WO2024056265A1 - Système d'actionnement de changeur de prise - Google Patents

Système d'actionnement de changeur de prise Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024056265A1
WO2024056265A1 PCT/EP2023/071136 EP2023071136W WO2024056265A1 WO 2024056265 A1 WO2024056265 A1 WO 2024056265A1 EP 2023071136 W EP2023071136 W EP 2023071136W WO 2024056265 A1 WO2024056265 A1 WO 2024056265A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tap changer
control
motor
tap
drive unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/071136
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Heger
Udo Hertel
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh
Publication of WO2024056265A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024056265A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms
    • H01H9/0033—Operating mechanisms with means for indicating the selected tap or limiting the number of selectable taps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for actuating at least one tap changer.
  • Tap changers are used for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a transformer.
  • Known on-load tap changers consist, for example, of a selector for power-free preselection of the respective winding tap to which switching is to take place, and a diverter switch for the actual load switching from the previous winding tap to the new, preselected winding tap.
  • known tap changers have a motor drive, which is usually arranged on the tap changer head on the transformer cover.
  • the motor control including the motor driver is usually housed in a control cabinet that is connected to the motor drive via a cable. Since the cable length is limited, it is necessary to locate the control cabinet in close proximity to the transformer. As a rule, the control cabinet is therefore attached directly to the transformer housing.
  • the control cabinet also forms the interface to the user or the energy network operator and has corresponding input and output terminals for signal transmission.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is that, due to the limited cable length, the control cabinet is located in the immediate vicinity of the transformer and thus in a danger area for the operator.
  • Another disadvantage is that the equipment and devices that are required for the measurement, control and regulation technology of networks and that require signals from the controller are located away from the transformer, for example in a substation operating building or a control room are located, so that there is a lot of cabling from the transformer to the operational building or the control room.
  • installing the control cabinet itself and setting up the corresponding signal interfaces requires a lot of effort.
  • the improved concept is based on the idea of relocating the components relevant to operating the tap changer to where they are needed.
  • it is proposed to integrate the electronic motor control together with the motor driver and, if available, an energy storage unit together with the motor and the gearbox directly into the drive unit on the tap changer head, and to integrate the signal interfaces for the operator into the operating building of the substation where the network control technology devices are located. In this way, the switch cabinet on the transformer can be completely eliminated and the amount of cables can be reduced.
  • a system for actuating at least one tap changer which comprises a tap changer for switching between winding taps of a control winding of a transformer, the tap changer having a position sensor for detecting the current position of the tap changer.
  • the position sensor indicates which winding tap of the control winding the tap changer is currently located on.
  • the system includes a drive unit that has a motor and a transmission, as well as a control unit that has at least one external signal interface.
  • the external signal interface is used for the input and output of operator signals or network control technology signals.
  • the motor is designed, for example, as a servo motor, direct current motor or brushless direct current motor.
  • the drive unit also includes a motor control and a motor driver.
  • the motor control is designed to receive the current position of the tap changer from the position transmitter and to actuate the motor in such a way that the tap changer is switched from a winding tap to a new winding tap.
  • the control unit is designed to operate the engine control.
  • the actuation takes place, for example, depending on a voltage regulator that monitors the mains voltage and keeps it in a specified target range via switching commands to the tap changer or the control unit.
  • the control unit can also be controlled by a higher-level control device, for example a control room.
  • the control unit with the external interfaces to the network control technology or the operator does not necessarily have to be located near the transformer, which offers the operator more freedom when selecting the location of the control unit and has the additional advantage that the operator does not have access to the system control is no longer in the danger zone.
  • the engine control is preferably designed as an electronic control, in particular as a programmable logic controller.
  • the tap changer has a tap changer head, by means of which the tap changer can be fixed to a housing of the transformer, the drive unit being arranged directly on the tap changer head.
  • the tap changer head can, for example, be designed as a flange and be located on the transformer cover.
  • control unit is arranged spatially separated from the tap changer and the transformer, in particular in an operating building of a substation and/or a control room.
  • the system comprises a first line for internal communication between the drive unit and the control unit.
  • the first line is designed as a communication line.
  • the drive unit and the control unit each have a communication interface.
  • the communication interface is used to transmit the tap changer signals, which are detected by corresponding sensors in the tap changer and transmitted from the drive unit to the control unit via the first line, as well as to control the tap changer.
  • the sensors for example an end position sensor that indicates when the tap changer is in an end position, a temperature sensor that measures the temperature in the tap changer, a moisture sensor that measures the moisture of the insulating oil in the tap changer, or a current sensor that measures the load current of the tap changer, transmit the corresponding measured values to the drive unit, in particular the motor control of the drive unit. There the measured values are digitalized sified and further transmitted to the control unit.
  • the current position of the tap changer which is detected by the position sensor, is also transmitted via the first line.
  • a bus system is used for internal communication.
  • the advantage of using a bus system is the possibility of data exchange or communication between several participants in the system as well as the large spatial distance that is made possible between the participants via a bus system.
  • Another advantage of using a bus system is the standardized communication protocols used for communication.
  • the system comprises a second line for supplying voltage to the drive unit.
  • the first and second lines are designed as a common line.
  • the first and second lines can also be designed as a hybrid line.
  • the system therefore includes a maximum of two lines between the drive unit on the transformer and the control unit, which are used for communication and power supply. This reduces the amount of cable required to a possible minimum.
  • the drive unit comprises an electrical energy storage.
  • the energy storage ensures in particular that even in the event of a malfunction, for example a power failure or a breakdown in communication, a changeover of the tap changer that has been started is completed.
  • the electrical energy storage is designed as a capacitor or as a battery.
  • the tap changer comprises a mechanical spring energy storage.
  • An output shaft driven by the motor at a constant speed pretensions a storage spring to a maximum point. After this maximum point is exceeded, the storage spring suddenly relaxes and suddenly drives a drive shaft, which in turn actuates the corresponding contacts to switch the tap changer to the new position.
  • the system comprises a spring energy storage and/or an energy storage.
  • the control unit comprises an input unit.
  • the input unit can be designed in any way for entering data into the control unit.
  • the input unit can, for example, be designed as a local operating unit on the control unit and have a rotary wheel arranged on the control unit, buttons, a connection for external storage media, for example a connection for a USB stick or an SD card, or a touchscreen or combinations thereof.
  • the input unit can be designed as a mobile terminal, for example as a tablet or smartphone, and can be connected wirelessly to the control unit.
  • control unit and the input unit can each be designed as separate units or as a common structural unit.
  • control unit comprises an output unit for outputting data and signals relating to the system.
  • the output can be done in any way, for example visualized on a screen or as digital or analog signals for further processing in an adjacent or higher-level system, for example the operator system.
  • control unit and the output unit can each be designed as separate units or as a common structural unit.
  • the input unit and the output unit are designed as separate units or as a common unit.
  • control unit, the input unit and the output unit are designed as a common unit.
  • control unit can be omitted and the drive unit can be controlled directly from an adjacent or higher-level system, for example the operator system.
  • the operator system maps the functionality of the control unit.
  • the system comprises at least one second tap changer for switching between winding taps of a control winding of a transformer, wherein the at least one second tap changer has a second position sensor for detecting the current position of the at least one second tap changer.
  • the system comprises at least one second drive unit, which has a second motor and a second transmission and which is assigned at least one second tap changer, wherein the at least one second connection drive unit further comprises a second motor control and a second motor driver, wherein the second motor control is designed to receive the current position of the at least one second step switch from the second position transmitter and to actuate the second motor such that a switching of the at least one second step switch from one winding tap to a new winding tap.
  • the control unit is designed to operate each engine control in the system.
  • the system's motor controls can be operated individually or together or in parallel.
  • the second tap changer can be assigned to a second transformer or the same transformer as the first tap changer.
  • the motor controls are operated separately, for example in phase shifter applications. Common or parallel actuation of the motor controls occurs, for example, when several single-phase or three-phase transformers run in parallel. In this case, each transformer has a tap changer assigned to it.
  • the system comprises a first, a second and a third tap changer for switching between winding taps of a control winding of at least one transformer, each tap changer having a position sensor for detecting the current position of the respective tap changer.
  • the system according to this embodiment further comprises a first, a second and a third drive unit, each of which has a motor and a gearbox and each is assigned to one of the three tap changers, each drive unit further comprising a motor controller and a motor driver, each motor controller being associated therewith is designed to receive the current position of the respective assigned tap changer from the respective position transmitter and to actuate the respective motor in such a way that the respective assigned tap changer is switched from a winding tap to a new winding tap.
  • the system includes a control unit that is designed to operate each engine control of the system separately or together or in parallel.
  • the system comprises a first, a second and a third tap changer for switching between winding taps of a control winding of at least one transformer, each tap changer having a position sensor for detecting the current position of the respective tap changer.
  • the system according to this embodiment further comprises a first, a second and a third drive unit, each of which has a motor and a gearbox and is each assigned to one of the three tap changers, each drive unit further comprising a motor control and a motor driver, each motor control being designed to determine the current position of the respective assigned tap changer from the respective Receive position transmitters and operate the respective motor in such a way that the respective assigned tap changer is switched from a winding tap to a new winding tap.
  • one of the three motor controls is defined as a master and is designed to actuate the two other motor controls, which are designed as slaves, together or separately.
  • the system includes a control unit which is designed to control the drive unit of the system, defined as the master, and via this to indirectly operate the two other drive units, which are designed as slaves. Consequently, the control unit is designed to operate each engine control of the system directly or indirectly, separately or together or in parallel.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a system according to the improved concept in a schematic representation
  • Figure 2 shows a further schematic representation of the system from Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the system according to the improved
  • Figure 4 shows a third embodiment of the system according to the improved concept in a schematic representation
  • Figure 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the system according to the improved concept in a schematic representation.
  • a first embodiment of a system 1 according to the improved concept is shown in a schematic representation.
  • the system 1 includes a tap changer 2 for switching between winding taps Nj, Nj + i, NJ + 2, N N of a control winding 3 of a transformer 4.
  • the transformer 4 is, for example, a power transformer that is located in a substation.
  • the tap changer 2 has, for example, a selector (not shown) for the power-free preselection of the respective winding tap N N J+i on.
  • the tap changer 2 is attached to a housing 10 of the transformer 4, in particular to the transformer cover, by means of a tap changer head 9.
  • the tap changer head 9 is designed, for example, as a flange.
  • a drive module 6 is arranged directly on the tap changer head 9.
  • the tap changer 2 further comprises a position sensor 5, which is designed to determine the current position of the tap changer 2, i.e. the winding tap Nj, N J + i, NJ + 2, ..., N N on which the tap changer 2 is currently located. and to transmit it to an engine control 8 in the form of an analog or digital signal via a signal connection S1.
  • the signal S1 can be transmitted via a cable or wirelessly, for example via radio.
  • the motor control 8 is arranged in the drive unit 6 and is designed as a programmable logic controller.
  • the system 1 also includes a control unit 7, which is designed to control the engine control 8.
  • a first line 11 is provided from the control unit 7 to the drive unit 6, which is designed as a BUS communication line.
  • the actuation of the drive unit 6 or the motor control 8 takes place depending on a voltage regulator 22 or a higher-level control device 23, such as a control room.
  • the drive unit 6 is supplied with voltage via a second line 12.
  • the control unit 7 is housed in a company building 21, where the network control technology devices (not shown) are usually also located.
  • Figure 2 shows the system from Figure 1 in a further, schematic representation, with the drive unit 6 and the control unit 7 in particular being shown in detail.
  • the system 1 from FIG. 2 see the previous explanations the system 1 from Figure 1 is referred to in an analogous manner and only the differences and additional features are discussed below.
  • the drive unit 6 included in the system 1 therefore comprises a motor 14, which operates the tap changer 2, in particular the selector and the diverter switch, via a drive shaft 30 and a gear 13, as well as a motor driver 15 and an energy storage 16.
  • the motor control 8 is designed for this purpose , to pick up the current position of the step switch 2 from the position sensor 5 and to operate the motor 14 and the motor driver 15.
  • the drive unit 6 has an internal communication interface 17, which is designed as a BUS communication interface and via which communication with the control unit 7 is implemented.
  • the control unit 7 therefore also includes an internal communication interface 17, which is designed as a BUS communication interface and via which communication with the drive unit 6 takes place.
  • the energy storage 16 of the drive unit 6 is supplied with energy via an energy supply device 20.
  • the control unit 7 also has an input unit 18, which is also designed as an output unit 18 and via which an operator of the system 1 can manually operate the control unit 18 and read out data.
  • the input and output unit 18 is designed as a touchscreen.
  • the control unit 7 includes an external signal interface 19, which is used for the electrical input and output of operator signals or the signals of the network control technology. For example, switching signals come in from the voltage regulator 22 and/or the higher-level control device 23 or control room via the external signal interface 19, and/or analog and/or digital signals come out from the sensors of the tap changer 2.
  • Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the system according to the improved concept in a schematic representation.
  • Figure 3 shows a possible application of the system 1, where the system 1 comprises several tap changers and several transformers.
  • the system 1 from FIG. 3 reference is made to the previous explanations of the system 1 from FIGS. 1 and 2 in an analogous manner and only the differences and additional features will be discussed below.
  • the system 1 comprises, in addition to a first tap changer 2 for switching between winding taps of a control winding (FIG. 1) of a first transformer 4, a second tap changer 24 for switching between winding taps of a control winding of a second transformer 25 and a third tap changer 26 for switching between winding taps of a control winding of a third transformer 27.
  • Each tap changer 2, 24, 26 each has a position sensor 5 for detecting the current position of the respective tap changer 2, 24, 26.
  • the system 1 further comprises a first drive unit 6, which is assigned to the first step switch 2, a second drive unit 28, which is assigned to the second step switch 24, and a third drive unit 29, which is assigned to the third step switch 26.
  • Each drive unit 6, 28, 29 also includes a motor control 8 and a motor driver 15 ( Figure 2).
  • Each motor control 8 is designed to receive the current position of the respective step switch 2, 24, 26 from the respective position transmitter 5 and to actuate the respective motor 14 (FIG. 2) in such a way that the respective step switch 2, 24, 26 can be switched he follows.
  • the system 1 further comprises a control unit 7, which is designed to operate each motor control 8 of the three drive units 6, 28 and 29.
  • the control unit 7 is connected to the drive units 6, 28, 29 via communication lines 11. Depending on the respective application, the actuation can take place separately or together or in parallel.
  • the number of transformers 4, 25, 27 and the tap changers 2, 24, 27 assigned to them together with drive units 6, 28, 29 in the system 1 is not limited to the specific number of three or another number.
  • Figure 4 shows a third embodiment of the system according to the improved concept in a schematic representation.
  • Figure 4 shows a further possible application of the system 1, where the system 1 comprises several tap changers and several transformers.
  • the system 1 from FIG. 4 reference is made in an analogous manner to the previous explanations of the system 1 from FIGS. 1 to 3 and only the differences and additional features will be discussed below.
  • the difference between this third embodiment and the second embodiment described in FIG. 3 is that one of the three motor controls is defined as the master, namely the master motor control 36, which operates the tap changer 24.
  • the master motor control 36 is designed to operate the two other motor controls 8, which in this case are designed as slaves and are assigned to the tap changers 2 and 26, together or separately.
  • the system 1 also includes a control unit 7, which is designed to control the master motor control 36 or the second drive unit 28 of the system 1, which are assigned to the tap changer 24, and via this indirectly the two other motor controls 8 or the Drive units 6 and 29, which are designed as slaves, to be operated. Consequently the control unit is 1 designed to operate each motor control 8, 36 and thus each step switch 2, 24, 26 of the system 1 directly or indirectly, separately or together or in parallel.
  • Figure 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the system according to the improved concept in a schematic representation. 5 shows a possible application of the system 1 in a wind turbine 31. With regard to the system 1 from FIG. 5, reference is made to the previous explanations of the system 1 from FIGS additional features were included.
  • Wind turbines produce electrical energy with a voltage of up to 1000 volts. This voltage is then transformed to medium voltage (10 to 30 kV) by transformers depending on the local grid voltage.
  • the wind turbine 31 according to Figure 5 comprises a tower 32 on which a nacelle 33 and a hub 34 with three rotor blades 35 are located.
  • the nacelle 33 is also referred to as a nacelle and contains the components required to convert the rotor rotation into electrical energy, including a gearbox and a generator (not shown).
  • the controllable transformer 4 of the system 1 is also located in the nacelle 33.
  • a transformer 4 is arranged in the nacelle 33, which includes a tap changer 2 according to the improved concept, which, however, is shown in Figure 4 for the purpose of better clarity is not shown.
  • the drive unit 6 included in the system 1 with the motor control 8 is also arranged in the nacelle 33.
  • the control unit 7 of the system 1 is arranged at the foot of the tower 32, easily accessible to the operator. Communication and energy supply between the control unit 7 and the drive unit 6 in the nacelle 33 is ensured via two cables 11 and 12.
  • the possibility of a flexible spatial arrangement of the components for actuating the tap changer, the simple structure due to the elimination of the control cabinet and the low amount of cables are a significant advantage for the operator of the wind turbine.
  • the improved concept provides a system for actuating a tap changer that enables an extremely compact design directly on the transformer, saves costs by eliminating the control cabinet on the transformer, is simple in design, in particular due to the minimized cable effort required by a BUS communication system is made possible, as well as a high level of flexibility in terms of range of applications.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (1) pour actionner au moins un changeur de prise, comprenant - un changeur de prise (2) pour changer entre des prises d'enroulement N N d'un enroulement de commande (3) d'un transformateur (4), le changeur de prise (2) ayant un détecteur de position (5) pour détecter la position actuelle du changeur de prise (2), - une unité d'entraînement (6) ayant un moteur (14) et une transmission (13), - une unité de commande (7) ayant une interface de signal externe (19), - l'unité d'entraînement (6) comprenant en outre un dispositif de commande de moteur (8) et un dispositif d'entraînement de moteur (15), le dispositif de commande de moteur (8) étant conçu pour recevoir la position actuelle du changeur de prise (2) à partir du détecteur de position (5) et pour actionner le moteur (14) de telle sorte que le changeur de prise (2) est changé d'une prise d'enroulement N J à une nouvelle prise d'enroulement N J +1 , - l'unité de commande (7) est conçue pour actionner le dispositif de commande de moteur (8).
PCT/EP2023/071136 2022-09-15 2023-07-31 Système d'actionnement de changeur de prise WO2024056265A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022123571.8A DE102022123571B3 (de) 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 System zur betätigung eines stufenschalters
DE102022123571.8 2022-09-15

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WO2024056265A1 true WO2024056265A1 (fr) 2024-03-21

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WO (1) WO2024056265A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002086647A2 (fr) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-31 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Dispositif permettant d'influer automatiquement sur un reseau d'alimentation electrique et commande a moteur correspondante
WO2012135209A1 (fr) * 2011-03-27 2012-10-04 Abb Technology Ag Changeur de prises à système d'entraînement amélioré
WO2020229122A1 (fr) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Système d'entraînement conçu pour un commutateur et procédé pour entraîner un commutateur
EP3813086A1 (fr) * 2018-06-19 2021-04-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Opérateur électrique pour changeur de prises et procédé de changement de prises

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2431884C2 (ru) 2006-08-25 2011-10-20 Абб Текнолоджи Лтд Электрический двигатель для переключателя отводов под нагрузкой
DE102019112721A1 (de) 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Verfahren zum Durchführen einer Umschaltung von mindestens zwei Schaltmitteln eines Betriebsmittels und Antriebssystem für mindestens zwei Schaltmittel in einem Betriebsmittel
DE102019112718A1 (de) 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Verfahren zum Durchführen einer Umschaltung von mindestens einem Schaltmittel eines Betriebsmittels und Antriebssystem für mindestens ein Schaltmittel eines Betriebsmittels
DE102020122444A1 (de) 2020-08-27 2022-03-03 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Laststufenschalter und Stufentransformator mit Laststufenschalter

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002086647A2 (fr) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-31 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Dispositif permettant d'influer automatiquement sur un reseau d'alimentation electrique et commande a moteur correspondante
WO2012135209A1 (fr) * 2011-03-27 2012-10-04 Abb Technology Ag Changeur de prises à système d'entraînement amélioré
EP3813086A1 (fr) * 2018-06-19 2021-04-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Opérateur électrique pour changeur de prises et procédé de changement de prises
WO2020229122A1 (fr) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Système d'entraînement conçu pour un commutateur et procédé pour entraîner un commutateur

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