WO2024053693A1 - 自動測定振子型油性摩擦試験機、及び当該試験機に改造するためのキット - Google Patents

自動測定振子型油性摩擦試験機、及び当該試験機に改造するためのキット Download PDF

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WO2024053693A1
WO2024053693A1 PCT/JP2023/032591 JP2023032591W WO2024053693A1 WO 2024053693 A1 WO2024053693 A1 WO 2024053693A1 JP 2023032591 W JP2023032591 W JP 2023032591W WO 2024053693 A1 WO2024053693 A1 WO 2024053693A1
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pendulum
weight
gyro sensor
attached
oil
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PCT/JP2023/032591
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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徹 井開
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徹 井開
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Priority to JP2024545703A priority Critical patent/JPWO2024053693A1/ja
Publication of WO2024053693A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024053693A1/ja

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/30—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids for lubricating properties

Definitions

  • the present invention provides an automatic measuring pendulum-type oil-based friction tester that automatically measures the angular velocity or swing angle of damped vibration of a pendulum and calculates the friction coefficient using a formula when measuring the friction coefficient of lubricating oil, and an existing pendulum-type oil friction tester.
  • This article relates to a kit for modifying an oil-based friction tester from visual measurement to automatic measurement.
  • the coefficient of friction (coefficient of boundary friction) has been measured for a long time as a quantitative indicator of the so-called oiliness.
  • the magnitude of boundary friction varies not only depending on the type of lubricant but also on the test method and measurement conditions. Therefore, the coefficient of friction is measured using a specific device under specific conditions.
  • the pendulum type is the most typical method for measuring the coefficient of friction, and in Japan, the pendulum type oil-based friction tester devised by Professor Soda is widely used.
  • This pendulum-type oil-based friction tester is classified into type I and type II depending on the shape of the friction surface, but in this specification, the widely used type II is mainly targeted.
  • the feature of the pendulum-type oil-based friction test is that it determines the kinetic friction coefficient under extremely low-speed sliding conditions, and its principle is to use the fulcrum of the pendulum as the friction surface. Since the damping of pendulum vibration is due to the friction moment of the friction surface, the friction surface is immersed in the lubricating oil to be tested, the degree of damping is measured, and the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil is calculated.
  • the structure of the pendulum-type oil-based friction tester 1 is as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the pendulum 10 has a substantially T-shape, and weights 11L and 11R are attached to both ends of left and right horizontal parts 10L and 10R, and a weight 11U is attached to a vertical part 10U, and the lower end of the vertical part forms a pendulum pointer 12. .
  • this pendulum pointer 12 the decrease in the swing angle of the pendulum 10 is visually measured from the scale plate 13.
  • the fulcrum of the pendulum and the friction surface are schematically shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b).
  • the fulcrum of the pendulum 10 is a support shaft (steel roller pin) 14, which is supported by a total of four steel balls (bearing steel balls) 15 on the left, right, front, and lower sides. Therefore, the friction surface is constituted by a total of four point contacts between the support shaft 14 and the steel ball 15.
  • the structure of these friction surfaces is contained in the oil tank 16.
  • a total of four steel balls 15 are set in an oil tank 16, two on the front and two on the rear, and lubricating oil is injected, and a roller pin 14 is set on the fulcrum at the center of the pendulum 10 and placed on the steel balls 15. Measurement is started by swinging the pendulum 10 naturally from a certain angle (initial swing angle) to the left, and the maximum swing angle of the pendulum swinging to the left is visually read from the pendulum pointer 12 and scale plate 13. The coefficient of friction is calculated from the swing angle of the pendulum and the number of swings until damping.
  • Patent Document 1 a reflection scale (1 scale: 0.01 radian) 3 is attached to the back surface of the central annular frame 2 of a pendulum 1, and a photoelectric light emitter/receiver 4 is installed at a position opposite to the reflection scale 3.
  • An automatic measuring device for a pendulum type oil tester is disclosed, which is arranged and fixed to the main body 5 of the tester.
  • the principle of the pendulum-type oil-based friction tester is that the pendulum movement is performed only in the vertical plane, that is, in Fig. 1, the pendulum 10 vibrates only in the XY plane, and only around the Z axis. It is assumed that there is. However, the pendulum's supporting shaft is placed on a bearing, the pendulum can be attached and removed upward, and the pendulum's fulcrum is not fixedly connected. Therefore, in actual measurements, the pendulum 10 swings around the X-axis and Y-axis in FIG. 1, and the inventor's experiments have demonstrated that the pendulum 10 swings in its plane of motion. ing.
  • the automatic measuring device of the pendulum type oil tester described in Patent Document 1 has been put into practical use and is being manufactured and sold, and can automatically read the swing angle of the pendulum with high precision, and the measurement data can be saved on an SD card, etc. It is also possible to process the data using a general-purpose PC.
  • the reflection scale 3 is attached to the central annular frame 2 of the pendulum 1, and the photoelectric emitter/receiver 4 is installed on the column 16 opposite to the reflection scale 3, the When swinging around the Y-axis occurs and the plane of motion of the pendulum 1 oscillates, the distance between the oscillating reflection scale 3 and the fixed photoelectric emitter/receiver 4 changes, which affects the measurement of the swing angle. This will cause an error. This is considered to be a major cause of the measurement error observed even in the measurement of the friction coefficient using this automatic measurement device.
  • a precise reflective scale 3 is attached to the central annular frame 2 of the pendulum 1 into which the oil tank 15 is inserted, and a highly sensitive photoelectric light emitter/receiver 4 is attached to the support 16 near the oil tank 15, making it complicated and dense.
  • the structure is as follows. For this reason, there is a possibility that the reflection scale 3 and photoelectric emitter/receiver 4 may become dirty, damaged, deformed, or fall off due to adhesion of lubricating oil or contact when attaching or detaching the pendulum, so regular maintenance inspections are required to maintain performance. is necessary.
  • Another possible reading automation method is to use a color laser coaxial displacement sensor to measure the deflection angle.
  • a rectangular reflection plate (5 mm x 200 mm) is attached to the middle position of the pendulum pointer perpendicular to the vibration plane of the pendulum, and a coaxial displacement laser beam is irradiated from the side to the center of this reflection plate to control the pendulum movement. Measure the deflection angle.
  • Another possible method is to attach an inclination angle sensor (potentiometer type sensor) to a pendulum pointer and measure the swing angle of pendulum movement with high precision.
  • an inclination angle sensor potentiometer type sensor
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned background art and its problems, and has a simple device structure and low manufacturing cost, and is capable of automatically reading the swing angle of a pendulum with high precision. It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic measuring pendulum type oil-based friction tester that can eliminate individual differences in measurement results and also improve the efficiency of calculating the friction coefficient. Another object of the present invention is to provide a kit, etc. that allows an existing pendulum-type oil-based friction tester to be modified from visual measurement to automatic measurement at low cost.
  • the present inventor has installed a wireless or recording type and battery-powered gyro at approximately the same locations as the weights attached to the left, right, horizontal and vertical parts of the T-shaped pendulum.
  • a wireless or recording type and battery-powered gyro at approximately the same locations as the weights attached to the left, right, horizontal and vertical parts of the T-shaped pendulum.
  • the present invention is approximately T-shaped and has left and right horizontal portions and vertical portions, a total of three weights are attached to the left and right horizontal portions and vertical portions, and a cylindrical support shaft is provided at a fulcrum at the center in the left and right direction. It has a connected pendulum, a bearing consisting of a total of four steel balls that abuts the support shaft and supports it from the left, right, front, and lower sides, and a support part that pivotally supports the pendulum in a swingable manner, and supports the whole.
  • a pendulum-type oil-based friction tester for measuring the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil by contacting the injected lubricating oil to be tested, swinging the pendulum in a vertical plane, and measuring the swing angle of its damped vibration. is equipped with a wireless and battery-powered gyro sensor that has a wireless transmitter and is capable of wirelessly transmitting data, and is approximately the same as the attachment points of the three weights attached to the left, right, horizontal and vertical parts of the pendulum.
  • a reception recording device includes a reception unit that receives transmitted data and a recording unit that records the received data, and the data is calculated from data on the angular velocity or swing angle of the support shaft connected to the pendulum measured by the gyro sensor. This is an automatic pendulum-type oil-based friction tester that measures the friction coefficient of lubricating oil.
  • the present invention is approximately T-shaped and has left and right horizontal portions and vertical portions, a total of three weights are attached to the left and right horizontal portions and vertical portions, and a cylindrical support shaft is attached to a fulcrum at the center in the left and right direction. It has a connected pendulum, a bearing consisting of a total of four steel balls that abuts the support shaft and supports it from the left, right, front, and lower sides, and a support part that pivotally supports the pendulum in a swingable manner, and supports the whole.
  • a pendulum-type oil-based friction tester for measuring the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil by contacting the injected lubricating oil to be tested, swinging the pendulum in a vertical plane, and measuring the swing angle of its damped vibration. is equipped with a recording type and battery operated gyro sensor that has an internal recording section and is capable of internally recording data, and is approximately the same as the attachment points of the three weights attached to the left, right, horizontal and vertical parts of the pendulum.
  • One to three gyro sensors are attached to a location, and the weight of the weight is adjusted so that the total weight of the weight at the attachment location and the gyro sensor is a predetermined weight, and the gyro sensor measures the weight.
  • the automatic measurement pendulum type oil friction tester is characterized in that the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil is measured from data on the angular velocity or swing angle of the support shaft connected to the pendulum.
  • the gyro sensor is attached to substantially the same location as the attachment location of the weight attached to the vertical part of the pendulum, and the total weight of the weight at the attachment location and the gyro sensor is a predetermined value.
  • the automatic measuring pendulum type oil-based friction tester is characterized in that the weight of the weight is adjusted so as to match the weight.
  • the angular velocity or swing angle of the support shaft connected to the pendulum is automatically measured using the automatic measuring pendulum type oil-based friction tester to determine the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil. This is a method for measuring the coefficient of friction of lubricating oil.
  • the automatic pendulum-type oil-based friction tester of the present invention and the measurement method using the same can automatically read the angular velocity or swing angle of the damped vibration of the pendulum with high precision, eliminating individual differences in measurement results. Accuracy can be greatly improved, and friction coefficient calculation can also be made more efficient.
  • the automatic measurement mechanism is simple and robust, making it possible to significantly reduce manufacturing costs and omit maintenance and inspection.
  • the total weight of one to three wireless or recording type and battery type gyro sensors is installed at substantially the same location as the gyro sensors, so that the total weight of the gyro sensors is a predetermined weight.
  • an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of removing one to three weights from a conventional pendulum-type oil-based friction tester, and one to three wireless or a step of installing a battery-powered gyro sensor, and installing at least one to three adjustment weights at substantially the same location as the gyro sensor to adjust the total weight of the gyro sensor to a predetermined weight.
  • the modification kit of the present invention and the modification method using the same automatically and accurately measure the angular velocity or deflection angle of the damped vibration of the pendulum of an existing pendulum-type oil-based friction tester at a much lower cost than conventional ones. It can be modified to the automatic measuring pendulum type oil-based friction testing machine of the present invention, which can measure and further precisely measure and analyze the swing of the pendulum's motion plane.
  • the structure is simple and the cost is low, and the angular velocity or swing angle of the damped vibration of the pendulum can be automatically and accurately measured without affecting the vibration motion of the pendulum.
  • measurement errors can be eliminated without relying on visual reading, and the measurement accuracy of the friction coefficient can be significantly improved.
  • the swing of the pendulum's motion plane can be measured and analyzed, and the reliability of the measured coefficient of friction can be improved.
  • the friction coefficient can be efficiently determined using the recorded data. Since testing machines with these excellent performances can be realized at low cost, widespread use can be expected.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view showing a conventional pendulum-type oil-based friction tester (Type II). It is a schematic diagram showing the outline of a fulcrum and a friction surface of a pendulum, (a) is a front view seen from the front, and (b) is a plan view seen from above.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view showing an automatic measuring pendulum type oil-based friction tester according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 4 is a partially enlarged view of part A in FIG. 3, (a) is a front view, (b) is a right side view, and (c) is a perspective view of a gyro sensor attachment location.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a system of an automatic measuring pendulum type oil-based friction tester according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3A and 3B are diagrams showing Embodiments 2 and 3 of the present invention, in which (a) is a front view showing a pendulum with three wireless gyro sensors attached, (b) is a partially enlarged bottom view and perspective view of part B; c) is a front view showing a pendulum to which two recording type gyro sensors are attached.
  • 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the deflection angle around the Z-axis of pendulum vibration using the automatic pendulum-type oil-based friction tester of Embodiment 1 (dry friction, test ball SUJ2).
  • 2 is a graph showing measurement results of swing angles of pendulum vibration around the X-axis and Y-axis using the automatic measurement pendulum type oil-based friction tester of Embodiment 1 (dry friction, test ball SUJ2).
  • 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the deflection angle around the Z-axis of pendulum vibration using the automatic measurement pendulum type oil-based friction tester of Embodiment 1 (test oil L-Vis1, test ball SUJ2).
  • 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the swing angles of pendulum vibration around the X-axis and Y-axis using the automatic measurement pendulum-type oil-based friction tester of Embodiment 1 (test oil L-Vis1, test ball SUJ2).
  • 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the deflection angle around the Z-axis of pendulum vibration using the automatic measurement pendulum type oil-based friction tester of Embodiment 1 (dry friction, test ball A1050).
  • 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the deflection angle around the Z axis of pendulum vibration using the automatic measurement pendulum type oil-based friction tester of Embodiment 1 (test oil RF-520, test ball A1050).
  • 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the angular velocity around the Z-axis of pendulum vibration using the automatic measurement pendulum-type oil-based friction tester of Embodiment 1 (dry friction, test ball SUJ2).
  • 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the angular velocity around the Z axis of pendulum vibration using the automatic measurement pendulum type oil friction tester of Embodiment 1 (test oil L-Vis1, test ball SUJ2).
  • 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the angular velocity around the Z-axis of pendulum vibration using the automatic pendulum-type oil-based friction tester of Embodiment 1 (dry friction, test ball A1050).
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the measurement results of the angular velocity around the Z-axis of pendulum vibration using the automatic measurement pendulum type oil-based friction tester of Embodiment 1 (test oil RF-520, test ball A1050). It is a graph showing the attenuation tendency of the angular velocity around the Z-axis obtained by regression analysis of the relationship between the test time and the angular velocity around the Z-axis (test oil L-Vis1, test ball SUJ2). It is a graph showing the attenuation tendency of the angular velocity around the Z-axis obtained by regression analysis of the relationship between the test time and the angular velocity around the Z-axis (test oil P-123, test ball SUJ2).
  • the front-rear direction, left-right direction, and up-down direction are respectively defined as directions along the Z, Y, and X axes shown in each figure, based on the state in which the testing machine is installed on a horizontal surface. More specifically, +Z defines the forward direction of the pendulum of the testing machine, and -Z defines the backward direction. Furthermore, +Y defines the right direction, and -Y defines the left direction when the front side of the test machine is facing forward. Further, +X defines the downward direction on the installation surface side that the pedestal contacts, and -X defines the upward direction. These directions are the same as the three axis directions of the Z, Y, and X axes detected by the gyro sensor provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the basic structure of the present invention is the conventional pendulum type oil friction tester 1.
  • the basic structure may be obtained by producing the same or equivalent test machine, or a commercially available test machine may be purchased and the pendulum portion may be modified. This specification focuses on type II, which is widely used.
  • the structure of the pendulum-type oil-based friction tester 1 is as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the pendulum 10 has a substantially T-shape, and cylindrical weights 11L and 11R are attached to both left and right ends 34 cm from the fulcrum of the left and right horizontal parts 10L and 10R. Further, a cylindrical weight 11U is attached at a position 10 cm below the fulcrum of the vertical portion 10U, and a pendulum pointer 12 is formed at the lower end of the vertical portion 10U. Using this pendulum pointer 12, the decrease in the swing angle of the pendulum 10 is visually read from the scale plate 13.
  • the fulcrum of the pendulum and the friction surface are schematically shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b).
  • the fulcrum of the pendulum 10 is a support shaft ( ⁇ 2 x 30 mm roller pin, hardened carbon steel lap finish) 14, and a total of four steel balls (3/16" bearing steel balls) 15 are placed on the left, right, front, and lower sides of this shaft.
  • the friction surfaces are formed by four point contacts between the support shaft 14 and the steel balls 15 on the left, right, front, rear, and lower sides.
  • the entire structure forming these friction surfaces is housed in a cylindrical oil tank 16 equipped with a heater at the bottom, and a predetermined amount of the lubricating oil to be tested is poured into the oil tank 16 and maintained at a predetermined temperature. ing. That is, the friction surface is in contact with lubricating oil within the oil tank 16.
  • a column 18 extends vertically upward from the center of a substantially rectangular pedestal 17 that supports the entire testing machine in plan view, and an oil tank 16 is installed horizontally on the front side of the upper part of the column 18.
  • the pendulum 10 is placed on a bearing made up of a total of four steel balls 15 within the oil tank 16 so that the entire oil tank 16 is inserted into the central annular portion 10C of the pendulum 10.
  • the pendulum 10 is swingably supported around a support shaft 14 inserted into an oil tank 16, and is suspended vertically in front of a support column 18.
  • the measurement method is to operate the swing bar 19 to start the pendulum vibration of the pendulum pointer 12 from an initial swing angle of 0.5 radian, visually read and record the damped swing angle after each number of vibrations, and calculate the value using a predetermined formula.
  • the friction coefficient ⁇ is given by the following formula.
  • n Number of vibrations
  • a 0 Initial deflection angle (radian), usually 0.5 radian
  • a n Deflection angle after n vibrations (radian) (Note) Normally, deflection angles of 0.1 radian or less are excluded from calculations because they have large variations.
  • the measurement accuracy is low because the swing angle of the pendulum is read visually by the person in charge of the test, there are large individual differences, and the calculation of the coefficient of friction is inefficient because it is calculated manually.
  • the testing machine and measurement method of the present invention can greatly improve measurement accuracy by automatically and accurately measuring the swing angle of the pendulum, and eliminate individual differences. Efficiency can also be improved by calculating the coefficient of friction.
  • the basic structure of the present invention is the conventional pendulum type oil friction tester 1.
  • the structure of the automatic measuring pendulum type oil friction tester 2 of the present invention is as shown in FIG.
  • one wireless gyro sensor 20 is attached to the vertical portion 10U of the pendulum 10 to measure the swing angle of the damped vibration of the pendulum.
  • a gyro sensor can measure angular acceleration around three axes, XYZ, and calculate and output angular velocity and angle based on the data and measurement time.
  • the friction coefficient is calculated by using the measured angle change around the Z-axis as the deflection angle in the motion plane (XY plane) in damped vibration of the pendulum.
  • a gyro sensor it is also possible to measure angular changes around the X-axis and Y-axis in the damped vibration of the pendulum. These angular changes represent swings in the plane of motion of the pendulum, and the swings in the plane of motion affect the measurement of angular changes around the Z-axis and cause errors. Therefore, by measuring the angular changes around these X- and Y-axes and observing and analyzing the swing of the pendulum's motion plane, it is possible to determine the suitability of the measurement data and ensure its reliability. .
  • gyro sensors there are various types of gyro sensors depending on their structure, such as mechanical, optical, and fluid types, but in the present invention, the gyro sensor is required to be small and lightweight, so a mechanical vibration type gyro sensor is preferable.
  • a wireless gyro sensor with a built-in wireless transmitter that can wirelessly transmit detected data, or a recording unit such as a semiconductor memory that can internally record detected data.
  • a built-in recording type gyro sensor is desirable.
  • a battery-powered power source is preferable.
  • a rechargeable battery-type gyro sensor capable of wirelessly transmitting data via Bluetooth communication is used (manufactured by WitMotion, BWT61CL, dimensions L51 mm x W35 mm x T16 mm, weight 20 g).
  • the gyro sensor 20 was installed at the mounting points of the weights 11L and 11R attached to both the left and right ends of the approximately T-shaped pendulum 10 at 34 cm from the fulcrum of the horizontal parts 10L and 10R extending in the left and right direction, and It is preferable to attach it at approximately the same location as the attachment location of the weight 11U, which is attached at a position 10 cm below the fulcrum of the vertical portion 10U extending downward.
  • One to three gyro sensors 20 can be attached to the pendulum 10, but even one gyro sensor 20 can measure the swing angle of the damped vibration of the pendulum with sufficient accuracy. From the viewpoint of equipment settings for wireless transmission such as Bluetooth and manufacturing costs, it is preferable to use one gyro sensor. From the viewpoint of more precise analysis of the plane of motion of the pendulum and system redundancy, it is preferable to use a plurality of 2 to 3 gyro sensors. When one piece is attached, it is preferable to take into consideration the balance of the left and right weight and shape of the pendulum 10, and to attach it at approximately the same location as the attachment location of the weight 11U attached to the vertical portion 10U. When two weights are attached, from the same point of view, it is preferable to attach them at substantially the same locations as the attachment locations of the weights 11L, 11R attached to both left and right ends of the horizontal portions 10L, 10R.
  • the horizontal axis load is 80 g x 2, so when installing the gyro sensor at the mounting location of weights 11L and 11R, it is preferable that the weight of the gyro sensor is 80 g or less, and it should be placed before and after the adjustment weight installed on the rear side. Considering balance, a weight of 40 g or less is more preferable, and a weight of around 40 g is most preferable.
  • the vertical axis load is 40g, when attaching the gyro sensor to the attachment point of the weight 11U, the weight of the gyro sensor is preferably 40 g or less, and considering the front-to-back balance with the adjustment weight attached to the rear side, it is 20 g.
  • a weight of around 20 g is most preferable. Note that if the weight of the gyro sensor exceeds a predetermined weight based on predetermined test conditions, it can be adjusted by shortening the mounting distance from the fulcrum.
  • the weight of the gyro sensor is less than the weight of the test condition weight, place an adjustment weight at the mounting point of the test condition weight (gyro It must be installed at approximately the same location as the sensor (installation location). In this case, in order not to affect the vibration movement of the pendulum 10, it is preferable to process and attach adjustment weights so that the loads and shapes on the front, rear, left and right sides are as equal as possible.
  • the material of the adjustment weight is not limited as long as it can perform a predetermined function. Metal materials are preferred from the viewpoint of specific gravity and workability, and examples include brass, stainless steel, steel, and aluminum.
  • the material of the adjustment weights attached to both ends of the left and right horizontal parts, which are heavy, is preferably brass, stainless steel, steel, etc., which have a high specific gravity.
  • the above-mentioned gyro sensor and adjustment weight are attached to approximately the same location as the standard cylindrical weight attached to the pendulum of the pendulum type oil-based friction tester.
  • approximately the same location means that the center of gravity of the standard cylindrical weight and the center of gravity of the gyro sensor and adjustment weight do not substantially affect the damped vibration of the pendulum, resulting in the measurement of the friction coefficient. This means that they are close enough to each other that they do not cause any problematic errors.
  • the center of gravity of the standard cylindrical weight and the center of gravity of the gyro sensor and adjustment weight be as close as possible when viewed from the front in the front-rear direction (XY plane view).
  • the center of gravity of the standard cylindrical weight and the center of gravity of the gyro sensor and adjustment weights located on both sides of the flat pendulum are as close as possible. It is preferable that you do so.
  • the center of gravity of the gyro sensor may be determined by approximating the shape of a homogeneous solid such as a rectangular parallelepiped that is closest to the shape of the gyro sensor.
  • a weight 11U (40 g) attached to a vertically extending vertical portion 10U of the pendulum 10 at a position 10 cm below the support shaft 14 is removed.
  • a gyro sensor 20 (BWT61CL, 20g) is attached to approximately the same location on the front side of the vertical portion 10U.
  • a flat aluminum adjustment weight 21 weighing 20 g is attached to the back side of the mounting surface of the gyro sensor 20 at approximately the same location so as to sandwich the flat vertical portion 10U. Both parts are attached using bolts and nuts, and the weight of the adjustment weight 21 includes the weight of fasteners such as bolts and nuts.
  • a groove is carved on the mounting surface side of the adjustment weight 21 so that the flat plate-like vertical portion 10U fits therein.
  • One or two gyro sensors may be attached to the attachment locations of the weights 11L, 11R attached to the horizontal parts 10L, 10R extending in the left and right horizontal directions of the pendulum 10.
  • the mounting part is processed and mounted so that the weight and shape of the front, rear, left and right sides are as equal as possible, and the weight of both ends of the left and right horizontal parts 10L and R is It is preferable to process and mount the parts so that they are as uniform in shape as possible.
  • the reception recording device 22 which has a receiving section that receives data wirelessly transmitted from the gyro sensor 20 and a recording section that records the received data, has a predetermined function and can exhibit the effects of the present invention. If so, there are no limitations. Further, the reception/recording device 22 may include a calculation unit that calculates predetermined items such as a friction coefficient from received or recorded data, a display unit that displays the calculation results, and a control unit that controls movable parts such as a swing bar. good.
  • reception recording device and arithmetic control device having the functions of each of these parts include a programmable controller (PLC) for controlling equipment, a dedicated or general-purpose design single board computer (SBC), and a general-purpose personal computer (PC).
  • PLC programmable controller
  • SBC dedicated or general-purpose design single board computer
  • PC general-purpose personal computer
  • a general-purpose PC is preferable from the viewpoints of operability, expandability, price, etc., and a smartphone or a tablet computer may also be used.
  • the receiving unit is a built-in or externally expanded wireless unit such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.
  • the recording unit is an internal memory such as a RAM or ROM mounted on the circuit board of a PLC, SBC, or general-purpose PC, or an external memory such as an SD card, USB memory, magnetic disk, or semiconductor disk connected to the outside.
  • the arithmetic/control unit is a central processing unit (CPU) mounted on the circuit board of a PLC, SBC, or general-purpose PC, its peripheral circuits, and software installed in the recording unit.
  • FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) The structure of the pendulum portion of the automatic measuring pendulum type oil friction tester 3 of the present invention, which is equipped with three wireless gyro sensors, is shown in FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b).
  • a weight 11U (40 g) attached to a position 10 cm below the support shaft 14 of the vertical part 10U extending in the vertical direction of the pendulum 10, and the support shafts of the horizontal parts 10L and 10R extending in the left and right horizontal directions.
  • Wireless gyro sensors 30U, 30L, and 30R manufactured by WitMotion, WT901-IoT, 20g) capable of wireless transmission and multi-connection are installed.
  • an adjustment weight 31U equivalent to 20 g is attached to the back side of the mounting surface of the gyro sensor 30U at approximately the same location so as to sandwich the flat vertical portion 10U.
  • adjustment weights 31LB and RB are attached to the back side of the mounting surfaces of the gyro sensors 31L and 31R at approximately the same location so as to sandwich the flat plate-shaped horizontal portions 10L and 10R. Concave grooves are cut into the mounting surfaces of the adjustment weights 31U, 31LB, and RB so that the flat plate-like vertical portions 10U and horizontal portions 10L and 10R fit therein.
  • adjustment weights 31LF and RF are inserted as spacers between the gyro sensors 30L and 30R and the flat plate-shaped horizontal portions 10L and 10R, and are attached at approximately the same location.
  • the gyro sensors 30L, R and adjustment weights 31LB, RB, and 31LF, RF have the same shape and weight for left and right use, and their mounting positions and mounting forms are symmetrical.
  • FIG. 6(c) The structure of the pendulum portion of the automatic measuring pendulum type oil friction tester 4 of the present invention, which is equipped with two recording type gyro sensors, is shown in FIG. 6(c).
  • the weights 11L and 11R (80g) attached to the horizontal parts 10L and 10R extending in the left and right horizontal directions of the pendulum 10 are removed, and the SD card memory is installed at approximately the same location on the front side of the horizontal parts 10L and 10R.
  • Recording type gyro sensors 40L and 40R manufactured by WitMotion, WT901SDCL Gen 2nd, 20g), which have built-in data and can record data internally, are installed.
  • adjustment weights 41LB and RB equivalent to 40 g are attached to the back side of the mounting surfaces of the gyro sensors 40L and R at approximately the same location so as to sandwich the flat plate-shaped horizontal portions 10L and 10R, and further adjustment weights 41LF and RB equivalent to 20 g are attached, respectively.
  • the RF is inserted as a spacer between the gyro sensors 40L, 40R and the flat plate-like horizontal parts 10L, 10R, and is attached at substantially the same location.
  • the method of attaching these four adjustment weights is the same as in the second embodiment.
  • measurement data of the swing angle of the pendulum 10 is recorded in the SD card memory built into the gyro sensors 40L and 40R.
  • the SD card memory is removed from the gyro sensors 40L and 40R, and the measured data is read and recorded using an SD card reader built into or connected to an external device such as a general-purpose PC, and predetermined items such as the coefficient of friction are calculated and displayed. be able to.
  • an external device such as a general-purpose PC
  • predetermined items such as the coefficient of friction are calculated and displayed. be able to.
  • it may be connected to an external device such as a general-purpose PC using a USB cable or the like to read and record measurement data.
  • Test Example 1 Using the testing machine of Embodiment 1, in which the standard weight 11U attached to the vertical part 10U of the pendulum 10 of the existing pendulum-type oil-based friction testing machine 1 was replaced with a gyro sensor 20 and an adjustment weight 21, damped vibration of the pendulum was measured. Automatic measurement of deflection angle was carried out.
  • the data was received using the Bluetooth device attached to the sensor and recorded using the included software.
  • the data recording conditions were set to Baud rate 9600 (20Hz), Static Threshold 1.098°/s, and Bandwidth 10Hz. From the recorded data, the damping curve was displayed on a graph using general-purpose spreadsheet software, and the friction coefficient was calculated.
  • the standard deviation of the friction coefficient was less than 10% in a total of 5 measurements under wet conditions. From the experience of the inventor, the conventional method of measuring the friction coefficient by visually reading the swing angle of the pendulum using a pendulum-type oil-based friction tester has found that in many cases, a variation of about 15% is observed; It can be seen that the accuracy has greatly improved. Therefore, it can be seen that by using the automatic measurement pendulum type oil-based friction tester of the present invention, the measurement error of the deflection angle can be minimized and the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil can be accurately measured.
  • Test Example 2 Since the present invention uses a gyro sensor, it is possible to measure angular velocity and deflection angle based on angular acceleration and time data.
  • the angular velocity ⁇ z around the Z-axis was simultaneously measured automatically.
  • the measurement results of the angular velocity ⁇ z around the Z-axis at the lowest point of the pendulum movement (zero angle of the Z-axis) after starting vibration from an initial swing angle of 0.5 radian are shown in Tables 5 and 6 below, respectively.
  • Part of the graph of the attenuation curve is shown in FIGS. 13 to 16. Note that the value of the angular velocity ⁇ z is shown multiplied by ⁇ 10.
  • the slope of the regression line which will be described later, was taken as the attenuation rate of the angular velocity ⁇ z.
  • Pendulum type oil friction tester 10... T-shaped pendulum, 10L... Left horizontal part, 10R... Right horizontal part, 10U... Vertical part, 10C... Central annular part, 11L, R... Horizontal part weight, 11U... Vertical part Weight, 12... Pendulum pointer, 13... Dial plate, 14... Support shaft (steel roller pin), 15... Steel ball (bearing steel ball), 16... Oil tank, 17... Pedestal, 18... Support, 19... Swing bar.
  • 20 Automatic measurement pendulum type oil friction tester, 20...Wireless gyro sensor, 21...Adjustment weight, 22...Reception recording device.
  • 3... Automatic measurement pendulum type oil friction tester 30L, R, U...
  • Wireless gyro sensor multi connection
  • 31LB RB
  • Adjustment weight 31LF
  • RF RF
  • Spacer 4...
  • Automatic measurement pendulum type oil friction tester 40L
  • R Recording type gyro sensor
  • 41LB RB
  • RB RB
  • Adjustment weight 41LF
  • RF RF

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PCT/JP2023/032591 2022-09-07 2023-09-06 自動測定振子型油性摩擦試験機、及び当該試験機に改造するためのキット WO2024053693A1 (ja)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118961343A (zh) * 2024-08-23 2024-11-15 中铁七局集团有限公司 一种粗粒土试块的压实装置

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JPS4948379A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-08-30 1974-05-10
JPS57170050U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1981-04-20 1982-10-26
JPS6076253U (ja) * 1983-11-01 1985-05-28 出光興産株式会社 自動振子試験装置
US5031443A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-07-16 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for measuring bearing torque
CN101532943A (zh) * 2009-04-24 2009-09-16 东莞太平洋博高润滑油有限公司 一种振子型油性摩擦试验机及数据检测处理方法
CN105181573A (zh) * 2015-06-16 2015-12-23 大连理工大学 一种面向非结构化环境的地面滚动摩阻系数球形感知器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4948379A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-08-30 1974-05-10
JPS57170050U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1981-04-20 1982-10-26
JPS6076253U (ja) * 1983-11-01 1985-05-28 出光興産株式会社 自動振子試験装置
US5031443A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-07-16 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for measuring bearing torque
CN101532943A (zh) * 2009-04-24 2009-09-16 东莞太平洋博高润滑油有限公司 一种振子型油性摩擦试验机及数据检测处理方法
CN105181573A (zh) * 2015-06-16 2015-12-23 大连理工大学 一种面向非结构化环境的地面滚动摩阻系数球形感知器

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118961343A (zh) * 2024-08-23 2024-11-15 中铁七局集团有限公司 一种粗粒土试块的压实装置

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