WO2024065332A1 - 一种显示模组、光学显示系统、终端设备及图像显示方法 - Google Patents

一种显示模组、光学显示系统、终端设备及图像显示方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024065332A1
WO2024065332A1 PCT/CN2022/122330 CN2022122330W WO2024065332A1 WO 2024065332 A1 WO2024065332 A1 WO 2024065332A1 CN 2022122330 W CN2022122330 W CN 2022122330W WO 2024065332 A1 WO2024065332 A1 WO 2024065332A1
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Prior art keywords
image
display
viewpoint
scattering layer
layer
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PCT/CN2022/122330
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周鹏程
赵东峰
童开年
陈兴宇
张虎
彭旭
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202280097641.6A priority Critical patent/CN119522392A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/122330 priority patent/WO2024065332A1/zh
Priority to JP2025518391A priority patent/JP2025535684A/ja
Publication of WO2024065332A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024065332A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module, an optical display system, a terminal device and an image display method.
  • Transparent display will not affect the user's observation of ambient light, but can also display image information.
  • Transparent display is mainly divided into active light-emitting type and projection type.
  • Active light-emitting type is such as organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology.
  • Projection type is such as adding scattering particles or fluorescent powder to the windshield or window glass. The windshield with added scattering particles or fluorescent powder will emit light and produce images under the irradiation of light source. By controlling the concentration of scattering particles or making the scattering particles have wavelength selectivity, the transparency of the windshield to ambient light can still be good, thereby realizing transparent display.
  • three-dimensional (3D) display can give observers a strong sense of stereoscopic reality, and increase the display depth and enhance the richness of the displayed content.
  • the display device emits left and right eye image light, which has different polarization states.
  • the left and right eye lenses only allow the corresponding polarization state image light to enter. Therefore, the left and right eyes observe different images, and the 3D vision is formed through the visual fusion of the brain.
  • the present application provides a display module, an optical display system, a terminal device and an image display method for realizing 3D transparent display.
  • the present application provides a display module, which includes a scattering layer and a reflective layer.
  • the scattering layer is used to receive different image lights from a picture generation unit (PGU) and scatter the different image lights to corresponding positions of the reflective layer, wherein the image lights carry image information.
  • the reflective layer is used to reflect the image lights from corresponding positions of the scattering layer to corresponding viewpoints and transmit ambient light.
  • the different image lights carry different image information. Furthermore, the deflection states of the different image lights may be the same or different.
  • the reflective layer includes an array of concave cylindrical reflective elements, and surfaces of the concave cylindrical reflective elements in the array of concave cylindrical reflective elements close to the scattering layer are concave surfaces, and the concave surfaces are covered with a reflective film.
  • an image formed based on the image light from the scattering layer can have parallax and three-dimensional effect.
  • the projection of the concave surface close to the scattering layer on at least a first plane is an arc, wherein the first plane is, for example, a horizontal plane.
  • the image formed by the image light can have parallax and stereoscopic effect in the first direction parallel to the first plane.
  • the reflectivity of the reflective film is greater than a first reflectivity threshold and less than a second reflectivity threshold.
  • the reflective film can both reflect the image light from the scattering layer and transmit the ambient light, thereby achieving 3D transparent display.
  • the reflectivity of the reflective film is related to the requirement for the transmittance of the reflective film.
  • the application scenario requirements of the reality module can be met. For example, when the display module should be set on a windshield, the transmittance of the windshield needs to be greater than 70%, so the transmittance of the reflective film needs to be greater than 70%, and accordingly, the reflectivity of the reflective film is less than 30% and greater than 0.
  • the reflective film includes a nanometal film or a dielectric film.
  • the concave surface is filled with a filler, and the refractive index of the filler and the refractive index of the concave cylindrical reflector meet a preset error requirement.
  • the refractive index of the filler is the same as the refractive index of the concave cylindrical reflector.
  • the material of the filler is the same as that of the concave cylindrical reflector.
  • the display module can be made not to affect the propagation direction of the ambient light, thereby achieving better transparent display.
  • the concave cylindrical reflector array is a one-dimensional array
  • one concave cylindrical reflector in the concave cylindrical reflector array corresponds to N columns of regions of the scattering layer, the N columns of regions are used to receive different image lights, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the display module can produce a 3D transparent display with a stronger stereoscopic effect.
  • the concave cylindrical reflector array is a two-dimensional array, and one concave cylindrical reflector in the concave cylindrical reflector array corresponds to one area of the scattering layer.
  • the image formed by the image light has parallax and stereoscopic effect in the first direction, and also has parallax and stereoscopic effect in the second direction.
  • the reflective layer includes a holographic reflective medium layer. Further, the holographic reflective medium layer is manufactured by holographic exposure.
  • the thickness of the display module can be reduced, thereby contributing to making the display module lighter and thinner.
  • the incident angle of the image light scattered to the corresponding position of the reflective layer entering the scattering layer belongs to a preset angle range.
  • the scattering layer By setting the scattering layer to have angle selectivity, the scattering layer can only scatter light that meets a preset angle range and is transparent to ambient light entering from other directions. In this way, the display module can achieve 3D transparent display.
  • the scattering layer is obtained by holographic exposure.
  • the scattering layer is prepared by holographic exposure.
  • the reference laser during exposure has the same field of view and incident angle as the image light emitted by the image generation unit, so that only the image light with the same field of view and incident angle can excite the scattering layer.
  • the ambient light is directly transmitted because it does not meet the angle selection conditions of the scattering layer.
  • the display module based on this scattering layer has high transparency.
  • the present application provides an optical display system, which includes an image generating unit and the above-mentioned first aspect or any one of the display modules in the first aspect; the image generating unit is used to emit different image lights.
  • polarization states of different image lights emitted by the image generating unit are the same.
  • the image generating unit includes, but is not limited to, a projector.
  • the present application provides a terminal device, which includes the above-mentioned second aspect or any one of the optical display systems in the second aspect, and the optical display system is installed on the terminal device.
  • the present application provides an image display method, the method comprising: obtaining the coordinates of a first viewpoint and/or a second viewpoint; determining K eye distances according to the coordinates of the first viewpoint and/or the second viewpoint and the coordinates of K target positions of a display area of the windshield, the K target positions corresponding one-to-one to K rows of an image projected onto the display area, and the parallax between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint, the eye distance and the virtual image distance satisfy a corresponding relationship; and controlling the display of the image by adjusting the parallax of the K rows of the image.
  • the virtual image distance of each row of the displayed image can be made the same by correcting the parallax in each row, thereby achieving non-tilted (or upright) display of the controlled image.
  • ⁇ P i is the parallax between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint in the i-th row
  • T is the distance between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint
  • VID is the virtual image distance
  • ER i is the eye relief of the i-th row.
  • the present application provides a chip, which includes at least one processor and an interface circuit. Further, optionally, the chip may also include a memory, and the processor is used to execute computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, so that the chip executes the method in the above-mentioned fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program or instruction is stored.
  • the control device executes the method in the above-mentioned fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or instructions.
  • the control device executes the method in the above-mentioned fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a front windshield of a vehicle to which a display module is applied provided by the present application;
  • FIG1b is a schematic diagram of a display module applied to a vehicle window provided by the present application.
  • FIG1c is a schematic diagram of a display module applied to a skylight provided in the present application.
  • FIG1d is a schematic diagram of a display module provided by the present application applied to a NED device
  • FIG. 1e is a schematic diagram of a display module provided by the present application applied to a vehicle-mounted display screen;
  • FIG. 1f is a schematic diagram of a display module provided by the present application applied to a display
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided by the present application.
  • FIG3a is a schematic diagram of the relationship between ambient light and image light provided by the present application.
  • FIG3 b is another schematic diagram of the relationship between ambient light and image light provided by the present application.
  • FIG4a is a schematic diagram showing the principle of manufacturing a scattering layer by holographic exposure technology provided by the present application.
  • FIG4b is a schematic diagram of the principle of scattering layer reconstruction provided by the present application.
  • FIG5a is a schematic structural diagram of a scattering layer provided in the present application.
  • FIG5b is a schematic diagram of the structure of another scattering layer provided by the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a concave cylindrical reflector array provided by the present application.
  • FIG7a is a schematic diagram of a projection of a concave cylindrical reflector array provided by the present application on a first plane;
  • FIG7b is a schematic diagram of a projection of a concave surface on a first plane provided by the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a projection of a concave cylindrical reflector array provided by the present application on a second plane;
  • FIG9 is a corresponding relationship between an array of concave cylindrical reflectors and the area of a scattering layer provided by the present application.
  • FIG10 is a diagram showing a correspondence between another concave cylindrical reflector array and the area of the scattering layer provided by the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of another concave cylindrical reflector array provided by the present application.
  • FIG12a is a schematic diagram of a holographic reflective medium layer obtained by a lens array provided by the present application.
  • FIG12b is a schematic diagram of a holographic reflective medium layer obtained by a reflector array provided by the present application.
  • FIG13 is a light path diagram of a display module provided by the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of an optical display system architecture provided by the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a method flow of an image display method provided by the present application.
  • FIG16a is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship among an eye relief, a virtual image distance and a parallax provided by the present application;
  • FIG16b is a schematic diagram of the relationship between a parallax and a position of a display module provided by the present application.
  • FIG17 is a circuit diagram of an optical display system provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is an exemplary functional block diagram of a vehicle provided in the present application.
  • Scattering refers to the phenomenon that part of light deviates from its original direction when it passes through a medium.
  • the light that deviates from its original direction is called scattered light.
  • the first step of holographic technology is to use the principle of interference to record the object's light wave information, that is, the shooting process; the photographed object forms a diffuse object beam under laser radiation; another part of the laser is used as a reference beam to shoot onto the holographic film, and it overlaps with the object beam to produce interference.
  • Interference refers to the phenomenon that two or more waves overlap or cancel each other when they meet in space to form a new waveform.
  • the phase and amplitude of each point on the object's light wave are converted into spatially varying intensities, so that all the information of the object's light wave can be recorded by using the contrast and interval between the interference fringes.
  • the film recording the interference fringes becomes a holographic layer (or holographic photo) after development, fixing and other processing.
  • the second step is to use the principle of diffraction to reproduce the object's light wave information, which is the imaging process.
  • the viewpoint refers to the position where the image is observed. Specifically, the viewpoint can be two or more positions in the eye box.
  • the eye box usually refers to the range where the driver's eyes can see the entire displayed image, which can be combined with the following Figure 1a.
  • the size of the general eye box is 130mm ⁇ 50mm. If the driver's eyes are within the eye box range, they can see a complete and clear image. If the driver's eyes are beyond the eye box range, they may see distorted images, color errors, etc., or even be unable to see the image.
  • VID Virtual Image Distance
  • the virtual image distance is the distance between the viewpoint and the center of the image.
  • Parallax refers to the difference in direction when observing the same object from two viewpoints at a certain distance (T).
  • the display module provided in the present application can be arranged on the front windshield of the vehicle (with an inclination angle of about 30° to 60°) and used in combination with a head-up display device (HUD), see FIG1a.
  • the HUD can project the formed image (called the HUD virtual image) into the driver's front field of view and integrate it with the real road information, thereby enhancing the driver's perception of the actual driving environment.
  • the HUD can superimpose the HUD virtual image carrying navigation information (such as direction arrows, distance, and/or driving time, etc.) and/or vehicle status information (such as driving speed, mileage, speed, temperature, fuel level, and/or headlight status, etc.) on the real environment outside the vehicle (such as safe vehicle distance, surrounding obstacles, and/or reversing images, etc.), so that the driver can obtain an augmented reality visual effect.
  • the vehicle can realize functions such as augmented reality (AR) navigation, adaptive cruise, and lane departure warning.
  • the function of the advanced driving assistant system (ADAS) can be combined to realize assisted driving or intelligent driving of the vehicle.
  • the virtual image distance of the HUD virtual image formed based on the vehicle's status information is about 2 to 3 meters.
  • the virtual image distance of the HUD virtual image formed based on the navigation information is about 7 to 15 meters.
  • HUD includes but is not limited to windshield (windshield-head up device, W-HUD), or AR-HUD, etc.
  • the display module provided by the present application can also be set on a vehicle window (such as a side window or a rear window) and used in conjunction with an image generation unit, which can project image light onto the display module of the vehicle window, see FIG1b.
  • the image generation unit can include, for example, but is not limited to, a projector.
  • the display module provided by the present application can also be set on the skylight, and used in conjunction with the image generation unit, and the image generation unit can project image light onto the display module of the skylight, see Figure 1c.
  • the image generation unit can include, for example, but is not limited to, a projector.
  • the display module provided by the present application can also be integrated into a near eye display (NED) device.
  • the NED device can be, for example, an augmented reality (AR) device or a virtual reality (VR) device.
  • the AR device can include but is not limited to AR glasses or AR helmets
  • the VR device can include but is not limited to VR glasses or VR helmets.
  • FIG. 1d taking AR glasses as an example, users can wear AR glasses to play games, watch videos, participate in virtual meetings, or video shopping, etc.
  • the display module provided by the present application can also be integrated into a vehicle display screen. Please refer to FIG1e.
  • the vehicle display screen can be installed on the back of a vehicle seat or the co-pilot position, etc.
  • the present application does not limit the location of the vehicle display screen installation.
  • FIG1e is an example of installation on the back of a seat.
  • the display module provided in the present application can also be integrated into a display as a desktop display, please refer to FIG. 1f.
  • the present application provides a display module, which can realize 3D transparent display.
  • the display module proposed in this application is described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 13 .
  • the display module includes a scattering layer and a reflecting layer.
  • the scattering layer is used to receive different image lights from the image generation unit, and scatter the different image lights to the corresponding positions of the reflecting layer.
  • the image light carries image information, and the image information carried by different image lights can be the same or different, and the polarization states of different image lights can be the same or different.
  • the reflecting layer is used to reflect the image light from the corresponding position of the scattering layer to the corresponding viewpoint, and transmit the ambient light.
  • the reflecting layer is used to reflect the first image light from the scattering layer to the first viewpoint, and the second image light to the second viewpoint.
  • FIG2 is an example of the image generation unit emitting the first image light and the second image light, and the first image light converges at the first viewpoint after passing through the scattering layer and the reflecting layer, and the second image light converges at the second viewpoint after passing through the scattering layer and the reflecting layer.
  • the ambient light refers to light other than the image light.
  • the propagation direction of the ambient light is opposite to the propagation direction of the image light, see FIG3a.
  • the propagation direction of the ambient light is consistent with the propagation direction of the image light, see FIG3b. It should be understood that the ambient light shown in FIG3a and FIG3b is only an example, and the propagation direction of the ambient light in the present application may also be other possible directions, which are not limited thereto.
  • the image generating unit may include but is not limited to a projector.
  • the image generating unit is taken as an example to be described below.
  • the scattering layer has angle selectivity, and only light incident at a specific incident angle can be scattered, and it is transparent to ambient light incident from other directions.
  • the scattering layer is used to scatter image light whose incident angle meets a preset angle range. In other words, the incident angle of the image light scattered to the corresponding position of the reflective layer entering the scattering layer belongs to the preset angle range.
  • the scattering layer can be made by holographic exposure, see Figure 4a, the first laser beam is used as the object light after passing through a traditional diffuser (such as frosted glass), and the reference laser beam interferes with the object light on the holographic recording layer through a semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror.
  • the field of view angle (or light cone angle) of the reference laser beam is the same as the field of view angle of the image light emitted by the projector, and the incident angle of the reference laser beam entering the scattering layer is equal to the incident angle of the image light emitted from the projector entering the scattering layer.
  • the obtained holographic recording layer can be used as the scattering layer of the display module.
  • the field angle of the image light emitted by the projector is ⁇
  • the incident angle of the central image light entering the scattering layer is ⁇
  • the incident angle ⁇ of the central image light entering the scattering layer is determined.
  • the field angle of the reference laser beam is controlled to be ⁇
  • the incident angle of the central laser beam of the reference laser beam entering the holographic recording layer is ⁇ by adjusting the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirrors.
  • the scattering layer is used as a holographic exposure method.
  • the reference laser beam has the same light cone angle and incident angle as the projector, so that only the image light with the same light cone angle and incident angle can excite the scattering layer, while the ambient light is directly transmitted because it does not meet the angle selection conditions.
  • the scattering layer has higher transparency.
  • the above-mentioned method of making a scattering layer by holographic exposure is only an example.
  • the scattering layer in the present application can also be made by other possible methods, for example, the scattering layer can be obtained by doping scattering particles, combining a micro-nano structure with a phase compensation layer, etc. The present application does not limit this.
  • FIG5a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a scattering layer provided in the present application.
  • the image light from the projector includes a first image light and a second image light.
  • the scattering layer includes a first area and a second area. The first area and the second area are divided based on the received image light, and are represented by different fillings in FIG5a.
  • the first area is used to scatter the first image light
  • the second area is used to scatter the second image light.
  • one first image light corresponds to one first area
  • one second image light corresponds to one second area.
  • the image light from the projector includes the first image light, the second image light, the third image light and the fourth image light.
  • the scattering layer includes the first area, the second area, the third area and the fourth area as an example. Among them, the first area, the second area, the third area and the fourth area are divided based on the received image light, and are represented by different fillings in Figure 5b.
  • a first image light corresponds to a first area
  • a second image light corresponds to a second area
  • a third image light corresponds to a third area
  • a fourth image light corresponds to a fourth area.
  • the first area is used to scatter the first image light
  • the second area is used to scatter the second image light
  • the third area is used to scatter the third image light
  • the fourth area is used to scatter the fourth image light.
  • the scattering layers shown in Figures 5a and 5b can be made based on the holographic exposure method shown in Figure 4a, or can also be made based on doping scattering particles or micro-nano structures, etc., and this application does not limit this. Generally, the sizes of the various regions included in the scattering layer can be the same.
  • the reflective layer is used to reflect image light from a corresponding position of the scattering layer to a corresponding viewpoint and transmit ambient light.
  • the concave cylindrical reflector array can be manufactured by injection molding or nano-imprinting, etc. Two possible reflective layer structures are shown below as examples.
  • the reflective layer includes an array of concave cylindrical reflective elements.
  • the concave cylindrical reflector array is a one-dimensional array or a two-dimensional array, it can be divided into the following two situations.
  • Case 1 the concave cylindrical reflector array is a one-dimensional concave cylindrical reflector array.
  • FIG 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a concave cylindrical reflector array provided by the present application.
  • the concave cylindrical reflector array is a one-dimensional concave cylindrical reflector array.
  • the surface of the concave cylindrical reflector in the concave cylindrical reflector array close to the scattering layer is a concave surface.
  • the projection of the concave surface on the first plane (xoy plane) is an arc, please refer to Figure 7a.
  • the arc height or coordinates (x, y) can be expressed by the following formula 1.
  • c is the curvature
  • the arc height or x-coordinate can be expressed by the following formula 2, that is, a polynomial term can be added to the basis of formula 1:
  • the arc includes but is not limited to a parabola, a circular arc, an elliptical arc, a hyperbolic arc or other possible arcs, for example, the edge of the arc includes a serration (see FIG. 7 b).
  • the projection of the concave surface on the first plane can be a regular arc or an irregular arc, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the caliber of the arc is usually between 100 micrometers ( ⁇ m) and 10 millimeters (mm).
  • the concave cylindrical reflectors in the one-dimensional concave cylindrical reflector array are columnar structures in the second plane (xoz plane) (e.g., vertical plane), see FIG8 .
  • the second plane is perpendicular to the first plane, the first plane can be a horizontal plane, and the second plane is a vertical plane.
  • the direction parallel to the first plane is called the first direction, and the direction parallel to the second plane is called the second direction.
  • the image formed by the image light has parallax and stereoscopic effect in the first direction, but no stereoscopic effect in the second direction.
  • one concave cylindrical reflector in the one-dimensional concave cylindrical reflector array corresponds to at least two columns of regions of the scattering layer. It can be understood that the columns of regions of the scattering layer corresponding to one concave cylindrical reflector are related to the image light emitted by the projector. Please refer to Figure 9.
  • the projector emits the first image light and the second image light.
  • One concave cylindrical reflector corresponds to a column of first regions and a column of second regions of the scattering layer.
  • the scattering layer in this example can refer to the introduction of Figure 4a above.
  • the first region and the second region of the scattering layer are at different positions relative to the concave surface of the concave cylindrical reflector.
  • the first image light passing through the first region of the scattering layer and the second image light passing through the second region of the scattering layer will be scattered to the corresponding position of the concave surface of the concave cylindrical reflector.
  • the first image light is reflected to the first viewpoint and the second image light is reflected to the second viewpoint through the corresponding position of the concave surface of the concave cylindrical reflector.
  • a concave cylindrical reflector corresponds to a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area of the scattering layer
  • the first area, the second area, the third area and the fourth area of the scattering layer are at different positions relative to the concave surface of the concave cylindrical reflector
  • the first image light passing through the first area of the scattering layer, the second image light passing through the second area of the scattering layer, the third image light passing through the third area of the scattering layer, and the fourth image light passing through the fourth area of the scattering layer will be scattered to the corresponding position of the concave surface of the concave cylindrical reflector
  • the scattering layer in this example can refer to the introduction of FIG.
  • the display module can produce a 3D transparent display with a stronger stereoscopic sense.
  • f represents the focal length of the concave cylindrical reflector, which is equal to the distance from the scattering layer to the concave cylindrical reflector array
  • Wp represents the length of the first region or the second region of the scattering layer in the first plane (i.e., the xoy plane)
  • p represents the aperture of the concave cylindrical reflector
  • L represents the distance from the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint to the display module
  • T represents the spacing between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint. It can be understood that the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint can be the positions of the left and right eyes of the observer.
  • Case 2 the concave cylindrical reflector array is a two-dimensional concave cylindrical reflector array.
  • FIG11 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of another concave cylindrical reflector array provided by the present application.
  • the concave cylindrical reflector array is a two-dimensional concave cylindrical reflector array.
  • the projection of the concave surface of the concave cylindrical reflector near the scattering layer in the two-dimensional concave cylindrical reflector array on the first plane is an arc, and the projection on the second plane is also an arc.
  • the concave surface can be a parabola, a sphere, an ellipsoid, a hyperboloid, etc.
  • the sagittal height or x-coordinate of the concave surface can be expressed by the following formula 5.
  • the vector height or coordinates (x, y, z) of the concave surface can be expressed by the following formula 6. That is, a polynomial term may be added on the basis of formula 5:
  • N is the order of the polynomial (i.e. the largest power series).
  • the concave surface may be, for example, a spherical surface, an ellipsoidal surface, a hyperbolic surface, or other possible surface shapes, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the image formed by the image light has parallax and stereoscopic effect in the first direction, and also has parallax and stereoscopic effect in the second direction.
  • the concave surface of the concave cylindrical reflector in the concave cylindrical reflector array is covered with a reflective film, and the reflectivity of the reflective film is greater than the first reflectivity threshold and less than the second reflectivity threshold, so that the reflective film can reflect the image light from the scattering layer and transmit the ambient light, thereby realizing 3D transparent display.
  • the reflective film is a partially reflective and partially transmissive reflective film.
  • the reflective film may include but is not limited to a nanometal film or a dielectric film, and the nanometal film or the dielectric film may realize partial reflection and partial transmission.
  • the reflectivity of the reflective film is greater than 0 and less than 100%.
  • the reflectivity of the reflective film is related to the requirement of the transmittance of the reflective film.
  • the transmittance of the reflective film needs to be greater than 70%, so the transmittance of the reflective film needs to be greater than 70%, and since the sum of the reflectivity and transmittance of the reflective film is equal to 100%, the reflectivity of the reflective film is less than 30% and greater than 0. It can also be understood that the reflective film needs to satisfy both the transmission of ambient light and the reflection of the received image light.
  • the first reflectivity threshold of the reflective film needs to satisfy that the reflected image light can realize 3D image display
  • the second reflectivity threshold of the reflective film needs to satisfy that the transmitted ambient light can meet the application scenario of the display module.
  • the reflectivity of the reflective film can be set between 10% and 30%, that is, the first reflectivity threshold is equal to 10%, and the second reflectivity threshold is equal to 30%. Based on this reflective film, the display module can realize 3D transparent display.
  • the concave surface of the concave cylindrical reflector is filled with a filler, and the refractive index of the filler and the refractive index of the concave cylindrical reflector meet the preset error requirement. Further, the refractive index of the filler is the same as the refractive index of the concave cylindrical reflector.
  • the material of the filler and the material of the concave cylindrical reflector can be the same or different, and this application does not limit this. It can be understood that due to the small thickness of the reflective film, the influence of the reflective film on the propagation direction of the ambient light can be ignored.
  • the concave cylindrical reflector array based on the above structure 1 is used as a reflective layer, and there is no need for a traditional transmissive cylindrical lens array.
  • the display module can be made transparent to ambient light directly by using a concave cylindrical reflector array covered with a reflective surface and filled with a filling layer on the concave surface, thereby realizing 3D transparent display.
  • the reflective layer includes a holographic reflective medium layer.
  • the holographic reflective medium layer has angle selectivity. Only the image light scattered by the scattering layer enters the holographic reflective medium layer from the front to excite the holographic reflective medium layer, that is, only the image light entering the holographic reflective medium layer from the front can be reflected (or diffracted) by the holographic reflective medium layer to the corresponding viewpoint. Most of the ambient light directly passes through the holographic reflective medium layer.
  • the holographic reflective medium layer can be manufactured by holographic exposure. Two implementation methods of manufacturing the holographic reflective medium layer by holographic exposure are shown below.
  • Implementation method 1 is to prepare a holographic reflective medium layer by holographic exposure using a lens array.
  • the second laser beam is vertically incident on the holographic reflective medium layer from one side
  • the third laser beam is incident on the lens array from the other side. After being diffused by the lens array, it is incident on the holographic reflective medium layer.
  • the size of the lens in the lens array is the same as the size of the concave cylindrical reflector in the concave cylindrical reflector array in the display module
  • the focal length of the lens in the lens array is the same as the focal length of the concave cylindrical reflector in the concave cylindrical reflector array in the display module. Based on this, a holographic reflective medium layer is obtained, and the image light scattered by the scattering layer can excite the holographic reflective medium layer, and most of the ambient light passes directly through.
  • the lens array may be a cylindrical lens array.
  • the cylindrical lens array may be arranged in one dimension, and the cylindrical lens array arranged in one dimension may generate parallax and stereoscopic vision in a first direction.
  • the cylindrical lens array may be arranged in two dimensions, and the cylindrical lens array arranged in two dimensions may generate parallax and stereoscopic vision in both the first direction and the second direction.
  • Implementation method 2 is to prepare a holographic reflective medium layer by holographic exposure using a reflector array.
  • the fourth laser beam vertically enters the holographic reflective medium layer from one side, is transmitted to the concave reflector array, and is reflected by the concave reflector array and enters the holographic reflective medium layer again.
  • the size of the concave reflectors in the concave reflector array is the same as the size of the concave cylindrical reflectors in the concave cylindrical reflector array in the display module, and the focal length of the concave reflectors in the concave reflector array is the same as the focal length of the concave cylindrical reflectors in the concave cylindrical reflector array in the display module. Based on this, a holographic reflective medium layer is obtained, and the image light scattered by the scattering layer can excite the holographic reflective medium layer, and most of the ambient light passes directly through.
  • the concave reflector array may be a concave cylindrical reflector array.
  • the arrangement of the cylindrical concave reflector array may refer to the arrangement of the cylindrical lens, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the holographic reflective medium layer is prepared by the third laser beam, which has low requirements on environmental vibration and low exposure cost. Moreover, the holographic reflective medium layer prepared by the holographic exposure method has a small thickness (such as ⁇ 100um), which is conducive to the thinning of the display module.
  • the holographic reflective medium layer manufactured by the above implementation method 1 or implementation method 2 is a volume grating structure with strong angle selectivity.
  • the holographic reflective medium layer is used as a reflective layer, and the optical path of the display module is reproduced as shown in Figure 13.
  • the image light emitted from the projector is scattered to the holographic reflective medium layer through the scattering layer to excite the holographic reflective medium layer, and the first image light is reflected to the first viewpoint and the second image light is reflected to the second viewpoint through the holographic reflective medium layer. Most of the ambient light will directly pass through the holographic reflective medium layer.
  • the present application also provides an optical display system.
  • the optical display system includes an image generation unit and a display module in any of the above embodiments.
  • the image generation unit is used to emit different image lights.
  • the image generation unit emitting the first image light and the second image light is taken as an example
  • the scattering layer included in the display module is taken as an example of Figure 5a above
  • the reflective layer included in the display module is taken as an example of Figure 6 above.
  • the first image light emitted by the image generation unit is converged at the first viewpoint through the display module, and the second image light emitted by the image generation unit is converged at the second viewpoint through the display module.
  • the ambient light can pass through the display module, so that 3D transparent display can be achieved.
  • the image generation unit includes a light source component and a light modulation component.
  • the light source component is used to emit a first light beam and a second light beam.
  • the light modulation component is used to modulate the first light beam to obtain a first image light carrying the first image information, and to modulate the second light beam to obtain a second image light carrying the second image information.
  • the light modulation component can load (or modulate) the first image information on the first light beam to obtain the first image light carrying the image information; and load the second image information on the second light beam to obtain the second image light beam carrying the image information.
  • the first light beam and the second light beam can be called optical carriers.
  • the light source assembly may be, for example, a laser diode (LD), a light-emitting diode (LED), a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), an edge emitting laser (EEL), a diode pumped solid state laser (DPSS), or a fiber laser, etc. It is to be understood that the light source assembly given above is only an example and the present application does not limit this.
  • LD laser diode
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • VCSEL vertical cavity surface emitting laser
  • EEL edge emitting laser
  • DPSS diode pumped solid state laser
  • the light modulation component can be, for example, a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a digital light processing (DLP) display, a laser beam scanning (LBS) display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a micro light emitting diode (micro-LED), an active-matrix organic light emitting diode or an active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED), a flexible light-emitting diode (FLED), a quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED), a reflective display based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), etc.
  • LCOS liquid crystal on silicon
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • DLP digital light processing
  • LBS laser beam scanning
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • micro-LED micro light emitting diode
  • AMOLED active-matrix organic light emitting diode
  • FLED flexible light-emitting diode
  • QLED quantum dot light
  • the above-mentioned image generating unit may be, for example, a projector.
  • the present application provides an image display method, please refer to the introduction of Figure 15.
  • the image display method can be applied to the display module shown in any embodiment of Figures 2 to 13 above, or to the optical display system shown in Figure 14 above. It can also be understood that the image display method can be implemented based on the display module shown in any embodiment of Figures 2 to 13 above, or the image display method can be implemented based on the optical display system shown in Figure 14 above.
  • an image display method provided by the present application includes the following steps:
  • Step 1501 Obtain the coordinates of the first viewpoint and/or the second viewpoint.
  • the coordinates of the first viewpoint are (x 1 , y 1 ), and the coordinates of the second viewpoint are (x 2 , y 2 ).
  • the left and right eyes of the observer may be located at the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint.
  • the coordinates of the first viewpoint and the coordinates of the second viewpoint may be default eye point coordinates.
  • the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint may be the positions of both eyes of the observer, and the position coordinates of both eyes may be obtained by an eye tracker.
  • Eye tracking refers to tracking eye movement by measuring the position of the eye's gaze point or the movement of the eye relative to the head.
  • An eye tracker is a device that can track and measure the position of the eye and eye movement information. The eye tracker can track and output the position coordinates of the observer's eyes in real time.
  • the eye tracker may include, but is not limited to, a camera (such as a driver monitor system (DMS) camera), an infrared transmitter or an infrared detector, etc.
  • DMS driver monitor system
  • Step 1502 Determine K eye reliefs according to the coordinates of the first viewpoint and/or the second viewpoint and the coordinates of K target positions in the display area of the windshield.
  • the K target positions correspond one-to-one to the K rows of the image projected onto the display area.
  • one row of the image projected onto the display area can correspond to one target position on the windshield.
  • the coordinates of the three target positions are: the coordinates of target position 1 (X 1 , Y 1 , Z 1 ), the coordinates of target position 2 (X 2 , Y 2 , Z 2 ), and the coordinates of target position 3 (X 3 , Y 3 , Z 3 ), and these three target positions correspond to three different rows of the image. It can be understood that the coordinates of the target positions of the display area of the windshield can be pre-stored.
  • the eye relief refers to the distance between the first viewpoint (or the second viewpoint) and the target position of the display area of the windshield.
  • the eye relief ER i satisfies the following formula 7. It can be understood that the ER of the same plane is the same, see Figure 16b. Therefore, for the left and right eyes of the observer, the ER is the same.
  • the above formula 7 can use the coordinates of the first viewpoint; if the above step 1501 obtains the coordinates of the second viewpoint, the above formula 7 can use the coordinates of the second viewpoint; if the above step 1501 obtains the coordinates of the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint, the above formula 7 can use the average value of the coordinates of the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint.
  • the eye distance ER 1 , the eye distance ER 2 and the eye distance ER 3 can be determined.
  • the parallax, eye distance, and virtual image distance between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint satisfy the following formula 8.
  • ⁇ P i is the parallax between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint in the i-th row
  • VID is the virtual image distance
  • ER i is the eye distance of the i-th row
  • T is the distance between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint. If the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint are the left and right eyes of the observer, T is the distance between the observer's eyes, which is usually about 65 millimeters (mm).
  • Step 1503 controlling the display of the image by adjusting the parallax of K lines of the image.
  • the parallax ⁇ P 1 between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint in the first row, the parallax ⁇ P 2 between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint in the second row, and the parallax ⁇ P 3 between the first viewpoint and the second viewpoint in the third row can be determined, please refer to Figure 16a. Therefore, the parallax ⁇ P i of each row can be adjusted to observe the non-tilted image.
  • the non-tilted image can be controlled to be displayed. That is, based on the above method, the tilted 3D image displayed due to the tilted windshield can be corrected.
  • the target VID can be input first, and the parallax ⁇ P i can be adjusted according to the above formula 8 and the target VID to realize that the image is displayed at the imaging position required by the user. It can be understood that if the parallax ⁇ P i is increased, the imaging distance will be extended (i.e., the virtual image distance will be increased); if the parallax ⁇ P i is reduced, the imaging distance will be reduced (i.e., the virtual image distance will be reduced).
  • the image display method can be executed by a control module, which can belong to the optical display system or can be independent of the optical display.
  • the control module may include a processor, which may be a circuit having the ability to process signals (or data).
  • the processor may be a circuit having the ability to read and run instructions, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP); in another implementation, the processor may implement certain functions through the logical relationship of a hardware circuit, and the logical relationship of the hardware circuit is fixed or reconfigurable, such as a hardware circuit implemented by a processor as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • the process of the processor loading a configuration document to implement the hardware circuit configuration can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units.
  • the processor can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as a neural network processing unit (NPU), a tensor processing unit (TPU), a deep learning processing unit (DPU), etc.
  • ASIC application processor
  • ISP image signal processor
  • control module can be a domain processor in the vehicle, or it can also be an electronic control unit (ECU) in the vehicle.
  • ECU electronice control unit
  • Figure 17 is a circuit diagram of an optical display system provided by the present application.
  • the circuit in the optical display system mainly includes a processor 1701, an external memory interface 1702, an internal memory 1703, an audio module 1704, a video module 1705, a power module 1706, a wireless communication module 1707, an input/output (I/O) interface 1708, a video interface 1709, a display circuit 1710, a modulator 1711 and a light source 1712, etc.
  • I/O input/output
  • the processor 1701 and its peripheral components such as an external memory interface 1702, an internal memory 1703, an audio module 1704, a video module 1705, a power module 1706, a wireless communication module 1707, an I/O interface 1708, a video interface 1709, and a display circuit 1710 can be connected through a bus.
  • the circuit diagrams shown in the present application do not constitute a specific limitation on the optical display system.
  • the optical display system may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or arrange the components differently.
  • the components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the processor 1701 includes one or more processing units, and the processing unit may be a circuit having the ability to process signals (or data). For details, please refer to the above-mentioned related introduction, which will not be repeated here. Different processing units may be independent devices or integrated in one or more processors.
  • the processor 1701 may also be provided with a memory for storing instructions and data.
  • the memory in the processor 1701 is a cache memory.
  • the memory may store instructions or data that the processor 1701 has just used or cyclically used. If the processor 1701 needs to use the instruction or data again, it may be directly called from the memory. This avoids repeated access, reduces the waiting time of the processor 1701, and thus improves the efficiency of the optical display system.
  • the processor 1701 may execute the stored instructions to perform the above-mentioned imaging method.
  • the optical display system may further include a plurality of input/output (I/O) interfaces 1708 connected to the processor 1701.
  • the I/O interface 1708 may include an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) interface, an inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) interface, a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), a general-purpose input/output (GPIO) interface, a subscriber identity module (SIM) interface, and/or a universal serial bus (USB) interface, etc.
  • I2C inter-integrated circuit
  • I2S inter-integrated circuit sound
  • PCM pulse code modulation
  • UART universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
  • MIPI mobile industry processor interface
  • GPIO general-purpose input/output
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the above-mentioned I/O interface 1708 can be connected to devices such as a mouse, touchpad, keyboard, camera, speaker, microphone, etc., and can also be connected to physical buttons on the optical display system (such as volume buttons, brightness adjustment buttons, power buttons, etc.).
  • the external memory interface 1702 can be used to connect an external memory card, such as a Micro SD card, to expand the storage capacity of the optical display system.
  • the external memory card communicates with the processor 1701 through the external memory interface 1702 to realize the data storage function.
  • the internal memory 1703 can be used to store computer executable program codes, and the executable program codes include instructions.
  • the internal memory 1703 can include a program storage area and a data storage area.
  • the program storage area can store an operating system, an application required for at least one function, etc.
  • the data storage area can store data created during the use of the optical display system, etc.
  • the internal memory 1703 can include a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a universal flash storage (UFS), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a register, a hard disk, a mobile hard disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • the processor 1701 executes various functional applications and data processing of the optical display system by running instructions stored in the internal memory 1703 and/or instructions stored in a memory provided in the processor 1701.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium.
  • the storage medium can also be a component of the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium can be located in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC can be located in an optical display system.
  • the processor and the storage medium can also exist in the optical display system as discrete components.
  • the optical display system can implement audio functions such as music playing and calls through the audio module 1704 and the application processor.
  • the audio module 1704 is used to convert digital audio information into analog audio signal output, and is also used to convert analog audio input into digital audio signals.
  • the audio module 1704 can also be used to encode and decode audio signals, such as playing or recording.
  • the audio module 1704 can be arranged in the processor 1701, or some functional modules of the audio module 1704 can be arranged in the processor 1701.
  • the video interface 1709 can receive external audio and video signals, which can be specifically a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a digital visual interface (DVI), a video graphics array (VGA), a display port (DP), etc.
  • the video interface 1709 can also output video to the outside.
  • the video interface 1709 can receive speed signals and power signals input from peripheral devices, and can also receive external AR video signals.
  • the video interface 1709 can receive video signals input from an external computer or terminal device.
  • the video module 1705 can decode the video input by the video interface 1709, for example, by performing H.264 decoding.
  • the video module can also encode the video collected by the optical display system, for example, by performing H.264 encoding on the video collected by the external camera.
  • the processor 1701 can also decode the video input by the video interface 1709, and then output the decoded image signal to the display circuit 1710.
  • the power module 1706 is used to provide power to the processor 1701 and the light source 1712 according to the input power (e.g., direct current), and the power module 1706 may include a rechargeable battery, which can provide power to the processor 1701 and the light source 1712.
  • the light emitted by the light source 1712 can be transmitted to the modulator 1711 for imaging, thereby forming an image light signal.
  • the wireless communication module 1707 enables the optical display system to communicate wirelessly with the outside world, and can provide wireless local area networks (WLAN) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), Bluetooth (BT), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), infrared (IR) and other wireless communication solutions.
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • BT Bluetooth
  • GNSS global navigation satellite system
  • FM frequency modulation
  • NFC near field communication
  • IR infrared
  • the wireless communication module 1707 can be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module.
  • the wireless communication module 1707 receives electromagnetic waves via an antenna, modulates the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal and performs filtering, and sends the processed signal to the processor 1701.
  • the wireless communication module 1707 can also receive the signal to be sent from the processor 1701, modulate the frequency of the signal, amplify it, and convert it into electromagnetic waves for radiation through the antenna.
  • the video data decoded by the video module 1705 can also be wirelessly received through the wireless communication module 1707 or read from an external memory.
  • the optical display system can receive video data from a terminal device or an in-vehicle entertainment system through the wireless LAN in the vehicle, and the optical display system can also read audio and video data stored in an external memory.
  • the display circuit 1710 and the modulator 1711 are used to display the corresponding image.
  • the video interface 1709 receives an external video source signal, and the video module 1705 decodes and/or digitally processes the video signal and outputs one or more image signals to the display circuit 1710.
  • the display circuit 1710 drives the modulator 1711 to image the incident polarized light according to the input image signal, and then outputs at least two image lights.
  • the processor 1701 can also output one or more image signals to the display circuit 1710.
  • the present application can also provide a terminal device.
  • the terminal device may include the optical display system in any of the above embodiments.
  • the terminal device can be, for example, a vehicle (e.g., an unmanned vehicle, a smart car, an electric car, or a digital car, etc.), a robot, a mapping device, a drone, a smart home device (e.g., a TV, a sweeping robot, an intelligent desk lamp, a sound system, an intelligent lighting system, an electrical control system, a home background music, a home theater system, an intercom system, or a video surveillance, etc.), an intelligent manufacturing device (e.g., an industrial device), an intelligent transportation device (e.g., an AGV, an unmanned transport vehicle, or a truck, etc.), or an intelligent terminal (a mobile phone, a computer, a tablet computer, a PDA, a desktop, a headset, a sound system, a wearable device, a vehicle-
  • a vehicle e.g., an un
  • FIG. 18 is an exemplary functional block diagram of a vehicle provided by the present application.
  • Components coupled to or included in the terminal device 1800 may include a propulsion system 1801, a sensing system 1802, a control system 1803, a computer system 1804, a user interface 1805, and an optical display system 1806.
  • the components of the terminal device 1800 can be configured to work in a manner interconnected with each other and/or with other components coupled to each system.
  • the computer system 1804 can be configured to receive data from the propulsion system 1801, the sensing system 1802, and the control system 1803 and control them.
  • the computer system 1804 can also be configured to generate a display of an image on the user interface 1805 and receive input from the user interface 1805.
  • the propulsion system 1801 can provide power movement for the terminal device 1800.
  • the propulsion system 1801 may include an engine/motor, an energy source, a transmission, and wheels/tires.
  • the propulsion system 1801 may additionally or alternatively include other components in addition to the components shown in FIG. 18. This application does not specifically limit this.
  • the sensing system 1802 may include several sensors for sensing information about the environment in which the terminal device 1800 is located.
  • the sensors of the sensing system 1802 may include, but are not limited to, a global positioning system (GPS), an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a millimeter wave radar, a laser radar, a camera, and an actuator for modifying the position and/or orientation of the sensor.
  • the millimeter wave radar may use radio signals to sense targets in the surrounding environment of the terminal device 1800.
  • the millimeter wave radar may also be used to sense the speed and/or forward direction of the target.
  • the laser radar may use lasers to sense targets in the environment in which the terminal device 1800 is located.
  • the laser radar may include one or more laser sources and one or more detectors, as well as other system components.
  • the camera may be used to capture multiple images of the surrounding environment of the terminal device 1800.
  • the camera may be a still camera or a video camera.
  • the GPS may be any sensor for estimating the geographic location of the terminal device 1800.
  • the GPS may include a transceiver to estimate the position of the terminal device 1800 relative to the earth based on satellite positioning data.
  • the computer system 1804 can be used to use GPS in combination with map data to estimate the road that the terminal device 1800 is traveling.
  • the IMU can be used to sense the position and orientation changes of the terminal device 1800 based on inertial acceleration and any combination thereof.
  • the combination of sensors in the IMU may include, for example, an accelerometer and a gyroscope. In addition, other combinations of sensors in the IMU are also possible.
  • the sensing system 1802 may also include sensors of the internal system of the monitored terminal device 1800 (e.g., in-vehicle air quality monitor, fuel gauge, oil temperature gauge, etc.). Sensor data from one or more of these sensors can be used to detect objects and their corresponding characteristics (position, shape, direction, speed, etc.). This detection and identification is a key function for the safe operation of the terminal device 1800.
  • the sensing system 1802 may also include other sensors. This application does not specifically limit this.
  • the control system 1803 is to control the operation of the terminal device 1800 and its components.
  • the control system 1803 may include various elements, including a steering unit, a throttle, a brake unit, a sensor fusion algorithm, a computer vision system, a route control system, and an obstacle avoidance system.
  • the steering system can be operated to adjust the forward direction of the terminal device 1800.
  • it can be a steering wheel system.
  • the throttle is used to control the operating speed of the engine and thus control the speed of the terminal device 1800.
  • the control system 1803 can additionally or alternatively include other components other than the components shown in Figure 18. This application is not specifically limited to this.
  • the brake unit is used to control the terminal device 1800 to decelerate.
  • the brake unit can use friction to slow down the wheel.
  • the brake unit can convert the kinetic energy of the wheel into electric current.
  • the brake unit can also take other forms to slow down the wheel speed to control the speed of the terminal device 1800.
  • the computer vision system can be operated to process and analyze the images captured by the camera in order to identify the target and/or feature in the surrounding environment of the terminal device 1800.
  • the target and/or feature may include traffic signals, road boundaries and obstacles.
  • the computer vision system may use target recognition algorithms, structure from motion (SFM) algorithms, video tracking, and other computer vision techniques.
  • the computer vision system may be used to map the environment, track targets, estimate the speed of targets, and the like.
  • the route control system is used to determine the driving route of the terminal device 1800.
  • the route control system may combine data from the sensing system 1802, GPS, and one or more predetermined maps to determine the driving route for the terminal device 1800.
  • the obstacle avoidance system is used to identify, evaluate, avoid, or otherwise overcome potential obstacles in the environment of the terminal device 1800.
  • the control system 1803 may include components other than those shown and described in addition or in an alternative manner. Alternatively, a portion of the components shown above may be reduced.
  • the terminal device 1800 may include at least one processor 18041, and further, the computer system 1804 may also include an interface circuit 18042.
  • the processor 18041 executes instructions stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a memory 18043.
  • the computer system 1804 may also be a plurality of computing devices that control individual components or subsystems of the terminal device 1800 in a distributed manner.
  • Processor 18041 may be a circuit having the capability of processing signals (or data). For details, please refer to the above-mentioned related introduction, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 18 functionally illustrates a processor, memory, and other elements of a computer system 1804 in the same block, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the processor and memory may not actually be stored in multiple processors or memories in the same physical housing.
  • the memory may be a hard drive or other storage medium located in a housing different from the computer system 1804.
  • some components such as a steering assembly and a deceleration assembly may each have their own processor that performs only calculations related to the functions specific to the component.
  • the processor may also be remote from the vehicle but may communicate wirelessly with the vehicle.
  • memory 18043 may include instructions (e.g., program logic) that can be read by processor 18041 to perform various functions of terminal device 1800, including the functions described above.
  • Memory 18043 may also include additional instructions, including instructions to send data to, receive data from, interact with, and/or control one or more of propulsion system 1801, sensor system 1802, and control system 1803.
  • memory 18043 may also store data, such as road maps, route information, data detected by sensors, vehicle location, direction, speed, and other such vehicle data, as well as other information. This information can be used by terminal device 1800 and computer system 1804 in autonomous, semi-autonomous, and/or manual modes at terminal device 1800.
  • the memory may refer to the introduction of the internal memory 1703 in FIG. 17 above, which will not be described again here.
  • the user interface 1805 is used to provide information to or receive information from a user of the terminal device 1800.
  • the user interface 1805 may include one or more input/output devices in a set of peripheral devices, and the peripheral devices may include, for example, a wireless communication system, a touch screen, a microphone and/or a speaker, etc.
  • Computer system 1804 may control the functions of terminal device 1800 based on input received from various subsystems (e.g., propulsion system 1801, sensing system 1802, and control system 1803) and from user interface 1805.
  • computer system 1804 may utilize input from control system 1803 in order to control a steering unit to avoid obstacles detected by sensing system 1802 and obstacle avoidance system.
  • computer system 1804 may be operable to provide control over many aspects of terminal device 1800 and its subsystems.
  • the optical display system 1806 can refer to the introduction of any of the above embodiments, which will not be described here in detail. It should be noted that the functions of some components in the optical display system can also be implemented by other subsystems of the vehicle, for example, the controller can also be a component in the control system.
  • one or more of the above components may be installed or associated separately from the terminal device 1800.
  • the memory 18043 may be partially or completely separate from the terminal device 1800.
  • the above components may be communicatively coupled together in a wired and/or wireless manner.
  • terminal device functional framework given in Figure 18 is only an example.
  • the terminal device 1800 may include more, fewer or different systems, and each system may include more, fewer or different components.
  • systems and components shown may be combined or divided in any manner, and this application does not specifically limit this.
  • the method steps in the embodiments of the application can be implemented by hardware or by a processor executing software instructions.
  • the software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and the software modules can be stored in a storage medium.
  • a storage medium please refer to the introduction of the aforementioned memory 18043, which will not be repeated here.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium.
  • the storage medium can also be a component of the processor.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer program or instruction may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer program or instruction may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server or data center to another website site, computer, server or data center by wired or wireless means.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that integrates one or more available media.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium, for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape; it may also be an optical medium, for example, a digital video disc (DVD); it may also be a semiconductor medium, for example, a solid state drive (SSD).
  • a, b or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the front and back associated objects are in an “or” relationship.
  • the character “/” indicates that the front and back associated objects are in a "divided” relationship.
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种显示模组、光学显示系统、终端设备及图像显示方法。可应用于抬头显示设备HUD、近眼显示NED设备、显示器或车载显示屏等领域。其中，显示模组包括散射层和反射层；散射层用于接收来自图像生成单元的不同的图像光，并将不同的图像光散射至反射层的相应位置，图像光携带有图像信息；反射层用于将来自散射层的相应位置的图像光反射至对应的视点、并透射环境光。通过散射层和反射层配合，可以将不同的图像光反射至对应的视点，从而可以形成3D图像。而且，由于反射层还可以透射环境光，因此，基于该显示模组可以实现3D透明显示。

Description

一种显示模组、光学显示系统、终端设备及图像显示方法 技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种显示模组、光学显示系统、终端设备及图像显示方法。
背景技术
随着显示技术的发展，透明显示的应用越来越广泛，透明显示既不会影响用户观察环境光线，又可以显示图像信息。透明显示主要分为主动发光式和投影式。主动发光式如有机发光二极管(organic light emitting diode，OLED)技术。投影式如在风挡或车窗玻璃中添加散射粒子或荧光粉，添加了散射粒子或荧光粉的风挡在光源照射下会发光产生图像，通过控制散射粒子浓度或使散射粒子具有波长选择性，可以使得风挡对环境光的透明度仍然较好，从而实现透明显示。
目前，三维(three dimensional，3D)显示可以给观察者很强的立体逼真感，而且会增加显示景深以及提升显示内容的丰富性。显示装置发出左右眼图像光，左右眼图像光具有不同的偏振态，用户佩戴偏振眼镜，左右眼镜片只允许对应偏振态图像光进入，因此，左右眼观察到不同的图像，经过大脑视觉融合形成3D视觉。
然而，现有3D显示需要借助外部工具(如偏振眼镜)来实现，且无法实现3D透明显示。
发明内容
本申请提供一种显示模组、光学显示系统、终端设备及图像显示方法，用于实现3D透明显示。
第一方面，本申请提供一种显示模组，该显示模组包括散射层和反射层。散射层用于接收来自图像生成单元(picture generation unit，PGU)的不同的图像光，并将不同的图像光散射至反射层的相应位置，其中，图像光携带有图像信息。反射层用于将来自散射层的相应位置的图像光反射至对应的视点、并透射环境光。
基于上述方案，通过散射层和反射层配合，可以将不同的图像光反射至对应的视点，从而可以形成3D图像。进一步，由于反射层还可以透射环境光，因此，基于该显示模组可以实现3D透明显示。
其中，不同的图像光携带的图像信息不同。进一步，不同的图像光的偏折态可以相同也可以不同。
在一种可能的实现方式中，反射层包括凹柱面反射件阵列，凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件靠近散射层的面为凹面，凹面覆盖有反射膜。
通过凹面柱反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件靠近散射层的面为凹面，可以使得基于来自散射层的图像光形成的图像具有视差和立体感。
可以理解的是，在不影响3D透明显示的情况下，凹柱面反射件阵列中可以存在不是凹面的柱面反射件。
在一种可能的实现方式中，靠近散射层的凹面至少在第一平面的投影为弧形，其中， 第一平面例如为水平面。
通过设置靠近散射层的凹面至少在第一平面的投影为弧形，可以使得图像光形成的图像在与第一平面平行的第一方向上具有视差和立体感。
在一种可能的实现方式中，反射膜的反射率大于第一反射率阈值且小于第二反射率阈值。
通过设置反射膜的反射率大于第一反射率阈值且小于第二反射率阈值，可以使得反射膜既可以反射来自散射层的图像光，又可以透射环境光，从而可以实现3D透明显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，反射膜的反射率与反射膜的透射率的需求相关。
通过设置反射膜的反射率与反射膜的透射率的需求相关，可以满足现实模组的应用场景需求。例如，当显示模组应设置于风挡上时，风挡的透射率需大于70％，因此，反射膜的透射率需要大于70％，相应的，反射膜的反射率小于30％且大于0。
在一种可能的实现方式中，反射膜包括纳米金属膜或介质膜。
在一种可能的实现方式中，凹面填充有填充物，填充物的折射率与凹柱面反射件的折射率满足预设误差需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，填充物的折射率与凹柱面反射件的折射率相同。
示例性地，填充物的材料与凹柱面反射件的材料相同。
通过在凹柱面反射件的凹面填充折射率与凹柱面反射件的折射率满足预设误差需求的填充物，可以使得显示模组不影响环境光的传播方向，从而可以实现较好的透明显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，凹柱面反射件阵列为一维阵列，凹柱面反射件阵列中的一个凹柱面反射件对应散射层的N列区域，N列区域用于接收不同的图像光，N为大于1的整数。
通过设置一个凹柱面反射件对应散射层的两列以上的区域，可以使得显示模组产生立体感更强的3D透明显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，凹柱面反射件阵列为二维阵列，凹柱面反射件阵列中的一个凹柱面反射件对应散射层的一个区域。
通过二维凹柱面反射件阵列，图像光形成的图像在第一方向上具有视差和立体感，在第二方向上也具有视差和立体感。
在一种可能的实现方式中，反射层包括全息反射介质层。进一步，全息反射介质层是通过全息曝光的方式制作的。
通过全息反射介质层作为反射层，可以减小显示模组的厚度，从而有助于显示模组的轻薄化。
在一种可能的实现方式中，散射至反射层的相应位置的图像光射入散射层的入射角度属于预设角度范围。
通过设置散射层具有角度选择性，使得散射层只对满足预设角度范围的光线才能产生散射，对于从其它方向射入的环境光是透明的，如此，可以使得显示模组实现3D透明显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，散射层通过全息曝光方式获得的。
通过全息曝光方式制备散射层，曝光时的参考激光与图像生成单元发射的图像光具有相同的视场角和入射角，使得只有具有相同视场角和入射角的图像光可以激发散射层，环境光因为不满足散射层的角度选择条件而直接透射。基于此散射层的显示模组具有较高的透明度。
第二方面，本申请提供一种光学显示系统，该光学显示系统包括图像生成单元以及上述第一方面或第一方面中的任意一种显示模组；图像生成单元用于发射不同的图像光。
在一种可能的实现方式中，图像生成单元发射的不同的图像光的偏振态相同。
示例性的，图像生成单元包括但不限于投影仪。
第三方面，本申请提供一种终端设备，该终端设备包括上述第二方面或第二方面中的任意一种光学显示系统，光学显示系统安装于终端设备上。
上述第二方面和第三方面中任一方面可以达到的技术效果可以参照上述第一方面中有益效果的描述，此处不再重复赘述。
第四方面，本申请提供一种图像显示方法，该方法包括：获取第一视点和/或第二视点的坐标；根据第一视点和/或第二视点的坐标、以及风挡的显示区域的K个目标位置的坐标，确定K个适眼距，K个目标位置与投影到显示区域的图像的K行一一对应，第一视点和第二视点之间的视差、适眼距及虚像距之间满足对应关系；通过调节图像的K行的视差，控制图像的显示。
基于上述方案，由于视差、适眼距及虚像距之间满足对应关系，因此，通过在每行矫正的视差，从而可以使得显示的图像的每行的虚像距相同，进而可以实现控制图像的非倾斜(或称为正立)显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，对应关系满足：
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000001
其中，ΔP i为第i行中第一视点和第二视点之间的视差，T为第一视点和第二视点之间的间距，VID为虚像距，ER i为第i行的适眼距。
第五方面，本申请提供一种芯片，该芯片包括至少一个处理器和接口电路，进一步，可选的，该芯片还可包括存储器，处理器用于执行存储器中存储的计算机程序或指令，使得芯片执行上述第四方面或第四方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
第六方面，本申请提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令被控制装置执行时，使得该控制装置执行上述第四方面或第四方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
第七方面，本申请提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机程序或指令，当该计算机程序或指令被控制装置执行时，使得该控制装置执行上述第四方面或第四方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
附图说明
图1a为本申请提供的一种显示模组应用车辆的前风挡的示意图；
图1b为本申请提供的一种显示模组应用车窗的示意图；
图1c为本申请提供的一种显示模组应用天窗的示意图；
图1d为本申请提供的一种显示模组应用于NED设备的示意图；
图1e为本申请提供的一种显示模组应用于车载显示屏的示意图；
图1f为本申请提供的一种显示模组应用于显示器的示意图；
图2为本申请提供的一种显示模组的结构示意图；
图3a为本申请提供的一种环境光与图像光的关系示意图；
图3b为本申请提供的另一种环境光与图像光的关系示意图；
图4a为本申请提供的一种通过全息曝光技术制作散射层的原理示意图；
图4b为本申请提供的一种散射层再现的原理示意图；
图5a为本申请提供的一种散射层的结构示意图；
图5b为本申请提供的另一种散射层的结构示意图；
图6为本申请提供的一种凹柱面反射件阵列的结构示意图；
图7a为本申请提供的一种凹柱面反射件阵列在第一平面的投影示意图；
图7b为本申请提供的一种凹面在第一平面的投影示意图；
图8为本申请提供的一种凹柱面反射件阵列在第二平面的投影示意图；
图9为本申请提供的一种凹柱面反射件阵列与散射层的区域的对应关系；
图10为本申请提供的另一种凹柱面反射件阵列与散射层的区域的对应关系；
图11为本申请提供的另一种凹柱面反射件阵列的结构示意图；
图12a为本申请提供的一种通过透镜阵列获得全息反射介质层的原理图；
图12b为本申请提供的一种通过反射镜阵列获得全息反射介质层的原理图；
图13为本申请提供的一种显示模组的光路图；
图14为本申请提供的一种光学显示系统架构示意图；
图15为本申请提供的一种图像显示方法的方法流程示意图；
图16a为本申请提供的一种适眼距、虚像距和视差的位置关系示意图；
图16b为本申请提供的一种视差与显示模组的位置关系示意图；
图17为本申请提供的一种光学显示系统的电路示意图；
图18为本申请提供的一种车辆的示例性功能框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
以下，对本申请中的部分用语进行解释说明。需要说明的是，这些解释是为了便于本领域技术人员理解，并不是对本申请所要求的保护范围构成限定。
一、散射
散射是指光通过介质时一部分光偏离原方向传播的现象。偏离原方向的光称为散射光。
二、全息技术
全息技术的第一步是利用干涉原理记录物体光波信息，即拍摄过程；被拍摄物体在激光辐射下形成漫射式的物光束；另一部分激光作为参考光束射到全息底片上，和物光束叠加产生干涉。干涉是指两列或两列以上的波在空间中相遇时发生叠加或抵消从而形成新的波形的现象。把物体光波上各点的相位和振幅转换成空间上变化强度，从而利用干涉条纹间的反差和间隔将物体光波的全部信息记录下来。记录着干涉条纹的底片经过显影、定影等处理后，成为一张全息层(或称为全息照片)。第二步是利用衍射原理再现物体光波信息，这是成像过程。
三、视点
视点是指观察到图像的位置。具体的，视点可以是眼盒中某两个或更多个位置。眼盒通常是指驾驶员的眼睛能够看到全部显示图像的范围，可结合下述图1a。为了适应驾驶员的身高的差异，一般眼盒的大小是130mm×50mm。若驾驶员的眼睛处于眼盒范围内，可以 看到完整且清晰的图像。若驾驶员的眼睛超出眼盒范围，可能会看到图像扭曲、显色错误等，甚至无法看到图像。
四、虚像距(virtual image distance，VID)
虚像距是指视点与图像的中心之间的距离。
五、视差
视差是指从有一定距离(T)的两个视点上观察同一个目标所产生的方向差异。
前文介绍了本申请所涉及到的一些用语，下面介绍本申请可能的应用场景。
在一种可能的应用场景中，本申请提供的显示模组可以设置于车辆的前风挡(倾斜角约为30°～60°)上，与抬头显示设备(head-up device，HUD)结合使用，请参阅图1a。HUD可将形成的图像(称为HUD虚像)投射在驾驶员的前方视野范围，并与真实路面信息融合起来，从而可增强驾驶员对于实际驾驶环境的感知。例如，HUD可以将携带导航信息(如方向箭头、距离、和/或行驶时间等)和/或车辆的状态信息(如行驶速度、行驶里程、转速、温度、油量、和/或车灯状态等信息)的HUD虚像叠加在车辆外的真实环境(如安全车距、周围障碍物、和/或倒车影像等)上，使得驾驶员可获得增强现实的视觉效果。基于此，车辆可以实现增强现实(augmented reality，AR)导航、自适应巡航、车道偏离预警等功能。或者，可以结合高级驾驶辅助系统(advanced driving assistant system，ADAS)的功能，实现车辆的辅助驾驶或智能驾驶等。通常，为了不干扰路况，基于车辆的状态信息形成的HUD虚像的虚像距约在2～3米。为了使得基于导航信息形成的HUD虚像与真实路面能够更好的融合，基于导航信息形成的HUD虚像的虚像距约为7～15米。其中，HUD包括但不限于挡风玻璃(windshield-head up device，W-HUD)、或AR-HUD等。
在又一种可能的应用场景中，本申请提供的显示模组也可以设置于车窗(如侧窗或后窗)上，与图像生成单元配合使用，图像生成单元可以将图像光投影到车窗的显示模组上，请参阅图1b。该应用场景中，图像生成单元例如可以包括但不限于投影仪。
在又一种可能的应用场景中，本申请提供的显示模组也可以设置于天窗上，与图像生成单元配合使用，图像生成单元可以将图像光投影到天窗的显示模组上，请参阅图1c。该应用场景中，图像生成单元例如可以包括但不限于投影仪。
在又一种可能的应用场景中，本申请提供的显示模组也可以集成于近眼显示(near eye display，NED)设备。NED设备例如可以是增强现实(augmented reality，AR)设备或虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备，AR设备可以包括但不限于AR眼镜或AR头盔，VR设备可以包括但不限于VR眼镜或VR头盔。请参阅图1d，以AR眼镜为例示例，用户可佩戴AR眼镜进行游戏、观看视频、参加虚拟会议、或视频购物等。
在又一种可能的应用场景中，本申请提供的显示模组也可以集成于车载显示屏。请参阅图1e，车载显示屏可以安装在车辆的座椅后背或副驾驶位置等，本申请对车载显示屏安装的位置不作限定，图1e是以安装于座椅后背示例的。
在又一种可能的应用场景中，本申请提供的显示模组还可以集成于显示器，作为桌面显示器，请参阅图1f。
应理解，上述给出的可能的应用场景仅是举例，本申请提供的显示模组还可以应用于其它可能显示场景，而不限于上述示例出的场景。
基于上述内容，本申请提供一种显示模组，该显示模组可以实现3D透明显示。
下面结合附图2至附图13，对本申请提出的显示模组进行具体阐述。
如图2所示，为本申请提供的一种显示模组的结构示意图。该显示模组包括散射层和反射层。散射层用于接收来自图像生成单元的不同的图像光，并将不同的图像光散射至反射层的相应位置。图像光携带有图像信息，不同的图像光携带的图像信息可以相同也可以不同，不同的图像光的偏振态可以相同也可以不同。反射层用于将来自散射层的相应位置的图像光反射至对应的视点、以及透射环境光。例如，反射层用于将来自散射层的第一图像光反射至第一视点，第二图像光反射至第二视点。也可以理解为，第一图像光在第一视点汇聚，第二图像光在第二视点汇聚。可以理解的是，图2是以图像生成单元发射第一图像光和第二图像光为例，以第一图像光经散射层和反射层后汇聚于第一视点、第二图像光经散射层和反射层汇聚于第二视点为例示例的。
其中，环境光是指除图像光之外光。一种可能的实现方式中，环境光的传播方向与图像光的传播方向相反，请参阅图3a。另一种可能的实现方式中，环境光的传播方向与图像光的传播方向一致，请参阅图3b。应理解，图3a和图3b所示环境光仅是示例，本申请中的环境光的传播方向也可以是其它可能的方向，对此不作限定。
基于上述显示模组，通过散射层和反射层配合，可以将不同的图像光反射至对应的视点，从而可以形成3D图像。而且，由于反射层还可以透射环境光，因此，基于该显示模组可以实现3D透明显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，图像生成单元可以包括但不限于投影仪。为了便于方案的说明，下文中以图像生成单元为投影仪为例介绍。
下面对图2所示的各个功能结构分别进行介绍说明，以给出示例性的具体实现方案。
一、散射层
在一种可能的实现方式中，散射层具有角度选择性，只有以特定入射角射入的光线才能产生散射，对于从其它方向射入的环境光是透明的。具体的，散射层用于将入射角满足预设角度范围的图像光进行散射。换言之，散射至反射层的相应位置的图像光射入散射层的入射角度属于预设角度范围。
其中，散射层可以通过全息曝光方式制作，请参阅图4a，第一激光束透过传统散射器(如毛玻璃)后作为物光，参考激光束通过半透半反镜与物光在全息记录层上进行干涉。参考激光束的视场角(或称为光锥角)与投影仪出射的图像光的视场角相同，参考激光束射入散射层的入射角等于从投影仪发射的图像光射入散射层的入射角。基于此，获得的全息记录层即可作为显示的模组的散射层。
示例性的，请参阅图4b，投影仪发射的图像光的形成的视场角为ω，中心图像光射入散射层的入射角为θ，根据中心图像光射入散射层的入射角θ、图像光的视场角ω和相邻图像光之间的角度间隔，可以确定出各个图像光射入散射层的入射角。基于此，结合图4a，在通过全息曝光技术制作散射层时，控制参考激光束的形成的视场角为ω，通过调节半透半反镜，使得参考激光束的中心激光束射入全息记录层的入射角为θ。
通过全息曝光的方式作为散射层，曝光时参考激光束具有与投影仪相同的光锥角和入射角，使得只有具有相同光锥角和入射角的图像光可以激发散射层，而环境光因为不满足角度选择条件而直接透射。相比传统散射器，该散射层的透明度更高。
需要说明的是，上述给出的通过全息曝光方式制作散射层仅是示例，本申请中的散射层也可以通过其它可能的方式制作，例如，通过掺杂散射粒子、微纳结构结合相位补偿层 等方式获得散射层，本申请对此不作限定。
请参阅图5a，为本申请提供的一种散射层的结构示意图。该示例中以来自投影仪的图像光包括第一图像光和第二图像光为例。散射层包括第一区域和第二区域。其中，第一区域和第二区域是基于接收到的图像光划分的，图5a中以不同的填充表示。第一区域用于对第一图像光进行散射，第二区域用于对第二图像光进行散射。具体的，一个第一图像光对应一个第一区域，一个第二图像光对应一个第二区域。
请参阅图5b，为本申请提供的另一种散射层的结构示意图。该示例中以来自投影仪的图像光包括第一图像光、第二图像光、第三图像光和第四图像光为例。散射层以包括第一区域、第二区域、第三区域和第四区域为例。其中，第一区域、第二区域、第三区域和第四区域是基于接收到的图像光划分的，图5b中以不同的填充表示。一个第一图像光对应一个第一区域，一个第二图像光对应一个第二区域、一个第三图像光对应一个第三区域，一个第四图像光对应一个第四区域。第一区域用于对第一图像光进行散射，第二区域用于对第二图像光进行散射，第三区域用于对第三图像光进行散射，第四区域用于对第四图像光进行散射。
可以理解的是，上述图5a和图5b所示的散射层可以基于上述图4a所示的全息曝光方式制作，或者也可以基于掺杂散射粒子或微纳结构等方式制作，本申请对此不作限定。通常，散射层包括的各个区域的大小可以是相同的。
二、反射层
在一种可能的实现方式中，反射层用于将来自所述散射层的相应位置的图像光反射至对应的视点、并透射环境光。
在一种可能的实现方式中，凹柱面反射件阵列可以通过注塑或纳米压印等方式制作。下面示例性的示出了两种可能的反射层的结构。
结构一，反射层包括凹柱面反射件阵列。
基于凹柱面反射件阵列是一维阵列或二维阵列，可分如下两种情形介绍。
情形1，凹柱面反射件阵列为一维凹柱面反射件阵列。
请参阅图6，为本申请提供的一种凹柱面反射件阵列的结构示意图。该凹柱面反射件阵列为一维凹柱面反射件阵列。该凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件靠近散射层的面为凹面。需要说明的是，在不影响3D透明显示的情况下，凹柱面反射件阵列中可以存在不是凹面的反射件。其中，凹面在第一平面(xoy平面)的投影为弧形，请参阅图7a。弧形的矢高或坐标(x，y)可用下述公式1表示。
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000002
其中，c为曲率，k为形状系数,(k<-1时弧形为双曲线，k＝-1时为抛物线，-1<k<0时为椭圆，k＝0时为圆形，k>0时为扁椭圆)。
或者，弧形的矢高或x坐标可用下述公式2表示，即可以在公式1的基础上附加多项式项：
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000003
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000004
为多项式项，A为多项式的系数，N为多项式的阶数(即最大的幂级数)。
基于此，弧形包括但不限于抛物线形、圆弧形、椭圆弧形、双曲线弧形或其它可能的弧形，例如弧形的边缘包括锯齿状(请参阅图7b)。也可以理解为，凹面在第一平面的投影可以是规则的弧形或者也可以是不规则的弧形，本申请对此不作限定。例如，弧形的口径通常在100微米(μm)～10毫米(mm)之间。
进一步，该一维凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件在第二平面(xoz平面)(例如竖直面)为柱状结构，请参阅图8。其中，第二平面与第一平面垂直，第一平面可以为水平面，第二平面为竖直面。平行于第一平面的方向称为第一方向，平行于第二平面的方向称为第二方向。基于该一维凹柱面反射件阵列，图像光形成的图像在第一方向上具有视差和立体感，在第二方向上无立体感。
具体的，一维凹柱面反射件阵列中的一个凹柱面反射件对应散射层的至少两列区域。可以理解的是，一个凹柱面反射件对应散射层的几列区域与投影仪发射的图像光相关。请参阅图9，投影仪发射第一图像光和第二图像光，一个凹柱面反射件对应散射层的一列第一区域和一列第二区域，该示例中的散射层可以参见上述图4a的介绍，散射层的第一区域和第二区域相对凹柱面反射件的凹面的位置不同，经散射层的第一区域的第一图像光和经过散射层的第二区域的第二图像光会被散射到凹柱面反射件的凹面的相应位置，经凹柱面反射件的凹面的相应位置将第一图像光反射至第一视点、并将第二图像光反射至第二视点。
请参阅图10，投影仪发射第一图像光、第二图像光、第三图像光和第四图像光，一个凹柱面反射件对应散射层的一列第一区域、一列第二区域、一列第三区域和一列第四区域，散射层的第一区域、第二区域、第三区域和第四区域相对凹柱面反射件的凹面的位置不同，经散射层的第一区域的第一图像光、经过散射层的第二区域的第二图像光、经散射层的第三区域的第三图像光、经过散射层的第四区域的第四图像光会被散射到凹柱面反射件的凹面的相应位置，该示例中的散射层可以参见上述图4b的介绍，经凹柱面反射件的凹面的相应位置将第一图像光反射至第一视点、将第二图像光反射至第二视点、将第三图像光反射至第三视点、以及将第四图像光反射至第四视点。通过设置一个凹柱面反射件对应散射层的四列区域，可以使得显示模组产生立体感更强的3D透明显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，凹柱面反射件阵列、散射层及视点之间需要满足下述公式3和公式4。
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000006
其中，f表示凹柱面反射件的焦距，凹柱面反射件的焦距等于散射层到凹柱面反射件阵列的距离，W p表示散射层的第一区域或第二区域的在第一平面(即xoy平面)的长度，p表示凹柱面反射件的口径，L表示第一视点和第二视点到显示模组的距离，T表示第一视点和第二视点之间的间距。可以理解的是，第一视点和第二视点可以是观察者左右眼的位置。
情形2，凹柱面反射件阵列为二维凹柱面反射件阵列。
如图11所示，为本申请提供的另一种凹柱面反射件阵列的结构示意图。该凹柱面反射件阵列为二维凹柱面反射件阵列。该二维凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件靠近散射层的凹面在第一平面的投影为弧形，在第二平面的投影也为弧形。该凹面可以是抛物面、球 面、椭球面、双曲面等。该凹面的矢高或x坐标可用下述公式5表示。
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000007
其中，c为曲率，k为形状系数：k<-1时弧形为双曲面，k＝-1时为抛物面，-1<k<0时为椭球面，k＝0时为球面，k>0时为扁椭球面。
或者，该凹面的矢高或坐标(x，y，z)可用下述公式6表示。即可以在公式5的基础上可能附加多项式项：
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000008
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000009
为多项式，A为多项式的系数，N为多项式的阶数(即最大的幂级数)。
基于此，凹面例如可以是球面、椭球面、双曲面，或其它可能的面型，本申请对此不作限定。
通过上述二维凹柱面反射件阵列，图像光形成的图像在第一方向上具有视差和立体感，在第二方向上也具有视差和立体感。
在一种可能的实现方式中，凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件的凹面覆盖有反射膜，反射膜的反射率大于第一反射率阈值且小于第二反射率阈值，以使得反射膜既可以反射来自散射层的图像光，又可以透射环境光，从而可以实现3D透明显示。也可以理解为，反射膜为部分反射部分透射的反射膜。示例性的，反射膜可以包括但不限于纳米金属膜或介质膜，纳米金属膜或介质膜可以实现部分反射部分透射。例如，反射膜的反射率大于0且小于100％。
进一步，可选的，反射膜的反射率与反射膜的透射率的需求相关。当显示模组应用于不同的场景时，对反射膜的透射率有一定的要求。例如，当显示模组设置于风挡上时，风挡的透射率需大于70％，因此，反射膜的透射率需要大于70％，又由于反射膜的反射率与透射率之和等于100％，反射膜的反射率小于30％且大于0。也可以理解为，反射膜需要满足既可以透射环境光又可以反射接收到的图像光。换言之，反射膜的第一反射率阈值需要满足反射的图像光可以实现3D图像显示，反射膜的第二反射率阈值需要满足透射的环境光可以满足显示模组的应用场景。示例性地，反射膜的反射率可以设置在10％～30％之间，即第一反射率阈值等于10％，第二反射率阈值等于30％。基于此反射膜，显示模组可以实现3D透明显示。
为了不影响环境光的传播方向，凹柱面反射件的凹面填充有填充物，填充物的折射率与凹柱面反射件的折射率满足预设误差需求。进一步，填充物的折射率与凹柱面反射件的折射率相同。其中，填充物的材料与凹柱面反射件的材料可以相同也可以不同，本申请对此不作限定。可以理解的是，由于反射膜的厚度较小，因此，反射膜对环境光的传播方向的影响可以忽略不计。
基于上述结构一的凹柱面反射件阵列作为反射层，不需要传统的透射式柱透镜阵列，可以直接通过在凹面覆盖有反射面和填充有填充层的凹柱面反射件阵列，使得显示模组对环境光透明，从而可以实现3D透明显示。
结构二，反射层包括全息反射介质层。
在一种可能的实现方式中，全息反射介质层具有角度选择性。只有经散射层散射的图像光从正面射入全息反射介质层才能激发全息反射介质层，即只有从正面射入全息反射介质层的图像光才可以被全息反射介质层反射(或衍射)到对应的视点。绝大多数的环境光直接透过全息反射介质层。
其中，全息反射介质层可以通过全息曝光方式制作的。下面示例性的示出了两种通过全息曝光方式制备全息反射介质层的实现方式。
实现方式1，采用透镜阵列通过全息曝光方式制备全息反射介质层。
请参阅图12a，第二激光束从一侧垂直射入全息反射介质层，第三激光束从另一侧射入透镜阵列，经透镜阵列扩散后射入全息反射介质层。其中，透镜阵列中的透镜的尺寸与显示模组中的凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件的尺寸相同，透镜阵列中的透镜的焦距与显示模组中的凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件的焦距相同。基于此获得全息反射介质层，散射层散射的图像光可以激发全息反射介质层，绝大多数的环境光直接透过。
在一种可能的实现方式中，透镜阵列可以是柱透镜阵列。柱透镜阵列可以是一维排列的，一维排列的柱透镜阵列可以在第一方向产生视差和立体视觉。或者，柱透镜阵列也可以是二维排列的，二维排列的柱透镜阵列可以在第一方向和第二方向均产生视差和立体视觉。
实现方式2，采用反射镜阵列通过全息曝光方式制备全息反射介质层。
请参阅图12b，第四激光束从一侧垂直入射全息反射介质层，透射至凹面反射镜阵列，经凹面反射镜阵列反射再次射入全息反射介质层。其中，凹面反射镜阵列中的凹面反射镜的尺寸与显示模组中的凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件的尺寸相同，凹面反射镜阵列中的凹面反射镜的焦距与显示模组中的凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件的焦距相同。基于此获得全息反射介质层，散射层散射的图像光可以激发全息反射介质层，绝大多数的环境光直接透过。
其中，凹面反射镜阵列可以是凹柱面凹面反射镜阵列。关于柱面凹面反射镜阵列的排列方式可参见上述柱透镜的排列方式，此处不再赘述。
基于上述实现方式2，通过第三激光束来制备全息反射介质层，对环境的振动要求较低，曝光成本较低。而且，通过全息曝光方式制备出全息反射介质层厚度较小(如＜100um)，从而有利于显示模组的轻薄化。
通过上述实现方式1或实现方式2制作出的全息反射介质层为体光栅结构，具有较强的角度选择性，将该全息反射介质层作为反射层，显示模组的光路再现如图13。从投影仪出射的图像光经散射层散射至全息反射介质层以激发全息反射介质层，经全息反射介质层将第一图像光反射至第一视点、并将第二图像光反射至第二视点，大部分的环境光会直接透过全息反射介质层。
基于上述描述的显示模组的结构和功能原理，本申请还提供一种光学显示系统。请参阅图14，该光学显示系统包括图像生成单元和上述任一实施例中的显示模组。其中，图像生成单元用于发射不同的图像光。该示例中以图像生成单元发射第一图像光和第二图像光为例，显示模组包括的散射层以上述图5a为例，显示模组包括的反射层以上述图6为例，具体可参见前述相关介绍，此处不再赘述。图像生成单元发射的第一图像光经显示模组汇 聚在第一视点，图像生成单元发射的第二图像光经显示模组汇聚在第二视点，环境光可以透过显示模组，从而可以实现3D透明显示。
在一种可能的实现方式中，图像生成单元包括光源组件和光调制组件。光源组件用于发射第一光束和第二光束。光调制组件用于对第一光束进行调制得到携带第一图像信息的第一图像光，以及对第二光束进行调制得到携带第二图像信息的第二图像光。具体的，光调制组件可将第一图像信息加载(或称为调制)于第一光束，得到携带图像信息的第一图像光；将第二图像信息加载于第二光束得到携带图像信息的第二图像光束。其中，第一光束和第二光束可以称为光载波。
示例性的，光源组件例如可以是激光二极管(laser diode，LD)、发光二级管(light-emitting diode，LED)、垂直腔面发射激光器(vertical cavity surface emitting laser，VCSEL)、边缘发射激光器(edge emitting laser，EEL)、全固态半导体激光器(diode pumped solid state laser，DPSS)、或光纤激光器等。可以理解的是，上述给出的光源组件仅是示例，本申请对此不作限定。光调制组件例如可以是硅基液晶(liquid crystal on silicon，LCOS)显示屏、液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)、数字光处理(digital light procession，DLP)显示器、激光线扫描(laser beam scanning，LBS)显示器、有机发光二极管(organic light emitting diode，OLED)、微型发光二极管(micro light emitting diode，micro-LED)、有源矩阵有机发光二极体或主动矩阵有机发光二极体(active-matrix organic light emitting diode，AMOLED)、柔性发光二极管(flex light-emitting diode，FLED)、量子点发光二极管(quantum dot light emitting diodes，QLED)、基于字微镜器件(digital micro-mirror device，DMD)的反射式显示屏等。需要说明的是，上述给出的光调制组件仅是示例，本申请对此不作限定，其它可以对第一光束和第二光束进行图像信息调制的组件也在本申请的保护范围。
示例性的，上述图像生成单元例如可以是投影仪。
基于上述内容和相同的构思，本申请提供一种图像显示方法，请参阅图15的介绍。该图像显示方法可应用于上述图2至图13任一实施例所示的显示模组、或应用于上述图14所示的光学显示系统。也可以理解为，可以基于上述图2至图13任一实施例所示的显示模组来实现图像显示方法，或者，可以基于上述图14所示的光学显示系统来实现图像显示方法。
如图15所示，为本申请提供的一种图像显示方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1501，获取第一视点和/或第二视点的坐标。
例如，第一视点的坐标(x 1，y 1)，第二视点的坐标(x 2，y 2)。示例性的，观察者的左右眼的可以位于第一视点和第二视点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一视点的坐标和第二视点的坐标可以默认的眼点坐标。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，第一视点和第二视点可以是观察者的双眼位置，可以通过眼跟踪器获取双眼的位置坐标。眼跟踪是指通过测量眼睛的注视点的位置或者眼球相对头部的运动而实现对眼球运动的跟踪。眼跟踪器是一种能够跟踪测量眼球位置及眼球运动信息的一种设备。眼跟踪器可以实时跟踪并输出观察者的双眼的位置坐标。示例性的，眼跟踪器例如可以包括但不限于摄像头(如驾驶员监控系统(driver monitor system，DMS)摄像头)、红外线发射器或红外线探测器等。
步骤1502，根据第一视点和/或第二视点的坐标、以及风挡的显示区域的K个目标位 置的坐标，确定K个适眼距。
其中，K个目标位置与投影到显示区域的图像的K行一一对应。换言之，投影到显示区域的图像的一行可以对应风挡的一个目标位置。请参阅图16a，以风挡上的3个目标位置(目标位置1、目标位置2和目标位置3)为例，三个目标位置的坐标分别为：目标位置1的坐标(X 1，Y 1，Z 1)、目标位置2的坐标(X 2，Y 2，Z 2)和目标位置3的坐标(X 3，Y 3，Z 3)，这三个目标位置对应图像不同的三行。可以理解的是，风挡的显示区域的目标位置的坐标可以是预先存储的。
其中，适眼距是指第一视点(或第二视点)与风挡的显示区域的目标位置之间的距离。适眼距ER i满足下述公式7。可以理解的是，同一平面的ER是相同的，请参阅图16b。因此，对于观察者的左右眼来说，ER是相同的。
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000010
可以理解的是，若上述步骤1501获取的是第一视点的坐标，上述公式7可以采用第一视点的坐标；若上述步骤1501获取的是第二视点的坐标，上述公式7可以采用第二视点的坐标；若上述步骤1501获取的是第一视点和第二视点的坐标，上述公式7可以采用第一视点和第二视点的坐标平均值。
基于上述公式7，可以确定出适眼距ER 1、适眼距ER 2和适眼距ER 3。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一视点和第二视点之间的视差、适眼距及虚像距之间满足下述公式8。
Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-000011
其中，ΔP i为第i行中第一视点和第二视点之间的视差，VID为虚像距，ER i为第i行的适眼距，T为第一视点和第二视点之间的间距。若第一视点和第二视点为观察者的左右眼，T则为观察者的眼间距，通常约为65毫米(mm)。
步骤1503，通过调节图像的K行的视差，控制图像的显示。
由于风挡是倾斜的，观察者看到的图像也是倾斜的，为了观察到非倾斜图像，需要每行对应的虚像距VID是相同的。基于上述公式8，可以确定出第一行中的第一视点和第二视点的视差ΔP 1，第二行中的第一视点和第二视点的视差ΔP 2，第3行中第一视点和第二视点的视差ΔP 3，请参阅图16a。因此，可以通过调节每行的视差ΔP i，以观察到非倾斜图像。
基于上述步骤1501至步骤1503，通过调整每行的视差，可以控制显示非倾斜的图像。也就是说，基于上述方法，可以将因倾斜风挡造成显示的倾斜3D图像的矫正。
在一种可能的实现方式中，若用户需要调节成像的位置，可以先输入目标VID，根据上述公式8和目标VID，调节视差ΔP i以实现将图像显示在用户需要的成像的位置。可以理解的是，如果增大视差ΔP i，则会拉远成像距离(即增大虚像距)；如果减小视差ΔP i，则会减小成像距离(即减小虚像距)。
该图像显示方法可由控制模组执行，控制模组可以属于光学显示系统，或者也可以是独立于光学显示。示例性的，控制模组可以包括处理器，处理器可以是一种具有信号(或数据)的处理能力的电路，在一种实现中，处理器可以是具有指令读取与运行能力的电路，例如中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)、微处理器、图形处理器(graphics processing unit，GPU)(可以理解为一种微处理器)、或数字信号处理器(digital singnal processor，DSP)等；在另一种实现中，处理器可以通过硬件电路的逻辑关系实现一定功能，该硬件 电路的逻辑关系是固定的或可以重构的，例如处理器为专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)或可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device，PLD)实现的硬件电路，例如现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)。在可重构的硬件电路中，处理器加载配置文档，实现硬件电路配置的过程，可以理解为处理器加载指令，以实现以上部分或全部单元的功能的过程。此外，处理器还可以是针对人工智能设计的硬件电路，其可以理解为一种ASIC，例如神经网络处理单元(neural network processing pnit，NPU)张量处理单元(tensor processing unit，TPU)、深度学习处理单元(deep learning processing unit，DPU)等。例如还可以是应用处理器(application processor，AP)、图像信号处理器(image signal processor，ISP)、或者其它可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件，硬件部件或者其任意组合等。
当该光学显示系统属于车辆时，该控制模组可以是车辆中的域处理器，或者也可以是车辆中的电子控制单元(electronic control unit，ECU)等。
基于上述内容，图17是本申请提供的一种光学显示系统的电路示意图。该光学显示系统中的电路主要包括处理器1701，外部存储器接口1702，内部存储器1703，音频模块1704，视频模块1705，电源模块1706，无线通信模块1707，输入/输出(input/output，I/O)接口1708、视频接口1709、显示电路1710、调制器1711和光源1712等。其中，处理器1701与其周边的元件，例如外部存储器接口1702，内部存储器1703，音频模块1704，视频模块1705，电源模块1706，无线通信模块1707，I/O接口1708、视频接口1709、显示电路1710可以通过总线连接。
需要说明的是，本申请示意的电路图并不构成对光学显示系统的具体限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，光学显示系统可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。图示的部件可以以硬件，软件或软件和硬件的组合实现。
其中，处理器1701包括一个或多个处理单元，处理单元可以是一种具有信号(或数据)的处理能力的电路，具体可参见前述相关介绍，此处不再重复赘述。其中，不同的处理单元可以是独立的器件，也可以集成在一个或多个处理器中。
处理器1701中还可以设置存储器，用于存储指令和数据。在一些实施例中，处理器1701中的存储器为高速缓冲存储器。该存储器可以保存处理器1701刚用过或循环使用的指令或数据。如果处理器1701需要再次使用该指令或数据，可从存储器中直接调用。避免了重复存取，减少了处理器1701的等待时间，因而提高了光学显示系统的效率。其中，处理器1701可以执行存储的指令，执行上述成像方法。
在一些实施例中，光学显示系统还可以包括多个连接到处理器1701的输入输出(input/output，I/O)接口1708。I/O接口1708可以包括集成电路(inter-integrated circuit，I2C)接口，集成电路内置音频(inter-integrated circuit sound，I2S)接口，脉冲编码调制(pulse code modulation，PCM)接口，通用异步收发传输器(universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter，UART)接口，移动产业处理器接口(mobile industry processor interface，MIPI)，通用输入输出(general-purpose input/output，GPIO)接口，用户标识模块(subscriber identity module，SIM)接口，和/或通用串行总线(universal serial bus，USB)接口等。上述I/O接口1708可以连接鼠标、触摸板、键盘、摄像头、扬声器/喇叭、麦克风等设备，也可以连接光学显示系统上 的物理按键(例如音量键、亮度调节键、开关机键等)。
外部存储器接口1702可以用于连接外部存储卡，例如Micro SD卡，实现扩展光学显示系统的存储能力。外部存储卡通过外部存储器接口1702与处理器1701通信，实现数据存储功能。
内部存储器1703可以用于存储计算机可执行程序代码，可执行程序代码包括指令。内部存储器1703可以包括存储程序区和存储数据区。其中，存储程序区可存储操作系统，至少一个功能所需的应用程序等。存储数据区可存储光学显示系统使用过程中所创建的数据等。此外，内部存储器1703可以包括随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、闪存、通用闪存存储器(universal flash storage，UFS)、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)、寄存器、硬盘、移动硬盘、CD-ROM或者本领域熟知的任何其它形式的存储介质中。处理器1701通过运行存储在内部存储器1703的指令，和/或存储在设置于处理器1701中的存储器的指令，执行光学显示系统的各种功能应用以及数据处理。一种示例性的存储介质耦合至处理器，从而使处理器能够从该存储介质读取信息，且可向该存储介质写入信息。另一种示例中，存储介质也可以是处理器的组成部分。处理器和存储介质可以位于ASIC中。另外，该ASIC可以位于光学显示系统中。当然，处理器和存储介质也可以作为分立组件存在于光学显示系统中。
光学显示系统可以通过音频模块1704以及应用处理器等实现音频功能。例如音乐播放，通话等。
音频模块1704用于将数字音频信息转换成模拟音频信号输出，也用于将模拟音频输入转换为数字音频信号。音频模块1704还可以用于对音频信号编码和解码，例如进行放音或录音。在一些实施例中，音频模块1704可以设置于处理器1701中，或将音频模块1704的部分功能模块设置于处理器1701中。
视频接口1709可以接收外部输入的音视频信号，其具体可以为高清晰多媒体接口(high definition multimedia interface，HDMI)，数字视频接口(digital visual interface，DVI)，视频图形阵列(video graphics array，VGA)，显示端口(display port，DP)等，视频接口1709还可以向外输出视频。当光学显示系统作为抬头显示使用时，视频接口1709可以接收周边设备输入的速度信号、电量信号，还可以接收外部输入的AR视频信号。当光学显示系统包括投影仪使用时，视频接口1709可以接收外部电脑或终端设备输入的视频信号。
视频模块1705可以对视频接口1709输入的视频进行解码，例如进行H.264解码。视频模块还可以对光学显示系统采集到的视频进行编码，例如对外接的摄像头采集到的视频进行H.264编码。此外，处理器1701也可以对视频接口1709输入的视频进行解码，然后将解码后的图像信号输出到显示电路1710。
电源模块1706用于根据输入的电力(例如直流电)为处理器1701和光源1712提供电源，电源模块1706中可以包括可充电电池，可充电电池可以为处理器1701和光源1712提供电源。光源1712发出的光可以传输到调制器1711进行成像，从而形成图像光信号。
无线通信模块1707可以使得光学显示系统与外界进行无线通信，其可以提供无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)(如无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)网络)，蓝牙(bluetooth，BT)，全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GNSS)，调频(frequency  modulation，FM)，近距离无线通信技术(near Field communication，NFC)，红外技术(infrared，IR)等无线通信的解决方案。无线通信模块1707可以是集成至少一个通信处理模块的一个或多个器件。无线通信模块1707经由天线接收电磁波，将电磁波信号调频以及滤波处理，将处理后的信号发送到处理器1701。无线通信模块1707还可以从处理器1701接收待发送的信号，对其进行调频，放大，经天线转为电磁波辐射出去。
另外，视频模块1705进行解码的视频数据除了通过视频接口1709输入之外，还可以通过无线通信模块1707以无线的方式接收或从外部存储器中读取，例如光学显示系统可以通过车内的无线局域网从终端设备或车载娱乐系统接收视频数据，光学显示系统还可以读取外部存储器中存储的音视频数据。
显示电路1710和调制器1711用于显示对应的图像。在本实施例中，视频接口1709接收外部输入的视频源信号，视频模块1705进行解码和/或数字化处理后输出一路或多路图像信号至显示电路1710，显示电路1710根据输入的图像信号驱动调制器1711将入射的偏振光进行成像，进而输出至少两路图像光。此外，处理器1701也可以向显示电路1710输出一路或多路图像信号。
示例性地，光学显示系统可以包括但不限于HUD和风挡形成的系统、显示器、车载显示屏、AR设备、或VR设备等，其中，AR设备可以包括但不限于AR眼镜或AR头盔等，VR设备可以包括但不限于VR眼镜或VR头盔等。
基于上述描述的光学显示系统的结构和功能原理，本申请还可以提供一种终端设备。该终端设备可包括上述任一实施例中的光学显示系统。示例性地，该终端设备例如可以是车辆(例如无人车、智能车、电动车、或数字汽车等)、机器人、测绘设备、无人机、智能家居设备(例如电视、扫地机器人、智能台灯、音响系统、智能照明系统、电器控制系统、家庭背景音乐、家庭影院系统、对讲系统、或视频监控等)、智能制造设备(例如工业设备)、智能运输设备(例如AGV、无人运输车、或货车等)、或智能终端(手机、计算机、平板电脑、掌上电脑、台式机、耳机、音响、穿戴设备、车载设备、虚拟现实设备、增强现实设备等)等。
以终端设备为车辆为例，请参阅图18，为本申请提供的一种车辆的示例性功能框图。耦合到终端设备1800或包括在终端设备1800中的组件可以包括推进系统1801、传感系统1802、控制系统1803、计算机系统1804、用户接口1805以及光学显示系统1806。终端设备1800的组件可以被配置为以与彼此互连和/或与耦合到各系统的其它组件互连的方式工作。例如，计算机系统1804可以被配置为从推进系统1801、传感系统1802和控制系统1803等接收数据并对它们进行控制。计算机系统1804还可以被配置为在用户接口1805上生成图像的显示并从用户接口1805接收输入。
推进系统1801可以为终端设备1800提供动力运动。推进系统1801可以包括引擎/发动机、能量源、传动装置(transmission)和车轮/轮胎。另外，推进系统1801可以额外地或可替换地包括除了图18所示出的组件以外的其他组件。本申请对此不做具体限定。
传感系统1802可以包括用于感测关于终端设备1800所位于的环境的信息等的若干个传感器。示例性的，传感系统1802的传感器可以包括但不限于全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)、惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit，IMU)、毫米波雷达、激光雷达、相机以及用于修改传感器的位置和/或朝向的制动器。毫米波雷达可利用无线电信号来感测终端设备1800的周边环境内的目标。在一些实施例中，除了感测目标以外， 毫米波雷达还可用于感测目标的速度和/或前进方向。激光雷达可利用激光来感测终端设备1800所位于的环境中的目标。在一些实施例中，激光雷达可包括一个或多个激光源以及一个或多个探测器，以及其他系统组件。相机可用于捕捉终端设备1800的周边环境的多个图像。相机可以是静态相机或视频相机。在一些实施例中，GPS可以为用于估计终端设备1800的地理位置的任何传感器。为此，GPS可以包括收发器，基于卫星定位数据估计终端设备1800相对于地球的位置。在一些可能的示例中，计算机系统1804可以用于结合地图数据使用GPS来估计终端设备1800行驶的道路。IMU可以用于基于惯性加速度及其任意组合来感测终端设备1800的位置和朝向变化。在一些示例中，IMU中传感器的组合可包括例如加速度计和陀螺仪。另外，IMU中传感器的其它组合也是可能的。
可以理解的是，传感系统1802还可包括被监视终端设备1800的内部系统的传感器(例如，车内空气质量监测器、燃油量表、机油温度表等)。来自这些传感器中的一个或多个的传感器数据可用于检测对象及其相应特性(位置、形状、方向、速度等)。这种检测和识别是终端设备1800的安全操作的关键功能。传感系统1802还可以包括其它传感器。本申请对此不做具体限定。
控制系统1803为控制终端设备1800及其组件的操作。控制系统1803可包括各种元件，其中包括转向单元、油门、制动单元、传感器融合算法、计算机视觉系统、路线控制系统以及障碍物避免系统。转向系统可操作来调整终端设备1800的前进方向。例如在一个实施例中可以为方向盘系统。油门用于控制引擎的操作速度并进而控制终端设备1800的速度。控制系统1803可以额外地或可替换地包括除了图18所示出的组件以外的其他组件。本申请对此不做具体限定。制动单元用于控制终端设备1800减速。制动单元可使用摩擦力来减慢车轮。在其他实施例中，制动单元可将车轮的动能转换为电流。制动单元也可采取其他形式来减慢车轮转速从而控制终端设备1800的速度。计算机视觉系统可以操作来处理和分析由相机捕捉的图像以便识别终端设备1800周边环境中的目标和/或特征。目标和/或特征可包括交通信号、道路边界和障碍物。计算机视觉系统可使用目标识别算法、运动中恢复结构(structure from motion，SFM)算法、视频跟踪和其他计算机视觉技术。在一些实施例中，计算机视觉系统可以用于为环境绘制地图、跟踪目标、估计目标的速度等等。路线控制系统用于确定终端设备1800的行驶路线。在一些实施例中，路线控制系统可结合来自传感系统1802、GPS和一个或多个预定地图的数据以为终端设备1800确定行驶路线。障碍物避免系统用于识别、评估和避免或者以其他方式越过终端设备1800的环境中的潜在障碍物。当然，在一个实例中，控制系统1803可以增加或替换地包括除了所示出和描述的那些以外的组件。或者也可以减少一部分上述示出的组件。
终端设备1800的部分或所有功能受计算机系统1804控制。计算机系统1804可包括至少一个处理器18041，进一步，该计算机系统1804还可包括接口电路18042。处理器18041执行存储在例如存储器18043这样的非暂态计算机可读介质中的指令。计算机系统1804还可以是采用分布式方式控制终端设备1800的个体组件或子系统的多个计算设备。
处理器18041可以是一种具有信号(或数据)的处理能力的电路，具体可参见前述相关介绍，此处不再赘述。
尽管图18功能性地图示了处理器、存储器、和在相同块中的计算机系统1804的其它元件，但是本领域的普通技术人员应该理解该处理器和存储器实际上可以不存储在相同的物理外壳内的多个处理器或存储器。例如，存储器可以是硬盘驱动器或位于不同于计算机 系统1804的外壳内的其它存储介质。不同于使用单一的处理器来执行此处所描述的步骤，诸如转向组件和减速组件的一些组件每个都可以具有其自己的处理器，处理器只执行与特定于组件的功能相关的计算。再比如，处理器也可以远离该车辆但可以与该车辆进行无线通信。
在一些实施例中，存储器18043可包含指令(例如，程序逻辑)，指令可被处理器18041读取来执行终端设备1800的各种功能，包括以上描述的功能。存储器18043也可包含额外的指令，包括向推进系统1801、传感系统1802和控制系统1803中的一个或多个发送数据、从其接收数据、与其交互和/或对其进行控制的指令。除了指令以外，存储器18043还可存储数据，例如道路地图，路线信息，传感器检测到的数据，车辆的位置、方向、速度以及其它这样的车辆数据，以及其他信息。这种信息可在终端设备1800在自主、半自主和/或手动模式中被终端设备1800和计算机系统1804使用。
存储器可参见上述图17中的内部存储器1703的介绍，此处不再赘述。
用户接口1805，用于向终端设备1800的用户提供信息或从其接收信息。可选地，用户接口1805可包括在外围设备的集合内的一个或多个输入/输出设备，外围设备可以包括例如无线通信系统、触摸屏、麦克风和/或扬声器等。
计算机系统1804可基于从各种子系统(例如，推进系统1801、传感系统1802和控制系统1803)以及从用户接口1805接收的输入来控制终端设备1800的功能。例如，计算机系统1804可利用来自控制系统1803的输入以便控制转向单元来避免由传感系统1802和障碍物避免系统检测到的障碍物。在一些实施例中，计算机系统1804可操作来对终端设备1800及其子系统的许多方面提供控制。
光学显示系统1806可参见前述任一实施例的介绍，此处不再赘述。需要说明的是，光学显示系统中的部分元件的功能也可以由车辆的其它子系统来实现，例如，控制器也可以为控制系统中的元件。
可选地，上述这些组件中的一个或多个可与终端设备1800分开安装或关联。例如，存储器18043可以部分或完全地与终端设备1800分开存在。上述组件可以按有线和/或无线方式来通信地耦合在一起。
需要说明的是，图18给出的终端设备功能框架只是一个示例，在其它示例中，终端设备1800可以包括更多、更少或不同的系统，并且每个系统可以包括更多、更少或不同的组件。此外，示出的系统和组件可以按任意种的方式进行组合或划分，本申请对此不做具体限定。
申请的实施例中的方法步骤可以通过硬件的方式来实现，也可以由处理器执行软件指令的方式来实现。软件指令可以由相应的软件模块组成，软件模块可以被存放于存储介质中，关于存储介质可参见前述存储器18043的介绍，此处不再赘述。一种示例性的存储介质耦合至处理器，从而使处理器能够从该存储介质读取信息，且可向该存储介质写入信息。当然，存储介质也可以是处理器的组成部分。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机程序或指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序或指令时，全部或部分地执行本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用 计算机、计算机网络、或者其它可编程装置。所述计算机程序或指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机程序或指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线或无线方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是集成一个或多个可用介质的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带；也可以是光介质，例如，数字视频光盘(digital video disc，DVD)；还可以是半导体介质，例如，固态硬盘(solid state drive，SSD)。
在本申请的各个实施例中，如果没有特殊说明以及逻辑冲突，不同的实施例之间的术语和/或描述具有一致性、且可以相互引用，不同的实施例中的技术特征根据其内在的逻辑关系可以组合形成新的实施例。
本申请中，“均匀”不是指绝对的均匀，可以允许有一定工程上的误差。“垂直”不是指绝对的垂直，可以允许有一定工程上的误差。“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。在本申请的文字描述中，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。在本申请的公式中，字符“/”，表示前后关联对象是一种“相除”的关系。另外，在本申请中，“示例性的”一词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。或者可理解为，使用示例的一词旨在以具体方式呈现概念，并不对本申请构成限定。
可以理解的是，在本申请中涉及的各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请的实施例的范围。上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定。术语“第一”、“第二”等类似表述，是用于分区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元。方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种显示模组，其特征在于，包括散射层和反射层；
    所述散射层，用于接收来自图像生成单元的不同的图像光，并将不同的图像光散射至所述反射层的相应位置，所述图像光携带有图像信息；
    所述反射层，用于将来自所述散射层的相应位置的图像光反射至对应的视点、并透射环境光。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的模组，其特征在于，所述反射层包括凹柱面反射件阵列，所述凹柱面反射件阵列中的凹柱面反射件靠近所述散射层的面为凹面，所述凹面覆盖有反射膜。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的模组，其特征在于，靠近所述散射层的凹面至少在第一平面的投影为弧形。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的模组，其特征在于，所述反射膜的反射率大于第一反射率阈值且小于第二反射率阈值。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的模组，其特征在于，所述反射膜的反射率与所述反射膜的透射率的需求相关。
  6. 如权利要求2～5任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述反射膜包括纳米金属膜或介质膜。
  7. 如权利要求2～6任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述凹面填充有填充物，所述填充物的折射率与所述凹柱面反射件的折射率满足预设误差需求。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的模组，其特征在于，所述填充物的折射率与所述凹柱面反射件的折射率相同。
  9. 如权利要求2～8任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述凹柱面反射件阵列为一维阵列，所述凹柱面反射件阵列中的一个凹柱面反射件对应所述散射层的N列区域，所述N列区域用于接收不同的图像光，所述N为大于1的整数。
  10. 如权利要求2～8任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述凹柱面反射件阵列为二维阵列，所述凹柱面反射件阵列中的一个凹柱面反射件对应所述散射层的一个区域。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的模组，其特征在于，所述反射层包括全息反射介质层。
  12. 如权利要求1～11任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，散射至所述反射层的相应位置的图像光射入散射层的入射角度属于预设角度范围。
  13. 如权利要求1～12任一项所述的模组，其特征在于，所述散射层通过全息曝光方式获得的。
  14. 一种光学显示系统，其特征在于，包括图像生成单元以及如权利要求1～13任一项所述的显示模组；
    所述图像生成单元，用于发射不同的图像光。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的系统，其特征在于，所述不同的图像光的偏振态相同。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的系统，其特征在于，所述图像生成单元包括投影仪。
  17. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求14～16任一项所述的光学显示系统，所述光学显示系统安装于所述终端设备上。
  18. 一种图像显示方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取第一视点和/或第二视点的坐标；
    根据所述第一视点和/或第二视点的坐标、以及风挡的显示区域的K个目标位置的坐 标，确定K个适眼距，所述K个目标位置与投影到所述显示区域的图像的K行一一对应，所述第一视点和所述第二视点之间的视差、适眼距及虚像距之间满足对应关系；
    通过调节所述图像的K行的视差，控制所述图像的显示。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对应关系满足：
    Figure PCTCN2022122330-appb-100001
    其中，所述ΔP i为第i行中所述第一视点和所述第二视点之间的视差，所述T为第一视点和第二视点之间的间距，所述VID为虚像距，所述ER i为所述第i行的适眼距。
  20. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或指令被控制装置执行时，使得所述控制装置执行如权利要求18～19中任一项所述的方法。
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