WO2024047036A1 - Unité de stockage de chaleur et de froid ayant un échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant - Google Patents

Unité de stockage de chaleur et de froid ayant un échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024047036A1
WO2024047036A1 PCT/EP2023/073665 EP2023073665W WO2024047036A1 WO 2024047036 A1 WO2024047036 A1 WO 2024047036A1 EP 2023073665 W EP2023073665 W EP 2023073665W WO 2024047036 A1 WO2024047036 A1 WO 2024047036A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
exchanger
storage
heat storage
fluid line
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/073665
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Scherer
Jürgen Falkenstein
Florian Scherer
Original Assignee
Johannes Scherer
Falkenstein Juergen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johannes Scherer, Falkenstein Juergen filed Critical Johannes Scherer
Publication of WO2024047036A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024047036A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/022—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of two or more media in heat-exchange relationship being helically coiled, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0207—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps district heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits forming part of, or being attached to, the tank containing the body of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/14—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically both tubes being bent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/02—Photovoltaic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/11—Geothermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/14—Solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0043—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material specially adapted for long-term heat storage; Underground tanks; Floating reservoirs; Pools; Ponds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F28F13/125—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation by stirring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of thermal energy storage and in particular to a heat or cold storage with an integrated countercurrent heat exchanger and a system with a heat storage and a cold storage.
  • a photovoltaic system with photovoltaic modules can be used to generate electrical power and/or with a photothermal system to generate hot water, and the energy obtained can be supplied to consumers in the building.
  • variable energy sources can be available for use in a building, such as the waste heat from a refrigeration machine or the electricity generated by a wind turbine.
  • heat pumps of various designs are regularly used, for example in single-family homes and apartment buildings, in order to make low-temperature heat sources usable.
  • thermal energy storage can temporarily store the energy generated in cold or heat storage in the short to long term in order to compensate for different times of energy production and energy consumption.
  • Conventional heat storage includes multi-zone storage, through the central area of which a heat exchanger for introducing heat (or cold) extends. There are spatially separated areas in the outer area at different heights several heat exchangers for removing the heat (or cold) are arranged in the heat storage (or cold storage).
  • the heat storage (or cold storage) known from the prior art are not optimized for use in a system with a photovoltaic system and/or a heat pump. It is an object of the invention to provide a heat storage (or cold storage) that is optimized for use in a system with a photovoltaic system and/or a heat pump.
  • a heat storage and exchanger has a first fluid line, a second fluid line, a heat exchanger and a storage container.
  • the heat exchanger is designed to transfer heat between the first fluid line and the second fluid line.
  • the storage container is designed to hold a thermal storage medium. At least a portion of the heat exchanger is disposed in the storage container to enable transfer of heat between the heat exchanger and the thermal storage medium.
  • a highly integrated heat storage and exchanger can be provided, which makes it possible to transfer heat from a solar system and, if this is currently being operated, a heat pump into the storage container by means of the heat exchanger. If the heat pump is not currently in operation, the heat storage and exchanger can continue to operate unchanged in order to continue to transfer the heat from the solar system to the heat storage and exchanger.
  • the solar system or the heat pump can be connected to the first or second fluid line.
  • the need for further adjustments, for example with regard to electrical connections, can thus be avoided.
  • the heat exchanger can enable effective heat transfer between the first and the second fluid line, for example between the photovoltaic system and a cold side of the heat pump.
  • the effective heat transfer is in particular a consequence of the generous space available in the storage container, due to which the heat exchanger can be designed, for example as a double-tube heat exchanger, with a large contact area between the first and the second fluid line.
  • the heat exchanger is largely arranged in the storage container.
  • the heat exchanger can be arranged in the storage container for at least half, at least two thirds, or at least three quarters of its length.
  • the heat exchanger can be arranged in the storage container to at least half, at least two-thirds, or at least three-quarters of its volume.
  • the thermal storage medium can comprise or be a liquid, in particular at room temperature.
  • the thermal storage medium can comprise water, for example in a volume fraction of at least half, at least two-thirds, or at least three-quarters.
  • thermal storage media can be used, which need not be limited to heat storage by changing the temperature of the solid/liquid storage medium.
  • a phase change material for storing thermal energy as latent energy, thermochemical storage media, or a salt dehydration storage for isolation-free long-term storage can also be accommodated in the storage container.
  • the heat exchanger is set up as a countercurrent heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger can have a multiple-tube heat exchanger, a double-tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger or a tube bundle heat exchanger or can be designed as such.
  • the first fluid line and the second fluid line can be in direct contact in the heat exchanger and/or over a range of at least 0.5 m or at least 1 m or at least 2 m.
  • the effectiveness of the heat transfer between the first and second fluid lines or between the heat pump and the photovoltaic system can be further improved.
  • Corresponding embodiments can be made possible by arranging the heat exchanger in the storage container.
  • the storage container is a cistern storage.
  • the storage container can have a volume for the thermal storage medium of at least 1 m 3 or at least 2 m 3 or at least 3 m 3 .
  • the storage container can be set up for an underground arrangement.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can be designed to be in one piece, i.e. H. with the heat exchanger arranged therein, to be arranged at least partially in the ground. After being partially inserted into the ground, connections for the first and second fluid lines can protrude upwards from the ground and be available for connecting the photovoltaic system and heat pump, so that an overall system can be implemented quickly, efficiently and cost-effectively.
  • the storage container may provide a sufficiently large storage capacity to store enough heat (or cold) to cover fluctuations in a building's demand over periods of months, particularly seasonal fluctuations.
  • the first fluid line and/or the second fluid line is configured to pass through an upper surface of the thermal storage medium at least once or at least twice when the thermal storage medium is arranged in the storage container.
  • the first fluid line and/or the second fluid line can contain the storage container at least once or at least pass through twice in the top quarter of its height, especially in the top fifth of its height or on its top.
  • Corresponding embodiments can simplify the connection of the heat storage and exchanger to other components of the system, in particular when the heat storage and exchanger is arranged in the ground, in which, for example, the uppermost quarter, the uppermost fifth or the top of the storage container comes out of the ground protrude.
  • the heat storage and exchanger is located in an outdoor area (i.e., relative to a building), for example above ground or below ground in an area surrounding an adjacent building. In other words, the heat exchanger cannot be located in a building.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to an associated heat storage that is arranged in a building.
  • the associated heat storage can be a cold storage.
  • the associated heat storage can be a multi-zone storage.
  • the first fluid line and/or the second fluid line is configured for evaporation and/or condensation of a refrigerant therein.
  • the heat storage and exchanger has at least one additional heat exchanger.
  • the at least one additional heat exchanger can be set up for thermal coupling to the thermal storage medium and/or can be arranged in the storage container, in particular spatially separated from the heat exchanger.
  • the additional heat exchanger can enable heat transfer between the storage container or the thermal storage medium arranged therein and a consumer, or a heat transfer between the storage container or the thermal storage medium arranged therein and another heat source or heat storage device such as a geothermal collector.
  • the at least one additional heat exchanger has at least one inlet/outlet line or at least two inlet/outlet lines.
  • the at least one inlet/outlet line or the at least two inlet/outlet lines may or may be designed to pass through an upper surface of the thermal storage medium when the thermal storage medium is arranged in the storage container.
  • the at least one inlet/outlet line or the at least two inlet/outlet lines can or can pass through the storage container in the uppermost quarter of its height extent, in particular in the uppermost fifth of its height extent or at its top.
  • Corresponding embodiments can simplify the connection of the heat storage and exchanger to other components of the system, in particular when the heat storage and exchanger is arranged in the ground, in which, for example, the uppermost quarter, the uppermost fifth or the top of the storage container comes out of the ground protrude.
  • a geothermal collector can be thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger.
  • the geothermal collector may be spatially separated from the heat storage and exchanger and, for example, thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger by a fluid line.
  • an additional heat exchanger of the at least one additional heat exchanger can be coupled to the geothermal heat collector, in particular in order to thermally couple the geothermal heat collector to the heat storage and heat exchanger.
  • a geothermal collector includes heat transfer line loops, which usually run essentially horizontally in the ground near the surface in order to exchange heat between the adjacent ground and a heat transfer medium. Accordingly, thermal energy can be stored in or taken from the geothermal collector by a flow of a heat transfer medium through the heat transfer line loops depending on the respective temperatures.
  • the geothermal collector can be arranged laterally to the storage container.
  • the storage container can represent an energy-storing component with a high energy storage density, which can be thermally charged or discharged relatively quickly. Heat losses from the storage container can increase the temperature of the surrounding soil, which can also be used as an energy source by the geothermal collector located on the side. Accordingly, an insulation requirement for the storage container can be comparatively low, so that it can be manufactured with structurally simple measures.
  • the storage container can be provided by a concrete boundary, while heat transfer loops can be laid in the surrounding soil.
  • the heat storage and exchanger comprises a valve arrangement in order to selectively guide a heat transfer medium through the storage container in a first position or to connect the storage container and the geothermal heat collector in series in a second position, with a control device being set up to control the valve arrangement the first position to switch to the second position when a stored amount of energy in the storage container is above an energy threshold.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can have at least two or at least three additional heat exchangers.
  • the at least two or at least three additional heat exchangers can be arranged at different heights in the storage container.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can implement a multi-zone heat storage.
  • the multiple heat exchangers at different heights can be used to provide heating water and service water at different temperatures, for example.
  • An embodiment as a multi-zone heat storage can be particularly advantageous for storing heat that is provided at high temperatures, i.e. H. as a high-temperature heat storage.
  • the design as a multi-zone heat storage can, for example, make it possible to provide a temperature of at least 60°C in the upper area, which prevents the formation of legionella and enables the provision of service water.
  • the storage container can be set up as an ice storage.
  • the storage container can have a pressure compensation vessel.
  • a gas volume of the pressure compensation vessel can be at least 8% of a volume of the storage container for the thermal storage medium, for example if the thermal storage medium is in the liquid state.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can have a circulation device such as a circulation pump and/or an agitator, which is set up to circulate the thermal storage medium in the storage container.
  • the circulation device can be arranged in the thermal storage container.
  • the circulation device can be set up to generate a flow, particularly in the area of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can have a flow channel.
  • the flow channel can be arranged in the thermal storage container.
  • the flow channel can be arranged in such a way that it specifies a direction towards the heat exchanger and/or limits the flow generated by the circulation device.
  • the flow channel can enclose at least a portion of the generated flow and/or the heat exchanger and/or the circulation device.
  • the flow channel can have a first tube, for example an outer tube.
  • the first tube may enclose a portion of the heat exchanger and/or a portion of the generated flow and/or the circulation device; in particular to limit the flow generated to the outside and/or to specify the direction towards the heat exchanger.
  • the first tube can enclose at least a portion of the generated flow and/or the heat exchanger and/or the circulation device.
  • the first tube may be concentric with the double tube heat exchanger.
  • the flow channel can be a second tube, e.g. B. have an inner tube.
  • the second tube can limit the flow generated inwards, in particular in order to specify the direction towards the heat exchanger.
  • the second tube can be enclosed by at least a portion of the flow generated and/or the heat exchanger.
  • the second tube may be concentric with the heat exchanger and/or with the first tube.
  • Embodiments for use as ice storage can be used in a particularly advantageous manner for storing thermal energy or heat at low temperatures, ie as a low-temperature heat storage.
  • Corresponding embodiments can further increase the storage capacity of the heat storage and exchanger by utilizing the latent heat during the phase transition of the thermal storage medium from the liquid state of aggregation to ice.
  • the ice can increase the storage capacity for cold.
  • the storage container can be arranged in the ground without there being a risk that the storage container will be damaged by a change in volume of the thermal storage medium in the event of frost or ice formation.
  • the storage container may have an upper jacket area and a lower jacket area.
  • the upper jacket area can have stronger thermal insulation between the inside and outside of the storage container than the lower jacket area.
  • Corresponding embodiments can make it possible to thermally couple the lower region of the storage container to an environment of the storage container, in particular to the surrounding soil, while the upper region of the storage container is thermally insulated.
  • the heat storage is designed as a multi-zone heat storage
  • the storage capacity can be increased at a lower temperature, which is associated with the lower region of the storage container, for example for heating water.
  • a higher temperature associated with the upper region can be kept high, for example for domestic water.
  • Corresponding embodiments can therefore be particularly advantageous for use as high-temperature heat storage.
  • the upper shell region has a height that is at least one half of a height of the storage container.
  • the lower jacket region has a height that is at least one-fifth the height of the storage container.
  • the thermal storage medium is arranged in the storage container, and the thermal storage medium has a freezing point of at most -1 ° C or at most -2 ° C, in particular in embodiments for use as a low-temperature heat storage.
  • An expansion fluid can be arranged in the pressure compensation vessel.
  • the expansion fluid may have a freezing point that is lower than the freezing point of the thermal storage medium.
  • the pressure compensation vessel can therefore compensate for the change in volume when the thermal storage medium freezes (or melts).
  • the modifications described as particularly advantageous for the high-temperature heat storage and those described as particularly advantageous for the low-temperature heat storage may be formed on separate heat storage and exchangers, or on the same heat storage and exchanger .
  • several heat storage and exchangers can be provided for a system, one of which can be optimized for use as a high-temperature heat storage and one as a low-temperature heat storage. This enables the optimization of heat storage and exchangers with regard to their respective application.
  • a single model of heat storage and exchanger can be provided (for example in order to save costs during development), which is set up for use both as a high-temperature heat storage and as a low-temperature heat storage.
  • a second section of the heat exchanger can have thermal insulation from the thermal storage medium.
  • the second portion of the heat exchanger can provide a stronger thermal coupling between the first fluid line and the second fluid line than between the thermal storage medium and either fluid line. The temperatures of fluids in the two fluid lines at one end of the second section can therefore be more closely aligned with one another than with the temperature of the thermal storage medium.
  • one of the fluid lines may be coupled to a solar system to be cooled, and the other fluid line to a cold side of a heat pump, and the second section may allow the temperature of the cooling fluid for the solar system to be below the temperature of the thermal storage medium is lowered.
  • the second section can be arranged at an end region of the heat exchanger.
  • the second section can in particular be arranged at an end region of the heat exchanger, from which the first fluid line leads to a heat pump.
  • the corresponding second section allows the fluid in the first fluid line to be heated (or cooled) to a greater extent than would otherwise be the case (i.e. without the corresponding second section) in the heat storage and exchanger before it is led to the heat pump.
  • the first fluid line can lead from the end region of the heat exchanger to the cold side of the heat pump, and the temperature of the first fluid line (or the fluid therein) in the end region can be approximated to the temperature of the second fluid line (or the fluid therein), e.g . B.
  • the second fluid line comes from a solar system and has a temperature that exceeds that of the thermal storage medium.
  • a portion of the first fluid line may have thermal contact (e.g., direct contact) with the thermal storage medium to transfer heat between the portion of the first fluid line and the thermal storage medium.
  • the section of the first fluid line can be arranged in a region of the storage container for the thermal storage medium, in particular in an uppermost section of the region of the storage container for the thermal storage medium.
  • the thermal contact of the section of the first fluid line to the thermal storage medium can outweigh a thermal contact of the section of the first fluid line to the second fluid line, for example in amount or by a factor of 2 or 3 or 5, for example with regard to the relevant thermal conductivities.
  • the section of the first fluid line can be thermally insulated from the second fluid line.
  • a heat storage and exchanger for use as a high-temperature heat storage can have a corresponding section of the first fluid line.
  • Corresponding embodiments can particularly advantageously promote the entry of heat from the first fluid line directly into the thermal storage medium.
  • This can be particularly advantageous for a multi-zone heat storage or for a high-temperature heat storage, for example if the first fluid line coming from a warm side of a heat pump is set up to transfer the heat from the heat pump (i.e. from its warm side) into the multi-zone heat storage or the high-temperature to introduce heat storage.
  • the corresponding section of the first fluid line can be arranged in the uppermost region of the storage container immediately after the first fluid line enters the storage container.
  • the fluid coming from the heat pump through the first fluid line can release heat to the uppermost region of the storage container immediately after entering the storage container, i.e. at its highest possible temperature. This allows the temperature (e.g. of the thermal storage medium) in the uppermost area of the storage container to be effectively maximized, thus ensuring a supply of domestic water at a high temperature.
  • the section of the first fluid line can be at least partially arranged in the thermal storage container.
  • the section of the first fluid line can be arranged at an end region of the heat exchanger, in particular directly adjoining the end region of the heat exchanger.
  • the storage container can form a closed vessel for the thermal storage medium. Alternatively or additionally, the storage container can be set up to hold a liquid thermal storage medium.
  • Corresponding embodiments can ensure that the thermal storage medium is held in the storage container and thus the heat present in the thermal storage medium can be stored, for example to compensate for long-term or seasonal fluctuations in energy demand and/or supply.
  • the thermal storage medium can be arranged in the storage container.
  • the thermal storage medium can be designed to provide an electrolyte for an electrochemical cell.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can be set up to provide the thermal storage medium of the electrochemical cell in a fluid-coupled manner.
  • a second aspect relates to a use of the heat storage and exchanger described above as an underground heat storage.
  • the second aspect may include the use of the heat storage and exchanger described above as an underground heat storage for cooling a photovoltaic system.
  • the second aspect may include the use of the heat storage and exchanger described above as an underground heat storage for absorbing heat during an evaporation process of a coolant of a heat pump.
  • the second aspect may include using the heat storage and exchanger described above as an underground heat storage for storing condensation heat of a refrigerant of a heat pump.
  • a third aspect relates to a use of the heat storage and exchanger described above as a countercurrent heat exchanger.
  • the countercurrent heat exchanger can be used in particular for heat exchange between a coolant of a heat pump and a liquid heat-conducting medium, wherein the liquid heat-conducting medium thermally couples the first or the second fluid line to a photovoltaic system.
  • a system has a heat storage and exchanger as described above, and at least one control device.
  • the at least one control device is set up to control a fluid flow through the first fluid line as a function of a first parameter, the first parameter being linked to the availability of electrical power.
  • the at least one control device can be set up to output a control signal for a heat pump depending on the first parameter.
  • Corresponding embodiments can enable the operation of the heat pump with high availability of electrical power, for example when a photovoltaic system produces a high electrical power, for example measured in terms of its peak power, or when the photovoltaic system produces an excess of electrical power, for example, compared to consumption that is associated with a building.
  • the high or excess electrical power can be stored as thermal energy in the heat storage and exchanger using the heat pump in order to be available for times when heat or energy availability is low. This means that a need for heat or energy can be met in times of low availability without having to resort to an additional (for example expensive or limitedly available) energy source, such as natural gas.
  • the thermal energy can be stored at a low temperature and the temperature can be raised to a requested temperature level at a later time using a heat pump. Due to the low storage temperature, heat can be used at a correspondingly low temperature (e.g. from photothermal energy under otherwise unfavorable conditions). In addition, losses during storage can be reduced.
  • the heat exchanger can have a double-tube heat exchanger.
  • the first fluid line may comprise an inner tube of the double-tube heat exchanger.
  • the first fluid line can be designed to be coupled to the heat pump, in particular the first fluid line can be coupled to the heat pump.
  • the first parameter can be linked to an electrical power provided by a photovoltaic system.
  • the at least one control device can have or be at least one electrical control device, in particular at least one electrical control device, which is set up to receive and/or output electrical control signals.
  • the at least one control device is a purely electrical control device, in particular without a mechanical device such as a valve or a pump.
  • the at least one control device has at least one mechanical device configured to control a fluid flow, such as a valve or a pump.
  • the at least one control device can include several or all mechanical devices for controlling the fluid flow.
  • the at least one control device can further be set up to control a fluid flow through the second fluid line depending on a second parameter.
  • the second parameter can be linked to a first temperature difference.
  • the control device can enable temperature control (i.e. heating or cooling) of a component that is connected to the second fluid line.
  • the fluid flow through the second fluid line can be switched on when the second parameter indicates a temperature or a temperature difference within a target range suitable for temperature control.
  • the fluid flow through the second fluid line can be switched off if the second parameter is outside the target range.
  • the component to be tempered can be a solar system.
  • a solar system can have a photovoltaic system and/or a photothermal system.
  • a solar system can have a combined solar and photothermal system.
  • a first temperature of the first temperature difference can be linked to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium.
  • a second temperature of the first temperature difference can be linked to a solar system and/or linked to a device that is thermally coupled to the second fluid line.
  • the solar system can include the photovoltaic system.
  • the system can be set up to selectively couple the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium to a geothermal collector.
  • the optional coupling can refer to a coupling whose coupling strength, in particular thermal coupling strength, is controllable, in particular by controlling a fluid flow, for example by means of a pump or a valve.
  • the at least one control device can be set up to selectively couple the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium to the geothermal collector depending on a third parameter.
  • the third parameter can be linked to a second temperature difference.
  • a first temperature of the second temperature difference may be linked to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium.
  • a second temperature of the second temperature difference can be linked to the geothermal collector.
  • Corresponding embodiments can make it possible to selectively transfer heat from the storage container or the thermal storage medium into the geothermal heat collector or to remove it from it.
  • the geothermal collector can be used as an extension of the heat storage.
  • the resulting heat available can be introduced into the storage container or the thermal storage medium by means of the geothermal heat collector and thus used.
  • the system can further have a second heat storage and exchanger.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger may have a first fluid line, a second fluid line and a storage container.
  • the storage container can be designed to hold a thermal storage medium.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger can be designed to enable heat to be transferred between the first fluid line and the thermal storage medium and between the second fluid line and the thermal storage medium.
  • the at least one control device can be set up to control a fluid flow through the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger together with the fluid flow through the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger.
  • Corresponding embodiments can provide an optimized system for long-term storage of heat or cold in combination with a heat pump.
  • the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be connected to one, e.g. B. cold, side of the heat pump can be coupled, and the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the second, for example warm, side of the heat pump.
  • Heat pump systems generate the same amount of cold energy when generating heat.
  • heat pump systems When used as a cooling system, i.e. when generating cold, heat pump systems generate the same amount of heat energy.
  • conventional heat generation conventional use as an air conditioning system
  • the cold energy is released into the environment as a waste product, e.g. air or groundwater.
  • the energy efficiency can be doubled compared to the conventional solution.
  • This dual use can take place both locally, through suitable storage media, and on a district-by-district basis through introduction into heating and cooling networks.
  • a heat transfer from the heat storage and - exchanger to the second heat storage and exchanger By jointly controlling the fluid flows through the two first fluid lines, in such embodiments a heat transfer from the heat storage and - exchanger to the second heat storage and exchanger.
  • the thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger is cooled and the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger is heated (or vice versa). If the heat storage and exchangers are designed accordingly (for example their volumes), this can enable heat or cold to be stored over months or seasons.
  • the storage container (or the thermal storage medium contained therein) and/or the geothermal collector thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger can be set up as an energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger or can provide one or be referred to as such.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can have an energy-storing component.
  • the energy-storing component can have or be the storage container and/or the geothermal collector thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger.
  • the storage container can be the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger, or the geothermal collector thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger can be the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger, or both can (i.e. together). be an energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger.
  • a geothermal collector e.g. another geothermal collector or spatially separate from the geothermal collector that is thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger
  • the second heat storage and exchanger may have an energy-storing component, for example with properties that are similar to the properties of the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger described above, but based on the second heat storage and exchanger rather than on the heat storage and exchanger .
  • a thermally insulating partition wall delimits earth areas, in particular adjacent earth areas, from one another.
  • the thermally insulating partition can be at least partially, in particular to a large extent (e.g. speaking of their height extent), be arranged below an earth's surface.
  • the earth areas delimited from one another can each be assigned to a geothermal collector.
  • one of the delimited earth areas can be assigned to the earth collector, which is thermally coupled to the (first) heat storage and exchanger, and another of the delimited earth areas can be assigned to the earth collector, which is thermally coupled to the second heat storage and exchanger.
  • the energy-storing component of the first heat storage and exchanger adjoins the energy-storing component of the second heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal heat collector) and is laterally connected by a thermally insulating partition wall embedded in the ground separated from the energy-storing component of the second heat storage and exchanger (in particular from its geothermal collector).
  • adjacent floor sections can each be equipped with geothermal heat collectors, and the thermally insulating partition can be between the heat transfer loops of the geothermal collector, which is thermally coupled to the first heat storage and exchanger, and the geothermal heat collector, which is thermally connected to the second heat storage and exchanger is coupled, be embedded in the ground, so that different temperatures can be provided in the energy-storing component of the first heat storage and exchanger (in particular in its geothermal collector) and the energy-storing component of the second heat storage and exchanger (in particular in its geothermal collector).
  • the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal collector) is separated laterally from the surrounding soil by the thermally insulating partition wall.
  • a laterally circumferential insulating partition can make it possible to maintain a higher temperature level in the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal heat collector) for longer and/or with lower energy losses and thus enable seasonal storage of thermal energy in the energy-storing component Component of the heat storage and exchanger (particularly in their geothermal collector) to be provided at an increased storage temperature.
  • the thermally insulating partition can extend vertically over the lower end of the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular over the lower end of its ground heat collector) extend down into the ground to define an isolated section of the energy storage component (in particular its geothermal collector).
  • the insulated section can be open at the bottom to utilize the heat capacity of the underlying soil.
  • the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal collector) can adjoin the energy-storing component of the second heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal collector) and be separated from it by the thermally insulating partition.
  • the thermally insulating partition should have a reduced thermal conductivity compared to the ground, in particular a thermal conductivity of less than 1 W/(m*K), preferably less than 0.5 W/(m*K), preferably less than 0.2 W /(m*K).
  • the insulation can be perimeter insulation, which can be provided by panels in the ground, for example made of Styrodur, and/or can include sections of pourable insulation material, such as foam glass granules.
  • the thermally insulating partition is separated from the energy-storing components on both sides by the soil.
  • the system further comprises an upper partition wall, which forms an upper boundary of the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular of its geothermal heat collector) to the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular of its geothermal heat collector) in vertical Thermally insulate direction.
  • the upper partition wall can be arranged below a floor slab of a building in order to reduce heat losses from the energy-storing component into the building.
  • the system further comprises a lower partition wall, which forms a lower boundary of the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular of its geothermal heat collector) in order to surround the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular of its geothermal heat collector) in a vertical direction To thermally insulate the direction from the underlying soil.
  • the lower partition can improve insulation of the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular of its geothermal collector), so that its temperature level can be maintained for longer and/or with lower energy losses.
  • the system may include the heat pump.
  • the fluid flow through the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be designed to thermally connect the heat storage and exchanger to one side, e.g. B. to couple to a warm or cold side of the heat pump.
  • the fluid flow through the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger can be designed to thermally connect the second heat storage and exchanger to one side, e.g. B. to couple to a complementary cold or warm side of the heat pump.
  • the heat pump can be set up to provide an output of at least 3 kW or at least 5 kW.
  • the system can have a solar system.
  • the heat storage and exchanger of the system can have at least one additional heat exchanger, wherein one of the at least one additional heat exchanger is designed to thermally couple the solar system to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger, in particular in Row with a geothermal collector.
  • An additional heat exchanger of the second heat storage and exchanger can be set up to thermally couple the solar system to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger may have any or all of the features described above in connection with the heat storage and exchanger of the first aspect.
  • a system has a first heat storage and exchanger, a second heat storage and exchanger, a heat pump and a control device.
  • the first heat storage and exchanger has a first fluid line, a second fluid line, a heat exchanger and a storage container.
  • the heat exchanger is designed to transfer heat between the first fluid line and the second fluid line.
  • the storage container is designed to hold a thermal storage medium. At least a portion of the heat exchanger is arranged in the storage container to provide a To enable transfer of heat between the heat exchanger and the thermal storage medium.
  • the first heat storage and exchanger has a volume for its thermal storage medium of at least 2 m 3 and is at least partially arranged underground.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger has a first fluid line, a second fluid line and a storage container that is designed to accommodate a thermal storage medium.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger is designed to enable heat to be transferred between its first fluid line and its thermal storage medium and between its second fluid line and its thermal storage medium.
  • the heat pump is set up to provide an output of at least 5 kW.
  • a fluid flow through the first fluid line of the first heat storage and exchanger or the second heat storage and exchanger is designed to thermally couple the first heat storage and exchanger to a cold side of the heat pump.
  • the fluid flow through the first fluid line of the other heat storage and exchanger is designed to thermally couple the other heat storage and exchanger to a warm side of the heat pump.
  • the control device is set up to control an operating state of the heat pump, the fluid flow through the first fluid line of the first heat storage and the fluid flow through the first fluid line of the second heat storage together as a function of a first parameter, the first parameter being linked to an electrical power , which is provided by a photovoltaic system.
  • the second fluid line of the first heat storage and exchanger and/or the second heat storage and exchanger is coupled to a solar system.
  • the other heat storage and exchanger may refer to the heat storage and exchanger or to the second heat storage and exchanger; in particular on that of the two in which the fluid flow through its first fluid line is not designed to thermally couple it to the cold side of the heat pump.
  • the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger can be arranged in the storage container of the second heat storage and exchanger.
  • the thermal storage medium arranged in the storage container of the second heat storage and exchanger can be designed to provide a second electrolyte for the electrochemical cell.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger can be designed to provide the thermal storage medium of the electrochemical cell in a fluid-coupled manner.
  • the system may include the electrochemical cell, wherein the thermal storage medium of the first heat storage and exchanger and the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger are fluidly coupled to the electrochemical cell; in particular, wherein the thermal storage medium of the first heat storage and exchanger and the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger are fluidly coupled to different half cells of the electrochemical cell.
  • a method for producing an underground heat storage comprises arranging at least a portion of a heat storage and exchanger in the ground.
  • the heat storage and exchanger has a first fluid line, a second fluid line, a heat exchanger and a storage container.
  • the heat exchanger is designed to transfer heat between the first fluid line and the second fluid line.
  • the storage container is designed to hold a thermal storage medium. At least a portion of the heat exchanger is disposed in the storage container to enable transfer of heat between the heat exchanger and the thermal storage medium.
  • the method can further include thermally coupling the heat storage and exchange to the ground.
  • the method may further include setting up the heat exchanger as a countercurrent heat exchanger.
  • the method may further include coupling the first fluid line to a heat pump.
  • the method can further include a thermal coupling of the heat storage and exchanger to a first heating network, in particular to a first local heating network, in order to store heat or cold either from the heat storage and exchanger into the local heating network or from the local heating network into the heat storage and exchanger.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled in series with the geothermal collector and/or with the ground to the first heating network, in particular to the first local heating network.
  • the method may further include coupling a first fluid line of a second heat storage and exchanger to the heat pump.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger may have any or all of the features described above in connection with the second heat storage and exchanger of the fourth aspect.
  • the method can further comprise coupling the second heat storage and exchanger to a second heating network, in particular to a second local heating network, in particular wherein the second (local) heating network has, on average, a lower temperature than the first (local) heating network.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger can be coupled in series with its geothermal energy collector and/or with the soil surrounding it to the second heating network, in particular to the second local heating network.
  • the first (local) heating network may be a high-temperature (local) heating network
  • the second (local) heating network may be a low-temperature (local) heating network (in other words, a (local) cooling network).
  • a thermal insulation in particular a thermally insulating partition, can be between a region of the first (local) heating network (e.g. the high-temperature (local) heating network) and a region of the second (local) heating network (e.g. B. the low-temperature (local) heating network or the (local) cooling network).
  • the thermal insulation can be arranged at least partially underground or the thermal insulating partition can be an underground thermal insulating partition.
  • the thermal insulation or the thermally insulating partition may be between a geothermal collector (or an underground fluid line) of the first (nearby) heat network (e.g. the high-temperature (near) heat network) and a geothermal collector (or an underground fluid line) of the second ( Near) heating network (e.g. the low-temperature (near) heating network or the (near) cooling network).
  • the method may further include coupling the second fluid line to a solar system.
  • the method may further include setting up a control device to receive or determine a first parameter, the first parameter being linked to an availability of electrical power.
  • the method may further comprise setting up the at least one control device to control a fluid flow through the first fluid line depending on the first parameter.
  • the heat storage and exchanger can have at least one additional heat exchanger.
  • the method may further comprise coupling a heat exchanger of the at least one additional heat exchanger to a geothermal heat collector.
  • the at least one additional heat exchanger may have one or all of the features of the at least one additional heat exchanger described above in connection with the heat storage and exchanger of the first aspect.
  • the method may further include coupling a first fluid line of a second heat storage and exchanger to the heat pump.
  • the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to a cold side of the heat pump and the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to a warm side of the heat pump.
  • the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the warm side of the heat pump and the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the warm side of the heat pump.
  • the method may further comprise carrying out one or all of the method steps that relate to the heat storage and exchanger, correspondingly on the second heat storage and exchanger.
  • a method for operating a system comprising a heat storage and exchanger has at least two operating modes, and the method includes selectively executing one of the at least two operating modes.
  • the first operating mode includes operating the heat pump with a first heat pump output and generating a fluid flow through the first fluid line to transfer heat between the heat pump and the thermal storage medium.
  • the second operating mode includes operating the heat pump with a second heat pump output that is at most a quarter of the first heat pump output, and generating a stronger fluid flow through the second fluid line than through the first fluid line in order to transfer heat via the second fluid line.
  • the heat storage and exchanger may have any or all of the features of the heat storage and exchanger of the first aspect.
  • a selection between the first and second operating modes is automatically made based on a first parameter.
  • the first parameter can be linked to the availability of electrical power.
  • the method may include selectively guiding the fluid flow through the second fluid line to a solar system, to a geothermal collector or to the solar system and the geothermal collector.
  • the method can further comprise controlling a strength of the fluid flow through the second fluid line as a function of a first temperature difference in the first and/or second operating mode.
  • a first temperature of the first temperature difference can be linked to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium.
  • a second temperature of the first temperature difference can be linked to a solar system.
  • the method can further comprise selectively removing heat from the heat storage and exchanger or a geothermal collector coupled to the heat storage and exchanger, in particular depending on a temperature that is linked to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium; and/or depending on a temperature that is linked to the geothermal collector.
  • the method may further include controlling a thermal coupling between the geothermal collector and the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium depending on a second temperature difference.
  • a first temperature of the second temperature difference can be linked to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium; and/or a second temperature of the second temperature difference can be linked to the geothermal collector.
  • the system may have a second heat storage and exchanger.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger may have any or all of the features described above in connection with the second heat storage and exchanger of the fourth aspect.
  • the method can further comprise carrying out the method steps that relate to the heat storage and exchanger accordingly on the second heat storage and exchanger.
  • the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to a cold side of the heat pump; and the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger may be coupled to a warm side of the heat pump.
  • the first fluid line of the first heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the warm side of the heat pump and the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the warm side of the heat pump.
  • a computer program is configured to cause an electronic control system to carry out the method according to the seventh aspect.
  • a local heating network has a first heat storage and exchanger, a second heat storage and exchanger and a geothermal heat collector.
  • the first heat storage and exchanger is a heat storage and exchanger as described above in connection with the first aspect.
  • the local heating network has a system as described above, and the first heat storage and exchanger is the heat storage and exchanger of the system.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger is a heat storage and exchanger as described above in connection with the first aspect.
  • the local heating network has a system as described above, and the first heat storage and exchanger is the heat storage and exchanger of the system.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger is spatially separated from the first heat storage and exchanger, for example by at least 50 m or by at least 100 m or by at least 200 m.
  • the geothermal heat collector is thermally coupled to the first heat storage and exchanger and the second heat storage and exchanger, and is designed to store heat or cold in a surrounding soil and at least part of the stored heat or cold to the soil at a later point in time refer to.
  • the heat network can further have a line that is designed to thermally couple the first heat storage and exchanger and the second heat storage and exchanger to one another.
  • a first area of the line can have thermal insulation.
  • a second portion of the conduit may have less or no thermal insulation to form the geothermal collector.
  • a local heating network system has a local heating network as described above, and further a second local heating network.
  • the second local heating network has the following: a first low-temperature heat storage, a second low-temperature heat storage and a second geothermal collector.
  • the first low-temperature heat storage is a heat storage and exchanger as described above in connection with the first aspect.
  • the local heating network has a system as described above, and the first low-temperature heat storage is the second heat storage and exchanger of the system.
  • the thermal storage medium of the first low-temperature heat storage has a lower temperature than the thermal storage medium of the first heat storage and exchanger.
  • the second low-temperature heat storage is a heat storage and exchanger as described above in connection with the first aspect.
  • the local heating network has a system as described above, and the first low-temperature heat storage is the second heat storage and exchanger of the system.
  • the second low-temperature heat storage is spatially separated from the first low-temperature heat storage, for example by at least 50 m or by at least 100 m or by at least 200 m.
  • the thermal storage medium of the second low-temperature heat storage has a lower temperature than the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger.
  • the second geothermal collector is thermally coupled to the first low-temperature heat storage and the second low-temperature heat storage, and is designed to store second heat or cold in a surrounding soil and at least a portion of the stored second heat or cold to the ground at a later time point in time.
  • the local heating network system further comprises a thermally insulating partition that is designed to thermally isolate a region of the local heating network from a region of the second local heating network.
  • the thermally insulating partition can be arranged at least partially underground.
  • 5f a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example
  • 5g a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example
  • 5i a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example;
  • 6a - 6e a system with a heat storage and exchanger that is coupled to a local heating network
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 has a storage container 106 for a thermal storage medium 108, as well as a heat exchanger 104, which is partially arranged in the storage container 106.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is particularly suitable for retrofitting existing systems.
  • the storage container 106 is dimensioned sufficiently large to accommodate such a large amount (e.g. volume) of the thermal storage medium 108 that it provides a heat capacity in order to meet the heat requirement of a building over a longer period of time, such as several days. Weeks or months to cover.
  • the storage container 106 can be designed for the heat requirements of a single-family home and its volume can be approximately 2 m 3 , 5 m 3 , 10 m 3 , 15 m 3 or 20 m 3 , depending on the size of the single-family home.
  • a larger storage container 106 or a plurality of storage containers 106 is provided for a larger individual building or a building complex.
  • the storage container 106 with the thermal storage medium 108 contained therewith enables the use of energy in the form of heat that is stored during times of good availability (during the day, in summer, or in periods of warm and/or sunny weather). To fully or partially meet a building's need for heat during a period of poor availability (at night, in winter, or during periods of cold and/or sunny weather).
  • the storage container 106 is designed to be placed in the ground. Accordingly, its wall consists of an opaque, liquid-tight and preferably corrosion-resistant material such as steel. Alternatively or additionally, a wall made of concrete is provided to mechanically reinforce the wall.
  • the storage container 106 provides an area for the thermal storage medium 108.
  • the storage container 106 provides a target filling level 116 for the thermal storage medium 108.
  • Fluid lines 102a, 102b extend above the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108, ie above the target filling level 116. In other words, areas of the fluid lines 102a, 102b lie outside the storage area.
  • holder 106 are arranged (e.g. inlets/outlets or connecting elements of the fluid lines 102a, 102b), higher in the vertical direction than the area of the storage container 106 for the storage medium 108 or higher than the target filling level 116.
  • the fluid lines 102a, 102b accessible from above and also above ground if the storage container 106 is arranged underground.
  • the underground arrangement does not necessarily mean that the entire storage container 106 is arranged below the surface of the earth. In some embodiments, only the lower region of the storage container 106 is located below the earth's surface, for example the lowest 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of its height extent.
  • the top of the storage container 106 preferably closes with the surface of the earth or is arranged slightly above the surface of the earth, so that the inlet/outlet lines or connection elements of the fluid lines 102a, 102b are accessible above ground.
  • the areas of the fluid lines 102a, 102b that are arranged outside the storage container 106 are higher in the vertical direction than the entire storage container 106 .
  • the storage container 106 is also referred to below as cistern storage 106 due to its dimensions (at least 1 m 3 , in particular 2 m 3 for the thermal storage medium) and material composition (opaque, liquid-tight and preferably corrosion-resistant).
  • the cross-sectional area is always the same in horizontal planes at different heights (i.e. over the entire height extent of the storage container 106). In alternative embodiments, the cross-sectional area decreases towards the top. In any case, the cross-sectional area does not increase significantly towards the top.
  • the cross-sectional area is round, and in alternative embodiments it is elliptical.
  • the absence of corners, projections or bulges in the cross-sectional area further facilitates descent into the pit.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 minimizes its space requirement (ie the need for floor space) in the building to be supplied with heat or on the property in which it is installed.
  • the heat storage and exchanger too can be used as an underground heat storage and exchanger 100, for example, as a retrofit component for an existing system.
  • the heat exchanger 104 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 is designed as a double-tube heat exchanger.
  • the second fluid line 102b is arranged coaxially around the first fluid line 102a.
  • the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b are thus in thermal contact via a common wall.
  • the heat exchanger 104 is a plate heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a multiple-tube heat exchanger with more than two coaxial lines, with the outermost two lines serving as the first fluid line 102a and second fluid line 102b.
  • the arrangement of the heat exchanger 104 in the storage container 106 enables a large tube length of the (particularly double-tube) heat exchanger, and thus an effective heat transfer between the first and second fluid lines 102, 102b.
  • the space available in the storage container 106 is larger than in a conventional arrangement of a heat exchanger in a heat pump.
  • a multiple-tube heat exchanger i.e. with more than two lines that are arranged coaxially in thermal contact with one another
  • a plate heat exchanger or a tube bundle heat exchanger can be installed in order to also benefit from the larger space available.
  • the double-tube heat exchanger 104 is spiral-shaped with a height of 2 m and a diameter of 0.5 m, but there are diameters of 1 m, 2 m, 3 m or 4 (adapted to the annual energy requirements of the building to be supplied). m possible.
  • a first section 144 of the heat exchanger 104 is arranged below the target filling level 116 (ie is arranged in the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108) and protrudes above its outer wall, which at the same time forms the outer wall of the second fluid line 102b, in thermal contact with the region of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108.
  • the region of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108 surrounds the second fluid line 102b, and in embodiments with a double-tube heat exchanger, the first fluid line 102a.
  • the arrangement of the heat exchanger 104 (particularly its first section 144) in the storage container 106 (particularly in the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108) results in a triple heat exchanger consisting of the first fluid line 102a, second fluid line 102b and storage container 106 (in particular the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108 or below the target filling level 116).
  • This arrangement enables the exchange of heat between a fluid in the first fluid line 102a, a fluid in the second fluid line 102b and the thermal storage medium 108.
  • the arrangement of the heat exchanger 104 in the storage container 106 also enables effective heat transfer, as described above in connection with the heat transfer between the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b described.
  • the heat exchanger 104 extends upwards through the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108 to above the target filling level 116 of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108.
  • a first area 144 is therefore (e.g. below the target filling level 116 the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108) of the heat exchanger 104 is in thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108, while a second region 138 (e.g. above the target filling height 116 of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108) of the heat exchanger 104 is not in contact with the thermal storage medium 108 (or the area of the storage container 106 intended for this purpose) is in thermal contact, i.e. H. spaced from it or insulated from it by air.
  • the first section 144 corresponds to the middle region of the heat exchanger 144
  • the second region 138 corresponds to the two end regions 138 of the heat exchanger 104.
  • the thermal conductivity between the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b can be considered as a reference variable for the presence or absence of thermal contact between a section of the heat exchanger 104 and the thermal storage medium 108.
  • the thermal conductivity between the section of the heat exchanger 104 and the thermal storage medium 108 e.g. per length
  • the thermal conductivity between the section of the heat exchanger 104 and the thermal storage medium 108 lower (e.g. simply lower, or lower by a factor of 2, 3, 5 or 10) than the thermal conductivity between the first Fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b
  • there is no thermal contact This results in the temperatures of fluids in the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b becoming more similar to each other than (e.g. each) to the temperature of the thermal storage medium 108.
  • the heat exchanger 104 is connected to the thermal storage medium in its central region 144 (ie in its first section 144). io8 is in thermal contact, the temperature of fluids that flow through the fluid lines 102a, 102b largely equalizes to the temperature of the thermal storage medium 108. In at least one end region 138 (ie in its second section 138), however, the heat exchanger 104 is not in thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108. Consequently, the temperature of a fluid that flows through one of the fluid lines 102a, 102b approaches after flowing through the central region 144 of the heat exchanger 104, in this end region 138, to the temperature of the fluid in the other fluid line 102a, 102b.
  • the heat exchanger 104 is preferably operated as a countercurrent heat exchanger.
  • the temperature of the outflowing fluid in one fluid line 102a, 102b equalizes to the temperature of the inflowing fluid in the other fluid line 102a, 102b.
  • the temperature spread between these fluids is greater than the temperature difference of the outflowing fluid to the thermal storage medium 108.
  • the outflowing fluid in the end region 138 of the heat exchanger 104 is cooled or heated to a greater extent than would be the case without thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108. if the thermal contact of the heat exchanger 104 to the thermal storage medium 108 existed over the entire length of the heat exchanger 104.
  • the outflowing fluid from the second fluid line 102b is directed to a photovoltaic system for cooling, while the inflowing fluid into the first fluid line 102a from a cold side of a heat pump provides the required cold.
  • the end region 138 of the heat exchanger 104 achieves a lower temperature of the fluid flowing out of the second fluid line 102b and thus improved cooling of the photovoltaic system.
  • the extent of temperature equalization of the fluid lines 102a, 102b (or the fluids contained therein) in the end region 138 of the heat exchanger can be controlled by controlling the flow velocity of at least one of the fluids (in particular both fluids) in its fluid line 102a, 102b (in particular in the both fluid lines 102a, 102b).
  • a high flow velocity prevents any significant temperature adjustment between the fluid lines 102a, 102b (or the fluids contained therein).
  • the outflowing fluid essentially has the temperature of the thermal storage medium 108.
  • a low flow velocity causes a strong temperature adjustment between the fluid lines 102a, 102b (or the fluids contained therein), and the outflowing fluid essentially has the temperature of the other fluid line (or the fluid contained therein).
  • a temperature sensor is preferred for detecting the temperature of the outflowing fluid, and the flow velocity of one of the fluids (or the two fluids) through the associated fluid line(s) 102a, 102b is relative to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (in particular to achieve a predetermined one target temperature).
  • the thermal storage medium 108 consists largely (for example in terms of its volume) of water.
  • an antifreeze is included, so that the freezing point of the thermal storage medium 108 is below that of water, for example at a maximum of -1° or a maximum of -2 0 , and for low-temperature applications also below -20° C. or -35° C.
  • thermal storage media 108 are used that have a melting point in the range from 10°C to 70°C (e.g. 10°C, 20°C or 30°C) , such as paraffins. This means that even when used as a high-temperature heat storage medium, the heat capacity of the storage medium 108 can be increased by utilizing its latent heat at the phase transition.
  • the wall of the storage container 106 enables thermal coupling of the thermal storage medium 108 to a medium surrounding the thermal storage container 106.
  • the storage container 106 is arranged in the ground that forms the surrounding medium.
  • the antifreeze contained in the thermal storage medium 108 and its freezing point below that of water ensure that when the temperature drops (in particular below the freezing point of water), water in the surrounding medium first freezes before the thermal storage medium 108 freezes.
  • the thermal storage medium 108 is thus effectively protected from freezing, or the storage container 106 is protected from frost damage due to a volume expansion of the thermal storage medium 108 when freezing.
  • an antifreeze such as glycol is contained in the thermal storage medium 108 in a concentration of up to 50% in order to further lower the freezing point of the thermal storage medium 108, for example to -20° C or -35°C.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 (or the heat exchanger 104) is used as a countercurrent heat exchanger, that is, a fluid flow through the first fluid line 102a is directed in the opposite direction to a fluid flow through the second fluid line 102b. This further improves the effectiveness of heat transfer between the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b.
  • FIG. 2a shows a heat storage and exchanger 100 according to a second exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of FIG. 1. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 2a is formed with a number of modifications. According to different embodiments, a heat storage and exchanger 100 is formed with only one or a combination of the modifications described.
  • the height h of the area of the storage container 106 intended for the thermal storage medium is similar to the corresponding height in the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 1 and is approximately 2 m.
  • the storage container 106 of FIG. 2a Above the area provided for the thermal storage medium, there is an area 142 (referred to as dome 142 in the context of this disclosure), which is not intended for the thermal storage medium, but rather provides space for other elements, in particular the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b.
  • the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b pass through the dome 142 in a straight line in the vertical direction.
  • the supply/discharge lines 112, 114 are thus arranged above the dome 142.
  • the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b in the dome bend to the side (in the horizontal direction) coming from below.
  • the supply/discharge lines 112, 114 are arranged laterally from the dome 142.
  • the area of the storage container 106 intended for the thermal storage medium is arranged in the ground, while the dome 142 is at least partially arranged above ground.
  • the fluid lines 102a, 102b are therefore accessible above ground for connection.
  • An additional heat exchanger 118 with supply/discharge lines 120 for a fluid is arranged in the storage container 106 of FIG. 2a.
  • the additional heat exchanger 118 enables an effective and controllable thermal coupling of the heat storage and exchanger 100 or the thermal storage medium arranged therein to a medium surrounding the storage container 106, specifically to the ground when the storage container 106 is arranged underground.
  • a geothermal heat collector is used for this arranged in the ground, and is a fluid line of the geothermal collector connected to the supply/discharge lines 120.
  • the flow of a fluid (for example a brine) through the additional heat exchanger 118 and serially through the fluid line of the geothermal heat collector is controlled via a valve and/or a circulation pump, and thus the thermal coupling of the heat storage and exchanger 100 to the ground.
  • the fluid line of the additional heat exchanger 118 passes laterally through the storage container 106.
  • the supply/discharge lines 120 are arranged laterally from the storage container 106.
  • the fluid line of the additional heat exchanger 118 passes upward (like the fluid lines 102a, 102b) through the storage container 106.
  • the inlet/outlet lines 120 are arranged above the area of the storage container 106 intended for the thermal storage medium 108.
  • the supply/discharge lines 112, 114 described above they can run partially horizontally above the storage medium 108. A corresponding arrangement can make it easier to connect the supply/discharge lines 120 to the geothermal collector.
  • the heat exchanger 104 of FIG. 2a has thermal insulation 140 in one of its end sections 138. This is designed as a casing of at least one of the fluid lines 102a, 102b with a thermally insulating material, in particular a porous material and/or one with a vacuumed area. In the illustrated embodiment with the double-tube heat exchanger 104, the two fluid lines 102a, 102b are encased.
  • the thermal insulation 140 thus defines the end region 138 of the heat exchanger 104 without thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108, with the effects and advantages described in connection with the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • a difference between the two embodiments is that in the exemplary embodiment of FIG 108 (e.g. above the target filling level 116) is arranged.
  • the extent and position of the end region 138 of the heat exchanger 104 can be controlled in a targeted and independent manner without thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108 (and thus the temperature adjustment of the fluid lines 102a, 102b or the fluids contained therein). Course of the fluid lines 102a, 102b can be adjusted.
  • an end region 138 of the heat exchanger the thermal insulation 140.
  • both end regions 138 are equipped with thermal insulation.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 2a also includes a pressure compensation vessel 130a, 130b, 130c.
  • the pressure compensation vessel 130a, 130b, 130c has a pressure compensation bag 130a for an expansion fluid 136, a riser pipe 130b and a pressure compensation container 130c.
  • the pressure compensation bag 130a is filled with the expansion liquid 136 when the thermal storage medium is in the liquid state.
  • the pressure compensation container 130c provides a gas volume that at least corresponds to the increase in volume of the thermal storage medium upon freezing (e.g. 8% in the case of water).
  • the thermal storage medium freezes during operation, its volume increases, in the case of water by approximately 8%.
  • the thermal storage medium compresses the pressure compensation bag 130a and part of the expansion liquid 136 previously contained therein through the riser pipe 130b into the pressure compensation container 130c.
  • the expansion fluid 136 displaces the gas in the gas volume there. As a result, the thermal storage medium can expand without any risk of damage to the storage container 106.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 2a is therefore particularly suitable for use as a low-temperature heat storage or as a cold storage.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 in particular for use as a low-temperature heat storage or as a cold storage, in some embodiments has a circulation device 150, for example a circulation pump 150 or an agitator 150. This circulates the storage medium 108 in the storage container 106 when the temperature of the storage medium 108 reaches or falls below its freezing point.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 includes the circulation device 150 in addition to the pressure compensation vessel 130a, 130b, 130c.
  • the circulation device 150 reduces ice formation and improves heat conduction in the storage container 106.
  • the circulation device 150 delays stratification reversal that would otherwise occur when using a thermal storage medium comprising water (ie, aqueous) whose temperature passes through 4°C. Since the density of the aqueous thermal storage medium reaches its maximum at around 4°C, at a (e.g. average) temperature of the storage container (or the thermal storage medium contained therein) there is warmer or warmer water at temperatures above or below 4°C. colder thermal storage medium in the upper area of the thermal storage container. In the lower area of the thermal storage container, however, there is colder or warmer thermal storage medium. When passing through the temperature of 4°C, the stratification reversal occurs. The circulation device 150 reduces stratification of the thermal storage medium, thus delaying the reversal of stratification and ultimately reducing ice formation.
  • a thermal storage medium comprising water (ie, aqueous) whose temperature passes through 4°C. Since the density of the aqueous thermal storage medium reaches its maximum at around 4°C, at a (e.g. average)
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 2b also has a flow channel 146, 148 which is arranged in the thermal storage container 106.
  • the flow channel 146, 148 is arranged in such a way that it specifies and/or limits the direction of the flow 152 generated by the circulation device 150 towards the heat exchanger 104; for this purpose it encloses at least a section of the flow 152 generated.
  • the flow channel 146, 148 is formed by two mutually concentric tubes 146, 148.
  • the outer tube 148 encloses a section of the heat exchanger 104, as well as a section of the generated flow 152 and the circulation device 150 itself. It thus limits the generated flow 152 to the outside and gives it a direction towards the heat exchanger 104 by preventing it that the flow 152 moves too far away from the heat exchanger 104.
  • the outer tube 148 is concentric with the double tube heat exchanger 104.
  • the flow channel 146, 148 also includes an inner tube 146, but this is optional and is omitted in some embodiments.
  • the inner tube 146 further limits the flow 152 generated, namely inwards, and thus also gives it a direction towards the heat exchanger 104.
  • the inner tube 146 is concentric with the double tube heat exchanger 104 and also with the outer tube 148.
  • the flow channel 146, 148 improves the effectiveness of the circulation device 150 by directing the flow 152 generated by it towards the heat exchanger 104, ie limiting it and giving it the direction towards the heat exchanger 104. This improves the heat transfer between heat exchanger 104 and storage container or thermal storage medium in all embodiments; Accordingly, the circulation device 150 and optionally the flow channel 146, 148 can be provided in connection with all of the described embodiments.
  • the circulation device can delay or avoid ice formation on the heat exchanger 104 particularly effectively. Ice formation is particularly undesirable on the heat exchanger 104, since it can lead to reduced heat conduction (in particular between the heat exchanger 104 and the thermal storage container 106 or the thermal storage medium) or even to frost damage to the heat exchanger 104.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 2b is therefore particularly well adapted to use as a latent heat storage or as an ice storage as well as to use at temperatures around freezing point .
  • one or all of the features described in connection with FIG. 2a can optionally be provided.
  • FIG. 3 shows a heat storage and exchanger 100 according to a third exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of FIG. 1, FIG. 2a and that of FIG. 2b. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 3 is formed with a number of modifications. According to different embodiments, a heat storage and exchanger 100 is formed with only one or a combination of the modifications described.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 3 is designed as a multi-zone heat storage.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 3 has three additional heat exchangers 118, 122, 126, which are arranged at different heights.
  • the thermal storage medium 108 in the storage container 106 of the heat storage and exchanger 100 has a temperature curve in which the temperature goes from below increases at the top (temperature stratification).
  • the different heights at which the additional heat exchangers 118, 122, 126 are arranged in the storage container 106 correspond to different temperatures of the thermal storage medium 108 in the storage container 106.
  • the lowest additional heat exchanger 118 serves for thermal coupling to a geothermal heat collector or to the surrounding soil.
  • the middle additional heat exchanger 122 serves to remove heat at a first, lower temperature, for example for a heating system.
  • the upper additional heat exchanger 126 serves to extract heat at a second, higher temperature, for example for process water.
  • the additional heat exchangers 118, 122, 126 or their supply/discharge lines 120, 124, 128 are led laterally out of the storage container 106.
  • the additional heat exchangers 118, 122, 126 or their supply/discharge lines 120, 124, 128 are led upwards out of the storage container 106, as in connection with the exemplary embodiments of FIG. 1, FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b for the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b.
  • This can simplify the connection of further elements to the supply/discharge lines 120, 124, 128, especially if the storage container 106 is largely arranged underground (for example in terms of its height), but its top protrudes from the ground.
  • the end portion 138 of the heat exchanger includes thermal insulation 140 as described above.
  • a fluid in the first fluid line 102a flows out through this end region 138 to the inlet/outlet line 114 from the storage container 106 (upwards in FIG. 3), for example to the warm side of a heat pump. Its temperature is adjusted to that of a fluid that flows into the second fluid line 112b in the end region 138 from the supply line 112 into the storage container 106 (downward in FIG. 3), for example coming from a geothermal collector.
  • the outflowing fluid in the first fluid line 102a is above that of the inflowing fluid in the second fluid line 102b, the outflowing fluid in the first fluid line 102a is further cooled (heat is removed from it), the inflowing fluid in the second fluid line 102b is heated ( absorbs heat).
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 also has in the uppermost section of the storage container 106 a section 138 'of the first fluid line 102a (not shown), which is thermally coupled to the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108, but from the second Fluid line 102b is thermally insulated.
  • the double-tube heat exchanger 104 is not designed in this area. Rather, the first fluid line 102a is in direct thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108 and forms a heat exchanger with it, but is thermally insulated from the second fluid line 102b.
  • the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b are spaced apart from one another in this section 138' (e.g.
  • the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b in the section 138' are guided into the storage container separately from each other by one of their inlet/outlet lines 112, 114, and are only brought together in the storage container 106 to form the heat exchanger 104.
  • the first fluid line 102a transfers the heat contained therein (or in the fluid it carries) directly after it enters the storage container 106 to the thermal storage medium 108 in the uppermost region of the storage container 106.
  • the first fluid line 102a leads in In this area 138 ', a fluid flows into the storage container 106 from the warm side of a heat pump.
  • the heat transfer therefore takes place at maximum temperature, i.e. H. essentially at the temperature of the warm side of the heat pump or at the temperature at which the fluid coming from the heat pump flows into the storage container; in particular without a significant temperature loss due to heat transfer from the first fluid line 102a to the second fluid line 102b.
  • An upper region 132a of the lateral surface (upper lateral region) of the storage container 106 has thermal insulation 134. Thermal insulation is not present in a lower region 132b of the lateral surface (lower lateral region) of the storage container 106.
  • the upper jacket region 132a is more thermally insulated from a medium surrounding the storage container 106 than the lower jacket region 134a, typically at least three times more (ie with a thermal conductance at least three times lower).
  • the height extent hi of the upper jacket region 132a is approximately twice as large as the height extent h2 of the lower jacket region 132b.
  • the height extension hi (I12) of the upper (or lower) jacket area 132a (132b) is approximately two thirds (approximately one third) of the height extension h of the area of the storage container 106 intended for the thermal storage medium.
  • the weaker or substantially non-existent thermal insulation of the lower jacket region 132b results in a thermal coupling of the lower jacket region 132b to the medium surrounding the storage container 106, typically to the soil surrounding the storage container 106.
  • the medium or soil surrounding the storage container 106 is made usable as an additional thermal storage medium for heat at low temperatures.
  • the upper region of the storage container 106 in which the thermal storage medium has a higher temperature, is thermally insulated by the upper jacket region 132a and the insulation 134 in order to ensure a sufficiently high temperature in the upper region of the storage container 106, for example for process water.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 3 is particularly suitable (e.g. due to its structure as a multi-zone heat storage) for use as a high-temperature heat storage.
  • FIG 4 shows a system 200 with a heat storage and exchanger 100 according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the system 200 includes the heat storage and exchanger 100, a second heat storage and exchanger 210, a control device 202, a heat pump 204, a solar system 206, 208.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is similar to that of FIG. 1, FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b or FIG. 3.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is also similar to that of FIG. 1, FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b or FIG. 3. However, in other embodiments, the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is different or simpler structure. Various embodiments are possible as long as the second heat storage and exchanger 210 has a storage container 220, a first fluid line 212a and a second fluid line 212b, and is designed to transfer heat between the first fluid line 212a and the storage container 220 (or . a thermal storage medium arranged therein) and between the second fluid line 212b and the storage container 220 (or the thermal storage medium arranged therein). In the illustrated embodiment this is achieved by a single heat exchanger 222, but in alternative embodiments multiple heat exchangers may be provided.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is similar to at least one of the heat storage and exchangers 100 of FIGS. 1, 2a, 2b or FIG. 3.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 4 can be constructed more simply as long as it has the features described above in connection with the second heat storage and exchanger 210.
  • the system 200 is operated at least temporarily (e.g. during summer or winter) in such a way that one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 is operated as a low-temperature heat storage (i.e. as a cold storage), and the other heat storage and -exchanger 100, 210 as high-temperature heat storage.
  • a low-temperature heat storage i.e. as a cold storage
  • the other heat storage and -exchanger 100, 210 as high-temperature heat storage.
  • the temperature spread between the cold storage and the high-temperature heat storage is kept as large as possible, e.g. B. by releasing heat into the high-temperature heat storage and cold into the cold storage when the heat pump 204 is in operation.
  • the efficiency of the system 200 is improved compared to a conventional heat recovery system in which the cold energy released by the heat pump is used as a waste product is released into the environment, e.g. air or groundwater.
  • the efficiency of the system 200 is improved compared to a conventional air conditioning system in which the thermal energy released by the heat pump is released into the environment as a waste product.
  • the system 200 also enables temporary use of both heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 as cold storage or (high-temperature) heat storage, in particular at the transition from winter to summer or from summer to winter.
  • both heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 Towards the end of winter, as much cold as possible is introduced into both heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 in order to be available for cooling in the summer.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is thermally coupled to a cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 by means of the first fluid line 102a.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is thermally coupled to the solar system 206, 208 by means of the second fluid line 102b.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is thermally coupled to a geothermal collector 224 in the ground 230 by means of the additional heat exchanger 118.
  • the thermal coupling between the heat storage and exchanger 100 and the soil 230 is effected by the wall of the heat storage and exchanger 100.
  • the additional heat exchanger 118 couples the heat storage and exchanger 100 to a (in particular local) heating network.
  • the additional heat exchanger 118 is coupled directly to the (local) heating network (i.e. instead of to the geothermal collector 224 and/or the soil 230), or in series with the geothermal collector 224 and/or the soil 230.
  • the latter embodiment is particularly advantageous Implementation of a (local) heating network across several buildings or properties that are in proximity to one another, i.e. H. in a quarter, are arranged.
  • a system 200 is installed in every building or on every property to supply it.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 100 of the systems are connected to one another by means of the associated geothermal heat collectors 224 (e.g. in series with the) in order to realize a common heat storage (in particular a low-temperature heat storage or cold storage) of large capacity.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 210 of the systems 200 are connected to one another by means of the associated geothermal heat collectors 228 in order to realize a further common heat storage (in particular a high-temperature heat storage) of large capacity.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is thermally coupled to a warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 by means of its first fluid line 212a.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is thermally coupled to the solar system 206, 208 by means of its second fluid line 212b.
  • the solar system 206, 208 shown consists of a photovoltaic system 206 and a photothermal system 208. In alternative exemplary embodiments, the solar system has no photovoltaic system 206 or photothermal system 208, or it has several photovoltaic systems 206 or photothermal systems 208.
  • the photovoltaic system 206 and the photothermal system 208 can be integrated with one another as a monolithic unit (e.g. a single system can take on the function of a photovoltaic system 206 and a photothermal system 208) or be spatially separated from one another.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is thermally coupled to a geothermal collector 228 in the ground 232 by means of the additional heat exchanger 218.
  • the thermal coupling between the second heat storage and exchanger 210 and the soil 232 is effected through the wall of the heat storage and exchanger 100, preferably through a lower jacket area of the storage container 220, as corresponding in connection with FIG. 3 described.
  • the system 200 has control lines that connect the controller 202 to the other components.
  • the control lines are shown as dashed lines.
  • the control lines are designed to transmit electrical signals and thereby enable the control device 202 to control the components connected to the control device 202.
  • control device 202 is connected to the photovoltaic system 206 and the heat pump 204.
  • control device 202 Through its connection to the photovoltaic system 206, the control device 202 receives information regarding the electrical power currently produced by the photovoltaic system 206.
  • the control device 202 controls the operating state of the heat pump 204, i.e. H. the current performance of the heat pump.
  • the control device 202 can switch the heat pump 204 off or on.
  • the control device 202 also provides an input in order to obtain further information regarding the availability of electrical power in addition to the electrical power currently produced by the photovoltaic system 206.
  • This information relates, among other things, to the availability of electrical power from wind power.
  • the information relates to a consumption of electrical power, for example in a building assigned to the system 200.
  • the availability of electrical power refers to the difference between provided electrical power, for example from the photovoltaic system 206 and/or a wind turbine, and the consumption of electrical power.
  • the control device 202 also provides an input to receive information regarding a heat requirement, for example regarding a building or building complex to be supplied with heat.
  • control device 202 is connected to temperature sensors, which determine the temperature of the photovoltaic system 206, the photothermal system 208, the soil 230, the soil 232, the heat storage and exchanger 100 (in particular the thermal storage medium of the) and the (especially the thermal storage medium of the) second heat storage and exchanger 210 and transmit it to the control unit 202.
  • a heat storage and exchanger is designed as a multi-zone heat exchanger, it has several temperature sensors that are set up to determine the temperature at different heights of its storage container and to transmit it to the control unit 202.
  • control device 202 is connected to valves and flow regulators, which are shown as circles at connection points between fluid lines.
  • the control device uses the valves and flow regulators to regulate the direction and flow of the fluid flow through the respective fluid line.
  • control device 202 controls circulation pumps (not shown) and thereby the flows of the fluid flows through the fluid lines.
  • control device 220 controls the flow (e.g. the flow rate) through at least one of the fluid lines 102a, 102b in order to control the temperature of a fluid as it flows out of one of the two fluid lines 102a, 102b, for example as in connection with the end region 138 1, 2a and 2b.
  • controller 220 controls the flow (e.g., flow rate) through at least one of the fluid lines 212a, 212b to control the temperature of a fluid as it flows out of one of the two fluid lines 212a, 212b.
  • 5a shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of FIG. 4. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. 5a also illustrates a first operating mode 500a of a method for operating the system according to an example. [0303] In the first operating mode 500a of FIG.
  • the control device 202 controls the heat pump 104 and the fluid flows through the fluid lines such that a closed fluid flow is generated through the solar system 206, 208, the second fluid line 102b and the heat exchanger 104; that the heat pump 204 is in the switched-on operating state; that a closed fluid flow is generated through the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 102a; and that a closed fluid flow is generated through the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 212a.
  • This first operating mode is particularly advantageous when the solar system 206, 208 has a higher temperature than the heat storage and exchanger 100 or its thermal storage medium. In this case, heat is transferred from the solar system 206, 208 into the heat storage and exchanger 100. The solar system thus serves as a photothermal system 208. In addition, the heat storage and exchanger 100 cools the solar system 206, 208, which increases the efficiency of the photovoltaic system 206.
  • the cooling of the photovoltaic system 206 is further improved in that the fluid that reaches the photovoltaic system 206 through the second fluid line 102b is in the heat exchanger 104 in effective heat exchange with the cold fluid from the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 stands that flows through the first fluid line 102a.
  • the heat exchanger 104 has an area at its end (from the perspective of the fluid flow through the second fluid line 102b) that is thermally insulated from the thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger 100, the fluid flow through the second fluid line 102b is below the Temperature of the (in particular thermal storage medium of) heat storage and exchanger 100 is cooled, which further improves the cooling of the photovoltaic system 206.
  • the warm side 216 of the heat pump is thermally coupled to the second heat storage and exchanger 210, in particular to its first fluid line 212a.
  • the heat from the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 is thus stored in the second heat storage and exchanger 210 and made usable for times of poor availability.
  • This first operating mode is therefore particularly advantageous when the availability of electrical power for operating the heat pump 204 is good, in particular when the electrical power currently provided by the photovoltaic system 206 exceeds a predefined critical value or electrical Performance is readily available according to another of the criteria described above.
  • active operating modes are characterized, for example, by the fact that the heat pump is operated with an output of at least 10%, at least 20% or at least 30% of its maximum output, or in that the heat pump is operated with an output of at least 10%, at least 20% or at least 30% of a peak power of the photovoltaic system 206 is operated.
  • an active operating mode is always selected, in particular if the power currently provided by the photovoltaic system 206 electrical power exceeds a current consumption of electrical energy and/or a predefined critical value. Energy is therefore stored as heat in the second heat storage and exchanger 210 when it is available particularly well or even in excess as electrical power.
  • the active operating mode is selected if electrical power is readily available according to another of the criteria described above.
  • Fig. 5b shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of Fig. 4. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. 5b also illustrates a second operating mode 500p of a method for operating the system according to an example.
  • control device 202 controls the heat pump 104 and the fluid flows through the fluid lines such that a closed fluid flow is generated through the solar system 206, 208, the second fluid line 102b and the heat exchanger 104; and that the heat pump 204 is in the switched off operating state.
  • the closed fluid flow through the second fluid line 102b in the second operating mode corresponds to that in the first operating mode, except However, when the heat pump 204 is switched off.
  • the second operating mode 500p as a passive operating mode corresponds to the first operating mode 500a as an active operating mode.
  • the fluid flow is directed through the first heat storage and exchanger 100
  • the fluid flow is directed through the second heat storage and exchanger 210. This can be achieved by changing the valves 508a, 508b.
  • operating modes in which the heat pump 204 is in the switched off operating state are referred to as passive.
  • Passive operating modes are characterized, for example, by the fact that the heat pump is operated with an output that corresponds to at most half, at most a third, at most a quarter, or at most a fifth of the output in the corresponding active operating mode.
  • the heat pump is operated with an output of a maximum of 9%, a maximum of 6% or a maximum of 3% of its maximum output, or with an output of a maximum of 9%, a maximum of 6% or a maximum of 3% of a peak output of the photovoltaic system 206.
  • a passive operating mode is always selected when the availability of electrical power for operating the heat pump 204 is poor, in particular when the electrical power currently provided by the photovoltaic system 206 is poor current consumption of electrical energy and/or falls below a second predefined critical value. This means that power consumption by the heat pump 204 is kept low when electrical power is poorly available.
  • this second operating mode 500p is particularly advantageous when the solar system 206, 208 has a higher temperature than the heat storage and exchanger 100 or its thermal storage medium, in order to be that described above in connection with the first operating mode to achieve advantages.
  • the second operating mode is advantageous if the temperature of the solar system 206, 208 corresponds to or is below the freezing point of water, while the temperature of the heat storage and exchanger 100 or its thermal storage medium is above this. At appropriate temperatures, snow or ice can form on the solar system 206, 208.
  • snow or ice can be defrosted. This allows more light to reach the solar system 206, 208 and it can provide more electrical power and/or heat.
  • Fig. 5c shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of Fig. 4. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. 5c also illustrates the first operating mode 5ooa' of the method for operating the system according to a further example.
  • the first operating mode 5ooa' according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5c is similar to the first operating mode 500a according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5a.
  • the control unit 202 regulates in such a way that the closed fluid flow through the photovoltaic system 206, the photothermal system 208, the second fluid line 102b and the heat exchanger 104 also passes through the geothermal collector 224 in series.
  • the geothermal collector 224 or the soil 230 can thus be used as an additional heat storage.
  • the fluid passes through the geothermal collector 224 before passing through the upper region of the storage container 106.
  • This is particularly advantageous if the temperature of the fluid when fed into the geothermal collector 224 or after passing through the solar system 206, 208 (flow temperature) exceeds the temperature in the (particularly upper region of) the storage container 106.
  • the control unit 202 receives information about the flow temperature and the temperature in the (upper area of) the storage container 106. If the flow temperature exceeds the temperature in the (upper area of the) storage container 106, the control device 202 selects the operating mode 5ooa' and this is executed.
  • the fluid passes through the geothermal collector 224 after passing through the lower portion of the storage container 106.
  • the temperature of the geothermal storage is below the temperature of the (particularly lower region of the) storage container 106.
  • the control unit 202 selects such an operating mode and it is carried out when the flow temperature is below the temperature in (particularly the lower region of) the storage container 106.
  • 5d shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of FIG. 4. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals a further description is omitted. 5d also illustrates a third operating mode 530 of a method for operating the system according to an example.
  • the control device 202 controls the heat pump 204 and the fluid flows through the fluid lines such that the heat pump 204 is in the switched-on operating state; that a closed fluid flow is generated through the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 102a; and that a closed fluid flow is generated through the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 212a.
  • the third operating mode 510 thus allows heat to be transferred from the heat storage and exchanger 100 into the heat storage and exchanger 210.
  • a sufficiently high temperature of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 or its thermal storage medium can thus be ensured, particularly in its upper region, in which the heat exchanger 126 extracts heat for process water.
  • the temperature for process water is therefore regularly high enough to avoid the formation of legionella.
  • heat from the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 or cold from the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 is also transferred to a building 502 by means of the fluid line in 506b in order to heat or cool it.
  • heat transfer or cold transfer to the building 502 is dispensed with. Whether heat or cold or neither should be transferred to the building 502 is determined by the control device 202 based on an actual temperature of the building 502 and a target temperature for the building 502 that a user sets. In other words, the system is used for heating or cooling depending on the target temperature and actual temperature of the building.
  • the control unit 202 controls the execution of the operating mode accordingly.
  • a corresponding heat or cold transfer to the building 502 is optionally possible in all other active operating modes, for example in the operating modes described above in connection with FIGS. 5a and 5c.
  • the third operating mode is an active operating mode that is carried out when the availability of electrical power to operate the heat pump 204 is good.
  • the availability of electrical power is determined by the control unit 202 as described above.
  • 5e shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of FIG. 4. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. 5e also illustrates a fourth operating mode 520 of a method for operating the system according to an example.
  • the control device 202 controls the heat pump 204 and the fluid flows through the fluid lines such that a closed fluid flow is generated through the solar system 206, 208 and the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204; that the heat pump 204 is in the switched-on operating state; and that a closed fluid flow is generated through the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 212a.
  • the fourth operating mode 520 enables the provision of heat from the solar system 206, 208 for heating the building 502 or for storing it in the second heat storage and exchanger 210.
  • the heat can be in the heat storage and exchanger 100 are stored.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger 210 can be connected in series with the geothermal collector 228, so that the heat in the geothermal collector 228 and the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is stored.
  • the geothermal collector 224 can be connected in series when storing in the heat storage and exchanger 100.
  • the heat from the solar system 206, 208 is taken as a heat source.
  • the heat is taken from one of the geothermal collectors 224, 228 as a heat source.
  • a closed fluid flow is created through the geothermal collector 224 or 228 and the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204, instead of closed fluid flow through the solar system 206, 208 and the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204.
  • geothermal collector 224, geothermal collector 228 or solar system 206, 208 is used as a heat source, depending on which of these elements has the highest temperature. The selection is made automatically by the control unit 202 based on temperature sensors linked to these elements.
  • the heat is supplied to the building 502 through the fluid line 506a by means of the heat pump 204 and the fluid line 506b.
  • the heat is instead supplied to the building 502 through the fluid line 504, i.e. H. without using the heat pump 204 (and the fluid lines 506a, 506b).
  • Such alternative embodiments provide a passive mode of operation that otherwise corresponds to the active mode of operation shown.
  • the passive operating mode is advantageous if the temperature of the solar system 206, 208 (or the temperature of one of the geothermal collectors in 224, 228) exceeds the temperature of the heat storage and exchanger 100, or its storage medium, and/or if the availability of electrical power bad is.
  • Fig. 5f shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of Fig. 4. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. 5t also illustrates a fifth operating mode 530 of a method for operating the system according to an example.
  • the controller 202 controls the fluid flows through the fluid lines such that a closed fluid flow is generated through the heat exchanger 126 and the building 502.
  • heat for the building 502 for example for process water, can be taken from the second heat storage and exchanger 210.
  • the heat for the building 502 is supplied to the second heat storage and exchanger 210 by means of the heat exchanger 122 or to the heat storage and exchanger 100 by means of the heat exchanger 118 or by means of the geothermal heat collector 224 or by means of the geothermal heat collector 228 Soil 230 or 232 taken.
  • Which heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228 is used is determined by the control unit 202 based on temperatures at the respective heat exchangers 118, 122, 126 and based on a requested temperature, as well as based on the selection of an active or passive operating mode.
  • control device 202 determines whether an active or passive operating mode should be selected based on the availability of electrical power.
  • the control unit 202 selects the heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228, the temperature of which exceeds the requested temperature by the smallest amount. If there is no heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228 whose temperature exceeds the requested temperature, the control unit 202 selects the heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228 with the highest temperature or switches to an active operating mode.
  • control unit 202 selects the heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228 and couples it to the cold side of the heat pump 204, in which the warm side 216 the heat pump 204 exceeds the requested temperature by the smallest amount during operation (particularly with the inexpensive electrical power available).
  • FIG. 5g, FIG. 5h and FIG. 5! Examples of corresponding variants 530", 530", 530'" of the fifth operating mode 530 are in FIG. 5g, FIG. 5h and FIG. 5! shown.
  • thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger 100 has a temperature of around -2 0 corresponding to its freezing point
  • the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 has a temperature of 6o ° in the upper region and 20 ° in the lower region.
  • the soil 230 or 232 has a temperature of 5 0 or 6 °. Such a situation can occur during the day at the end of winter or at the beginning of spring.
  • An underfloor heating system in the building requests a temperature of 35° from the control device 202 based on a user selection.
  • an active operating mode is selected due to the good availability of electrical power.
  • the electrical power cheaply provided by the photovoltaic system 206 is not sufficient to operate the heat pump 204 with this power and a fluid from the storage container 106 with a temperature of -2 0 on the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 to heat the warm side 216 to the target temperature of 35 0 .
  • the electrical power cheaply provided by the photovoltaic system 206 is sufficient to provide the warm side 216 on the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 when the heat pump 204 is operated with this power and a fluid from the ground 230 with a temperature of 50 to heat to the target temperature of 35 0 .
  • the control unit 202 thus selects the geothermal collector 224 and couples it to the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204.
  • the building 502 is heated from the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204.
  • thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger 100 has a temperature of 11 0
  • thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 has a temperature of 75 0 in the upper region and 40 ° in the lower region.
  • the soil 230 or 232 has a temperature of 13 0 or 18°. Such a situation can occur on a night in summer.
  • An underfloor heating system in the building requests a temperature of 18° from the control device 202 based on a user selection.
  • a passive operating mode is selected due to the poor availability of electrical power.
  • neither the temperature of the heat storage and exchanger 100 nor the temperature of the soil 230 is sufficient to provide the target temperature of 18°.
  • the temperature of the soil 232 is sufficient to provide the target temperature of 18°.
  • the control unit 202 selects the geothermal collector 228 and couples it to the building 502 for heating.
  • the thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger 100 has a temperature of 8°
  • the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 has a temperature of 70° in the upper region and 40° in the lower region.
  • the soil 230 and 232 has a temperature of 7 0 and 14 0 , respectively. Such a situation can occur on a night in late summer or autumn after the outside temperature has fallen seasonally compared to that of the example in FIG. 5h.
  • An underfloor heating system in the building requests a temperature of 25 0 from the control device 202 based on a user selection.
  • a passive operating mode is selected due to the poor availability of electrical power.
  • neither the temperature of the heat storage and exchanger 100 nor the temperature of the soil 230, 232 is sufficient to provide the target temperature of 25 0 .
  • the temperature of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is sufficient to provide the target temperature of 25 ° .
  • control device 202 selects the second heat storage and exchanger 210 and couples it to the building 502 for heating.
  • the geothermal collector 224, 228 assigned to the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210 is preferably connected upstream of the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210 from one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, in particular if the Temperature of the associated geothermal collector 224, 228 is above the return temperature of the fluid from the building 502.
  • the geothermal collector 228 is connected upstream of the second heat storage and exchanger 210. This results in preheating the fluid from the building before it is passed through the second heat storage and exchanger 210.
  • the fluid thus removes some of the heat for heating the building 502 from the system at a lower temperature (from the geothermal collector 228) rather than at a higher temperature (from the second heat storage and exchanger 210). Heat extraction at a lower temperature further improves the energy efficiency of the system.
  • thermal stores can be combined, for example by mixing liquid heat-conducting media that are thermally coupled to different thermal stores, in particular by means of a mixing valve, in order to provide a requested temperature.
  • FIG. 6a shows a local heating network system 600 with a local heating network and a second local heating network.
  • the local heating network and the second local heating network are each based on heat storage and exchangers 100 or systems 200.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 100 can be similar to those in FIG. 1, FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b or FIG. 3.
  • the systems 200 may be similar to those of Fig. 4, Fig. 5a, Fig. 5b, Fig. 5c, Fig. sd, Fig. se, Fig. 5t, Fig. 5g, Fig. 5h or Fig. 5i.
  • the local heating network serves to store heat or cold with a greater heat capacity than that which a single heat storage and exchanger 100 or a single system 200 would provide.
  • the local heating network (or the second local heating network) is therefore also referred to below as a storage system (or complementary storage system).
  • the local heating network (i.e. storage system) comprises a plurality of systems 200. Each of the systems 200 is assigned to a building or property 602, e.g. B. arranged in or on it.
  • the systems 200 include a heat storage and exchanger 100 and optionally a second heat storage and exchanger 210, e.g. B. a second heat storage and exchanger 210 as described above in connection with FIG.
  • the systems 200 include geothermal heat collectors 224, which are assigned to one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, or two geothermal heat collectors 224, 228, which are assigned to the two heat storage and exchangers 100, 210.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 100 are connected to a storage system by means of the lines 604, optionally in series with the geothermal collectors 224. So that's it Heat storage capacity of the storage system is increased compared to that of the individual systems 200.
  • the storage system is a low-temperature storage system (cold storage system) made of low-temperature heat storage 100 (cold storage 100), for example according to Fig. 2a or Fig. 2b, or a high-temperature storage system made of high-temperature heat storage too, for example according to Fig. 3-
  • a corresponding high-temperature storage system is, in some embodiments, operated as an anergy network or as a cold heat network, i.e. at temperatures of the thermal storage medium in the range from 1 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably in the range from 10 ° C to 25 ° C .
  • Each of the systems 200 includes a pump (not shown) configured to drive a fluid flow in the lines 604 and/or in the lines 606, for example a hydraulic pump.
  • the pump is preferably controlled by the control device 200 described above, i.e. switched on or off when necessary.
  • a separate control device can be provided, which is coupled to the control device 200.
  • the pressure distribution in the local heating network can be controlled across the board, for example by increasing the current pump output of one of the pumps in order to compensate for a local pressure drop in the local heating network (e.g. due to a local bottleneck, for example in one of the lines 604, 604).
  • each of the properties 602 can also be supplied with heat (or cold) from the local heating network if due to a temporary increased heat requirement (or cooling requirement) on the property 602 or due to reduced energy or heat production (e.g. B. a failure of the solar system) on property 602, the capacity of the local heat storage and exchanger 100 located on property 602 would already be exhausted.
  • heat or cold
  • geothermal collectors 224 which are arranged in the surroundings of the heat storage and exchanger 100 and are thermally coupled to them, further increase the heat storage capacity of the storage system.
  • additional geothermal collectors 224, 224" are spaced apart from the heat storage and exchangers 100, e.g. b. between the properties 602 or away from the properties 602, and coupled to the storage system by means of the lines 604.
  • the additional geothermal collector 224' is implemented as a section of the line 604 with reduced thermal insulation, compared to other areas of the line 604, which are designed with full thermal insulation in order to enable the transport of heat or cold with as little loss as possible. Due to the reduced thermal insulation, the line 224', 604 is thermally coupled to the surrounding soil and thus implements the geothermal collector 224'.
  • the additional geothermal collector 224" is similar to the geothermal collectors 224, 228 described in connection with FIG. 4. Using valves, it is selectively coupled to the line 604, and thus selectively coupled to the storage system.
  • the second heat storage and exchangers 210 are connected via the lines 606 to a second local heating network, i.e. H. connected to a complementary (i.e. high temperature or low temperature) storage system to realize a complementary storage system with increased heat storage capacity.
  • the second heat storage and exchangers 210 may be similar to the heat storage and exchangers 100 of FIGS. 1, 2a, 2b or 3.
  • a system 200 can be provided, which is one of the systems 200 of FIGS. 4, 5a, 5b, 5c, sd, 5e, 5t , Fig. 5g, Fig. 5h or Fig. 5! resembles.
  • the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is coupled to a geothermal collector 228.
  • the geothermal collector 228 is shown for the property at the bottom left.
  • additional geothermal collectors are also connected to the complementary storage system. For this purpose, these additional geothermal collectors are coupled to the lines 606, corresponding to the coupling of the additional geothermal collectors 224 ', 224" to the lines 604 described above.
  • thermally insulating partitions 608 are also provided to thermally isolate the second heat storage and exchanger 210 from the heat storage and exchanger 100 and/or the geothermal collector 224, as required Property shown at top right in Fig. 6a.
  • thermally insulating partitions 608 are also provided to thermally isolate the geothermal collector 228 from the heat storage and exchanger 100 and/or the geothermal collector 224, as shown for the property at the bottom left in Fig. 6a.
  • Further thermally insulating partitions 608 thermally insulate lines 604, 606 of the local heating network and the second local heating network from each other, as shown in FIG. 6a for the lines 604, 606 between the two left-hand properties 602.
  • the thermally insulating partitions 608 are preferably arranged at least partially underground, particularly in embodiments in which the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 are at least partially arranged underground.
  • corresponding thermally insulating partitions are used to define the geothermal collector 224 or the geothermal collector 228.
  • a laterally circumferential thermally insulating partition wall delimits the geothermal collector 224 (or the geothermal collector 228) laterally.
  • an upper and/or lower thermally insulating partition limits the geothermal collector 224 (or the geothermal collector 228) in its vertical extent.
  • the geothermal collector 224 adjoins the geothermal collector 228 and is laterally separated from the geothermal collector 228 by a thermally insulating partition wall embedded in the ground.
  • At least one of the systems 200 has a solar system 206, 208.
  • a locally limited (e.g., on one of the properties 602 or off of the properties 602) solar system 206, 208 is provided that provides sufficient peak power to power multiple properties 602.
  • the solar systems 206, 208 are distributed, i.e. h each of the systems 200 has a solar system 206, 208.
  • the heat storage is preferably a heat storage 100 as previously in connection with Fig. 1, Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b or Fig. 3 or the system 200 of Fig. 4, Fig. 5a, Fig. 5b, Fig. 5c, Fig. 5d, Fig. 5e, Fig. 5t, Fig. 5g, Fig. 5h or Fig. 5! described.
  • the storage system is similar to that of Fig. 6a.
  • the heat storage 100 can be a high-temperature heat storage 100 or a low-temperature heat storage too; in particular a high-temperature heat storage 100, which is coupled to a high-temperature storage system or a low-temperature heat storage too, which is coupled to a low-temperature storage system.
  • the heat storage 100 is purely thermally coupled to the storage system. With such a coupling, no exchange of material takes place between the thermal storage medium 108 in the storage container 106 and the storage system (or a medium in the line 604 of the storage system). In other words, there is no fluid coupling between the storage container 106 and the storage system (or a line 604 of the storage system).
  • Corresponding embodiments have the advantage that the respective fluid circuits are separate and their composition can be individually controlled. Contamination of one of the fluid circuits does not affect the other fluid circuit.
  • the geothermal collector 230 is selectively thermally coupled to the storage system, as shown in Figures 6b, 6c.
  • the selective thermal coupling between the storage system and the geothermal collector 230 can also be purely thermal in the sense described above, in particular if the thermal coupling between the storage container 106 and the storage system is purely thermal. In some embodiments, it is designed in series with the storage system and the geothermal collector 230.
  • the heat storage 100 is fluidly coupled to the storage system. With such a coupling, an exchange of material takes place between the thermal storage medium 108 in the storage container 106 and the storage system (or a medium in the line 604 of the storage system). In other words, fluid is flowed through storage container 106 and line 604 during operation. In other words, there is fluid coupling between the storage container 106 and the storage system (or the storage system line 604).
  • Corresponding embodiments have the advantage that the entire storage system can operate not only as a thermal storage system, but also as an electrochemical storage system. This is made possible by replacing the storage medium 108 and the electrolyte contained therein in the storage system.
  • the geothermal collector 230 is selectively fluidly coupled to the storage system, as shown in Figures 6d, 6e.
  • the selective fluid coupling between the storage system and the geothermal collector 230 can be designed in particular if the storage container 106 and the storage system are fluidly coupled. In some embodiments, it is designed in series with the storage system and the geothermal collector 230.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is arranged in the building 700. This allows for easy and cost-effective installation. In addition, the heat storage and exchanger 100 is protected from the effects of the weather and its service life is improved.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is arranged outside the building 700. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous if the heat exchanger 104 contains a refrigerant that is highly flammable or toxic. The arrangement of the heat storage and exchanger 100 outside the building 700 reduces resulting dangers for the residents of the building 700.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is arranged underground outside the building 700.
  • the underground arrangement makes the area above the heat storage and exchanger 100 usable.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is protected from the effects of the weather.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 can be effectively thermally coupled to the surrounding soil and a geothermal heat collector can be realized.
  • An (at least partially) underground arrangement is also possible below building 700.
  • FIG. d The arrangement of the heat storage and exchanger 100 in FIG. d corresponds to that in FIG. 7c. Alternatively, an above-ground arrangement of the heat storage and exchanger 100 is possible, as shown in FIG. 7b.
  • a heat storage 702 is assigned to the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG.
  • the associated heat storage 702 is arranged in the building 700.
  • 7e shows a particularly advantageous preferred arrangement with two heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b, each of which is arranged underground.
  • One of the two heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b is designed as a low-temperature heat storage (ie cold storage), for example as described in connection with the heat storage and exchanger 100 of Fig. 2a or Fig. 2b, the other as a high-temperature heat storage 100, for example, corresponding to the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 3.
  • a low-temperature heat storage ie cold storage
  • One of the heat storage and exchangers 100a is coupled to the associated heat storage 702, as described above.
  • the high-temperature heat storage (or the low-temperature heat storage) is coupled to the associated heat storage 702 in order to ensure optimization for the heating (or cooling) of the building 700.
  • the associated heat storage 702 is arranged in the building 700 and is preferably designed as a multi-zone heat storage.
  • a thermally insulating partition 608 is arranged between the heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b, in particular between their storage containers 106.
  • the thermally insulating partition 608 between the heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b is also arranged underground in the ground.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b are arranged adjacent to one another and/or in a common housing, without soil between them.
  • the thermally insulating partition 608 is also arranged in the common housing and thus preferably at least partially underground.
  • a thermally insulating partition 608 is between the geothermal heat collectors 224, 228 arranged.
  • the thermally insulating partition 608 enables effective thermal insulation of the heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b and/or the geothermal collectors 224, 228, even when space is limited. This is particularly advantageous in residential areas with high property prices, for example for single-family or terraced houses, or in the environment of small or medium-sized businesses, since the system with the thermally insulated partition 608 e.g. B. can also be accommodated in a smaller yard.
  • the combination of the heat storage and exchanger 100 with the associated heat exchanger 702 improves, for example, the alternating use of the heat storage and exchanger 100 as a heat storage (e.g. during winter) and as a cold storage (e.g. at the transition from winter to summer), as described above.
  • heat storage and exchanger 100 and associated heat exchanger 702 can be kept at the highest possible temperature.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 can be kept at the lowest possible temperature and, for example, also freeze (ie used as ice storage), while the associated heat exchanger 702 is kept at a higher temperature, for example for service water and/or Heating water for the building 700.
  • the storage of cold in the heat storage and exchanger 100 is improved by utilizing the latent heat at the phase transition.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 and the associated heat storage 702 of FIG. d are swapped, i.e. H. the heat storage and exchanger 100 is arranged in the building 700 and the associated heat storage 702 outside the building 700.
  • the improved cold storage as described above can also be achieved, with the associated heat storage 702 freezing (i.e. being used as ice storage ) can.
  • FIG. 8 shows a system 200 with a heat storage and exchanger 100 and a second heat storage and exchanger 210.
  • the system 200 is similar to that of Fig. 4, Fig. 5a, Fig. 5b, Fig. 5c, Fig. 5d, Fig. 5e, Fig. 5t, Fig. 5g, Fig. 5h or Fig. 5! and may include any or all of the elements described therein. The following description is limited to additional elements.
  • the heat storage and exchanger 100 is similar to that of FIG. 2a or FIG. 2b, and the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is similar to the heat storage and exchanger 100 of FIG. 3.
  • the thermal storage media of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 are electrolytes for a redox flow battery, and the system 200 further comprises an electrochemical cell 800.
  • the electrolyte comprises redox-active chemical compounds, in particular ions of a metal compound, preferably ions of a vanadium, sodium, zinc, or iron compound, and/or redox-active organic compounds, preferably viologes, quinones, lignins or lignin sulfates.
  • redox-active chemical compounds in particular ions of a metal compound, preferably ions of a vanadium, sodium, zinc, or iron compound, and/or redox-active organic compounds, preferably viologes, quinones, lignins or lignin sulfates.
  • the electrolytes can be provided by vanadium (oxide) ions dissolved in water or by a saline solution in combination with aminoxyl radicals, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO), and a viologen.
  • TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl
  • Pumps which are arranged in the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, the electrochemical cell 800, or in electrolyte lines 802a, 802b between them, flow the electrolytes from the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 through the electrolyte lines 802a, 802b to the electrochemical cell 800.
  • the internal structure (not shown) of the electrochemical cell 800 includes a plurality of electrochemical half-cells, a membrane therebetween, and electrodes associated with the electrochemical half-cells.
  • the electrolyte lines 802a, 802b lead to different electrochemical half cells that are separated by the membrane, i.e. H. the electrolytes are flowed through these different electrochemical half-cells by means of the electrolyte lines 802a, 802b. Electricity generated can be taken from the assigned electrodes.
  • the electrochemical cell 800 is thermally coupled to at least one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210.
  • the coupling takes place either by means of the valves 806 to the fluid lines 808a, 808b and thus optionally to the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210.
  • only the coupling is to one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, in particular the coupling by means of the fluid line 808b to the high-temperature heat storage 210.
  • the fluid lines 808a, 808b couple the electrochemical cell 800 directly to the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210.
  • the coupling takes place either by means of the heat pump 204, that is, the fluid lines 808a, 808b are optionally instead of the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210 is coupled to the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204.
  • the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 is thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210.
  • the thermal coupling takes place by means of a heat exchanger 804 that is thermally coupled to the electrochemical cell 800.
  • the heat exchanger 804 is preferably arranged in at least one of the electrochemical half cells.
  • partial heat exchangers are arranged in a plurality of electrochemical half cells, and the partial heat exchangers are interconnected to form the heat exchanger 804, for example in series.
  • the electrochemical cell 800 is arranged spatially separated from the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210.
  • the electrochemical cell 800 is located in the heat storage and exchanger 100 or the heat storage and exchanger 210, providing a highly integrated system for quick and cost-effective assembly.
  • the system 200 Due to the double coupling of at least one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 to the electrochemical cell 800, on the one hand by means of the electrolyte line 802a, 802b, and on the other hand by means of the thermal coupling through the fluid line 808a, 808b, the system 200 uses the electrochemical cell 800 double. On the one hand, it is used to generate electricity using the electrolytes of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210. On the other hand, the waste heat generated in the electrochemical cell 800 is stored in the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210 for (e.g. later) use.
  • the system uses the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210 or the thermal storage medium contained therein twice, on the one hand as an electrolyte for the electrochemical cell 800, and on the other hand as an energy storage device to absorb the waste heat generated by the electrochemical cell 800.
  • a thermal coupling can also take place between the electrolyte lines and/or the supply lines with heat consumers, such as heating lines, in order to achieve suitable operating temperatures in the electrochemical cell 800 receive.
  • a maximum storage temperature of the storage container can be limited to a compatible temperature of the electrolyte, for example if chemical processes above the maximum storage temperature would prevent effective storage of electrical energy, and the controller can limit the operation of the heat pump accordingly.
  • the above-described heat storage and exchanger or system further comprises a thermoelectrochemical cell which is connected to the (first) heat storage and exchanger 100 and/or the second Heat storage and exchanger 210 can be coupled to generate electrical energy.
  • thermoelectrochemical cell can utilize a temperature difference between two electrodes to convert thermal energy into electrical energy.
  • the thermoelectric cell can be based on a temperature-dependent redox couple, such as a ferric/ferrocyanide couple, so that different temperature levels at the electrodes, such as 20 °C and 60 °C, can be used to generate electricity.
  • thermoelectric cell A corresponding electrolyte solution for operating the thermoelectric cell can be stored in the storage container of the first heat storage and exchanger 100 and/or the second heat storage and exchanger 210, or the thermoelectrochemical cell can be connected to the first heat storage and exchanger 100 via heat exchangers and/or the second heat storage and exchanger 210 can be coupled.
  • the electrodes of the thermoelectrochemical cell may be coupled to the first and second heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, respectively, to create a temperature difference in the thermoelectrochemical cell.
  • the temperature difference can then generate a potential difference that can be tapped at the electrodes.
  • the different temperature levels maintained in the thermoelectrochemical cell by the storage in the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 can be used to generate electricity.
  • the stored thermal energy in the (first) heat storage and exchanger 100 can also be used to regenerate an electrolyte solution in order to generate electricity, for example according to the operating principle of thermally regenerable electrochemical cycles (TREC) or thermally regenerable batteries (TRB). , to create.
  • the system can include a TREC cell or a thermally regenerable battery and the controller can be set up to optionally connect the TREC cell or the thermally regenerable battery to the heat pump or the (first) depending on the availability of electrical energy.
  • Heat storage and exchanger 100 to be coupled in order to regenerate the TREC cell or the thermally regenerable battery.
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b show local heating networks 610a, 610b and a local heating network system 600 with an electrochemical cell 800 according to two embodiments.
  • the local heating networks 610a, 610b or the local heating network system 600 are similar to the local heating network or local heating network system 600 previously described in connection with FIGS. 9a, Fig. 9b are not shown.
  • the electrochemical cell 800 is similar to that of the exemplary embodiment in FIG.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 100 of the local heating network 610a are fluidly coupled to or through the line(s) 604a, as described in detail in connection with FIGS. 6d, 6e.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 100 of the local heating network 610b are fluidly coupled in a similar manner to or through the line 604b.
  • the thermal storage media of the heat storage and exchanger 100 are electrolytes as described in connection with FIG. 8.
  • the local heating networks 610a, 610b are fluidically decoupled from one another (separated from one another) and preferably also thermally decoupled from one another.
  • An electrochemical cell 800 is selectively fluidly coupled to the lines 604a, 604b or to the heat storage and exchangers 100 or to the local heating networks 610a, 610b through the valves 612 and the electrolyte lines 802a, 802b.
  • a half cell of the electrochemical cell 800 is selectively fluidly coupled to the local heating network 610a (or to its line 604a or to its heat storage and exchanger 100).
  • Another half cell of the electrochemical cell 800 is selectively fluidly coupled to the local heating network 610b (or to its line 604b or to its heat storage and exchanger 100).
  • each of the local heating networks 610a, 610b serves as an electrochemical storage system for one of the half cells, or the local heating networks 610a, 610b as a whole serve as an electrochemical storage system for the electrochemical cell 800.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 100 of the local heating network system 600 are fluidly coupled to or through the line(s) 604, as described in detail in connection with FIGS. 6d, 6e.
  • the corresponding heat storage and exchangers 100 serve as high-temperature heat storage of the local heating network system 600.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 210 of the local heating network system 600 are fluidly coupled to or through the line 606, as in detail in connection with the FIG 6d, 6e described.
  • the corresponding heat storage and exchangers 210 serve as low-temperature heat storage of the local heating network system 600.
  • the heat storage and exchangers 100 serve as low-temperature heat storage and the heat storage and exchangers 210 serve as high-temperature heat storage of the local heating network system 600.
  • An electrochemical cell 800 is selectively fluidly coupled to the lines 604, 606 or to the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 through the valves 612 and the electrolyte lines 802a, 802b.
  • a half cell of the electrochemical cell 800 is selectively fluidly coupled to the heat storage and exchanger 100, and another half cell of the electrochemical cell 800 to the heat storage and exchanger 210.
  • the function and advantages correspond to those described in connection with FIG. 9a, with the two local heating networks of the local heating network system 600 (or their corresponding components) replacing the local heating networks 610a, 610b of FIG. 9a (or their corresponding components). step.
  • the electrochemical cell 800 is preferably connected to a local heating network 610a, 610b or a local heating network of the local heating network system 600 (or to its line 604, 604b, 606, 606b or to its heat storage and exchanger 100, 210) fluid-coupled, which is operated frost-free, for example at a temperature of at least 1 ° C, at least 10 ° C, at least 15 ° C or at least 20 ° C.
  • the two half cells of the electrochemical cell 800 described in connection with FIGS. 9a, 9b are each fluidly coupled to a corresponding local heating network (or a corresponding component thereof).
  • a thermal coupling (not shown) of the electrolyte cell 800 is provided to at least one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 of the local heating network, as described in connection with the exemplary embodiment of FIG.
  • This thermal coupling is spatially separated from the aforementioned fluid coupling, for example using at least one separate fluid line 808a, 808b (as described in Fig. 8, not shown in Fig.
  • the electrolyte cell 800 includes a heat exchanger 804, similar to the heat exchanger 804 described in FIG. . LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS
  • control unit 204 heat pump

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Abstract

Unité de stockage de chaleur et échangeur de chaleur comprenant une première conduite de fluide, une seconde conduite de fluide, un échangeur de chaleur et un récipient de stockage. L'échangeur de chaleur est conçu pour transférer de la chaleur entre la première conduite de fluide et la deuxième conduite de fluide. Le récipient de stockage est conçu pour recevoir un milieu de stockage thermique. Au moins une partie de l'échangeur de chaleur est disposée dans le récipient de stockage afin de permettre un transfert de chaleur entre l'échangeur de chaleur et le milieu de stockage thermique.
PCT/EP2023/073665 2022-08-30 2023-08-29 Unité de stockage de chaleur et de froid ayant un échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant WO2024047036A1 (fr)

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DE102022121914.3A DE102022121914A1 (de) 2022-08-30 2022-08-30 Wärme- und Kältespeicher mit Gegenstromwärmetauscher
DE102022121914.3 2022-08-30

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1595190A (en) * 1976-12-21 1981-08-12 Jorgensen H P Heat exchanger
EP0870993A1 (fr) * 1997-04-10 1998-10-14 Metaal Vries B.V. Accumulateur d'eau chaude
DE29919359U1 (de) * 1999-10-11 2000-02-03 Heatex Bv System zum Erwärmen von Zapfwasser mit Sonnenenergie, mit Anti-Legionella-Einrichtungen
EP2080975A1 (fr) * 2008-01-16 2009-07-22 Atlantic Climatisation et Ventilation Dispositif d'échange de chaleur entre des fluides appartenant à deux circuits
ITUD20090143A1 (it) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-08 F D E S R L Dispositivo scambiatore di calore per impianti di condizionamento termico
WO2020209979A2 (fr) * 2019-03-18 2020-10-15 Ut-Battelle, Llc Système de stockage thermique comprenant des réservoirs couplés

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202004009559U1 (de) 2004-06-16 2004-09-23 Dietz, Erwin Wärmetauscher
DE102011001273A1 (de) 2011-03-15 2012-09-20 Isocal Heizkühlsysteme Gmbh Speichertank für ein Energiespeichersystem und Energiespeichersystem mit derartigen Speichertanks
DE102019111173A1 (de) 2019-02-26 2020-08-27 caldoa GmbH Kaltwärmenetz mit Booster-Wärmepumpe
DE102019121027A1 (de) 2019-08-03 2021-02-04 Hubert Langheinz Hohlmantelrohr-Wärmetauschereinrichtung
DE102021105836A1 (de) 2021-03-10 2022-09-15 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Verfahren, computerprogramm-produkt und system zum überwachen einer wärmepumpe

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1595190A (en) * 1976-12-21 1981-08-12 Jorgensen H P Heat exchanger
EP0870993A1 (fr) * 1997-04-10 1998-10-14 Metaal Vries B.V. Accumulateur d'eau chaude
DE29919359U1 (de) * 1999-10-11 2000-02-03 Heatex Bv System zum Erwärmen von Zapfwasser mit Sonnenenergie, mit Anti-Legionella-Einrichtungen
EP2080975A1 (fr) * 2008-01-16 2009-07-22 Atlantic Climatisation et Ventilation Dispositif d'échange de chaleur entre des fluides appartenant à deux circuits
ITUD20090143A1 (it) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-08 F D E S R L Dispositivo scambiatore di calore per impianti di condizionamento termico
WO2020209979A2 (fr) * 2019-03-18 2020-10-15 Ut-Battelle, Llc Système de stockage thermique comprenant des réservoirs couplés

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