WO2024067109A1 - 天线结构及电子设备 - Google Patents

天线结构及电子设备 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024067109A1
WO2024067109A1 PCT/CN2023/118660 CN2023118660W WO2024067109A1 WO 2024067109 A1 WO2024067109 A1 WO 2024067109A1 CN 2023118660 W CN2023118660 W CN 2023118660W WO 2024067109 A1 WO2024067109 A1 WO 2024067109A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
branch
antenna
antenna structure
radiation
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/118660
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘珂鑫
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024067109A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024067109A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna structure and an electronic device.
  • the wireless anti-lost devices in the related art usually include an antenna unit, wherein the antenna unit is provided with a low-frequency radiator and a high-frequency radiator, and the low-frequency radiator and the high-frequency radiator are arranged at intervals along the thickness direction of the antenna unit, so that the antenna unit can receive or transmit low-frequency and high-frequency signals.
  • the mobile phone can locate the wireless anti-lost device, thereby solving some problems of finding lost items, people or pets.
  • the antenna structure of the wireless anti-lost device and WIFI device in the related art is complex, resulting in a large volume.
  • the present application provides an antenna structure and an electronic device.
  • the antenna structure is small in size and easy to carry, and can solve the technical problem that the wireless anti-lost device in the related art has a complex structure and is not easy to carry.
  • the present application provides an antenna structure, which includes a circuit board, multiple groups of antenna units and a feeding point; wherein the feeding point is located on the circuit board; each group of antenna units includes: a radiating branch and a transmission line, and the radiating branches of each group of antenna units are arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral side of the circuit board; the first end of the transmission line is electrically connected to the feeding point, the second end of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end of the radiating branch, and there is a first interval between the second end of the radiating branch and the first end of the radiating branch of an adjacent group; and the second end of the radiating branch is an open end, or the second end of the radiating branch is electrically connected to a grounding point on the circuit board through a low-pass high-resistance element, and the low-pass high-resistance element is used to pass low frequencies and block high frequencies.
  • the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a circuit board, multiple groups of antenna units and a feeding point so that the antenna structure has the function of transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves; by electrically connecting the first end of the transmission line to the feeding point, the second end of the transmission line to the first end of the radiating branch, the second end of the radiating branch is an open end, or the second end of the radiating branch is electrically connected to the grounding point on the circuit board through a low-pass high-resistance element, so that the radiating branch can be more easily excited to produce a second resonant mode (3/4 wavelength mode) to increase the bandwidth; by providing a low-pass high-resistance element at the second end of the radiating branch, and electrically connecting one end of the low-pass high-resistance element to the second end of the radiating branch, and the other end of the low-pass high-resistance element is electrically connected to the grounding point on the circuit board, so that the antenna structure can form a left-hand combination mode
  • the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application can cover the high frequency band and the low frequency band through a radiating branch, thereby making the antenna structure simple and small in size, thereby reducing the volume of the anti-lost tag provided with the antenna structure, thereby making the anti-lost tag more convenient to carry.
  • the radiating branches of each group of the antenna units include: a first radiating branch and a second radiating branch, and the first radiating branches and the second radiating branches of each group of the antenna units are arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral side of the circuit board; the first end of the transmission line is electrically connected to the feeding point, the second end of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end of the first radiating branch of the same group, a gap is provided between the second end of the first radiating branch and the first end of the second radiating branch of the same group, and a first interval is provided between the second end of the second radiating branch and the first end of the first radiating branch of an adjacent group; in the circumferential direction of the radiating branches, The spacing of the gaps is smaller than the first interval.
  • one end of the low-pass high-resistance element is electrically connected to the second end of the second radiation branch of the same group, and the other end of the low-pass high-resistance element is electrically connected to a ground point on the circuit board.
  • the radiation branches of each group of antenna units By designing the radiation branches of each group of antenna units to include a first radiation branch and a second radiation branch, and setting a gap in the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch of the same group, the first resonance (1/2 wavelength mode) and the second resonance (3/4 wavelength mode) of each group of radiation branches can be stimulated, so that the antenna structure can cover the first frequency band and the second frequency band in the high frequency band, wherein the frequency range corresponding to the first frequency band is smaller than the frequency range corresponding to the second frequency band.
  • the frequency bandwidth covered by the antenna structure in the embodiment of the present application is wider, so that more electronic devices (for example, electronic devices with higher frequencies) can be communicated and connected with the antenna structure, thereby improving the applicability of the antenna structure.
  • wireless communication relationships can only be established between antennas with partially overlapping frequency bandwidths, so when the frequency bandwidth of the antenna structure is increased, the number of devices connected thereto can be increased, thereby improving the applicability of the antenna structure.
  • the length of the radiation branch can be increased, so that the radiation branch can radiate in a larger area, thereby improving the radiation efficiency.
  • the low-pass high-resistance element in each group of the antenna units includes an inductor, a distributed inductor, or a filter.
  • the second end of the radiating branch is grounded. Since the inductor has the characteristics of low-pass and high-resistance, the radiating branch can excite its third resonance, so that the antenna structure can cover the third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is a low frequency band, wherein the frequency range of the third frequency band is lower than the first frequency band and the second frequency band.
  • the antenna structure can cover the low frequency band and the high frequency band, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the antenna structure and improving the applicability.
  • the structure of the inductor is simple, which can simplify the structure of the antenna structure, thereby reducing the volume of the anti-lost tag using the antenna structure, so that the anti-lost tag is more convenient to carry.
  • the low-pass high-resistance element in each group of the antenna units is an inductor, and the inductance values of the inductors in each group of the antenna units are the same.
  • the antenna structure can be a rotationally symmetric structure, so that the radiation branch excites a third resonance, covers a third frequency band, and has a lower directivity coefficient.
  • the low-pass high-resistance element in each group of the antenna units is an inductor, and the inductance values of the inductors in at least two groups of the antenna units in each group of the antenna units are different.
  • the inductance values of at least two groups of antenna units in each group of antenna units can be different, different resonances can be stimulated, thereby covering different low-frequency band ranges and forming a wider low-frequency band bandwidth to meet the requirements of the antenna structure for the low-frequency bandwidth, so as to adapt to different needs and improve the applicability of the antenna structure.
  • the length of the second radiating branch of the radiating branch in each group of the antenna units in the circumferential direction of the radiating branch is less than ⁇ /2, where ⁇ is the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency in the 1/2 wavelength mode.
  • the slot is prevented from being located at the first end of the radiating branch, for example, the end where the radiating branch is connected to the transmission line, so as to ensure that the radiating branch is more likely to excite the second resonance (3/4 wavelength mode), so that the antenna unit can cover the second frequency band in the high frequency band, and the antenna structure can cover a wider frequency range, so as to improve the applicability of the antenna structure.
  • a ratio of the length of the first radiation branch of the radiation branch in each group of the antenna units to the length of the radiation branch is greater than or equal to 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2.
  • the gap can be located at a position on the radiating branch where the current is weaker, so that the second resonance (3/4 wavelength mode) can be more easily excited, so that the antenna unit can cover the second frequency band in the high frequency band, and then the antenna structure can cover a wider frequency range, so as to improve the applicability of the antenna structure.
  • the transmission line in at least one group of the antenna units has a bending section.
  • the resonant mode of the antenna unit can be adjusted so that the first resonance (1/2 wavelength mode) can cover the first frequency band and the second resonance (3/4 wavelength mode) can cover the second frequency band, so as to improve the accuracy of the frequency bandwidth covered by the antenna structure, so as to facilitate easier establishment of communication connections between electronic devices.
  • the antenna units are divided into four groups, and two adjacent groups of the four groups of antenna units are rotationally symmetrical at 90° with respect to the feeding point.
  • the four groups of antenna units in the antenna structure can radiate evenly, thereby reducing the directivity coefficient.
  • the first radiating branches and the second radiating branches of each group of antenna units are located outside the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board, and the first radiating branches and the second radiating branches of each group of antenna units have the same or different second intervals with the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board in the radial direction of the circuit board.
  • the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch of each group of antenna units By locating the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch of each group of antenna units outside the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board, more space can be reserved on the circuit board to place other devices on the circuit board; in addition, by setting a second interval in the radial direction of the circuit board between the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch of each group of antenna units and the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board, the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch can have more radiation space, thereby improving the radiation efficiency.
  • the second interval is in the range of 0.5-2 mm.
  • the first interval is greater than 1 mm.
  • the first interval can separate two adjacent antenna units, thereby preventing signal interference between adjacent antenna units.
  • the spacing of the gaps is less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the gap By setting the gap to be greater than or equal to 1 mm, it is ensured that the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 can be coupled and connected, thereby realizing more antenna modes.
  • the inductance of the low-pass high-resistance element is in the range of 3-15 nH.
  • the present application provides an electronic device comprising the above-mentioned antenna structure.
  • the electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present application by setting the antenna structure of the first aspect, can achieve multi-band omnidirectional coverage performance because the antenna structure is small in size, easy to assemble, and covers a large bandwidth.
  • the electronic device is an anti-loss tag
  • the antenna structure includes an ultra-wideband UWB antenna.
  • the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application is an anti-lost tag
  • the volume of the anti-lost tag can also be set to be smaller, thereby reducing the volume of the anti-lost tag so that the anti-lost tag is easy to carry.
  • the frequency bandwidth covered by the antenna structure of the first aspect is large, it can adapt to more electronic devices and can be connected to more electronic devices in different frequency ranges, thereby increasing the applicability of the anti-lost tag.
  • the bandwidth of the antenna structure is very wide, it can be accurately positioned in conjunction with electronic devices, so that it is convenient to find people or objects with the anti-lost tag, which is conducive to finding lost items or lost people or pets, etc.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the framework structure of an anti-loss tag provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3A is a top view of the structure shown in FIG2 ;
  • FIG3B is another schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG4 is an S parameter diagram of the structure shown in FIG2 ;
  • FIG5A is a schematic diagram of current distribution corresponding to different resonance modes of the structure shown in FIG2 ;
  • FIG5B is a schematic diagram of current distribution corresponding to different resonance modes of the structure shown in FIG2 ;
  • FIG5C is a schematic diagram of current distribution corresponding to different resonance modes of the structure shown in FIG2 ;
  • FIG6 is another top view of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a comparison diagram of S parameter diagrams of the structures shown in FIG2 and FIG6 ;
  • FIG8A is a schematic diagram of current distribution corresponding to different resonance modes of the structure shown in FIG6 ;
  • FIG8B is a schematic diagram of current distribution corresponding to different resonance modes of the structure shown in FIG6 ;
  • FIG8C is a schematic diagram of current distribution corresponding to different resonance modes of the structure shown in FIG6 ;
  • FIG9 is another schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a top view of the structure shown in FIG9 ;
  • FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application disposed on a first surface of a substrate;
  • FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application disposed on a second surface of a substrate;
  • FIG13 is a comparison diagram of S parameter diagrams of the structures shown in FIG6 and FIG9 ;
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of current distribution in the third resonance mode of the structure shown in FIG9 ;
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of antenna directions of the structure shown in FIG9;
  • FIG. 16 is a comparison diagram of S parameter diagrams when the inductance values of the inductor in the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application are the same and different;
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of antenna directions when the inductance values of the inductors in the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application are the same;
  • FIG. 18 is another schematic diagram of the antenna direction when the inductance values of the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application are different;
  • FIG. 19 is a comparison diagram of S parameter diagrams of the inductances of the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application with the same and different inductance values;
  • FIG20 is a comparison diagram of radiation efficiency curves when the inductance values of the inductors in the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application are the same and different;
  • FIG21 is a comparison diagram of system efficiency curves when the inductance values of the inductors in the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application are the same and different;
  • FIG22 is a comparison diagram of S parameter diagrams when the inductance values of the inductor in the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application are the same and different;
  • FIG23 is a schematic diagram of antenna directions when the inductance values of the inductors in the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application are the same;
  • FIG24 is a schematic diagram of antenna directions when the inductance values of the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application are different;
  • FIG25 is a schematic diagram of antenna directions when the inductance values of the inductors in the antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application are the same;
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of the antenna direction when the inductance values in the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application are different.
  • reference numerals 1000-anti-lost tag; 100-antenna structure; 200-Bluetooth chip; 300-UWB chip; 400-upper layer processing chip; 500-label body; 110 - antenna unit; 120 - feeding point; 130 - circuit board; 140 - support plate; 111-radiating branch; 111a-first end of the radiating branch; 111b-second end of the radiating branch; 1111-first radiating branch; 1112-second radiating branch; 1113-gap; 112-transmission line; 112a-first end of the transmission line; 112b-second end of the transmission line; 1121-bend; 113 - first interval; 114 - second interval; 115 - low-pass high-resistance element.
  • An anti-lost tag is an electronic device that locates and finds objects through wireless communication. It is generally small in size and easy to carry. It can locate objects with anti-lost tags to find lost items, people or pets carrying anti-lost tags.
  • anti-loss tags need to have the ability to emit electromagnetic waves in three frequency bands, low frequency band (Bluetooth band), high frequency band UWB CH5 band and UWB CH9, among which the frequency range of the low frequency band (Bluetooth band) can be, for example, 2400MHz-2483.5MHz, and the high frequency band can adopt ultra-wideband (UWB) technology.
  • the high frequency band can include UWB CH5 band and UWB CH9 band.
  • the frequency range of UWB CH5 band can be, for example, 6240MHz-6739.2MHz
  • the frequency range of UWB CH9 band can be, for example, 7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz.
  • Bluetooth can make the anti-lost tag have low-power connection capability
  • UWB technology due to the use of a very wide bandwidth, can be used in conjunction with terminal devices.
  • the anti-lost tag can be accurately located.
  • the mobile phone can accurately locate the anti-lost tag, thereby helping people find lost objects, or lost people or pets.
  • the wireless anti-loss device provided in the related art can only cover the low frequency band (Bluetooth band) and the high frequency band UWB CH5 band, but cannot cover the UWB CH9 band, resulting in insufficient bandwidth of the wireless anti-loss device. Insufficient bandwidth will result in only some terminal devices that meet the conditions being able to connect to the wireless anti-loss device.
  • the terminal device is a mobile phone
  • due to insufficient bandwidth of the wireless anti-loss device only mobile phones of models that meet the bandwidth of the wireless anti-loss device can be connected to the wireless anti-loss device.
  • some models of mobile phones cannot establish a communication connection because the radiation bandwidth is not within the bandwidth range of the wireless anti-loss device.
  • the wireless anti-loss device in the related art cannot achieve universal applicability, resulting in low applicability of the wireless anti-loss device.
  • EIRP equivalent isotropic radiated power
  • the antenna unit of the wireless anti-lost device in the related art includes a low-frequency radiator and a high-frequency radiator, and the low-frequency radiator and the high-frequency radiator are separately arranged, which results in a complex structure of the wireless anti-lost device in the related art, and occupies a large space, which is not conducive to assembly and is not conducive to the miniaturization of the wireless anti-lost device.
  • WIFI technology more and more frequency bands are required for WIFI, and a multi-band WIFI antenna with omnidirectional coverage is required.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a solution of an antenna structure, which is small in size, easy to assemble, and covers a large bandwidth, and can cover multiple bands omnidirectionally.
  • an anti-lost device When used in an anti-lost device, it can improve the ability of a mobile phone or other terminal device to locate the position of the tag, that is, it can adapt to more terminal devices and has good general applicability.
  • WIFI devices can also be applied to WIFI devices to realize the use of WIFI multi-bands.
  • the WIFI device can be a router, a laptop, a mobile phone, an IPAD, and other devices that support WIFI input or output.
  • this embodiment provides an electronic device, which may be an anti-lost tag 1000, which may include an antenna structure 100, a chip, and a tag body 500, wherein the antenna structure 100 and the chip are both arranged on the tag body 500.
  • the chip includes a Bluetooth chip 200, a UMB chip 300, and an upper layer processing chip 400, wherein the upper layer processing chip 400 is electrically connected to the Bluetooth chip 200 and the UWB chip 300, respectively, and the Bluetooth chip 200 and the UWB chip 300 are both electrically connected to the antenna structure 100.
  • the anti-lost tag 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be directly placed on the object or person to be located when in use, and then a terminal device such as a mobile phone can be used to communicate with the electronic tag, so that when the object needs to be found, the anti-lost tag 1000 can be located by a terminal device such as a mobile phone.
  • a terminal device such as a mobile phone
  • the anti-lost tag 1000 can be placed in a wallet, or the anti-lost tag 1000 can be hung on a keychain, so that when the wallet or keys are lost, the anti-lost tag 1000 set on the wallet or keychain can be located by a mobile phone or terminal device, so that the wallet or keys can be found through the anti-lost tag 1000.
  • the shape of the anti-loss label 1000 does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the shape of the anti-loss label 1000 can be circular, square or other special-shaped structures.
  • it can be made into a circular structure with a cartoon image.
  • the anti-lost tag 1000 in the embodiment of the present application is provided with an antenna structure 100. Since the antenna structure 100 has a simple structure and a small volume, the volume of the anti-lost tag 1000 can also be set to be relatively small, thereby reducing the volume of the anti-lost tag 1000 so that the anti-lost tag 1000 is convenient to carry. Since the frequency bandwidth covered by the antenna structure 100 of the first aspect is relatively large, it can adapt to more electronic devices and can be connected to more electronic devices with different frequency ranges, thereby increasing the applicability of the anti-lost tag 1000. In addition, since the bandwidth of the antenna structure 100 is very wide, it can be accurately positioned in conjunction with electronic devices, so that it is convenient to find people or objects with the anti-lost tag 1000, which is conducive to finding lost items or lost people or pets, etc.
  • the antenna structure 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application may include a circuit board 130, multiple groups of antenna units 110 and a feeding point 120; wherein the feeding point 120 may be located at the center of the circuit board 130.
  • the feeding point 120 may also be located at other positions of the circuit board 130, which is not further limited in the embodiment of the present application;
  • each group of antenna units 110 includes: a radiating branch 111 and a transmission line 112, and the radiating branches 111 of each group of antenna units 110 are arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral side of the circuit board 130; the first end 112a of the transmission line is electrically connected to the feeding point 120, and the second end 112b of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end 111a of the radiating branch, and there is a first interval 113 between the second end 111b of the radiating branch and the first end 111a of the radiating branch of the adjacent group, and the second end 111b of the radiating branch is an open end.
  • the radiating branches 111 of each group of antenna units 110 are arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral side of the circuit board 130, including when the radiating branches 111 are coplanar with the circuit board 130, the radiating branches 111 are located on the outer peripheral side of the circuit board 130; also including when the radiating branches 111 are not coplanar with the circuit board 130, that is, when there is a certain distance between the radiating branches 111 and the circuit board 130 in the thickness direction of the antenna structure 100, the orthographic projection of the radiating branches 111 in the thickness direction of the antenna structure 100 is located on the outer peripheral side of the circuit board 130; also including when the radiating branches 111 are not coplanar with the circuit board 130, at least a part of the orthographic projection of the radiating branches 111 in the thickness direction of the antenna structure 100 is located on the outer peripheral side of the circuit board 130.
  • the four groups of antenna units 110 there are four groups of antenna units 110, and two adjacent groups of antenna units 110 in the four groups of antenna units 110 are rotationally symmetrical at ninety degrees relative to the feed point 120.
  • the four groups of antenna units 110 of the antenna structure can radiate uniformly, thereby reducing the directivity coefficient.
  • the multiple groups of antenna units 110 may be two groups of antenna units 110, three groups of antenna units 110, five groups of antenna units 110, or more groups of antenna units 110, wherein the multiple groups of antenna units 110 may have a rotationally symmetrical structure around the feeding point 120, so that different positions of each group of antenna units 110 can radiate uniformly, thereby reducing the directivity coefficient of the antenna structure 100 to meet the EIRP limitation.
  • the volume of the antenna structure can be changed.
  • the volume of the antenna structure 100 is When the antenna structure 100 is small, two groups of antenna units 110 can be set, and the two groups of antenna units 110 are rotationally symmetrical at one hundred and eighty degrees; when the volume of the antenna structure 100 is large, five groups of antenna units 110 can be set, and the five groups of antenna units 110 are rotationally symmetrical at seventy-two degrees, which can increase the applicability of the antenna structure 100.
  • rotational symmetry refers to the general rotational symmetry of the radiation branches 111, the gaps 1113, the first intervals 113, etc. of the antenna unit, rather than the symmetry in the strict mathematical sense, and may also include the rotational symmetry of the transmission line.
  • the specific angles in the ninety-degree rotational symmetry, the one hundred and eighty-degree rotational symmetry, and the seventy-two-degree rotational symmetry are all angles within the error range that allows a certain offset.
  • the error range can be any value from -10° to 10°.
  • the specific angle of the ninety-degree rotational symmetry can be between eighty degrees and one hundred degrees
  • the specific angle of the one hundred and eighty-degree rotational symmetry can be between one hundred and seventy degrees and one hundred and ninety degrees
  • the specific angle of the seventy-two-degree rotational symmetry can be between sixty-two degrees and eighty-two degrees.
  • the radiation branch 111 is the radiator of the antenna.
  • the radiator is a device in the antenna for receiving/sending electromagnetic wave radiation.
  • the "antenna” is understood in a narrow sense as a radiator, which converts the waveguide energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into waveguide energy, which is used to radiate and receive radio waves.
  • the modulated high-frequency current energy (or waveguide energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, and is converted into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy by the radiator and radiated in the desired direction.
  • the receiving radiator converts a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy, and transmits it to the input end of the receiver via the feeder line.
  • the radiator can be a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a linear or sheet shape, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape.
  • the sheet radiator can be implemented by a conductive/metal sheet, such as a copper sheet, etc.
  • the sheet radiator can be implemented by a conductive coating, such as a silver paste antenna, etc.
  • the shape of the sheet radiator may include a circle, a rectangle, a ring, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape.
  • the radiator may also include a groove or a gap formed on the conductor.
  • the coupling gap between the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 is the gap on the radiator.
  • the shape of the gap can be a long strip.
  • a radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited on the gap, and electromagnetic waves are radiated into space.
  • the circuit board 130 can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12 to 14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or an element separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or insulating layer such as fiberglass, polymer, etc.
  • the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a routing layer, and the routing layer and the ground layer are electrically connected through vias.
  • components such as different chips can be mounted on or connected to the circuit board; or electrically connected to the routing layer and/or ground layer in the circuit board.
  • the transmission line 112 and the feed point 120 can be set in the routing layer.
  • Transmission line also called feeder line, refers to the connection line between the antenna transceiver and the radiator.
  • the characteristic of the transmission line is that its lateral size is much smaller than the working wavelength.
  • the transmission line does not necessarily refer to a wire, it can also be a straight strip conductor, for example, with a width of less than 2mm.
  • the feeder line is understood in a similar way.
  • the transmission line can directly transmit current waves or electromagnetic waves depending on the frequency and form.
  • the connection point on the radiator connected to the transmission line is usually called the feeding point.
  • Transmission lines include wire transmission lines, coaxial transmission lines, waveguides, or microstrip lines.
  • the transmission line can include a bracket antenna body, a glass antenna body, etc. depending on the implementation form.
  • the transmission line can be implemented by LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer), FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), or PCB (Printed Circuit Board) according to different carriers.
  • the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a circuit board 130, multiple groups of antenna units 110 and a feeding point 120 so that the antenna structure has the function of transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves, thereby exciting the first resonance (1/2 wavelength mode) and the second resonance (3/4 wavelength mode) of each group of radiation branches 111, wherein the resonant frequency band corresponding to the first resonance can be the first frequency band (6240MHz-6739.2MHz), and the resonant frequency band corresponding to the second resonance can be the second frequency band (7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz).
  • the antenna structure in the embodiment of the present application can cover the first frequency band (6240MHz-6739.2MHz) and the second frequency band (7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz) in the high frequency band.
  • the bandwidth of the antenna structure in the embodiment of the present application is larger, thereby increasing the frequency range of the electronic device connected to the antenna structure, so that more electronic devices can be connected to it for communication, thereby improving the applicability of the antenna structure.
  • a wireless communication relationship can only be established between antennas with partially overlapping frequency bandwidths, so when the frequency bandwidth of the antenna structure is increased, the number of devices connected to it can be increased, thereby improving the applicability of the antenna structure.
  • a general antenna structure can excite a 1/4 wavelength mode and a 1/2 wavelength mode, while a 3/4 wavelength mode requires special boundary conditions, for example, a boundary condition where one end is open and the other end has low impedance can excite the resonance of the 3/4 wavelength mode.
  • the first end 111a of the radiating branch is electrically connected to the transmission line 112, and the transmission line 112 is connected to the feeding point, which satisfies the boundary condition of low impedance;
  • the second end 111b of the radiating branch is an open end, which satisfies the boundary condition of an open end and satisfies the boundary condition of the 3/4 wavelength mode. components, thereby exciting the resonance of the 3/4 wavelength mode, that is, the second resonance.
  • the UWB CH5 band is used as the first frequency band (6240MHz-6739.2MHz)
  • the UWB CH9 band is used as the second frequency band (7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz)
  • the low frequency band is used as the third frequency band (2400MHz-2483.5MHz).
  • the radiating branches 111 of each group of antenna units 110 include: a first radiating branch 1111 and a second radiating branch 1112, and the first radiating branches 1111 and the second radiating branches 1112 of each group of antenna units 110 are arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral side of the circuit board 130; the first end 112a of the transmission line is electrically connected to the feeding point 120, and the second end 112b of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end of the first radiating branch 1111 of the same group, and a gap 1113 is provided between the second end of the first radiating branch 1111 and the first end of the second radiating branch 1112 of the same group, and a first interval 113 is provided between the second end of the second radiating branch 1112 and the first end of the first radiating branch 1111 of the adjacent group.
  • first end of the first radiating branch 1111 is the same end as the first end 111a of the radiating branch, and the second end of the first radiating branch 1111 is the end of the first radiating branch 1111 away from the first end 111a of the radiating branch; the first end of the second radiating branch 1112 is the end close to the second end of the first radiating branch 1111, and the second end of the second radiating branch 1112 is the same end as the second end 111b of the radiating branch.
  • the first end 112a of the transmission line is electrically connected to the feeding point 120, and the second end 112b of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end of the first radiation branch 1111 of the same group, so that the first end of the first radiation branch 1111 meets the boundary condition of low impedance; a gap 1113 is provided between the second end of the first radiation branch 1111 and the first end of the second radiation branch 1112 of the same group, which is equivalent to the electrical connection between the second end of the first radiation branch 1111 and the first end of the second radiation branch 1112, that is, the first The radiating branch 1111 and the second radiating branch 1112 can be regarded as a whole, and there is a first interval 113 between the second end 111b of the second radiating branch 1112 and the first end of the first radiating branch 1111 of the adjacent group, so that the second end of the second radiating branch 1112 satisfies the boundary condition of one end being open-circuited. That is to say, the first radiating branch 1111 and the
  • the first end 112a of the transmission line is electrically connected to the feeding point 120
  • the second end 112b of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end of the second radiation branch 1112 of the same group, so that the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 have a low impedance boundary condition; however, there is a first interval 113 between the first end of the first radiation branch 1111 and the adjacent second radiation branch 1112, and there is a first interval 113 between the second end of the second radiation branch 1112 and the first end of the first radiation branch 1111 of the adjacent group, so that the entire radiation branch 111 composed of the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 has two open ends, so the boundary condition of the 3/4 wavelength mode cannot be met, and therefore the 3/4 wavelength mode cannot be excited.
  • the second end 112b of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end of the first radiation branch 1111 of the same group, a gap 1113 is provided between the second end of the first radiation branch 1111 and the first end of the second radiation branch 1112 of the same group, and a first interval 113 is provided between the second end of the second radiation branch 1112 and the first end of the first radiation branch 1111 of the adjacent group, the boundary condition that one end of the radiation branch 111 is low impedance and the other end is open circuit can be met, thereby exciting a 3/4 wavelength mode to increase the bandwidth and improve applicability.
  • the radiating branches 111 of each group of antenna units 110 By designing the radiating branches 111 of each group of antenna units 110 to include a first radiating branch 1111 and a second radiating branch 1112, and setting a gap 1113 in the first radiating branch 1111 and the second radiating branch 1112 of the same group, the size of the radiating branches 111 of the antenna structure can be enlarged, so that the radiating branches 111 can radiate in a larger area, thereby improving the radiation efficiency.
  • the length L2 of the second radiating branch 1112 of the radiating branch 111 in each group of antenna units 110 in the circumferential direction of the radiating branch 111 is less than ⁇ /2, where ⁇ is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency in the 1/2 wavelength mode.
  • the resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency.
  • the resonant frequency can have a frequency range, for example, the frequency range in which resonance occurs.
  • the resonant frequency can be a frequency range in which the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB.
  • the frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency-point frequency.
  • the return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB.
  • Resonant frequency band The range of the resonant frequency is the resonant frequency band, and the return loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.
  • the length L1 of the radiation branch 111 in the circumferential direction is ⁇ /2, where ⁇ is the median resonant frequency in the 1/2 wavelength mode.
  • the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the core frequency Therefore, by making the length L2 of the second radiating branch 1112 in the circumferential direction of the radiating branch 111 less than ⁇ /2, the slot 1113 is prevented from being located at the first end 111a of the radiating branch, that is, the end where the radiating branch 111 is connected to the transmission line 112.
  • the radiating branch 111 is more likely to excite the second resonance (3/4 wavelength mode), so that the antenna unit 110 can cover the second frequency band in the high frequency band, and then the antenna structure 100 can cover a wider frequency range, so as to improve the applicability of the antenna structure 100.
  • the ratio of the length L3 of the first radiation branch 1111 of the radiation branch 111 in each group of antenna units 110 to the length L1 of the radiation branch 111 is greater than or equal to 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2.
  • the slot 1113 can be located at a position on the radiating branch 111 where the current is weaker (refer to FIG. 5B , the light-colored position represents a weaker current, and the dark-colored position represents a stronger current), so as to more easily excite the second resonance (3/4 wavelength mode), so that the antenna unit 110 can cover the second frequency band in the high frequency band, and then the antenna structure 100 can cover a wider frequency range, so as to improve the applicability of the antenna structure 100.
  • the spacing of the gap 1113 in the circumferential direction of the radiating branch 111 should not be too large.
  • the spacing of the gap 1113 in the circumferential direction of the radiating branch 111 can be any value less than 1 mm.
  • the spacing of the gap 1113 in the circumferential direction of the radiating branch 111 can be 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, etc.
  • the spacing of the slots 1113 in the circumferential direction of the radiation branch 111 can also be enlarged.
  • a relative radiation plate structure can be set at the end of the first radiation branch 1111 and the end of the second radiation branch 1112 on both sides of the slot 1113, wherein the radiation plate structure can extend in a direction perpendicular to the radiation branch 111, so that the area of the radiation structure relative to the slot 1113 can be increased, and the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 can also be coupled. Therefore, there is no further limitation on the spacing of the slots 1113 in the circumferential direction of the radiation branch 111, as long as the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 can be coupled.
  • the spacing of the gap 1113 is smaller than the first interval 113.
  • the first interval 113 can be any value greater than 1 mm, for example, the first interval 113 can be 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm or greater.
  • the first interval 113 can separate two adjacent antenna units 110, thereby preventing signal interference between adjacent antenna units 110.
  • each radiation branch 111 is provided with a slot 1113.
  • multiple slots 1113 can also be provided, so that the radiation volume of the antenna structure can be larger.
  • the radiation branch 111 can include a first radiation branch 1111, a second radiation branch 1112 and a third radiation branch 111.
  • a slot 1113 is provided before the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112, and a slot 1113 is provided between the second radiation branch 1112 and the third radiation branch 111.
  • the length of the radiation branch 111 in the circumferential direction can be increased, thereby expanding the radiation area.
  • the first interval 113 can also be reduced, so that the radiation branch 111 can radiate more evenly, thereby reducing the directivity coefficient of the antenna structure.
  • a plurality of slots 1113 may be provided. The number and size of the slots 1113 provided on the radiation branches 111 on each group of antenna units 110 are not further limited in this embodiment.
  • the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 of each group of antenna units 110 are located outside the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board 130, and there is a second gap 114 between the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 of each group of antenna units 110 and the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board 130 in the radial direction of the circuit board 130.
  • the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 of each group of antenna units 110 are located outside the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board 130, including when the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 are located on the same plane as the circuit board 130, the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 are located outside the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board 130, wherein the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 of each group of antenna units 110 have a second interval 114 in the radial direction of the circuit board 130 with the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board 130; and the first radiation branch 1111
  • the orthographic projections of the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 along the thickness direction of the antenna structure 100 are located outside the outer peripheral edge of the circuit board 130, wherein the orthographic projections of the first radiation
  • the second interval 114 is arranged upwardly so that the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 have more radiation space, thereby improving the radiation efficiency.
  • the second interval 114 can be any value in the range of 0.5-2 mm, for example, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, etc. It can be set according to the specific situation. Of course, it can be understood that the above values can all be values within the allowable error range.
  • the center frequency of the resonant frequency corresponding to the 1/4 wavelength mode is 4.3 GHz (represented as 1/4mode@4.3GHz in the figure)
  • the center frequency of the resonant frequency corresponding to the 1/2 wavelength mode is 6.5 GHz (represented as 1/2mode@6.5GHz in the figure)
  • the center frequency of the resonant frequency corresponding to the 3/4 wavelength mode is 8.6 GHz (represented as 3/4mode@8.6GHz in the figure).
  • the center frequency of the resonant frequency corresponding to the 1/2 wavelength mode is 6.5 GHz.
  • the first resonance can cover the first frequency band, and the center frequency of the resonant frequency corresponding to the 3/4 wavelength mode is 8.6 GHz.
  • the embodiment of the present application can excite the 3/4 wavelength mode and increase the bandwidth of the antenna structure.
  • the horizontal axis Frequency/GHz in the S-parameter graph represents the frequency, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis represents the return loss characteristic, and the unit is dB.
  • a bend 1121 may be provided on the transmission line 112.
  • one bend 1121 is provided on the transmission line 112 in each group of antenna units 110.
  • multiple bends 1121 may be provided on the transmission line 112 in each group of antenna units 110.
  • the number, position and direction of the bends 1121 provided on the transmission line 112 in each group of antenna units 110 are not further limited.
  • bends 1121 may be provided only on the transmission lines 112 of some antenna units 110, which is not further limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the bend 1121 can be set at a position on the transmission line 112 where the current is stronger, which is equivalent to connecting an inductor in series on the transmission line 112, thereby shifting the resonance to a low frequency.
  • the radiation branch 111 can excite three resonant bands, which are the resonant bands of 1/4 wavelength mode, 1/2 wavelength mode and 3/4 wavelength mode from low frequency to high frequency, wherein the bandwidth corresponding to the 1/2 wavelength mode when the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB is about 5.8GHz-6.8GHz, which can cover the first frequency band, and the bandwidth corresponding to the 3/4 wavelength mode when the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB is about 7.5GHz-8.2GHz, which can cover the second frequency band.
  • the center frequency of the resonant frequency corresponding to the 1/4 wavelength mode is 4.0GHz (represented as 1/4mode@4GHz in the figure)
  • the center frequency of the resonant frequency corresponding to the 1/2 wavelength mode is 6.3GHz (represented as 1/2mode@6.3GHz in the figure)
  • the center frequency of the resonant frequency corresponding to the 3/4 wavelength mode is 7.9GHz (represented as 3/4mode@7.9GHz in the figure).
  • the resonant mode of the antenna unit 110 can be adjusted so that the first resonance (1/2 wavelength mode) can cover the first frequency band and the second resonance (3/4 wavelength mode) can cover the second frequency band, so as to improve the accuracy of the frequency bandwidth covered by the antenna structure 100, so as to facilitate easier establishment of communication connections between electronic devices.
  • the antenna structure 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application may include a circuit board 130, a plurality of groups of antenna units 110 and a feeding point 120; wherein the feeding point 120 is located at the center of the circuit board 130.
  • each group of antenna units 110 includes: a radiating branch 111, a low-pass high-resistance element 115 and a transmission line 112, and the radiation of each group of antenna units 110
  • the radiating branch nodes 111 are all arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral side of the circuit board 130; the first end 112a of the transmission line is electrically connected to the feeding point 120, the second end 112b of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end 111a of the radiating branch node, and a first interval 113 is provided between the second end 111b of the radiating branch node and the first end 111a of the radiating branch node of an adjacent group; one end of the low-pass high-resistance element 115 is electrically connected to the second end 111b of the radiating branch node, and the other end of the low-pass high-resistance element 115
  • the "end” in the term “end” of the first end/feeding end/ground end/open end/closed end of the antenna radiator cannot be narrowly understood as a point, but can also be considered as a section of the radiator on the antenna radiator including a first endpoint, and the first endpoint is the endpoint of the antenna radiator at the first gap.
  • the first end of the antenna radiator can be considered as a section of the radiator within one eighth of the first wavelength from the first endpoint, or a section of the radiator within 5 mm from the first endpoint, wherein the first wavelength can be a wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the antenna structure, can be a dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band, or can be a wavelength corresponding to the resonance point.
  • the first end of the radiating branch may include a section of the radiating branch, for example, the first end of the radiating branch includes an endpoint The range is within 5mm.
  • the radiation branches 111 of each group of antenna units 110 include: a first radiation branch 1111 and a second radiation branch 1112, and the first radiation branch 1111 and the second radiation branch 1112 of each group of antenna units 110 are arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral side of the circuit board 130; the first end 112a of the transmission line is electrically connected to the feeding point 120, the second end 112b of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end of the first radiation branch 1111 of the same group, a gap 1113 is provided between the second end of the first radiation branch 1111 and the first end of the second radiation branch 1112 of the same group, and a first interval 113 is provided between the second end of the second radiation branch 1112 and the first end of the first radiation branch 1111 of the adjacent group.
  • a bend 1121 is provided on the transmission line 112 of each group of antenna units 110.
  • the antenna structure may further include a support plate 140, which may be used to carry a circuit board 130 with an antenna structure and an antenna unit 110, wherein the antenna unit 110, the circuit board 130 and the feeding point 120 of the antenna structure are all arranged on the support plate 140.
  • the radiators on the circuit board 130 and the antenna unit 110 of the antenna structure are located on the first surface of the support plate 140, and the feeding line of the antenna unit 110 of the antenna structure is located on the second surface of the support plate 140.
  • the support plate 140 may be used to fix the antenna structure, and illustratively, the support plate 140 may be a plate-shaped structure made of an insulating material.
  • the radiation branch 111 can excite four resonance bands, which are the resonance bands of the left-hand combination mode, the 1/4 wavelength mode (not very obvious), the 1/2 wavelength mode and the 3/4 wavelength mode from low frequency to high frequency, respectively.
  • the center frequency of the resonance frequency corresponding to the left-hand combination mode is about 2.4 GHz
  • the bandwidth corresponding to the 1/2 wavelength mode when the return loss characteristic is less than -6 dB is about 6.1 GHz-7.2 GHz, which can cover the first frequency band
  • the bandwidth corresponding to the 3/4 wavelength mode when the return loss characteristic is less than -6 dB is about 7.8 GHz-8.5 GHz, which can cover the second frequency band.
  • the antenna structure can cover the third frequency band.
  • the third frequency band is a low frequency band, and the frequency range of the third frequency band is lower than the first frequency band and the second frequency band.
  • the 1/4 wavelength mode can be excited, but in some embodiments, the antenna structure can only cover the low frequency band (Bluetooth band), the high frequency band UWB CH5 band and UWB CH9, which can meet the adjustment of connecting with other electronic devices. Therefore, the resonant frequency of the 1/4 wavelength mode excitation is not further described in this embodiment. Of course, the wider the bandwidth that the antenna structure can excite, the easier it is to connect with other electronic devices.
  • the antenna structure can form a left-hand combination mode to cover the low frequency band (Bluetooth frequency band). In this way, the bandwidth of the antenna structure can be increased, thereby improving the applicability of the antenna structure, and in this way, only one radiating branch 111 needs to be set in each antenna unit 110 to cover the high frequency band and the low frequency band.
  • the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application has a simple structure and a small volume.
  • the volume of the anti-lost tag can be reduced, making the anti-lost tag more convenient to carry.
  • the low-pass high-resistance element 115 can pass low frequencies and block high frequencies, one end of the low-pass high-resistance element 115 is electrically connected to the second end 111b of the radiating branch, which is equivalent to an open circuit in the case of high-frequency resonance.
  • the first end 112a of the transmission line is electrically connected to the feeding point 120
  • the second end 112b of the transmission line is electrically connected to the first end 111a of the radiating branch, so that the first end 111a of the radiating branch has a low impedance boundary condition
  • the second end 111b of the radiating branch has a first interval 113 with the first end 111a of the radiating branch of the adjacent group
  • one end of the low-pass high-resistance element 115 is electrically connected to the second end 111b of the radiating branch
  • the other end of the low-pass high-resistance element 115 is electrically connected to the grounding point on the circuit board 130, so that the second end 111b of the radiating branch has an open circuit boundary condition, and thus a 3/4 wavelength mode can be excited.
  • the left-hand combination mode is a resonance mode that can excite the third resonance, the low-frequency resonance.
  • the center frequency of the resonance frequency corresponding to the left-hand combination mode of the antenna structure is 2.4 GHz (indicated as CRLHmode@2.4 GHz in the figure), and the floor is excited to make the bandwidth of the antenna structure wider; as shown in FIG15 , when the center frequency of the resonance frequency is 2.4 GHz, the radiation signal of the antenna structure is relatively uniform in all directions, so the directivity coefficient is relatively low, that is, after adding the low-pass high-resistance element 115 to the antenna structure, the directivity coefficient of the antenna structure can be maintained in a smaller range.
  • the low-pass high-resistance element 115 in each group of antenna units 110 may be an inductor, a distributed inductor or a filter.
  • the type of the low-pass high-resistance element 115 in each group of antenna units 110 is not further limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the second end 111b of the radiating branch can be grounded. Since the inductor has the characteristics of low-pass and high-resistance, the radiating branch 111 can be excited to its third resonance, and the first resonance and the second resonance are slightly affected. Therefore, the antenna structure can cover the first frequency band, the second frequency band and the third frequency band. In other words, the antenna structure can cover the low frequency band (Bluetooth frequency band), the high frequency band UWB CH5 frequency band and UWB CH9, so that the antenna structure can meet the conditions for precise positioning, and the low directivity coefficient can meet the requirements of EIRP.
  • the low frequency band Bluetooth frequency band
  • the antenna structure has a wide bandwidth, so it can be used with more electronic devices.
  • the antenna structure is connected to each other, thereby improving the applicability of the antenna structure, and the antenna structure has a simple structure, so that the volume of the anti-lost tag using the antenna structure can be reduced, making the anti-lost tag more convenient to carry.
  • the inductance values of the inductors in each group of antenna units 110 can be the same.
  • each group of antenna units 110 is provided with a low-pass high-resistance element 115, which is an inductor, and the inductance value is 6.2nH.
  • the inductance value of the low-pass high-resistance element 115 in each group of antenna units 110 can also be other values.
  • the inductance value of the low-pass high-resistance element 115 can be any value in the range of 3-15nH.
  • the inductance value of the low-pass high-resistance element 115 can be any value in the range of 4-10nH.
  • it can be 3nH, 4nH, 5nH, 6nH, 7nH, 8nH, 9nH, 10nH, 11nH, 12nH, 15nH, etc., which are not listed one by one in this embodiment.
  • the inductance of the low-pass high-resistance element 115 in each group of antenna units 110 may also be different.
  • the low-pass high-resistance element 115 in each group of antenna units 110 is an inductor, and the inductance of the inductor in each group is different.
  • the inductance values of the inductors in the four groups of antenna units 110 are respectively L1, L2, L3 and L4.
  • the return loss characteristic of the third resonance can be made smaller, and the bandwidth of the third resonance can be made wider, wherein the left-hand combination mode (third resonance) corresponds to a bandwidth of approximately 2.4GHz-2.5GHz when the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB, which can cover the third frequency band, the 1/2 wavelength mode corresponds to a bandwidth of approximately 6.1GHz-7.2GHz when the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB, which can cover the first frequency band, and the 3/4 wavelength mode corresponds to a bandwidth of approximately 7.8GHz-8.5GHz when the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB, which can cover the second frequency band.
  • the left-hand combination mode corresponds to a bandwidth of approximately 2.4GHz-2.5GHz when the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB, which can cover the third frequency band
  • the 1/2 wavelength mode corresponds to a bandwidth of approximately 6.1GHz-7.2GHz when the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB, which can cover the first frequency band
  • the 3/4 wavelength mode corresponds to a bandwidth of approximately 7.8GHz-8.5GHz when
  • the radiation signal of the antenna structure is relatively uniform in all directions, so the directivity coefficient is relatively low.
  • the directivity coefficient is larger than that shown in FIG17 , that is, the inductance value has some effect on the directivity coefficient of the low frequency band, but the effect is not significant.
  • L1, L2, L3 and L4 may also be set to other values.
  • curve A5 shows that the antenna structure can excite a third resonance with a smaller bandwidth
  • curve A6 shows that the antenna structure can excite two resonances, for example, the third resonance and the fourth resonance, and the bandwidth is increased
  • curve A7 shows that the antenna structure can excite three resonances, for example, the third resonance, the fourth resonance and the fifth resonance, and the bandwidth is further increased. Therefore, by setting the inductance values of the low-pass high-resistance elements 115 on different groups of antenna units 110 differently, the low-frequency bandwidth can be increased without affecting the high-frequency bandwidth. In a nutshell, the overall bandwidth is increased and the applicability is improved.
  • the third frequency band may be a low frequency band.
  • the antenna structure 100 may form an asymmetric structure, thereby exciting multiple resonances, covering the fourth frequency band, and forming a wider low frequency band bandwidth to meet the antenna structure 100's requirements for low frequency bandwidth.
  • the directivity coefficient is 2.35 dBi when the inductance values are the same, and the directivity coefficient is 2.36 dBi when the inductance values are different. Therefore, the low-pass high-resistance element 115 in the antenna unit 110 has little effect on high frequencies.
  • the inductance value of each group of antenna units 110 is limited. By setting the inductance of at least one antenna unit 110 in each group of antenna units 110 to be different, different resonances can be stimulated to cover different low frequency ranges to meet different requirements and improve the applicability of the antenna structure.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device in which the antenna structure of the first aspect is provided.
  • the electronic device may be an anti-lost tag, and the anti-lost tag may be wirelessly connected to other electronic devices, so that the anti-lost tag can be positioned, and then the person or object carrying the anti-lost tag can be positioned, thereby playing a role in finding lost persons or objects.
  • the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application is applicable to electronic devices using one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, global positioning system (GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology and other future communication technologies.
  • the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a smart home, a smart bracelet, a smart watch, a smart helmet, smart glasses, etc.
  • the electronic device can also be a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, an electronic device in a 5G network or an electronic device in a future public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem
  • a vehicle-mounted device an electronic device in a 5G network or an electronic device in a future public land mobile network (PLMN), etc.
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode of the antenna may refer to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna.
  • the half-wavelength mode of a suspended metal antenna may produce resonance in the 1.575 GHz frequency band, wherein the wavelength in the half-wavelength mode refers to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna in the 1.575 GHz frequency band.
  • ⁇ is the relative dielectric constant of the medium
  • frequency is the frequency of the radiated signal.
  • the gaps and grooves in the above embodiments may be filled with insulating media.
  • Ground/floor/grounding point can refer to at least a part of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer in the antenna structure, or at least a part of any combination of any of the above grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding components, etc.
  • Ground/floor can be used for grounding components in the antenna structure. Any of the above grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials.
  • the conductive material can be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrate, copper-plated substrate, brass-plated substrate, and aluminum-plated substrate. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the grounding layer/grounding plate/grounding metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.
  • Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling, and "coupled connection” can be understood as direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection.
  • Direct coupling can also be called “electrical connection”, which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling” can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless/non-contact manner.
  • indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts to form an equivalent capacitor.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种天线结构及电子设备，其中，该天线结构包括电路板、多组天线单元和馈电点；其中，馈电点位于电路板上；每组天线单元包括：辐射枝节和传输线，各组天线单元的辐射枝节均沿着电路板的外周侧间隔设置；传输线的第一端与馈电点电连接，传输线的第二端与辐射枝节的第一端电连接，辐射枝节的第二端与相邻组的辐射枝节的第一端之间具有第一间隔；且辐射枝节的第二端为开放端，或者，辐射枝节的第二端通过低通高阻元件与电路板上的接地点电连接。

Description

天线结构及电子设备
本申请要求于2022年09月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211190439.6、申请名称为“天线结构及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及天线技术领域，特别涉及一种天线结构及电子设备。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高，人们经常出去游玩，而在游玩时，由于人流量较大，不仅同行的人会经常走散，身上较为重要的东西也经常丢失。特别是在有老人、孩子或宠物的情况下，孩子和老人特别容易走散，从而对人们的人身安全造成安全隐患。另外，一些贵重的物品丢失也会给人们的生活带来不便。
为了方便寻找丢失的物品以及走散的人或宠物，无线的防丢器应运而生。相关技术中的无线的防丢器通常包括天线单元，其中，该天线单元上设置有低频辐射体和高频辐射体，低频辐射体和高频辐射体沿着天线单元的厚度方向间隔设置，以使该天线单元可以接收或发射低频和高频信号。从而可以使手机可以对无线的防丢器进而定位，进而解决一些寻找丢失物品以及人物或宠物的问题。
此外，随着WIFI技术的发展，WIFI频段越来越多，需要设计多频段而且可以全向覆盖的WIFI天线。
然而，相关技术中的无线的防丢器和WIFI设备中的天线结构结构复杂，导致体积较大。
发明内容
本申请提供一种天线结构及电子设备，该天线结构的体积小、方便携带，可以解决相关技术中无线防丢器结构复杂、不易携带的技术问题。
第一方面，本申请提供一种天线结构，该天线结构包括电路板、多组天线单元和馈电点；其中，所述馈电点位于所述电路板上；每组所述天线单元包括：辐射枝节和传输线，各组所述天线单元的所述辐射枝节均沿着所述电路板的外周侧间隔设置；所述传输线的第一端与所述馈电点电连接，所述传输线的第二端与所述辐射枝节的第一端电连接，所述辐射枝节的第二端与相邻组的所述辐射枝节的第一端之间具有第一间隔；且所述辐射枝节的第二端为开放端，或者，所述辐射枝节的第二端通过低通高阻元件与所述电路板上的接地点电连接，所述低通高阻元件用于通低频阻高频。
本申请实施例提供的天线结构，通过设置电路板、多组天线单元和馈电点，以使该天线结构具有发射或接收电磁波的功能；通过将传输线第一端与馈电点电连接，传输线的第二端与的辐射枝节的第一端电连接，辐射枝节的第二端为开放端，或者，辐射枝节的第二端通过低通高阻元件与电路板上的接地点电连接，可以使该辐射枝节可以更容易激励出第二谐振模式(3/4波长模式)，以便增加带宽；通过在辐射枝节的第二端设置低通高阻元件，并将低通高阻元件的一端与在辐射枝节的第二端电连接，低通高阻元件的另一端与电路板上的接地点电连接，以使该天线结构可以形成左右手组合模式，覆盖低频段。通过在每个天线单元中设置一个辐射枝节，就可以覆盖低频段以及高频段，相对于相关技术中需要设置单独的低频辐射体和高频辐射体，本申请实施例中提供的天线结构可以通过一个辐射枝节覆盖高频段和低频段，从而使天线结构的结构简单，体积小，进而可以减小设置有该天线结构的防丢标签的体积，进而使该防丢标签更加方便携带。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每组所述天线单元的所述辐射枝节均包括：第一辐射枝节和第二辐射枝节，各组所述天线单元的所述第一辐射枝节和所述第二辐射枝节均沿着所述电路板的外周侧间隔设置；所述传输线的第一端与所述馈电点电连接，所述传输线的第二端与同一组的所述第一辐射枝节的第一端电连接，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端与同一组的所述第二辐射枝节的第一端之间具有缝隙，所述第二辐射枝节的第二端与相邻组的所述第一辐射枝节的第一端之间具有第一间隔；在所述辐射枝节的周向上， 所述缝隙的间距小于所述第一间隔。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述低通高阻元件的一端与同一组的所述第二辐射枝节的第二端电连接，所述低通高阻元件的另一端与所述电路板上的接地点电连接。
通过将每组天线单元的辐射枝节设计成包括第一辐射枝节和第二辐射枝节的结构，并在同一组的第一辐射枝节和第二辐射枝节设置缝隙，可以激励每组辐射枝节的第一谐振(1/2波长模式)和第二谐振(3/4波长模式)，以使该天线结构可以覆盖高频段中的第一频段和第二频段，其中，第一频段对应的频率范围小于第二频段对应的频率范围。相对于相关技术中，只能覆盖一个第一频段来说，本申请实施例中的天线结构覆盖的频率带宽更宽，从而可以允许更多的电子设备(例如，频率较高的电子设备)与该天线结构之间可以通信连接，进而提高天线结构的适用性。可以理解的是，频率带宽有部重叠的天线之间才可以建立无线通信关系，所以当增加了天线结构的频率带宽后，则可以增加与其连接设备的数量，提高了该天线结构的适用性。另外，通过设置缝隙可以增大辐射枝节的长度，进而使辐射枝节可以在更大的区域内辐射，进而提高辐射效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，各组所述天线单元中的所述低通高阻元件包括电感、分布式电感或滤波器。
通过将该低通高阻元件设置为包括电感、分布式电感或滤波器的结构，将辐射枝节的第二端接地，由于电感具有低通高阻的特性，从而可以使该辐射枝节可以激励其第三谐振，使该天线结构可以覆盖第三频段，其中该第三频段为低频段，其中该第三频段的频率范围低于第一频段和第二频段。从而使该天线结构可以覆盖低频段和高频段，进而增加该天线结构的带宽，提高适用性。另外，电感的结构简单，可以简化该天线结构的结构，从而可以缩小使用该天线结构的防丢标签的体积，以使该防丢标签更加方便携带。
在一种可能的实现方式中，各组所述天线单元中的所述低通高阻元件为电感，各组所述天线单元中的所述电感的感值相同。
通过将各组天线单元中的电感设置的电感值均相同，可以使该天线结构可以为旋转对称结构，从而使该辐射枝节激励出第三谐振，覆盖第三频段，且具有较低的方向性系数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，各组所述天线单元中的所述低通高阻元件为电感，各组所述天线单元中至少两组所述天线单元中的所述电感的感值不同。
通过将各组天线单元中的至少两组天线单元的电感的感值设置的不同，从而可以激励出不同的谐振，进而覆盖不同的低频段范围，形成更宽的低频段带宽，以满足天线结构对低频带宽的要求，以适应不同的需求，提高该天线结构的适用性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每组所述天线单元中的所述辐射枝节的所述第二辐射枝节，在所述辐射枝节周向上的长度均小于λ/2，λ为1/2波长模式下谐振频率的中心频率对应的介质波长。
通过将第二辐射枝节在辐射枝节周向上的长度小于λ/2，进而防止该缝隙位于辐射枝节的第一端，例如，辐射枝节与传输线连接的一端。以保证该辐射枝节更容易激励出第二谐振(3/4波长模式)，从而使该天线单元可以覆盖高频段中的第二频段，进而使天线结构可以覆盖更宽的频率范围，以便提高该天线结构的适用性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述辐射枝节周向上，每组所述天线单元中的所述辐射枝节的所述第一辐射枝节的长度与所述辐射枝节的长度的比值大于等于1/3且小于等于1/2。
通过将每组天线单元中的辐射枝节的第一辐射枝节的长度与辐射枝节的长度的比值设置的大于等于1/3且小于等于1/2，可以使缝隙位于辐射枝节上电流较弱的位置，以便更容易激励出第二谐振(3/4波长模式)，从而使该天线单元可以覆盖高频段中的第二频段，进而使天线结构可以覆盖更宽的频率范围，以便提高该天线结构的适用性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少一组所述天线单元中的所述传输线上具有弯折段。
通过在至少一组天线单元中的传输线上设置弯折段，以便对该天线单元的谐振模式进行调节，从而使第一谐振(1/2波长模式)可以覆盖第一频段，第二谐振(3/4波长模式)可以覆盖第二频段，以提高天线结构所覆盖频率带宽的精确度，以便于电子设备之间更容易建立通信连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述天线单元为四组，且四组所述天线单元中相邻两组所述天线单元相对所述馈电点90°旋转对称。
通过设置四组天线单元，并将四组天线单元中相邻两组天线单元相对馈电点90°旋转对称，可以使天线结构的四组天线单元可以辐射均匀，进而降低方向性系数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，各组所述天线单元的所述第一辐射枝节和所述第二辐射枝节位于所述电路板的外周边缘的外侧，且各组所述天线单元的所述第一辐射枝节和所述第二辐射枝节与所述电路板的外周边缘之间在所述电路板的径向方向上具有相同或不同的第二间隔。
通过将各组天线单元的第一辐射枝节和第二辐射枝节位于电路板的外周边缘的外侧，从而可以在电路板上预留更多的空间，以便在电路板上放置其他器件；另外，通过在各组天线单元的第一辐射枝节和第二辐射枝节与电路板的外周边缘之间在电路板的径向方向上设置第二间隔，可以使第一辐射枝节和第二辐射枝节具有更多的辐射空间，从而提高辐射效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二间隔在0.5-2mm的范围内。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一间隔大于1mm。
通过将第一间隔设置的大于或等于1mm，以使第一间隔可以将相邻的两个天线单元之间分隔开，进而方式相邻天线单元之间出现信号干扰。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述辐射枝节的周向上，所述缝隙的间距小于或等于1mm。
通过将缝隙设置的大于或等于1mm，保证第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112之间可以耦合连接，从而实现更多天线模式。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述低通高阻元件的感值在3-15nH的范围内。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电子设备，包括上述的天线结构。
本申请实施例提供的电子设备，通过设置第一方面的天线结构，由于该天线结构的体积小，方便装配，并且覆盖的带宽较大，所以可以使设置有该天线结构的该电子设备可以实现多频段全向覆盖的性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电子设备为防丢标签，所述天线结构包括超带宽UWB天线。
本申请实施例中的电子设备为防丢标签时，通过设置第一方面的天线结构，由于该天线结构的结构简单、体积小，所以该防丢标签的体积也可以设置的较小，进而可以减小防丢标签的体积，以使该防丢标签方便携带。由于第一方面的天线结构覆盖的频率带宽较大，所以可以适应更多的电子设备，可以和更多不同频率范围的电子设备连接，从而增加该防丢标签的适用性。另外，由于该天线结构的带宽很宽，所以可以配合电子设备进行准确定位，从而可以方便寻找带有该防丢标签的人或物，有利于寻找丢失的物品或走散的人或宠物等。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的防丢标签的框架结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的结构示意图；
图3A为图2中所示结构的俯视图；
图3B为申请实施例提供的天线结构的另一种结构示意图；
图4为图2中所示结构的S参数图；
图5A为图2中所示结构的不同谐振模式对应的电流分布示意图；
图5B为图2中所示结构的不同谐振模式对应的电流分布示意图；
图5C为图2中所示结构的不同谐振模式对应的电流分布示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的另一种俯视图；
图7为图2和图6中所示结构的S参数图的对比图；
图8A为图6中所示结构的不同谐振模式对应的电流分布示意图；
图8B为图6中所示结构的不同谐振模式对应的电流分布示意图；
图8C为图6中所示结构的不同谐振模式对应的电流分布示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的另一种结构示意图；
图10为图9中所示结构的俯视图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的天线结构设置在基板上的第一面的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的天线结构设置在基板上的第二面的结构示意图；
图13为图6和图9中所示结构的S参数图的对比图；
图14为图9中所示结构的第三谐振模式的电流分布示意图；
图15为图9中所示结构的天线方向示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的中的电感的感值相同和不同时的S参数图的对比图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的天线结构中的电感的感值相同时天线方向示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的天线结构中的电感的感值不同时天线方向的另一示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的中的电感的感值相同和不同的S参数图的对比图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的中的电感的感值相同和不同时的辐射效率曲线的对比图；
图21为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的中的电感的感值相同和不同时的系统效率曲线的对比图；
图22为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的中的电感的感值相同和不同时的S参数图的对比图；
图23为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的中的电感的感值相同时的天线方向示意图；
图24为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的中的电感的感值不同时的天线方向示意图；
图25为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的中的电感的感值相同时的天线方向示意图；
图26为本申请实施例提供的天线结构的中的电感的感值不同时的天线方向示意图。
附图标记说明：
1000-防丢标签；100-天线结构；200-蓝牙芯片；300-UWB芯片；
400-上层处理芯片；500-标签本体；
110-天线单元；120-馈电点；130-电路板；140-支撑板；
111-辐射枝节；111a-辐射枝节的第一端；111b-辐射枝节的第二端；
1111-第一辐射枝节；1112-第二辐射枝节；1113-缝隙；
112-传输线；112a-传输线的第一端；112b-传输线的第二端；1121-弯折；
113-第一间隔；114-第二间隔；115-低通高阻元件。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请。
防丢标签(Tag)是一种通过无线通信的方法，对物体进行定位，进而发现物体的电子设备。它的一般尺寸较小，可以方便携带，进而对设置有该防丢标签的物件进行定位，以便寻找携带防丢标签丢失的物品，或携带防丢标签的人或宠物。
一般而言，防丢标签需要在三个频段具有发射电磁波的能力，低频段(蓝牙频段)、高频段UWB CH5频段和UWB CH9，其中，低频段(蓝牙频段)的频率范围可以例如是2400MHz-2483.5MHz，高频段可以采用超宽带(Ultra-wideband，UWB)技术，高频段可以包括UWB CH5频段和UWB CH9频段，UWB CH5频段的频率范围可以例如是6240MHz-6739.2MHz，UWB CH9频段的频率范围可以例如是7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz。
其中，蓝牙可以使得防丢标签具有低功耗的连接能力，而UWB技术，由于使用了很宽的带宽，可以和终端设备配合使用，例如，通过将防丢标签和终端设备之间进行通信连接，就可以对防丢标签精确定位，例如，手机与防丢标签连接后，手机就可以实现对防丢标签精准的定位，进而帮助人们发现丢失的物体，或走散的人或宠物。
然而，相关技术中提供的无线防丢器只能覆盖低频段(蓝牙频段)和高频段的UWB CH5频段，而无法覆盖UWB CH9频段，从而导致该无线防丢器的带宽不足，带宽不足就会导致只有部分满足条件的终端设备才能与该无线防丢器连接，例如，当终端设备为手机时，由于无线防丢器的带宽不足，则只有满足无线防丢器的带宽的型号的手机，才能与该无线防丢器连接，也就是说，有一些型号的手机，由于辐射带宽不在无线防丢器的带宽的范围内，所以无法建立通信连接，也就是说，相关技术中的无线防丢器无法做到普遍适用性，从而导致该无线防丢器的适用性较低。
另外，由于UWB占用了很宽的带宽，因此，需要对其发射的射频电磁波的能量有严格的限制，才能避免对其他共存的无线应用产生干扰。一般而言，设备的等效全向辐射功率(Effective Isotropic Radiated Power，EIRP)要在法规限制以下，例如，EIRP小于-41.3dBm/MHz。其中，EIRP为射频线传导功率和天线系统效率以及天线方向性系数三个参数的乘积。因此，采用较小的天线方向性系数的天线，则可以获得较小的EIRP，进而避免该防丢标签对其他共存的无线应用产生干扰。其中，其他共存的无 线引用可以为手机、平板电脑、智能屏、智能音箱等电子设备。
相关技术中的无线防丢器的天线单元包括低频辐射体和高频辐射体，并且低频辐射体和高频辐射体分开设置，这样就导致相关技术中的无线防丢器的结构复杂，且占用空间较大，不利于装配，不利于无线防丢器的小型化发展。此外，随着WIFI技术的发展，WIFI的所需频段越来越多，需要多频段而且可以全向覆盖的WIFI天线。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供一种天线结构的方案，该天线结构的体积小，方便装配，并且覆盖的带宽较大，可以多频段全向覆盖。应用于防丢器中，可以提升手机或其它终端设备定位标签的位置的能力，也就是说，可以适应更多的终端设备，普遍适用性较好。也可以应用于WIFI设备中，实现WIFI多频段使用。其中，WIFI设备可以为路由器、笔记本电脑，手机，IPAD等支持WIFI输入或输出的设备。
如图1所示，本实施例提供一种电子设备，该电子设备可以为防丢标签1000，该防丢标签1000可以包括天线结构100、芯片和标签本体500，其中，天线结构100和芯片均设置在标签本体500上。示例性的，芯片包括蓝牙芯片200、UMB芯片300和上层处理芯片400，其中，上层处理芯片400分别与蓝牙芯片200和UWB芯片300电连接，蓝牙芯片200和UWB芯片300均与天线结构100电连接。
本申请实施例中提供的防丢标签1000，在使用时，可以直接放置在需要定位的物体上或人物上，然后用手机等终端设备与该电子标签通信连接，这样当需要寻找该物质时，可以通过手机等终端设备对该防丢标签1000进行定位。示例性的，可以将防丢标签1000放置在钱包内，或者是将防丢标签1000挂在钥匙扣上，这样当钱包或钥匙丢失时，则可以利用手机或终端设备对设置在钱包或钥匙扣上的防丢标签1000进行定位，从而可以通过该防丢标签1000寻找到钱包或钥匙。
需要说明的是，该防丢标签1000的形状不构成对本申请实施例保护范围的限制，例如，防丢标签1000的形状可以使圆形、方形或其它异形结构，例如，可以做成具有卡通形象的圆形结构等。
本申请实施例中的防丢标签1000通过设置天线结构100，由于该天线结构100的结构简单、体积小，所以该防丢标签1000的体积也可以设置的较小，进而可以减小防丢标签1000的体积，以使该防丢标签1000方便携带。由于第一方面的天线结构100覆盖的频率带宽较大，所以可以适应更多的电子设备，可以和更多不同频率范围的电子设备连接，从而增加该防丢标签1000的适用性。另外，由于该天线结构100的带宽很宽，所以可以配合电子设备进行准确定位，从而可以方便寻找带有该防丢标签1000的人或物，有利于寻找丢失的物品或走散的人或宠物等。
以下结合附图对本申请实施例的天线结构进行详细介绍。
如图2所示，本申请实施例中提供的天线结构100，该天线结构100可以包括电路板130、多组天线单元110和馈电点120；其中，馈电点120可以位于电路板130的中心，当然在其他实施例中，馈电点120也可以位于电路板130的其他位置，在本申请实施例中不作进一步限定；每组天线单元110包括：辐射枝节111和传输线112，各组天线单元110的辐射枝节111均沿着电路板130的外周侧间隔设置；传输线的第一端112a与馈电点120电连接，传输线的第二端112b与辐射枝节的第一端111a电连接，辐射枝节的第二端111b与相邻组的辐射枝节的第一端111a之间具有第一间隔113，辐射枝节的第二端111b为开放端。
需要说明的是，各组天线单元110的辐射枝节111均沿着电路板130的外周侧间隔设置，包括当辐射枝节111与电路板130共面时，辐射枝节111位于电路板130的外周侧；还包括当辐射枝节111与电路板130不共面时，也就是说，辐射枝节111和电路板130在天线结构100的厚度方向上存在一定间距时，辐射枝节111在天线结构100的厚度方向上的正投影位于电路板130的外周侧；还包括当辐射枝节111与电路板130不共面时，辐射枝节111在天线结构100的厚度方向上的正投影的至少一部分位于电路板130的外周侧。
在一种可能的实现方式中，天线单元110为四组，且四组天线单元110中相邻两组天线单元110相对馈电点120九十度旋转对称。通过设置四组天线单元110，并将四组天线单元110中相邻两组天线单元110相对馈电点120九十度旋转对称，可以使天线结构的四组天线单元110可以辐射均匀，进而降低方向性系数。
当然，在另外一些实施例中，多组天线单元110可以为两组天线单元110、三组天线单元110五组天线单元110或者更多组天线单元110，其中，多组天线单元110可以围绕馈电点120呈旋转对称结构，以使各组天线单元110的不同位置可以辐射均匀，进而降低天线结构100的方向性系数，以满足EIRP的限制。
另外，通过设置不同组天线单元110，可以改变天线结构的体积，示例性的，当天线结构100的体积 较小时，则可以设置两组天线单元110，两组天线单元110呈一百八十度旋转对称；当天线结构100的体积较大时，则可以设置五组天线单元110，五组天线单元110呈七十二度旋转对称，这样可以增加天线结构100的适用性。
需要说明的是，旋转对称指的是天线单元的辐射枝节111、缝隙1113、第一间隔113的设置位置等，大体旋转对称，而非数学严格意义上的对称，还可以包括传输线的旋转对称。其中，九十度旋转对称、一百八十度旋转对称以及七十二度旋转对称中的具体角度均是在允许一定偏移的误差范围内的角度，在一些实施例中，该误差范围可以为-10°到10°中的任一值，例如，九十度旋转对称的具体角度可以在八十度到一百度之间，一百八十度旋转对称的具体角度可以在一百七十度到一百九十度之间，七十二度旋转对称的具体角度可以在六十二度到八十二度之间。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，辐射枝节111为该天线的辐射体。其中，辐射体：是天线中用于接收/发送电磁波辐射的装置。在某些情况下，狭义来理解“天线”就是辐射体，其将来自发射机的导波能量较变为无线电波，或者将无线电波转换为导波能量，用来辐射和接收无线电波。发射机所产生的已调制的高频电流能量(或导波能量)经馈电线传输到发射辐射体，通过辐射体将其转换为某种极化的电磁波能量，并向所需方向辐射出去。接收辐射体将来自空间特定方向的某种极化的电磁波能量又转换为已调制的高频电流能量，经馈电线输送到接收机输入端。
辐射体可以是具有特定形状和尺寸的导体，例如线状、或片状等，本申请不限定具体的形状。在一些实施例中，片状辐射体可以由导电/金属片实现，例如铜片等。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体可以由导电涂层实现，例如银浆天线等。片状辐射体的形状可以包括圆形、矩形、环形等，本申请不限定具体的形状。另外，辐射体也可以包括形成在导体上的槽或者缝隙。例如，在本实施例中，第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112之间的耦合间隙，就是辐射体上的缝隙。在一些实施例中，缝隙形状可以是长条形的。在一些实施例中，缝隙上激励有射频电磁场，并向空间辐射电磁波。
在一些实施例中，电路板130可以是印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)，例如具有8、10、12、13或14层导电材料的8层、10层或12至14层板，或者通过诸如玻璃纤维、聚合物等之类的介电层或绝缘层隔开和电绝缘的元件。一个实施例中，电路板包括介质基板、接地层和走线层，走线层和接地层通过过孔进行电连接。一个实施例中，诸如不同芯片等部件可以安装在电路板上或连接到电路板；或者电连接到电路板中的走线层和/或接地层。例如，传输线112和馈电点120可以设置于走线层。
传输线，又叫馈电线，指天线的收发机与辐射体之间的连接线。传输线的特点是其横向尺寸远小于工作波长。当然，传输线不一定指线装，也可以是直条形导体，例如，宽度小于2mm。类似地，馈电线做类似理解。传输线可随频率和形式不同，直接传输电流波或电磁波。辐射体上与传输线相连的连接处通常称为馈电点。传输线包括导线传输线、同轴线传输线、波导、或微带线等。传输线根据实现形式不同可以包括支架天线体、或玻璃天线体等。传输线根据载体不同可以由LCP(Liquid Crystal Polymer，液晶聚合物材料)、FPC(Flexible Printed Circuit，柔性印刷电路板)、或PCB(Printed Circuit Board，印刷电路板)等来实现。
本申请实施例提供的天线结构，通过设置电路板130、多组天线单元110和馈电点120，以使该天线结构具有发射或接收电磁波的功能，进而激励每组辐射枝节111的第一谐振(1/2波长模式)和第二谐振(3/4波长模式)，其中，第一谐振对应的谐振频段可以为第一频段(6240MHz-6739.2MHz)，第二谐振对应的谐振频段可以为第二频段(7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz)，本申请实施例中的天线结构可以覆盖高频段中的第一频段(6240MHz-6739.2MHz)和第二频段(7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz)。
相对于相关技术中，只能激励出UWB CH5(6240MHz-6739.2MHz)频段，无法激励出UWB CH9(7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz)频段，本申请实施例中的天线结构的带宽更大，从而增加了与该天线结构连接的电子设备的频率范围，从而可以使更多的电子设备与之通信连接，进而提高该天线结构的适用性。可以理解的是，频率带宽有部重叠的天线之间才可以建立无线通信关系，所以当增加了天线结构的频率带宽后，则可以增加与其连接设备的数量，提高了该天线结构的适用性。
需要说明的是，一般的天线结构可以激励出1/4波长模式和1/2波长模式，而3/4波长模式需要特殊的边界条件，例如，需要一端开路，另一个端低阻抗的边界条件才可以激励出3/4波长模式的谐振。本申请实施例中，辐射枝节的第一端111a与传输线112电连接，而传输线112与馈电点连接，则满足了低阻抗的边界条件；辐射枝节的第二端111b为开放端，满足一端开路的边界条件，满足3/4波长模式的边界条 件，从而可以激励出3/4波长模式的谐振，也就是第二谐振。
为了方便描述，在本实施例中，UWB CH5频段作为第一频段(6240MHz-6739.2MHz)，UWB CH9频段作为第二频段(7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz)，低频段作为第三频段(2400MHz-2483.5MHz)。
如图3A所示，每组天线单元110的辐射枝节111均包括：第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112，各组天线单元110的第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112均沿着电路板130的外周侧间隔设置；传输线的第一端112a与馈电点120电连接，传输线的第二端112b与同一组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端电连接，第一辐射枝节1111的第二端与同一组的第二辐射枝节1112的第一端之间具有缝隙1113，第二辐射枝节1112的第二端与相邻组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端之间具有第一间隔113。
需要说明的是，第一辐射枝节1111的第一端与辐射枝节的第一端111a为同一端，第一辐射枝节1111的第二端为第一辐射枝节1111远离辐射枝节的第一端111a的一端；第二辐射枝节1112的第一端为靠近第一辐射枝节1111的第二端的一端，第二辐射枝节1112的第二端与辐射枝节的第二端111b为同一端。
在本实施例中，通过将传输线的第一端112a与馈电点120电连接，传输线的第二端112b与同一组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端电连接，以使第一辐射枝节1111的第一端满足低阻抗的边界条件；通过第一辐射枝节1111的第二端与同一组的第二辐射枝节1112的第一端之间具有缝隙1113，相当于第一辐射枝节1111的第二端和第二辐射枝节1112的第一端之间电连接，也就是说，第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112可以看成是一个整体，而第二辐射枝节1112的第二端111b与相邻组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端之间具有第一间隔113，进而使第二辐射枝节1112的第二端满足一端开路的边界条件，也就是说，第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112可以构成的一个整体的辐射枝节111的一端开路，另一端低阻抗的边界条件，因此可以激励出3/4波长模式。
在一些实施例中，如图3B所示，第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112之间具有耦合间隙，其中，传输线的第一端112a与馈电点120电连接，传输线的第二端112b与同一组的第二辐射枝节1112的第一端电连接，第二辐射枝节1112的第二端与相邻组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端之间具有第一间隔113；第一辐射枝节1111的第二端与同一组的第二辐射枝节1112的第一端之间具有缝隙1113，第一辐射枝节1111的第一端与相邻的第二辐射枝节1112之间具有第一间隔。
如图3B所示，第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112之间具有耦合间隙，所以第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112之间是可以耦合连接的，所以第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112可以看成一个整体。其中，传输线的第一端112a与馈电点120电连接，传输线的第二端112b与同一组的第二辐射枝节1112的第一端电连接，使得第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112具有了低阻抗的边界条件；然而，第一辐射枝节1111的第一端与相邻的第二辐射枝节1112之间具有第一间隔113，且第二辐射枝节1112的第二端与相邻组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端之间具有第一间隔113，使得第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112构成的整个辐射枝节111具有两个开路端，所以不能满足3/4波长模式的边界条件，因此不能激励3/4波长模式。
所以，在本实施例中，通过将传输线的第一端112a与馈电点120电连接，传输线的第二端112b与同一组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端电连接，第一辐射枝节1111的第二端与同一组的第二辐射枝节1112的第一端之间具有缝隙1113，第二辐射枝节1112的第二端与相邻组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端之间具有第一间隔113，可以满足辐射枝节111一端低阻抗，一端开路的边界条件，进而可以激励3/4波长模式，以增加带宽，提高适用性。
通过将每组天线单元110的辐射枝节111设计成包括第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112的结构，并在同一组的第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112设置缝隙1113，可以使该天线结构的辐射枝节111的尺寸变大，进而使辐射枝节111可以在更大的区域内辐射，进而提高辐射效率。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，每组天线单元110中的辐射枝节111的第二辐射枝节1112，在辐射枝节111周向上的长度L2均小于λ/2，λ为1/2波长模式下谐振频率的中心频率对应的介质波长。
需要说明的是，谐振频率又叫共振频率。谐振频率可以有一个频率范围，例如，发生共振的频率范围。谐振频率可以是回波损耗特性小于-6dB的频率范围。共振最强点对应的频率就是中心频率-点频率。中心频率的回波损耗特性可以小于-20dB。谐振频段：谐振频率的范围是谐振频段，谐振频段内任一频点的回波损耗特性可以小于-6dB或-5dB。
其中，在一些实施例中，辐射枝节111在周向上的长度L1为λ/2，λ为1/2波长模式下谐振频率的中 心频率对应的介质波长。所以通过将第二辐射枝节1112在辐射枝节111周向上的长度L2小于λ/2，进而防止该缝隙1113位于辐射枝节的第一端111a，也就是辐射枝节111与传输线112连接的一端。以保证该辐射枝节111更容易激励出第二谐振(3/4波长模式)，从而使该天线单元110可以覆盖高频段中的第二频段，进而使天线结构100可以覆盖更宽的频率范围，以便提高该天线结构100的适用性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在辐射枝节111周向上，每组天线单元110中的辐射枝节111的第一辐射枝节1111的长度L3与辐射枝节111的长度L1的比值大于等于1/3且小于等于1/2。
通过将每组天线单元110中的辐射枝节111的第一辐射枝节1111的长度L3与辐射枝节111的长度L1的比值设置的大于等于1/3且小于等于1/2，可以使缝隙1113位于辐射枝节111上电流较弱的位置(参考图5B所示，颜色浅的位置代表电流较弱，颜色深的位置代表电路较强)，以便更容易激励出第二谐振(3/4波长模式)，从而使该天线单元110可以覆盖高频段中的第二频段，进而使天线结构100可以覆盖更宽的频率范围，以便提高该天线结构100的适用性。
在一些实施例中，为了保证第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112之间可以耦合连接，所以该缝隙1113在该辐射枝节111周向上的间距不宜过大，示例性的，缝隙1113在辐射枝节111周向上的间距可以为小于1mm的任意值，例如，缝隙1113在辐射枝节111周向上的间距可以为0.2mm、0.25mm、0.3mm等。
当然，在一些实施例中，也可以将缝隙1113在该辐射枝节111周向上的间距做大，为了保证第一辐射枝节1111可以和第二辐射枝节1112之间可以耦合连接，可以在缝隙1113两侧的第一辐射枝节1111的端部和第二辐射枝节1112的端部设置相对的辐射板结构，其中该辐射板结构可以沿着垂直与辐射枝节111的方向延伸，这样可以增加缝隙1113位置相对的辐射结构的面积，进而使第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112之间也可以实现耦合连接。因此，对于缝隙1113在辐射枝节111周向上的间距不作进一步限定，只要是可以使第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112之间可以耦合连接即可。
需要说明的是，在辐射枝节111周向上，缝隙1113的间距小于第一间隔113，示例性的，第一间隔113可以为1mm以上的任意值，例如，第一间隔113可以为1.5mm、1.6mm或者更大。第一间隔113可以将相邻的两个天线单元110之间分隔开，进而方式相邻天线单元110之间出现信号干扰。
另外，通过设置缝隙1113可以增大辐射枝节111的长度，进而使辐射枝节111可以在更大的区域内辐射，进而提高辐射效率。在本实施例中，每个辐射枝节111上设置有一个缝隙1113，当然，在另外一些实施例中，还可以设置多个缝隙1113，进而可以使该天线结构的辐射体积更大，例如，该辐射枝节111可以包括第一辐射枝节1111、第二辐射枝节1112和第三辐射枝节111，在第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112之前设置有一个缝隙1113，在第二辐射枝节1112和第三辐射枝节111之间设置有一个缝隙1113，这样可以使该辐射枝节111在周向上的长度变大，从而可以扩大辐射区域；另外，通过设置多个缝隙1113，还可以是第一间隔113变小，这样可以使辐射枝节111辐射的更加均匀一些，进而降低天线结构的方向性系数。在另外一些实施例中，还可以设置多个缝隙1113，对于每组天线单元110上的辐射枝节111上设置缝隙1113的数量以及尺寸，在本实施例中，不作进一步限定。
继续参见图3A所示，各组天线单元110的第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112位于电路板130的外周边缘的外侧，且各组天线单元110的第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112与电路板130的外周边缘之间在电路板130的径向方向上具有第二间隔114。
其中，各组天线单元110的第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112位于电路板130的外周边缘的外侧，包括第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112位于电路板130共面时，第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112位于电路板130的外周边缘的外侧，其中，各组天线单元110的第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112与电路板130的外周边缘之间在电路板130的径向方向上具有第二间隔114；还包括第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112位于电路板130不共面时，也就是说，第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112和电路板130沿天线结构100的厚度方向间隔设置时，第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112沿天线结构100厚度方向的正投影位于电路板130的外周边缘的外侧，其中，第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112沿天线结构100厚度方向的正投影，与电路板130的外周边缘之间在电路板130的径向方向上具有第二间隔114。
通过将各组天线单元110的第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112位于电路板130的外周边缘的外侧，从而可以在电路板130上预留更多的空间，以便在电路板130上放置其他器件；另外，通过在各组天线单元110的第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112与电路板130的外周边缘之间在电路板130的径向方 向上设置第二间隔114，可以使第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112具有更多的辐射空间，从而提高辐射效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二间隔114可以为0.5-2mm中的任一值，例如，可以为0.5mm、0.6mm、1mm、1.5mm、2mm等。具体可以根据具体情况设置。当然，可以理解的是，上述数值均可以为允许误差范围之内的数值。
如图4所示，在本实施例中，该曲线A1上具有三个谐振波段。从低频到高频分别为1/4波长模式、1/2波长模式和3/4波长模式的谐振波段。对应图5A、图5B、图5C中电流分布示意图可知，在1/4波长模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率为4.3GHz(图中表示为1/4mode@4.3GHz)，1/2波长模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率为6.5GHz(图中表示为1/2mode@6.5GHz)，3/4波长模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率为8.6GHz(图中表示为3/4mode@8.6GHz)。其中，1/2波长模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率为6.5GHz，结合图4中的数据可以认为第一谐振可以覆盖第一频段，3/4波长模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率为8.6GHz，结合图4中可知本申请实施例可以激励3/4波长模式，增加天线结构的带宽。
其中，S参数图中的横坐标Frequency/GHz代表频率，单位是GHz；纵坐标代表回波损耗特性，单位是dB。
在一些实施例中，为了使第二谐振可以更接近第二频段(7737.6MHz-8236.8MHz)，如图6所示，可以在传输线112上设置弯折1121。示例性的，每组天线单元110中的传输线112上均设置有一个弯折1121，当然，在其他实施例中，也可以在每组天线单元110中的传输线112上均设置有多个弯折1121，在本实施例中，对于每组天线单元110中的传输线112上设置的弯折1121的数量、位置以及弯折1121的方向，不作进一步限定。另外，在另一些实施例中，也可以只在部分天线单元110的传输线112上设置弯折1121，在本申请实施例中对此不作进一步限定。
需要说明的是，弯折1121可以设置在传输线112上电流较强的位置，这样相当于在传输线112上串联了一个电感，从而可以使谐振向低频偏移。
如图7所示，在本实施例中，参加曲线A2，该辐射枝节111可以激励出三个谐振波段，从低频到高频分别为1/4波长模式、1/2波长模式和3/4波长模式的谐振波段，其中，1/2波长模式在回波损耗特性小于-6dB时对应的带宽约为5.8GHz-6.8GHz，可以覆盖第一频段，3/4波长模式在回波损耗特性小于-6dB时对应的带宽约为7.5GHz-8.2GHz，可以覆盖第二频段。对应图8A、图8B、图8C中电流分布示意图可知，在1/4波长模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率为4.0GHz(图中表示为1/4mode@4GHz)，1/2波长模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率为6.3GHz(图中表示为1/2mode@6.3GHz)，3/4波长模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率为7.9GHz(图中表示为3/4mode@7.9GHz)。
也就是说，通过在天线单元110中的传输线112上设置弯折1121，可以增加以便对该天线单元110的谐振模式进行调节，从而使第一谐振(1/2波长模式)可以覆盖第一频段，第二谐振(3/4波长模式)可以覆盖第二频段，以提高天线结构100所覆盖频率带宽的精确度，以便于电子设备之间更容易建立通信连接。
在另外一些实施例中，如图9和图10所示，本申请实施例中提供的天线结构100，该天线结构100可以包括电路板130、多组天线单元110和馈电点120；其中，馈电点120位于电路板130的中心，当然在其他实施例中，馈电点120也可以位于电路板130的其他位置，在本申请实施例中不作进一步限定；每组天线单元110包括：辐射枝节111、低通高阻元件115和传输线112，各组天线单元110的辐射枝节111均沿着电路板130的外周侧间隔设置；传输线的第一端112a与馈电点120电连接，传输线的第二端112b与辐射枝节的第一端111a电连接，辐射枝节的第二端111b与相邻组的辐射枝节的第一端111a之间具有第一间隔113，低通高阻元件115的一端与在辐射枝节的第二端111b电连接，低通高阻元件115的另一端与电路板130上的接地点电连接，低通高阻元件115用于通低频阻高频。
需要说明的是，端：天线辐射体的第一端/馈电端/接地端/开放端/封闭端中的“端”，并不能狭义的理解为一定是一个点，还可以认为是天线辐射体上包括第一端点的一段辐射体，第一端点是该天线辐射体在第一缝隙处的端点。例如，天线辐射体的第一端可以认为是距离该第一端点八分之一个第一波长范围内的一段辐射体，或者是距离第一端点5mm范围内的一段辐射体，其中，第一波长可以是天线结构的工作频段对应的波长，可以是工作频段的中心频率对应的介质波长，或者，谐振点对应的波长。示例性的，在本实施例中，辐射枝节的第一端可以包括一段辐射枝节，例如，辐射枝节的第一端包括端点 的5mm以内的区间。
每组天线单元110的辐射枝节111均包括：第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112，各组天线单元110的第一辐射枝节1111和第二辐射枝节1112均沿着电路板130的外周侧间隔设置；传输线的第一端112a与馈电点120电连接，传输线的第二端112b与同一组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端电连接，第一辐射枝节1111的第二端与同一组的第二辐射枝节1112的第一端之间具有缝隙1113，第二辐射枝节1112的第二端与相邻组的第一辐射枝节1111的第一端之间具有第一间隔113。并且，在每组天线单元110的传输线112上均设置有弯折1121。
另外，在本实施例中，如图11和图12所示，该天线结构还可以包括支撑板140，该支撑板140可以用于承载带天线结构的电路板130以及天线单元110，其中，该天线结构的天线单元110、电路板130和馈电点120均设置在该支撑板140上。其中，该天线结构的电路板130和天线单元110上的辐射体位于该支撑板140的第一面，该天线结构的天线单元110的馈电线位于该支撑板140的第二面。其中，该支撑板140可以用于固定该天线结构，示例性的，该支撑板140可以为绝缘材质制成的板状结构。
本申请实施例中，如图13所示，如曲线A3所示，该辐射枝节111可以激励出四个谐振波段，从低频到高频分别为左右手组合模式、1/4波长模式(不太明显)、1/2波长模式和3/4波长模式的谐振波段，其中，左右手组合模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率约为2.4GHz，1/2波长模式在回波损耗特性小于-6dB时对应的带宽约为6.1GHz-7.2GHz，可以覆盖第一频段，3/4波长模式在回波损耗特性小于-6dB时对应的带宽约为7.8GHz-8.5GHz，可以覆盖第二频段，相对于不设置低通高阻元件115向高频方向移动了一部分，并且激励了新的第三谐振(左右手组合模式)，使该天线结构可以覆盖第三频段，第三频段为低频段，该第三频段的频率范围低于第一频段和第二频段。
需要说明的是，在一些实施例中可以激励1/4波长模式，但是在一些实施例中，天线结构可以只覆盖低频段(蓝牙频段)、高频段UWB CH5频段和UWB CH9，就可以满足与其他电子设备连接的调节，因此对于1/4波长模式激励的谐振频率，在本实施例中不作进一步说明。当然，天线结构可以激励的带宽越宽越容易与其他电子设备连接。
通过在辐射枝节的第二端111b设置低通高阻元件115，并将低通高阻元件115的一端与在辐射枝节的第二端111b电连接，低通高阻元件115的另一端与电路板130上的接地点电连接，以使该天线结构可以形成左右手组合模式，覆盖低频段(蓝牙频段)。这样可以增加天线结构的带宽，进而提高该天线结构的适用性，并且这样只需要在每个天线单元110中设置一个辐射枝节111，就可以覆盖高频段以及低频段，相对于相关技术中需要设置单独的低频辐射体和高频辐射体，本申请实施例中提供的天线结构的结构简单，体积小，进而设置在防丢标签上时，可以减小防丢标签的体积，使该防丢标签更加方便携带。
另外，由于低通高阻元件115可以通低频阻高频，所以低通高阻元件115的一端与在辐射枝节的第二端111b电连接，在高频谐振的情况下，相当于开路。也就是说，传输线的第一端112a与馈电点120电连接，传输线的第二端112b与辐射枝节的第一端111a电连接，可以使该辐射枝节的第一端111a具有低阻抗的边界条件，辐射枝节的第二端111b与相邻组的辐射枝节的第一端111a之间具有第一间隔113，低通高阻元件115的一端与在辐射枝节的第二端111b电连接，低通高阻元件115的另一端与电路板130上的接地点电连接，可以使该辐射枝节的第二端111b具有开路的边界条件，进而可以激励出3/4波长模式。
需要说明的是，左右手组合模式为一种谐振模式，可以激励第三谐振，低频谐振。如图14所示，天线结构的左右手组合模式对应的谐振频率的中心频率为2.4GHz(图中表示为CRLHmode@2.4GHz)，并且地板被激励，使天线结构的带宽更宽；如图15所示，在谐振频率的中心频率为2.4GHz时，该天线结构的辐射信号在各个方向比较均匀，所以方向性系数相对较低，也就是说，在天线结构中增加了低通高阻元件115后，天线结构的方向性系数可以保持在较小的范围。
在一些实施例中，各组天线单元110中的低通高阻元件115可以为电感、分布式电感或滤波器。对于各组天线单元110中的低通高阻元件115的种类在本申请实施例中不作进一步限定。
通过将该低通高阻元件115设置为电感、分布式电感或滤波器，就可以辐射枝节的第二端111b接地，由于电感具有低通高阻的特性，从而可以使该辐射枝节111激励其第三谐振，且对第一谐振和第二谐振影响很小，所以该天线结构可以覆盖第一频段、第二频段和第三频段，也就是说，该天线结构可以覆盖低频段(蓝牙频段)、高频段UWB CH5频段和UWB CH9，进而使该天线结构可以满足精确定位的条件，并且方向性系数低可以满足EIRP的要求。另外，该天线结构的带宽较宽，所以可以和更多的电子设备 之间连接，进而提高了该天线结构的适用性，且该天线结构的结构简单，从而可以缩小使用该天线结构的防丢标签的体积，以使该防丢标签更加方便携带。
在一些实施例中，可以将各组天线单元110中的电感的感值均相同，图14中对应的天线结构中的每组天线单元110均设置一个低通高阻元件115，该低通高阻元件115为电感，且感值均为6.2nH。当然，在另外一些实施例中，各组天线单元110中的低通高阻元件115的感值还可以为其它数值，在一些实施例中，低通高阻元件115的感值可以为3-15nH中的任一值，在另外一些实施例中，低通高阻元件115的感值可以为4-10nH中的任一值，示例性的，可以为3nH、4nH、5nH、6nH、7nH、8nH、9nH、10nH、11nH、12nH、15nH等，在本实施例中不再一一列举。
另外，各组天线单元110中的低通高阻元件115的感值也可以不同，例如，各组天线单元110中的低通高阻元件115为电感，且各组中的电感的感值不同，为了方便描述，在本实施例中，将四组天线单元110中的电感的感值分别作为L1、L2、L3和L4。
如图16所示，在本实施例中，参见曲线A4所示，当L1＝4.9nH，L2＝L3＝5.8nH，L4＝6.4nH，且为理想器件仿真的情况下，电感的感值不同时，可以使第三谐振的回波损耗特性更小，并且使第三谐振的带宽更宽，其中，左右手组合模式(第三谐振)在回波损耗特性小于-6dB时对应的带宽约为2.4GHz-2.5GHz，可以覆盖第三频段，1/2波长模式在回波损耗特性小于-6dB时对应的带宽约为6.1GHz-7.2GHz，可以覆盖第一频段，3/4波长模式在回波损耗特性小于-6dB时对应的带宽约为7.8GHz-8.5GHz，可以覆盖第二频段。
如图17所示，在谐振频率的中心频率为2.4GHz时，该天线结构的辐射信号在各个方向比较均匀，所以方向性系数相对较低，如图18所示，在谐振频率的中心频率为2.5GHz时，但是相对于图17中所示的方向性系数要大一些，也就是说，电感的感值对低频段的方向性系数有一些影响，但是影响不大。由上述数据可知，增加低通高阻元件115不会对第一频段和第二频段产生影响，并且通过将L1、L2、L3和L4设置的不同，可以增加第三频段的带宽，并且增加天线结构的带宽，进而可以提高该天线结构的适用性。
当然，在一些实施例中，如图19所示，还可以将L1、L2、L3和L4设置为其它值，例如，图19中的曲线A5中对应的L1、L2、L3和L4的数量关系为L1＝L2＝L3＝L4＝6.8nH；曲线A6中对应的L1、L2、L3和L4的数量关系为L1＝L2＝6.8nH，L3＝L4＝5.6nH；曲线A7中对应的L1、L2、L3和L4的数量关系为L1＝4.7nH，L2＝L3＝5.6nH，L4＝6.8nH；如图19所示，曲线A5显示，该天线结构可以激励一个第三谐振，带宽较小；曲线A6显示，该天线结构可以激励两个谐振，例如，第三谐振和第四谐振，带宽增大；曲线A7显示，该天线结构可以激励三个谐振，例如，第三谐振、第四谐振和第五谐振，带宽进一步增大，因此，可以通过将不同组的天线单元110上的低通高阻元件115的感值设置的不同，可以提高低频的带宽，而不会影响高频的带宽，综合来说就是增加了整体的带宽，提高了适用性。
在一些实施例中，第三频段可以为低频段。通过将各组天线单元110的电感值设置的均不相同，可以使该天线结构100形成不对称结构，从而可以激励多个谐振，覆盖第四频段，形成更宽的低频段带宽，以满足天线结构100对低频带宽的要求。
另外，如图20、图21和图22所示，B5、C5和D5对应图19中的A5的方案，B6、C6和D6对应图19中的A6的方案，B7、C7和D7对应图19中的A7的方案，由图20-图22可知，当不同天线单元110中的低通高阻元件115的感值不同时，阻抗特性不同，且可以增大辐射效率和系统效率。其中，图20和图21中的横坐标Frequency/GHz可以代表频率，单位是GHz；纵坐标可以代表辐射效率和系统效率，单位是dB。
如图23和图24所示，在谐振频率为6.5GHz时，电感的感值相同和不同的情况下对天线的方向性系数影响很小为，其中，谐振频率为6.5GHz时，感值相同时，方向性系数为1.0dBi，感值不同时，方向性系数为1.17dBi。如图25和图26所示，在谐振频率为8GHz时，电感的感值相同和不同的情况下对天线的方向性系数影响也很小，其中，谐振频率为8GHz时，感值相同时，方向性系数为2.35dBi，感值不同时，方向性系数为2.36dBi。所以说，天线单元110中的低通高阻元件115对高频的影响很小。
图23中，@6.5GHz，代表谐振频率为6.5GHz，D＝1.0dBi，代表方向性系数为1.0dBi；图24中，@6.5GHz，代表谐振频率为6.5GHz，D＝1.17dBi，代表方向性系数为1.17dBi。图25中，@8GHz，代表谐振频率为8GHz，D＝2.35dBi，代表方向性系数为2.35dBi；图26中，@8GHz，代表谐振频率为8GHz，D＝2.36dBi，代表方向性系数为2.36dBi。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，对于各组天线单元110中各组天线单元110中的电感的感值是限定的， 可以根据具体情况具体设定。通过将各组天线单元110中的至少一个天线单元110的电感的感值设置的不同，从而可以激励出不同的谐振，进而覆盖不同的低频段范围，以适应不同的需求，以提高该天线结构的适用性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，该电子设备中设置有第一方面的天线结构，该电子设备可以为防丢标签，该防丢标签可以与其它电子设备之间实现无线连接，从而可以对防丢标签进行定位，进而对携带防丢标签的人或物进行定位，从而起到寻找丢失人或物的作用。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案适用于采用以下一种或多种通信技术的电子设备：蓝牙(blue-tooth，BT)通信技术、全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)通信技术、无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)通信技术、全球移动通讯系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)通信技术、宽频码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)通信技术、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信技术、5G通信技术以及未来其他通信技术等。本申请实施例中的电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、智能家居、智能手环、智能手表、智能头盔、智能眼镜等。电子设备还可以是具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备，5G网络中的电子设备或者未来演进的公用陆地移动通信网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)中的电子设备等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
本申请的实施例中，天线的某种波长模式(如二分之一波长模式等)中的波长可以是指该天线辐射的信号的波长。例如，悬浮金属天线的二分之一波长模式可产生1.575GHz频段的谐振，其中二分之一波长模式中的波长是指天线辐射1.575GHz频段的信号的波长。应理解的是，辐射信号在空气中的波长可以如下计算：波长＝光速/频率，其中频率为辐射信号的频率。辐射信号在介质中的波长可以如下计算：波长＝(光速/√ε)/频率，其中，ε为该介质的相对介电常数，频率为辐射信号的频率。以上实施例中的缝隙、槽中可以填充绝缘介质。
地/地板/接地点：可泛指天线结构内任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层等的至少一部分，或者上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地部件等的任意组合的至少一部分，“地/地板”可用于天线结构内元器件的接地。上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层由导电材料制得。一个实施例中，该导电材料可以采用以下材料中的任一者：铜、铝、不锈钢、黄铜和它们的合金、绝缘基片上的铜箔、绝缘基片上的铝箔、绝缘基片上的金箔、镀银的铜、绝缘基片上的镀银铜箔、绝缘基片上的银箔和镀锡的铜、浸渍石墨粉的布、涂覆石墨的基片、镀铜的基片、镀黄铜的基片和镀铝的基片。本领域技术人员可以理解，接地层/接地板/接地金属层也可由其它导电材料制得。
耦合：可理解为直接耦合和/或间接耦合，“耦合连接”可理解为直接耦合连接和/或间接耦合连接。直接耦合又可以称为“电连接”，理解为元器件物理接触并电导通；也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过印制电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)铜箔或导线等可传输电信号的实体线路进行连接的形式；“间接耦合”可理解为两个导体通过隔空/不接触的方式电导通。在一个实施例中，间接耦合也可以称为电容耦合，例如通过两个导电件间隔的间隙之间的耦合形成等效电容来实现信号传输。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请实施例的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种天线结构，其特征在于，所述天线结构包括电路板、多组天线单元和馈电点；其中，所述馈电点位于所述电路板上；
    每组所述天线单元包括：辐射枝节和传输线，各组所述天线单元的所述辐射枝节均沿着所述电路板的外周侧间隔设置；
    所述传输线的第一端与所述馈电点电连接，所述传输线的第二端与所述辐射枝节的第一端电连接，所述辐射枝节的第二端与相邻组的辐射枝节的第一端之间具有第一间隔；
    且所述辐射枝节的第二端为开放端，或者，所述辐射枝节的第二端通过低通高阻元件与所述电路板上的接地点电连接，所述低通高阻元件用于通低频阻高频。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其特征在于，每组所述天线单元的所述辐射枝节均包括：第一辐射枝节和第二辐射枝节，各组所述天线单元的所述第一辐射枝节和所述第二辐射枝节均沿着所述电路板的外周侧间隔设置；
    所述传输线的第一端与所述馈电点电连接，所述传输线的第二端与同一组的所述第一辐射枝节的第一端电连接，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端与同一组的所述第二辐射枝节的第一端之间具有缝隙，所述第二辐射枝节的第二端与相邻组的所述第一辐射枝节的第一端之间具有所述第一间隔；
    在所述辐射枝节的周向上，所述缝隙的间距小于所述第一间隔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述低通高阻元件的一端与同一组的所述第二辐射枝节的第二端电连接，所述低通高阻元件的另一端与所述电路板上的接地点电连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述低通高阻元件包括电感、分布式电感或滤波器。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线结构，其特征在于，各组所述天线单元中的所述低通高阻元件为电感，各组所述天线单元中的所述电感的感值相同。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的天线结构，其特征在于，各组所述天线单元中的所述低通高阻元件为电感，各组所述天线单元中至少两组所述天线单元中的所述电感的感值不同。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一所述的天线结构，其特征在于，每组所述天线单元中的所述辐射枝节的所述第二辐射枝节，在所述辐射枝节周向上的长度均小于λ/2，λ为1/2波长模式下谐振频率的中心频率对应的介质波长。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任一所述的天线结构，其特征在于，在所述辐射枝节周向上，每组所述天线单元中的所述辐射枝节的所述第一辐射枝节的长度与所述辐射枝节的长度的比值大于等于1/3且小于等于1/2。
  9. 根据权利要求2-8任一所述的天线结构，其特征在于，在所述辐射枝节的周向上，所述缝隙的间距小于或等于1mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第一间隔大于或等于1mm。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一所述的天线结构，其特征在于，至少一组所述天线单元中的所述传输线上具有弯折段。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述天线单元为四组，且四组所述天线单元中相邻两组所述天线单元相对所述馈电点90°旋转对称。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一所述的天线结构，其特征在于，各组所述天线单元的所述辐射枝节与所述电路板的外周边缘之间，在所述电路板的径向方向上具有相同或不同的第二间隔。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述第二间隔在0.5-2mm的范围内。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一所述的天线结构，其特征在于，所述低通高阻元件的感值在3-15nH的范围内。
  16. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，至少包括权利要求1-15任一所述的天线结构。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备为防丢标签，所述天线结构包括超带宽UWB天线。
PCT/CN2023/118660 2022-09-28 2023-09-13 天线结构及电子设备 WO2024067109A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211190439.6A CN117832833A (zh) 2022-09-28 2022-09-28 天线结构及电子设备
CN202211190439.6 2022-09-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024067109A1 true WO2024067109A1 (zh) 2024-04-04

Family

ID=90476090

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2023/118660 WO2024067109A1 (zh) 2022-09-28 2023-09-13 天线结构及电子设备

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN117832833A (zh)
WO (1) WO2024067109A1 (zh)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104752833A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 天线组件及具有该天线组件的无线通信装置
CN105977634A (zh) * 2016-05-03 2016-09-28 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 一种lte全频带手机天线结构
US20170256843A1 (en) * 2014-09-05 2017-09-07 Smart Antenna Technologies Ltd. Reconfigurable casing antenna system
US20210135351A1 (en) * 2019-11-05 2021-05-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Antenna structure and electronic device including the same
CN113078449A (zh) * 2020-01-06 2021-07-06 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 天线结构及具有该天线结构的无线通信装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104752833A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 天线组件及具有该天线组件的无线通信装置
US20170256843A1 (en) * 2014-09-05 2017-09-07 Smart Antenna Technologies Ltd. Reconfigurable casing antenna system
CN105977634A (zh) * 2016-05-03 2016-09-28 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 一种lte全频带手机天线结构
US20210135351A1 (en) * 2019-11-05 2021-05-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Antenna structure and electronic device including the same
CN113078449A (zh) * 2020-01-06 2021-07-06 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 天线结构及具有该天线结构的无线通信装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN117832833A (zh) 2024-04-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2021238347A1 (zh) 天线和电子设备
CN113013594A (zh) 天线组件和电子设备
CN106229634A (zh) 一种天线及移动终端
CN105917527A (zh) 多频段天线和通信终端
US10770797B2 (en) Antenna element
WO2022166444A1 (zh) 一种天线及终端设备
CN103943942A (zh) 天线及具有所述天线的便携式设备
CN105552536B (zh) 一种单极子双频带WLAN/WiMAX天线
CN103972649B (zh) 天线组件及具有该天线组件的无线通信装置
WO2019227651A1 (zh) 便携式通信终端及其pifa天线
TWM599482U (zh) 多頻天線裝置
WO2020140824A1 (zh) 一种无线装置的辐射增强器、辐射系统及无线装置
CN102157794B (zh) 谐振产生的三频段天线
WO2024067109A1 (zh) 天线结构及电子设备
US8284113B2 (en) Wideband antennas
Modi et al. Compact design of multiband antenna for IRNSS, satellite, 4G and 5G applications
CN114628892A (zh) Pcb天线及电子设备
US11239560B2 (en) Ultra wide band antenna
CN1323077A (zh) 一种新型的用于移动通讯设备的天线
CN113540763A (zh) 一种天线及设备
WO2023142750A1 (zh) 天线和电子设备
WO2024067264A1 (zh) 天线结构及电子设备
WO2024179344A1 (zh) 一种可穿戴设备
CN107706515A (zh) 一种低剖面超宽带定向辐射天线
WO2024164639A1 (zh) 电子设备

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23870346

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1