WO2024048631A1 - 化合物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
化合物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024048631A1 WO2024048631A1 PCT/JP2023/031422 JP2023031422W WO2024048631A1 WO 2024048631 A1 WO2024048631 A1 WO 2024048631A1 JP 2023031422 W JP2023031422 W JP 2023031422W WO 2024048631 A1 WO2024048631 A1 WO 2024048631A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D331/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of less than five members, having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D331/02—Three-membered rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B61/00—Other general methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/34—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by sulphur, selenium or tellurium atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D331/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of less than five members, having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D331/04—Four-membered rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/06—Polythioethers from cyclic thioethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/06—Polythioethers from cyclic thioethers
- C08G75/08—Polythioethers from cyclic thioethers from thiiranes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P95/00—Generic processes or apparatus for manufacture or treatments not covered by the other groups of this subclass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a composition containing the compound, a cured product of the compound or the composition, a display device containing the cured product, and a solid-state image sensor containing the cured product. Furthermore, the present invention relates to encapsulating materials and insulating materials containing the compositions.
- High refractive materials are required in the field of optical equipment. Lenses can be obtained from highly refractive materials and can control the optical path within an optical device. Lenses are used in solid-state image sensors to improve the efficiency of light collection to each photoelectric conversion element, and lenses are used in display devices to improve the efficiency of light extraction from pixels.
- various high refractive materials have been developed, and it is known that one of the methods for increasing the refractive index is to add an inorganic filler.
- the addition of inorganic fillers may cause various problems, such as light scattering due to filler aggregation and surrounding contamination due to metal ions during processing.
- a high refractive material for example, a composition containing a specific (meth)acrylate compound is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
- One object of the present invention is to provide a new compound that can provide a cured product exhibiting a high refractive index and has excellent film-forming properties and curability, and a method for producing the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition containing the compound, a cured product of the compound or the composition, a display device containing the cured product, and a solid-state imaging device containing the cured product.
- the present invention includes the following.
- L represents a divalent group, and multiple L's may be the same or different.
- m represents 0 or 1
- multiple m's may be the same or different.
- n represents any integer from 0 to 6.
- R represents a monovalent substituent, and when there is a plurality of R's, the plurality of R's may be the same or different.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, and a plurality of R 2 may be the same or different.
- [2] The compound according to [1], wherein all L's are alkanediyl groups.
- [3] The compound according to [1] or [2], wherein all m are 0.
- [4] A composition containing the compound according to any one of [1] to [3]. [5] The composition according to [4], further comprising a polymerization initiator. [6] The composition according to [5], wherein the polymerization initiator is a thermal cationic polymerization initiator or a thermal anionic polymerization initiator. [7] The composition according to any one of [4] to [6], further comprising a polymerization inhibitor. [8] A cured product of the compound according to any one of [1] to [3] or the composition according to any one of [4] to [7]. [9] A display device comprising the cured product according to [8]. [10] A solid-state imaging device comprising the cured product according to [8].
- a sealing material comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [3] or the composition according to any one of [4] to [7].
- An insulating material comprising the compound according to any one of [1] to [3] or the composition according to any one of [4] to [7].
- the present invention it is possible to provide a new compound that can provide a cured product exhibiting a high refractive index and has excellent film-forming properties and curability, and a method for producing the same. Furthermore, a composition containing the compound, a cured product of the compound or the composition, a display device containing the cured product, and a solid-state image sensor containing the cured product can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a sealing material with a small linear thermal expansion coefficient and an insulating material with excellent dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent.
- the compound according to the present invention is a compound represented by formula (I) (hereinafter also referred to as "compound (I)").
- Compound (I) can provide a cured product exhibiting a high refractive index, and can also exhibit excellent film-forming properties and curability.
- Compound (I) may also exhibit excellent storage stability.
- L represents a divalent group, and multiple L's may be the same or different.
- m represents 0 or 1, and multiple m's may be the same or different.
- n represents any integer from 0 to 6.
- R represents a monovalent substituent, and when there is a plurality of R's, the plurality of R's may be the same or different.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, and a plurality of R 2 may be the same or different.
- Formula (I) is a group represented by the two following formulas may be bonded to any of the 1st to 4th positions of the naphthalene ring, or may be bonded to any of the 5th to 8th positions, or one of the groups may be bonded to any of the 1st to 4th positions of the naphthalene ring. represents that it is bonded to any position between the ⁇ 4-positions, and the other group may be bonded to any of the 5-8 positions of the naphthalene ring.
- formula (I) has one or more monovalent substituents represented by R, the one or more monovalent substituents have a position where the group represented by the above formula is bonded.
- the two L's representing a divalent group each independently include, for example, a divalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, A divalent hydrocarbon group such as an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and a divalent group consisting of a combination thereof (aralkylene group, etc.) Can be mentioned.
- -CH 2 - contained in the divalent hydrocarbon group is -O-, -S-, -NR 1A - (R 1A represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), -CO-, It may be substituted with -SO 2 -.
- divalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group examples include saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain hydrocarbon groups, and specifically, methylene group, ethylene group, propanediyl group, butanediyl group, pentanediyl group, etc.
- the divalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms in the divalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group is usually 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, still more preferably 1 to 4, even more preferably 1 or 2. be.
- substituents that the divalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group may have include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, and iodine atom, hydroxy group, amino group, acetyl group, and cyano group. Examples include groups.
- divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group examples include saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, specifically cyclopropanediyl group, cyclobutanediyl group, cyclopentanediyl group, cyclohexanediyl group.
- monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as group, cyclooctanediyl group, cyclononanediyl group, cyclodecanediyl group; bicyclo[1.1.0]butanediyl group, tricyclo[2.2.1.0]heptanediyl group group, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanediyl group, bicyclo[2.2.2.
- Polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as an octanediyl group, an adamantanediyl group, a bicyclo[4.3.2]undecanediyl group, and a tricyclo[5.3.1.1]dodecanediyl group.
- the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group usually has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- substituents that the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, Alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms) such as decyl groups, halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, hydroxy groups, amino groups, acetyl groups, cyano Examples include groups.
- the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and includes, for example, a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an anthracenediyl group, a fluorenediyl group, and the like.
- the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group usually has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- substituents that the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group may have include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, and decyl group.
- At least one of the two L's is an alkanediyl group, and more preferably both are alkanediyl groups.
- the alkanediyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
- n is any integer from 0 to 6, preferably any integer from 0 to 4, more preferably any integer from 0 to 2, still more preferably 0 or 1, Particularly preferably, it is 0.
- R representing a monovalent substituent when there are multiple R's, each independently includes, for example, a monovalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a monovalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, Monovalent monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups that may have substituents, monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups that may have substituents, and monovalent groups consisting of combinations thereof (aralkyl groups, etc.) hydrocarbon group; hydroxy group; substituted with one or two alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as amino group, monomethylamino group, monoethylamino group, dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, methylethylamino group; Optional amino groups: pyrrolidinyl group, pyrrolinyl group, imidazolidinyl group, imidazolinyl group, oxazolinyl group, thiazolyl group, piperidinyl group, morpholiny
- -CH 2 - contained in the monovalent hydrocarbon group is -O-, -S-, -NR 1B - (R 1B represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), -CO-, It may be substituted with -SO 2 -.
- groups in which -CH 2 - contained in the monovalent hydrocarbon group are substituted with -O- include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, butoxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, heptyloxy group. and alkoxy groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as octyloxy groups; alkoxyalkyl groups such as methoxymethyl groups, ethoxymethyl groups, and methoxyethyl groups.
- Examples of the monovalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group include saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain hydrocarbon groups, and specifically, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group. , alkyl groups such as hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, nonadecyl group, eicosyl group, etc. can be mentioned.
- the monovalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms in the monovalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group is usually 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, still more preferably 1 to 4, even more preferably 1 or 2. be.
- substituents that the monovalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group may have include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, and iodine atom, hydroxy group, amino group, acetyl group, and cyano group. Examples include groups.
- Examples of the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group include saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, specifically, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclooctyl group. , cyclononyl group, monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group such as cyclodecyl group; bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl group, tricyclo[2.2.1.0]heptyl group, bicyclo[3.2.1] Octyl group, bicyclo [2.2.2.
- Polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as an octyl group, an adamantyl group, a bicyclo[4.3.2]undecyl group, and a tricyclo[5.3.1.1]dodecyl group.
- the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group usually has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- substituents that the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group may have include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, Alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms) such as decyl groups, halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, hydroxy groups, amino groups, acetyl groups, cyano Examples include groups.
- the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and includes, for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, and the like.
- the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group usually has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the substituents that the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group may have include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, Alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms) such as decyl groups, halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms, hydroxy groups, amino groups, acetyl groups, cyano Examples include groups.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, and a plurality of R 2 may be the same or different, preferably the same.
- Specific examples of the monovalent substituent include the same ones as R.
- the two R 2 's are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or a monovalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a monovalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is a hydrocarbon group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.
- Examples of the compound represented by formula (I) include compounds represented by formula (Ia), formula (Ib), formula (Ic), formula (Id), and formula (1e).
- n, R, R 2 , L and m in formula (Ia), formula (Ib), formula (Ic), formula (Id) and formula (1e) have the same meanings as above.
- formula (Ia), formula (Ib), formula (Ic), formula (Id) and formula (1e) preferably at least one of the two L's is an alkanediyl group, more preferably both is an alkanediyl group.
- the alkanediyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
- the two m's are each independently 0 or 1, preferably 0. More preferably, both m's are 0. n is any integer from 0 to 6, preferably any integer from 0 to 4, more preferably any integer from 0 to 2, still more preferably 0 or 1, Particularly preferably, it is 0.
- two R 2 are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or a monovalent aliphatic chain A hydrocarbon group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a monovalent aliphatic chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Particularly preferred are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.
- Two R 2 are preferably the same.
- the molecular weight of compound (I) is preferably 2000 or less, more preferably 1000 or less, even more preferably 500 or less. Further, from the viewpoint of volatility, the molecular weight is preferably 50 or more, more preferably 100 or more, and still more preferably 150 or more.
- Compound (I) can be produced by a method including a first step and a second step shown below.
- a compound represented by and formula (III) [In formula (III), R 2 , L and m represent the same meanings as above, and X represents a leaving group. ]
- By reacting with a compound represented by formula (IV) [In formula (IV), n, R, R 2 , L and m have the same meanings as above. ]
- Reaction of the compound represented by formula (II) (hereinafter also referred to as “compound (II)”) and the compound represented by formula (III) (hereinafter also referred to as “compound (III)”) in the first step can be carried out, for example, in the presence of a base. Two or more types of bases may be used in combination.
- Inorganic bases such as potassium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, cesium bicarbonate; sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, lithium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium isopropoxide, potassium isopropoxide, sodium t-butoxide , metal alkoxides such as potassium t-butoxide; ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, triisopropylamine, DBU, DABCO, pyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 2,6-di-t-butyl Examples include organic bases such as pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine, triphenylphosphin
- the leaving group represented by X includes halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, and iodine atom; Alkylsulfonyl groups such as fluoromethylsulfonyl group, perfluoroethylsulfonyl group, perfluoropropylsulfonyl group, perfluorobutylsulfonyl group; phenylsulfonyl group, p-toluenesulfonyl group, p-fluorophenylsulfonyl group, pentafluorophenylsulfonyl group Examples include arylsulfonyl groups such as.
- compound (III) is an epihalohydrin compound (a compound in which X is a halogen atom, L is a methylene group, and m is 0).
- the amount of compound (III) used is, for example, 0.01 to 20 mol, preferably 0.5 to 15 mol, per 1 mol of compound (II).
- the first step may be carried out using two or more types of compound (III).
- solvents include ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, glymes, and esters. , aliphatic nitriles, sulfoxides, amides, and other organic solvents. Two or more types of solvents may be used in combination. Specific examples of the organic solvent include the following solvents.
- Ketones acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, butyl methyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, etc.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, xylene , mesitylene, naphthalene, anisole, nitrobenzene, aniline, tetralin, durene, etc.
- Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, chloronaphthalene, etc.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons pentane, hexane, heptane, etc.
- Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons dichloromethane , chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, etc.
- Ethers diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, diphenyl ether, dimethoxyethane, dioxane, etc.
- Alcohols methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-Butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexafluoroisopropanol, etc.
- Glyme methyl diglyme, ethyl diglyme, triglyme, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, etc.
- Esters methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetic acid Butyl, etc.
- Aliphatic nitriles acetonitrile, etc.
- Sulfoxides dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, etc. Amides: N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc.
- the temperature for the reaction between compound (II) and compound (III) is, for example, -80 to 200°C, preferably 0 to 150°C.
- the resulting compound represented by formula (IV) (hereinafter also referred to as “compound (IV)”) may be isolated or may be subjected to the second step without being isolated. .
- the reaction carried out in the second step is a reaction in which the oxygen atom of the epoxy group or oxetanyl group of compound (IV) is replaced with a sulfur atom using a sulfurizing agent to form a thiirane group (episulfide group) or thietane group.
- a sulfurizing agent examples include thiourea, methylthiourea, dimethylthiourea, trimethylthiourea, tetramethylthiourea, tetraethylthiourea, ethylenethiourea, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, and the like.
- the amount of the sulfurizing agent used is, for example, 0.01 to 20 mol, preferably 0.5 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound (IV).
- the reaction between compound (IV) and the sulfurizing agent is preferably carried out in a solvent.
- the solvent the organic solvents exemplified above can be used. Two or more types of organic solvents may be used in combination.
- the temperature of the reaction between compound (IV) and the sulfurizing agent is, for example, -80 to 200°C, preferably 0 to 100°C.
- a polymerization inhibitor may be added to inhibit polymerization of the produced compound (I).
- the polymerization inhibitor include acids, acid anhydrides, and the like. in particular, Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, sulfuryl chloride, boric acid, arsenic acid, arsenous acid, pyroarsenic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid , phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus oxybromide, phosphorus sulfide, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus pentachloride, hydrocyanic acid, chromic acid, nitric acid anhydride, sulfuric anhydride, boron oxide, arsenic pentoxide, phosphorus pentoxide, anhydrous Chromic acid, silica, alumina, aluminum chloride
- Organic phosphorus compounds such as dialkyldithiophosphoric acids represented by dimethyldithiophosphoric acid, Phenol, catechol, t-butylcatechol, 2,6-di-t-butylcresol, 2,6-di-t-butylethylphenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, phloroglucin, pyrogallol, cresol, ethylphenol, butylphenol, nonylphenol, hydroxy Phenylacetic acid, hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, hydroxyphenylacetamide, methyl hydroxyphenylacetate, ethyl hydroxyphenylacetate, hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, hydroxyphenethylamine, hydroxybenzaldehyde, phenylphenol, bisphenol-A, 2,2'-methylene-bis(4) -methyl-6-t-butylphenol), bisphenol-F, bisphenol-S, ⁇ -naphthol
- the amount of the polymerization inhibitor used is, for example, 0.0001 to 1.0 mol, preferably 0.01 to 0.2 mol, per 1 mol of compound (IV).
- the polymerization inhibitor acetic acid, acetic anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, phosphoric acid, alkali metal hydrogen phosphate, and alkali metal dihydrogen phosphate are preferred.
- the stability over time of the obtained compound (I) can be improved.
- acids used in the acidic aqueous solution include the acids exemplified above as polymerization inhibitors. These acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above acidic aqueous solution is usually effective at a pH of 6 or less, but the more effective range is a pH of 3 or less.
- a hydrogen sulfide adsorbent can also be used in the second step to improve the stability of compound (I).
- hydrogen sulfide adsorbents include iron (III) hydroxide, zinc oxide, KNK-301 (zinc oxide-based adsorbent, manufactured by Kureha Yushi Kogyo), Nionone 202A (iron oxide-based adsorbent, manufactured by Ibuki Tadashi Co., Ltd.), Examples include Rimonic (iron hydroxide type, manufactured by Nippon Rimonic).
- the hydrogen sulfide adsorbent may be added during the second step reaction, or may be used in purification after the reaction.
- composition (I) contains compound (I), and usually contains compound (I) and other components other than compound (I).
- Composition (I) may contain two or more types of compound (I).
- Composition (I) can be cured by active energy ray irradiation or heating because compound (I) is easily curable.
- composition (I) By curing composition (I), a molded article containing a cured product of composition (I) can be formed.
- the molded product containing the cured product is a product containing the cured product and molded into a desired shape.
- composition (I) contains compound (I), it can exhibit a high refractive index and excellent curability. Moreover, composition (I) can exhibit excellent heat resistance. Furthermore, composition (I) may exhibit excellent storage stability.
- the content of compound (I) in composition (I) is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more, even more preferably 5% by mass, based on the total solid content of composition (I).
- the content may be 100% by mass or less, preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less, and may be 90% by mass or less or 80% by mass or less.
- the total solid content of composition (I) means the total of the components contained in composition (I) excluding the solvent.
- the content of each component in the solid content of the composition can be measured by known analytical means such as liquid chromatography or gas chromatography.
- the content of each component in the solid content of composition (I) may be calculated from the formulation at the time of preparing the composition.
- composition (I) examples include resins, curable compounds other than compound (I), polymerization initiators, solvents, polymerization inhibitors, and other additives.
- Other additives include, for example, inorganic particles, fillers, polymerization initiation aids, sensitizers, leveling agents, stabilizers, surfactants, antistatic agents, lubricants, antifouling agents, ultraviolet absorbers, and oxidizing agents. Examples include inhibitors, dispersants, and the like.
- Composition (I) may contain two or more of the other components described above. When composition (I) contains additives, two or more additives may be used in combination.
- Resin Composition (I) can contain one or more resins. By containing the resin in the composition (I), it is possible to impart developability to the cured product of the composition (I) and to adjust the mechanical properties and/or optical properties of the cured product and molded products containing the same. It is possible to do so.
- the resin include thermoplastic resins and curable resins.
- the curable resin may be a photocurable resin that is cured by irradiation with active energy rays, or a thermosetting resin that is cured by heat.
- thermoplastic resins examples include olefin resins such as polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, and polycycloolefin resins, (meth)acrylic resins such as poly(meth)acrylate resins, polystyrene resins, and styrene-acrylonitrile resins.
- olefin resins such as polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, and polycycloolefin resins
- (meth)acrylic resins such as poly(meth)acrylate resins, polystyrene resins, and styrene-acrylonitrile resins.
- Resin acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol resin, polyethylene
- polyester resins such as terephthalate resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, and liquid crystal polyester resin, polyacetal resin, polyamide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, and polyphenylene sulfide resin.
- One or more of these resins may be used as a polymer blend or polymer alloy.
- the curable resin examples include resins having a photopolymerizable group or a thermopolymerizable group, such as (meth)acrylic resins, epoxy resins, melamine resins, unsaturated polyester resins, phenolic resins, urea resins, and alkyd resins. , polyimide resin, etc.
- (meth)acrylic acid means acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid. The same applies to "(meth)acryloyl", "(meth)acrylate”, etc.
- the resin examples include alkali-soluble resins.
- the alkali-soluble resin refers to a resin that is soluble in an alkaline aqueous solution. Specifically, for example, there are resins having a carboxyl group and/or a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the acid value of the alkali-soluble resin is preferably 10 to 170 mgKOH/g, more preferably 20 to 150 mgKOH/g, and even more preferably 30 to 170 mgKOH/g, from the viewpoint of improving the developability and solvent resistance of the cured product of composition (I). It is 140mgKOH/g.
- the acid value is a value measured as the amount (mg) of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1 g of alkali-soluble resin, and can be determined, for example, by titration using an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
- the resin include high refractive index resins.
- the high refractive index resin refers to a resin having a refractive index of 1.60 or more at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the resin measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in terms of standard polystyrene is, for example, 1000 to 9000, preferably 2000 to 8500, and more preferably 3000 to 8500.
- reaction conditions such as selection of raw materials used, preparation method, reaction temperature and time can be appropriately combined and adjusted.
- composition (I) contains a resin
- the content of the resin in composition (I) is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass, based on the total solid content of composition (I). or more, preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less.
- composition (I) can contain one or more curable compounds other than compound (I).
- composition (I) contains a curable compound other than compound (I)
- the viscosity or curability of composition (I) can be adjusted, and the mechanical properties and properties of the resulting cured product and molded product containing it can be adjusted. /Or it is possible to adjust the optical properties.
- curable compounds other than compound (I) include episulfide compounds, epoxy compounds, oxetane compounds, hydroxy compounds, vinyl ether compounds, allyl compounds, thiol compounds, polyphenol compounds, and iso(thio)cyanate compounds other than compound (I). , (meth)acrylate compounds, and the like.
- composition (I) contains a curable compound other than compound (I)
- the content of the curable compound in composition (I) is preferably such that the content of the curable compound in composition (I) is based on the total solid content of composition (I).
- the content is 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more, and preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- Polymerization initiator Composition (I) can contain one or more types of polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it can initiate the polymerization of compound (I), and includes, for example, radical polymerization initiators, cationic polymerization initiators, anionic polymerization initiators, radical and cationic polymerization initiators, etc. and can be selected and used as appropriate.
- a radical polymerization initiator, a cationic polymerization initiator, and an anionic polymerization initiator each generate a radical, an acid, or a base by at least one of active energy ray irradiation and heat, and initiate radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, or Allow anionic polymerization to proceed.
- compound (I) can be polymerized and cured by at least one of active energy ray irradiation and heat even in the absence of a polymerization initiator.
- thermal radical polymerization initiators that initiate radical polymerization by heat include hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides such as perbenzoic acid, and azo compounds such as azobisbutyronitrile.
- photoradical polymerization initiator that initiates radical polymerization by irradiation with active energy rays include oxime compounds, alkylphenone compounds, aryl ketone compounds, biimidazole compounds, triazine compounds, and acylphosphine compounds.
- a cationic polymerization initiator is a compound that can release a substance that initiates cationic polymerization by at least one of active energy ray irradiation and heat.
- the cationic polymerization initiator include aromatic iodonium salts, aromatic sulfonium salts, aromatic ammonium salts, cyclopentadienyl iron (II) complexes, and the like.
- cationic polymerization can be initiated by irradiation with active energy rays and/or heat.
- a compound that can release a substance that initiates cationic polymerization when exposed to active energy rays is called a photocationic polymerization initiator, and a compound that can release a substance that initiates cationic polymerization when exposed to heat is called a thermal cationic polymerization initiator.
- An anionic polymerization initiator is a compound that can release a substance that initiates anionic polymerization by at least one of active energy ray irradiation and heat.
- anionic polymerization initiators include ammonium salts, DBU (diazabicycloundecenium) salts, DBN (diazabicyclononenium) salts, biguanidium salts, aromatic phosphonium salts, aromatic dimethylurea, aliphatic dimethylurea, etc. Can be mentioned.
- anionic polymerization can be initiated by irradiation with active energy rays and/or heat.
- a compound that can release a substance that initiates anionic polymerization when exposed to active energy rays is called a photoanionic polymerization initiator, and a compound that can release a substance that initiates anionic polymerization when exposed to heat is called a thermal anionic polymerization initiator.
- the composition (I) contains a polymerization initiator
- the composition (I) contains a thermal cationic polymerization initiator or a thermal anionic polymerization initiator. It is preferable to include a thermal anionic polymerization initiator, and it is more preferable to include a thermal anionic polymerization initiator.
- the content of the polymerization initiator in the composition (I) is based on 100 parts by mass of the compound (I) and other curable compounds. / Or from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance, preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, and from the viewpoint of improving physical properties such as mechanical properties of the cured product, preferably It is 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less.
- Solvent Composition (I) may contain one or more solvents.
- the solvent include ethers such as methyl methoxyacetate, ethyl methoxy acetate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
- ester solvents include ester solvents.
- the solvent is preferably one that can dissolve or disperse compound (I), and more preferably one that can further dissolve or disperse components other than compound (I).
- the solvent for example, the organic solvents listed above can be used.
- the content of the solvent in the composition (I) is the ratio of the total mass of all solvents contained in the composition (I) to the total amount of the composition (I).
- the content of the solvent in composition (I) is preferably 60 parts by mass or more, more preferably 80 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of solid content of composition (I). parts or more, and preferably 1000 parts by mass or less, more preferably 500 parts by mass or less.
- the solid content concentration of composition (I) is preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass.
- Polymerization inhibitor Composition (I) may contain one or more types of polymerization inhibitor.
- composition (I) contains a polymerization initiator, whether or not to include a polymerization inhibitor in composition (I) is preferably determined in consideration of the type of polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization inhibitor is preferably one that is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent.
- the polymerization inhibitor contained in the composition (I) may be a polymerization inhibitor contained in the composition (I) together with the compound (I) during the preparation of the composition (I), or may be a polymerization inhibitor contained in the composition (I) together with the compound (I) during the preparation of the composition (I).
- the polymerization inhibitor may be added in this step.
- Composition (I) contains a polymerization inhibitor, unintended polymerization of Compound (I) is suppressed, so that the storage stability of Composition (I) can be improved.
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor in the composition (I) is set to 100 parts by mass of the compound (I) from the viewpoint of improving the storage stability of the composition (I).
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor in the composition (I) is set to 100 parts by mass of the compound (I) from the viewpoint of improving the storage stability of the composition (I).
- composition (I) examples include those listed above as those that can be used in the second step during the production of compound (I), preferably carboxylic acid, and more preferably carboxylic acid. Preferred are formic acid and/or acetic acid.
- the present invention provides a cured product of compound (I) or composition (I), and a molded product containing the cured product. Since compound (I) and composition (I) have excellent film-forming properties and curability, they are suitable as curable materials for producing cured products or molded products containing the same.
- the cured product can be obtained by curing compound (I) or composition (I) using at least one of active energy ray irradiation and heat.
- the shape of the molded product containing the cured product is not particularly limited, and may include film (membrane), plate, lens, powder, granules, non-spherical particles, crushed particles, porous, continuous lumps, and fibers. The shape may be any shape depending on the purpose of the molded product, including shape, tubular shape, hollow fiber shape, etc.
- composition (I) and the molded product containing the cured product can exhibit a high refractive index because composition (I) contains compound (I). Moreover, the cured product of composition (I) and the molded product containing the cured product can exhibit excellent heat resistance.
- the method for obtaining a molded article from composition (I) is not particularly limited, and examples include a method of forming a film on a substrate and then molding by etching, etc., an injection molding method, a cast polymerization method, and the like.
- compound (I) or composition (I) is injected into a mold, defoamed as necessary, and then cured by heating in an oven, etc. Remove the molded product. The removed molded product may be further irradiated with active energy rays to additionally cure the molded product.
- a molded article that is a cured film can be obtained.
- the molded article may be a patterned cured film.
- a patterned cured film can be obtained by patterning by a method such as a photolithography method, an inkjet method, or a printing method.
- the patterning method is preferably a photolithography method.
- the photolithography method is a method of applying compound (I) or composition (I) to a substrate, drying as necessary to form a coating layer, exposing the coating layer to light through a photomask, and then developing it. It is.
- Substrates include glass plates such as quartz glass, borosilicate glass, alumina silicate glass, and soda lime glass whose surface is coated with silica, resin plates such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyethylene terephthalate, silicon, and the above substrates.
- resin plates such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyethylene terephthalate, silicon, and the above substrates.
- a material in which a thin film of aluminum, silver, silver/copper/palladium alloy, etc. is formed can be used.
- Examples of the method for applying compound (I) or composition (I) to a substrate include a spin coating method, a slit coating method, and a slit and spin coating method.
- the light source used for exposure is preferably a light source that generates light with a wavelength of 250 nm or more and 450 nm or less. For example, from the light of this wavelength, depending on the absorption wavelength of the photopolymerization initiator, light around 436 nm, around 408 nm, or around 365 nm may be selectively extracted using a bandpass filter.
- Specific examples of the light source include a mercury lamp, a light emitting diode, a metal halide lamp, and a halogen lamp. Heating (pre-development bake) may be performed after pattern exposure and before development.
- Examples of the developer used for development include aqueous solutions of alkaline compounds such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and organic solvents.
- alkaline compounds such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- organic solvents include ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, glymes, esters, aliphatic Examples include organic solvents such as nitriles, sulfoxides, and amides. Two or more types of solvents may be used in combination.
- the developer may contain a surfactant.
- the developing method may be any of the paddle method, dipping method, spray method, etc.
- the patterned film obtained by development may be further heated (post-baked).
- the cured product or the molded product containing the same is formed from the compound (I) or the composition (I) containing the same, it can exhibit a high refractive index; By adjusting the composition etc. of substance (I), the refractive index can be controlled to a desired value.
- the cured product or the molded product containing the same may have a refractive index of 1.65 or more, 1.68 or more, 1.70 or more, 1.72 or more, or even 1.75 or more at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the refractive index at a wavelength of 550 nm is, for example, 1.80 or less, and may be 1.78 or less.
- a cured product or molded product having a high refractive index, or a cured product or molded product having a desired refractive index can be obtained.
- Applications of the cured product or molded product include, for example, glass substitutes and their surface coating materials; coating materials for window glass, lighting glass, and light source protection glass for residences, facilities, transportation equipment, etc.; residences, facilities, transportation equipment, etc. Window films such as; interior and exterior materials and interior and exterior paints for houses, facilities, transportation equipment, etc., and coatings formed by such coatings; alkyd resin lacquer paints and coatings formed by such coatings; acrylic lacquer paints and coatings formed by such coatings.
- Coating film formed Materials for light sources that emit ultraviolet rays such as fluorescent lamps and mercury lamps; Materials for blocking electromagnetic waves, etc. generated from precision machinery, electronic and electrical equipment materials, and various displays; Containers or packaging for foods, chemicals, drugs, etc. Materials; Bottles, boxes, blisters, cups, special packaging, compact disk coatings, agricultural and industrial sheet or film materials; Anti-fading agents for printed matter, dyed products, dyes and pigments; For polymer supports (e.g.
- Print overcoats Inkjet media coatings; Laminated matte; Optical light films; Safety glass/windshield interlayers; Electrochromic/photochromic applications; Overlaminate films; Solar thermal control coatings; Cosmetics such as sunscreen creams, shampoos, conditioners, and hair conditioners; Textile products and fibers for clothing such as sportswear, stockings, and hats; Home interior products such as curtains, carpets, and wallpaper; Plastic lenses, contact lenses, and artificial eyes, etc.
- Optical products such as optical filters, backlight display films, prisms, lenses (e.g., eyeglass lenses, camera lenses, and microlenses and pickup lenses described below), mirrors, and photographic materials; mold films, transfer type Stationery such as stickers, anti-graffiti films, tapes, and inks; Sign boards, indicators, etc. and their surface coating materials; Substrates used in optical devices, etc.; Optical waveguides; Holograms; Various types of LED sealing members, semiconductor sealing members, etc. Examples include sealing members; various insulating members; and the like.
- the molded product is suitably used as a lens, which is an optical article used in optical equipment.
- optical devices include solid-state image sensors, display devices, and the like. Lenses are used in solid-state image sensors to improve the efficiency of light collection to each photoelectric conversion element, and lenses are used in display devices to improve the efficiency of light extraction from pixels.
- the lens may be a microlens.
- As a display device it is suitably used for a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, etc.
- Inorganic compounds such as zirconium oxide and titanium oxide are conventionally known as high refractive index materials.
- etching may be slow and molding may not be easy, and the high refractive index materials may scatter during molding, resulting in contamination. may occur.
- the above problems can be solved by using the high refractive index material of the present invention which is an organic compound.
- Compound (I) and composition (I) of the present invention can be applied to a sealing material.
- the sealing material of the present invention contains compound (I) or composition (I).
- the sealing material of the present invention can have excellent patterning properties.
- the sealing material of the present invention can form a cured product or a molded product thereof having a small coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE). Further, the sealing material of the present invention can form a cured product or a molded product thereof with low water absorption and high flexibility.
- the cured product or the molded product can be used as various sealing members such as LED sealing material members and semiconductor sealing members.
- the sealing member may be a sealing film.
- the sealing material of the present invention may contain compound (I) or composition (I) and other components.
- Other components include inorganic fillers and the like.
- the content of the inorganic filler is, for example, 0.5 parts by mass or more and 10,000 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of compound (I) or composition (I).
- Compound (I) and composition (I) of the present invention can be applied to insulating materials.
- the insulating material of the present invention contains compound (I) or composition (I).
- the insulating material of the present invention can have excellent patterning properties.
- the insulating material of the present invention can form a cured product or a molded product thereof having excellent dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent.
- the insulating material of the present invention can form a cured product or a molded product thereof having a small coefficient of linear thermal expansion (hereinafter also referred to as CTE).
- the cured product or the molded product can be used as various insulating members.
- the insulating member may be an interlayer insulating film.
- the insulating material of the present invention may contain compound (I) or composition (I) and other components.
- Other components include plasticizers, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, and the like.
- Example 1 Synthesis of compound represented by formula (Ib-1)]
- Synthesis of compound represented by formula (IVb-1) A four-neck flask equipped with a Dimroth condenser and a thermometer was set in a nitrogen atmosphere, and 30 parts of the compound represented by formula (IIb-1) (1,6-naphthalenedithiol), 165 parts of acetone, 45 parts of pure water, 139 parts of the compound represented by formula (III-1) (epichlorohydrin) were added to the flask and stirred for 15 minutes in an ice bath.
- Example 2 Synthesis of compound represented by formula (Ic-1)]
- Synthesis of compound represented by formula (IVc-1) A four-necked flask equipped with a Dimroth condenser and a thermometer was set in a nitrogen atmosphere, and 5 parts of the compound represented by formula (IIc-1) (2,6-naphthalenedithiol), 28 parts of acetone, and 7.5 parts of pure water were added. and 23 parts of the compound represented by formula (III-1) (epichlorohydrin) were added to the flask and stirred for 15 minutes in an ice bath.
- Example 4 Synthesis of compound represented by formula (Ia-1)]
- Synthesis of compound represented by formula (IVa-1) A four-necked flask equipped with a Dimroth condenser and a thermometer was set in a nitrogen atmosphere, and 5 parts of the compound represented by formula (IIa-1) (1,5-naphthalenedithiol), 28 parts of acetone, and 7.5 parts of pure water were added. and 23 parts of the compound represented by formula (III-1) (epichlorohydrin) were added to the flask and stirred for 15 minutes in an ice bath.
- Example 7 Preparation of composition
- 100 parts by mass of the compound represented by formula (Ib-1) obtained in Example 1, 5 parts by mass of polymerization initiator A, and 310 parts by mass of cyclopentanone as a solvent were placed in a flask and stirred to form a liquid.
- a composition was obtained.
- Visual inspection of the composition revealed that it was transparent and that the ingredients were uniformly dissolved.
- Examples 8 to 11, Examples 14 to 42, Comparative Examples 1 to 5 A liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the types of ingredients and the amounts added in the composition were as shown in Table 1.
- the compositions of Examples 8 to 11, Examples 14 to 34, and Comparative Examples 1 and 3 were transparent when visually observed, and it was confirmed that the ingredients were uniformly dissolved.
- the compositions of Comparative Examples 2, 4, and 5 were visually observed, they were cloudy, and it was confirmed that the ingredients were not uniformly dissolved.
- Example 12 In this example, a liquid composition (containing only the compound represented by formula (Ib-1)) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that no polymerization initiator was used. When visually inspected, it was clear and it was confirmed that the ingredients were uniformly dissolved.
- Example 13 In this example, in addition to the polymerization initiator shown in Table 1, Example 7 was used except that 0.5 parts by mass of a sensitizer ("Anthracure UVS-1331" manufactured by Air Water Performance Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added. A liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as above. When visually inspected, it was clear and it was confirmed that the ingredients were uniformly dissolved.
- a sensitizer (Anthracure UVS-1331" manufactured by Air Water Performance Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added.
- a liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as above. When visually inspected, it was clear and it was confirmed that the ingredients were uniformly dissolved.
- the alkali-free glass plate on which the exposed coating layer was formed was post-baked and heated at 120° C. for 5 minutes to obtain an alkali-free glass on which a cured film was formed.
- the thickness of the cured film on the alkali-free glass was measured using a stylus-type film thickness meter (DekTak XT, manufactured by Bruker) and found to be 1.5 ⁇ m. Table 1 summarizes the curing conditions for the coating layer.
- the alkali-free glass plate on which the coating layer was formed was post-baked and heated under curing conditions at 120° C. for 5 minutes to obtain an alkali-free glass on which a cured film was formed.
- the thickness of the cured film on the alkali-free glass was measured using a stylus-type film thickness meter (DekTak XT, manufactured by Bruker) and found to be 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the alkali-free glass plate on which the coating layer was formed was post-baked and heated under curing conditions at 120° C. for 5 minutes to obtain an alkali-free glass on which a cured film was formed.
- the thickness of the cured film on the alkali-free glass was measured using a stylus-type film thickness meter (DekTak XT, manufactured by Bruker) and found to be 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the refractive index of the cured film was calculated based on Fresnel's formula (Hecto Optics I original 5th edition, Maruzen Publishing, 2018, p. 209-p. 226). Table 1 shows the results for Examples 7 to 42 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- compositions prepared in Examples 7 to 42 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were applied by the following method. A layer was formed and the film formability was evaluated. Approximately 3 cc of the composition was dropped onto non-alkali glass (Eagle , a coating layer was formed. Next, the alkali-free glass plate on which the coating layer was formed was heated at 60° C. for 2 minutes.
- a hole defect refers to a state in which a hole-like exposed portion of the alkali-free glass plate with a diameter of 1 mm or more is formed in the coating layer. If the result is A, the film formability is good.
- composition containing the compound synthesized in Example 5 100 parts by mass of the compound represented by formula (Id-2) obtained in Example 5, 5 parts by mass of polymerization initiator A, and as a solvent 310 parts by mass of cyclopentanone was placed in a flask and stirred to obtain a liquid composition.
- Visual inspection of the composition revealed that it was transparent and that the ingredients were uniformly dissolved.
- Approximately 3 cc of this composition was dropped onto non-alkali glass (Eagle A coating layer was formed.
- the alkali-free glass plate on which the coating layer was formed was heated at 60° C. for 2 minutes. When the obtained coating layer was observed, it was confirmed that it was colorless and transparent, and had neither pitting defects nor cloudiness.
- (2-3) Composition containing the compound synthesized in Example 6 100 parts by mass of the compound represented by formula (Id-3) obtained in Example 6, 5 parts by mass of polymerization initiator A, and as a solvent 310 parts by mass of cyclopentanone was placed in a flask and stirred to obtain a liquid composition. Visual inspection of the composition revealed that it was transparent and that the ingredients were uniformly dissolved. Approximately 3 cc of this composition was dropped onto non-alkali glass (Eagle A coating layer was formed. The alkali-free glass plate on which the coating layer was formed was heated at 60° C. for 2 minutes. When the obtained coating layer was observed, it was confirmed that it was colorless and transparent, and had neither pitting defects nor cloudiness.
- A No change in appearance, film thickness retention rate of 100% or less, 90% or more
- B No change in appearance, film thickness retention rate, less than 90%
- C No change in appearance, film thickness retention rate of 80% Less than
- D The cured film became cloudy after immersion, regardless of the film thickness retention rate.
- a four-necked flask equipped with a Dimroth condenser and a thermometer was set in a nitrogen atmosphere, and a compound represented by formula (X1-1) (naphthol-cresol novolac type epoxy resin "NC-7000L” manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) was added.
- a compound represented by formula (X1-1) (naphthol-cresol novolac type epoxy resin "NC-7000L” manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) was added.
- 320 parts of dichloromethane, 80 parts of methanol, and 33 parts of thiourea were added to the flask and stirred at room temperature for 72 hours.
- the resulting mixture was purified to obtain 14 parts of a compound represented by formula (X-1).
- the ratio of the number of sulfur atoms A' to the total number of A's was determined, and the average value was 1.0. Furthermore, the weight average molecular weight Mw of the compound represented by formula (X-1) was 1500, and the number average molecular weight was 600, as determined by GPC measurement. GPC measurements were performed under the following conditions.
- a film for measuring physical properties (cured product for measuring physical properties) was produced according to the following.
- composition for measuring physical properties-2 50 parts by mass of the compound represented by formula (Ib-1), 50 parts by mass of the compound represented by formula (X-1), polymerization initiator (ammonium salt type thermal cation polymerization initiator (manufactured by KING INDUSTRIES INC.) 1 part by mass of "CXC-1821" and 50 parts by mass of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate as a solvent were placed in a flask and stirred to obtain a liquid composition. When the composition was visually inspected, it was transparent and the ingredients were uniform. It was confirmed that it was dissolved in This composition was dropped onto a polyimide film and applied with an applicator to form a coating layer. The film on which the coating layer was formed was heated at 120° C. for 30 minutes. After heating, the thickness of the obtained film (film for measuring physical properties-2) was 150 ⁇ m.
- CTE Coefficient of linear thermal expansion
- Dielectric loss tangent (Df) and relative permittivity (Dk) A measurement sample of 50 mm x 50 mm was cut out from the film-1 for measuring physical properties or the film-2 for measuring physical properties obtained above, and Df and Dk were measured under the following conditions. Measurements were performed after conditioning the samples for 24 hours at 25° C./55% RH. The results are shown in Table 4.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕 式(I)で表される化合物。
[式(I)中、
Lは2価の基を表し、複数あるLは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
mは0又は1を表し、複数あるmは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
nは0~6のいずれかの整数を表す。
Rは1価の置換基を表し、Rが複数ある場合、複数のRは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
R2は水素原子又は1価の置換基を表し、複数あるR2は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。]
〔2〕 すべてのLがアルカンジイル基である〔1〕に記載の化合物。
〔3〕 すべてのmが0である〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の化合物。
〔4〕 〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載の化合物を含む組成物。
〔5〕 重合開始剤をさらに含む、〔4〕に記載の組成物。
〔6〕 前記重合開始剤が熱カチオン重合開始剤又は熱アニオン重合開始剤である、〔5〕に記載の組成物。
〔7〕 重合抑制剤をさらに含む、〔4〕~〔6〕のいずれかに記載の組成物。
〔8〕 〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載の化合物又は〔4〕~〔7〕のいずれかに記載の組成物の硬化物。
〔9〕 〔8〕に記載の硬化物を含む表示装置。
〔10〕 〔8〕に記載の硬化物を含む固体撮像素子。
〔11〕 〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載の化合物又は〔4〕~〔7〕のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む封止材料。
〔12〕 〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載の化合物又は〔4〕~〔7〕のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む絶縁材料。
〔13〕 〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載の化合物の製造方法であって、
第1工程及び第2工程を含む、製造方法。
第1工程:式(II)
[式(II)中、n及びRは前記と同じ意味を表す。]
で表される化合物と、式(III)
[式(III)中、R2、L及びmは前記と同じ意味を表し、Xは脱離基を表す。]
で表される化合物とを反応させることにより、式(IV)
[式(IV)中、n、R、R2、L及びmは前記と同じ意味を表す。]
で表される化合物を得る工程;
第2工程:前記式(IV)で表される化合物と硫化剤との反応により、前記式(I)で表される化合物を得る工程
本発明に係る化合物は、式(I)で表される化合物(以下、「化合物(I)」ともいう)である。化合物(I)は、高い屈折率を示す硬化物を与えることができ、また、優れた成膜性及び硬化性を示すことができる。また、化合物(I)は、優れた保管安定性を示し得る。
[式(I)中、
Lは2価の基を表し、複数あるLは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
mは0又は1を表し、複数あるmは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
nは0~6のいずれかの整数を表す。
Rは1価の置換基を表し、Rが複数ある場合、複数のRは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
R2は水素原子又は1価の置換基を表し、複数あるR2は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。]
がいずれもナフタレン環の1~4位の任意の位置に結合しているか、若しくはいずれも5~8位の任意の位置に結合していてもよいこと、又は、一方の基がナフタレン環の1~4位の任意の位置に結合し、かつ他方の基がナフタレン環の5~8位の任意の位置に結合していてもよいことを表す。また、式(I)は、Rで表される1以上の1価の置換基を有する場合、該1以上の1価の置換基が、上記式で表される基が結合している位置を除くナフタレン環の1~8位の任意の位置に結合していてもよいことを表す。後述する式(Ia)、式(Ib)、式(Ic)、式(Id)、式(1e)、式(II)及び式(IV)についても同様である。
2価の炭化水素基に含まれる-CH2-は、-O-、-S-、-NR1A-(R1Aは水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す)、-CO-、-SO2-で置換されていてもよい。
nは、0~6のいずれかの整数であり、好ましくは0~4のいずれかの整数であり、より好ましくは0~2のいずれかの整数であり、さらに好ましくは0又は1であり、特に好ましくは0である。
nは、0~6のいずれかの整数であり、好ましくは0~4のいずれかの整数であり、より好ましくは0~2のいずれかの整数であり、さらに好ましくは0又は1であり、特に好ましくは0である。
化合物(I)は、下記に示す第1工程及び第2工程を含む方法によって製造することができる。
第1工程:式(II)
[式(II)中、n及びRは前記と同じ意味を表す。]
で表される化合物と、式(III)
[式(III)中、R2、L及びmは前記と同じ意味を表し、Xは脱離基を表す。]
で表される化合物とを反応させることにより、式(IV)
[式(IV)中、n、R、R2、L及びmは前記と同じ意味を表す。]
で表される化合物を得る工程;
第2工程:前記式(IV)で表される化合物と硫化剤との反応により、前記式(I)で表される化合物を得る工程
芳香族炭化水素類:ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、ナフタレン、アニソール、ニトロベンゼン、アニリン、テトラリン、デュレン等
ハロゲン化芳香族炭化水素:クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、クロロナフタレン等
脂肪族炭化水素:ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン等
ハロゲン化脂肪族炭化水素類:ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、1,2-ジクロロエタン、テトラクロロエタン等
エーテル類:ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、メチルt-ブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、ジフェニルエーテル、ジメトキシエタン、ジオキサン等
アルコール類:メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、t-ブタノール、ヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール等
グライム類:メチルジグライム、エチルジグライム、トリグライム、ジエチレングリコールブチルメチルエーテル等
エステル類:酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸ブチル等
脂肪族ニトリル類:アセトニトリル等
スルホキシド類:ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等
アミド類:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドン等。
硝酸、塩酸、過塩素酸、次亜塩素酸、二酸化塩素、フッ酸、硫酸、発煙硫酸、塩化スルフリル、ホウ酸、ヒ酸、亜ヒ酸、ピロヒ酸、燐酸、亜リン酸、次亜リン酸、オキシ塩化リン、オキシ臭化リン、硫化リン、三塩化リン、三臭化リン、五塩化リン、青酸、クロム酸、無水硝酸、無水硫酸、酸化ホウ素、五酸化ヒ酸、五酸化燐、無水クロム酸、シリカ、アルミナ、塩化アルミニウム、塩化亜鉛、リン酸水素リチウム、リン酸水素ナトリウム、リン酸水素カリウム、リン酸水素セシウム、リン酸二水素リチウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム、リン酸二水素セシウム等の無機の酸性化合物、
蟻酸、酢酸、過酢酸、チオ酢酸、蓚酸、酒石酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、コハク酸、吉草酸、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、ナフテン酸、メチルメルカプトプロピオネート、マロン酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸、チオジプロピオン酸、ジチオジプロピオン酸酢酸、マレイン酸、安息香酸、フェニル酢酸、o-トルイル酸、m-トルイル酸、p-トルイル酸、サリチル酸、2-メトキシ安息香酸、3-メトキシ安息香酸、ベンゾイル安息香酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、サリチル酸、ベンジル酸、α-ナフタレンカルボン酸、β-ナフタレンカルボン酸、無水酢酸、無水プロピオン酸、無水酪酸、無水コハク酸、無水マレイン酸、無水安息香酸、無水フタル酸、無水ピロメリット酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水トリフルオロ酢酸等の有機カルボン酸類、
モノ、ジ及びトリメチルホスフェート、モノ、ジ及びトリエチルホスフェート、モノ、ジ及びトリイソブチルホスフェート、モノ、ジ及びトリブチルホスフェート、モノ、ジ及びトリラウリルホスフェート等のリン酸類及びこれらのホスフェート部分がホスファイトとなった亜リン酸類、
ジメチルジチオリン酸に代表されるジアルキルジチオリン酸類等の有機リン化合物、
フェノール、カテコール、t-ブチルカテコール、2,6-ジ-t-ブチルクレゾール、2,6-ジ-t-ブチルエチルフェノール、レゾルシン、ハイドロキノン、フロログルシン、ピロガロール、クレゾール、エチルフェノール、ブチルフェノール、ノニルフェノール、ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸、ヒドロキシフェニルプロピオン酸、ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸アミド、ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸メチル、ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸エチル、ヒドロキシフェネチルアルコール、ヒドロキシフェネチルアミン、ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒド、フェニルフェノール、ビスフェノール-A、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、ビスフェノール-F、ビスフェノール-S、α-ナフトール、β-ナフトール、アミノフェノール、クロロフェノール、2,4,6-トリクロロフェノール等のフェノール類、
メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、ブタンスルホン酸、ドデカンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、o-トルエンスルホン酸、m-トルエンスルホン酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸、エチルベンゼンスルホン酸、ブチルベンゼンスルホン酸、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸、p-フェノールスルホン酸、o-クレゾールスルホン酸、メタニル酸、スルファニル酸、4B-酸、ジアミノスチルベンスルホン酸、ビフェニルスルホン酸、α-ナフタレンスルホン酸、β-ナフタレンスルホン酸、ペリ酸、ローレント酸、フェニルJ酸等のスルホン酸類
等が挙げられ、複数を併用することも可能である。
使用する重合抑制剤の量は、化合物(IV)の1モルに対して、例えば0.0001~1.0モルであり、好ましくは0.01~0.2モルである。重合抑制剤としては酢酸、無水酢酸、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、リン酸、リン酸水素アルカリ金属塩、リン酸二水素アルカリ金属塩が好ましい。
本発明に係る組成物(以下、「組成物(I)」ともいう)は、化合物(I)を含み、通常は化合物(I)と、化合物(I)以外の他の成分とを含む。組成物(I)は、化合物(I)を2種以上含んでいてもよい。組成物(I)は、化合物(I)が硬化性しやすいため活性エネルギー線照射又は加熱により硬化することができる。組成物(I)を硬化させることにより、組成物(I)の硬化物を含む成形物を形成することができる。上記硬化物を含む成形物とは、上記硬化物を含む物であって、所望の形状に成形された物をいう。
組成物(I)は、1種又は2種以上の樹脂を含むことができる。組成物(I)が樹脂を含むことにより、組成物(I)の硬化物に現像性を付与したり、該硬化物及びそれを含む成形物の機械的特性及び/又は光学特性を調整したりすることが可能である。樹脂としては、熱可塑性樹脂及び硬化性樹脂が挙げられる。硬化性樹脂は、活性エネルギー線照射により硬化する光硬化性樹脂であってもよいし、熱により硬化する熱硬化性樹脂であってもよい。
組成物(I)は、化合物(I)以外の硬化性化合物を1種又は2種以上含むことができる。組成物(I)が化合物(I)以外の硬化性化合物を含むことにより、組成物(I)の粘度又は硬化性を調整したり、得られる硬化物及びそれを含む成形物の機械的特性及び/又は光学特性を調整したりすることが可能である。
組成物(I)は、1種又は2種以上の重合開始剤を含むことができる。重合開始剤としては、化合物(I)の重合を開始できるものであれば特に制限されず、例えば、ラジカル重合開始剤、カチオン重合開始剤、アニオン重合開始剤、ラジカル及びカチオン重合開始剤等が挙げられ、適宜選択して用いられる。ラジカル重合開始剤、カチオン重合開始剤、アニオン重合開始剤は、活性エネルギー線照射及び熱の少なくとも1種により、それぞれ、ラジカル、酸又は塩基を発生し、化合物(I)のラジカル重合、カチオン重合又はアニオン重合を進行させる。なお、化合物(I)は、重合開始剤の不存在下でも、活性エネルギー線照射及び熱の少なくとも1種により重合硬化し得る。
組成物(I)は、1種又は2種以上の溶剤を含んでいてもよい。溶剤としては、前記で記載した溶媒に加えて、メトキシ酢酸メチル、メトキシ酢酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、及びエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等のエーテルエステル溶剤が挙げられる。
溶剤は、好ましくは、化合物(I)を溶解又は分散させることができるものであり、より好ましくは、さらに化合物(I)以外の他の成分を溶解又は分散させることができるものである。溶剤としては、例えば、上で例示した有機溶媒を用いることができる。
組成物(I)は、1種又は2種以上の重合抑制剤を含んでいてもよい。重合抑制剤を組成物(I)に含有させるか否かは、組成物(I)が重合開始剤を含む場合、その重合開始剤の種類を考慮して決定することが好ましい。重合抑制剤は、好ましくは溶剤に溶解又は分散されるものである。組成物(I)に含有される重合抑制剤は、組成物(I)の調製時に化合物(I)とともに組成物(I)に含有させる重合抑制剤であってもよいし、化合物(I)の製造時の第2工程において重合抑制剤を添加する場合には、該工程において添加する重合抑制剤であってもよい。組成物(I)が重合抑制剤を含むことにより、化合物(I)の意図しない重合が抑制されるため、組成物(I)の保管安定性を向上させることができる。
本発明は、化合物(I)又は組成物(I)の硬化物、及び該硬化物を含む成形物を提供する。化合物(I)及び組成物(I)は成膜性及び硬化性に優れているため、硬化物又はそれを含む成形物を作製するための硬化性材料として好適である。該硬化物は、活性エネルギー線照射及び熱の少なくともいずれかにより化合物(I)又は組成物(I)を硬化させることにより得ることができる。該硬化物を含む成形物の形状は特に制限されず、フィルム(膜)状、板状、レンズ形状、粉状、粒状、非球粒子状、破砕粒子状、多孔質状、塊状連続体、繊維状、管状、中空糸状等を含む、成形物の用途等に応じた任意の形状であってよい。
本発明によると高屈折率を有する硬化物若しくは成形物、又は所望の屈折率を有する硬化物又は成形物を得ることができる。該硬化物又は成形物の用途としては、例えば、ガラス代替品とその表面コーティング材;住居、施設、輸送機器等の窓ガラス、採光ガラス及び光源保護ガラス用のコーティング材;住居、施設、輸送機器等のウインドウフィルム;住居、施設、輸送機器等の内外装材及び内外装用塗料及び該塗料によって形成させる塗膜;アルキド樹脂ラッカー塗料及び該塗料によって形成される塗膜;アクリルラッカー塗料及び該塗料によって形成される塗膜;蛍光灯、水銀灯等の紫外線を発する光源用部材;精密機械、電子電気機器用部材、各種ディスプレイから発生する電磁波等の遮断用材;食品、化学品、薬品等の容器又は包装材;ボトル、ボックス、ブリスター、カップ、特殊包装用、コンパクトディスクコート、農工業用シート又はフィルム材;印刷物、染色物、染顔料等の退色防止剤;ポリマー支持体用(例えば、機械及び自動車部品のようなプラスチック製部品用)の保護膜;印刷物オーバーコート;インクジェット媒体被膜;積層艶消し;オプティカルライトフィルム;安全ガラス/フロントガラス中間層;エレクトロクロミック/フォトクロミック用途;オーバーラミネートフィルム;太陽熱制御膜;日焼け止めクリーム、シャンプー、リンス、整髪料等の化粧品;スポーツウェア、ストッキング、帽子等の衣料用繊維製品及び繊維;カーテン、絨毯、壁紙等の家庭用内装品;プラスチックレンズ、コンタクトレンズ、義眼等の医療用器具;光学フィルタ、バックライトディスプレーフィルム、プリズム、レンズ(例えば、眼鏡レンズ、カメラレンズ、及び後述するマイクロレンズ、ピックアップレンズ等)、鏡、写真材料等の光学用品;金型膜、転写式ステッカー、落書き防止膜、テープ、インク等の文房具;標示板、標示器等とその表面コーティング材;光学装置等に用いられる基板;光導波路;ホログラム;LED封止部材、半導体封止部材等の各種封止部材;各種絶縁部材;等を挙げることができる。
(1)式(IVb-1)で表される化合物の合成
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IIb-1)で表される化合物(1,6-ナフタレンジチオール)30部、アセトン165部、純水45部、及び式(III-1)で表される化合物(エピクロロヒドリン)139部を上記フラスコに加えて氷浴中で15分撹拌した。続いて、別のフラスコに水酸化ナトリウム15部、アセトン66部、及び純水203部を加えて完溶させたのちに、上記4つ口フラスコに1時間かけて滴下した。滴下したのちに30℃まで昇温し、30℃で2時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(IVb-1)で表される化合物46部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:8.37~8.39(1H)、7.85(1H)、7.39~7.70(4H)、3.08~3.29(5H)、2.94~2.98(1H)、2.57~2.81(3H)、2.39~2.41(1H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=305.5
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IVb-1)で表される化合物3部、メタノール30部、トルエン30部、無水酢酸0.05部、及びチオ尿素3.8部を上記フラスコに加えて室温下で24時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(Ib-1)で表される化合物2.5部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:8.39~8.43(1H)、7.86(1H)、7.40~7.74(4H)、3.40~3.53(2H)、3.04~3.18(2H)、2.78~2.96(2H)、2.47~2.49(1H)、2.35~2.36(1H)、2.14~2.16(1H)、1.93~1.94(1H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=337.5
(1)式(IVc-1)で表される化合物の合成
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IIc-1)で表される化合物(2,6-ナフタレンジチオール)5部、アセトン28部、純水7.5部、及び式(III-1)で表される化合物(エピクロロヒドリン)23部を上記フラスコに加えて氷浴中で15分撹拌した。続いて、別のフラスコに水酸化ナトリウム2.5部、アセトン11部、及び純水34部を加えて完溶させたのちに、上記4つ口フラスコに1時間かけて滴下した。滴下したのちにオイルバスで65℃まで昇温し、65℃で1時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(IVc-1)で表される化合物7.5部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:7.81(2H)、7.67~7.69(2H)、7.47~7.50(2H)、3.20~3.27(4H)、3.02~3.09(2H)、2.77~2.80(2H)、2.55~2.57(2H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=305.5
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IVc-1)で表される化合物5部、メタノール80部、ジクロロメタン20部、及びチオ尿素6.3部を上記フラスコに加えて室温下で24時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(Ic-1)で表される化合物3.4部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:7.84~7.85(2H)、7.68~7.71(2H)、7.49~7.52(2H)、3.51~3.56(2H)、3.13~3.17(2H)、2.89~2.95(2H)、2.48~2.50(2H)、2.13~2.15(2H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=337.5
(1)式(IVd-1)で表される化合物の合成
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IId-1)で表される化合物(2,7-ナフタレンジチオール)15部、アセトン83部、純水23部、及び式(III-1)で表される化合物(エピクロロヒドリン)69部を上記フラスコに加えて氷浴中で15分撹拌した。続いて、別のフラスコに水酸化ナトリウム7.5部、アセトン33部、及び純水101部を加えて完溶させたのちに、上記4つ口フラスコに1時間かけて滴下した。滴下したのちにオイルバスで65℃まで昇温し、65℃で1時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(IVd-1)で表される化合物24部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:7.70~7.76(4H)、7.43~7.45(2H)、3.21~3.27(4H)、3.05~3.11(2H)、2.78~2.80(2H)、2.57~2.58(2H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=305.5
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IVd-1)で表される化合物20部、メタノール320部、ジクロロメタン80部、及びチオ尿素25部を上記フラスコに加えて室温下で24時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(Id-1)で表される化合物18.1部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:7.73~7.79(4H)、7.46~7.48(2H)、3.52~3.57(2H)、3.14~3.18(2H)、2.90~2.96(2H)、2.49~2.51(2H)、2.15~2.17(2H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=337.5
(1)式(IVa-1)で表される化合物の合成
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IIa-1)で表される化合物(1,5-ナフタレンジチオール)5部、アセトン28部、純水7.5部、及び式(III-1)で表される化合物(エピクロロヒドリン)23部を上記フラスコに加えて氷浴中で15分撹拌した。続いて、別のフラスコに水酸化ナトリウム2.5部、アセトン11部、及び純水34部を加えて完溶させたのちに、上記4つ口フラスコに1時間かけて滴下した。滴下したのちにオイルバスで65℃まで昇温し、65℃で1時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(IVa-1)で表される化合物7.8部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:8.45~8.47(2H)、7.75~7.77(2H)、7.48~7.52(2H)、3.14~3.22(4H)、2.94~3.02(2H)、2.69~2.72(2H)、2.39~2.42(2H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=305.5
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IVa-1)で表される化合物6部、メタノール96部、ジクロロメタン24部、及びチオ尿素7.5部を上記フラスコに加えて室温下で24時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(Ia-1)で表される化合物5.9部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:8.51~8.53(2H)、7.80~7.82(2H)、7.50~7.54(2H)、3.43~3.48(2H)、3.05~3.10(2H)、2.81~2.87(2H)、2.36~2.39(2H)、1.94~1.96(2H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=337.5
(1)式(IVd-2)で表される化合物の合成
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IId-1)で表される化合物(2,7-ナフタレンジチオール)5部、アセトン28部、純水7.5部、及び式(III-2)で表される化合物(2-(クロロメチル)-1,2-エポキシプロパン)27部を上記フラスコに加えて氷浴中で15分撹拌した。続いて、別のフラスコに水酸化ナトリウム2.5部、アセトン11部、及び純水34部を加えて完溶させたのちに、上記4つ口フラスコに1時間かけて滴下した。滴下したのちにオイルバスで65℃まで昇温し、65℃で1時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(IVd-2)で表される化合物8.3部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:7.68~7.71(4H)、7.40~7.43(2H)、3.11~3.26(4H)、2.61~2.75(4H)、1.47~1.49(6H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=333.5)
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IVd-2)で表される化合物8部、メタノール128部、ジクロロメタン32部、及びチオ尿素9.2部を上記フラスコに加えて室温下で24時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(Id-2)で表される化合物8.1部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:7.69~7.74(4H)、7.41~7.44(2H)、3.49~3.53(2H)、3.24~3.27(2H)、2.32~2.34(4H)、1.75(6H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=365.5
(1)式(IVd-3)で表される化合物の合成
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IId-1)で表される化合物(2,7-ナフタレンジチオール)1.5部、アセトン8.3部、純水2.3部、及び式(III-3)で表される化合物(2-(クロロメチル)-1,2-エポキシブタン)4.5部を上記フラスコに加えて氷浴中で15分撹拌した。続いて、別のフラスコに水酸化ナトリウム0.75部、アセトン3.3部、及び純水10.1部を加えて完溶させたのちに、上記4つ口フラスコに1時間かけて滴下した。滴下したのちにオイルバスで65℃まで昇温し、65℃で1時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(IVd-3)で表される化合物2.5部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:7.66~7.69(4H)、7.39~7.41(2H)、3.27~3.36(2H)、3.13~3.16(2H)、2.63~2.69(4H)、1.76~1.84(4H)、0.93~0.98(6H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=361.5
ジムロート冷却管及び温度計を設置した4つ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気とし、式(IVd-3)で表される化合物2.5部、メタノール39部、ジクロロメタン10部、及びチオ尿素2.6部を上記フラスコに加えて室温下で24時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を精製し、式(Id-3)で表される化合物2.1部を得た。
1H-NMR(重クロロホルム)δ:7.67~7.73(4H)、7.41~7.44(2H)、3.60~3.64(2H)、3.11~3.17(2H)、2.41~2.43(2H)、2.31~2.32(4H)、1.48~1.57(2H)、1.03~1.06(6H)
LC-MS;[M+H]+=393.8
実施例1で得られた式(Ib-1)で表される化合物100質量部、重合開始剤A 5質量部、及び溶剤としてのシクロペンタノン310質量部をフラスコに入れ、攪拌して液状の組成物を得た。組成物を目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。
組成物における配合成分の種類及びそれらの添加量を表1に示すとおりとしたこと以外は、実施例7と同様にして液状の組成物を得た。実施例8~11、実施例14~34、及び比較例1、3の組成物は、目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。比較例2、4、5の組成物は、目視したところ白濁しており、配合成分が均一に溶解されていないことが確認された。
本実施例では、重合開始剤を使用しないこと以外は実施例7と同様にして液状の組成物(式(Ib-1)で表される化合物のみを含有する)を得た。目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。
本実施例では、表1に示す重合開始剤に加え、増感剤(エア・ウォーター・パフォーマンスケミカル株式会社製「アントラキュアー UVS-1331」)を0.5質量部添加したこと以外は実施例7と同様にして液状の組成物を得た。目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。
〔1〕(Ia-1):式(Ia-1)で表される化合物
〔2〕(Ib-1):式(Ib-1)で表される化合物
〔3〕(Ic-1):式(Ic-1)で表される化合物
〔4〕(Id-1):式(Id-1)で表される化合物
〔5〕(Y1):式(Y1)で表される化合物(1,6-ビス(グリシジルオキシ)ナフタレン、DIC株式会社製「EPICLON HP-4032D」)
〔6〕(Y2):式(Y2)で表される化合物(ポリ(1-ビニルナフタレン)、シグマアルドリッチ社製)
〔7〕(Y3):式(Y3)で表される化合物(ビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル、DIC社製「EPICLON EXA-850CRP」)
〔8〕(Y4):式(Y4)で表される化合物(2,2’-ジグリシジルオキシ-1,1’-ビナフタレン、スガイ化学工業株式会社製「DGOBINL」)
〔9〕(Y5):式(Y5)で表される化合物(9-ビニルカルバゾール、TCI社製)
〔10〕重合開始剤A:スルホニウム塩タイプの光カチオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製「VC-1S」)
〔11〕重合開始剤B:スルホニウム塩タイプの光カチオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製「VC-1FG」)
〔12〕重合開始剤C:ビグアニジウム塩タイプの光アニオン重合開始剤(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製「WPBG-300」)
〔13〕重合開始剤D:スルホニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(三新化学工業株式会社製「SI-110」)
〔14〕重合開始剤E:スルホニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(三新化学工業株式会社製「SI-360」)
〔15〕重合開始剤F:スルホニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(三新化学工業株式会社製「SI-300」)
〔16〕重合開始剤G:スルホニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製「TA-100」)
〔17〕重合開始剤H:スルホニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製「TA-100FG」)
〔18〕重合開始剤I:アンモニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(KING INDUSTRIES INC.製「CXC-1821」)
〔19〕重合開始剤J:アンモニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(KING INDUSTRIES INC.製「CXC-1614」)
〔20〕重合開始剤K:アンモニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(KING INDUSTRIES INC.製「CXC-2689」)
〔21〕重合開始剤L:DBU(ジアザビシクロウンデセニウム)塩タイプの熱アニオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製「U-CAT SA603」)
〔22〕重合開始剤M:DBU塩タイプの熱アニオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製「U-CAT SA102」)
〔23〕重合開始剤N:DBU塩タイプの熱アニオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製「U-CAT 5002」)
〔24〕重合開始剤O:DBN(ジアザビシクロノネニウム)塩タイプの熱アニオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製「U-CAT 1102」)
〔25〕重合開始剤P:アンモニウム塩タイプの熱アニオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製「U-CAT 18X」)
〔26〕重合抑制剤:蟻酸
(1)硬化物の屈折率
(1-1)硬化膜の形成1(実施例7~11、実施例13、比較例1、比較例3~5の組成物を用いた硬化膜の形成)
上記で調製した組成物を、無アルカリガラス(Eagle XG 厚み0.7mm、コーニング社製)上に約3cc滴下し、1000rpm、20秒の条件でスピンコーター(MS-B100、ミカサ製)を用いてスピンコートして、塗布層を形成した。塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板をプリベークとして60℃で2分間加熱した。次に、塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板に高圧水銀灯プロキシミティUV露光装置(UV-3300SC、ウシオ製)を用いて大気雰囲気中、1000mJ/cm2の照射エネルギーで露光した。続いて、露光後の塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板をポストベークとして120℃で5分間加熱して、硬化膜が形成された無アルカリガラスを得た。触針式膜厚計(DekTak XT、Bruker製)で無アルカリガラス上の硬化膜の膜厚を測定したところ1.5μmであった。塗布層の硬化条件を表1にまとめた。
上記で調製した組成物を、無アルカリガラス(Eagle XG 厚み0.7mm、コーニング社製)上に約3cc滴下し、1000rpm、20秒の条件でスピンコーター(MS-B100、ミカサ製)を用いてスピンコートして、塗布層を形成した。塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板をプリベークとして60℃で2分間加熱した。次に、塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板をポストベークとして表1に記載の硬化条件で加熱して、硬化膜が形成された無アルカリガラスを得た。触針式膜厚計(DekTak XT、Bruker製)で無アルカリガラス上の硬化膜の膜厚を測定したところ1.5μmであった。
実施例5で得られた式(Id-2)で表される化合物100質量部、重合開始剤A 5質量部、及び溶剤としてのシクロペンタノン310質量部をフラスコに入れ、攪拌して液状の組成物を得た。組成物を目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。この組成物を、無アルカリガラス(Eagle XG 厚み0.7mm、コーニング社製)上に約3cc滴下し、1000rpm、20秒の条件でスピンコーター(MS-B100、ミカサ製)を用いてスピンコートして、塗布層を形成した。塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板をプリベークとして60℃で2分間加熱した。次に、塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板をポストベークとして120℃5分の硬化条件で加熱して、硬化膜が形成された無アルカリガラスを得た。触針式膜厚計(DekTak XT、Bruker製)で無アルカリガラス上の硬化膜の膜厚を測定したところ1.5μmであった。
実施例6で得られた式(Id-3)で表される化合物100質量部、重合開始剤A 5質量部、及び溶剤としてのシクロペンタノン310質量部をフラスコに入れ、攪拌して液状の組成物を得た。組成物を目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。この組成物を、無アルカリガラス(Eagle XG 厚み0.7mm、コーニング社製)上に約3cc滴下し、1000rpm、20秒の条件でスピンコーター(MS-B100、ミカサ製)を用いてスピンコートして、塗布層を形成した。塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板をプリベークとして60℃で2分間加熱した。次に、塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板をポストベークとして120℃5分の硬化条件で加熱して、硬化膜が形成された無アルカリガラスを得た。触針式膜厚計(DekTak XT、Bruker製)で無アルカリガラス上の硬化膜の膜厚を測定したところ1.5μmであった。
上記(1-1)、(1-2)で作製した、硬化膜が形成された無アルカリガラスについて、積分球ユニット(ISV-922、日本分光製)付き可視紫外分光光度計(V-650、日本分光製)を用いて、波長300nmから800nmにおける透過スペクトルと反射スペクトルを測定した。透過スペクトルと反射スペクトルから反射スペクトルの干渉による増減を減算処理して平滑化して得られた真の反射スペクトルのうち、波長550nmの値と無アルカリガラス(EagleXG、コーニング製)の屈折率から波長550nmにおける硬化膜の屈折率をフレネルの公式(ヘクト光学I原著5版、丸善出版、2018年、p.209-p.226)に基づいて算出した。実施例7~42、比較例1~3についての結果を表1に示す。
上記(1-4)で作製した、硬化膜が形成された無アルカリガラスについて、同じ方法で屈折率を測定したところ1.68であった。
(2-1)実施例7~42、比較例1~5で調製した組成物
実施例7~42、比較例1~5で調製した組成物について、次の方法で塗布層を形成し、成膜性を評価した。組成物を、無アルカリガラス(Eagle XG 厚み0.7mm、コーニング社製)上に約3cc滴下し、1000rpm、20秒の条件でスピンコーター(MS-B100、ミカサ製)を用いてスピンコートして、塗布層を形成した。次いで、塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板を60℃で2分間加熱した。
A :無色透明であり、穴あき欠陥及び白濁のどちらもない
D1:穴あき欠陥がある
D2:白濁している
実施例5で得られた式(Id-2)で表される化合物100質量部、重合開始剤A 5質量部、及び溶剤としてのシクロペンタノン310質量部をフラスコに入れ、攪拌して液状の組成物を得た。組成物を目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。この組成物を、無アルカリガラス(Eagle XG 厚み0.7mm、コーニング社製)上に約3cc滴下し、1000rpm、20秒の条件でスピンコーター(MS-B100、ミカサ製)を用いてスピンコートして、塗布層を形成した。塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板を60℃2分で加熱した。
得られた塗布層を観察したところ、無色透明であり、穴あき欠陥及び白濁のどちらもないことが確認された。
実施例6で得られた式(Id-3)で表される化合物100質量部、重合開始剤A 5質量部、及び溶剤としてのシクロペンタノン310質量部をフラスコに入れ、攪拌して液状の組成物を得た。組成物を目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。この組成物を、無アルカリガラス(Eagle XG 厚み0.7mm、コーニング社製)上に約3cc滴下し、1000rpm、20秒の条件でスピンコーター(MS-B100、ミカサ製)を用いてスピンコートして、塗布層を形成した。塗布層が形成された無アルカリガラス板を60℃2分で加熱した。
得られた塗布層を観察したところ、無色透明であり、穴あき欠陥及び白濁のどちらもないことが確認された。
上記(1-1)及び(1-2)と同じ方法で、実施例7~42、比較例1~3の組成物を用いて、硬化膜が形成された無アルカリガラスを得た。
A:外観変化がなく、膜厚保持率が100%以下90%以上
B:外観変化がなく、膜厚保持率が90%未満80%以上
C:外観変化がなく、膜厚保持率が80%未満
D:膜厚保持率に関わらず、浸漬後に硬化膜が白濁した
上記(1-1)及び(1-2)と同じ方法で、実施例7~42、比較例1~3の組成物を用いて、硬化膜が形成された無アルカリガラスを得た。
A:透過率変化が0%以下2%未満
B:透過率変化が2%以上5%未満
C:透過率変化が5%以下10%未満
上記で調製した組成物のうち、実施例7~26、34について、茶褐色瓶に保管して、以下の評価基準に従って組成物の室温(23℃)環境での保管安定性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。結果がA又はBであれば、保管安定性は良好である。
A:120日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じなかった
B:90日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じず、120日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じた
C:60日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じず、90日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じた
D:60日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じた
上記で調製した組成物のうち、実施例35~42について、茶褐色瓶に保管して、以下の評価基準に従って組成物の40℃での保管安定性を評価した。結果を表3に示す。結果がA又はBであれば、保管安定性は良好である。なお、40℃での保管安定性は23℃よりも温度が高くより過酷な条件といえる。
A:60日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じなかった
B:30日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じず、60日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じた
C:15日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じず、30日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じた
D:15日経過時点で組成物に白濁が生じた
装置;K2479((株)島津製作所製)
カラム;SHIMADZU Shim-pack GPC-80M
カラム温度;40℃
溶媒;テトラヒドロフラン
流速;1.0mL/min
検出器;RI
校正用標準物質 ;TSK STANDARD POLYSTYRENE F-40、F-4、F-288、A-2500、A-500(東ソー(株)製)
下記に従い、物性測定用フィルム(硬化物)を作製した。
式(Ib-1)で表される化合物 100質量部、式(X-1)で表される化合物 5質量部、重合開始剤(アンモニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(KING INDUSTRIES INC.製「CXC-1821」) 1質量部、及び溶剤としてのプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート 50質量部をフラスコに入れ、攪拌して液状の組成物を得た。組成物を目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。
この組成物を、ポリイミドフィルム上に滴下し、アプリケーターで塗布して塗布層を形成した。塗布層が形成されたフィルムを120℃30分、加熱した。加熱後、得られたフィルム(物性測定用フィルム-1)の膜厚は260μmであった。
式(Ib-1)で表される化合物 50質量部、式(X-1)で表される化合物 50質量部、重合開始剤(アンモニウム塩タイプの熱カチオン重合開始剤(KING INDUSTRIES INC.製「CXC-1821」 1質量部、及び溶剤としてのプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート 50質量部をフラスコに入れ、攪拌して液状の組成物を得た。組成物を目視したところ透明であり、配合成分が均一に溶解されていることが確認された。
この組成物を、ポリイミドフィルム上に滴下し、アプリケーターで塗布して塗布層を形成した。塗布層が形成されたフィルムを120℃で30分、加熱した。加熱後、得られたフィルム(物性測定用フィルム-2)の膜厚は150μmであった。
上記で得られた物性測定用フィルム-1、又は物性測定用フィルム-2のCTE測定は、熱機械分析装置(TMA)を用いて、下記条件で測定を行い、25℃からTgまで(CTE1とする)とTgから170℃におけるCTE(CTE2とする)におけるCTEを算出した。また、ガラス転移温度(Tg)を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
装置:(株)日立ハイテクサイエンス製 TMA/SS7100
荷重:50.0mN
温度プログラム:20℃から200℃まで5℃/分の速度で昇温
試験片:直方体。長さ40mm。幅5mm。厚さは物性測定用フィルム-1では260μm、物性測定用フィルム-2では150μm
上記で得られた物性測定用フィルム-1、又は物性測定用フィルム-2から50mm×50mmの測定サンプルを切り出し、Df及びDkを以下の条件で測定した。25℃/55%RHで24時間サンプルを調湿した後に、測定を行った。結果を表4に示す。
装置:アンリツ(株)製 コンパクトUSBベクトルネットワークアナライザ(製品名:MS46122B)
(株)エーイーティー製空洞共振器(TEモード 10GHzタイプ)
測定周波数:10GHz
測定雰囲気:23℃/50%RH
上記で得られた物性測定用フィルム-1、又は物性測定用フィルム-2について、チャック間距離22mm、速度10mm/分の条件で引張試験を実施し、S-S曲線を測定し、その傾きから25℃、55%R.H.における引っ張り弾性率(GPa)を算出した。結果を表4に示す。
試験片:ダンベル試験片形状 幅4mm、長さ50mm
装置:(株)島津製作所製「オートグラフAG-IS」
上記で得られた物性測定用フィルム-1、又は物性測定用フィルム-2について、下部支点間距離20mm、速度1mm/分の条件で3点曲げ試験を実施し、S-S曲線を測定し、その傾きから25℃、55%R.H.における曲げ弾性率(GPa)を算出した。結果を表4に示す。
試験片:幅10mm、長さ80mm
装置:(株)島津製作所製「オートグラフAG-IS」
Claims (13)
- すべてのLがアルカンジイル基である請求項1に記載の化合物。
- すべてのmが0である請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物を含む組成物。
- 重合開始剤をさらに含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記重合開始剤が熱カチオン重合開始剤又は熱アニオン重合開始剤である、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 重合抑制剤をさらに含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又は請求項4~7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の硬化物。
- 請求項8に記載の硬化物を含む表示装置。
- 請求項8に記載の硬化物を含む固体撮像素子。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又は請求項4~7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含む封止材料。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又は請求項4~7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含む絶縁材料。
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| JP2005272418A (ja) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | エピスルフィド化合物の安定剤 |
| JP2009203315A (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-10 | Dic Corp | 光学物品用活性エネルギー線硬化型樹脂組成物および物品 |
| JP2012177056A (ja) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-09-13 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 高屈折率を有する重合体 |
| WO2022085330A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-04-28 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 組成物並びにこれを用いた光学材料およびレンズ |
| WO2023058449A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-13 | スガイ化学工業株式会社 | ナフタレンジチオールおよびその誘導体、ならびにこれらの製造方法および用途 |
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| JP2005272418A (ja) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | エピスルフィド化合物の安定剤 |
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| JP2012177056A (ja) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-09-13 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 高屈折率を有する重合体 |
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