WO2024055581A1 - 基于pt对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统及其检测方法 - Google Patents

基于pt对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统及其检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2024055581A1
WO2024055581A1 PCT/CN2023/088236 CN2023088236W WO2024055581A1 WO 2024055581 A1 WO2024055581 A1 WO 2024055581A1 CN 2023088236 W CN2023088236 W CN 2023088236W WO 2024055581 A1 WO2024055581 A1 WO 2024055581A1
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resonant circuit
resistor
transmission
frequency
negative
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PCT/CN2023/088236
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French (fr)
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周怿
董蕾
黄庆安
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东南大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/0175—Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements
    • H03K19/017509—Interface arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of two-port transmission systems, and in particular relates to a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on the PT symmetry principle and a detection method thereof.
  • Two-port transmission circuits are divided into two types: reciprocal transmission circuits and non-reciprocal transmission circuits.
  • the definition of a reciprocal transmission circuit is that the signal transmission between the two ports is the same, so the reciprocal transmission circuit has no directionality and is usually constructed using fully passive components. Contrary to reciprocal transmission circuits, the definition of non-reciprocal transmission circuits is that the transmission of signals between two ports is different. Changing the port of the input signal can see different output signal amplitudes at the other port, with directionality, usually Build using magnetic components or non-linear active components.
  • Non-reciprocal transmission circuits can be used to construct non-reciprocal transmission of acoustic signals and non-reciprocal transmission of electrical signals, and are often used to construct circulators and isolators.
  • the current non-reciprocal transmission system can only realize the non-reciprocal transmission of a single frequency signal. If the signal frequency changes, a new non-reciprocal transmission system needs to be created. This greatly increases the cost and inconvenience in the application and is not suitable for Frequency variable application environment. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a non-reciprocal transmission system with adjustable frequency.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on the PT symmetry principle and a detection method thereof.
  • the coupling module of the PT symmetric system is constructed with adjustable capacitance, thereby realizing the transmission signal frequency of the PT symmetric system in the broken area. Adjustment uses the nonlinearity of the transimpedance amplifier to realize non-reciprocal transmission of signals between two ports to solve the problem that the current non-reciprocal transmission system can only realize non-reciprocal transmission of a single frequency signal. If the signal frequency changes, it needs Create a non-reciprocal transmission system from scratch, which greatly increases the cost and inconvenience in applications, and is not suitable for technical problems in frequency-variable application environments.
  • a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on the PT symmetry principle which consists of three parts: a loss resonant circuit, a gain resonant circuit and an adjustable coupling module.
  • the gain resonant circuit is composed of a second inductor, a positive resistor and a negative resistor in parallel.
  • the negative resistance is composed of a transimpedance amplifier; when the transimpedance amplifier works in the linear region, the negative resistance is a fixed-value negative resistance that does not change with the input voltage; when the transimpedance amplifier works in the negative saturation region, the negative resistance value is the input voltage.
  • the loss resonant circuit and the gain resonant circuit are coupled together through an adjustable coupling module, by changing the adjustable coupling module
  • the coupling capacitance is used to change the coupling coefficient between the loss resonant circuit and the gain resonant circuit, thereby changing the transmission frequency of the system.
  • the loss resonant circuit is composed of a first inductor, a first capacitor and a positive resistor connected in parallel.
  • the transimpedance amplifier includes a first resistor, an operational amplifier, a second resistor, and a third resistor; the first resistor is connected between the positive input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second negative resistor is connected between the reverse input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier. Between the input terminal and the output terminal, one end of the third resistor is connected to ground and the other end is connected to the second resistor.
  • the adjustable coupling module is composed of an adjustable capacitor.
  • first inductance and positive resistance in the loss resonant circuit are respectively equal to the second inductance and negative resistance in the gain resonant circuit.
  • the resistance value of the positive resistor in the loss resonant circuit is equal to the absolute value of the resistance value of the negative resistor in the gain resonant circuit when it operates in the linear region.
  • a detection method for a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on the PT symmetry principle including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Adjust the resistance value of the transimpedance amplifier so that the absolute value of the equivalent negative resistance in the linear region of the transimpedance amplifier is equal to the absolute value of the positive resistance of the loss resonant circuit, so that the system is in a PT symmetrical state;
  • Step 2 adjust the capacitance value of the adjustable coupling module so that its value is within
  • C L is the capacitance of the loss resonant circuit
  • R L is the positive resistance of the loss resonant circuit
  • L L is the inductance of the loss resonant circuit
  • Step 3 adjust the amplitude of the input signal, and define the signal transmission from the loss resonant circuit to the gain resonant circuit as forward transmission.
  • the negative resistor works in the linear region, and define the signal transmission from the gain resonant circuit to the loss resonant circuit as reverse transmission.
  • the negative resistance works in the negative saturation zone. Since the equivalent negative resistance of the transimpedance amplifier is different during forward transmission and reverse transmission, the system forms non-reciprocal transmission;
  • Step 4 adjust the adjustable capacitance value of the adjustable coupling module so that it changes between them, changes the system signal transmission frequency, forming a non-reciprocal transmission system with tunable transmission frequency.
  • the invention changes the coupling coefficient between the loss module and the gain module by changing the adjustable capacitive coupling module, thereby changing the transmission frequency of the system. Adjust the transmission signal amplitude and utilize the saturation property of the negative resistance in the gain resonance module to achieve positive The difference between the transmission coefficient and the reverse transmission coefficient enables non-reciprocal transmission.
  • This system has the advantages of high non-reciprocity ratio, low insertion loss and adjustable frequency.
  • Figure 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on the PT symmetry principle of the present invention
  • Marking instructions in the figure 1. Loss resonant circuit; 2. Gain resonant circuit; 3. Adjustable coupling module; 11. First capacitor; 12. Positive resistance; 13. First inductor; 21. Second capacitor; 22. Negative Resistor; 23, second inductor; 221, first resistor; 222, operational amplifier; 223, second resistor; 224, third resistor.
  • the PT symmetry system can be divided into three working areas: PT symmetry area, PT symmetry critical point and PT symmetry breaking area.
  • the coupling coefficient is greater than the critical coupling coefficient, the system is in the PT symmetry zone.
  • the system resonant frequency in the PT symmetry zone is two unequal real numbers.
  • the signal amplitude of the loss resonant circuit is the same as the signal amplitude of the gain resonant circuit, and can be applied to the signal Constant amplitude transmission; when the coupling coefficient is equal to the critical coupling coefficient, the system is at the PT symmetry critical point, and the system resonance frequencies at the PT symmetry critical point will merge into a real frequency.
  • the real frequency When there is a perturbation in the system, the real frequency will split, and the split The frequency difference is very sensitive to perturbations and is often used in the design of high-sensitivity sensors.
  • the coupling coefficient is less than the critical coupling coefficient, the system is in the PT symmetry breaking area.
  • the system resonant frequency in the PT symmetry breaking area is two opposite real parts with the same real part.
  • the complex number of the imaginary part, the signal amplitude of the loss resonant circuit decreases exponentially with time, and the signal amplitude of the gain resonant circuit increases exponentially with time.
  • Due to the nonlinearity of the negative resistance device the signal amplitude of the gain resonant circuit enters the transimpedance amplifier.
  • the negative saturation region will be nonlinearly amplified, resulting in unequal transmission coefficients in the two transmission directions, and can be applied to construct a non-reciprocal transmission system.
  • a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on the PT symmetry principle consists of three parts: a loss resonant circuit 1, a gain resonant circuit 2 and an adjustable coupling module 3.
  • the gain resonant circuit 2 consists of a second inductor. 23.
  • the positive resistor 12 and the negative resistor 22 are connected in parallel, and the negative resistor 22 is composed of a transimpedance amplifier; when the transimpedance amplifier works in the linear region, the negative resistor 22 has a fixed value negative resistance that does not change with the input voltage; when the transimpedance amplifier operates When working in the negative saturation zone, the resistance of the negative resistor 22 is a negative resistance controlled by the input voltage; the loss resonant circuit 1 and the gain resonant circuit 2 are coupled together through the adjustable coupling module 3, and by changing the coupling capacitance of the adjustable coupling module 3 To change the coupling coefficient between the loss resonant circuit 1 and the gain resonant circuit 2, thereby changing the transmission frequency of the system.
  • the loss resonant circuit 1 is composed of a first inductor 13 , a first capacitor 11 and a positive resistor 12 connected in parallel.
  • the transimpedance amplifier includes a first resistor 221, an operational amplifier 222, a second resistor 223, and a third resistor 224; the first resistor 221 is connected between the positive input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier 222, and the second negative resistor 223 is connected between the operational amplifier 222 and the output terminal. Between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the amplifier 222, one end of the third resistor 224 is connected to ground and the other end is connected to the second resistor 223.
  • the adjustable coupling module 3 is composed of an adjustable capacitor.
  • the first inductor 13 and the positive resistor 12 in the loss resonant circuit 1 are respectively equal to the second inductor 23 and the negative resistor 22 in the gain resonant circuit 2 .
  • the resistance value of the positive resistor 11 in the loss resonant circuit 1 is equal to the absolute value of the resistance value of the negative resistor 21 in the gain resonant circuit when operating in the linear region.
  • R 1 is the first resistor 221
  • R 2 is the second resistor 223
  • R 3 is the third resistor 224 .
  • the symbol of the loss factor is defined as ⁇ , and the loss factor satisfies the formula Where CL is the loss resonant circuit capacitance 11, R L is the loss resonant circuit positive resistance 12, and LL is the loss resonant circuit inductance 13.
  • the operational amplifier 222, the first resistor 221, the second resistor 223, and the third resistor 224 form a transimpedance amplifier.
  • the initial state adjusts its linear region resistance to satisfy the formula When the signal amplitude increases, the transimpedance amplifier will enter the saturation region;
  • the transimpedance amplifier module is in the negative saturation zone for reverse transmission and the forward transmission is in the linear zone, and then the forward transmission coefficient and reverse transmission are measured under the condition that the signal amplitude is fixed and the signal frequency is changed. coefficient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统及其检测方法，该电路系统包括：电感-电容-正电阻并联谐振的损耗谐振模块，可调耦合模块,以及电感-电容-负电阻并联的增益谐振模块；其中损耗谐振模块与增益谐振模块通过可调电容耦合模块连接构成PT对称系统；信号从损耗谐振模块往增益谐振模块传输为正向传输，反之为反向传输。通过改变可调电容耦合模块改变损耗模块与增益模块之间的耦合系数，从而改变系统的传输频率。调节传输信号幅值，利用增益谐振模块中负电阻的饱和性质实现正向传输系数与反向传输系数的差异，实现非互易传输。该系统具有高非互易比，低插入损耗等优点。

Description

基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统及其检测方法 技术领域
本发明属于二端口传输系统领域，尤其涉及一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统及其检测方法。
背景技术
二端口传输电路分为互易传输电路和非互易传输电路两种。互易传输电路的定义是信号在两个端口间的传输是相同的，因此互易传输电路不具有方向性，通常使用全无源原件构建。与互易传输电路相反，非互易传输电路的定义是信号在两个端口间的传输是不同的，改变输入信号的端口可以在另一个端口看到不同的输出信号幅度，具有方向性，通常使用磁性原件或者非线性有源原件搭建。利用非互易传输电路可以构造声波信号的非互易传输以及电学信号的非互易传输，常用于构造环形器和隔离器。当前的非互易传输系统只能实现单一频率信号的非互易传输，如果信号频率发生改变，需要从新制作一个非互易传输系统，这在以及应用中大大增加了成本以及不便，不适用于频率可变的应用环境。因此发明一种频率可调的非互易传输系统是很有必要的。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统及其检测方法,使用电容可调构造PT对称系统的耦合模块，实现了PT对称系统在破缺区的传输信号频率调节，利用跨阻放大器的非线性，实现信号在二端口间的非互易传输，以解决当前的非互易传输系统只能实现单一频率信号的非互易传输，如果信号频率发生改变，需要从新制作一个非互易传输系统，这在以及应用中大大增加了成本以及不便，不适用于频率可变的应用环境的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的具体技术方案如下：
一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统，其由损耗谐振电路、增益谐振电路以及可调耦合模块三部分组成，增益谐振电路由第二电感、正电阻和负电阻并联组成，其中负电阻由跨阻放大器构成；当跨阻放大器工作在线性区时，负电阻呈不随输入电压变化的定值负电阻；当跨阻放大器工作在负饱和区时，负电阻阻值为受输入电压控制的负电阻；损耗谐振电路和增益谐振电路通过可调耦合模块耦合在一起，通过改变可调耦合模块 的耦合电容来改变损耗谐振电路与增益谐振电路之间的耦合系数，从而改变系统的传输频率。
进一步的，损耗谐振电路由第一电感、第一电容和正电阻并联组成。
进一步的，跨阻放大器包括第一电阻、运算放大器、第二电阻、第三电阻；第一电阻连接在运算放大器同向输入端和输出端之间，第二负电阻连接在运算放大器的反向输入端和输出端之间，第三电阻一端接地一端接第二电阻。
进一步的，可调耦合模块由可调电容构成。
进一步的，损耗谐振电路中的第一电感、正电阻分别与增益谐振电路中的第二电感、负电阻相等。
进一步的，损耗谐振电路中的正电阻的阻值与增益谐振电路中负电阻工作在线性区时的电阻值的绝对值相等。
一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统的检测方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，调节跨阻放大器电阻值，使跨阻放大器线性区等效负阻值的绝对值等于损耗谐振电路的正电阻的绝对值，使系统处于PT对称状态；
步骤2，调节可调耦合模块的电容值，使其值在
之间，此时系统处于PT对称破缺区；其中CL是损耗谐振电路电容，RL是损耗谐振电路正电阻，LL是损耗谐振电路电感；
步骤3，调节输入信号的幅值，定义信号从损耗谐振电路往增益谐振电路传输是正向传输，此时负电阻工作在线性区，定义信号从增益谐振电路往损耗谐振电路传输为反向传输，此时负电阻工作在负饱和区，由于正向传输和反向传输时跨阻放大器的等效负电阻不同，系统形成非互易传输；
步骤4，调节可调耦合模块的可调电容值，使其在之间变化，改变系统信号传输频率，形成传输频率可调谐的非互易传输系统。
本发明的基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统及其检测方法，具有以下优点：
本发明通过改变可调电容耦合模块改变损耗模块与增益模块之间的耦合系数，从而改变系统的传输频率。调节传输信号幅值，利用增益谐振模块中负电阻的饱和性质实现正向 传输系数与反向传输系数的差异，实现非互易传输。该系统具有高非互易比，低插入损耗以及频率可调的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统的等效电路图；
图中标记说明：1、损耗谐振电路；2、增益谐振电路；3、可调耦合模块；11、第一电容；12、正电阻；13、第一电感；21、第二电容；22、负电阻；23、第二电感；221、第一电阻；222、运算放大器；223、第二电阻；224、第三电阻。
具体实施方式
为了更好地了解本发明的目的、结构及功能，下面结合附图，对本发明一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统及其检测方法做进一步详细的描述。
PT对称系统按照耦合系数和损耗因子关系可以分为PT对称区，PT对称临界点以及PT对称破缺区三个工作区。耦合系数大于临界耦合系数时，系统处于PT对称区，PT对称区的系统谐振频率是两个不等的实数，损耗谐振电路的信号幅值和增益谐振电路的信号幅值相同，可以应用于信号的等幅传输；耦合系数等于临界耦合系数时，系统处于PT对称临界点，PT对称临界点的系统谐振频率会合并为一个实数频率，当系统存在微扰时，实数频率会发生分裂，分裂的频率差值对于微扰十分敏感，常应用于高灵敏度传感器设计；耦合系数小于临界耦合系数时，系统处于PT对称破缺区，PT对称破缺区的系统谐振频率是两个具有相同实部相反虚部的复数，损耗谐振电路的信号幅值随时间指数减小，增益谐振电路的信号幅值随时间指数增加，由于负电阻器件的非线性，增益谐振电路的信号幅值在跨阻放大器进入负饱和区后会被非线性放大，导致两个传输方向打的传输系数不相等，可以被应用于构造非互易传输系统。
如图1所示，一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统，由损耗谐振电路1、增益谐振电路2以及可调耦合模块3三部分组成，增益谐振电路2由第二电感23、正电阻12和负电阻22并联组成，其中负电阻22由跨阻放大器构成；当跨阻放大器工作在线性区时，负电阻22呈不随输入电压变化的定值负电阻；当跨阻放大器工作在负饱和区时，负电阻22阻值为受输入电压控制的负电阻；损耗谐振电路1和增益谐振电路2通过可调耦合模块3耦合在一起，通过改变可调耦合模块3的耦合电容来改变损耗谐振电路1与增益谐振电路2之间的耦合系数，从而改变系统的传输频率。
损耗谐振电路1由第一电感13、第一电容11和正电阻12并联组成。
跨阻放大器包括第一电阻221、运算放大器222、第二电阻223、第三电阻224；第一电阻221连接在运算放大器222同向输入端和输出端之间，第二负电阻223连接在运算放大器222的反向输入端和输出端之间，第三电阻224一端接地一端接第二电阻223。
可调耦合模块3由可调电容构成。
损耗谐振电路1中的第一电感13、正电阻12分别与增益谐振电路2中的第二电感23、负电阻22相等。
损耗谐振电路1中的正电阻11的阻值与增益谐振电路中负电阻21工作在线性区时的电阻值的绝对值相等。
调节第一电阻221、第二电阻223、第三电阻224使其满足公式
其中R1是第一电阻221、R2是第二电阻223、R3是第三电阻224。
定义损耗因子的符号为γ，损耗因子满足公式其中CL是损耗谐振电路电容11，RL是损耗谐振电路正电阻12，LL是损耗谐振电路电感13。
定义电容耦合系数符号为c，电容耦合系数满足公式设定电容可调耦合模块的电容变化范围满足公式保证系统工作在PT对称破缺区。调节可调耦合模块(3)电容值然后在跨阻放大器(22)在负饱和区的条件下测量正向传输系数和反向传输系数，可以实现频率可调的非互易传输系统。
其具体工作过程为：
如图1，运算放大器222和第一电阻221、第二电阻223、第三电阻224构成跨阻放大器，初始状态调节其线性区电阻满足公式当信号幅值增加，跨阻放大器会进入饱和区；
设置可调耦合模块电容值的取值范围满足
给定合适的输入信号幅值使跨阻放大器模块处于反向传输处于负饱和区，正向传输处于线性区，然后在固定信号幅值改变信号频率的条件下测量正向传输系数和反向传输系数。
在范围内调节可调耦合模块电容值并重复上述步骤，可以得到频率可调的非互易传输测量结果。
可以理解，本发明是通过一些实施例进行描述的，本领域技术人员知悉的，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。另外，在本发明的教导下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制，所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明所保护的范围内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统，其特征在于，由损耗谐振电路(1)、增益谐振电路(2)以及可调耦合模块(3)三部分组成，增益谐振电路(2)由第二电感(23)、正电阻(12)和负电阻(22)并联组成，其中负电阻(22)由跨阻放大器构成；当跨阻放大器工作在线性区时，负电阻(22)呈不随输入电压变化的定值负电阻；当跨阻放大器工作在负饱和区时，负电阻(22)阻值为受输入电压控制的负电阻；损耗谐振电路(1)和增益谐振电路(2)通过可调耦合模块(3)耦合在一起，通过改变可调耦合模块(3)的耦合电容来改变损耗谐振电路(1)与增益谐振电路(2)之间的耦合系数，从而改变系统的传输频率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统，其特征在于，所述损耗谐振电路(1)由第一电感(13)、第一电容(11)和正电阻(12)并联组成。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统，其特征在于，所述跨阻放大器包括第一电阻(221)、运算放大器(222)、第二电阻(223)、第三电阻(224)；第一电阻(221)连接在运算放大器(222)同向输入端和输出端之间，第二负电阻(223)连接在运算放大器(222)的反向输入端和输出端之间，第三电阻(224)一端接地一端接第二电阻(223)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统，其特征在于，所述可调耦合模块(3)由可调电容构成。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统，其特征在于，所述损耗谐振电路(1)中的第一电感(13)、正电阻(12)分别与增益谐振电路(2)中的第二电感(23)、负电阻(22)相等。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统，其特征在于，所述损耗谐振电路(1)中的正电阻(11)的阻值与增益谐振电路中负电阻(21)工作在线性区时的电阻值的绝对值相等。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种基于PT对称原理的频率可调非互易传输系统的检测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，调节跨阻放大器电阻值，使跨阻放大器线性区等效负阻值的绝对值等于损耗谐振电路(1)的正电阻(12)的绝对值，使系统处于PT对称状态；
    步骤2，调节可调耦合模块(3)的电容值，使其值在
    之间，此时系统处于PT对称破缺区；其中CL是损耗谐振电路电容(11)，RL是损耗谐振电路正电阻(12)，LL是损耗谐振电路电感(13)；
    步骤3，调节输入信号的幅值，定义信号从损耗谐振电路(1)往增益谐振电路(2)传输是正向传输，此时负电阻(22)工作在线性区，定义信号从增益谐振电路(2)往损耗谐振电路(1)传输为反向传输，此时负电阻(22)工作在负饱和区，由于正向传输和反向传输时跨阻放大器的等效负电阻不同，系统形成非互易传输；
    步骤4，调节可调耦合模块(3)的可调电容值，使其在之间变化，改变系统信号传输频率，形成传输频率可调谐的非互易传输系统。
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