WO2024056908A1 - Système modulaire et installation d'ascenseur à poissons - Google Patents

Système modulaire et installation d'ascenseur à poissons Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024056908A1
WO2024056908A1 PCT/EP2023/075550 EP2023075550W WO2024056908A1 WO 2024056908 A1 WO2024056908 A1 WO 2024056908A1 EP 2023075550 W EP2023075550 W EP 2023075550W WO 2024056908 A1 WO2024056908 A1 WO 2024056908A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fish
fish ladder
ladder
weir
during operation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/075550
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Winkler
Original Assignee
DIVE Turbinen GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DIVE Turbinen GmbH & Co. KG filed Critical DIVE Turbinen GmbH & Co. KG
Publication of WO2024056908A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024056908A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
    • E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/40—Flow geometry or direction
    • F05B2210/403—Radial inlet and axial outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F05B2240/243—Rotors for turbines of the Archimedes screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a modular system and a fish ladder as well as an arrangement with a preferably floating hydroelectric power plant and at least one fish ladder.
  • the fish ladder system enables fish to rise from the lower water of a river to the upper water of the river.
  • a hydroelectric power plant with a working screw and a screw conveyor is known from EP 2 735 728 B1.
  • the conveyor screw is typically used for fish ascent, while the work screw is used for fish descent.
  • a hydroelectric power plant is known from WO 2018/146289 A1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fish ladder, a modular system and an arrangement with a preferably floating hydroelectric power plant and at least one fish ladder, which enable an improved design and functionality.
  • the object is achieved by a fish ladder, which is arranged in operation on a weir arranged in a watercourse, which separates an upstream water of the river from a lower water of the river, wherein at least one fish ladder is provided, which during operation provides a fish ladder from the downstream water to the upper water and a buoyant floating body is provided which carries at least one fish ladder.
  • the object is achieved by a modular system with at least one such fish ladder and at least one floating hydroelectric power plant, the at least one fish ladder being at least indirectly connectable to the at least one floating hydropower plant.
  • the object is achieved by an arrangement with a preferably floating hydroelectric power plant and at least one fish ladder, which is arranged in operation on a weir arranged in a river and which separates an upper water of the river from a lower water of the river, wherein the fish ladder has at least one Has a fish ladder, which enables fish to climb from the underwater to the upper water during operation, and wherein the at least one fish ladder of the fish ladder is guided through at least one turbine suction pipe of the hydroelectric power plant.
  • At least one fish ladder is designed as a fish ladder, fish lift, fish lock, Denil fish pass or meander fish pass. This provides a wide range of applications.
  • an outlet nose is provided, which is arranged above the headwater during operation and/or that at least one line is provided with which the floating body is connected to the weir and/or a weir pillar and/or a bank during operation.
  • the outlet nose is designed in such a way that raking into the weir is made possible by means of the outlet nose and/or that at least one support element, in particular a support poster, is provided on the outlet nose, by means of which the outlet nose is attached to the weir during operation can be supported in particular horizontally and/or vertically.
  • the outlet nose is immersed in the upper water during operation and the floating body does not rest on the river bottom in the lower water. This allows advantageous adaptation to different water levels.
  • the floating body has at least one bait tank for adjusting the buoyancy. This provides an advantageous opportunity to set, in particular regulate, a draft.
  • a system technology provided for at least the at least one fish ladder is carried by the floating body and/or that at least one cable drum is provided, which is at least essentially supported by the floating body, the cable drum being used to roll up a flexible cable During operation, it is used to electrically connect the system technology to an external power grid. As a result, an electrical energy supply can be made available in an advantageous manner.
  • a self-propelled device which is used to move the floating body in the water. This further improves self-sufficiency.
  • a conventional fish ladder can be installed on a floating body.
  • Various techniques can be used for fish ladders, which can be installed compactly on the floating body.
  • a fish ladder, a fish lift, a fish lock, a Denil fish pass or a meander fish pass can be used. These can be installed floating on a floating body.
  • the entire floating fish ladder is preferably mobile and preferably not permanently connected to the structure (weir).
  • the floating fish ladder is preferably approached to the weir with a minimum draft in the underwater. This can preferably be done using your own drive or a tractor or cable winches.
  • the fish ladder is preferably moved over the top of the weir so that the outlet nose of the fish ladder is above the headwater level.
  • the floating fish ladder is held securely in position, it is preferably either “raked” into the body of the weir, if possible, or, depending on its size, moored to the weir and/or weir pillars and/or bank with one or more forelines, aftlines, foresprings and aftsprings. In some cases, additional stabilization can be achieved between the fore/aft line and the spring using a “chest” or cross line. Raking into the weir body is preferably done via an outlet nose of the fish ladder.
  • the floating fish ladder is then lowered or submerged to operating level, preferably via one or more controlled floating bodies.
  • the draft is preferably set so that the outlet nose of the fish ladder is immersed in the upper water and the floating body does not rest on the river bottom in the lower water.
  • the outlet nose of the fish ladder can then be “raked” onto the weir body if it can absorb the additional load.
  • the floating fish ladder can be fixed to the weir and/or weir pillar and/or bank using lines.
  • the fish ladder can then be put into operation.
  • the water from the upper water is pumped over the weir crest into the fish ladder, which then flows down.
  • the fish ladder pumps water from the lower water to the upper water, which is possible with a fish ladder.
  • the entire system technology including motor, control, etc., is preferably located on the floating body, so that only a power supply from land may be required.
  • the power supply is preferably provided via a flexible cable which is connected to the power grid with a plug on land, in particular on the weir, a weir crest or on the bank. This plug can be detached and the cable is then rolled up onto the cable drum located on the floating body.
  • the entire floating fish ladder can preferably be floated away, for which it preferably has its own drive. This can also be done using a tractor or winches take place. The fish ladder must then be securely moored in a place protected from floating debris.
  • the entire floating fish ladder in the event of flooding, can be brought to a minimum draft, i.e. float, and kept at a safe distance from the weir using ropes.
  • an attracting current can be generated as follows.
  • This attracting current can preferably be generated either via a hydroelectric power plant, e.g. by one or more turbines, which have their outlet in the immediate vicinity of the floating fish ladder, or via a separate pipe which takes water from the upper water, which is done by a pump or a siphon can be done.
  • the difference in height between the upper water level and the downstream water level is preferably the head.
  • Flotsam and ice separators as well as floating bodies and possibly several floating bodies can be provided at the outlet.
  • One or more extendable and lockable supports that can be operated hydraulically or electrically can be provided at the outlet. The supports can be arranged vertically or obliquely.
  • At least the outlet of the fish ladder can be raised and provided with a sealing surface. Furthermore, a pivot point can be specified if the outlet is to be raised.
  • a drive can be provided for lifting the spout, which can be hydraulic or electrical if the spout is to be raised.
  • dampers that can act horizontally and vertically can be provided if there is contact with the weir.
  • a damper may be provided at the lower edge of the outlet of the fish ladder.
  • the lower edge of the outlet of the fish ladder is kept constantly above the weir, whereby a sufficient distance can be specified.
  • the fish ladder is preferably realized with an inclined axis.
  • a motor with or without a gearbox or belt can be provided here.
  • At least one buoyancy body can be provided with or without drive and/or control, so that the function of a ship, a pontoon or the like is realized.
  • One or more bait tanks can be provided for buoyancy control and as a counterweight to the end of the fish ladder.
  • the electrical equipment (system) preferably also serves as a counterweight to the motor, including its control and monitoring.
  • a transformer and a medium-voltage switchgear can optionally be provided.
  • a hydraulic unit can optionally be provided.
  • One or more cable drums can be used for power and control cables. However, these can also be arranged on land or on a floating power plant. Low voltage or medium voltage can be used.
  • a plug system can be used for easy disconnection and connection.
  • One or more extendable and lockable supports which can be designed hydraulically or electrically, can be arranged on the floating body, whereby the arrangement can be vertical or oblique.
  • One or more attachment points can be provided on the floating power plant or the floating fish ladder in order to moor the floating power plant or the floating fish ladder, which is preferably done either with the weir and / or with weir pillars or other floating bodies.
  • One or more attachment points can also be provided on the weir and/or on weir pillars or other floating bodies in order to moor the floating power plant and the floating fish ladder.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the fish ladder which z. B. can be designed as a fish ladder, fish lift or fish lock, then the function or transport through the suction pipe, since directly via the suction pipe A turbine can generate an attracting flow for entry into the fish ladder.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fish ladder in a schematic, excerpted representation in a side view transverse to a flow direction of the river according to an exemplary embodiment, with an arrangement on a weir being shown and possible levels or water levels of an upper and lower water being shown;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic, spatial representation of the fish ladder shown in Fig. 1, with an arrangement on a weir being shown and possible levels or water levels of an upper and lower water being shown;
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement with a fish ladder and hydroelectric power plants to illustrate a modular system, showing a view from above, in which the fish ladder and the hydroelectric power plants are arranged on a weir;
  • FIG. 4 shows a further arrangement with fish ladders and hydroelectric power plants to illustrate the modular system, showing a view from above, in which the fish ladders and hydroelectric power plants are arranged on a weir;
  • Fig. 5 shows an arrangement with a hydroelectric power plant and an integrated fish ladder according to an exemplary embodiment in a schematic representation in a side view transverse to a flow direction of the watercourse according to an exemplary embodiment, with an arrangement on a weir being shown and possible levels or water levels of an upper and lower water are shown;
  • Fig. 6 shows the arrangement shown in Fig. 5, a view from above being shown, in which the hydroelectric power plant with the fish ladder is arranged on a weir.
  • Fig. 1 shows a fish ladder 1 in a schematic, excerpted representation in a side view transverse to a flow direction 14 of the river 2 according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the fish ladder 1 is shown on a weir 3, so that operation of the fish ladder 1 is possible.
  • the weir 3 separates an upper water 4 of the flowing water 2 from a lower water 5 of the flowing water 2.
  • the fish ladder 1 has a fish ladder 6, which enables fish to rise from the lower water 5 to the upper water 4 during operation.
  • the fish ladder 6 is designed as a fish ladder.
  • the fish ladder 6 can also be designed, for example, as a fish lift, fish lock, Denil fish pass or meander fish pass.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic, spatial representation of the fish ladder 1 shown in Fig. 1, with an arrangement on a weir 3 being shown and possible levels or water levels of an upper and lower water being shown.
  • the fish ladder 1 includes a buoyant floating body 7, which carries the fish ladder 6.
  • an outlet nose 8 is provided, which is arranged above the upper water 4 when the fish ladder 1 is attached to the weir 3.
  • the outlet nose 8 dips into the upper water 4 during operation.
  • Lines 9, 9' can be provided for fastening, of which the lines 9, 9' are shown as an example in FIG.
  • the floating body 7 can be connected to the weir 3 for operation via the lines 9, 9 '.
  • a connection with a defensive pillar and/or a bank 20 is also possible.
  • the outlet nose 8 is designed in such a way that in the operating position of the fish ladder 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outlet nose 8 can be raked into the weir 3.
  • support elements 10, 11, 12, which are designed as support posters 10, 11, 12 are provided on the outlet nose 8, via which the outlet nose 8 is supported horizontally and vertically on the weir 3.
  • the floating body 7 is designed so that it does not rest on the river bed 15 during operation in the underwater 5.
  • a draft can preferably be variably adjusted.
  • the floating body 7 can, for example, have at least one bait tank 16, via which buoyancy adjustment is possible.
  • only one bait tank 16 is marked in FIG.
  • a system technology 21 is provided, which is carried by the floating body 7.
  • a cable drum 22 is provided, which is also carried by the floating body 7.
  • the cable drum 22 is used to roll up a flexible cable 23, via which the system technology 21 is connected to an external power network 24.
  • a self-propelled device 17 is provided, which is used to move the floating body 7 in the water.
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement 40 with the fish ladder 1 and hydroelectric power plants 31, 32 to illustrate a modular system 30, a view from above being shown.
  • the fish ladder 1 and the hydroelectric power plants 31, 32 are arranged on a weir.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further arrangement 40 with fish ladders 1, T and hydroelectric power plants 31 to 36 to illustrate the modular system, a view from above being shown, in which the fish ladders 1, T and the hydropower plants 31 to 36 are arranged on the weir 3 are.
  • the modular system 30 can generally implement arrangements with at least one fish ladder 1, T and at least one floating hydroelectric power plant 31 to 36. These are at least one fish ladder 1, T at least indirectly connected to the at least one floating hydroelectric power plant 31 to 36.
  • Fig. 5 shows an arrangement 40 with a hydroelectric power plant 31 and an integrated fish ladder 1 according to an exemplary embodiment in a schematic representation in a side view transverse to a flow direction 14 of the watercourse 2 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the arrangement 40 is shown on the weir 3, with possible levels or water levels of the upper water 4 and the lower water 5 being shown.
  • Fig. 6 shows the arrangement 40 shown in Fig. 5, a view from above being shown, in which the hydroelectric power plant 31 with the fish ladder 1 is arranged on the weir 3.
  • the arrangement 40 is implemented with a floating hydroelectric power plant 31 and a fish ladder 1.
  • the arrangement 40 is arranged on the weir 3 arranged in the river 2, which separates the upper water 4 of the river 2 from the lower water 5 of the river 2.
  • the fish ladder 1 has a fish ladder 6.
  • the fish ladder 6 enables fish to rise from the lower water 5 to the upper water 4.
  • the fish ladder 6 of the fish ladder 1 is guided through the turbine suction pipe 45 of the hydroelectric power plant 31.
  • a flow machine 46 which can be designed as a turbine, of the hydroelectric power plant 31 can be driven by a water flow from the upper water 4 to the lower water 5.
  • the fish ladder 6 is designed as a fish ladder.
  • the fish ladder 6 can also be designed, for example, as a fish lift, fish lock, Denil fish pass or meander fish pass.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation d'ascenseur à poisson (1), qui, pendant le fonctionnement, est disposée sur un déversoir (3) disposé dans un corps d'eau en écoulement (2) et sépare l'eau de tête (4) de la masse d'eau s'écoulant (2) de l'eau de queue (5) de la masse d'eau s'écoulant (2), au moins un dispositif d'ascenseur à poisson (6) étant prévu, qui, pendant le fonctionnement, permet au poisson d'être remonté de l'eau de queue (5) à l'eau de tête (4). L'invention propose la fourniture d'un flotteur flottant (7) qui supporte au moins le dispositif d'ascenseur à poisson (6). Un système modulaire (30) comprenant au moins une installation d'ascenseur à poisson et un agencement (40) comprenant une centrale hydroélectrique de préférence flottante (31) sont également décrits.
PCT/EP2023/075550 2022-09-15 2023-09-15 Système modulaire et installation d'ascenseur à poissons WO2024056908A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022123700.1A DE102022123700A1 (de) 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 Modulares System und Fischaufstiegsanlage
DE102022123700.1 2022-09-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024056908A1 true WO2024056908A1 (fr) 2024-03-21

Family

ID=88192169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2023/075550 WO2024056908A1 (fr) 2022-09-15 2023-09-15 Système modulaire et installation d'ascenseur à poissons

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102022123700A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024056908A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009007028A1 (de) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-12 Michael Pokriefke Schwimmende Wasserkraftanlage mit Fischaufstiegshilfe
DE202011108819U1 (de) * 2011-12-08 2012-01-27 Walter Albrecht Wasserkraftschnecke
DE202012010149U1 (de) * 2012-10-22 2012-12-20 Erneuerbare Energien Europa E3 Gmbh Wasserkraftwerk zur Wandlung der potentiellen Wasserenergie
EP2735728B1 (fr) 2012-11-27 2016-07-20 Rehart GmbH Centrale hydroélectrique
WO2018146289A1 (fr) 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 Fella Maschinenbau Gmbh Centrale hydroélectrique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009007028A1 (de) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-12 Michael Pokriefke Schwimmende Wasserkraftanlage mit Fischaufstiegshilfe
DE202011108819U1 (de) * 2011-12-08 2012-01-27 Walter Albrecht Wasserkraftschnecke
DE202012010149U1 (de) * 2012-10-22 2012-12-20 Erneuerbare Energien Europa E3 Gmbh Wasserkraftwerk zur Wandlung der potentiellen Wasserenergie
EP2735728B1 (fr) 2012-11-27 2016-07-20 Rehart GmbH Centrale hydroélectrique
WO2018146289A1 (fr) 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 Fella Maschinenbau Gmbh Centrale hydroélectrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102022123700A1 (de) 2024-03-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1747373B1 (fr) Systeme de turbine a flux libre
EP3051128A1 (fr) Procédé d'installation d'une éolienne offshore avec un fondament flottant
EP0034605A1 (fr) Installation pour la production d'energie electrique a partir de cours d'eau et ensemble-turbine pour une telle installation
EP2438294B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif d'installation d'une centrale marémotrice
DE2452560C2 (de) Verfahren zum Überführen einer Arbeitsplattform aus der schwimmenden Lage in eine aus dem Wasser herausgehobene Lage und Arbeitsplattform zur Ausführung des Verfahrens
DE102008046359A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Transport und Installieren von zumindest eine Flachgründung umfassende Anordnung einer Offshore-Windenergieanlage sowie Verfahren zum Transport und zur Installation einer solchen Flachgründung mit Mast
EP2909378B1 (fr) Installation à plusieurs puits et canal de liaison
DE3803570C2 (fr)
EP3717704B2 (fr) Utilisation d'un dispositif pour un transfert de sédiment dans des étendues d'eau
WO2016124250A1 (fr) Dispositif de plate-forme
WO2012175138A1 (fr) Structure porteuse flottante pour unité solaire d'une installation solaire et installation solaire correspondante
DE2606297A1 (de) Verfahren zum errichten einer werksanlage an land
WO2004076779A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour generer des ondes stationnaires dans des eaux courantes
WO2008092178A2 (fr) Roue mobile, coulisse et racloir à débris flottants pour centrale hydroélectrique
WO2024056908A1 (fr) Système modulaire et installation d'ascenseur à poissons
DE102010018892B3 (de) Stauwehr mit Turbinenanlage
DE102009016387A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Energie aus Wasserwellen
WO2014005625A1 (fr) Module d'installation solaire flottant et installation solaire correspondante
DE202009008836U1 (de) Unterwasserkraftwerk für ein Fließgewässer
DE10324791A1 (de) Anordnung zur Gewinnung von Energie aus Wasserkraft
WO2024056907A1 (fr) Système modulaire et centrale hydroélectrique
DE102014110877B4 (de) Wasserkraft-Staudruckeinrichtung
DE3544043A1 (de) Einrichtung zur erzeugung von elektrischer energie
DE102009057343B4 (de) Kraftwerkskomponente mit höhenverstellbarem Maschinenhaus für Pumpspeicherwerke und Pumpspeicherwerk
DE202008011923U1 (de) Stromerzeuger für Wasserläufe mit Wasserstandsanpassung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23786177

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1