WO2024055870A1

WO2024055870A1 - Antenna structure and electronic device

Info

Publication number: WO2024055870A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/116964
Authority: WO
Inventors: 薛亮; 储嘉慧; 余冬; 王汉阳; 赵方超; 孙思宁
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2022-09-14
Filing date: 2023-09-05
Publication date: 2024-03-21
Also published as: CN117748099A

Abstract

Provided in the embodiments of the present application are an antenna structure and an electronic device. Electronic components are loaded in predetermined current areas of a radiator, such that the radiator is in communication with a ground plane at the position, a boundary condition is adjusted, and the operating mode of the antenna structure is changed, so as to adjust a low-frequency resonant frequency band to be close to a high-frequency resonant frequency band, thereby expanding the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure.

Description

An antenna structure and electronic device

This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on September 14, 2022, with application number 202211114439.8 and application title "Antenna structure and electronic device", the entire content of which is incorporated into this application by reference. .

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to an antenna structure and electronic equipment.

Background technique

As people's demand for high-speed data transmission increases, the development trend of industrial design (ID) of electronic equipment is towards large screen-to-body ratio and multiple cameras. This results in a significant reduction in antenna headroom and increasingly restricted layout space.

Under the current status, the communication frequency bands of electronic equipment will also appear in the third generation mobile communication technology (3th generation wireless systems, 3G), the fourth generation mobile communication technology (4th generation wireless systems, 4G), and the fifth generation in a long time. Mobile communication technology (5th generation wireless systems, 5G) frequency bands coexist, and frequency band coverage is getting wider and wider. Based on these changes, the expansion of the operating bandwidth of antennas on electronic devices has become a top priority.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure and electronic equipment. By loading electronic components in the current area of the radiator, the radiator is connected to the floor at this position, adjusting the boundary conditions, and changing the working mode of the antenna structure, thereby converting the low-frequency The resonant frequency band is adjusted to near the high-frequency resonant frequency band to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure.

In a first aspect, an antenna structure is provided, including: a floor, the antenna structure is grounded through the floor; a radiator, a first end and a second end of the radiator are grounded; a first electronic component and a second electronic component element; wherein the central area of the radiator includes a gap, or the antenna structure further includes a ground element, the ground element is electrically connected between the central area and the floor; the radiator includes a first a current region and a second current region, the central region is located between the first current region and the second current region, the first current region includes the zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure, the second current The area includes the zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure; the first electronic component is electrically connected between the first current area and the floor; the second electronic component is electrically connected between the second current area and the between the floors.

According to the embodiment of the present application, by electrically connecting the ground element between the floor and the central area of the radiator, the working mode of the antenna structure can include two one-wavelength modes (CM mode and DM mode) and two two-wavelength modes. (CM mode and DM mode). And by electrically connecting the first electronic component and the second electronic component between the first current area and the second current area of the radiator and the floor, the one-wavelength mode can be placed at the current zero point ( The electric field is large) becomes the electric field zero point (the current is large), causing it to change from a one-wavelength mode to a twice-wavelength mode, forming a new double-wavelength mode pair, and adjusting the low-frequency resonant frequency band to a high value by improving its working mode. frequency, so that the working modes of the antenna structure include two double-wavelength modes in CM mode and two double-wavelength modes in DM mode, which can generate four resonances with close frequencies to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure.

In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, at least part of the radiator from the first end to the second end is used to generate a first resonance; the first electronic component is an inductor, The second electronic component is an inductor, and the inductance values of the first electronic component and the second electronic component are both less than or equal to the first threshold; when the frequency of the first resonance is less than or equal to 1.7GHz, the The first threshold is 5nH; when the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 1.7GHz and less than or equal to 3GHz, the first threshold is 3nH; when the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 3GHz, the first threshold is 2nH.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the inductance value of the above-mentioned electronic component can be understood as the equivalent inductance value between the current area and the floor. For example, when only a single electronic component is electrically connected between the first current area and the ground, its inductance value may be 3nH. When only two electronic components are electrically connected between the first current area and the floor, the inductance values of the two electronic components can both be 6nH, and the equivalent inductance between the first current area and the floor is also 3mH, which can achieve the same technical effects. Alternatively, it can also be understood that as the number of electronic components electrically connected between the current area and the floor increases, the above threshold value will also change.

In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the first end and the second end is equal to the length of the radiator.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure may be a slot antenna.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure is applied to an electronic device; the electronic device further includes a conductive frame, the frame has a first position and a second position, and the frame It is continuous with the rest of the frame at the first position and the second position, and the frame between the first position and the second position serves as the radiator.

In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the first end and the second end is less than the length of the radiator.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure may be a loop antenna.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure includes a first filter and a second filter; the first filter is electrically connected to the first electronic component and the third between a current region; the second filter is electrically connected between the second electronic component and the second current region; the first filter and the second filter are conductive in the first frequency band In the on state, it is in the off state in the second frequency band, and the frequency of the first frequency band is higher than the frequency of the second frequency band.

In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a portion of the radiator from the first end to the second end is used to generate a first resonance, a second resonance, a third resonance, a fourth resonance Resonance, fifth resonance and sixth resonance; the first frequency band includes the resonance frequency band of the first resonance, the resonance frequency band of the second resonance, the resonance frequency band of the third resonance and the resonance of the fourth resonance. Frequency band; the second frequency band includes the resonant frequency band of the fifth resonance and the resonant frequency band of the sixth resonance.

According to the embodiment of the present application, when the first frequency band includes the resonance frequency band of the first resonance, the resonance frequency band of the second resonance, the resonance frequency band of the third resonance and the resonance frequency band of the fourth resonance, the second frequency band includes the resonance of the fifth resonance. frequency band and the resonant frequency band of the sixth resonance. The first filter and the second filter are in a conductive state in the first frequency band, the first electronic component and the second electronic component are electrically connected to the radiator, and the antenna structure can generate the first resonance, the second resonance, the third resonance and the third resonance. Four resonances. The first filter and the second filter are in a disconnected state in the second frequency band, the first electronic component and the second electronic component are disconnected from the radiator and are not electrically connected, and the antenna structure can additionally generate a fifth resonance and a sixth resonance.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the central area of the radiator includes a gap, the electrical length of the radiator is three-half of the first wavelength, and the first wavelength is The wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the antenna structure.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the ground element is electrically connected between the central area and the floor, and the electrical length of the radiator is twice the first wavelength, so The first wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the antenna structure.

In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, including the antenna structure according to any one of the above first aspects.

In a third aspect, an antenna structure is provided, including: a floor, the antenna structure is grounded through the floor; a radiator, the first end of the radiator is grounded, and the second end of the radiator is an open end; A first electronic component; wherein the radiator includes a first current region, and the first current region includes a zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure; the first electronic component is electrically connected to the first current region and the between the floors.

In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, at least part of the radiator from the first end to the second end is used to generate a first resonance; the first electronic component is an inductor, The inductance value of the first electronic component is less than or equal to the first threshold; when the frequency of the first resonance is less than or equal to 1.7GHz, the first threshold is 5nH; when the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 1.7GHz And when the frequency is less than or equal to 3GHz, the first threshold is 3nH; when the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 3GHz, the first threshold is 2nH.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the antenna structure further includes a second electronic component; the first electronic component is electrically connected to the radiator at a first position, and the second The electronic component is electrically connected to the radiator at a second position, the second position is between the first position and a third position, and the distance between the third position and the first position and the distance between the third position and the first position are The second end is the same distance away.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the antenna structure further includes a feeding unit; the radiator includes an electric field area, and the electric field area includes a zero point of the current generated by the antenna structure; The electric field region includes a feed point at which the feed unit and the radiator are electrically connected.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the antenna structure further includes a feeding unit; the first current region includes a feeding point, and the feeding unit and the radiator are in the Electrical connection at the feed point.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the antenna structure further includes a resonant branch; The third end is connected to the first end, and the fourth end of the resonant branch is an open end.

Combined with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the length L1 of the resonant branch and the length L2 of the radiator satisfy: 0.2×L2≤L1≤0.3×L2.

In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the antenna structure further includes a third electronic component, and the third electronic component is electrically connected between the first end and the floor.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the antenna structure includes a filter; the first filter is electrically connected between the first electronic component and the first current region; The first filter is in a conductive state in the first frequency band and is in a disconnected state in the second frequency band, and the frequency of the first frequency band is higher than the frequency of the second frequency band.

In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, a portion of the radiator from the first end to the second end is used to generate a first resonance, a second resonance and a third resonance; said The first frequency band includes the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance; the second frequency band includes the resonant frequency band of the third resonance.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the antenna structure further includes a fourth electronic component; wherein the radiator includes a second current region, and the second current region includes the antenna structure The generated electric field zero point; the fourth electronic component is electrically connected between the second current area and the floor.

A fourth aspect provides an electronic device, including the antenna structure according to any one of the above third aspects.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the common-mode structure of a wire antenna provided by this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the differential mode structure of a wire antenna provided by this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.

Figure 4 is a common mode structure of the slot antenna provided by this application and the corresponding distribution diagram of current, electric field, and magnetic current.

Figure 5 is the structure of the differential mode of the slot antenna provided by this application and the corresponding distribution diagram of current, electric field, and magnetic current.

Figure 6 is a current distribution diagram of a slot antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 8 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 7 without electronic components and ground components.

FIG. 9 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 7 with only a grounding element.

FIG. 10 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 7 .

Figure 11 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 7.

Figure 12 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 7.

Figure 13 is the corresponding S parameters when the first electronic component and the second electronic component in the antenna structure shown in Figure 7 are changed.

Figure 14 is a simulation result of the corresponding radiation efficiency and system efficiency when the first electronic component and the second electronic component in the antenna structure shown in Figure 7 are changed.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when the ground component and the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided.

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of current distribution with only grounding components.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when a ground component, a first electronic component, and a second electronic component are provided.

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 20 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 18.

Figure 21 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 18.

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the electric field/magnetic current distribution when the grounding component and the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided.

Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of electric field/magnetic current distribution with only grounding components.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of electric field/magnetic current distribution when a ground component, a first electronic component, and a second electronic component are provided.

Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 26 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 25.

Figure 27 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 25.

Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 29 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 28 without electronic components and gaps.

FIG. 30 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 28 only provided with a gap.

Figure 31 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 28.

Figure 32 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 28.

Figure 33 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 28.

FIG34 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 35 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 34.

Figure 36 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 34.

FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of electric field/magnetic current distribution when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided.

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of electric field/magnetic current distribution when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are installed.

Figure 39 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 40 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 39.

Figure 41 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 39.

Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 43 is a current and electric field distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 42 without electronic components.

Figure 44 is a current and electric field distribution diagram corresponding to the quarter-wavelength mode of the antenna structure shown in Figure 42.

Figure 45 is a current and electric field distribution diagram corresponding to the three-quarter wavelength mode of the antenna structure shown in Figure 42.

Figure 46 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 42.

Figure 47 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 42.

Figure 48 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 49 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 50 is a schematic diagram of electric field and current distribution of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 49 .

Figure 51 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 49.

Figure 52 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 49.

Figure 53 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 54 is a schematic diagram of the electric field and current distribution of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 53 .

Figure 55 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 53.

Figure 56 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 53.

Figure 57 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 58 is an S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57 when the first electronic component is electrically connected and the second electronic component is not electrically connected.

Figure 59 is a simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57 when the first electronic component is electrically connected and the second electronic component is not electrically connected.

FIG. 60 is a current distribution diagram in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 57 when the first electronic component is electrically connected but the second electronic component is not electrically connected.

Figure 61 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57.

Figure 62 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57.

Figure 63 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57.

Figure 64 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 65 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64.

Figure 66 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64.

Figure 67 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64.

Figure 68 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64 (excluding resonant branches) under different models.

Figure 69 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64 (excluding resonant branches) under different models.

Figure 70 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64 under different models.

Figure 71 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64 under different models.

Figure 72 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64.

Figure 73 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64.

Figure 74 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64.

Figure 75 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 76 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75.

Figure 77 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75.

Figure 78 is an electric field and current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75.

Figure 79 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75.

Figure 80 is an S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 including the second electronic component.

Figure 81 is a simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 including the second electronic component.

Figure 82 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 under the left and right hand models.

Figure 83 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 under the left and right hand models.

Figure 84 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 85 is an electric field and current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 84.

Figure 86 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 84.

Figure 87 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 84 under the left and right hand models.

Figure 88 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 84 under the left and right hand model.

Figure 89 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 90 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 89.

Figure 91 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 89.

Figure 92 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 89.

Figure 93 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 89.

Figure 94 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 95 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94.

Figure 96 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94.

FIG. 97 is an electric field and current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 94 without the second electronic component.

FIG. 98 is an electric field and current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 94 including the second electronic component.

Figure 99 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94 under the left and right hand models.

Figure 100 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94 under the left and right hand model.

Detailed ways

The terms that may appear in the embodiments of this application are explained below.

Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection", which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires between different components in the circuit structure. A form of connection through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors being electrically connected through space/non-contact. In one embodiment, indirect coupling may also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between a gap between two conductive members.

Connection/connection: It can refer to a mechanical connection relationship or a physical connection relationship. For example, the connection between A and B or the connection between A and B can refer to the existence of fastening components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B. Or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to separate.

Connecting: The conduction or connection between two or more components through the above "electrical connection" or "indirect coupling" method for signal/energy transmission can be called connection.

Capacitance: can be understood as lumped capacitance and/or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitor components; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.

Inductance: can be understood as lumped inductance and/or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance refers to components that exhibit inductance, such as capacitor components; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed by a conductor due to curling or rotation.

Resonance/resonance frequency: Resonance frequency is also called resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can refer to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the antenna input impedance is zero. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency point frequency. The return loss characteristics of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, if there is no additional explanation, when the antenna/radiator "generates the first resonance" mentioned in this application, the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna/radiator, or the first resonance generated by the antenna/radiator. The lowest frequency resonance.

Resonance frequency band/communication frequency band/working frequency band: No matter what type of antenna, it always works within a certain frequency range (frequency band width). For example, the working frequency band of an antenna that supports the B40 frequency band includes frequencies in the range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the working frequency band of the antenna includes the B40 frequency band. The frequency range that meets the index requirements can be regarded as the working frequency band of the antenna.

Electrical length: It can refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e. mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. The electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

Among them, L is the physical length, and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

Wavelength: or working wavelength, which can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency is 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, "working wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency or non-center frequency of the working frequency band.

It should be understood that the wavelength (working wavelength) can be understood as the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium. For example, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiator transmitted in the medium and the wavelength transmitted in the vacuum satisfy the following formula:

Among them, λ _ε is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in the medium, λ _c is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in vacuum, and ε _r is the relative dielectric constant of the medium in the dielectric layer. The wavelength in the embodiment of this application usually refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency is 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the wavelength can be the medium wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency or non-center frequency of the operating frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be simply calculated by the relative dielectric constant of the medium filled on one or more sides of the radiator.

End: the first end (second end) of the antenna radiator, and the ground end or open end. It cannot be understood in a narrow sense as a point. It can also be considered as a section of the antenna radiator including the first endpoint. , the first endpoint is the endpoint of the antenna radiator at the first gap. For example, the first end of the antenna radiator can be considered as a section of the radiator within a first wavelength range that is one-sixteenth of the distance from the first end point, where the first wavelength can be a wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the antenna structure, It can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, or the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point.

Limitations on position and distance such as the middle or middle position mentioned in the embodiments of this application all represent a certain range. For example, the middle (location) of the conductor may be a portion of the conductor that includes the midpoint on the conductor. For example, the middle (location) of the conductor may be a distance on the conductor from the midpoint that is less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., 1 mm, 2 mm, or 2.5 mm). ) a conductor section.

Antenna system efficiency (total efficiency): refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the port of the antenna.

Antenna radiation efficiency: refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna to space (that is, the power of the electromagnetic wave effectively converted) and the active power input to the antenna. Among them, the active power input to the antenna = the input power of the antenna - the loss power; the loss power mainly includes the return loss power and the ohmic loss power of the metal and/or the dielectric loss power. Radiation efficiency is a measure of the radiation ability of an antenna. Metal loss and dielectric loss are both influencing factors of radiation efficiency.

Those skilled in the art can understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna is.

Antenna return loss: It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port through the antenna circuit and the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal is, the greater the signal radiated to space through the antenna is, and the greater the antenna's radiation efficiency is. The larger the reflected signal is, the smaller the signal radiated to space through the antenna is, and the smaller the antenna's radiation efficiency is.

Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, which can characterize the antenna's emission efficiency. The S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the return loss of the antenna, and the smaller the energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency of the antenna is. S11 parameter The larger the value, the greater the antenna return loss and the lower the antenna system efficiency.

It should be noted that in engineering, the S11 value of -6dB is generally used as a standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or the antenna's radiation efficiency can be considered to be good.

Ground, or floor: can generally refer to at least part of any ground layer, or ground plate, or ground metal layer, etc. in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or any combination of any of the above ground layers, or ground plates, or ground components, etc. At least in part, "ground" can be used to ground components within electronic equipment. In one embodiment, "ground" may be the grounding layer of the circuit board of the electronic device, or it may be the grounding plate formed by the middle frame of the electronic device or the grounding metal layer formed by the metal film under the screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board may be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-, 10-, or 12- to 14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or by a circuit such as Components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass, polymer, etc.

Any of the above ground layers, or ground plates, or ground metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material can be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, Silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrate, copper-plated substrate, brass-plated substrate sheet and aluminized substrate. Those skilled in the art can understand that the ground layer/ground plate/ground metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the electronic device 10 may include: a cover (cover) 13, a display screen/module (display) 15, a printed circuit board (PCB) 17, a middle frame (middle frame) 19 and a rear panel. Cover (rear cover)21. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover 13 can be a glass cover (cover glass), or can be replaced with a cover made of other materials, such as a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate) material cover. Board etc.

Among them, the cover 13 can be placed close to the display module 15 and can be mainly used to protect the display module 15 and prevent dust.

In one embodiment, the display module 15 may include a liquid crystal display panel (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel or an organic light-emitting semiconductor (organic light-emitting diode, OLED) display panel, etc. , the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

The middle frame 19 mainly plays a supporting role of the whole machine. Figure 1 shows that the PCB 17 is disposed between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21. It should be understood that in one embodiment, the PCB 17 can also be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15. In this embodiment of the present application, There are no restrictions. Among them, the printed circuit board PCB17 can use a flame-resistant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, or a mixed dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, etc. Here, FR-4 is the code for a flame-resistant material grade, and Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board. PCB17 carries electronic components, such as radio frequency chips, etc. In one embodiment, a metal layer may be provided on the printed circuit board PCB 17 . This metal layer can be used for grounding the electronic components carried on the printed circuit board PCB17, and can also be used for grounding other components, such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc. The metal layer can be called a floor, a ground plate, or a ground layer. In one embodiment, the metal layer may be formed by etching metal on the surface of any dielectric board in the PCB 17 . In one embodiment, the metal layer used for grounding may be disposed on a side of the printed circuit board PCB 17 close to the middle frame 19 . In one embodiment, the edge of the printed circuit board PCB 17 can be regarded as the edge of its ground plane. In one embodiment, the metal middle frame 19 can also be used for grounding the above components. The electronic device 10 may also have other floors/ground plates/ground layers, as mentioned above, which will not be described again here.

The electronic device 10 may also include a battery (not shown in the figure). The battery may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21 , or may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15 , which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the PCB 17 is divided into a main board and a sub-board. The battery can be disposed between the main board and the sub-board. The main board can be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board can be disposed between the main board and the sub-board. Between the middle frame 19 and the lower edge of the battery.

The electronic device 10 may also include a frame 11, and the frame 11 may be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The frame 11 may be disposed between the display module 15 and the back cover 21 and extend circumferentially around the periphery of the electronic device 10 . The frame 11 may have four sides surrounding the display module 15 to help fix the display module 15 . In one implementation, the frame 11 made of metal material can be directly used as the metal frame of the electronic device 10 to form the appearance of a metal frame, which is suitable for metal industrial design (ID). In another implementation, the outer surface of the frame 11 can also be made of non-metal material, such as a plastic frame, to form the appearance of a non-metal frame, which is suitable for non-metal IDs.

The middle frame 19 may include a frame 11 , and the middle frame 19 including the frame 11 may act as an integral part to support electronic devices in the entire machine. The cover 13 and the back cover 21 are respectively covered along the upper and lower edges of the frame to form a shell or housing of the electronic device. In one embodiment, the cover 13 , the back cover 21 , the frame 11 and/or the middle frame 19 can be collectively referred to as the casing or housing of the electronic device 10 . It should be understood that "casing or housing" can be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover 13 , the back cover 21 , the frame 11 or the middle frame 19 , or to refer to the cover 13 , the back cover 21 , or the frame 11 or any combination of part or all of box 19.

The frame 11 on the middle frame 19 can be at least partially used as an antenna radiator to receive/transmit frequency signals. There can be a gap between this part of the frame as the radiator and other parts of the middle frame 19, thereby ensuring that the antenna radiator has good performance. radiation environment. in an implementation In this example, the middle frame 19 may be provided with an aperture at this part of the frame serving as the radiator to facilitate the radiation of the antenna.

Alternatively, the frame 11 may not be regarded as a part of the middle frame 19 . In one embodiment, the frame 11 can be connected to the middle frame 19 and formed integrally. In another embodiment, the frame 11 may include an inwardly extending protruding piece to be connected to the middle frame 19 , for example, through elastic pieces, screws, welding, etc. The protruding parts of the frame 11 can also be used to receive feed signals, so that at least a part of the frame 11 acts as a radiator of the antenna to receive/transmit frequency signals. There may be a gap 42 between this part of the frame of the radiator and the middle frame 30 to ensure that the antenna radiator has a good radiation environment and the antenna has a good signal transmission function.

Among them, the back cover 21 can be a back cover made of metal material; it can also be a back cover made of non-conductive materials, such as glass back cover, plastic back cover and other non-metal back covers; or it can also include both conductive materials and non-conductive materials. Material back cover. In one embodiment, the back cover 21 including conductive material can replace the middle frame 19 and be integrated with the frame 11 to support electronic devices in the entire machine.

In one embodiment, the conductive part in the middle frame 19 and/or the back cover 21 can be used as a reference ground for the electronic device 10 , wherein the frame 11 , PCB 17 , etc. of the electronic device can be grounded through electrical connections with the middle frame. .

The antenna of the electronic device 10 can also be disposed in the frame 11 . When the frame 11 of the electronic device 10 is made of non-conductive material, the antenna radiator can be located in the electronic device 10 and arranged along the frame 11 . For example, the antenna radiator is arranged close to the frame 11 to minimize the volume occupied by the antenna radiator and to be closer to the outside of the electronic device 10 to achieve better signal transmission effects. It should be noted that the arrangement of the antenna radiator close to the frame 11 means that the antenna radiator can be arranged close to the frame 11 or close to the frame 11 . For example, there can be a certain tiny gap between the antenna radiator and the frame 11 .

The antenna of the electronic device 10 may also be disposed in the housing, such as a bracket antenna, a millimeter wave antenna, etc. (not shown in FIG. 1 ). The clearance of the antenna arranged in the housing can be obtained by the slits/openings on any one of the middle frame, and/or the frame, and/or the back cover, and/or the display screen, or it can be formed between any of them. The non-conductive gap/aperture is obtained, and the clearance setting of the antenna can ensure the radiation performance of the antenna. It should be understood that the clearance of the antenna may be a non-conductive area formed by any conductive component in the electronic device 10, and the antenna radiates signals to the external space through the non-conductive area. In one embodiment, the antenna 40 may be in the form of a flexible printed circuit (FPC)-based antenna, a laser-direct-structuring (LDS)-based antenna, or a microstrip antenna (microstrip disk antenna). , MDA) and other antenna forms. In one embodiment, the antenna may also adopt a transparent structure embedded inside the screen of the electronic device 10 , so that the antenna is a transparent antenna unit embedded inside the screen of the electronic device 10 .

FIG. 1 only schematically shows some components included in the electronic device 10 , and the actual shapes, actual sizes and actual structures of these components are not limited by FIG. 1 .

It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the surface where the display screen of the electronic device is located can be considered as the front side, the surface where the back cover is located can be considered as the back side, and the surface where the frame is located can be considered as the side side.

It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, it is considered that when the user holds the electronic device (usually vertically and facing the screen), the orientation of the electronic device has a top, a bottom, a left side, and a right side. It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, it is considered that when the user holds the electronic device (usually vertically and facing the screen), the orientation of the electronic device has a top, a bottom, a left side, and a right side.

First, the four antenna modes involved in this application will be introduced from Figures 2 to 5. Among them, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the common mode mode structure of a wire antenna provided by the present application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the differential mode structure of another linear antenna provided by the present application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the common-mode structure of a slot antenna provided by this application and the corresponding distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the differential mode structure of another slot antenna provided by this application and the corresponding distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current.

1. Common mode (CM) mode of wire antenna

(a) in FIG. 2 shows that the radiator of the wire antenna 40 is connected to the ground (for example, the floor, which may be a PCB) through the feeder line 42. The linear antenna 40 is connected to a feed unit (not shown) at the middle position 41, and adopts symmetrical feed. The feeding unit may be connected to the middle position 41 of the line antenna 40 through the feeding line 42 . It should be understood that symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feeding unit is connected to the radiator and the other end is grounded. The connection point (feeding point) between the feeding unit and the radiator is located at the center of the radiator. The center of the radiator may be, for example, a collective structure. The midpoint of the electrical length (or the area within a certain range near the above midpoint).

The central position 41 of the wire antenna 40 , for example, the central position 41 may be the geometric center of the wire antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, such as the connection point between the feeder line 42 and the wire antenna 40 covering the central position 41 .

(b) in FIG. 2 shows the current and electric field distribution of the wire antenna 40. As shown in (b) of FIG. 2 , the current is distributed symmetrically on both sides of the middle position 41 , for example, in opposite directions; the electric field is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 41 . As shown in (b) of FIG. 2 , the current at the feeder line 42 exhibits a codirectional distribution. Based on the current distribution in the same direction at the feeder line 42, the feed shown in (a) in Figure 2 It can be called the CM feed of the wire antenna. Based on the fact that the current is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the connection between the radiator and the feeder line 42, the line antenna mode shown in (b) in Figure 2 can be called the CM mode of the line antenna (or CM mode for short). For example, for a wire antenna, the CM mode refers to the CM mode of the wire antenna). The current and electric field shown in (b) in FIG. 2 can be respectively called the current and electric field of the CM mode of the wire antenna.

The current and electric field in the CM mode of the wire antenna are generated by the two branches (for example, two horizontal branches) of the wire antenna 40 on both sides of the central position 41 as antennas operating in the quarter-wavelength mode. The current is strong at the middle position 41 of the line antenna 40 and weak at both ends of the line antenna 40 . The electric field is weak at the middle position 41 of the line antenna 40 and is strong at both ends of the line antenna 40 .

2. Differential mode (DM) mode of wire antenna

As shown in (a) of FIG. 3 , the two radiators of the wire antenna 50 are connected to the ground (for example, the floor, which may be a PCB) through the feeder line 52 . The wire antenna 50 is connected to the feed unit at the intermediate position 51 between the two radiators, and adopts anti-symmetrical feed. One end of the feed unit is connected to one of the radiators through a feed line 52 , and the other end of the feed unit is connected to the other of the radiators through a feed line 52 . The intermediate position 51 may be the geometric center of the wire antenna, or the gap formed between the radiators.

It should be understood that the "center antisymmetric feeding" mentioned in this application can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit are respectively connected to two connection points near the above-mentioned midpoint of the radiator. The signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed unit have the same amplitude but opposite phases, for example, the phase difference is 180°±10°.

(b) in FIG. 3 shows the current and electric field distribution of the wire antenna 50. As shown in (b) of FIG. 3 , the current is distributed asymmetrically on both sides of the middle position 51 of the line antenna 50 , for example, in the same direction; the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 51 . As shown in (b) of FIG. 3 , the current at the feeder line 52 exhibits reverse distribution. Based on the reverse distribution of current at the feed line 52, this feed shown in (a) in Figure 3 can be called a wire antenna DM feed. Based on the fact that the current is asymmetrically distributed (for example, distributed in the same direction) on both sides of the connection between the radiator and the feeder line 52, the line antenna mode shown in (b) in Figure 3 can be called the DM mode of the line antenna ( It can also be referred to as DM mode. For example, for a line antenna, DM mode refers to the DM mode of the line antenna). The current and electric field shown in (b) in FIG. 3 can be respectively called the current and electric field of the DM mode of the wire antenna.

The current and electric field of the DM mode of the wire antenna are generated by the entire wire antenna 50 as an antenna operating in the half-wavelength mode. The current is strong at the middle position 51 of the line antenna 50 and weak at both ends of the line antenna 50 . The electric field is weak at the middle position 51 of the line antenna 50 and is strong at both ends of the line antenna 50 .

It should be understood that the radiator of the linear antenna can be understood as a metal structural member that generates radiation, and its number can be one piece, as shown in Figure 2, or two pieces, as shown in Figure 3, which can be determined according to actual conditions. The design or production needs to be adjusted. For example, for the CM mode of a linear antenna, two radiators can also be used as shown in Figure 3. The two ends of the two radiators are set opposite each other and separated by a gap, and symmetrical feeding is used at the two ends close to each other, for example If the same feed signal is fed into the two ends of the two radiators that are close to each other, an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in Figure 2 can also be obtained. Correspondingly, for the DM mode of the linear antenna, a radiator can also be used as shown in Figure 2. Two feed points are set in the middle of the radiator and an anti-symmetrical feeding method is used. For example, symmetry on the radiator If two feed points feed signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases respectively, similar effects to the antenna structure shown in Figure 3 can also be obtained.

3. CM mode of slot antenna

The slot antenna 60 shown in (a) of Figure 4 may be formed by having a hollow slot or slit 61 in the radiator of the slot antenna, or it may be that the radiator of the slot antenna is connected to the ground (for example, the floor). PCB) surrounds the groove or slot 61. The groove 61 may be formed by cutting a groove in the floor. An opening 62 is provided on one side of the groove 61, and the opening 62 can be specifically opened in the middle position of this side. The middle position of this side of the slot 61 may be, for example, the geometric midpoint of the slot antenna, or the middle point of the electrical length of the radiator, for example, the area where the opening 62 is opened on the radiator covers the middle position of this side. The opening 62 can be connected to a feeding unit, and anti-symmetrical feeding is adopted. It should be understood that anti-symmetrical feeding can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit are respectively connected to both ends of the radiator. The signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed unit have the same amplitude but opposite phases, for example, the phase difference is 180°±10°.

(b) in FIG. 4 shows the current, electric field, and magnetic current distribution of the slot antenna 60. As shown in (b) of Figure 4, the current is distributed in the same direction around the slot 61 on the conductors (such as the floor, and/or the radiator 60) around the slot 61, and the electric field is reversed on both sides of the middle position of the slot 61. Distribution, the magnetic current is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position of the slot 61. As shown in (b) in FIG. 4 , the electric fields at the opening 62 (for example, the feeding point) are in the same direction, and the magnetic flows at the opening 62 (for example, the feeding point) are in the same direction. Based on the same direction of magnetic flow at the opening 62 (feeding point), the feeding shown in (a) in FIG. 4 can be called slot antenna CM feeding. Based on the fact that the current is asymmetrically distributed (for example, distributed in the same direction) on the radiators on both sides of the opening 62 , or based on the fact that the current is distributed in the same direction around the slot 61 on the conductors around the slot 61 , (b) in FIG. 4 The slot antenna mode shown can be called the CM mode of the slot antenna (it can also be referred to as the CM mode for short. For example, for the slot antenna, the CM mode The formula refers to the CM mode of the slot antenna). The electric field, current, and magnetic current distribution shown in (b) of FIG. 4 can be called the electric field, current, and magnetic current of the CM mode of the slot antenna.

The current and electric field in the CM mode of the slot antenna are generated by the slot antenna bodies on both sides of the middle position of the slot antenna 60 acting as antennas operating in the half-wavelength mode. The magnetic field is weak at the middle position of the slot antenna 60 and strong at both ends of the slot antenna 60 . The electric field is strong at the middle position of the slot antenna 60 and weak at both ends of the slot antenna 60 .

4. DM mode of slot antenna

The slot antenna 70 shown in (a) of Figure 5 may be formed by having a hollow slot or slit 72 in the radiator of the slot antenna, or it may be that the radiator of the slot antenna is connected to the ground (for example, the floor). PCB) surrounds the groove or groove 72 and is formed. The slot 72 may be formed by slotting in the floor. The middle position 71 of the slot 72 is connected to the feeding unit, and symmetrical feeding is adopted. It should be understood that symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feeding unit is connected to the radiator and the other end is grounded. The connection point (feeding point) between the feeding unit and the radiator is located at the center of the radiator. The center of the radiator may be, for example, a collective structure. The midpoint of the electrical length (or the area within a certain range near the above midpoint). The middle position of one side of the slot 72 is connected to the positive electrode of the feed unit, and the middle position of the other side of the slot 72 is connected to the negative electrode of the feed unit. The middle position of the side of the slot 72 may be, for example, the middle position of the slot antenna 60/the middle position of the ground, such as the geometric midpoint of the slot antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, such as the midpoint of the feed unit and the radiator. The connection covers the middle position 51 of this side.

(b) in FIG. 5 shows the current, electric field, and magnetic current distribution of the slot antenna 70. As shown in (b) of Figure 5, on the conductors (such as the floor and/or the radiator 60) around the slot 72, the current is distributed around the slot 72, and is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position of the slot 72. The electric field is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the intermediate position 71 , and the magnetic current is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the intermediate position 71 . The magnetic current at the feed unit is distributed in reverse direction (not shown). Based on the reverse distribution of magnetic current at the feeding unit, the feeding shown in (a) in Figure 5 can be called slot antenna DM feeding. Based on the fact that the current is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the connection between the feed unit and the radiator (for example, reverse distribution), or based on the fact that the current is symmetrically distributed around the gap 71 (for example, reverse distribution), (b) in Figure 5 The slot antenna mode shown may be called the DM mode of the slot antenna (it may also be referred to as the DM mode for short, for example, for a slot antenna, the DM mode refers to the DM mode of the slot antenna). The electric field, current, and magnetic current distribution shown in (b) in FIG. 5 can be called the electric field, current, and magnetic current of the DM mode of the slot antenna.

The current and electric field in the slot antenna's DM mode are generated by the entire slot antenna 70 acting as an antenna operating in a one-wavelength mode. The current is weak at the middle position of the slot antenna 70 and strong at both ends of the slot antenna 70 . The electric field is strong at the middle position of the slot antenna 70 and weak at both ends of the slot antenna 70 .

In the field of antennas, antennas working in CM mode and antennas working in DM mode usually have high isolation, and usually the frequency bands of CM mode and DM mode antennas tend to be single-mode resonance, making it difficult to cover the many frequency bands required for communication. In particular, the space left for antenna structures in electronic equipment is decreasing day by day. For MIMO systems, a single antenna structure is required to cover multiple frequency bands. Therefore, multi-mode resonance antennas with high isolation at the same time have high research and practical value.

It should be understood that the radiator of the slot antenna can be understood as a metal structural member that generates radiation (for example, including a part of the floor), which may include an opening, as shown in Figure 4, or may be a complete ring, as shown in Figure 5 display, which can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs. For example, for the CM mode of the slot antenna, a complete ring radiator can also be used as shown in Figure 5. Two feed points are set in the middle of the radiator on one side of the slot 61 and an antisymmetric feeding method is used. , for example, by feeding signals with the same amplitude and opposite phase at both ends of the original opening position, an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in Figure 4 can also be obtained. Correspondingly, for the DM mode of the slot antenna, a radiator including an opening can also be used as shown in Figure 4, and a symmetrical feeding method is used at both ends of the opening position. For example, the two ends of the radiator on both sides of the opening are fed separately. By inputting the same feed signal, an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in Figure 5 can also be obtained.

Since the above antenna structures can produce two working modes (the electric field is symmetrically distributed or antisymmetrically distributed) in which the electric field is orthogonal (the electric field product in the far field is zero (integral orthogonality)), the two working modes of this antenna structure The isolation between modes is good and can be applied to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna systems in electronic equipment.

As shown in (a) in Figure 6, it is the current distribution diagram of the slot antenna operating in the half-wavelength mode. The slot antenna uses anti-symmetrical feeding, and its large current point is located in the area where the feeding unit is located, which can correspond to the above CM mode.

For a radiator, it has multiple modes that can be excited. As long as its input impedance is consistent with the impedance of the excitation source, its corresponding mode can be excited. Therefore, when the excitation source adopts the input impedance corresponding to the current distribution shown in (a) in Figure 6, the half-wavelength mode of the slot antenna can be excited, and the (N-1/2) mode of the slot antenna can be excited. ) wavelength mode, N is a positive integer. For a slot antenna or a wire antenna, its (N-1/2) wavelength mode can be considered to be that the wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the antenna structure in this mode is approximately (N-1/2) the electrical length of the radiator in the antenna structure. 2 times.

It should be understood that roughly (N-1/2) times refers to the wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated in the (N-1/2) wavelength mode due to the operating environment of the antenna structure and the settings of the matching circuit and the radiator. The relationship between the electrical lengths is not strictly (N-1/2) times, but a certain error is allowed. In addition, the antenna structure has (N-1/2)/(1/2) current zero points in the (N-1/2) wavelength mode.

As shown in (b) in Figure 6, it is the current distribution diagram of the slot antenna operating in the one-wavelength mode. The slot antenna adopts symmetrical feeding, and its large current points are located on both sides of the slot, which can correspond to the above-mentioned DM mode.

When the excitation source adopts the input impedance corresponding to the current distribution shown in (b) of Figure 6, the 1-wavelength mode of the slot antenna can be excited, and the N-times wavelength mode of the slot antenna can be excited, where N is a positive integer. For a slot antenna or a wire antenna, its N-fold wavelength mode can be considered to mean that the wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the antenna structure in this mode is approximately N times the electrical length of the radiator in the antenna structure.

It should be understood that roughly N times means that due to the operating environment of the antenna structure and the settings of the matching circuit, the relationship between the wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated in the N times wavelength mode and the electrical length of the radiator may not be strictly N times. , but allow a certain error. In addition, the antenna structure has N/(1/2) current zero points in N wavelength mode.

Therefore, when the electrical length of the slot antenna shown in Figure 6 is twice the operating wavelength, the slot antenna uses side feed (or "eccentric feed", the feed point deviates from the central area of the radiator), and can be excited simultaneously. CM mode and DM mode of slot antenna. The CM mode of the slot antenna may include a half-wavelength mode and a three-half-wavelength mode, and the DM mode may include a one-wavelength mode and a double-wavelength mode.

However, the frequency of resonance generated by a low frequency multiplication mode (for example, a one-wavelength mode) and a high frequency multiplication mode (for example, a double wavelength mode) generally has frequency doubling characteristics. Therefore, it is difficult to make the resonant frequency band generated by the low-frequency multiplication mode close to the resonance frequency band generated by the high-frequency multiplication mode, and it is impossible to use the low-frequency multiplication mode and the high-frequency multiplication mode to produce a wider operating bandwidth.

The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure. By loading electronic components in the current area of the radiator, the radiator is connected to the floor at this position, adjusting the boundary conditions, and changing the working mode of the antenna structure, thereby adjusting the low-frequency resonant frequency band. to near the high-frequency resonant frequency band to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the antenna structure 100 may include: a radiator 110 , a floor 120 , a ground component 121 , a first electronic component 122 and a second electronic component 123 .

Wherein, the antenna structure 100 is grounded through the floor 120 . The first end of the radiator 110 is electrically connected to the floor 120 to achieve grounding, and the second end of the radiator 110 is electrically connected to the floor 120 to achieve grounding.

The first end of the grounding element 121 is electrically connected to the radiator 110 in the central area 101, and the second end of the grounding element 121 is electrically connected to the floor 120 to achieve grounding. The grounding element 121 is electrically connected to the radiator 110 and the floor 120 in the central area 101. between. It should be understood that the central area 101 can be understood as being within a certain range from the geometric center of the radiator 110 (the physical lengths of the radiators 110 on both sides of the center are the same) or the electrical length center (the electrical lengths of the radiators 110 on both sides of the center are the same). Local area, for example, an area within 5 mm of the center.

The radiator 110 includes a first current region 111 and a second current region 112 . The central area 101 is located between the first current area 111 and the second current area 112 . The first current region 111 includes the zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure 100 , and the second current region 112 includes the zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure 100 . It should be understood that the electric field zero point can be understood as when the antenna structure 100 feeds an electrical signal, the electric field is reversed on both sides of the position of the electric field zero point. The zero point of the electric field corresponds to the high current point, and the first current region 111 and the second current region 112 can be understood as regions within a certain range from the zero point of the electric field or the high current point. For example, the first current region 111 and the second current region 112 can be understood as regions within 5 mm from the zero point of the electric field or the large current point.

The first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 are electrically connected between the radiator 110 and the floor 120 in the first current region 111 and the second current region 112 respectively. The first end of the first electronic component 122 is electrically connected to the radiator 110 in the first current region 111, and the second end of the first electronic component 122 is electrically connected to the floor 120 to achieve grounding. The first end of the second electronic component 123 is electrically connected to the radiator 110 in the second current region 112, and the second end of the second electronic component 123 is electrically connected to the floor 120 to achieve grounding.

In one embodiment, at least a portion of the radiator 110 from the first end to the second end is used to generate the first resonance.

In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 110 may be twice the first wavelength, the antenna structure 100 is an antenna structure designed based on twice the wavelength, and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance, for example, the first wavelength It may be the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point of the first resonance, or it may be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency band generated by the first resonance.

It should be understood that the ground element can be used to change the current and electric field of the original antenna structure in the CM mode, thereby adjusting the working mode of the antenna structure.

When the ground component 121, the first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 are not provided, the working mode of the antenna structure 100 can be Including one-half wavelength mode and three-half wavelength mode in CM mode, and one-wavelength mode and two-wavelength mode in DM mode, the corresponding current and electric field distributions are shown in Figure 8.

It should be understood that the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 100 included in the above-mentioned current region can be understood as the current zero point included in the current and electric field distribution corresponding to the highest order mode in the antenna structure. In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 110 is twice the first wavelength. Correspondingly, the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 100 can be understood as the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the twice-wavelength mode. ).

As shown in (a) and (c) in Figure 8, they are the electric field and current distribution diagrams corresponding to the one-half wavelength mode and three-half wavelength mode in the CM mode, as shown in (b) and (b) in Figure 8 (d) shows the electric field and current distribution diagrams corresponding to the one-wavelength mode and the two-wavelength mode in the DM mode. In the distribution diagrams shown in (a) and (c) of Fig. 8, the central area of the radiator includes the current zero point (large electric field point). In the distribution diagrams shown in (b) and (d) of FIG. 8 , the central region of the radiator includes the electric field zero point (large current point).

Therefore, when the ground element is electrically connected between the central area and the floor, so that the radiator is short-circuited to the floor in the central area, for the one-half wavelength mode and three-half wavelength mode in the CM mode, the boundary condition of the central area occurs Change, from the current zero point (large electric field point) to the electric field zero point (large current point). Due to the change of boundary conditions in the central area, the current and electric field distribution of the radiator are shown in (a) and (b) in Figure 9. The half-wavelength mode in the CM mode changes to the one-wavelength mode. The three-wavelength mode changes to the two-wavelength mode.

For the one-wavelength mode and double-wavelength mode in DM mode, the electric field zero point (large current point) is located in the central area of the radiator, which is equivalent to a short circuit. The electrical connection between the central area and the floor and the grounding element does not change the boundary conditions. Therefore, , the one-wavelength mode and double-wavelength mode in DM mode do not change.

The first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 can be used to change the current and electric field of the antenna structure 100 in the one-wavelength mode, thereby adjusting the working mode of the antenna structure 100 .

When only the ground element 121 is provided, the electric field and current distribution diagrams corresponding to the one-wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode are as shown in (b) in Figure 8 and (a) in Figure 9, at the center of the radiator There are a first current region 111 and a second current region 112 including a current zero point (large electric field point) between the regions and the first end (second end) of the radiator. In the double wavelength mode of the CM mode and the DM mode, when electronic components are electrically connected between the first current area 111 and the floor and between the second current area 112 and the floor, since the electronic components are electrically connected to the floor 120 in this area, If connected, the boundary conditions of the area can be changed, and the current zero point (large electric field point) in this area becomes the electric field zero point (large current point). Due to changes in the boundary conditions in this region, the electric field and current distribution corresponding to the one-wavelength mode in the CM mode and DM mode change accordingly. The current and electric field distribution of the radiator are shown in (a) and (b) in Figure 10 , the one-wavelength mode changes to the two-wavelength mode.

For the double wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode, the areas connecting the first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 (the first current area 111 and the second current area 112) both include electric field zero points (large current points). ), which is equivalent to a short circuit. The electrical connection of electronic components between the radiator and the floor in this area does not change the boundary conditions. Therefore, the twice-wavelength mode in CM mode and DM mode does not change.

Therefore, by electrically connecting the ground element between the floor 120 and the central area of the radiator 110, the operating modes of the antenna structure can include two one-wavelength modes (CM mode and DM mode) and two two-wavelength modes (CM mode and DM mode). While the first electronic component and the second electronic component are electrically connected between the first current area 111 and the second current area 112 of the radiator 110 and the floor 120, the one-wavelength mode can be placed in the first current area 111 and the second current area. The current zero point (large electric field point) in area 112 changes to the electric field zero point (large current point), causing it to change from a one-wavelength mode to a double-wavelength mode, forming a new double-wavelength mode pair, which improves the low-frequency resonance frequency band. Its working mode is adjusted to high frequency, so that the working modes of the antenna structure include two double wavelength modes in CM mode and two double wavelength modes in DM mode, which can generate four resonances with close frequencies to expand the antenna structure. working bandwidth.

In one embodiment, the first electronic component 122 or the second electronic component 123 may be an inductor, and the inductance value of the first electronic component 122 or the second electronic component 123 is less than or equal to the first threshold. For example, when the frequency of the first resonance is less than or equal to 1.7GHz, the first threshold is 5nH. When the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 1.7GHz and less than or equal to 3GHz, the first threshold is 3nH. When the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 3GHz, the first threshold is 2nH.

It should be understood that the inductance value of the above-mentioned electronic components can be understood as the equivalent inductance value between the current area and the floor. For example, when only a single electronic component is electrically connected between the first current area 111 and the floor 120, its inductance value may be 3nH. When only two electronic components are electrically connected between the first current area 111 and the floor 120, the inductance values of the two electronic components can both be 6nH, and the equivalent inductance between the first current area 111 and the floor 120 is also 3mH. , can achieve the same technical effect. Or, it can also be understood as that with the electricity The above threshold will also change as more electronic components are electrically connected between the flow area and the floor. For the sake of brevity of discussion, in the following embodiments, descriptions about thresholds of electronic components can also be understood by reference.

In one embodiment, the first electronic component 122 or the second electronic component 123 may be a capacitor, and the capacitance value of the first electronic component 122 or the second electronic component 123 is less than or equal to the second threshold. For example, the second threshold may be 50 pF.

In one embodiment, the first electronic component 122 or the second electronic component 123 may be a resistor. For example, the resistance value of the first electronic component 122 or the second electronic component 123 may be 0 ohm.

It should be understood that by electrically connecting the first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 in the first current area 111 and the second current area 112 to the floor 120 so that the radiator 110 is short-circuited with the floor 120 in this area, the first current can be changed. Boundary conditions for region 111 and second current region 112 . The first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 may be an inductor with a smaller inductance value, a capacitor with a larger capacitance value, or a resistor with a smaller resistance value, or a circuit including a capacitor or an inductor. This application will There are no restrictions.

In one embodiment, the ground element 121 may be an inductor, and the inductance value of the ground element 121 is less than or equal to the third threshold. For example, when the frequency of the first resonance is less than or equal to 1.7GHz, the third threshold is 5nH. When the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 1.7GHz and less than or equal to 3GHz, the third threshold is 3nH. When the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 3GHz, the third threshold is 2nH.

In one embodiment, the ground element 121 may be a capacitor, and the capacitance value of the ground element 121 is less than or equal to the fourth threshold. For example, the fourth threshold may be 50pF.

In one embodiment, the ground element 121 may be a resistor. For example, the resistance value of the ground element 121 may be 0 ohm.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 100 may include a feeding unit 130, and the antenna structure 100 may feed in an edge feeding manner (the connection position (feeding point) of the feeding unit 130 and the radiator 220 is offset from the center of the radiator). area), CM mode and DM mode can be activated simultaneously. In one embodiment, the feeding unit 130 may be electrically connected to one end of the radiator 110 to feed an electrical signal to activate multiple working modes.

Figures 11 to 14 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 7. Among them, Figure 11 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 7. Figure 12 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 7. Figure 13 is the corresponding S parameters when the first electronic component and the second electronic component in the antenna structure shown in Figure 7 are changed. Figure 14 is a simulation result of the corresponding radiation efficiency and system efficiency when the first electronic component and the second electronic component in the antenna structure shown in Figure 7 are changed.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, only the first electronic component and the second electronic component are used as inductors, and the inductance value of the first electronic component is L1=4nH, and the inductance value of the second electronic component is L2=2nH. The length of the radiator in the extension direction (x direction) is 62.8mm, the width (y direction) is 4mm, and the distance between the two ends of the radiator (x direction) is 12.4mm. For example, in practical applications Can be adjusted according to actual production or design needs.

As shown in Figure 11, when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, only the ground element (the ground element is a resistor) is electrically connected between the central area of the radiator and the floor (resistance value L0=0ohm), the half-wavelength mode in CM mode becomes one-wavelength mode, the three-half-wavelength mode becomes two-wavelength mode, and the one-wavelength mode and double-wavelength mode in DM mode do not occur. Change.

On the basis of electrically connecting the ground element between the central area and the floor, when the first electronic element and the second electronic element are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the doubled wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode becomes new Double wavelength mode forms a new double wavelength mode pair, and the original double wavelength mode in CM mode and DM mode does not change.

The antenna structure includes new double-wavelength mode pairs and original double-wavelength mode pairs, a total of 4 double-wavelength modes, so that the operating frequency band of the antenna structure (limited by S11<-4dB) can include 1.8GHz to 3.2GHz.

As shown in Figure 12, in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by each mode, the antenna structure has good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency).

As shown in Figure 13, when changing the inductance value L1 of the first electronic component and the inductance value L2 of the second electronic component electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, a new twice-wavelength mode pair (consisting of CM mode and DM Two double-wavelength modes formed by the one-wavelength mode in the mode) and the original double-wavelength mode pair (the CM mode formed after the ground element is electrically connected between the central area and the floor and the double-wavelength mode in the DM mode) frequency difference between. For example, when the inductance value L1 of the first electronic component and the inductance value L2 of the second electronic component decrease, the frequency difference between the new double wavelength mode pair and the original double wavelength mode pair decreases, and the new double wavelength mode pair decreases. The wavelength mode pairs move closer to the original pair of twice the wavelength modes.

As shown in Figure 14, when changing the inductance value L1 of the first electronic component and the inductance value L2 of the second electronic component that are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by the new twice-wavelength mode pair, Both have good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency).

15 to 17 are schematic diagrams of current distribution of the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 7 . Among them, FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when the grounding component and the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of current distribution with only grounding components. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of current distribution when a ground component, a first electronic component, and a second electronic component are provided.

As shown in FIG. 15 , it can correspond to the current distribution at different frequency points in the S11 curve when the ground component and the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided as shown in FIG. 11 .

Among them, (a) in Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.1 GHz, which can correspond to the half-wavelength mode of the CM mode. (b) in Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.65GHz, which can correspond to the one-wavelength mode of the DM mode. (c) in Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.05GHz, which can correspond to the three-half wavelength mode of the CM mode. (d) in Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.65GHz, which can correspond to the twice-wavelength mode of the DM mode.

As shown in FIG. 16 , corresponding to the grounding component shown in FIG. 11 , the current distribution at different frequency points in the S11 curve when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided.

Among them, (a) in Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.45GHz. The central area of the radiator (the ground element connection area) includes the electric field zero point (large current point), which can correspond to the double wavelength mode of the CM mode. (b) in FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.7 GHz, which can correspond to the one-wavelength mode of the DM mode, which is the same as the current distribution of the one-wavelength mode of the DM mode shown in (b) of FIG. 15 . (c) in Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.5GHz. The central area of the radiator (the ground element connection area) includes the electric field zero point (large current point), which can correspond to the twice-wavelength mode of the CM mode. (d) in FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.7 GHz, which can correspond to the double wavelength mode of the DM mode, and is the same as the current distribution of the double wavelength mode of the DM mode shown in (d) in FIG. 15 .

Electrically connecting the ground element between the central area of the radiator and the floor, short-circuiting the radiator in the central area, can change the boundary conditions of the CM mode in this area, improve the working mode in the CM mode, and make the resonance generated in the DM mode The resulting resonance is close.

As shown in FIG. 17 , the current distribution at different frequency points in the S11 curve when the ground component, the first electronic component and the second electronic component are provided can correspond to the configuration shown in FIG. 11 .

Among them, (a) in Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2 GHz. The first current area (first electronic component connection area) and the second current area (second electronic component) of the radiator include the electric field zero point (large current point) , which can correspond to the twice-wavelength mode of the CM mode. (b) in Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.25GHz. The first current area (first electronic component connection area) and the second current area (second electronic component) of the radiator include the electric field zero point (large current point). Can correspond to double wavelength mode of DM mode. (c) in FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.7 GHz, which can correspond to the double wavelength mode of the CM mode, and is the same as the current distribution of the double wavelength mode of the CM mode shown in (c) in FIG. 16 . (d) in FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 3.1 GHz, which can correspond to the double wavelength mode of the DM mode, and is the same as the current distribution of the double wavelength mode of the DM mode shown in (d) in FIG. 16 .

Electronic components are electrically connected between the first current area of the radiator and the floor and between the second current area and the floor, so that the radiator is short-circuited in the first current area and the second current area, and the one-wavelength mode in this area can be changed. The boundary condition is to upgrade the one-wavelength mode to a new two-wavelength mode. The original two-wavelength mode remains unchanged, making the resonance generated by it closer to the high-frequency resonance (the resonance generated by the original twice-wavelength mode).

As shown in FIG. 18 , the antenna structure 100 may include: a radiator 110 , a floor 120 , a ground component 121 , a first electronic component 122 and a second electronic component 123 .

The first end of the grounding element 121 is electrically connected to the radiator 110 in the central area 101, and the second end of the grounding element 121 is electrically connected to the floor 120 to achieve grounding. The grounding element 121 is electrically connected to the radiator 110 and the floor 120 in the central area 101. between.

The radiator 110 includes a first current region 111 and a second current region 112 . The central area 101 is located between the first current area 111 and the second current area 112 . The first current region 111 includes the zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure 100 , and the second current region 112 includes the zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure 100 .

The first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 are electrically connected between the radiator 110 and the floor 120 in the first current region 111 and the second current region 112 respectively. The first end of the first electronic component 122 is electrically connected to the radiator 110 in the first current region 111, and the second end of the first electronic component 122 is electrically connected to the floor 120 to achieve grounding. The first end of the second electronic component 123 is in contact with the radiator 110 The second current area 112 is electrically connected, and the second end of the second electronic component 123 is electrically connected to the floor 120 to achieve grounding.

It should be understood that the ground element can be used to change the current and electric field of the original antenna structure in the DM mode, thereby adjusting the working mode of the antenna structure.

The difference between the antenna structure 100 shown in Figure 18 and the antenna structure 100 shown in Figure 7 is that the length of the radiator 110 in the antenna structure 100 shown in Figure 18 is equal to the distance between the first end and the second end. The linear (for example, strip) gap formed by the body 110 and the floor 120, and the length of the radiator 110 in the antenna structure 100 shown in Figure 7 is much greater than the distance between the first end and the second end, and the radiator 110 A non-linear (T-shaped or bent) gap is formed with the floor 120 . In one embodiment, the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 18 is a slot antenna. In one embodiment, the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 7 is a loop antenna. In one embodiment, the distance L1 between the first end and the second end is approximately the same as the length L2 of the radiator, which can be understood as L2×80%≤L1≤L2×120%, for example, L2×90%≤L1≤ L2×110%. In one embodiment, the length L2 of the radiator is much greater than the distance L1 between the first end and the second end, which can be understood as L1≤L2×50%, for example, L1≤L2×30%. It should be understood that when the ratio of the distance L1 between the first end and the second end to the length L2 of the radiator is between the ratio of forming a loop antenna and a slot antenna (for example, L2×30%≤L1≤L2×80%, ), the antenna structure can have the characteristics of both a slot antenna and a loop antenna.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure electronic device further includes a partially conductive frame 11. The frame 11 has a first position 141 and a second position 142. The first frame between the first position 141 and the second position 142 serves as the radiator 110. , as shown in Figure 19. It should be understood that the frame 11 is continuous with the remainder of the frame 11 at the first position 141 and the second position 142 . Meanwhile, the first position 141 and the second position 142 may correspond to the first and second ends of the radiator 110 .

It should be understood that the frame (for example, the first frame) may be a conductive frame, or may be a non-conductive frame with a conductive patch (disposed on the inner surface or embedded), then the conductive part of the first frame serves as the radiator of the antenna structure 100 110. It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, in the grounding position (for example, the first position 141 and the second position 142 mentioned above), the first frame is continuous with other parts of the frame. In fact, there may be a gap between the first frame and other frames. . For the non-conductive frame, the conductive patch may only include the parts used as radiators and parasitic radiators as shown in Figure 18, or may be continuously or discontinuously provided near other conductive patches.

Figures 20 and 21 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 18. Among them, Figure 20 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 18. Figure 21 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 18.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, only the first electronic component and the second electronic component are used as inductors, and the inductance value of the first electronic component is L1 = 1 nH, and the inductance value of the second electronic component is L2 = 1 nH. The length of the radiator in the extension direction (x-direction) is 76mm and the width (y-direction) is 32mm as an example. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements.

As shown in Figure 20, when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, only the ground element (the ground element is an inductor) is electrically connected between the central area of the radiator and the floor (inductance value L0=0.8nH), the half-wavelength mode in CM mode becomes one-wavelength mode, the three-half-wavelength mode becomes double-wavelength mode, and the one-wavelength mode and double-wavelength mode in DM mode are different. changes happened.

On the basis of electrically connecting the ground element between the central area and the floor, when the first electronic element and the second electronic element are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the doubled wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode becomes doubled Wavelength mode, forming a new double wavelength mode pair, the original CM mode and the double wavelength mode in DM mode will not change.

The antenna structure includes new double-wavelength mode pairs and original double-wavelength mode pairs, a total of 4 double-wavelength modes, so that the operating frequency band of the antenna structure (limited by S11<-4dB) can include 1.8GHz to 2.7GHz.

As shown in Figure 21, in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by each mode, the antenna structure has good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency).

22 to 24 are schematic diagrams of electric field/magnetic current distribution of the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 18 . Among them, FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the electric field/magnetic current distribution when the ground component and the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided. Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of electric field/magnetic current distribution with only grounding components. FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of electric field/magnetic current distribution when a ground component, a first electronic component, and a second electronic component are provided.

As shown in Figure 22, it can correspond to the electric field/magnetic current distribution at different frequency points in the S11 curve when the ground element and the first electronic element and the second electronic element are not provided in Figure 20.

Among them, (a) in Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the electric field/magnetic current distribution at 0.67GHz, which can correspond to the half-wavelength mode of the DM mode. (b) in Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the electric field/magnetic current distribution at 1.35GHz, which can correspond to the one-wavelength mode of the CM mode. (c) in Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the electric field/magnetic current distribution at 2.05GHz, which can correspond to the three-half wavelength mode of the DM mode. (d) in Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the electric field/magnetic current distribution at 2.7GHz, which can correspond to the twice-wavelength mode of the CM mode.

As shown in FIG. 23 , the current distribution at different frequency points in the S11 curve when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided can be corresponding to the grounding component shown in FIG. 20 .

Among them, (a) in Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.15GHz. The central area of the radiator (the ground element connection area) includes the electric field zero point (large current point), which can correspond to the double wavelength mode of the DM mode. (b) in FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.35 GHz, which can correspond to the one-wavelength mode of the CM mode, which is the same as the current distribution of the one-wavelength mode of the CM mode shown in (b) of FIG. 22 . (c) in Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.4GHz. The central area of the radiator (the ground element connection area) includes the electric field zero point (large current point) and the electric field zero point is included between the central area and both ends of the radiator ( The current is larger), which can correspond to the twice wavelength mode of the DM mode. (d) in FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.7 GHz, which can correspond to the double wavelength mode of the CM mode, and is the same as the current distribution of the double wavelength mode of the CM mode shown in (d) in FIG. 22 .

Electrically connecting the ground element between the central area of the radiator and the floor, short-circuiting the radiator in the central area, can change the boundary conditions of the DM mode in this area, improve the working mode in the DM mode, and make the resonance generated in the CM mode The resulting resonance is close.

As shown in FIG. 24 , the current distribution at different frequency points in the S11 curve when the ground component, the first electronic component and the second electronic component are provided can correspond to the configuration shown in FIG. 20 .

Among them, (a) in Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.85GHz. The first current area (first electronic component connection area) and the second current area (second electronic component) of the radiator include the electric field zero point (large current point). ), which can correspond to the twice-wavelength mode of the DM mode. (b) in Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.15GHz. The first current area (first electronic component connection area) and the second current area (second electronic component) of the radiator include the electric field zero point (large current point). Can correspond to twice wavelength mode of CM mode. (c) in FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.45 GHz, which can correspond to the double wavelength mode of the DM mode, and is the same as the current distribution of the double wavelength mode of the DM mode shown in (c) in FIG. 23 . (d) in FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 2.7 GHz, which can correspond to the double wavelength mode of the CM mode, and is the same as the current distribution of the double wavelength mode of the CM mode shown in (d) in FIG. 23 .

It should be understood that, for the sake of simplicity of discussion, the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 25 may be any of the above-mentioned antenna structures (for example, the loop antenna shown in FIG. 7 or the slot antenna shown in FIG. 20), or it may be It is any antenna structure in the following embodiments. In this embodiment, the antenna structure 100 is the slot antenna shown in FIG. 20 as an example for explanation. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design. , the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

As shown in FIG. 25 , the antenna structure 100 may further include a first filter 131 and a second filter 132 .

The first filter 131 is electrically connected between the first current area 111 and the first electronic component 122 , and the second filter 132 is electrically connected between the second current area 112 and the second electronic component 123 . The first filter 131 and the second filter 132 are in a conductive state (low impedance, low insertion loss, short circuit state) in the first frequency band, and are in a disconnected state (high impedance, high insertion loss, open circuit state) in the second frequency band. state), the frequency of the first band is higher than the frequency of the second band.

In one embodiment, the first filter 131 and the second filter 132 may be high-pass filters. For example, the first filter 131 and the second filter 132 may include a capacitor and an inductor to form an LC oscillation structure. It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the types of the first filter 131 and the second filter 132, and they can be adjusted according to actual production or design needs.

It should be understood that when the first filter 131 and the second filter 132 are not provided, the antenna structure 100 can generate the first resonance (twice the wavelength of the new DM mode), the second resonance (twice the wavelength of the new CM mode). wavelength mode), the third resonance (twice the wavelength mode of the original DM mode) and the fourth resonance (twice the wavelength mode of the original CM mode). When the first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 are not provided, the antenna structure 100 can generate the fifth resonance (one wavelength mode of the DM mode), the sixth resonance (one wavelength mode of the CM mode), and the third resonance. and the fourth resonance.

Therefore, when the first frequency band includes the resonant frequency band of the first resonance, the resonant frequency band of the second resonance, the resonant frequency band of the third resonance and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance, the second frequency band includes the resonant frequency band of the fifth resonance and the sixth resonance. The resonant frequency band of resonance. The first filter 131 and the second filter 132 are in a conductive state in the first frequency band. The first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 are electrically connected to the radiator 110. The antenna structure 100 can generate the first resonance and the second resonance. , the third resonance and the fourth resonance. First filter 131 and second filter 132 In the disconnected state in the second frequency band, the first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 are disconnected from the radiator 110 and are not electrically connected. The antenna structure 100 can additionally generate the fifth resonance and the sixth resonance.

The first filter 131 and the second filter 132 are electrically connected between the radiator and the electronic component. The impedance characteristics can be used to adjust the electrical connection state (short circuit or open circuit) between the electronic component and the radiator, and further utilize the DM mode. The one-wavelength mode and the one-wavelength mode of the CM mode expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure 100 .

Figures 26 and 27 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 25. Among them, Figure 26 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 25. Figure 27 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 25.

It should be understood that for simplicity of discussion, the embodiment of the present application only takes an LC filter in which the first filter 131 and the second filter 132 are connected in parallel as an example. The capacitance value of the capacitor in the filter is 3 pF, and the inductance of the inductor is 3 pF. The value is 5nH. At the same time, the inductance value of the first electronic component is 4nH and the inductance value of the second electronic component is 3nH.

As shown in Figure 26, it is shown that the radiator and the floor are electrically connected to the first electronic component and the second electronic component (the electronic component is connected), and the radiator and the floor are not provided with the first electronic component and the second electronic component (the electronic component is disconnected). ), and the S11 curve of the filter electrically connected between the electronic component and the radiator.

Utilize the high-resistance characteristics of the filter at low frequency (the frequency band where the twice-wavelength mode is located) (equivalent to the disconnection between the electronic component and the radiator) and the low-resistance characteristics (equivalent to the electronic component) at high frequency (the frequency band where the twice-wavelength mode is located) short circuit with the radiator), the antenna structure can generate six resonant frequency bands at low and high frequencies to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure.

As shown in Figure 27, in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by each mode, the antenna structure has good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency).

As shown in FIG. 28 , the antenna structure 100 may include: a radiator 110 , a floor 120 , a first electronic component 122 and a second electronic component 123 .

The radiator 110 has a gap 121 in the central area 101 . The radiator 110 includes a first current region 111 and a second current region 112 . The central area 101 is located between the first current area 111 and the second current area 112 . The first current region 111 includes the zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure 100 , and the second current region 112 includes the zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure 100 .

The difference between the antenna structure 100 shown in Figure 28 and the antenna structure 100 shown in Figure 7 is that the radiator 110 and the floor 120 form a non-linear (T-shaped or bent) gap to form a loop antenna. The electrical length of the radiator 110 in the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 28 is three-half of the first wavelength, and the electrical length of the radiator 110 in the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 7 is twice the first wavelength.

It should be understood that the gap 121 provided in the central area 101 can be used to change the current and electric field of the original antenna structure in the DM mode and increase the DM mode of the antenna structure.

When the gap 121, the first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 are not provided, the working modes of the antenna structure 100 may include a half-wavelength mode and a three-half-wavelength mode in the CM mode, and a DM mode. One-wavelength mode, the corresponding current and electric field distribution are shown in Figure 29. Compared with the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 7 , since the electrical length of the radiator 110 is reduced from twice the first wavelength to three-half the first wavelength, it cannot excite twice the wavelength in the DM mode. model.

It should be understood that the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 100 included in the above-mentioned current region can be understood as the current zero point included in the current and electric field distribution corresponding to the highest order mode in the antenna structure. In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 110 is three-half of the first wavelength. Correspondingly, the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 100 can be understood as the electric field zero point generated by the three-half wavelength mode. (Higher current).

As shown in (a) and (c) in Figure 29, it is the electric field and current distribution diagram corresponding to the one-half wavelength mode and three-half wavelength mode in the CM mode, as shown in (b) and (b) in Figure 29 (d) shows the electric field and current distribution diagrams corresponding to the one-wavelength mode and the two-wavelength mode in the DM mode. In the distribution diagrams shown in (a) and (c) in Fig. 29, the center area of the radiator includes the current zero point (large electric field point). In the distribution diagram shown in (b) of FIG. 29 , the central region of the radiator includes the electric field zero point (large current point).

Therefore, when the gap 121 is opened in the central area, the current on the radiator is disconnected in the central area, forming a current zero point (large electric field point). For the one-wavelength mode in DM mode, the boundary conditions in the central area change, from the electric field zero point (large current point) to the current zero point (large electric field point). Due to the change of boundary conditions in the central region, the current and electric field distribution of the radiator are shown in (a) and (c) in Figure 30. The one-wavelength mode in the DM mode disappears, and the generated current and electric field distribution can correspond to One-half wavelength mode and three-half wavelength mode.

For the half-wavelength mode and three-half-wavelength mode in the CM mode, the current and electric field distribution of the radiator are shown in (b) and (d) in Figure 30. The current zero point (large electric field point) is located The central area of the radiator is equivalent to the current being disconnected in the central area. The opening of a gap in the central area does not change the boundary conditions. Therefore, the one-half wavelength mode and three-half wavelength mode in the CM mode do not change.

The first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component 123 can be used to change the current and electric field of the antenna structure 100 in the half-wavelength mode, thereby adjusting the working mode of the antenna structure 100 .

When the gap 121 is opened in the central area, the electric field and current distribution diagrams corresponding to the three-half wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode are shown in (c) and (d) in Figure 30. In the central area of the radiator and There are a first current region 111 and a second current region 112 including an electric field zero point (a large current point) between the first end (second end) of the radiator. In the half-wavelength mode of the CM mode and the DM mode, when electronic components are electrically connected between the first current area 111 and the floor and between the second current area 112 and the floor, since the electronic components and the floor pass through this area 120 electrical connection, short-circuiting the radiator between the area and the floor, the boundary conditions of the area can be changed, and the electric field zero point (large current point) appears in the area. Due to changes in the boundary conditions in this region, the electric field and current distribution corresponding to the half-wavelength mode in the CM mode and DM mode change accordingly. The current and electric field distribution of the radiator are shown in Figure 31 (a) and (b) As shown, the one-half wavelength mode becomes the three-half wavelength mode.

For the three-half wavelength mode in the CM mode and DM mode, the corresponding electric field and current distribution diagrams are shown in (c) and (d) in Figure 31, when connecting the first electronic component 122 and the second electronic component The area of element 123 (first current area 111 and second current area 112) both includes the electric field zero point (large current point), which is equivalent to a short circuit. The electronic components are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor in this area without changing the boundary conditions. Therefore, the three-half wavelength mode does not change in CM mode and DM mode.

Therefore, opening the gap 121 in the central area of the radiator 110 allows the working mode of the antenna structure to include two half-wavelength modes (CM mode and DM mode) and two three-half-wavelength modes (CM mode and DM mode). ). While the first electronic component and the second electronic component are electrically connected between the first current area 111 and the second current area 112 of the radiator 110 and the floor 120, the half-wavelength mode can be The electric field zero point (large current point) appears in the second current region 112, causing it to change from the one-half wavelength mode to the three-half wavelength mode, forming a new three-half wavelength mode pair, which improves the low-frequency resonance frequency band. The working mode is adjusted to high frequency so that the working modes of the antenna structure include two three-half wavelength modes in the CM mode and two three-half wavelength modes in the DM mode, which can generate four resonances with close frequencies. To expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 100 may further include a third electronic component 124 , and the third electronic component 124 may be electrically connected between the radiators on both sides of the gap 121 . It should be understood that the third electronic component 124 may be used to adjust the frequency of the resonance generated by the DM mode. In one embodiment, the third electronic component 124 may be a capacitor, and its capacitance value may be adjusted according to actual production or design.

Figures 32 and 33 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 28. Among them, Figure 32 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 28. Figure 33 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 28.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, only the first electronic component and the second electronic component are used as inductors, and the inductance value of the first electronic component is L1=1.5nH, and the inductance value of the second electronic component is L2=2nH. , the capacitance value of the third electronic component C0=0.06pF, the length of the radiator in the extension direction (x direction) is 62.8mm, the width (y direction) is 4mm, and the distance between the two ends of the radiator (x direction) Taking 12.4mm as an example, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design needs in actual applications.

As shown in Figure 32, when there is no gap in the central area of the radiator, the antenna structure can be used in the half-wavelength mode in CM mode, the one-wavelength mode in DM mode, and the three-half-wavelength mode in CM mode. The modes in turn produce three resonant frequency bands.

When a gap is opened in the central area of the radiator, the one-wavelength mode in the DM mode disappears. The resonance frequency bands generated by the half-wavelength mode in the CM mode and the half-wavelength mode in the DM mode are synthesized into one resonance frequency band due to the close frequency distance. The resonance frequency bands generated by the three-half wavelength mode in the CM mode and the three-half wavelength mode in the DM mode are synthesized into one resonance frequency band due to the close frequency distance.

On the basis of opening a gap in the central area, when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the one-half wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode becomes a new three-half wavelength wavelength mode, forming a new three-half wavelength mode pair, The original three-quarter wavelength mode in CM mode and DM mode will not change.

The antenna structure includes a new three-half wavelength mode pair and the original three-half wavelength mode pair, a total of 4 double wavelength modes, so that the operating frequency band of the antenna structure (limited by S11<-4dB) can include 1.6GHz to 2.3GHz.

Therefore, compared with the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 7 , the antenna structure shown in FIG. 28 generates four resonances while reducing the size of the radiator from twice the first wavelength to three-half, reducing the size of the antenna. Dimensions of structure.

As shown in Figure 33, in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by each mode, the antenna structure has good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency).

Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 34 , the antenna structure 100 may include: a radiator 110 , a floor 120 , a first electronic component 122 and a second electronic component 123 .

The difference between the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 34 and the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 18 is that the radiator 110 and the floor 120 enclose a linear (for example, strip-shaped) gap to form a slot antenna. The electrical length of the radiator 110 in the antenna structure 100 is three-half of the first wavelength. The electrical length of the radiator 110 in the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 18 is twice the first wavelength.

Figures 35 and 36 are simulation result diagrams of the antenna structure shown in Figure 34. Among them, Figure 35 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 34. Figure 36 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 34.

It should be understood that for the sake of simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, only the first electronic component and the second electronic component are taken as inductors, and the inductance value of the first electronic component is L1=1nH, the inductance value of the second electronic component is L2=1nH, the length of the extension direction (x direction) of the radiator is 76mm, and the width (y direction) is 32mm. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements.

As shown in Figure 35, when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, and only a gap is opened in the central area of the radiator, the working modes of the antenna structure include two modes: CM mode and DM mode. One-half wavelength mode, and three-quarter wavelength mode in CM mode and DM mode.

On the basis of opening a gap in the central area, when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the one-half wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode becomes a three-half wavelength mode. , forming a new three-quarter wavelength mode pair, and the three-half wavelength mode in the original CM mode and DM mode does not change.

The antenna structure includes a new three-half wavelength mode pair and the original three-half wavelength mode pair, a total of four three-quarter wavelength modes, so that the working frequency band of the antenna structure (limited by S11<-4dB) can include 1.25GHz to 2.05GHz.

Therefore, compared with the antenna structure 100 shown in Figure 18, the antenna structure shown in Figure 34 generates four resonances while reducing the size of the radiator from twice the first wavelength to three-half, reducing the size of the antenna. Dimensions of structure.

As shown in Figure 36, the antenna structure has good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency) in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by each mode.

37 and 38 are schematic diagrams of electric field/magnetic current distribution of the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 34 . Among them, FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of the electric field/magnetic current distribution when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided. FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of electric field/magnetic current distribution when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are installed.

As shown in FIG. 37 , corresponding to the gap shown in FIG. 35 , the current distribution at different frequency points in the S11 curve when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not provided.

Among them, (a) in Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 0.58 GHz. The central area of the radiator includes the current zero point (large electric field point), which can correspond to the half-wavelength mode of the CM mode. (b) in Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 0.65 GHz, which can correspond to the half-wavelength mode of the DM mode. (c) in Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.8GHz, the central area of the radiator The domain includes the current zero point (large electric field point) and the current zero point (large electric field point) between the central region and both ends of the radiator, which can correspond to the three-half wavelength mode of the CM mode. (d) in Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.9GHz, which can correspond to the three-half wavelength mode of the DM mode.

Opening a gap in the central area of the radiator allows the current on the radiator to be disconnected in the central area, which can change the boundary conditions of the DM mode in this area, so that the one-wavelength mode in the DM mode becomes a half-wavelength mode and Three-quarter wavelength mode.

As shown in FIG. 38 , the current distribution at different frequency points in the S11 curve of the first electronic component and the second electronic component can be obtained corresponding to the gap shown in FIG. 35 .

Among them, (a) in Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.45GHz. The first current area (first electronic component connection area) and the second current area (second electronic component) of the radiator include the electric field zero point (large current point). ), which can correspond to the three-half wavelength mode of the CM mode. (b) in Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of current distribution at 1.6GHz. The first current area (first electronic component connection area) and the second current area (second electronic component) of the radiator include the electric field zero point (large current point). The three-half wavelength mode can correspond to the DM mode. (c) in Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.8GHz, which can correspond to the three-half wavelength mode of the CM mode, and the current in the three-half wavelength mode of the CM mode shown in (c) in Figure 37 The distribution is the same. (d) in Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution at 1.9GHz, which can correspond to the three-half wavelength mode of the DM mode, and the current of the three-half wavelength mode of the CM mode shown in (d) of Figure 37 The distribution is the same.

By electrically connecting electronic components between the first current region of the radiator and the floor and between the second current region and the floor, short-circuiting the radiator in the first current region and the second current region, the half-wavelength mode can be changed in The boundary conditions in this area are to upgrade the one-half wavelength mode to the new three-half wavelength mode. The original three-half wavelength mode remains unchanged, causing the resonance generated by it to be high-frequency resonance (the original twice-wavelength mode generates resonance) close to.

It should be understood that the antenna structure 100 shown in FIG. 25 can also be a loop antenna in which the electrical length of the radiator shown in FIG. 28 is three-half the wavelength, or the electrical length of the radiator shown in FIG. 34 is three-half the wavelength. Wavelength slot antenna, in this embodiment, only the antenna structure 100 is the slot antenna shown in FIG. 34 is used as an example for description. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design. In this embodiment of the present application, There are no restrictions.

Figures 40 and 41 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 39. Among them, Figure 40 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 39. Figure 41 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 39.

It should be understood that for the sake of simplicity of discussion, the embodiment of the present application only takes the LC filter in which the first filter 131 and the second filter 132 are connected in parallel as an example. The capacitance value of the capacitor in the first filter 131 is 4pF, and the inductance value of the inductor is 19nH. The capacitance value of the capacitor in the second filter 132 is 3pF, and the inductance value of the inductor is 20nH. At the same time, the inductance value of the first electronic component is L1=4nH, and the inductance value of the second electronic component is L2=4.5nH.

As shown in Figure 40, it is shown that the radiator and the floor are electrically connected to the first electronic component and the second electronic component (the electronic component is connected), and the radiator and the floor are not provided with the first electronic component and the second electronic component (the electronic component is disconnected). ), and the S11 curve of the filter electrically connected between the electronic component and the radiator.

By utilizing the filter's high impedance characteristics at low frequencies (the frequency band where the half-wavelength mode is located) (equivalent to a disconnection between the electronic component and the radiator) and low impedance characteristics at high frequencies (the frequency band where the three-half-wavelength mode is located) (equivalent to a short circuit between the electronic component and the radiator), the antenna structure can generate six resonant frequency bands at low and high frequencies to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure.

As shown in FIG. 41 , in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by each mode, the antenna structure has good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency).

It should be understood that in the above embodiments, the antenna structure is a slot antenna or a loop antenna as an example. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to the structure of a linear antenna.

As shown in FIG. 42 , the antenna structure 200 may include: a radiator 210 , a floor 220 and a first electronic component 221 .

The first end of the radiator 210 is grounded, and the second end of the radiator 210 is an open end (the second end of the radiator 210 is not directly connected to other conductors). The radiator 210 includes a first current region 211 that includes a zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure 200 . The first electronic component 221 is electrically connected between the first current area 211 and the floor 220 .

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may further include a feeding unit 230, which may be electrically connected to the radiator 210 at a feeding point to feed an electrical signal to cause the antenna structure to resonate.

In one embodiment, at least a portion of the radiator 210 from the first end to the second end is used to generate the first resonance.

In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 210 may be three-quarters of the first wavelength, the antenna structure 200 is an antenna structure designed based on the three-quarters wavelength, and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance.

It should be understood that when the first electronic component is not provided and the electrical length of the radiator 210 is three-quarters of the first wavelength, its operating mode may include a quarter-wavelength mode and a three-quarter-wavelength mode. When the feeding unit 230 feeds power at the second end, the corresponding current and electric field distribution are as shown in FIG. 43 .

It should be understood that the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 200 included in the above-mentioned current region can be understood as the current zero point included in the current and electric field distribution corresponding to the highest order mode in the antenna structure. In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 210 is three-quarters of the first wavelength. Correspondingly, the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 200 can be understood as the electric field zero point generated by the three-quarter wavelength mode. (Higher current).

As shown in (a) in Figure 43, it is the current and electric field distribution corresponding to the quarter mode, and the electric field zero point (large current point) is not included on the radiator. As shown in (b) in Figure 43, it is the current and electric field distribution corresponding to the three-quarter wavelength mode. The radiator includes an electric field zero point (large current point).

The first electronic component 221 can be used to change the current and electric field of the antenna structure 200 in the quarter-wavelength mode, thereby adjusting the working mode of the antenna structure 200 .

In the quarter-wave mode, when an electronic component is electrically connected between the first current region 211 and the floor, since the electronic component is electrically connected to the floor 220 in this region, the boundary conditions of this region can be changed, and the boundary conditions in this region can be changed. The current zero point (large electric field point) becomes the electric field zero point (large current point). As the boundary conditions in this region change, the electric field and current distribution corresponding to the quarter-wavelength mode change accordingly. The current distribution of the radiator is shown in (a) in Figure 44, and the electric field distribution of the radiator is shown in Figure 44. As shown in (b), the quarter-wavelength mode changes to the new three-quarter-wavelength mode.

For the three-quarter wavelength mode, the area connected to the first electronic component 221 (the first current area 211) includes the electric field zero point (large current point), and the current distribution of the radiator is as shown in (a) in Figure 45, The electric field distribution of the radiator is shown in (b) in Figure 45, which is equivalent to a short circuit. Electrically connecting electronic components between the radiator and the floor in this area does not change the boundary conditions. Therefore, the three-quarter wavelength mode does not change. .

Therefore, by electrically connecting the first electronic component between the floor 220 and the first current region 211 of the radiator 210, the quarter-wavelength mode can generate an electric field zero point (large current point) in the first current region 211, making it From the quarter-wavelength mode to the three-quarter-wavelength mode, a new three-quarter wavelength mode is formed, and the low-frequency resonant frequency band is adjusted to a high frequency by improving its working mode, so that the working mode of the antenna structure includes two The three-quarter wavelength mode can generate two resonances with close frequencies to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure.

In one embodiment, the first electronic component 221 may be an inductor, and the inductance value of the first electronic component 221 is less than or equal to the first threshold. For example, when the frequency of the first resonance is less than or equal to 1.7GHz, the first threshold is 5nH. When the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 1.7GHz and less than or equal to 3GHz, the first threshold is 3nH. When the frequency of the first resonance is greater than 3GHz, the first threshold is 2nH.

In one embodiment, the first electronic component 221 may be a capacitor, and the capacitance value of the first electronic component 221 is less than or equal to the second threshold. For example, the second threshold may be 50 pF.

In one embodiment, the first electronic component 221 , for example, the resistance value of the first electronic component 221 may be 0 ohm.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure electronic device also includes a partially conductive frame 11. The frame 11 has a first position 201 and a second position 202. The frame 11 is grounded at the first position 201 and has a gap at the second position. The first frame between the first position 201 and the second position 202 serves as the radiator 210 . It should be understood that the frame 11 is continuous with the remainder of the frame 11 at first positions 201 and . Meanwhile, the first position 201 and the second position 202 may correspond to the first end and the second end of the radiator 210 .

In one embodiment, the filtering structure in the above embodiment can also be applied to the antenna structure in Figure 42 and below. The antenna structure 200 may further include a filter, which may be electrically connected between the first electronic component 221 and the first current region 211 . The filter is in a conductive state in the first frequency band and in a disconnected state in the second frequency band. The frequency of the first frequency band is higher than the frequency of the second frequency band. In one embodiment, the portion of the radiator 210 from the first end to the second end is used to generate the first resonance, the second resonance and the third resonance. The first frequency band includes a resonant frequency band of the first resonance and a resonant frequency band of the second resonance, and the second frequency band includes a resonant frequency band of the third resonance. Wherein, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance may correspond to the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the above-mentioned new three-quarter wavelength mode, and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance may correspond to the resonant frequency band of the above-mentioned original three-quarter wavelength mode. The resonant frequency band, the resonant frequency band of the third resonance may correspond to the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the quarter mode that is not electrically connected to the first electronic component 211 .

Figures 46 and 47 are simulation result diagrams of the antenna structure shown in Figure 42. Among them, Figure 46 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 42. Figure 47 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 42.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, the length of the radiator is only 54 mm. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements.

As shown in Figure 46, when the first electronic component is not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the antenna structure can generate two resonances through the quarter-wavelength mode and the three-quarter-wavelength mode.

When the first electronic component is electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the quarter-wavelength mode changes to a new three-quarter-wavelength mode, approaching the resonance formed by the original three-quarter-wavelength mode.

Furthermore, by adjusting the first electronic component (for example, the first electronic component may be an inductor, a capacitor, or a resistor), the frequency of the resonance generated by the new quarter-wavelength mode will change. At the same time, the frequency of the resonance generated by the original three-quarter wavelength mode has basically not shifted.

As shown in Figure 47, in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by each mode, the antenna structure has good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency).

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 48 and the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 42 lies in the position where the feeding unit 230 is disposed.

In the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 42 , the feeding unit 230 is electrically connected to the radiator 210 at the second end of the radiator 210 . As shown in (b) in Figure 45, in this antenna structure, between the two ground points (the connection point between the first electronic component and the radiator and the first end of the radiator), between the radiator and the floor A strong bound electric field is generated in the formed closed slot. This part of the electric field cannot form radiation in the far field, but will be converted into heat energy and lost in the medium or conductor around the closed slot, resulting in poor radiation performance of the antenna structure (for example, far-field radiation). field radiation efficiency) becomes worse.

In one embodiment, the feeding unit 230 may be electrically connected to the radiator 210 in the first current region 211 to feed the electrical signal.

Alternatively, in one embodiment, the feed point unit 230 may be electrically connected to the radiator 210 in the electric field region 212 to feed the electrical signal. The electric field region 212 includes the zero point of the current generated by the antenna structure 200 . It should be understood that the current zero point can be understood as when the antenna structure 200 feeds an electrical signal, the current is reversed on both sides of the current zero point. The current zero point corresponds to the large electric field point, and the electric field region 212 can be understood as an area within a certain range from the large current point or the electric field zero point. For example, the electric field area 212 can be understood as an area within 5 mm from the zero point of the current or the large point of the electric field.

Alternatively, in one embodiment, the feed point unit 230 may be electrically connected to the radiator 210 at the first end of the radiator 210 to feed the electrical signal.

It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the connection position of the feed unit 230 and the radiator 210. In actual production or design, it can be flexibly adjusted according to the internal layout of the electronic device to reduce the number of radiators between the two ground points. The closed groove formed between the antenna and the floor generates a strong binding electric field, which reduces the heat energy loss in the medium or conductor around the closed groove and improves the radiation performance of the antenna structure.

As shown in FIG. 49 , the antenna structure 200 may also include a second electronic component 222 .

Among them, the first electronic component 221 is electrically connected to the radiator 210 at the first position 231, the second electronic component 222 is electrically connected to the radiator at the second position 232, and the second position 232 is located at the first position 231 and the third position. 233, the third position 233 is located between the first position 232 and the second end (open end) of the radiator 210, and the distance between the third position 233 and the first position 231 is the same as the distance from the second end of the radiator 210. .

It should be understood that the second electronic component 222 can be used to reduce the strong binding electric field generated in the closed groove formed between the radiator and the floor between the two ground points in the original three-quarter wavelength mode, and reduce the closed groove The surrounding medium or conductor is converted into heat energy loss, improving the radiation performance of the antenna structure.

In one embodiment, the second electronic component 222 may be an inductor, a capacitor or a resistor. The embodiment of the present application does not limit this, and the selection can be made according to the actual design.

In one embodiment, the feed point unit 230 may be electrically connected to the radiator 210 in the electric field region 212 to feed the electrical signal.

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 49 and the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 42 is that the second electronic component 222 is electrically connected between the radiator 210 and the floor 220, and the feeding unit 230 is disposed in a different position. .

As shown in (a) in FIG. 50 , the first electronic component 211 is electrically connected between the radiator 210 and the floor 220 , and the quarter-wavelength mode changes to the electric field and current distribution corresponding to the new three-quarter-wavelength mode. picture. The second electronic component 222 is electrically connected between the radiator 210 and the floor 220. The electric field and current distribution corresponding to the new three-quarter wavelength mode are approximately the same.

As shown in (b) and (c) of Figure 50, the electric field and current distribution diagrams corresponding to the original three-quarter wavelength mode are respectively when the second electronic component 212 is not electrically connected between the radiator 210 and the floor 220 and when the second electronic component 212 is electrically connected. The electric field generated in the closed groove formed between the radiator and the floor between the two grounding points (the connection point between the first electronic component and the radiator and the first end of the radiator) is weakened, reducing the loss converted into heat energy in the medium or conductor around the closed groove, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna structure.

Figures 51 and 52 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 49. Among them, Figure 51 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 49. Figure 52 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 49.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, only the second electronic component is an inductor, and the inductance value L2 = 3nH is used as an example for explanation. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements.

As shown in Figure 51, when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the antenna structure can generate two resonances through the quarter-wavelength mode and the three-quarter-wavelength mode.

When the first electronic component is not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, but the second electronic component is electrically connected, the quarter-wavelength mode of the antenna structure can also be changed to the three-quarter-wavelength mode, and the resulting resonance frequency band The frequency shifts to high frequencies.

When the first electronic component and the second electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the quarter-wavelength mode of the antenna structure can also be changed into a three-quarter-wavelength mode and shifted to a high frequency by adjusting the first Electronic components (for example, L1=0.5nH or 2nH) can control the frequency difference between the new three-quarter wavelength mode and the resonance generated by the original three-quarter wavelength mode, so that the new three-quarter wavelength mode generates The frequency of the resonance is closer to the frequency of the resonance produced by the original three-quarter wavelength mode.

Moreover, after adding the second electronic component, the operating bandwidth (S11<-4dB) of the antenna structure becomes wider.

As shown in Figure 52, compared with the second electronic component not being electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, after the second electronic component is electrically connected, the antenna structure resonates at the resonance point (about 2.1) in the original three-quarter wavelength mode. GHz), the efficiency is improved by about 1dB.

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 53 and the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 49 lies in the position of the feeding unit 230. The feeding point on the radiator 210 in the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 53 is different. With the first current region 211, the feeding unit 230 and the radiator 210 are electrically connected at the feeding point.

As shown in (a) in FIG. 54 , the first electronic component 211 is electrically connected between the radiator 210 and the floor 220 , and the quarter-wavelength mode changes to the electric field and current distribution corresponding to the new three-quarter-wavelength mode. picture. The second electronic component 222 is electrically connected between the radiator 210 and the floor 220. The electric field and current distribution corresponding to the new three-quarter wavelength mode are approximately the same.

As shown in (b) and (c) in Figure 54 , the second electronic component 212 is not electrically connected between the radiator 210 and the floor 220 and the second electronic component 212 is electrically connected respectively. The original three-quarter wavelength mode Corresponding electric field and current distribution diagrams. The electric field generated in the closed slot formed between the radiator and the floor between the two ground points (the connection point between the first electronic component and the radiator and the first end of the radiator) weakens, reducing the medium or conductor around the closed slot. It is converted into heat energy loss and improves the radiation performance of the antenna structure.

Figures 55 and 56 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 53. Among them, Figure 55 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 53. Figure 56 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 53.

As shown in Figure 55, when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the antenna structure can generate two resonances through the quarter-wavelength mode and the three-quarter-wavelength mode.

When the first electronic component is not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, but the second electronic component is electrically connected, the frequency of the resonant frequency band generated by the quarter-wavelength mode of the antenna structure shifts to high frequency, but the shift amplitude is limited. .

When the first electronic component and the second electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the quarter-wavelength mode of the antenna structure changes to the three-quarter-wavelength mode and shifts to high frequency, by adjusting the first electronic component (For example, L1 = 0.5nH or 2nH) The difference in frequency between the new three-quarter wavelength mode and the resonance generated by the original three-quarter wavelength mode can be controlled, so that the frequency of the resonance generated by the new three-quarter wavelength mode is The frequency approaches the frequency of the resonance produced by the original three-quarter wavelength mode.

As shown in Figure 56, compared with the second electronic component not being electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, after the second electronic component is electrically connected, the antenna structure resonates at the resonance point (about 2.3) in the original three-quarter wavelength mode. GHz), the efficiency is improved by about 1dB.

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 57 and the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 53 lies in the different operating frequency bands of the antenna structures. The working frequency band of the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 53 is a medium frequency band (for example, the working frequency band is greater than 1.7GHz and less than or equal to 3GHz), and the working frequency band of the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 57 is a low frequency band (for example, the working frequency band is less than or equal to 1.7GHz).

As shown in Figure 57, the antenna structure 200 uses part of the frame 11 of the electronic device as the radiator 210. Since the electrical length of the radiator is three-quarters of the first wavelength, when the first resonance corresponding to the first wavelength is located in the low-frequency band , its physical length is relatively large, and the radiator 210 can be located on three adjacent sides of the frame to meet the physical length requirements of the radiator 210 .

Figures 58 to 63 are simulation result diagrams of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57. Among them, Figure 58 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57 when the first electronic component is electrically connected and the second electronic component is not electrically connected. Figure 59 is a simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57 when the first electronic component is electrically connected and the second electronic component is not electrically connected. FIG. 60 is a current distribution diagram in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 57 when the first electronic component is electrically connected but the second electronic component is not electrically connected. Figure 61 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57. Figure 62 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57. Figure 63 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 57.

It should be understood that for the sake of simplicity of discussion, the lengths of the first side, the second side and the third side of the radiator 210 at the angular intersections of the frame 11 are respectively 63 mm, 76 mm and 16 mm. The above parameters are only used as examples for illustration. , in actual applications, it can be adjusted according to the design, and this application does not limit this.

As shown in Figure 58, when the first electronic component and the second electronic component are not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the antenna structure can generate two resonances through the quarter-wavelength mode and the three-quarter-wavelength mode.

When the first electronic component is electrically connected between the radiator and the floor and the second electronic component is not electrically connected, the quarter-wavelength mode of the antenna structure changes to the three-quarter-wavelength mode and shifts to high frequency. By adjusting the third electronic component An electronic component (for example, L1=0.5nH or 2nH) can control the difference in frequency between the new three-quarter wavelength mode and the resonance generated by the original three-quarter wavelength mode, so that the new three-quarter wavelength mode is generated. The frequency of the resonance is closer to the frequency of the resonance produced by the original three-quarter wavelength mode.

As shown in Figure 59, at the resonance point (approximately 0.89 GHz) of the resonance generated by the original three-quarter wavelength mode, due to the gap between the two ground points of the radiator (the connection point between the first electronic component and the radiator), A strong binding electric field is generated in the closed groove formed between the radiator (the first end of the radiator) and the floor, and the efficiency of the antenna structure is low.

As shown in (a) in Figure 60, it is the current distribution diagram corresponding to the new three-quarter wavelength mode formed by electrically connecting the first electronic component between the radiator and the floor when L1=1nH. As shown in (b) in Figure 60, it is the current distribution diagram corresponding to the original three-quarter wavelength mode when L1=1nH.

As shown in Figure 61, when the first electronic component is not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, but the second electronic component is electrically connected, the frequency of the resonant frequency band generated by the quarter-wavelength mode of the antenna structure is shifted to high frequency. , but the offset range is limited.

When the first electronic component and the second electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor (the inductance value L2 of the second electronic component is 2.5nH), the new three-quarter wavelength mode can be controlled by adjusting the first electronic component. The difference in the frequency of the resonance generated by the original three-quarter wavelength mode makes the frequency of the resonance generated by the new three-quarter wavelength mode closer to the frequency of the resonance generated by the original three-quarter wavelength mode.

As shown in Figure 62, compared with the efficiency simulation results shown in Figure 59, after the second electronic component is electrically connected, the antenna structure has an efficiency at the resonance point (about 0.89GHz) of the resonance generated by the original three-quarter wavelength mode. Improved by about 4dB.

As shown in (a) in Figure 63, it is the current distribution diagram corresponding to the new three-quarter wavelength mode. In this working mode, the current on the floor flows along the long side of the floor (the length in the y direction is greater than the length in the x direction), which can be understood as the longitudinal mode of the floor. In this mode, it can be understood that the floor forms something like a monopole. The electrical length of the substructure can be half of the operating wavelength of the antenna structure (the wavelength corresponding to the current resonance) to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna structure.

As shown in (b) in Figure 63, it is the current distribution diagram corresponding to the original three-quarter wavelength mode. In this working mode, the current on the floor includes the component flowing along the long side of the floor (the length in the y direction is greater than the length in the x direction) and the share flowing along the short side of the floor, which can be understood as a mixture of the longitudinal and transverse directions of the floor. mode, but since the length of the short side of the floor is less than half of the operating wavelength of the antenna structure (the wavelength corresponding to the current resonance), the transverse mode cannot improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna structure. Only the component of the longitudinal mode generated by the floor can Improve the efficiency of antenna structures.

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 64 and the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 57 is that the antenna structure 200 includes a harmonic Zhenzhijie 250. The antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 64 is based on the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 57, and a resonant branch 250 with an electrical length of one quarter of the first wavelength is added to the first end of the radiator 210. The first end is connected to the first end of the radiator 210 (the frame 11 is continuous at this position), and the second end of the resonant branch 250 is an open end (the frame 11 has a gap at this position, and the resonant branch 250 is not connected to the other frames at this position). electrical connection), so that the radiation diameter of the antenna structure is increased from three-quarters of the first wavelength to one time of the first wavelength.

In one embodiment, the length L1 of the resonant branch 250 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 satisfy: 0.2×L2≤L1≤0.3×L2.

In one embodiment, a third electronic component 223 is electrically connected between the first end of the radiator 210 and the floor 220 . The third electronic component 223 can be used to adjust the frequency of resonance generated by the antenna structure, so that the resonance frequency bands of multiple resonances generated by the antenna structure are close to each other, so as to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure.

Figures 65 to 74 are simulation result diagrams of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64. Among them, Figure 65 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64. Figure 66 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64. Figure 67 is the current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64. Figure 68 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64 (excluding the resonant branch) under different models. Figure 69 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64 (excluding the resonant branch) under different models. Figure 70 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64 under different models. Figure 71 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64 under different models. Figure 72 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64. Figure 73 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64. Figure 74 is the current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 64.

It should be understood that for the sake of simplicity of discussion, the inductance value of the first electronic component is L1=2nH, the inductance value of the second electronic component is L2=2.5nH, the third electronic component is a resistor, and the resistance value is 0ohm. Only the above parameters are An example is given for illustration. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to the design, and this application does not limit this.

As shown in Figure 65, when the antenna structure includes resonant branches, the antenna structure can generate three resonant frequency bands.

As shown in Figure 66, an efficiency pit appears between the second resonance and the third resonance (near 0.9GHz). However, since the frequency of the resonance band corresponding to the third resonance is close to the pit, this resonance can be used to effectively Improve efficiency in pits.

As shown in (a) in FIG. 67 , it is the current distribution diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the first resonance, which can correspond to the one-wavelength mode in the CM mode. As shown in (b) in Figure 67, it is the current distribution diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the second resonance, which can correspond to the one-wavelength mode in the CM mode. As shown in (c) in Figure 67, it is the current distribution diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the third resonance, which can correspond to the one-wavelength mode in the CM mode.

In the current distribution diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the first resonance and the resonance point of the third resonance, the current on both sides of the radiator and the current on the floor are in the same direction, which can better excite the longitudinal mode of the floor and make the entire floor As a radiator, it participates in radiation, so the radiation efficiency and bandwidth are better. In the current distribution diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the second resonance, the current on both sides of the radiator and the current on the floor are opposite, so the longitudinal current mode of the floor cannot be effectively excited, and the current and electric fields are concentrated on the radiator of the antenna structure. nearby, so the efficiency is poor, with obvious efficiency pits.

At the same time, when no resonant branches are added, the antenna structure has two resonant frequency bands. The S parameters under the human hand model (left-hand model or right-hand model) are shown in Figure 68. The current on both sides of the floor is unbalanced, and the current on the left side of the floor is significantly greater than the right side, as shown in Figure 63. Under the human hand model, the radiation absorption of the antenna structure is different, resulting in an uneven decrease in the efficiency of the antenna structure in the left and right hand models. Compared with the efficiency of free space (FS), the radiation efficiency decreases by about 2.5dB in the left-hand mode and about 4.2dB in the right-hand mode, as shown in Figure 69.

By adding resonance branches, new resonances can be introduced. The S parameters under the human hand model are shown in Figure 70. Since the current on the right side of the floor is significantly enhanced, the efficiency drop of the right-hand model is significantly improved. Compared with the efficiency of free space, the efficiency drop of the left-hand model and the right-hand model is basically the same, and the radiation efficiency drop is approximately 3.2dB, as shown in Figure 71.

Since the second resonance cannot effectively excite the floor longitudinal current mode, the current and electric fields are concentrated near the radiator of the antenna structure, resulting in poor efficiency and obvious efficiency pits. Therefore, the matching network between the first electronic component, the second electronic component and the third electronic component, as well as the feeding unit and the radiator, can be adjusted to prevent the second resonance from being excited when the electrical signal is fed. For example, the first electronic component L1=15nH, the second electronic component L2=3nH, and the third electronic component L3=0.9nH. A matching network is set between the feed unit and the radiator, including a series-connected 5nH inductor and a parallel-connected inductor. 4pF capacitance.

In this case, under the human hand holding model, the S parameters produced by the antenna structure are shown in Figure 72. Under the human hand holding model, the corresponding efficiency is shown in Figure 73. Since the second resonance is not excited, there is no pit in the efficiency curve.

As shown in (a) in Figure 74, at 0.65GHz, the current distribution diagram of the floor resonance can improve the resonance of the first resonance. Efficiency of low and medium frequency bands. As shown in (b) in Figure 74, it is the current distribution diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the first resonance at 0.8GHz. As shown in (c) in Figure 74, it is the current distribution diagram corresponding to the resonance point of the first resonance at 0.96GHz.

As shown in FIG. 75 , the antenna structure 200 may include: a radiator 210 , a floor 220 , a first electronic component 221 and a fourth electronic component 224 .

The first end of the radiator 210 is grounded, and the second end of the radiator 210 is an open end (the second end of the radiator 210 is not directly connected to other conductors). The radiator 210 includes a first current region 211 and a second current region 212 , and both the first current region 211 and the second current region 212 include zero points of the electric field generated by the antenna structure 200 . The first electronic component 221 is electrically connected between the first current area 211 and the floor 220 , and the fourth electronic component 224 is electrically connected between the second current area 212 and the floor 220 .

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 is a frame antenna, which can be disposed on a longer side of the frame.

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 75 and the antenna structure 200 described in the above embodiment is that the electrical length of the radiator 210 in the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 75 is five-quarters of the first wavelength. .

Since the electrical length of the radiator 210 of the antenna structure 200 is five-quarters of the first wavelength, the operating modes of the antenna structure 200 may include a quarter-wavelength mode, a three-quarter-wavelength mode, and a five-quarter-wavelength mode. Therefore, when the antenna structure 200 is working, two electric field zero points (large current points) can be generated on the radiator 210. Loading electronic components in this area can enhance the quarter-wavelength mode and the three-quarter-wavelength mode, making them Change to the new quarter wavelength mode. The antenna structure 200 may include three quarter-wavelength modes to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure.

It should be understood that the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 200 included in the above-mentioned current region can be understood as the current zero point included in the current and electric field distribution corresponding to the highest order mode in the antenna structure. In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 210 is five-quarters of the first wavelength. Correspondingly, the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 200 can be understood as the electric field zero point generated by the five-quarter wavelength mode. (Higher current).

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may also include a second electronic component 222 . The first electronic component 221 is electrically connected to the radiator 210 at a first position 231, and the second electronic component 222 is electrically connected to the radiator 210 at a second position. The second position is between the first position and the third position. The third position is located between the first position and the second end (open end) of the radiator, and the distance between the third position and the first position is the same as the distance from the second end of the radiator. The distance between the first electronic component 221 and the second end of the radiator 210 is smaller than the distance between the fourth electronic component 224 and the second end of the radiator 210 .

It should be understood that the second electronic component 222 can be used to reduce the radiator between two adjacent ground points (for example, the first electronic component 221 and the fourth electronic component 224) in the original three-quarter wavelength mode. The closed slot formed between the antenna and the floor generates a strong binding electric field, which reduces the heat energy loss in the medium or conductor around the closed slot and improves the efficiency of the antenna structure.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may further include a feeding unit 230. The feeding unit 230 may be electrically connected to the radiating body 210 between the electrical connection between the fourth electronic component 224 and the radiating body and the first end of the radiating body 210. connect.

Figures 76 and 77 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75. Among them, Figure 76 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75. Figure 77 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, the length of the radiator is only 80 mm. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements.

As shown in Figure 76, when the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the antenna structure can pass through the quarter-wavelength mode, the three-quarter-wavelength mode, and the five-quarter-wavelength mode. mode (the frequency of the resonance generated by the quarter-wavelength mode is too low, not shown), three resonances are generated.

When the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor (the first electronic component is an inductor (L1=1nH) and the fourth electronic component is a resistor (L4=0ohm)), between the electronic component and the radiation The electric field zero point (large current point) is generated in the area near the body electrical connection (the first current area and the second current area), and the quarter-wavelength mode and the three-quarter-wavelength mode become the new quarter-wavelength mode. mode, approaching the resonance formed by the original five-quarter wavelength mode to obtain a wider operating bandwidth.

As shown in Figure 77, the antenna structure has good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency) in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by each mode.

Figures 78 and 79 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 excluding the second electronic component. Among them, Fig. 78 is the electric field and current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 75. Figure 79 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75.

As shown in (a) in Figure 78, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The area is electrically connected to the floor, generating an electric field zero point (large current point), and the working mode changes from a quarter-wavelength mode to a new quarter-wavelength mode. The pattern corresponding to this mode is shown in (a) in Figure 79.

As shown in (b) in Figure 78, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, generating an electric field zero point (large current point). The working mode Changed from three-quarter wavelength mode to the new five-quarter wavelength mode. The pattern corresponding to this mode is shown in (b) in Figure 79.

As shown in (c) in Figure 78, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, and generates an electric field zero point with the original five-quarter wavelength mode. The (larger current) area is the same, the boundary conditions are not changed, and the original five-quarter wavelength mode is not changed. The pattern corresponding to this mode is shown in (c) in Figure 79.

It should be understood that when electronic components are electrically connected between the first current region and the second current region and the floor, since the electronic components are electrically connected to the floor in this region, the boundary conditions of this region can be changed, and an electric field zero point is generated in this region ( The current is larger). As the boundary conditions in this region change, the current distributions corresponding to the quarter-wavelength mode and the three-quarter-wavelength mode change accordingly, and the quarter-wavelength mode and the three-quarter-wavelength mode become the new quarter-wavelength mode. wavelength mode.

Figures 80 to 83 are simulation result diagrams of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 including the second electronic component. Among them, Figure 80 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 including the second electronic component. Figure 81 is a simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 including the second electronic component. Figure 82 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 under the left and right hand models. Figure 83 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 75 under the left and right hand models.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, only the first electronic component is a resistor (L1=0ohm), the second electronic component is an inductor (L2=6nH), and the fourth electronic component is an inductor (L4=1nH). ) is used as an example to illustrate. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design needs.

As shown in Figure 80, after the second electronic component is electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the S parameters of the antenna structure are approximately the same, and the resonance points of each resonance are slightly shifted.

As shown in Figure 81, the efficiency of the antenna structure is approximately the same in the resonant frequency band where the new five-quarter wavelength mode resonates. For the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the original five-quarter wavelength mode, the efficiency of the antenna structure is increased by about 1dB after electrically connecting the second electronic component between the radiator and the floor.

The S parameters under the human hand grip model (left-hand model or right-hand model) are shown in Figure 82. Since the antenna structure is set on the left side of the floor, the currents on both sides of the floor are unbalanced during radiation. The current on the left side of the floor is significantly greater than the right side. Under the human hand model, the radiation absorption of the antenna structure is different, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the antenna structure in the left and right hand models. unbalanced. Compared with the efficiency of free space, the radiation efficiency decreases by about 3.3dB in the left-hand mode and by about 6.3dB in the right-hand mode, as shown in Figure 83.

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 84 and the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 75 lies in the position of the radiator 210 on the frame of the electronic device. In the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 75, the radiator 210 is located on the long side of the frame, while in the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 84, the radiator 210 is partially located on the long side of the frame and partially located on the short side of the frame.

Figures 85 and 86 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 84 excluding the second electronic component. Among them, Fig. 85 is the electric field and current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 84. Figure 86 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 84.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, the length of the radiator is only 88 mm. When the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are used (the first electronic component is a resistor (L1=0ohm)), the fourth electronic component is the inductor (L4=1nH)), as an example, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements in actual applications.

As shown in (a) in Figure 85, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, generating an electric field zero point (large current point). The working mode Changed from quarter wavelength mode to new quarter wavelength mode. The pattern corresponding to this mode is shown in (a) in Figure 86.

As shown in (b) in Figure 85, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, generating an electric field zero point (large current point). The working mode Changed from three-quarter wavelength mode to the new five-quarter wavelength mode. The pattern corresponding to this mode is shown in (b) in Figure 86.

As shown in (c) in Figure 85, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, and generates an electric field zero point with the original five-quarter wavelength mode. The (larger current) area is the same, the boundary conditions are not changed, and the original five-quarter wavelength mode is not changed. The pattern corresponding to this mode is shown in (c) in Figure 86.

Figures 87 and 88 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 84 including the second electronic component. Among them, Figure 87 is the sky shown in Figure 84 S-parameters of line structures under left- and right-hand models. Figure 88 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 84 under the left and right hand model.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, only the first electronic component is an inductor (L1=3nH), the second electronic component is an inductor (L2=1nH), and the fourth electronic component is an inductor (L4=1.5 nH) as an example. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements.

The S parameters under the human hand grip model (left-hand model or right-hand model) are shown in Figure 87. Since the antenna structure is set in the lower right corner of the floor, compared to the case where the radiator 210 is located on the long side of the frame in the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 75, the current on both sides of the floor has improved during radiation, but is still unbalanced. The side current is significantly larger than the left side. Under the human hand model, the radiation absorption of the antenna structure is different, resulting in an uneven decrease in the efficiency of the antenna structure in the left and right hand models. Compared with the efficiency of free space, the maximum drop in radiation efficiency is about 8dB in left-hand mode and about 4dB in right-hand mode, as shown in Figure 88.

It should be understood that the technical solution of the resonant branch can also be applied to the above-mentioned antenna structure 200 (for example, the antenna structure shown in FIG. 75 and FIG. 84), for example, the resonant branch is connected to the first end (ground end) of the radiator to improve the Efficiency of the antenna structure in left- and right-hand models.

As shown in FIG. 89 , the antenna structure 200 may further include a fifth electronic component 225 . Radiator 210 may also include an electric field region. The electric field region includes the zero point of the current generated by the antenna structure 200 . The fifth electronic component 225 is electrically connected between the electric field area and the floor 220 . It should be understood that five electronic components 225 may be used to increase the efficiency of the antenna structure.

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 89 and the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 84 is that the operating frequency bands of the antenna structures are different, and the fifth electronic component 225 replaces the second electronic component 222 to improve the efficiency of the antenna structure. The working frequency band of the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 84 is a medium frequency band (for example, the working frequency band is greater than 1.7GHz and less than or equal to 3GHz), and the working frequency band of the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 88 is a low frequency band (for example, the working frequency band is less than or equal to 1.7GHz).

As shown in Figure 89, the antenna structure 200 uses part of the frame of the electronic device as the radiator 210. Since the electrical length of the radiator is five-quarters of the first wavelength, when the first resonance corresponding to the first wavelength is in the low-frequency band, Its physical length is relatively large, and the radiator 210 can be located on three adjacent sides of the frame to meet the physical length requirements of the radiator 210 .

Figures 90 and 91 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 89. Among them, Figure 90 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 89. Figure 91 is the simulation results of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 89.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, only the first electronic component is an inductor (L1=0.7nH), the fourth electronic component is an inductor (L4=3nH), and the fifth electronic component is a capacitor (L5= 1pF) is used as an example. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements.

As shown in Figure 90, when the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, in the vicinity of the electrical connection between the electronic component and the radiator (the first current area and the second current area) The electric field zero point (large current point) is generated, and the quarter-wavelength mode and the three-quarter-wavelength mode become the new quarter-wavelength mode, approaching the resonance formed by the original quarter-wavelength mode to obtain a better Wide operating bandwidth.

As shown in Figure 91, electrically connecting the fifth electronic component in the electric field region can improve the efficiency of the antenna structure in the operating frequency band (with S11<-4dB as the limit).

Figures 92 and 93 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 89. Among them, Fig. 92 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 89. Figure 93 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in Figure 89.

As shown in (a) in Figure 92, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, generating an electric field zero point (large current point). The working mode The electric field and current distribution diagram corresponding to the change from the quarter-wavelength mode to the new quarter-wavelength mode. The pattern corresponding to this mode is shown in (a) in Figure 93.

As shown in (b) in Figure 92, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, generating an electric field zero point (large current point). The working mode The electric field and current distribution diagram corresponding to the change from three-quarter wavelength mode to the new five-quarter wavelength mode. The pattern corresponding to this mode is shown in (b) in Figure 93.

As shown in (c) in Figure 92, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, and generates an electric field zero point with the original five-quarter wavelength mode. (larger current) area is the same, and the original five-quarter wavelength pattern has not changed. The pattern corresponding to this mode is shown in (c) in Figure 93.

As shown in FIG. 94 , the antenna structure 200 may include: a radiator 210 , a floor 220 , a first electronic component 221 , a fourth electronic component 224 and a sixth electronic component 226 .

The first end of the radiator 210 is grounded, and the second end of the radiator 210 is an open end (the second end of the radiator 210 is not directly connected to other conductors). The radiator 210 includes a first current area 211, a second current area 212 and a third current area 213. The first current area 211, the second current area 212 and the third current area 213 all include zero points of the electric field generated by the antenna structure 200. The two current regions 212 are disposed between the first current region 212 and the third current region 213 . The first electronic component 221 is electrically connected between the first current area 211 and the floor 220 , the fourth electronic component 224 is electrically connected between the second current area 212 and the floor 220 , and the sixth electronic component 226 is electrically connected between the third current area Between 213 and floor 220.

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 94 and the antenna structure 200 described in the above embodiment is that the electrical length of the radiator 210 in the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 94 is seven-quarters of the first wavelength. .

Since the electrical length of the radiator 210 of the antenna structure 200 is seven-quarters of the first wavelength, the working modes of the antenna structure 200 may include a quarter-wavelength mode, a three-quarters-wavelength mode, a five-quarter-wavelength mode, and Seven-quarter wavelength mode. Therefore, when the antenna structure 200 is working, three electric field zero points (large current points) can be generated on the radiator 210. Loading electronic components in this area can improve the quarter-wavelength mode, three-quarter wavelength mode and quarter-wavelength mode. 5/5 wavelength mode, changing it to the new 7/4 wavelength mode. The antenna structure 200 may include four seven-quarter wavelength modes to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure.

It should be understood that the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 200 included in the above-mentioned current region can be understood as the current zero point included in the current and electric field distribution corresponding to the highest order mode in the antenna structure. In one embodiment, the electrical length of the radiator 210 is seven-quarters of the first wavelength. Correspondingly, the electric field zero point (large current point) generated by the antenna structure 200 can be understood as the electric field zero point generated by the seven-quarters wavelength mode. (Higher current).

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may also include a second electronic component 222 . The first electronic component 221 is electrically connected to the radiator 210 at a first position 231, and the second electronic component 222 is electrically connected to the radiator 210 at a second position. The second position is between the first position and the third position. The third position is located between the first position and the second end (open end) of the radiator, and the distance between the third position and the first position is the same as the distance from the second end of the radiator. The distance between the first electronic component 221 and the second end of the radiator 210 is smaller than the distance between the fourth electronic component 224 or the sixth electronic component 226 and the second end of the radiator 210 .

It should be understood that the second electronic component 222 can be used to reduce the distance between the radiator and the adjacent two ground points (for example, the first electronic component 221 and the fourth electronic component 224) in the original seven-quarter wavelength mode. The closed slot formed between the floors generates a strong binding electric field, which reduces the heat energy loss in the medium or conductor around the closed slot and improves the efficiency of the antenna structure.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may further include a feeding unit 230. The feeding unit 230 may be electrically connected to the radiating body 210 between the electrical connection between the sixth electronic component 226 and the radiating body and the first end of the radiating body 210. connect.

Figures 95 and 96 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94. Among them, Figure 95 is the S parameter of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94. Figure 96 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, the length of the radiator is only 112 mm. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements.

As shown in Figure 95, when the first electronic component 221, the fourth electronic component 224 and the sixth electronic component 226 are not electrically connected between the radiator and the floor, the antenna structure can pass the quarter-wavelength mode, the three-quarter wavelength mode, and the three-quarter wavelength mode. The wavelength modes, the five-quarter wavelength mode and the seven-quarter wavelength mode (the frequency of the resonance generated by the quarter-wavelength mode is too low and not shown), generate four resonances.

When the first electronic component 221, the fourth electronic component 224 and the sixth electronic component 226 are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor (the first electronic component is a resistor (L1=0ohm), and the fourth electronic component is an inductor (L4=1nH) ), the sixth electronic component is the inductor (L6 = 2nH)), which generates an electric field zero point (large current point) in the area near the electrical connection between the electronic component and the radiator, increasing the quarter-wavelength mode and three-quarter wavelength mode and the five-quarter wavelength mode become a new seven-quarter wavelength mode, approaching the resonance formed by the original seven-quarter wavelength mode to obtain a wider operating bandwidth.

As shown in Figure 96, in the frequency band corresponding to the resonance generated by each mode, the antenna structure has good efficiency (system efficiency and radiation efficiency).

Figures 97 and 98 are electric field and current distribution diagrams of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94. Among them, FIG. 97 is an electric field and current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 94 without the second electronic component. FIG. 98 is an electric field and current distribution diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 94 including the second electronic component.

As shown in (a) in Figure 97, the first electronic component, the fourth electronic component and the sixth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic components are electrically connected to the floor in the current area, generating an electric field zero point (large current). point), the working mode changes from the quarter-wavelength mode to the new seven-quarters wavelength mode. When the antenna structure includes a second electronic component, the electric field and current distribution corresponding to this mode are shown in (a) in Figure 98, and the electric field distribution is approximately the same.

As shown in (b) in Figure 97, the first electronic component, the fourth electronic component and the sixth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, generating an electric field zero point (large current). point), the working mode changes from the three-quarter wavelength mode to the new seven-quarter wavelength mode, and the electric field and electric field and current distribution diagram corresponding to the new seven-quarter wavelength mode.

As shown in (c) in Figure 97, the first electronic component, the fourth electronic component and the sixth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, generating an electric field zero point (large current). point), the working mode changes from the five-quarter wavelength mode to the new seven-quarter wavelength mode and the electric field and electric field and current distribution diagram corresponding to the new seven-quarter wavelength mode.

As shown in (d) in Figure 97, the first electronic component, the fourth electronic component and the sixth electronic component are electrically connected between the radiator and the floor. The electronic component is electrically connected to the floor in the current area, which is the same as the original quarter. The seven-wavelength mode generates the same electric field zero point (large current point) area, without changing the boundary conditions, and the original seven-quarter wavelength mode has not changed. When the antenna structure includes a second electronic component, the electric field and current distribution corresponding to this mode are shown in (d) in Figure 98. Due to the addition of the second electronic component, two adjacent ground points (for example, the first electronic component and the fourth electronic component), a strong binding electric field is reduced in the closed groove formed between the radiator and the floor.

It should be understood that when electronic components are electrically connected between the first current area, the second current area, and the third current area and the floor, since the electronic components are electrically connected to the floor in this area, the boundary conditions of this area can be changed, and the boundary conditions of this area can be changed. The electric field zero point (large current point) is generated in the area. As the boundary conditions in this region change, the electric fields and current distributions corresponding to the quarter-wavelength mode, three-quarter-wavelength mode, and five-quarter-wavelength mode change accordingly. mode and the five-quarter wavelength mode change to the new seven-quarter wavelength mode.

Figures 99 and 100 are simulation results of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94 including the second electronic component. Among them, Figure 99 is the S parameters of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94 under the left and right hand models. Figure 100 is the simulation result of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 94 under the left and right hand model.

It should be understood that, for simplicity of discussion, in this embodiment, only the first electronic component is an inductor (L1=0.3nH), the second electronic component is an inductor (L2=6nH), and the fourth electronic component is an inductor (L4= 1.2nH), the sixth electronic component is an inductor (L6=2nH) as an example for illustration. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements.

The S parameters under the human hand grip model (left-hand model or right-hand model) are shown in Figure 99. Since the antenna structure is set on the left side of the floor, the currents on both sides of the floor are unbalanced during radiation. The current on the left side of the floor is significantly greater than the right side. Under the human hand model, the radiation absorption of the antenna structure is different, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the antenna structure in the left and right hand models. unbalanced. Compared with the efficiency of free space, the radiation efficiency decreases by about 4.5dB in the left-hand mode and by about 6.5dB in the right-hand mode, as shown in Figure 83.

It should be understood that the technical solution of resonant branches can also be applied to the antenna structure 200 shown in Figure 94. For example, the resonant branches are connected to the first end (ground end) of the radiator to improve the efficiency of the antenna structure under the left- and right-hand model.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be described again here.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented. On the other hand, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application. should be covered by the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

An antenna structure is characterized by including:

a floor through which the antenna structure is grounded;

a radiator, the first end and the second end of the radiator being grounded;

a first electronic component and a second electronic component;

Wherein, the central area of the radiator includes a gap, or the antenna structure further includes a grounding element, the grounding element is electrically connected between the central area and the floor;

The radiator includes a first current region and a second current region, the central region is located between the first current region and the second current region, the first current region includes an electric field generated by the antenna structure Zero point, the second current region includes the zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure;

The first electronic component is electrically connected between the first current area and the floor;

The second electronic component is electrically connected between the second current area and the floor.
The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the first end and the second end is equal to the length of the radiator.
The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that:

The antenna structure is applied to electronic equipment;

The electronic device also includes a conductive frame, the frame has a first position and a second position, the frame is continuous with the rest of the frame at the first position and the second position, the first position The frame between the second position and the second position serves as the radiator.
The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that:

The distance between the first end and the second end is less than the length of the radiator.
The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that,

The antenna structure includes a first filter and a second filter;

The first filter is electrically connected between the first electronic component and the first current region;

The second filter is electrically connected between the second electronic component and the second current region;

The first filter and the second filter are in a conductive state in the first frequency band and in a disconnected state in the second frequency band, and the frequency of the first frequency band is higher than the frequency of the second frequency band.
The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that:

The portion of the radiator from the first end to the second end is used to generate first resonance, second resonance, third resonance, fourth resonance, fifth resonance and sixth resonance;

The first frequency band includes the resonant frequency band of the first resonance, the resonant frequency band of the second resonance, the resonant frequency band of the third resonance and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance;

The second frequency band includes a resonant frequency band of the fifth resonance and a resonant frequency band of the sixth resonance.
The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the central area of the radiator includes a gap, the electrical length of the radiator is three-half of the first wavelength, and the third One wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the antenna structure.
The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ground element is electrically connected between the central area and the floor, and the electrical length of the radiator is the first wavelength. twice, the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the antenna structure.
An electronic device, characterized by comprising the antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
An antenna structure is characterized by including:

a floor through which the antenna structure is grounded;

A radiator, the first end of the radiator is grounded, and the second end of the radiator is an open end;

First electronic component;

Wherein, the radiator includes a first current region, and the first current region includes a zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure;

The first electronic component is electrically connected between the first current area and the floor.
The antenna structure according to claim 10, characterized in that:

The antenna structure also includes a second electronic component;

The first electronic component is electrically connected to the radiator at a first position, and the second electronic component is electrically connected to the radiator at a second position, the second position is located between the first position and a third position, and the third position is at the same distance from the first position and the second end.
The antenna structure according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that:

The antenna structure further includes a feeding unit;

The radiator includes an electric field region that includes a zero point of the current generated by the antenna structure;

The electric field region includes a feed point, and the feed unit and the radiator are electrically connected at the feed point.
The antenna structure according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that:

The antenna structure also includes a feeding unit;

The first current region includes a feed point, and the feed unit and the radiator are electrically connected at the feed point.
The antenna structure according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that,

The antenna structure also includes resonant branches;

The third end of the resonant branch is connected to the first end, and the fourth end of the resonant branch is an open end.
The antenna structure according to claim 14, characterized in that:

The length L1 of the resonant branch and the length L2 of the radiator satisfy: 0.2×L2≤L1≤0.3×L2.
The antenna structure according to claim 14, characterized in that:

The antenna structure also includes a third electronic component,

The third electronic component is electrically connected between the first end and the floor.
The antenna structure according to any one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that,

The antenna structure includes a filter;

The first filter is electrically connected between the first electronic component and the first current region;

The first filter is in a conductive state in the first frequency band and is in a disconnected state in the second frequency band. The frequency of the first frequency band is higher than the frequency of the second frequency band.
The antenna structure according to claim 17, characterized in that:

The portion of the radiator from the first end to the second end is used to generate first resonance, second resonance and third resonance;

The first frequency band includes a resonant frequency band of the first resonance and a resonant frequency band of the second resonance;

The second frequency band includes a resonance frequency band of the third resonance.
The antenna structure according to any one of claims 10 to 18, characterized in that,

The antenna structure also includes a fourth electronic component;

Wherein, the radiator includes a second current region, and the second current region includes a zero point of the electric field generated by the antenna structure;

The fourth electronic component is electrically connected between the second current area and the floor.
An electronic device, characterized by comprising the antenna structure according to any one of claims 10 to 19.