able to withstand high pressures for the storage of gases in liquid state at ambient temperatures or with moderate cooling for storage and/or transportation.
  • a known property of metals is that they expand when heated and contract to the original dimensions when allowed to cool. The degree of expansion and contraction depends on the temperature at which the metal is heated.
  • the present invention makes use of the above physical property of steel by fitting of an expanded preheated alloy steel rings with an internal diameter smaller than that on the outside of the pressure vessel cylinder, preheated sufficiently to be fitted to the pressure vessel outer surface.
  • an expanded preheated alloy steel rings with an internal diameter smaller than that on the outside of the pressure vessel cylinder, preheated sufficiently to be fitted to the pressure vessel outer surface.
  • the alloy steel rings are manufactured with an inside diameter which is smaller than the cylinder outside diameter.
  • the alloy steel rings are heated to a degree of expansion at which the inside diameter of the heat expanded ring becomes slightly larger than the outside diameter of the cylinder and the heated ring(s) is/are placed on the outside of the cylinder.
  • the shrinkage of the rings when allowed to cool, will exert an all round compression on the cylinder.
  • the amount or degree of compression depends on the difference between the two diameters which constitutes the interface interference on the mating surface.
  • the compression forces increase with increased difference in the manufacture of the ring and cylinder diameters and thus can be predetermined and regulated to achieve the desired amount of compression on the cylinder.
  • the reduction in weight of the high pressure vessel of our invention is achieved by compensating and relieving the cylinder internal tensile stresses on the pressure vessel itself when the pressurized liquid gas is introduced into the pressure vessel by the compression forces on the cylinder caused by the contraction of the alloy steel outer rings which are able to withstand high internal tensile stresses.
  • the compression is such that when the pressure vessel is filled with pressurized gas the inside pressure acting in the opposite direction to the original compression pressure exerted by the shrink fitted outer rings is compensated and relieved by the original compression forces of the compression rings which form a continuous outer layer.
  • the present invention relates to the transportation by ship or land or rail vehicle(s) of high pressure compressed gasses in large quantities by the design of large high pressure vessels of reduced weight.
  • the high pressure vessels of the present invention may be structurally fitted on ships dedicated in the transportation of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Liquid Hydrogen (H2) or other liquefied gasses and/or for storage or transportation of high pressure compressed gasses by road vehicles or rail cars, the carriage of large compressed liquid gasses. Also , fitted with large pressure vessels of the present invention,
  • Figure 2 Is a schematic drawing of the longitudinal profile of a ship for CNG transportation structurally fitted with pressure vessels of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 Is a schematic drawing of the Plan view of a ship for CNG transportation structurally fitted with pressure vessels of the present invention
  • Figure 4 Is a schematic drawing of the Transverse section of the ship structurally fitted with pressure vessels of the present invention indicating a piping system for filling and emptying CNG to/from the Pressure Vessel
  • Figure 5 Is a schematic drawing of the Upper deck of a ship fitted with pressure vessels of the present invention dedicated to CNG transportation
  • the present invention relates to a pressure vessel with a metal liner of cylindrical shape over the majority of its length and hemispherical ends for the storage and transport of compressed gases in liquid state by the design of an all steel construction high-pressure cylinders of reduced weight.
  • Shrink-fitted compression rings of rectangular cross section are fitted on the outside of the cylindrical liner throughout its length adjacent to each other forming a continuous layer or layers.
  • the shrink-fitted compression rings are of alloy high tensile steel with an inside diameter smaller than the outer cylinder diameter. They are preheated to expand to enable fitting on the cylinder outer surface.
  • the alloy steel rings are preheated to increase the ring inside diameter with respect to the cylinder outer diameter prior to fitting on the outside of the cylinder liner. Compression on the pressure vessel cylinder is achieved when the rings are allowed to cool. The degree of compression depends on the difference between the larger cylinder outside diameter and the smaller ring inside diameter.
  • the preheated alloy steel rings are fitted on the outside of the pressure vessel cylinder liner and allowed to shrink by cooling to such extent as to exert compression forces on the cylinder prior to the internal high pressure exerted on the cylinder liner by the introduction of high pressure compressed gasses.
  • the interference between the two diameters determines the degree of compression which serves to reduce the tensile stresses on the cylinder caused by the internal pressure of the compressed gasses.
  • the pressure vessel of this invention is to have at one end an opening for liquid gas filling and emptying and at the other end another opening for entry into the pressure vessel for inspection and/or maintenance.
  • the openings at the ends are intended for pressure vessels used in the vertical position. When used in the horizontal or inclined position the opening for filling and emptying is to be placed in the lowest position.
  • the pressure vessel has an inner steel cylinder liner of stainless steel or other alloy steel composition able to withstand gaseous corrosion.
  • Figure 1 - Is a schematic drawing of the present invention pressure vessel.
  • the pressure vessel of the present invention is made of a cylindrical vessel with spherical ends for storage or transportation of compressed gases in liquid state at a pressure in excess of 200 bar.
  • the pressure vessel of the present invention is fabricated with:
  • a stainless steel metallic cylindrical liner (1) and spherical ends (2) which offers corrosion protection from corrosive substances contained in untreated or unprocessed gases.
  • the metal liner (1) and hemispherical ends (2) are of Stainless steel, which can be selected from an API (American Petroleum Institute) or ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) A516 with a preferred tensile strength of 1560 MPa or higher.
  • steel high tensile alloy annular rings (3) are heated to expand the inside diameter sufficiently to become larger than the liner outside diameter. They are then fitted on the outside of the cylindrical liner (1) and allowed to cool to a shrink press fit.
  • the Alloy Steel Rings (3) are of Iron-Nickle Alloy or other alloy steel with a preferred tensile strength of 1500 MPa or higher.
  • the annular rings with a rectangular cross-section (3) are fitted in consecutive adjacent sequence to form a continuous external layer structure which serves to relieve tensile stresses of the cylindrical liner (1).
  • Shrink fit is obtained by an interference fit of the inside diameter of the consecutive rings when allowed to cool on the outside diameter of the liner.
  • the pipe connection to be preferably 6 to 10 inches for filling and offloading depending on the Pressure vessel dimensions.
  • a circular access opening (5) with opening sealing structure (6) is fitted at the upper end for access inside the PV for inspection or cleaning purposes.
  • the round opening for access and inspection to be a minimum of 450mm with maximum 600mm.
  • the liner (1) is compressed and the alloy steel rings (3) are expanded under tension.
  • the relative amount of compression and expansion depends on the difference between the liner outside diameter and the ring undersize inside diameter (interface).
  • the construction of the present invention allows the cylindrical liner (1) to be fabricated with small thickness material while the compression rings (3) which carry higher tensile stresses are fabricated from a thicker high tensile steel alloy able to withstand the tensile stresses with a safety margin.
  • the radial expansion forces from the gas pressure inside the liner (1) are partly compensated and relieved by the compression forces exerted by the shrink press fitted compression rings and are transferred to the high tensile alloy annular rings (3) able to withstand higher stresses.
  • the spherical ends (2) due to their spherical form are better able to withstand radial forces.
  • the same liquid gas internal pressure which is exerted inside the spherical parts cause smaller tensile stresses which require smaller spherical thickness than the combined thickness of the liner and compression rings.
  • the spherical ends (2) are of single skin stainless steel welded to the ends of the cylindrical liner (1) as shown in Figure 1.
  • Pressure vessels of the present invention can be used to store or transport a variety of gases, such as natural gas straight from an offshore or inshore well, or H2 or other gasses. These gasses can be compressed to a liquid state by compressor(s) to the required liquefying high pressure before filling the pressure vessel. Particularly CNG storage and/or transportation can be processed to a state for delivery to the industrial or residential end user..
  • gases such as natural gas straight from an offshore or inshore well, or H2 or other gasses.
  • Figures 2, 3, 4 & 5 are schematic drawings of a ship dedicated to the carriage of compressed gasses indicating arrangements for ship transportation of liquid gases.
  • Figure 2 Is an arrangement of a profile of a ship equipped with 66 Pressure vessels (7) for liquid gas transportation, fitted in four compartments separated by compartment separation steel structural divisions, transverse bulkheads (8).
  • the PVs are structurally fitted vertically in the ship’s hull and are interconnected by suitable piping and valves (10) for gaseous liquid intake or delivery operations.
  • each pressure vessel is connected at the bottom by piping and valves for filling and discharge (10).
  • Pipe connections are arranged in transverse rows of four.
  • Each twin rows of four are connected to a Lower pipe manifold (11) serving eight pressure vessels.
  • the lower manifold is connected to a pipe riser (12) leading to the Upper deck for connection to the main Upper Deck Manifold (13).
  • Pressure vessels are secured from movement in the fore-aft and sideways direction at mid-height and upper part by a system of steel braces (14) around the cylinder diameter which are attached by means of struts (15) to the transverse bulkhead division structures fore and aft and to ships side for prevention of side movement during rough seas.
  • the Upper Deck manifold (13) is connected to the compressor compartment from which the liquid gas is transferred to the pressure vessels (7).
  • the compressor compartment has a gas pipe inlet (21) from which gas is received from ashore or offshore into the compressor compartment for compression by the compressors prior to being filled into the pressure vessels.
  • An access hatch (19) is fitted for outside access to the compressor compartment.
  • the Upper deck is equipped with an inert gas line (20) which serves with inert gas for fire safety of the pressure vessel ship compartments No.1 to No.4.
  • the preferred inert gas piping dimensions to have a diameter of 150mm to 250mm depending on the compartment and pressure vessel volume.
  • Figure 3 Is a schematic arrangement of a plan view of a ship equipped with 66 Pressure vessels (7) for compressed gas transportation.
  • the Pressure vessels are fitted in four compartments separated by compartment separation steel structural divisions, transverse bulkheads (8).
  • the totality of the 66 Pressure vessels are divided 18 Pressure vessels in Compartment No.1 and compartments 2, 3, 4 each with 16 pressure vessels.
  • each pair of eight PVs are interconnected with piping and valves at the bottom to a common pipe manifold (11) at the bottom of the PVs, which is fitted with a pipe riser (12) leading up to the Upper deck.
  • each pressure vessels is connected at the bottom by piping and valves for filling and discharge (10).
  • Pipe connections are arranged in transverse rows of four each twin row of four is connected to a Lower transverse pipe manifold (11) serving eight pressure vessels.
  • the lower transverse manifold is connected to a pipe riser (12) leading to the Upper deck for connection to the main Upper Deck Pipe Manifold.
  • Pressure vessels (7) to be arranged with a minimum clearance of 500mm between each other and ships side to allow regular external inspection.
  • This clearance will also allow sufficient space for PV expansion when loaded with CNG under pressure.
  • the forward compartment (9) is equipped with compressors, filters and other accessories for compressed gas handling.
  • FIG. 4 Is a schematic drawing of a typical cross section of the ship’s compartments fitted with Pressure vessels of the present invention (7) for the carriage of compressed gases. Pressure vessels are connected by piping. Associated connecting piping arrangement of the pressure vessel’s pipe and valve connections (10) the bottom pipe manifolds (11 ) and the pipe riser to the upper deck (12) are indicated.
  • the position of the access opening (5) and the access opening sealing mechanism (6) are also indicated.
  • Lower pipe manifold (11) interconnection of the double bank of eight PVs allows for individual or simultaneous common filling or discharge delivery from the bottom of each PV.
  • the Pressure vessels are to be fitted at the lower end with supporting brackets (16) attached to the ship’s bottom tank deck.
  • the pressure vessels inside the ship are secured at the upper and middle cylindrical part against side and fore/aft movement, with suitable horizontal connecting structures with steel braces (14) and struts (15).
  • the securing structures (14) & (15) secure the pressure vessels between each other and with brackets to the ship compartment sides and transverse compartment bulkheads (8).
  • the horizontal supports are to be designed such as to allow small Pressure vessel expansion and contraction
  • Figure 5 - Is a schematic drawing of the Upper Deck arrangement showing a central Main Gas Manifold (13) fitted on the deck to which the risers (12) from below are connected with pipe connections and valves (17).
  • the main Gas manifold (13) is fitted with liquid gas receiving or delivery side piping and valves (18)
  • the main header manifold (13) can be fitted with metering devices for measuring intake and discharge quantities.
  • a Hatch opening arrangement (19) is provided to each pressure vessel for access from the open Upper Deck.
  • the liquid gases compressed by the compressors are transferred into the pressure vessel(s) (7) via the main upper deck Manifold (13).
  • the compartments containing pressure vessels with compressed gases are to be protected from fire hazards by filling the compartments with an inert gas such as Nitrogen or CO2 from an inert gas pipe line (20) with valves to each individual ship compartment .
  • the inert gas may be supplied from nitrogen bottles or an inert gas which can be produced from the propulsion engine flue exhaust gases. Exhaust gases used for inerting the compartments will require treatment through a scrubber to remove corrosive gas or particle substances.
  • the ship to be equipped with an inert gas system capable to inert all compartments with inert gas for safety purpose.
  • Main inert gas piping (20) is indicated on the Upper deck leading inert gas to each pressure valve ship compartment.
  • the ships are to be equipped with adequate firefighting systems, as foreseen by international standards and rules.
  • Piping diameters such as will enable receiving and delivery of Compressed Gases will be chosen depending on the ship’s arrangement and compressed gas quantities to be transported as the case may be.
  • Industrial application of the present pressure vessel invention is achieved by the thermally shrink fitting on the outer surface of the cylinder alloy steel compression rings able to withstand high tensile stresses to reduce the tensile stresses in the cylindrical part of the pressure vessel caused by the liquefied compressed gasses.
  • Industrial application of the present invention will allow the fabrication of large steel high pressure vessels which due to their size will have a reduced weight ratio to that of the weight of intake liquid gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne de grands récipients haute pression en acier cylindriques ayant des extrémités sphériques et un procédé de fabrication. La partie des réservoirs cylindriques sous pression est renforcée par des bagues de compression en acier allié haute résistance ayant un diamètre interne plus petit que le diamètre de revêtement externe, qui sont préchauffées pour se dilater avant d'être ajustées sur la surface externe du revêtement. Les contraintes de traction élevées de la chemise cylindrique sont compensées par les forces de compression exercées par les bagues de compression ajustées rétractables formant une ou plusieurs couches externes continues. Les contraintes de traction de chemise cylindrique sont transférées à la couche externe haute résistance à la traction d'anneaux annulaires en alliage capables de résister aux contraintes de traction élevées provoquées par les forces d'expansion radiale haute pression à l'intérieur de la chemise cylindrique du récipient sous pression. La présente invention permet la fabrication de récipients sous pression en acier de grand diamètre pour le stockage et/ou le transport de gaz comprimés par un navire ou par un véhicule de transport terrestre.
PCT/EP2022/025443 2022-09-26 2022-09-26 Récipient sous pression pour transport de gaz comprimés WO2024067939A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2022/025443 WO2024067939A1 (fr) 2022-09-26 2022-09-26 Récipient sous pression pour transport de gaz comprimés

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2022/025443 WO2024067939A1 (fr) 2022-09-26 2022-09-26 Récipient sous pression pour transport de gaz comprimés

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WO2024067939A1 true WO2024067939A1 (fr) 2024-04-04

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB476713A (en) * 1936-08-26 1937-12-14 Wlrner Daya Improvements in or relating to high-pressure vessels or containers
GB556801A (en) * 1941-02-15 1943-10-22 Specialities Dev Corp Improvements in and relating to containers for high pressure fluids
DE2525214A1 (de) * 1974-08-02 1976-02-12 Gamberucci Giuseppe Hochdruckbehaelter
CN2811735Y (zh) * 2005-06-27 2006-08-30 浙江大学 多功能全多层高压氢气储罐
WO2013083162A1 (fr) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-13 Blue Wave Co S.A. Cuves sous pression et appareil pour les supporter à bord de navires
EP2728240A1 (fr) * 2011-07-01 2014-05-07 Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd. Récipient de gaz sous haute pression et procédé de production pour un récipient de gaz sous haute pression
US9939108B2 (en) * 2007-10-16 2018-04-10 WireTough Cylinders, LLC Wire wrapped pressure vessels
US20190086029A1 (en) * 2016-03-01 2019-03-21 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Pressure container and hoop-wrap composite pressure container

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB476713A (en) * 1936-08-26 1937-12-14 Wlrner Daya Improvements in or relating to high-pressure vessels or containers
GB556801A (en) * 1941-02-15 1943-10-22 Specialities Dev Corp Improvements in and relating to containers for high pressure fluids
DE2525214A1 (de) * 1974-08-02 1976-02-12 Gamberucci Giuseppe Hochdruckbehaelter
CN2811735Y (zh) * 2005-06-27 2006-08-30 浙江大学 多功能全多层高压氢气储罐
US9939108B2 (en) * 2007-10-16 2018-04-10 WireTough Cylinders, LLC Wire wrapped pressure vessels
EP2728240A1 (fr) * 2011-07-01 2014-05-07 Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd. Récipient de gaz sous haute pression et procédé de production pour un récipient de gaz sous haute pression
WO2013083162A1 (fr) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-13 Blue Wave Co S.A. Cuves sous pression et appareil pour les supporter à bord de navires
US20190086029A1 (en) * 2016-03-01 2019-03-21 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Pressure container and hoop-wrap composite pressure container

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