WO2024067628A1 - 电池、电池模组和具有其的车辆 - Google Patents

电池、电池模组和具有其的车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024067628A1
WO2024067628A1 PCT/CN2023/121707 CN2023121707W WO2024067628A1 WO 2024067628 A1 WO2024067628 A1 WO 2024067628A1 CN 2023121707 W CN2023121707 W CN 2023121707W WO 2024067628 A1 WO2024067628 A1 WO 2024067628A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
end cover
contact portion
cooling plate
accommodating cavity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/121707
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
伊炳希
袁昌荣
张松
杨文�
郑杰
Original Assignee
深蓝汽车科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深蓝汽车科技有限公司 filed Critical 深蓝汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024067628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024067628A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/298—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the wiring of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery, a battery module and a vehicle having the same.
  • the main power batteries on the market now include soft-pack batteries, cylindrical batteries, and square batteries.
  • soft-pack batteries are connected to the pole ears through lead-out sheets for current conduction, and are packaged by heat sealing with aluminum-plastic film; the pole core of the cylindrical battery is built into the cylindrical shell, and the positive and negative pole ears are respectively connected to the poles on the top cover, and the cover plate and the cylindrical shell are sealed by welding.
  • the cover plate of the battery is in a conductive state with the shell, and an insulating connection is required between the cover plate and the pole column;
  • the pole core of the square battery is built into the square shell, and the positive and negative pole ears are respectively connected to the poles on the top cover, and the cover plate and the square cylindrical shell are sealed by welding.
  • the cover plate and the shell are in a conductive state, and an insulating connection is required between the cover plate and the pole column.
  • the battery cover and the pole need to be insulated, and the structure and processing technology are complex and costly.
  • space will be wasted and the battery energy density will be reduced.
  • the battery shell will deform unevenly and the deformation will be large.
  • the present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a battery which can simplify the structure and processing technology between the battery cover and the pole to extend the service life.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery module having the above-mentioned battery.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle having the above-mentioned battery module.
  • the battery according to the present invention comprises: a shell and an end cover, wherein a receiving cavity suitable for receiving a pole piece is formed in the shell, at least one end of the shell is open, the end cover is arranged on the shell and closes the open end of the shell, a first contact portion extending toward the receiving cavity is formed on one side of the end cover facing the receiving cavity, and the end cover faces away from the receiving cavity.
  • a second contact portion extending away from the accommodating cavity is formed on one side of the cavity; wherein the first contact portion is suitable for being electrically connected to the pole piece, the second contact portion is constructed as a pole of the battery, and the first contact portion, the second contact portion and the end cover are constructed as an integral part.
  • the first contact portion can be electrically connected to the pole piece to draw out current so that the end cover is directly charged, and the second contact portion can be constructed as a pole of the battery.
  • the first contact portion can be electrically connected to the pole piece to draw out current so that the end cover is directly charged
  • the second contact portion can be constructed as a pole of the battery.
  • the battery according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
  • an insulating member is provided between the end cover and the shell to disconnect the end cover from the shell.
  • the first contact portion extends in a radial direction of the end cover.
  • the first contact portions are multiple and are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the end cover.
  • the shell is configured as a hexagonal prism
  • the end surface of the end cover facing the accommodating cavity is configured as a hexagon
  • one end of each first contact portion extends from the center of the end cover to the edge or corner of the end cover.
  • a cross section of each of the first contact portions is configured as an oblong circle.
  • projections of the first contact portion and the second contact portion in the thickness direction of the end cover are staggered.
  • the second contact portion is configured in plurality, and at least one of the second contact portions is suitable for cooperating with and connecting to an electrical connector.
  • a first connecting hole is formed on the end cover and passes through the end cover in the thickness direction, and an opening and closing valve is formed in the first connecting hole.
  • the opening and closing valve is suitable for connecting the accommodating chamber to the outside when the pressure in the accommodating chamber is greater than a first preset pressure, and is suitable for closing the first connecting hole when the pressure in the accommodating chamber is not greater than the first preset pressure.
  • a second connecting hole is formed on the end cover and penetrates the end cover in the thickness direction, and an explosion-proof valve is formed in the second connecting hole.
  • the explosion-proof valve is suitable for connecting the accommodating chamber to the outside when the pressure in the accommodating chamber reaches a second preset pressure.
  • the insulating member includes: a first insulating member, which is arranged at the open end of the shell and is at least partially formed on the inner circumferential wall of the accommodating cavity; and a second insulating member, which is arranged between the first insulating member and the end cover, and at least partially formed on the outer circumferential wall of the shell.
  • a battery module comprises: a battery and a box body, wherein the battery structure is the battery described in any one of the above embodiments, a battery accommodating cavity is formed in the box body, and the battery is arranged in the battery accommodating cavity.
  • the battery module further includes: a water cooling plate, the water cooling plate is attached to the battery and a cooling channel suitable for circulating a cooling medium is formed in the water cooling plate.
  • the battery includes: a first battery, the first battery is constructed as a plurality of batteries and arranged in sequence in a first direction to form a first battery group, the first battery has first bonding surfaces facing each other in the first direction, two adjacent first batteries are bonded via the first bonding surfaces, and a second bonding surface is provided between the two first bonding surfaces of the first battery; a second battery, the second battery is constructed as a plurality of batteries and arranged in sequence in the first direction to form a second battery group, the second battery has third bonding surfaces facing each other in the first direction, two adjacent second batteries are bonded via the third bonding surfaces, a fourth bonding surface is provided between the two third bonding surfaces of the second battery, and the fourth bonding surface is bonded to the second bonding surface in the second direction.
  • the water cooling plate is arranged between the first battery group and the second battery group and extends in the first direction, and the water cooling plate is respectively bonded to the second bonding surface and the fourth bonding surface; or the water cooling plate is arranged at the end of the battery and the cooling channel in the water cooling plate extends in the first direction and is located between the second bonding surface and the fourth bonding surface.
  • a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a battery module as described in any one of the above embodiments.
  • FIG1 is a front view of a negative electrode cover plate assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a negative electrode cover assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of a negative electrode cover assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of a positive electrode cover plate assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of a positive electrode cover plate assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of a positive electrode cover plate assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG7 is a front view of a battery structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG8 is a side view of a battery structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery and a water cooling plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG10 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a battery and a water cooling plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG11 is a cross-sectional view of a battery and a water cooling plate according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG12 is a cross-sectional view of a battery and a water cooling plate according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a battery module entering a box according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a battery and a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention are described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13 .
  • the battery according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 1, and a receiving cavity is formed in the housing 1, and the receiving cavity can be suitable for receiving the pole piece of the battery.
  • the housing 1 can be constructed with one end open and the other end closed. It can be understood that the open end of the housing 1 can be constructed at any end of the housing 1, and the positive and negative poles of the corresponding battery are arranged at any same end of the housing 1; the housing 1 can also be constructed with both ends open, and the positive and negative poles of the corresponding battery are arranged at different ends of the housing 1.
  • the battery according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes an end cap 2, which can be arranged on the shell 1 and close the open end of the shell 1, that is, when the shell 1 is constructed with one end open and the other end closed, the corresponding number of end caps 2 is one. When the shell 1 is constructed with both ends open, the corresponding number of end caps 2 is two.
  • the end cap 2 in the present application is formed with a first contact portion 3 extending toward the accommodating cavity on the side facing the accommodating cavity.
  • the first contact portion 3 can be suitable for electrically connecting to the pole piece in the accommodating cavity of the shell 1;
  • the end cap 2 is formed with a second contact portion 4 extending away from the accommodating cavity on the side facing away from the accommodating cavity, and the second contact portion 4 can be constructed as a pole of the battery.
  • the first contact portion 3, the second contact portion 4 and the end cap 2 in the present application are constructed as an integral part.
  • the first contact portion 3, the second contact portion 4 and the end cover 2 are constructed as an integral part, the first contact portion 3 can be electrically connected to the pole piece to draw out current, so that the end cover 2 is directly charged, and the second contact portion 4 can be constructed as a pole of the battery.
  • the related art there is no need to design an insulating connection between the cover plate and the pole of the battery, thereby simplifying the cover plate structure and the manufacturing process and reducing the economic cost.
  • an insulating member may be provided between the end cap 2 and the shell 1 in the present application, and the end cap 2 may be disconnected from the shell 1 by the insulating member. Further, after the first contact portion 3 is connected to the positive electrode tab 11 or the negative electrode tab 12 of the battery, the current is led to the end cap 2. Since the insulating member is provided between the end cap 2 and the shell 1, the current in the end cap 2 will not be conducted to the shell 1, so that the shell 1 is separated from the current, thereby avoiding damage to the battery. and cause a short circuit in the battery.
  • the first contact portion 3 can be configured to extend in the radial direction of the end cap 2.
  • the contact area between the first contact portion 3 and the battery assembly in the housing 1 accommodating cavity is increased, thereby making the conduction fluidity of the current better.
  • configuring the first contact portion 3 to extend in the radial direction of the end cap 2 can also make the temperature distribution of the end cap 2 more uniform, thereby extending the life of the battery.
  • the first contact portion 3 can be constructed as a plurality of first contact portions 3.
  • the contact area between the first contact portion 3 and the pole ear can be made larger, the connection is more reliable, and the resistance between the first contact portion 3 and the pole ear is reduced.
  • constructing the first contact portion 3 as a plurality of first contact portions can also keep the force on the integral part composed of the first contact portion 3, the second contact portion 4 and the end cover 2 uniform, so that the end cover 2 as an integral part has good mechanical properties.
  • the first contact portions 3 of the present application can be configured to be spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the end cap 2, and the temperature and current can be evenly distributed by the spaced apart arrangement.
  • the number of first contact portions 3 on one end cap 2 can be configured to be 4, and the projections of the 4 first contact portions 3 in the thickness direction of the end cap 2 are symmetrical figures, and the angle between two adjacent first contact portions 3 is 60° or 120°.
  • the shell 1 of the present application can be constructed as a hexagonal prism.
  • the battery When the battery is used to produce gas, it can be uniformly deformed along six faces, thereby avoiding severe deformation in a single direction and a single large face. At the same time, the six edges can also restrain the deformation on the face and reduce the deformation of the battery after use.
  • the end cover 2 of the present application is correspondingly matched with the shell 1, and the end face of the end cover 2 facing the accommodating cavity can be constructed as a hexagon.
  • the hexagonal batteries When the hexagonal batteries are arranged, they can form a close fit between the batteries, avoid wasting the stacking space of the batteries, improve the space utilization rate during stacking, and increase the energy density of the batteries.
  • the pole core 7 of the battery matches the hexagonal prism shell 1, and the pole core 7 can be designed to be wound in a hexagonal shape, which can effectively fit the contour of the shell 1 to avoid wasting space.
  • the pole core 7 of the square battery needs to be flattened after winding, which will cause wrinkles at the corners and affect the interface state.
  • a hexagonal structure is adopted, and the corners are gentle, which can ensure a uniform interface.
  • each first contact portion 3 can be designed that one end of each first contact portion 3 extends from the center of the end cover 2 to the edge of the end cover 2; in the present application, it can also be designed that one end of each first contact portion 3 extends from the center of the end cover 2 to the corner of the end cover 2.
  • the first contact portion 3 can guide the force or temperature to the edge or corner of the end cover 2, avoiding excessive local force or excessive temperature, and avoiding damage to the first contact portion 3 and the end cover 2.
  • each first contact portion 3 of the present application can be configured as an oblong, that is, the projection of the first contact portion 3 in the thickness direction of the end cover 2 is an oblong.
  • the edges and corners of the first contact portion 3 can be smooth arcs, which are not easy to puncture the pole piece, avoid battery short circuit caused by the first contact portion 3, and increase the safety of the battery.
  • the projection of the first contact portion 3 in the thickness direction of the end cover 2 and the projection of the second contact portion 4 in the thickness direction of the end cover 2 are staggered. It can be understood that in the present application, the first contact portion 3 and the second contact portion 4 are arranged on different sides in the thickness direction of the end cover 2, and the first contact portion 3 and the second contact portion 4 are staggered on the end cover 2, which can avoid excessive local pressure at the first contact portion 3 or the second contact portion 4 on the end cover 2, so that the integral part composed of the first contact portion 3, the second contact portion 4 and the end cover 2 is reasonably stressed.
  • the second contact portion 4 of the present application can be constructed in multiple forms, wherein at least one second contact portion 4 can be suitable for cooperating with and connecting to an electrical connector.
  • the electrical connector may include a connecting piece and a flexible circuit board.
  • the second contact portion 4 When at least one second contact portion 4 is connected to the connecting piece and the flexible circuit board, the other second contact portions 4 that are not connected to the electrical connector can be used to connect to the electrical connector when the battery cell is subsequently replaced.
  • the integrated part constructed by the first contact portion 3, the second contact portion 4 and the end cap 2 can be recycled for multiple times, which increases the service life and reduces the economic cost.
  • a first connecting hole is formed on the end cover 2, and the first connecting hole penetrates the end cover 2 in the thickness direction, and an opening and closing valve 8 is formed in the first connecting hole.
  • the first connecting hole can be arranged in the middle of the end cover 2, that is, the opening and closing valve 8 can be arranged in the middle of the end cover 2, and the opening and closing valve 8 avoids the first contact part 3 arranged on the end cover 2.
  • the opening and closing valve 8 in the present application can be used to connect the accommodating cavity with the outside when the pressure in the accommodating cavity is greater than the first preset pressure, that is, when the internal air pressure of the battery exceeds the first preset pressure, the opening and closing valve 8 will be actively opened to release the internal air pressure of the battery, reduce the pressure of the battery, and improve the safety of the battery; the opening and closing valve 8 in the present application can also be used to close the first connecting hole when the pressure in the accommodating cavity is not greater than the first preset pressure.
  • the opening and closing valve 8 will automatically close, close the first connecting hole on the end cover 2, and do not allow the gas in the air to enter the battery, so as not to accelerate the self-discharge of the battery and increase the service life of the battery.
  • a second connecting hole is formed on the end cover 2, and the second connecting hole penetrates the end cover 2 in the thickness direction, and an explosion-proof valve 9 is formed in the second connecting hole.
  • the second connecting hole can be arranged in the middle of the end cover 2 adjacent to the first connecting hole, that is, the explosion-proof valve 9 can be arranged in the middle of the end cover 2 adjacent to the opening and closing valve 8, and the explosion-proof valve 9 avoids the first contact portion 3 and the first connecting hole arranged on the end cover 2.
  • the explosion-proof valve 9 in the present application can be used to connect the accommodating cavity to the outside when the pressure in the accommodating cavity reaches the second preset pressure.
  • the explosion-proof valve 9 can be opened to quickly release the pressure to prevent explosion and cause battery safety accidents.
  • the middle part of the end cover 2 in the present application can also be provided with a liquid injection hole 10 for injecting electrolyte into the battery cell during the manufacturing process.
  • the insulating member of the present application includes a first insulating member 5 and a second insulating member 6.
  • the first insulating member 5 can be disposed at the open end of the housing 1, and at least a portion of the first insulating member 5 is formed on the inner peripheral wall of the accommodating cavity. It can be understood that the first insulating member 5 can prevent the contact between the tab in the accommodating cavity and the battery housing 1.
  • the first insulating member 5 may be a plastic member; the second insulating member 6 is disposed between the first insulating member 5 and the end cover 2, and at least a portion of the second insulating member 6 is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the housing 1.
  • the second insulating member 6 is insulated and connected to the open end of the housing 1, and the closed accommodating cavity forms a sealed cavity.
  • the second insulating member 6 may be an aluminum-plastic film, and further, during assembly, the open end of the housing 1 supports the plastic member, and the aluminum-plastic film is insulated and connected to the open end of the housing 1 to form a sealed cavity.
  • the battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery and a case 13.
  • the battery of the present application can be constructed as the battery described in any one of the above embodiments; a battery accommodating cavity 131 is formed in the case 13 of the present application, and the battery can be arranged in the battery accommodating cavity 131.
  • the battery accommodating cavity 131 can maintain the working safety of the battery and play a protective role.
  • the case 13 can play the role of anti-collision, waterproof, fireproof, dustproof, etc., and better maintain the performance stability of the entire vehicle battery.
  • the case 13 can protect the battery from collision and make the battery insulated and waterproof.
  • the battery module also includes a water cooling plate 14, which can be used to dissipate heat from the battery.
  • the water cooling plate 14 of the present application can be designed to fit the battery, and a cooling channel 141 is formed in the water cooling plate 14, and the cooling channel 141 can be suitable for the circulation of a cooling medium. It can be understood that the cooling medium flows in the cooling channel 141 to take away the heat generated in the battery system and dissipate the heat to the external environment, thereby achieving heat dissipation cooling of the module.
  • the cooling channel 141 in the present application can be designed as a free-standing structure as needed.
  • the battery in the present application includes a first battery 15.
  • the first battery 15 can be constructed in plurality, and a plurality of first batteries 15 arranged in sequence in the first direction can form a first battery 15 group.
  • the first battery 15 has first fitting surfaces 151 facing each other in the first direction, and two adjacent first batteries 15 can be tightly fitted through the first fitting surfaces 151.
  • a second fitting surface 152 is provided between the two first fitting surfaces 151 of the first battery 15.
  • each hexagonal first battery 15 has two first fitting surfaces 151 and four second fitting surfaces 152.
  • the battery in the present application also includes a second battery 16.
  • the second battery 16 can be constructed in plurality, and the plurality of second batteries 16 are arranged in sequence in the first direction to form a second battery 16 group. It is understandable that the second battery 16 group is parallel to the first battery 15 group.
  • the second battery 16 has third fitting surfaces 161 that are directly opposite to each other in the first direction, and two adjacent second batteries 16 can be tightly fitted through the third fitting surfaces 161.
  • a fourth fitting surface 162 is provided between the two third fitting surfaces 161 of the second battery 16, and the fourth fitting surface 162 and the second fitting surface 152 can be fitted in the second direction.
  • each hexagonal second battery 16 has two third fitting surfaces 161 and four fourth fitting surfaces 162.
  • the batteries in the first direction, can be closely attached to each other through the first attachment surface 151 or the third attachment surface 161, and in the second direction, the batteries can be closely attached to each other through the second attachment surface 152 and the fourth attachment surface 162.
  • the batteries are fitted together so that they can be arranged in a fitted manner, which effectively improves the space utilization and increases the energy density of the overall battery.
  • the present application can set the water-cooling plate 14 between the first battery group 15 and the second battery group 16 and extend in the first direction.
  • the cross-section of the water-cooling plate 14 in the first direction is a "Z"-shaped cross-section, one side of the water-cooling plate 14 in the thickness direction can be bonded with the second bonding surface 152, and the other side of the water-cooling plate 14 in the thickness direction can be bonded with the fourth bonding surface 162; the present application can also set the water-cooling plate 14 at the end of the battery, and the cooling channel 141 in the water-cooling plate 14 can be configured to extend in the first direction and be located between the second bonding surface 152 and the fourth bonding surface 162.
  • the cooling channel 141 is configured in a "Z" shape, one side of the cooling channel 141 in the thickness direction can be bonded with the second bonding surface 152, and the other side of the cooling channel 141 in the thickness direction can be bonded with the fourth bonding surface 162.
  • a branch water-cooling plate 142 is formed on the water-cooling plate 14.
  • the branch water-cooling plate 142 can be suitable for extending only toward the first battery group; in the present invention, the branch water-cooling plate 142 can also be suitable for extending only toward the second battery group; in the present invention, the branch water-cooling plate 142 can also be suitable for extending both toward the first battery group and toward the second battery group.
  • the branch water-cooling plate 142 is disposed between two adjacent first batteries 15 and/or between two adjacent second batteries 16.
  • the branch water-cooling plate 142 can dissipate heat on the surface between two adjacent first batteries 15 in the first battery group, and can also dissipate heat on the surface between two adjacent second batteries 16 in the second battery group.
  • the branch water-cooling plate 142 By providing the branch water-cooling plate 142, the heat dissipation effect of the water-cooling plate 14 on the single battery is further improved, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the water-cooling plate 14 may also be constructed to include a first water-cooling plate 143, a second water-cooling plate 144, and a third water-cooling plate 145.
  • the first water-cooling plate 143 of the present invention is disposed at the periphery of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, a section of the first water-cooling plate 143 is bonded to the second bonding surface 152 of the first battery 15 in the first direction, and another section of the first water-cooling plate 143 is bonded to the first bonding surface 151 of the first battery 15 and the third bonding surface 161 and the fourth bonding surface 162 of the second battery 16 in the second direction.
  • the second water-cooling plate 144 of the present invention is arranged between the first battery group and the second battery group, the first section of the second water-cooling plate 144 is bonded to the second bonding surface 152 of the first battery 15 and the fourth bonding surface 162 of the second battery 16 in a first direction, the second section of the second water-cooling plate 144 is bonded to the third bonding surface 161 of the second battery 16 in a second direction, the third section of the second water-cooling plate 144 is parallel to the first section of the second water-cooling plate 144, similarly, the third section of the second water-cooling plate 144 is bonded to the second bonding surface 152 of the first battery 15 and the fourth bonding surface 162 of the second battery 16 in the first direction, wherein the first battery 15 bonded to the third section of the second water-cooling plate 144 and the first battery 15 bonded to the first section of the second water-cooling plate 144 belong to adjacent first battery groups respectively.
  • the third water cooling plate 145 of the present invention is arranged at the periphery of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.
  • the projections of the third water cooling plate 145 and the first water cooling plate 143 in the battery height direction are centrally symmetrical figures, that is, one side of the third water cooling plate 145 is
  • the first water-cooling plate 143 is bonded to the second bonding surface 152 of the first battery 15 in the first direction
  • the other section of the third water-cooling plate 145 is bonded to the first bonding surface 151 of the first battery 15 in the second direction
  • the third bonding surface 161 and the fourth bonding surface 162 of the second battery 16 16.
  • the other end of the first water-cooling plate 14 and the other end of the third water-cooling plate 14 are respectively bonded to the two ends of the same second battery group in the first direction.
  • the present application also relates to a fixing assembly for fixing batteries.
  • the fixing assembly includes an upper fixing plate and a lower fixing plate. Both the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate can be provided with grooves matching the shape of the battery. Multiple single cells can be placed upright on the grooves of the lower fixing plate. The grooves of the upper fixing plate can be buckled on top of the battery.
  • the upper and lower fixing plates can be connected using bolts to fix the battery to form a module.
  • components such as the end plates and side plates of the traditional module can be omitted, reducing the weight of the module and improving the space utilization.
  • the batteries do not need to be connected and fixed by tape, thereby improving the energy density of the module and increasing the vehicle's endurance.
  • the vehicle according to the present invention is provided with a battery or a battery module as described in any one of the above embodiments. Since the vehicle according to the present invention is provided with a battery or a battery module as described in any one of the above embodiments, the structure and processing technology between the cover plate and the pole of the battery in the vehicle are simple, the economic cost is reduced, the space utilization rate of the battery is large when stacked, the battery energy density is high, and at the same time, the deformation of the battery shell 1 is small and uniform, and the user experience is good.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of “plurality” is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • installed can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection
  • it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium.
  • a first feature being “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • a first feature being “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池、电池模组和具有其的车辆，电池包括：壳体(1)和端盖(2)，所述壳体(1)内形成有适于容纳极片的容纳腔，所述壳体(1)的至少一端敞开，所述端盖(2)设置于所述壳体(1)上并封闭所述壳体(1)的敞开端，所述端盖(2)朝向所述容纳腔的一侧形成有朝向所述容纳腔延伸的第一接触部(3)，所述端盖(2)朝向背离所述容纳腔的一侧形成有朝向背离所述容纳腔延伸的第二接触部(4)；所述第一接触部(3)、所述第二接触部(4)与所述端盖(2)构造为一体件。

Description

电池、电池模组和具有其的车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年9月30日提交的申请号为202211218106.X、于2022年12月8日提交的申请号为202211572112.5、名称为“电池、电池模组及具有其的车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电池领域，尤其是涉及一种电池、电池模组及具有其的车辆。
背景技术
随着新能源行业的快速发展，对锂电池的需求日益增加，对电池的结构、安全以及空间利用率等提出了更高的要求。现在市场中主要的动力电池有软包电池、圆柱电池和方形电池三类。其中软包电池通过引出片与极耳连接以作电流传导，并采用铝塑膜热封的方式进行封装；圆柱电池的极芯内置于圆柱形外壳，正负极耳分别与顶盖上的极柱连接，盖板与圆柱形外壳通过焊接进行密封。电池的盖板与壳体处于导通状态，盖板与极柱之间需要做绝缘连接；方形电池的极芯内置于方形壳体，正负极耳分别与顶盖上的极柱连接，盖板与方柱形外壳通过焊接进行密封。盖板与壳体处于导通状态，盖板与极柱之间需要做绝缘连接。
相关技术中，电池的盖板与极柱之间需要绝缘连接，结构及加工工艺复杂，成本高昂。圆柱形电池在堆叠时，会造成空间浪费，降低电池能量密度。此外，当电池内部产气鼓胀时，会造成电池壳体变形不均匀，变形量大。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种可简化电池的盖板与极柱之间的结构及加工工艺延长使用寿命的电池。
本发明的另一目的在于提出一种具有上述电池的电池模组。
本发明的再一目的在于提出一种具有上述电池模组的车辆。
根据本发明的电池包括：壳体和端盖，所述壳体内形成有适于容纳极片的容纳腔，所述壳体的至少一端敞开，所述端盖设置于所述壳体上并封闭所述壳体的敞开端，所述端盖朝向所述容纳腔的一侧形成有朝向所述容纳腔延伸的第一接触部，所述端盖朝向背离所述容 纳腔的一侧形成有朝向背离所述容纳腔延伸的第二接触部；其中所述第一接触部适于与所述极片电连接，所述第二接触部构造为所述电池的极柱，所述第一接触部、所述第二接触部与所述端盖构造为一体件。
根据本发明实施例的电池，通过将第一接触部、第二接触部与端盖构造为一体件，第一接触部可以与极片电连接，引出电流，使得端盖直接带电，第二接触部可以构造为电池的极柱，相较于相关技术，不需要再对电池的盖板与极柱之间设计绝缘连接，从而简化了盖板结构及制造工艺，降低了经济成本。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的电池还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
根据本发明的一个示例，所述端盖与所述壳体之间设置有绝缘件以将所述端盖与所述壳体断开。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述第一接触部沿所述端盖的径向延伸。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述第一接触部构造为多个且在所述端盖的周向上间隔布置。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述壳体构造为六棱柱，所述端盖朝向所述容纳腔的端面构造为六边形，每个所述第一接触部的一端由所述端盖的中心向所述端盖的边或角延伸。
根据本发明的一个示例，每个所述第一接触部的横截面构造为长圆形。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述第一接触部与所述第二接触部在所述端盖厚度方向上的投影交错设置。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述第二接触部构造为多个，至少一个所述第二接触部适于与电连接件配合并连接。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述端盖上形成有将端盖在厚度方向上贯通的第一连通孔，所述第一连通孔内形成有开闭阀，所述开闭阀适于在所述容纳腔内的压力大于第一预设压力时将所述容纳腔与外部导通，且适于在所述容纳腔内的压力不大于所述第一预设压力时封闭所述第一连通孔。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述端盖上形成有将端盖在厚度方向上贯通的第二连通孔，所述第二连通孔内形成有防爆阀，所述防爆阀适于在所述容纳腔内的压力达到第二预设压力时将所述容纳腔与外部导通。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述绝缘件包括：第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件设置于所述壳体的敞开端且至少部分形成于所述容纳腔的内周壁；第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件设置于所述第一绝缘件与所述端盖之间，所述第二绝缘件的至少部分形成于所述壳体的外周壁。
根据本发明实施例的电池模组，包括：电池和箱体，所述电池构造为上述实施例中任意一项所述的电池，所述箱体内形成有电池容纳腔，所述电池布置于所述电池容纳腔内。
根据本发明上述实施例的电池模组还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
根据本发明的一个示例，电池模组还包括：水冷板，所述水冷板与所述电池贴合且所述水冷板内形成有适于流通冷却介质的冷却流道。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述电池包括：第一电池，所述第一电池构造为多个并在第一方向上依次排列以形成第一电池组，所述第一电池具有在第一方向上彼此正对的第一贴合面，相邻的两个所述第一电池之间通过所述第一贴合面贴合，所述第一电池的两个所述第一贴合面之间设置有第二贴合面；第二电池，所述第二电池构造为多个并在第一方向上依次排列以形成第二电池组，所述第二电池具有在第一方向上彼此正对的第三贴合面，相邻的两个所述第二电池之间通过所述第三贴合面贴合，所述第二电池的两个所述第三贴合面之间设置有第四贴合面，所述第四贴合面与所述第二贴合面在第二方向上贴合。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述水冷板设置于所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组之间并在第一方向上延伸，所述水冷板分别与所述第二贴合面和所述第四贴合面贴合；或所述水冷板设置于所述电池的端部且所述水冷板内的冷却流道在第一方向上延伸并位于所述第二贴合面与所述第四贴合面间。
根据本发明实施例的车辆，包括：上述实施例中任意一项所述的电池模组。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明实施例的负极盖板组件正视图；
图2是根据本发明实施例的负极盖板组件侧视图；
图3是根据本发明实施例的负极盖板组件俯视图；
图4是根据本发明实施例的正极盖板组件正视图；
图5是根据本发明实施例的正极盖板组件侧视图；
图6是根据本发明实施例的正极盖板组件俯视图；
图7是根据本发明实施例的电池结构正视图；
图8是根据本发明实施例的电池结构侧视图；
图9是根据本发明实施例的电池与水冷板的结构示意图；
图10是根据本发明一个实施例的电池与水冷板的结构剖视图；
图11是根据本发明另一个实施例的电池与水冷板的结构剖视图；
图12是根据本发明还有一个实施例的电池与水冷板的结构剖视图；
图13是根据本发明实施例的电池模组入箱示意图。
附图标记：
壳体1，端盖2，第一接触部3，第二接触部4，第一绝缘件5，第二绝缘件6，极芯7，
开闭阀8，防爆阀9，注液孔10，正极极耳11，负极极耳12，箱体13，水冷板14，第一电池15，第二电池16，
电池容纳腔131，冷却流道141，分支水冷板142，第一水冷板143，第二水冷板144，
第三水冷板145，第一贴合面151，第二贴合面152，第三贴合面161，第四贴合面162。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面参考图1-图13描述根据本发明实施例的一种电池和电池模组。
如图7与图8所示，根据本发明实施例的电池包括壳体1，壳体1内形成有容纳腔，容纳腔可适用于容纳电池的极片。壳体1可以构造为一端敞开，另一端封闭，可以理解的是，壳体1的敞开端可以构造为在壳体1的任意一端，对应电池的正负极设置在壳体1的任意同一端；壳体1也可以构造为两端均敞开，对应电池的正负极各设置在壳体1不同的两端。
根据本发明实施例的电池还包括端盖2，端盖2可以设置于壳体1上并封闭壳体1的敞开端，即有当壳体1构造为一端敞开，一端封闭时，对应的端盖2数量为一个。当壳体1构造为两端敞开时，对应的端盖2数量为两个。本申请中的端盖2朝向容纳腔的一侧，形成有朝向容纳腔延伸的第一接触部3。第一接触部3可以适用于与壳体1的容纳腔内的极片电连接；端盖2朝向背离容纳腔的一侧，形成有朝向背离容纳腔延伸的第二接触部4，第二接触部4可以构造为电池的极柱。此外，本申请中的第一接触部3、第二接触部4与端盖2构造为一体件。
本申请中通过将第一接触部3、第二接触部4与端盖2构造为一体件，第一接触部3可以与极片电连接，引出电流，使得端盖2直接带电，第二接触部4可以构造为电池的极柱，相较于相关技术，不需要再对电池的盖板与极柱之间设计绝缘连接，从而简化了盖板结构及制造工艺，降低了经济成本。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本申请中的端盖2与壳体1之间可以设置有绝缘件，通过绝缘件可以将端盖2与壳体1断开。进一步地，第一接触部3与电池的正极极耳11或负极极耳12连接后，将电流引出至端盖2，由于绝缘件设置于端盖2与壳体1之间，因此端盖2中的电流不会传导至壳体1，使得壳体1与电流分隔开，从而避免损害电池 和造成电池短路。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一接触部3可以构造为沿端盖2的径向延伸。一方面，本申请中通过将第一接触部3构造为可以沿端盖2的径向延伸，增大了第一接触部3与壳体1容纳腔内的电池组件的接触面积，从而使得电流的导通流动性更好。另一方面，将第一接触部3构造为沿端盖2的径向延伸，还可以使得端盖2的温度分布更加均匀，使得电池的寿命更长。
如图1-图6所示，根据本发明的一个实施例，第一接触部3可以构造为多个，通过设计一个端盖2上设置有多个第一接触部3，可以使得第一接触部3与极耳间的接触面积更大，连接更加可靠，降低第一接触部3与极耳之间的电阻；同时，将第一接触部3构造为多个还可以保持第一接触部3、第二接触部4及端盖2构成的一体件受力均匀，使得端盖2作为一体件具有良好的力学性能。
本申请的第一接触部3可以构造为在端盖2的周向上间隔布置，通过间隔布置可以实现温度与电流分布均匀。在本发明的具体实施例中，一个端盖2上的第一接触部3的数量可以构造为4个，4个第一接触部3在端盖2厚度方向上的投影为对称图形，相邻的两个第一接触部3间的夹角为60°或120°。
如图7与图8所示，根据本发明的一个实施例，本申请的壳体1可以构造为六棱柱，当电池使用产气后，可沿六个面进行均匀变形，从而避免单一方向和单一大面剧烈变形，同时，六条棱边还可以牵制面上的变形，降低电池使用后的变形量。本申请的端盖2对应地与壳体1配合，端盖2朝向容纳腔的端面可以构造为六边形。六棱柱的电池在排列时可以形成电池与电池间紧密贴合，避免电池的堆叠空间浪费，提升堆叠时的空间利用率，增大电池的能量密度。此外，需要说明的是，在本申请的具体实施例中，电池具有的极芯7与六棱柱壳体1匹配，极芯7可以设计为呈六边形卷绕，与壳体1轮廓能够有效贴合，避免空间浪费。较相关技术中的方形电池的极芯7卷绕后需压扁，会导致转角处褶皱，影响界面状态，而本申请中采用六边形结构，转角平缓，可确保界面均一。
本申请中可以设计为每个第一接触部3的一端由端盖2的中心向端盖2的边延伸；本申请中还可以设计为每个第一接触部3的一端由端盖2的中心向端盖2的角延伸。第一接触部3可以将受力或温度导向端盖2的边或角，避免局部受力过大或者温度过高，避免对第一接触部3和端盖2造成损害。
如图1-图6所示，根据本发明的一个实施例，本申请的每个第一接触部3的横截面可以构造为长圆形，即第一接触部3在端盖2厚度方向上的投影为长圆形。通过将第一接触部3构造为长圆形，可以使得第一接触部3的棱角为光滑圆弧，不容易刺破极片，避免因第一接触部3而造成电池短路，增加了电池的安全性。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一接触部3在端盖2厚度方向上的投影与第二接触部4在端盖2厚度方向上的投影，为交错设置。可以理解的是，本申请中第一接触部3与第二接触部4设置于端盖2厚度方向的不同侧，将第一接触部3与第二接触部4在端盖2上形成交错设置，能够避免端盖2上设置第一接触部3处或第二接触部4处的局部压力过大，使得由第一接触部3、第二接触部4及端盖2构成的一体件受力合理。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本申请的第二接触部4可以构造为多个，其中至少一个第二接触部4可以适于与电连接件配合并连接。在本申请的一个实施例中，电连接件可以包括连接片和柔性电路板，当至少一个第二接触部4与连接片和柔性电路板连接时，其他未与电连接件的第二接触部4可作为后续更换电芯时与电连接件连接。通过将第二接触部4构造为多个，可以使得由第一接触部3、第二接触部4及端盖2构造的一体件可被循环多次使用，增加了使用寿命，且降低了经济成本。
如图3所示，根据本发明的一个实施例，端盖2上形成有第一连通孔，第一连通孔将端盖2在厚度方向上贯通，第一连通孔内形成有开闭阀8。在本申请的具体实施例中，第一连通孔可以设置在端盖2的中部，即开闭阀8可以设置在端盖2的中部，开闭阀8与设置于端盖2上的第一接触部3避让开来。本申请中的开闭阀8可以适用于在容纳腔内的压力大于第一预设压力时，将容纳腔与外部导通，即当电池内部气压超过第一预设压力时后，开闭阀8会主动开启，释放电池内部气压，对电池进行减压，提升电池安全性；本申请中的开闭阀8还可以适用于在容纳腔内的压力不大于第一预设压力时，封闭第一连通孔。可以理解的是，当电池减压到第一预设压力后，开闭阀8会自动关闭，封闭端盖2上的第一连通孔，不允许空气中的气体进入电池内，以免加速电池的自放电，增加电池的使用寿命。
如图2-图6所示，根据本发明的一个实施例，端盖2上形成有第二连通孔，第二连通孔将端盖2在厚度方向上贯通，第二连通孔内形成有防爆阀9。在本申请的具体实施例中，第二连通孔可以设置在端盖2的中部与第一连通孔相邻，即防爆阀9可以设置在端盖2的中部与开闭阀8相邻，防爆阀9与设置于端盖2上的第一接触部3和第一连通孔避让开来。本申请中的防爆阀9可以适用于在容纳腔内的压力达到第二预设压力时，将容纳腔与外部导通。可以理解为，当电池内部气压急剧攀升时，即可冲开防爆阀9，进行快速泄压，防止产生爆炸，造成电池安全事故。此外，需要说明的是，本申请中的端盖2的中部还可以设置有注液孔10，以用于制造过程中向电芯内部注入电解液。
根据本发明的一个实施例，本申请的绝缘件包括第一绝缘件5和第二绝缘件6。第一绝缘件5可以设置于壳体1的敞开端，第一绝缘件5的至少部分形成于容纳腔的内周壁。可以理解的是，第一绝缘件5可以避免容纳腔内的极耳与电池壳体1间接触。在本 发明的一个具体实施例中，第一绝缘件5可以是塑料件；第二绝缘件6设置于第一绝缘件5与端盖2之间，第二绝缘件6的至少部分形成于壳体1的外周壁。可以理解的是，第二绝缘件6与壳体1敞开端绝缘连接，且封闭容纳腔形成密封腔体。在本发明的一个具体实施例中，第二绝缘件6可以是铝塑膜，进一步地，装配时，壳体1敞开端顶住塑料件，铝塑膜与壳体1敞开端绝缘连接，形成密封腔体。
如图13所示，根据本发明实施例的电池模组包括电池和箱体13。本申请的电池可以构造为上述实施例中任意一项所述的电池；本申请的箱体13内形成有电池容纳腔131，电池可以布置于电池容纳腔131内。电池容纳腔131能维护电池的工作安全和起着防护作用。在车辆的行驶过程中，箱体13能够起到防撞、防水、防火、防灰尘等作用，更好地维护整个汽车电池的性能稳定性。箱体13可以保护电池免受碰撞碰，且使得电池绝缘与防水。
如图9与图10所示，根据本发明的一个实施例，电池模组还包括水冷板14，水冷板14可以用于对电池进行散热。本申请的水冷板14可以设计为与电池贴合，水冷板14内形成有冷却流道141，冷却流道141可以适用于冷却介质的流通。可以理解的是，冷却介质在冷却流道141内流动以带走电池系统内产生的热量，将热量散至外界环境中，从而实现了模组的散热冷却。此外，本申请中的冷却流道141可以根据需要设计为随型结构。
如图10所示，根据本发明的一个实施例，本申请中的电池包括第一电池15。第一电池15可以构造为多个，多个第一电池15在第一方向上依次排列可以形成第一电池15组。第一电池15具有在第一方向上彼此正对的第一贴合面151，相邻的两个第一电池15之间可以通过第一贴合面151实现紧密贴合。此外，第一电池15的两个第一贴合面151之间设置有第二贴合面152。在本申请的具体实施例中，每一个六棱柱形的第一电池15具有两个第一贴合面151，四个第二贴合面152。
本申请中的电池还包括第二电池16。第二电池16可以构造为多个，多个第二电池16在第一方向上依次排列以形成第二电池16组。可以理解的是，第二电池16组与第一电池15组平行。同样地，第二电池16具有在第一方向上彼此正对的第三贴合面161，相邻的两个第二电池16之间可以通过第三贴合面161实现紧密贴合。此外，第二电池16的两个第三贴合面161之间设置有第四贴合面162，第四贴合面162与第二贴合面152可以在第二方向上贴合。在本申请的具体实施例中，每一个六棱柱形的第二电池16具有两个第三贴合面161，四个第四贴合面162。
进一步地，本申请中在第一方向上，电池间可以通过第一贴合面151或第三贴合面161实现紧密贴合，在第二方向上，电池间可以通过第二贴合面152和第四贴合面162 实现贴合，从而所有电池间可以形成贴合的排列设置，有效地提高了空间利用率，增加了整体电池的能量密度。
如图9-图13所示，根据本发明的一个实施例，本申请可以将水冷板14设置于第一电池15组与第二电池16组之间并在第一方向上延伸。在本发明的一个具体实施例中，水冷板14在第一方向上的截面构造为“Z”字形截面，水冷板14厚度方向的一侧可以与第二贴合面152贴合，水冷板14厚度方向的另一侧可以与第四贴合面162贴合；本申请还可以将水冷板14设置于电池的端部，水冷板14内的冷却流道141可以构造为在第一方向上延伸并位于第二贴合面152与第四贴合面162之间。在本发明的一个具体实施例中，冷却流道141构造为“Z”字形，冷却流道141厚度方向的一侧可以与第二贴合面152贴合，冷却流道141厚度方向的另一侧可以与第四贴合面162贴合。
如图11所示，根据本发明的另一个实施例，水冷板14上形成有分支水冷板142，本发明中分支水冷板142可以适于仅朝向第一电池组延伸；本发明中分支水冷板142也可以适于仅朝向第二电池组延伸；本发明中分支水冷板142还可以适于既朝向第一电池组延伸，又朝向第二电池组延伸。其中分支水冷板142设置于相邻的两个第一电池15之间和/或相邻的两个第二电池16之间，分支水冷板142可以对第一电池组中相邻的两个第一电池15之间的表面进行散热，也可以对第二电池组中相邻的两个第二电池16之间的表面进行散热。通过设置分支水冷板142进一步提高了水冷板14对单体电池的散热效果，提升了散热效率。
如图12所示，根据本发明的还有一个实施例，水冷板14还可以构造为包括第一水冷板143、第二水冷板144和第三水冷板145。本发明的第一水冷板143设置于第一电池组和第二电池组的外周，第一水冷板143的一段在第一方向上与第一电池15的第二贴合面152贴合，第一水冷板143的另一段在第二方向上与第一电池15的第一贴合面151同时第二电池16的第三贴合面161和第四贴合面162贴合。
本发明的第二水冷板144设置于第一电池组与第二电池组之间，第二水冷板144的第一段在第一方向与第一电池15的第二贴合面152和第二电池16的第四贴合面162贴合，第二水冷板144的第二段在第二方向与第二电池16的第三贴合面161贴合，第二水冷板144的第三段与第二水冷板144的第一段平行，同样地，第二水冷板144的第三段在第一方向与第一电池15的第二贴合面152和第二电池16的第四贴合面162贴合，其中，第二水冷板144的第三段所贴合的第一电池15与第二水冷板144的第一段所贴合的第一电池15分别属于相邻的第一电池组。
本发明的第三水冷板145设置于第一电池组和第二电池组的外周，第三水冷板145与第一水冷板143在电池高度方向上的投影为中心对称图形，即有第三水冷板145的一 段在第一方向上与第一电池15的第二贴合面152贴合，第三水冷板145的另一段在第二方向上与第一电池15的第一贴合面151同时与第二电池16的第三贴合面161和第四贴合面162贴合。第一水冷板14的另一端与第三水冷板14的另一端分别贴合于同一第二电池组在第一方向上的两端。通过设置第一水冷板143、第二水冷板144和第三水冷板145，使得电池组间和电池组外周具有冷却布置，增加了第一电池组与第二电池组的冷却效果。
本申请还涉及一种用于固定电池的固定组件。固定组件包括上固定板和下固定板，上固定板和下固定板均可以设置有与电池形状相匹配的凹槽，多个单体电池可立放于下固定板的凹槽上，上固定板的凹槽可以扣置于电池的上方。上下固定板可以使用螺栓进行连接，以此将电池进行固定，形成模组。通过固定组件，可以省去传统模组的端板和侧板等零部件，减轻了模组重量，提升了空间利用率，且电池与电池之间不需要通过胶带进行连接固定，从而提升了模组的能量密度，增加了车辆的续航能力。
下面简单描述根据本发明的车辆。
根据本发明的车辆上设置有上述实施例中任意一项所述的电池或电池模组，由于根据本发明的车辆上设置有上述实施例中任意一项所述的电池或电池模组，因此该车辆中的电池的盖板与极柱之间结构及加工工艺简单，经济成本降低，电池在堆叠时空间利用率大，电池能量密度高，同时，电池壳体1变形量小且变形均匀，用户的使用体验好。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体内形成有适于容纳极片的容纳腔，所述壳体的至少一端敞开；
    端盖，所述端盖设置于所述壳体上并封闭所述壳体的敞开端，所述端盖朝向所述容纳腔的一侧形成有朝向所述容纳腔延伸的第一接触部，所述端盖朝向背离所述容纳腔的一侧形成有朝向背离所述容纳腔延伸的第二接触部；其中
    所述第一接触部适于与所述极片电连接，所述第二接触部构造为所述电池的极柱，所述第一接触部、所述第二接触部与所述端盖构造为一体件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述端盖与所述壳体之间设置有绝缘件以将所述端盖与所述壳体断开。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一接触部沿所述端盖的径向延伸。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一接触部构造为多个且在所述端盖的周向上间隔布置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其特征在于，所述壳体构造为六棱柱，所述端盖朝向所述容纳腔的端面构造为六边形，每个所述第一接触部的一端由所述端盖的中心向所述端盖的边或角延伸。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，每个所述第一接触部的横截面构造为长圆形。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一接触部与所述第二接触部在所述端盖厚度方向上的投影交错设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二接触部构造为多个，至少一个所述第二接触部适于与电连接件配合并连接。
  9. 根据权利要求3-8中任意一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述端盖上形成有将端盖在厚度方向上贯通的第一连通孔，所述第一连通孔内形成有开闭阀，所述开闭阀适于在所述容纳腔内的压力大于第一预设压力时将所述容纳腔与外部导通，且适于在所述容纳腔内的压力不大于所述第一预设压力时封闭所述第一连通孔。
  10. 根据权利要求3-9中任意一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述端盖上形成有将端盖在厚度方向上贯通的第二连通孔，所述第二连通孔内形成有防爆阀，所述防爆阀适于在所述容纳腔内的压力达到第二预设压力时将所述容纳腔与外部导通。
  11. 根据权利要求2-10中任意一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述绝缘件包括：
    第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件设置于所述壳体的敞开端且至少部分形成于所述容纳腔的 内周壁；
    第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件设置于所述第一绝缘件与所述端盖之间，所述第二绝缘件的至少部分形成于所述壳体的外周壁。
  12. 一种电池模组，其特征在于，包括：
    电池，所述电池构造为权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的电池；
    箱体，所述箱体内形成有电池容纳腔，所述电池布置于所述电池容纳腔内。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池模组，其特征在于，还包括：水冷板，所述水冷板与所述电池贴合且所述水冷板内形成有适于流通冷却介质的冷却流道。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述电池包括：
    第一电池，所述第一电池构造为多个并在第一方向上依次排列以形成第一电池组，所述第一电池具有在第一方向上彼此正对的第一贴合面，相邻的两个所述第一电池之间通过所述第一贴合面贴合，所述第一电池的两个所述第一贴合面之间设置有第二贴合面；
    第二电池，所述第二电池构造为多个并在第一方向上依次排列以形成第二电池组，所述第二电池具有在第一方向上彼此正对的第三贴合面，相邻的两个所述第二电池之间通过所述第三贴合面贴合，所述第二电池的两个所述第三贴合面之间设置有第四贴合面，所述第四贴合面与所述第二贴合面在第二方向上贴合。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述水冷板设置于所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组之间并在第一方向上延伸，所述水冷板分别与所述第二贴合面和所述第四贴合面贴合；或
    所述水冷板设置于所述电池的端部且所述水冷板内的冷却流道在第一方向上延伸并位于所述第二贴合面与所述第四贴合面间。
  16. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求12-15中任意一项所述的电池模组。
PCT/CN2023/121707 2022-09-30 2023-09-26 电池、电池模组和具有其的车辆 WO2024067628A1 (zh)

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