WO2024065295A1 - 排气组件、电池包及用电装置 - Google Patents

排气组件、电池包及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024065295A1
WO2024065295A1 PCT/CN2022/122207 CN2022122207W WO2024065295A1 WO 2024065295 A1 WO2024065295 A1 WO 2024065295A1 CN 2022122207 W CN2022122207 W CN 2022122207W WO 2024065295 A1 WO2024065295 A1 WO 2024065295A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust
cavity
battery pack
exhaust assembly
box body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/122207
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐彧
徐晨怡
张辰辰
李星
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/122207 priority Critical patent/WO2024065295A1/zh
Publication of WO2024065295A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024065295A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular to an exhaust assembly, a battery pack and an electrical device.
  • thermoelectric separation When a battery experiences thermal runaway, it will generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas. At this time, the explosion-proof valve needs to be opened quickly to discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the explosion-proof valve to avoid the battery pack from exploding instantly.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected from the battery cell experiencing thermal runaway will have an adverse effect on the normal battery cells nearby, resulting in failure of the thermoelectric separation.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide an exhaust assembly, a battery pack and an electrical device to solve the problem that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected from a battery cell experiencing thermal runaway may cause thermal runaway of nearby normal battery cells.
  • the present application provides an exhaust assembly, wherein the exhaust assembly includes an exhaust portion, a connecting portion and a sealing structure, the exhaust portion is used to receive exhaust from a battery cell; the exhaust assembly is connected to a box body of a battery pack through the connecting portion, and the sealing structure is arranged at the connection position between the connecting portion and the box body.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles discharged from the thermal runaway battery can enter the exhaust part and be discharged to the outside of the battery pack through the exhaust part.
  • the connecting part can be connected to the battery pack box by bolts and other connecting parts, and the sealing structure can block the gap at the connection position between the connecting part and the box, thereby avoiding gas leakage and preventing the normal surrounding batteries from experiencing thermal runaway problems.
  • a first cavity is provided in the exhaust portion, and a side wall of the first cavity is provided with an exhaust hole for cooperating with the battery cell. High-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles exhausted from the thermal runaway battery can enter the first cavity through the exhaust hole, and then can be discharged outside the battery pack through the first cavity.
  • the sealing structure includes a second cavity, the second cavity is not connected to the first cavity, and the connection portion is formed in the sealing structure. Since the first cavity and the second cavity are not connected to each other, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles in the first cavity cannot enter the second cavity, that is, they cannot leak through the connection portion and the box body, thereby preventing the leakage of gas and conductive particles from causing thermal runaway of normal batteries nearby.
  • the connecting portion is a fixing hole provided in the sealing structure, the fixing hole is communicated with the second cavity, and the exhaust assembly is fixed to the box body through the cooperation of the fixing hole and the connecting piece.
  • the fixing hole is arranged on the side of the second cavity away from the first cavity.
  • the connecting piece is inserted from the box body into the fixing hole, the part of the connecting piece passing through the fixing hole can be located in the second cavity without entering the first cavity. Therefore, the second cavity can both accommodate the connecting piece and prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles in the first cavity from entering the second cavity, thereby preventing the thermoelectric separation phenomenon.
  • a partition is disposed in the exhaust portion, and the first cavity is separated from the second cavity by the partition.
  • the partition can be arranged along the height direction of the exhaust assembly at a position close to the top and/or bottom of the exhaust assembly, so that the second cavity formed on one side of the partition can accommodate the connecting piece, and the other side of the partition can form a first cavity with a larger space, which is beneficial to improving the exhaust efficiency.
  • one end of the sealing structure is fixed to the exhaust portion, and the end of the sealing structure away from the exhaust portion is provided with the connecting portion.
  • the sealing structure and the exhaust portion are separated from each other, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles in the exhaust portion are not discharged into the sealing structure.
  • the exhaust portion and the sealing structure are integrally formed, thereby achieving structural integration of the exhaust assembly and improving structural reliability.
  • the sealing structure includes a sealing ring or a sealant, and the sealing ring or the sealant is sealingly arranged at the connection position between the connecting portion and the box body, so that the matching gap between the screw and the fixing hole can be sealed by the sealing ring or the sealant to further prevent gas leakage.
  • the exhaust portion is provided with reinforcing ribs, and the reinforcing ribs divide the inner wall of the exhaust portion into at least two first cavities.
  • the reinforcing ribs can strengthen the overall structure of the exhaust portion, ensure structural reliability, improve the exhaust portion's ability to withstand the ejected high-pressure gas, and extend its service life.
  • a third cavity is further provided in the exhaust portion, the third cavity is provided between the first cavity and the second cavity, a through hole is provided on the side wall of the third cavity, and the third cavity is connected with the first cavity through the through hole.
  • a fireproof member is provided in the exhaust portion.
  • the fireproof member may be provided at a position opposite to the explosion-proof valve of the battery, and may prevent the fluid from directly impacting the inner wall of the exhaust portion when the battery has thermal runaway and releases hot air, sparks and other fluids through the explosion-proof valve, thereby causing damage to the exhaust portion or even fire.
  • the second aspect of the present application also provides a battery pack, which includes a case and at least one battery cell, and the battery cell is arranged in the case, wherein the battery pack also includes at least one exhaust assembly provided in the first aspect of the present application, the exhaust assembly is connected to the inner wall of the case, and the battery cell is arranged on at least one side of the exhaust assembly in the thickness direction.
  • the exhaust assembly divides the box into two or more accommodating spaces, and the battery cells are disposed in the accommodating spaces.
  • the exhaust assembly is welded, riveted or screwed to the box body, so as to facilitate the assembly of the exhaust assembly and improve the reliability of the connection between the exhaust assembly and the box body.
  • the housing further includes a first portion and/or a second portion, and the exhaust assembly is connected to the first portion and/or the second portion via the connection portion, thereby improving the flexibility of connecting the exhaust assembly to the housing, enabling selection of a suitable connection method according to different exhaust scenarios, and improving the versatility of the exhaust assembly.
  • a gas channel is provided inside the side wall of the box body and/or inside the second portion, and the gas channel is communicated with the exhaust portion.
  • the box body is provided with an exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve is communicated with the gas outlet of the gas channel.
  • the exhaust valve can be connected to the air outlet of the gas channel and can control the opening and closing of the air outlet of the gas channel, so that when it is necessary to exhaust to the outside, the air outlet can be opened by the exhaust valve to connect the gas channel with the external atmosphere, and when it is not necessary to exhaust, the air outlet can be controlled to be closed to achieve sealing and prevent external impurities from entering the gas channel.
  • the third aspect of the present application also provides an electrical device, which includes the battery pack provided in the second aspect of the present application.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery pack according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an exhaust assembly used in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application (I);
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram (II) of an embodiment of the present application providing an exhaust assembly for use in a battery pack;
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram (III) of an embodiment of the present application providing an exhaust assembly for use in a battery pack;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram (IV) of an embodiment of the present application providing an exhaust assembly for use in a battery pack;
  • FIG8 is an enlarged view of point A in FIG4;
  • FIG9 is a side view of an exhaust assembly used in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the exhaust assembly and the housing (I);
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the exhaust assembly and the housing (II).
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups)
  • multiple sheets refers to more than two sheets (including two sheets).
  • power batteries are becoming more and more widely used as the main energy storage device. They are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric transportation vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as military equipment, aerospace and other fields.
  • the present application provides a battery pack 100, which includes multiple energy modules, each of which can provide electrical energy to ensure that the battery meets the actual power supply requirements.
  • the energy module includes at least one battery cell 2, that is, an energy module can be composed of one battery cell, or an energy module can be composed of two, three or more battery cells connected in series or in parallel or in mixed connection, and mixed connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the multiple energy modules in the battery can be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that multiple energy modules are connected in series and in parallel.
  • multiple energy modules can be connected in series to form an energy module to obtain a higher voltage.
  • the battery also includes a module frame and a module frame, wherein each energy module is provided with a module frame, and the module frame is connected to the energy module to fix the energy module; multiple module frames are connected together on a module frame to fix the multiple module frames. At this time, the battery becomes a complete overall structure.
  • the module frame and the module frame are usually made of metal materials, for example, the module frame and the module frame can be made of steel or aluminum alloy.
  • An insulating film is provided between the energy module and the module frame to prevent the module frame from conducting electricity and causing safety hazards.
  • the battery When the battery is operating normally, it can stably and safely provide continuous power to the equipment. However, when the battery is in an abnormal operating state, such as abuse, short circuit, excessive rate and other abnormal use conditions, it will cause thermal runaway of the energy module inside the battery. When the energy module is in thermal runaway, it will spray high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles.
  • an abnormal operating state such as abuse, short circuit, excessive rate and other abnormal use conditions
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles will cause the insulation film between the energy module in thermal runaway and the corresponding module frame to be damaged, that is, insulation failure, which will cause the energy module in thermal runaway to be connected with the corresponding module frame, so that the corresponding module frame is charged, and because the module frame is connected to the module frame, the energy module in thermal runaway, the corresponding module frame and the module frame are connected. At this time, the energy module, the corresponding module frame and the module frame maintain the same potential. At the same time, since the module frames corresponding to other normal energy modules are all connected to the module frame, the module frames corresponding to other normal energy modules are also charged, and the module frames corresponding to normal energy modules maintain the same potential as the module frame.
  • the high voltage When the potential difference exceeds the critical value, the high voltage will break down the electrical gap between the energy module and the module frame or the module frame, thereby generating an arc; when an arc occurs, sparks will occur, thereby generating dangerous levels of heat and mechanical energy (explosion sound, air waves, shock waves, etc.), which may break down other normal energy modules, causing more thermal runaway and insulation failure, accelerating the spread of heat inside the battery, and causing the battery to catch fire and explode.
  • exhaust beams are generally used in this field to directional discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles ejected from the thermal runaway battery.
  • the exhaust beam needs to be connected to the battery pack box through screws and other connectors, and there will inevitably be installation gaps at the screw connection position. Such installation gaps will cause high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles to leak and flow to the surrounding normal batteries, causing the normal batteries to also have the risk of thermal runaway.
  • the exhaust assembly 3 includes an exhaust portion 32, a connecting portion 31 and a sealing structure 33.
  • the exhaust portion 32 is used to receive exhaust from the battery cell.
  • the exhaust assembly 3 is connected to the box body 1 of the battery pack through the connecting portion 31, and the sealing structure 33 is provided at the connection position between the connecting portion 31 and the box body 1.
  • the emissions from the battery cells can be high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles discharged from the thermally runaway battery cells 2 can enter the exhaust portion 32 and be directedly discharged to the outside of the battery pack through the exhaust portion 32.
  • the connection portion 31 can be connected to the box body 1 of the battery pack by a connection member 4 such as a bolt, and the sealing structure 33 can block the gap at the connection position between the connection portion 31 and the box body 1, thereby avoiding gas leakage and preventing the normal battery cells 2 around from experiencing thermal runaway problems.
  • the battery pack 100 disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in, but not limited to, electrical devices such as vehicles, ships or aircraft.
  • a power supply system comprising the battery cells 2 and the battery pack 100 disclosed in the present application can be used to form the electrical device, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway of the battery pack 100 and improving the safety of the battery pack 100.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery pack 100 as a power source
  • the electric device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • the electric toy may include a fixed or mobile electric toy, for example, a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, an electric airplane toy, etc.
  • the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery pack 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery pack 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery pack 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery pack 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery pack 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • the battery pack 100 can not only serve as the operating power source of the vehicle 1000, but also serve as the driving power source of the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery pack 100 provided in the present application includes a box body 1 and a battery cell 2, and the battery cell 2 is accommodated in the box body 1.
  • the box body 1 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 2, and the box body 1 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box body 1 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 2.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 can be a plate-like structure.
  • the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space; the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12.
  • the box body 1 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be a variety of shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the battery pack 100 there may be multiple battery cells 2, and the multiple battery cells 2 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 2 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the multiple battery cells 2 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells 2 may be accommodated in the box 1; of course, the battery pack 100 may also be a battery module formed by connecting multiple battery cells 2 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery modules may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and then accommodated in the box 1.
  • the battery pack 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery pack 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 2.
  • the battery cell 2 in the present application may include a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium-ion primary battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery cell 2 refers to the smallest unit that constitutes a battery. As shown in FIG. 3, the battery cell 2 includes an end cap 21, a housing 22, a battery cell assembly 23, and other functional components.
  • the end cap 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the shell 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 2 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 22 to match the shell 22.
  • the end cap 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 21 is not easily deformed when squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 2 can have a higher structural strength and the safety performance can also be improved.
  • the end cap 21 can also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 2 reaches a threshold.
  • the material of the end cap 21 can also be a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not particularly limited to this.
  • an insulating member can also be provided on the inner side of the end cap 21, and the insulating member can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the shell 22 from the end cap 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member can be plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the shell 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cover 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 2, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the battery cell assembly 23, electrolyte and other components.
  • the shell 22 and the end cover 21 can be independent components, and an opening can be set on the shell 22, and the internal environment of the battery cell 2 is formed by covering the opening with the end cover 21 at the opening.
  • the end cover 21 and the shell 22 can also be integrated.
  • the end cover 21 and the shell 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the shell, and when the interior of the shell 22 needs to be encapsulated, the end cover 21 covers the shell 22.
  • the shell 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the shell 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery cell assembly 23.
  • the material of the shell 22 can be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.
  • the battery pack provided by the present application also includes a box body 1 and at least one exhaust assembly 3. Both the battery cell 2 and the exhaust assembly 3 can be arranged in the box body 1.
  • the exhaust assembly 3 is connected to the inner wall of the box body 1, and the battery cell 2 is arranged on at least one side of the exhaust assembly 3 in the thickness direction.
  • the exhaust assembly 3 can separate a plurality of spaces in the box body 1 for accommodating the battery cell 2 or the battery cell 2 module.
  • the explosion-proof valve on the battery cell 2 can be connected to the exhaust part 32 of the exhaust assembly 3.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles can be discharged into the exhaust part 32 through the explosion-proof valve, and the exhaust part 32 can discharge the received high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles in a directional manner.
  • the present application provides an electric device using a battery pack 100 as a power source
  • the electric device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • the electric toy may include a fixed or mobile electric toy, for example, a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, an electric airplane toy, etc.
  • the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, etc.
  • a first cavity 321 is disposed in the exhaust portion 32 , and a side wall of the first cavity 321 is provided with an exhaust hole 321 a for cooperating with a battery cell.
  • the exhaust portion 32 may be a rectangular plate-like structure, and the first cavity 321 inside it may penetrate both ends in the length direction thereof, or may not penetrate. Specifically, as shown in FIG10, when the side wall of the case 1 of the battery pack also has a cavity for exhaust, the first cavity 321 may penetrate both ends in the length direction of the exhaust portion 32 to communicate with the cavity inside the case 1. As shown in FIGS.
  • the two ends of the first cavity 321 may not penetrate both ends in the length direction of the exhaust portion 32, but an exhaust port is provided at the top or bottom of the exhaust portion 32, and the exhaust port can communicate with the cavity in the first part 11 or the second part 12 of the case 1 for exhaust.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles discharged from the battery cell 2 can enter the first cavity 321 through the exhaust hole 321 a , and can be discharged outside the battery pack through the first cavity 321 .
  • the sealing structure 33 includes a second cavity 331 , the second cavity 331 is not connected to the first cavity 321 , and the connecting portion 31 is formed in the sealing structure 33 .
  • the exhaust assembly 3 When the exhaust assembly 3 is installed on the case 1 of the battery pack, it can be fixed to the case 1 through the connecting portion 31. Since the connecting portion 31 is formed on the sealing structure 33, that is, the connecting portion 31 is a part of the sealing structure 33, after the connecting portion 31 is connected to the case 1, the second cavity 331 can be aligned with the matching position of the connecting portion 31 and the case 1. Since the first cavity and the second cavity 331 are not connected to each other, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles in the first cavity cannot enter the second cavity 331, that is, they cannot leak through the matching position of the connecting portion 31 and the case 1, thereby preventing the leakage of gas and conductive particles from causing thermal runaway of the normal battery cells 2 nearby.
  • the connecting portion 31 is a fixing hole provided on the sealing structure 33 , the fixing hole is communicated with the second cavity 331 , and the exhaust assembly 3 is fixed to the box body 1 through the cooperation of the fixing hole and the connecting member 4 .
  • the connector 4 may be a bolt, a screw, a rivet, a snap, etc., so as to facilitate the assembly of the edge exhaust assembly 3.
  • the fixing hole is arranged on the side of the second cavity 331 away from the first cavity 321.
  • the part of the connector 4 that passes through the fixing hole can be located in the second cavity 331, and will not enter the first cavity 321. Therefore, the second cavity 331 can accommodate the connector 4 and prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles in the first cavity 321 from entering the second cavity 331, thereby preventing the thermoelectric separation phenomenon.
  • a partition 324 is disposed in the exhaust portion 32 , and the first cavity 321 is separated from the second cavity 331 by the partition 324 .
  • the partition 324 may be a flat plate structure and may extend in the length direction of the exhaust assembly 3.
  • the partition 324 may be disposed along the height direction of the exhaust assembly 3 at a position close to the top and/or bottom of the exhaust assembly 3, so that the second cavity 331 formed on one side of the partition 324 may accommodate the connector 4, and a first cavity 321 with a larger space may be formed on the other side of the partition 324, which is beneficial to improving the exhaust efficiency.
  • one end of the sealing structure 33 is fixed to the exhaust portion 32 , and the end of the sealing structure 33 facing away from the exhaust portion 32 is provided with the connecting portion 31 .
  • the sealing structure 33 may be an independent structural member, one end of the sealing structure 33 may be fixed to the exhaust portion 32 by a connector 4 such as a bolt, a screw, a rivet or a buckle, and the other end of the sealing structure 33 may also be fixed to the box body 1 by the connector 4, and the sealing structure 33 and the exhaust portion 32 are separated from each other, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles in the exhaust portion 32 will not be discharged into the sealing structure 33.
  • the sealing structure 33 may also be connected to the box body 1 by welding, bonding or other processes.
  • the exhaust portion 32 and the sealing structure 33 can be integrally formed. That is, during the molding process of the exhaust portion 32, the sealing structure 33 can be directly molded, thereby achieving structural integration of the exhaust assembly 3 and improving structural reliability.
  • the sealing structure 33 may include a sealing ring or a sealant, which is sealed at the connection position between the connecting portion 31 and the box body 1.
  • the connecting member 4 is screwed into the fixing hole, the nut of the screw can press the sealing ring or the sealant on the box body 1 or around the fixing hole, so that the matching gap between the screw and the fixing hole can be sealed by the sealing ring or the sealant to further prevent gas leakage.
  • the sealing structure 33 may also include other sealing members made of heat-resistant materials or insulating materials.
  • a reinforcing rib 323 is disposed in the exhaust portion 32 , and the reinforcing rib 323 divides the inner wall of the exhaust portion 32 into at least two first cavities 321 .
  • the reinforcing rib 323 can be integrally formed, and the reinforcing rib 323 can strengthen the overall structure of the exhaust portion 32, ensure structural reliability, improve the exhaust portion 32's ability to withstand the ejected high-pressure gas, and extend its service life.
  • the reinforcing rib 323 can separate two first cavities in the thickness direction of the exhaust component 3, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected from the battery cells 2 on both sides of the exhaust component 3 can be exhausted through the two first cavities, respectively, to prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas on one side from affecting the battery cells 2 on the other side.
  • a third cavity 322 is further provided in the exhaust portion 32 .
  • the third cavity 322 is provided between the first cavity 321 and the second cavity 331 .
  • a through hole 322 a is provided on a side wall of the third cavity 322 .
  • the third cavity 322 is connected to the first cavity 321 through the through hole 322 a .
  • a fireproof component is provided in the exhaust portion 32.
  • the fireproof component can be provided at a position opposite to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell 2, and can prevent the fluid from directly impacting the inner wall of the exhaust portion 32 when the battery cell 2 has a thermal runaway and releases hot air and sparks through the explosion-proof valve, thereby causing the exhaust portion 32 to be damaged or even catch fire.
  • the fireproofing member may be made of a material with a relatively high melting point so that the flame will not melt the fireproofing member.
  • the material of the fireproofing member in this embodiment is mica. Since the melting point of mica is very high (about 1723°C), the fireproofing requirement of the fireproofing member can be met, and the mica board has excellent processing performance.
  • the present application is not limited to the implementation method of mica.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery pack, as described above, the battery pack includes a box body 1 and at least one battery cell 2, the battery cell 2 is arranged in the box body 1, the exhaust assembly 3 is connected to the inner wall of the box body 1, and the battery cell 2 is arranged on at least one side of the exhaust assembly 3 in the thickness direction.
  • the exhaust assembly 3 can be welded, riveted or screwed to the box body 1, so as to facilitate the assembly of the exhaust assembly 3 and improve the reliability of the connection between the exhaust assembly 3 and the box body 1.
  • the box body 1 of the battery pack further includes a first portion 11 and/or a second portion 12, and the exhaust assembly 3 is connected to the first portion 11 and/or the second portion 12 via a connecting portion 31.
  • This can improve the flexibility of connecting the exhaust assembly 3 to the box body 1, and can select a suitable connection method according to different exhaust scenarios, thereby improving the versatility of the exhaust assembly 3.
  • a gas channel is provided inside the side wall of the box body 1 and/or inside the second part 12, and the gas channel is connected to the exhaust part 32. That is to say, a cavity for gas circulation can be provided inside the first part 11 or the second part 12, and when the exhaust assembly 3 is connected to the first part 11 or the second part 12 through the connecting part 31, the exhaust part 32 can be connected to the cavity in the first part 11 or the second part 12, and the gas discharged from the exhaust part 32 can enter the cavity in the first part 11 or the second part 12, and can be further discharged to the outside of the battery pack through the cavity in the first part 11 or the second part 12.
  • an exhaust valve may also be provided on the box body.
  • the exhaust valve can be connected to the gas outlet of the gas channel and can control the opening and closing of the gas outlet of the gas channel. Therefore, when it is necessary to exhaust to the outside, the gas outlet can be opened by the exhaust valve to connect the gas channel with the external atmosphere. When it is not necessary to exhaust, the gas outlet can be controlled to be closed to achieve sealing and prevent external impurities from entering the gas channel.
  • the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the battery pack described in any of the above schemes, and the battery pack is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the present application provides a vent assembly, which is disposed in the battery pack 100 and can separate two or more accommodation spaces in the battery pack 100 for accommodating the battery cells 2.
  • the vent assembly is provided with a first cavity 321, a second cavity 331 and a third cavity 322, the third cavity 322 being disposed between the first cavity 321 and the second cavity 331, the battery cells 2 can be disposed on both sides of the vent assembly, and can be connected to the corresponding first cavity 321 through their respective explosion-proof valves, the battery cells 2 in thermal runaway can discharge high-temperature and high-pressure gas and conductive particles into the first cavity 321 through the explosion-proof valve, and the first cavity 321 can discharge gas to the outside of the battery pack 100.
  • the third cavity 322 is connected to the first cavity 321 through the through hole 322a, which can improve the gas discharge efficiency and the safety of the exhaust.
  • the second cavity 331 is arranged at both ends of the exhaust assembly in the height direction, and the end of the second cavity 331 away from the first cavity 321 can be fixed to the box body 1 of the battery pack 100 by a connector such as a screw, and the second cavity 331 is not connected to the first cavity 321 and the third cavity 322. Therefore, the gas in the first cavity 321 or the third cavity 322 will not enter the second cavity 331, so that gas leakage will not occur at the position where the connector is fastened.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种排气组件、电池包及用电装置，其中，排气组件包括排气部、连接部和密封结构，排气部用于接收来自电池单体的排放物；排气组件通过连接部连接于电池包的箱体，密封结构设置于连接部与箱体的连接位置处。本申请中，热失控的电池单体排出的高温高压气体及导电颗粒可以进入排气部内，并通过排气部定向排出至电池包外部。连接部可以采用螺栓等连接件连接于电池包的箱体，密封结构可以将连接部与箱体连接位置处的缝隙封堵，从而可以避免气体泄露，防止周围正常的电池单体出现热失控的问题。

Description

排气组件、电池包及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及动力电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种排气组件、电池包及用电装置。
背景技术
电池在发生热失控时，会产生高温高压气体，此时则需要防爆阀迅速开启，将高温高压气体经由防爆阀排出，以避免发生电池包瞬间爆炸等情况。但是，由于电池单体之间排列紧凑，出现热失控的电池单体喷出的高温高压气体会对附近正常的电池单体造成不利影响，导致热电分离失效。
申请内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种排气组件、电池包及用电装置，以解决现有出现热失控的电池单体喷出的高温高压气体会造成附近正常的电池单体热失控的问题。
本申请第一方面提供了一种排气组件，其中，所述排气组件包括排气部、连接部和密封结构，所述排气部用于接收来自电池单体的排放物；所述排气组件通过所述连接部连接于电池包的箱体，所述密封结构设置于所述连接部与所述箱体的连接位置处。
本申请中，热失控的电池排出的高温高压气体及导电颗粒可以进入排气部内，并通过排气部定向排出至电池包外部。连接部可以采用螺栓等连接件连接于电池包的箱体，密封结构可以将连接部与箱体连接位置处的缝隙封堵，从而可以避免气体泄露，防止周围正常的电池出现热失控的问题。
在一些实施例中，所述排气部内设置有第一空腔，所述第一空腔的侧壁设置有用于与所述电池单体配合的排气孔。热失控的电池排出的高温高压气体及导电颗粒可以经过排气孔进入至第一空腔内，从而能够通过第一空腔排出至电池包外。
在一些实施例中，所述密封结构包括第二空腔，所述第二空腔与所述第一空腔互不连通，所述连接部形成于所述密封结构。由于第一腔体和第二空腔互不连通，第一腔体内的高温高压气体及导电颗粒不能进入至第二空腔，即无法通过连接部与箱体配合位置处产生泄露的问题，从而防止了气体及导电颗粒泄露而造成附近正常的电池热失控。
在一些实施例中，所述连接部为设置于所述密封结构的固定孔，所述固定孔与所述第二空腔连通，所述排气组件通过所述固定孔和连接件的配合固定于所述箱体。
其中，固定孔设置在第二空腔背离第一空腔的一侧，当连接件从箱体穿入至固定孔中后，连接件从固定孔中穿出的部分可以位于第二空腔内，而不会进入至第一空腔，由此，第二空腔既可实现对连接件的容纳，又可以防止第一空腔内的高温高压气体及导电颗粒进入至第二空腔内，防止了热电分离现象。
在一些实施例中，所述排气部内设置有分隔部，所述第一空腔通过所述分隔部与所述第二空腔分隔。
其中，该分隔部可以沿排气组件的高度方向设置于排气组件靠近顶部和/或底部的 位置处，使分隔部的一侧所形成的第二空腔能够容纳连接件即可，而使分隔部的另一侧可以形成空间较大的第一空腔，有利于提高排气效率。
在一些实施例中，所述密封结构的一端固定于所述排气部，所述密封结构背离所述排气部的一端设置有所述连接部。密封结构与排气部相互分隔，从而不会使排气部内的高温高压气体及导电颗粒排出至密封结构内。
在一些实施例中，所述排气部与所述密封结构一体成型。从而可以实现该排气组件的结构一体化，提升结构可靠性。
在一些实施例中，所述密封结构包括密封圈或密封胶，所述密封圈或密封胶密封设置于所述连接部与所述箱体的连接位置处。从而可以通过密封圈或密封胶将螺钉与固定孔之间的配合间隙密封，进一步防止气体泄露。
在一些实施例中，所述排气部内设置有加强筋，所述加强筋将所述排气部的内壁分隔为至少两个第一空腔。加强筋可以加强排气部整体结构，保证结构可靠性，提升排气部对喷出的高压气体的承受能力，延长使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，所述排气部内还设置有第三空腔，所述第三空腔设置于所述第一空腔和所述第二空腔之间，所述第三空腔的侧壁设置有通孔，所述第三空腔通过所述通孔与所述第一空腔连通。通过设置第三空腔，可以使第一空腔内的部分气体通过通孔流入至第三空腔，从而可以通过第一空腔和第三空腔共同排气，降低了排气组件的负担，提升了排气效率。
在一些实施例中，所述排气部内设置有防火件。该防火件可以设置在与电池的防爆阀相对的位置处，可在电池发生热失控通过防爆阀释放热空气和火星等流体时，防止流体直接冲击排气部的内壁，而造成排气部损毁，甚至失火燃烧。
本申请的第二方面还提供了一种电池包，所述电池包包括箱体和至少一个电池单体，所述电池单体设置于所述箱体内，其中，所述电池包还包括至少一个本申请第一方面提供的排气组件，所述排气组件连接于所述箱体的内壁，所述电池单体设置于所述排气组件在厚度方向上的至少一侧。
在一些实施例中，所述排气组件将所述箱体内分隔为两个以上的容纳空间，所述电池单体设置于所述容纳空间中。
在一些实施例中，所述排气组件焊接、铆接或螺接于所述箱体。从而可以便于排气组件的组装，同时还可以提升排气组件与箱体连接的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，所述箱体还包括第一部分和/或第二部分，所述排气组件通过所述连接部连接于所述第一部分和/或所述第二部分。从而可以提升排气组件与箱体连接的灵活性，能够根据不同的排气场景选择合适的连接方式，提升了排气组件的通用性。
在一些实施例中，所述箱体的侧壁内部和/或所述第二部分内部设置有气体通道，所述气体通道与所述排气部连通。
在一些实施例中，所述箱体设置有排气阀，所述排气阀与所述气体通道的出气口连通。
其中，当箱体上设置有能够与排气部连通的气体通道时，排气阀可以与该气体通道的出气口连接，并能够控制气体通道的出气口的开闭，从而可以在需要对外排气时 通过排气阀打开出气口，使气体通道与外部大气连通，而在不需要排气时可以控制出气口关闭，实现密封，防止外部杂质进入至气体通道内。
本申请的第三方面还提供了一种用电装置，其中，包括本申请第二方面提供的电池包。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池包的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供排气组件在电池包中应用的示意图(一)；
图5为本申请实施例提供排气组件在电池包中应用的示意图(二)；
图6为本申请实施例提供排气组件在电池包中应用的示意图(三)；
图7为本申请实施例提供排气组件在电池包中应用的示意图(四)；
图8为图4中在A处的放大图；
图9为本申请实施例提供排气组件在电池包中应用的侧视图；
图10为排气组件与箱体连接的示意图(一)；
图11为排气组件与箱体连接的示意图(二)。
附图标记：
100-电池包
1-箱体；
11-第一部分；
12-第二部分；
2-电池单体；
21-端盖；
22-壳体；
23-电芯组件；
3-排气组件；
31-连接部；
32-排气部；
321-第一空腔；
321a-排气孔；
322-第三空腔；
322a-通孔；
323-加强筋；
324-分隔部；
33-密封结构；
331-第二空腔；
4-连接件；
1000-车辆；
1100-控制器；
1200-马达。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：存在A，同时存在A和B，存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池作为主要存储能量装置其应用越加广泛，不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。
本申请提供了一种电池包100，电池包100括多个能量模块，每个能量模块均能够提供电能，以保证电池满足实际供电需求。能量模块包括至少一个电池单体2，即可以由一个电池单体构成一个能量模块，或可以由两个、三个或更多电池单体串联或并联或混联构成一个能量模块，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。
电池中的多个能量模块之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个能量模块中既有串联又有并联。其中，多个能量模块之间串联可以形成能量模组，以获得更高的电压。电池还包括模块框架和模组框架，其中，每个能量模块均设置有一个模块框架，模块框架与能量模块连接，以将能量模块固定；多个模块框架共同连接在一个模组框架上，以将多个模块框架固定，此时，电池成为完整的整体结构。
为了保证模块框架和模组框架的结构强度满足使用需求，模块框架和模组框架通常由金属材料制成，例如模块框架和模组框架的材质可以为钢或铝合金。能量模块与模块框架之间设置有绝缘膜，以防止模块框架导电而产生安全隐患。
电池在正常运行时，可以稳定、安全地为设备持续提供电能。但是，当电池处于非正常运行状态时，例如滥用、短路、倍率过高等非正常使用情况下，会导致电池内部的能量模块发生热失控。能量模块发生热失控时会喷出高温高压气体和导电颗粒，高温高压气体和导电颗粒会导致热失控的能量模块与对应的模块框架之间的绝缘膜破损，即绝缘失效，进而导致热失控的能量模块与对应的模块框架导通，使得对应的模块框架带电，而且由于模块框架与模组框架连接，使得热失控的能量模块、对应的模块框架和模组框架三者导通，此时的能量模块、对应的模块框架和模组框架保持相同电位。同时，由于其他正常的能量模块各自对应的模块框架均与模组框架相连，导致其他正常的能量模块各自对应的模块框架也带电，且正常的能量模块对应的模块框架与模组框架保持相同电位。
其他正常的能量模块对各自对应的带电的模块框架以及带电的模组框架产生电势差，而且，由于多个能量模块之间逐个顺次串联，在串联路径中，能量模块的电压依次叠加构成高电压系统。因此，在串联路径中，距离发生热失控的能量模块越远的正常能量模块对应位置的电压越高，使得正常能量模块对该位置的带电的模块框架以及带电的模组框架产生的电势差越大。当电势差超过临界值时，高电压会将能量模块与模块框架或模组框架之间的电气间隙击穿，进而产生拉弧；当拉弧发生时，会产生打火，进而产生危险级别的热能和机械能(爆炸声气浪、冲击波等)，可能击穿其他正常能量模块，引起更多热失控和绝缘失效，加速电池内部的热蔓延，进而引起电池起火、爆炸。
基于以上考虑，为了解决能量模块热失控导致绝缘失效进而产生拉弧现象的问题，本领域内一般会采用排气梁将热失控的电池喷出的高温高压气体及导电颗粒定向排出。然而排气梁需要通过螺钉等连接件连接在电池包的箱体上，在螺钉连接的位置处不可避免地会出现安装缝隙，这种安装缝隙会导致高温高压气体及导电颗粒泄露，并流窜至周围正常的电池处，造成正常的电池也会发生热失控的风险。
为此，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种新的排气组件3，该排气组件3包括排气部32、连接部31和密封结构33，排气部32用于接收来自电池单体的排放物。排气 组件3通过连接部31连接于电池包的箱体1，密封结构33设置于连接部31与箱体1的连接位置处。
其中，来自电池单体的排放物可以是高温高压气体及导电颗粒，热失控的电池单体2排出的高温高压气体及导电颗粒可以进入排气部32内，并通过排气部32定向排出至电池包外部。连接部31可以采用螺栓等连接件4连接于电池包的箱体1，密封结构33可以将连接部31与箱体1连接位置处的缝隙封堵，从而可以避免气体泄露，防止周围正常的电池单体2出现热失控的问题。
本申请实施例公开的电池包100可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体2、电池包100等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，能够降低电池包100发生热失控的风险，进而提高电池包100使用安全性。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池包100作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池包100，电池包100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池包100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池包100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池包100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池包100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
如图2所示，本申请提供的电池包100包括箱体1和电池单体2，电池单体2容纳于箱体1内。其中，箱体1用于为电池单体2提供容纳空间，箱体1可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体1可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体2的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体1可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池包100中，电池单体2可以是多个，多个电池单体2之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体2中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体2之间可直接串 联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体2构成的整体容纳于箱体1内；当然，电池包100也可以是多个电池单体2先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体1内。电池包100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池包100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体2之间的电连接。
本申请中的电池单体2可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体2是指组成电池的最小单元。如图3所示，电池单体2包括有端盖21、壳体22、电芯组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体2的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体2能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。在一些实施例中，端盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体2的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体2的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体2的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电芯组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
如图4至图7所示，本申请提供的电池包还包括箱体1和至少一个该排气组件3，电池单体2和排气组件3均可设置于箱体1内，排气组件3连接于箱体1的内壁，电池单体2设置于排气组件3在厚度方向上的至少一侧。排气组件3能够将箱体1内分隔出多个用于容纳电池单体2或电池单体2模组的空间，电池单体2上的防爆阀可以与排气组件3的排气部32连通，当电池单体2失效时，可以通过防爆阀向排气部32内排出高温高压气体及导电颗粒，排气部32可以将接收的高温高压气体及导电颗粒定向排出。
本申请提供了一种使用电池包100作为电源的用电装置，该用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
具体地，如图8所示，排气部32内设置有第一空腔321，第一空腔321的侧壁设置有用于与电池单体配合的排气孔321a。
该排气部32可以为长方体的板状结构，其内部的第一空腔321可以贯通其长度方向上的两端，或者也可以不贯通。具体地，如图10所示，当电池包的箱体1侧壁内也具有用于排气的空腔时，第一空腔321可以贯通排气部32长度方向上的两端，以与箱体1内部的空腔连通。如图2和图11所示，当电池包的箱体1的侧壁内不具有排气的空腔，而箱体1的第一部分11或第二部分12内具有用于排气的空腔时，第一空腔321的两端可以不贯通排气部32长度方向的两端，而是在排气部32的顶部或底部设置有排气口，该排气口能够与箱体1的第一部分11或第二部分12内的空腔连通，以进行排气。当电池单体2失效时，电池单体2排出的高温高压气体及导电颗粒可以经过排气孔321a进入至第一空腔321内，从而能够通过第一空腔321排出至电池包外。
具体地，如图8所示，密封结构33包括第二空腔331，第二空腔331与第一空腔321互不连通，连接部31形成于密封结构33。
在将排气组件3安装至电池包的箱体1上时，可以通过连接部31固定于箱体1，由于连接部31形成于密封结构33，即连接部31为密封结构33的一部分，在连接部31与箱体1连接后，第二空腔331能够与连接部31和箱体1配合位置处对齐，由于第一腔体和第二空腔331互不连通，第一腔体内的高温高压气体及导电颗粒不能进入至第二空腔331，即无法通过连接部31与箱体1配合位置处产生泄露的问题，从而防止了气体及导电颗粒泄露而造成附近正常的电池单体2热失控。
具体地，连接部31为设置于密封结构33的固定孔，固定孔与第二空腔331连通，排气组件3通过固定孔和连接件4的配合固定于箱体1。
其中，该连接件4可以为螺栓、螺钉、铆钉、卡扣等，从而可以边缘排气组件3的装配。固定孔设置在第二空腔331背离第一空腔321的一侧，当连接件4从箱体1穿入至固定孔中后，连接件4从固定孔中穿出的部分可以位于第二空腔331内，而不会进入至第一空腔321，由此，第二空腔331既可实现对连接件4的容纳，又可以防止第一空腔321内的高温高压气体及导电颗粒进入至第二空腔331内，防止了热电分离现象。
具体地，如图8所示，排气部32内设置有分隔部324，第一空腔321通过分隔部324与第二空腔331分隔。
该分隔部324可以为平板状结构，并能够在排气组件3的长度方向延伸，该分隔部324可以沿排气组件3的高度方向设置于排气组件3靠近顶部和/或底部的位置处，使分隔部324的一侧所形成的第二空腔331能够容纳连接件4即可，而使分隔部324的另一侧可以形成空间较大的第一空腔321，有利于提高排气效率。
具体地，密封结构33的一端固定于排气部32，密封结构33背离排气部32的一端设置有连接部31。
其中，密封结构33可以为一种独立的结构件，密封结构33的一端可以通过螺栓、螺钉、铆钉或卡扣等连接件4固定于排气部32，而密封结构33的另一端也可以通过上述连接件4固定于箱体1，密封结构33与排气部32相互分隔，从而不会使排气部32内的高温高压气体及导电颗粒排出至密封结构33内。其中，密封结构33还可以通过焊接、粘接等工艺连接于箱体1。
具体地，排气部32与密封结构33可以一体成型。即在排气部32成型过程中，可以直接成型出该密封结构33，从而可以实现该排气组件3的结构一体化，提升结构可靠性。
具体地，密封结构33可以包括密封圈或密封胶，密封圈或密封胶密封设置于连接部31与箱体1的连接位置处。当连接件4采用螺钉穿设在固定孔中时，螺钉的螺帽可以将密封圈或密封胶压紧在箱体1上或固定孔周围位置处，从而可以通过密封圈或密封胶将螺钉与固定孔之间的配合间隙密封，进一步防止气体泄露。当然，密封结构33还可以包括其它由耐热材料或绝缘材料制成的密封件。
具体地，如图8和图9所示，排气部32内设置有加强筋323，加强筋323将排气部32的内壁分隔为至少两个第一空腔321。
其中，在排气部32成型时，可以一体成型出该加强筋323，加强筋323可以加强排气部32整体结构，保证结构可靠性，提升排气部32对喷出的高压气体的承受能力，延长使用寿命。在一种实施例中，该加强筋323可以在排气组件3的厚度方向分隔出两个第一腔体，从而可以通过两个第一腔体分别对排气组件3两侧的电池单体2所喷出的高温高压气体进行排气，可以防止一侧的高温高压气体对另一侧的电池单体2造成影响。
具体地，排气部32内还设置有第三空腔322，第三空腔322设置于第一空腔321和第二空腔331之间，第三空腔322的侧壁设置有通孔322a，第三空腔322通过通孔322a与第一空腔321连通。
当第一空腔321内的高温高压气体较多时，会对排气组件3整体造成较大负担，例如气体不能及时排出，高温高压气体积聚过多会对第一空腔321的内壁造成过大的压力，易造成排气组件3的变形损坏，降低使用寿命。为此，本实施例中，通过设置第三空腔322，可以使第一空腔321内的部分气体通过通孔322a流入至第三空腔322，从而可以通过第一空腔321和第三空腔322共同排气，降低了排气组件3的负担，提升了排气效率。
具体地，排气部32内设置有防火件。该防火件可以设置在与电池单体2的防爆阀相对的位置处，可在电池单体2发生热失控通过防爆阀释放热空气和火星等流体时，防止流体直接冲击排气部32的内壁，而造成排气部32损毁，甚至失火燃烧。
其中，防火件可以采用熔点较大的材质，使得火焰不会融化防火件。具体地，本实施例中的防火件的材质为云母，由于云母的熔点很高(大约1723℃)，因此可以达到防火件的耐火需求，并且云母板具有优良的加工性能。但是，本申请并不局限于云母 的实施方式。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池包，如前文记载可知，电池包包括箱体1和至少一个电池单体2，电池单体2设置于箱体1内，排气组件3连接于箱体1的内壁，电池单体2设置于排气组件3在厚度方向上的至少一侧。其中，排气组件3可以焊接、铆接或螺接于箱体1，从而可以便于排气组件3的组装，同时还可以提升排气组件3与箱体1连接的可靠性。
具体地，如图4至图7所示，电池包的箱体1还包括第一部分11和/或第二部分12，排气组件3通过连接部31连接于第一部分11和/或第二部分12。从而可以提升排气组件3与箱体1连接的灵活性，能够根据不同的排气场景选择合适的连接方式，提升了排气组件3的通用性。
其中，箱体1的侧壁内部和/或第二部分12内部设置有气体通道，气体通道与排气部32连通。也就是说，第一部分11或第二部分12的内部可以设置有用于气体流通的空腔，当排气组件3通过连接部31连接于第一部分11或第二部分12后，排气部32可以与第一部分11或第二部分12内的空腔连通，排气部32排出的气体可以进入至第一部分11或第二部分12的空腔内，并能够进一步通过第一部分11或第二部分12内的空腔排出至电池包外。
具体地，箱体上也可以设置有排气阀，当箱体上设置有能够与排气部连通的气体通道时，排气阀可以与该气体通道的出气口连接，并能够控制气体通道的出气口的开闭，从而可以在需要对外排气时通过排气阀打开出气口，使气体通道与外部大气连通，而在不需要排气时可以控制出气口关闭，实现密封，防止外部杂质进入至气体通道内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案所述的电池包，并且电池包用于为用电装置提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图7和图8，本申请提供了一种排气组件，排气组件设置于电池包100内，可以将电池包100内分隔出两个以上的容纳空间，用于容纳电池单体2。排气组件内设置有第一空腔321、第二空腔331和第三空腔322，第三空腔322设置于第一空腔321和第二空腔331之间，电池单体2可以分别设置于排气组件的两侧，并能够分别通过各自的防爆阀与对应的第一空腔321连通，热失控的电池单体2通过防爆阀可以将高温高压气体及导电颗粒排入至第一空腔321，第一空腔321可以将气体排出至电池包100外部。同时，第三空腔322通过通孔322a与第一空腔321连通，可以提高气体排出效率及排气的安全性。第二空腔331设置于排气组件在高度方向上的两端，第二空腔331远离第一空腔321的一端可以通过螺钉等连接件固定在电池包100的箱体1上，且第二空腔331与第一空腔321和第三空腔322不连通，由此，第一空腔321或第三空腔322中的气体不会进入至第二空腔331中，从而不会在连接件紧固的位置处发生气体泄露。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种排气组件，其特征在于，所述排气组件包括排气部、连接部和密封结构，所述排气部用于接收来自电池单体的排放物；
    所述排气组件通过所述连接部连接于电池包的箱体，所述密封结构设置于所述连接部与所述箱体的连接位置处。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述排气部内设置有第一空腔，所述第一空腔的侧壁设置有用于与所述电池单体配合的排气孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述密封结构包括第二空腔，所述第二空腔与所述第一空腔互不连通，所述连接部形成于所述密封结构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述连接部为设置于所述密封结构的固定孔，所述固定孔与所述第二空腔连通，所述排气组件通过所述固定孔和连接件的配合固定于所述箱体。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述排气部内设置有分隔部，所述第一空腔通过所述分隔部与所述第二空腔分隔。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述密封结构的一端固定于所述排气部，所述密封结构背离所述排气部的一端设置有所述连接部。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述排气部与所述密封结构一体成型。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述密封结构包括密封圈或密封胶，所述密封圈或密封胶密封设置于所述连接部与所述箱体的连接位置处。
  9. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述排气部内设置有加强筋，所述加强筋将所述排气部的内壁分隔为至少两个第一空腔。
  10. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述排气部内还设置有第三空腔，所述第三空腔设置于所述第一空腔和所述第二空腔之间，所述第三空腔的侧壁设置有通孔，所述第三空腔通过所述通孔与所述第一空腔连通。
  11. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的排气组件，其特征在于，所述排气部内设置有防火件。
  12. 一种电池包，所述电池包包括箱体和至少一个电池单体，所述电池单体设置于所述箱体内，其特征在于，所述电池包还包括至少一个权利要求1-11任一项所述的排气组件，所述排气组件连接于所述箱体的内壁，所述电池单体设置于所述排气组件在厚度方向上的至少一侧。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述排气组件将所述箱体内分隔为两个以上的容纳空间，所述电池单体设置于所述容纳空间中。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述排气组件焊接、铆接或螺接于所述箱体。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述箱体还包括第一部分和/或第二部分，所述第一部分扣合于所述第二部分，所述排气组件通过所述连接部连接 于所述第一部分和/或所述第二部分。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述箱体的侧壁内部和/或所述第二部分内部设置有气体通道，所述气体通道与所述排气部连通。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述箱体设置有排气阀，所述排气阀与所述气体通道的出气口连通。
  18. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求12-17任一项所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2022/122207 2022-09-28 2022-09-28 排气组件、电池包及用电装置 WO2024065295A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012212659A (ja) * 2011-03-30 2012-11-01 Tesla Motors Inc バッテリパックガス排出システム
CN111446397A (zh) * 2020-04-26 2020-07-24 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 一种电池包箱体及电池包
CN215680882U (zh) * 2021-06-16 2022-01-28 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 一种电池包
CN216054969U (zh) * 2021-07-09 2022-03-15 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 一种带泄压通道的模组扣板及其电池模组

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012212659A (ja) * 2011-03-30 2012-11-01 Tesla Motors Inc バッテリパックガス排出システム
CN111446397A (zh) * 2020-04-26 2020-07-24 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 一种电池包箱体及电池包
CN215680882U (zh) * 2021-06-16 2022-01-28 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 一种电池包
CN216054969U (zh) * 2021-07-09 2022-03-15 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 一种带泄压通道的模组扣板及其电池模组

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