WO2024045656A1 - 一种燃料电池系统及低温怠速控制方法 - Google Patents

一种燃料电池系统及低温怠速控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024045656A1
WO2024045656A1 PCT/CN2023/090529 CN2023090529W WO2024045656A1 WO 2024045656 A1 WO2024045656 A1 WO 2024045656A1 CN 2023090529 W CN2023090529 W CN 2023090529W WO 2024045656 A1 WO2024045656 A1 WO 2024045656A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell stack
gas
input end
valve
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/090529
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄兴
李金成
赵洪辉
韩令海
丁天威
王宇鹏
曲禄成
都京
郝志强
段盼
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FAW Group Corp
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FAW Group Corp
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Publication of WO2024045656A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024045656A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems for fuel cell vehicles, and specifically to a fuel cell system and a low-temperature idle control method of the fuel cell system.
  • fuel cells can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions.
  • hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have gradually entered people's lives.
  • the fuel cell system enters the idle mode.
  • the purpose of the idle mode is to quickly enter the running state, so starting is time-consuming and the air pressure is easily lost during the starting process.
  • the air compressor should be kept running. Power supply is required to maintain the operation of the air compressor.
  • the battery cannot provide power for a long time. The operation of the stack to generate electricity will cause frequent charging and discharging of the power battery.
  • the battery The stack requires a small current to operate, but at this time, the monomer voltage is too high, which leads to the degradation of the stack performance.
  • the stack temperature needs to be maintained at idle speed.
  • Existing idle speed technology mainly allows the fuel cell stack to work in a current output state that does not cause the fuel cell stack to attenuate, and then consumes the minimum output power of the fuel cell stack in the idle mode of the fuel cell system by increasing the power consumption of accessories, which undoubtedly increases idling power consumption.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system and a low-temperature idling control method thereof to solve at least one of the above technical problems.
  • the present invention provides the following solutions:
  • a fuel cell system including:
  • An air compressor the air compressor has an air compressor gas output end;
  • a fuel cell stack the fuel cell stack includes a fuel cell stack gas input end, a fuel cell stack gas output end, and a fuel cell stack shell gas input end.
  • the air compressor gas output end is connected to the fuel cell of the fuel cell stack.
  • the reactor gas input end is connected through a pipeline;
  • a first stop valve, the first stop valve is provided in a pipe connecting the gas output end of the air compressor and the fuel cell stack gas input end of the fuel cell stack;
  • Gas regulating system the gas regulating system includes a gas regulating system input end and a gas regulating system output end, the gas regulating system input end is connected to the air compressor gas output end through a pipeline, the gas regulating system output The terminal is connected to the fuel cell stack gas output terminal of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, and the gas conditioning system output terminal is connected to the fuel cell stack housing gas input terminal through a pipeline;
  • Parameter detection system the parameter detection system is used to detect the power of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack;
  • a controller the controller is connected to the gas regulating system and the first stop valve;
  • the controller When the vehicle is in a low-temperature idling state, the controller is used to control the operation of the gas adjustment system and the first stop valve according to the power of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack obtained from the parameter detection system. , so that the gas output from the air compressor selectively enters the fuel cell stack gas input end and/or the fuel cell stack housing gas input end.
  • the gas conditioning system further includes:
  • bypass valve the bypass valve air inlet of the bypass valve is connected to the gas output end of the air compressor through a pipeline, and the bypass valve air outlet is connected to the gas output end of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline.
  • the gas conditioning system further includes:
  • a second stop valve is provided on a pipe connecting the gas outlet of the bypass valve and the gas output end of the fuel cell stack.
  • the fuel cell system further includes:
  • a back pressure valve the back pressure valve input end of the back pressure valve is connected to the air outlet of the bypass valve through a pipeline.
  • the gas conditioning system further includes:
  • a return valve is provided on a pipe connecting the output end of the gas conditioning system and the gas input end of the fuel cell stack housing.
  • the parameter detection system includes:
  • An air inlet temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the gas input end of the fuel cell stack
  • An air outlet temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the gas output end of the fuel cell stack
  • a power detection device the power detection device is used to detect battery power.
  • the parameter detection system further includes:
  • a bypass flowmeter is used to detect the flow rate of gas entering the bypass valve.
  • the fuel cell system further includes:
  • the intercooler is arranged on the pipeline connecting the gas output end of the air compressor and the fuel cell stack gas input end of the fuel cell stack, and the intercooler input end of the intercooler is connected to the intercooler input end.
  • the gas output end of the air compressor is connected, and the intercooler output end of the intercooler is connected to the fuel cell stack gas input end of the fuel cell stack and the bypass valve air inlet respectively;
  • a water pump, the water pump and the intercooler are connected through a pipeline;
  • Intercooling stop valve the intercooling stop valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the water pump and the intercooler.
  • This application also provides a low-temperature idle control method for a fuel cell system, including:
  • the controller obtains the vehicle state, where the vehicle state includes the vehicle idling state;
  • the controller obtains the power of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack through the parameter detection system of the fuel cell system;
  • the controller controls the operation of the gas regulating system and the first stop valve according to the power of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack, so that the gas output from the air compressor selectively enters the gas input end of the fuel cell stack and /or fuel cell stack housing gas input end.
  • the controller controls the operation of the gas adjustment system and the first stop valve according to the power of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack, so that the gas output from the air compressor selectively enters the fuel
  • the stack gas input terminal and/or the fuel cell stack housing gas input terminal include:
  • the controller controls the first stop valve to close, the back pressure valve to close, the intercooling stop valve to close, the bypass valve in the gas regulation system to open, the second stop valve in the gas regulation system to close, and the return valve in the gas regulation system to open,
  • the gas output from the air compressor enters the gas input end of the fuel cell stack housing
  • the controller obtains the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the power of the battery system
  • the controller controls the first stop valve to open and the second stop valve to open, thereby passing the first stop valve , the second stop valve and the bypass valve cooperate to adjust the air intake volume of the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack gas input end and the fuel cell stack shell gas input end, so that the fuel cell stack provides power to the battery system with the first current ;
  • the controller determines whether the battery power of the battery system is less than the first current threshold. If so, then
  • the controller controls the closing of the bypass valve, adjusts the opening of the back pressure valve and the operating speed of the water pump, so that the fuel cell stack provides power to the battery system with the second current.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention controls the operation of the gas regulating system by monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack and/or the power of the battery system, and regulates the flow of air entering the fuel cell stack, thereby solving the problem of entering the fuel cell when the fuel cell system is in a low-temperature environment and is in an idling state. There is too much air in the stack, thereby reducing the problem of performance degradation caused by excessive cell voltage when the fuel cell is operating at low current; and by returning the gas output from the fuel cell stack to the fuel cell stack shell, the fuel cell stack
  • the temperature is maintained within the appropriate working range, It can ensure that the fuel cell enters the normal working state as soon as possible in the idling state, improves the durability of the fuel cell system and extends the service life of the fuel cell stack.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of a low-temperature idle speed control method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an electronic device capable of implementing the low-temperature idle speed control method of the fuel cell system of the present application.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fuel cell system as shown in Figure 1 includes an air compressor 1, a fuel cell stack 2, a first stop valve 31, a gas regulating system, a parameter detection system and a controller; the air compressor 1 has an air compressor gas output end; the fuel cell stack 2 includes a fuel cell stack gas input end, a fuel cell stack gas output end, and a fuel cell stack shell gas input end. The air compressor gas output end and the fuel cell stack gas input end of the fuel cell stack 2 pass through a pipeline.
  • the first stop valve 31 is provided in the pipe 5 connecting the gas output end of the air compressor and the fuel cell stack gas input end of the fuel cell stack 2;
  • the gas regulation system includes a gas regulation system input end and a gas regulation system output end, the input end of the gas adjustment system is connected to the gas output end of the air compressor through pipeline 5, the output end of the gas adjustment system is connected to the fuel cell stack gas output end of the fuel cell stack 2 through pipeline 5, and the output end of the gas adjustment system is connected to the fuel cell stack
  • the gas input end of the casing is connected through the pipeline 5;
  • the parameter detection system is used to detect the power of the battery 12 of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2;
  • the controller is connected to the gas regulating system and the first stop valve 31;
  • the controller When the vehicle is in a low-temperature idling state, the controller is used to control the operation of the gas adjustment system and the first stop valve 31 based on the battery 12 power of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 obtained by the self-parameter detection system, so that the self-air pressure
  • the gas output by the machine 1 selectively enters the gas input end of the fuel cell stack and/or the gas input end of the fuel cell stack shell.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention controls the operation of the gas regulating system by monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack and/or the power of the battery system, and regulates the flow of air entering the fuel cell stack, thereby solving the problem of entering the fuel cell when the fuel cell system is in a low-temperature environment and is in an idling state. There is too much air in the stack, thereby reducing the problem of performance degradation caused by excessive cell voltage when the fuel cell is operating at low current; and by returning the gas output from the fuel cell stack to the fuel cell stack shell, the fuel cell stack Maintaining the temperature within a suitable working range can ensure that the fuel cell enters normal working status as soon as possible in the idling state, improves the durability of the fuel cell system and extends the service life of the fuel cell stack.
  • the gas regulating system further includes a bypass valve 33.
  • the bypass valve inlet of the bypass valve 33 is connected to the gas output end of the air compressor through a pipeline, and the bypass valve outlet is connected to the fuel cell.
  • the stack gas output end is connected through pipeline 5.
  • the gas regulation system further includes a second stop valve 32 , which is disposed on a pipe connecting the bypass valve outlet and the fuel cell stack gas output end.
  • the fuel cell system further includes a back pressure valve 34 , and the back pressure valve input end of the back pressure valve 34 is connected to the bypass valve outlet through the pipeline 5 .
  • the gas regulation system further includes a return valve 35, which is provided on the pipe 5 connecting the output end of the gas regulation system and the gas input end of the fuel cell stack housing.
  • the parameter detection system includes an air inlet temperature sensor 4, an air outlet temperature sensor 6 and a power detection device.
  • the air inlet temperature sensor 4 is used to detect the temperature of the gas input end of the fuel cell stack;
  • the air outlet temperature sensor 6 is used to detect The temperature of the gas output end of the fuel cell stack;
  • the power detection device is used to detect the power of the battery 12 .
  • the parameter detection system further includes a bypass flow meter 7 , which is used to detect the flow rate of gas entering the bypass valve 33 .
  • the fuel cell system further includes an intercooler 8, a water pump 9 and an intercooling shut-off valve 36.
  • the intercooler 8 is provided at the gas output end of the air compressor and is connected to the fuel cell stack gas input end of the fuel cell stack.
  • the intercooler input end of the intercooler 8 is connected to the gas output end of the air compressor, and the intercooler output end of the intercooler 8 is connected to the fuel cell stack gas input end and the bypass valve of the fuel cell stack respectively.
  • the air ports are connected; the water pump 9 and the intercooler 8 are connected through the pipeline 5; the intercooling stop valve 36 is provided on the pipeline 5 connecting the water pump 9 and the intercooler 8.
  • the air enters the air compressor 1 through the pipe 5 through the air filter system, and is then output from the air compressor gas output end to the intercooler 8. It is output through the intercooler output end, and part of the air passes through the first stop valve. 31 enters the fuel cell stack 2, and another part of the air enters the gas regulating system through the bypass valve 33.
  • the controller controls the first stop valve 31 and the gas regulating system to work together according to the detection results of the parameter detection system, so that the vehicle is in a low-temperature idling state.
  • the air in pile 2 is low oxygen content air.
  • the fuel cell system further includes a battery system.
  • the battery system includes DCDC11 and a battery 12.
  • DCDC11 is connected to the power output end of the fuel cell stack 2.
  • the output end of DCDC11 is connected to the battery 12.
  • the DCDC11 outputs power at the same time. Fuel cell accessory powered.
  • Figure 2 shows a flow chart of a low-temperature idle control method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the low-temperature idle speed control method of the fuel cell system as shown in Figure 2 includes:
  • the controller obtains the vehicle status, which includes the vehicle idling status
  • the controller obtains the power of the battery 12 of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 through the parameter detection system of the fuel cell system;
  • the controller controls the operation of the gas regulating system and the first stop valve 31 according to the power of the battery 12 of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2, so that the gas output from the air compressor 1 selectively enters the fuel cell stack gas input end and/or Or the fuel cell stack housing gas input end.
  • the vehicle idling state includes a short idling state, a medium idling state, and a long idling state.
  • the fuel cell stack 2 does not work, and the battery system supplies power to maintain the operation of the air compressor; in the medium idling state,
  • the fuel cell stack 2 works at low power to maintain the operation of the air compressor 1, and basically keeps the output power of the fuel cell stack 2 the same as the power consumption of the accessory. 1 runs while charging the battery system.
  • the controller controls the operation of the gas regulating system and the first stop valve 31 according to the power of the battery 12 of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2, so that the gas output from the air compressor 1 selectively enters the fuel cell stack.
  • the gas input terminal and/or the gas input terminal of the fuel cell stack housing include:
  • the controller controls the first stop valve 31 to close, the back pressure valve 34 to close, the intercooling stop valve 36 to close, the bypass valve 33 in the gas regulating system to open, the second stop valve 32 in the gas regulating system to close, and the gas regulating system to
  • the return valve 35 is opened, thereby allowing the gas output from the air compressor 1 to enter the gas input end of the fuel cell stack housing.
  • the air compressor 1 idles, the water pump 9 stops, DCDC controls the low current loading and discharging of the fuel cell stack 2, and the vehicle enters a short-term idling state.
  • the parameter detection system obtains the power of the battery 12 of the battery system and the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 and passes them to the controller.
  • the controller obtains the fuel cell stack 2 temperature and the battery capacity of the battery system.
  • the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 is the average value of the sum of the temperature information obtained by the air inlet temperature sensor 4 and the air outlet temperature sensor 6;
  • the vehicle When the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 reaches the first preset condition and/or the power of the battery 12 of the battery system reaches the second preset condition, the vehicle enters a medium idle state, and the controller controls the first stop valve 31 to open and the second stop valve 32 is opened, thereby adjusting the air intake volume of the fuel cell stack 2, the fuel cell stack gas input end and the fuel cell stack housing gas input end through the cooperation of the first stop valve 31, the second stop valve 32 and the bypass valve 33, so as to causing the fuel cell stack 2 to provide power to the battery 12 of the battery system with a first current;
  • the controller controls the first stop valve 31 and the second stop valve 32 are opened, and the opening of the bypass valve 33 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the fuel cell stack 2, the fuel cell stack gas input end and the The amount of air intake at the gas input end of the fuel cell stack housing is such that the fuel cell stack 2 provides power to the battery 12 of the battery system with a first current (for example, 3A);
  • the opening of the bypass valve 33 can be adjusted by closing adjustment based on the target current-air metering ratio-flow rate-bypass opening, or can also be achieved through digital meter calibration;
  • the controller will continue to obtain the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 and the battery The system's battery level is monitored.
  • the controller determines whether the power of the battery 12 in the battery system is less than the first current threshold. If so, the vehicle enters a long-term idling state.
  • the controller controls the bypass valve 33 to close and adjusts the opening of the back pressure valve 34 and the operating speed of the water pump 9 so that the fuel cell stack 2 provides power to the battery 12 of the battery system with the second current. Specifically, if the power of the battery system's battery 12 drops to a predetermined value K2 (for example, 40%) during the low current operation of the fuel cell stack 2, the bypass valve 33 is closed, the opening of the back pressure valve 34 is adjusted, and the water pump 9 reaches the lowest speed.
  • K2 for example, 40%
  • the output current of the fuel cell stack 2 is A2 (recommended operating current of the fuel cell stack 2, for example, 20A), until the power of the battery 12 of the battery system is higher than the predetermined value K3 (for example, 60%), and if there is an exit idle command, it will enter the running state. , if there is no exit command, it will return to the initial idle component non-working state.
  • the controller controls the first stop valve 31 to close, the back pressure valve 34 to close, the intercooling stop valve 36 to close, the bypass valve 33 in the gas regulation system to open, and the gas
  • the second stop valve 32 in the regulating system is closed and the return valve 35 in the gas regulating system is opened.
  • the controller determines that the power of the battery 12 of the battery system is not less than the first current threshold, in the output state of the fuel cell stack 2, for example, the power of the battery 12 of the battery system does not fall to the predetermined value K2 (for example, 40%), Then it is judged whether the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2 is higher than T2 (for example, 55°C). If it is not higher, the small current A1 will continue to be output. If it is higher, it will return to the initial idle component non-working state, and the controller controls the first stop valve 31 to close.
  • K2 for example, 40%
  • the back pressure valve 34 is closed, the intercooling stop valve 36 is closed, the bypass valve 33 in the gas regulating system is opened, the second stop valve 32 in the gas regulating system is closed, and the return valve 35 in the gas regulating system is opened.
  • the air After passing through the air compressor 1, it enters the return valve 35 through the bypass valve pipe, and then is input to the fuel cell stack housing 10 after passing through the return valve 35. This avoids excessive air entering the fuel cell stack 2 and reduces the risk of the fuel cell operating at low current.
  • the heat preservation function of the fuel cell stack 2 is realized to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack in a suitable working range, ensuring that the fuel cell enters the normal working state as soon as possible from the idling state.
  • this application also provides a structural diagram of an electronic device capable of implementing the low-temperature idle speed control method of the fuel cell system of this application.
  • the electronic device includes: a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus.
  • the processor, communication interface, and memory complete communication with each other through the communication bus; a computer program is stored in the memory.
  • the processor is executed, the processor is caused to execute the steps of the low-temperature idle speed control method of the fuel cell system.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program that can be executed by an electronic device.
  • the computer program When the computer program is run on the electronic device, the electronic device executes the steps of the low-temperature idle control method of the fuel cell system.
  • the communication bus mentioned in the above-mentioned electronic equipment can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc.
  • PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
  • EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
  • the communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in the figure, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • Electronic devices include a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on the hardware layer, and an application layer running on the operating system.
  • This hardware layer includes hardware such as central processing unit (CPU, Central Processing Unit), memory management unit (MMU, Memory Management Unit), and memory.
  • the operating system can be any one or more computer operating systems that realize control of electronic devices through processes, such as Linux operating system, Unix operating system, Android operating system, iOS operating system or windows operating system, etc.
  • the electronic device may be a handheld device such as a smartphone or a tablet computer, or may be an electronic device such as a desktop computer or a portable computer, which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the execution subject of electronic device control in the embodiment of the present invention may be an electronic device, or a functional module in the electronic device that can call a program and execute the program.
  • the electronic device can obtain the firmware corresponding to the storage medium.
  • the firmware corresponding to the storage medium is provided by the supplier.
  • the firmware corresponding to different storage media can be the same or different, and is not limited here.
  • After the electronic device obtains the firmware corresponding to the storage medium it can write the firmware corresponding to the storage medium into the storage medium, specifically, burn the firmware into the storage medium.
  • the storage media corresponds to the firmware.
  • the process of burning the firmware into the storage medium can be implemented using existing technology, and will not be described again in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electronic device can also obtain the reset command corresponding to the storage medium.
  • the reset command corresponding to the storage medium is provided by the supplier.
  • the reset commands corresponding to different storage media can be the same or different, and are not limited here.
  • the storage medium of the electronic device is a storage medium in which the corresponding firmware is written.
  • the electronic device can respond to the reset command corresponding to the storage medium in the storage medium in which the corresponding firmware is written, so that the electronic device responds to the reset command corresponding to the storage medium.
  • Reset command to reset the storage medium in which the corresponding firmware is written.
  • the process of resetting the storage medium according to the reset command can be implemented with existing technology, and will not be described again in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present application can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform. Based on this understanding, this application
  • the technical solution requested in essence or the part that contributes to the existing technology can be embodied in the form of a software product.
  • the computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or certain parts of the embodiments of this application.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种燃料电池系统及低温怠速控制方法，所述燃料电池系统包括：空压机、燃料电池堆、第一截止阀、气体调节系统、参数检测系统、控制器；其中，当所述车辆在低温怠速状态下，所述控制器用于根据自所述参数检测系统所获取的所述电池系统的电量、燃料电池堆的温度来控制所述气体调节系统以及第一截止阀工作，以使自空压机输出的气体选择性进入所述燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端。本发明的燃料电池系统根据燃料电池堆温度和/或电池系统电量进入不同工作状态，可降低燃料电池在低电流工作时因单体电压过高引起的性能衰减，并且通过保持燃料电池堆温度可保证燃料电池在怠速状态尽快进入正常工作状态。

Description

一种燃料电池系统及低温怠速控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及燃料电池汽车的燃料电池系统技术领域，具体涉及一种燃料电池系统及燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法。
背景技术
燃料电池作为一种清洁环保的发电装置，可通过氧化还原反应直接将化学能转化为电能，随着各国在低碳环保政策的倡导下，氢燃料电池汽车逐渐走入人们的生活。燃料电池系统在实际应用中，存在车辆功率需求较低的情况，此时燃料电池系统进入怠速模式，怠速模式目的是可快速进入运行状态，因此启动耗时且容易在启动过程中损耗的空压机应保持运转，维持空压机运转需要供电，而怠速时间增加，电池无法长时间供电，电堆运行发电又会造成动力电池频繁充放电，为使电堆发电与附件耗电基本相等，电堆需要小电流运行，但此时单体电压过高又导致电堆性能衰减，同时需要维持怠速时电堆温度。现有怠速技术主要是让燃料电池堆工作在不使燃料电池堆衰减的电流输出状态，然后通过增加附件功耗，来消耗燃料电池系统在怠速模式下燃料电池堆的最小输出功率，这无疑增加了怠速功耗。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种燃料电池系统及其低温怠速控制方法，来至少解决上述的一个技术问题。
本发明提供了下述方案：
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种燃料电池系统，所述燃料电池系统包括：
空压机，所述空压机具有一个空压机气体输出端；
燃料电池堆，所述燃料电池堆包括燃料电池堆气体输入端、燃料电池堆气体输出端、燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端，所述空压机气体输出端与所述燃料电池堆的燃料电池堆气体输入端通过管道连接；
第一截止阀，所述第一截止阀设置在所述空压机气体输出端与所述燃料电池堆的燃料电池堆气体输入端连接的管道中；
气体调节系统，所述气体调节系统包括一个气体调节系统输入端以及一个气体调节系统输出端，所述气体调节系统输入端与所述空压机气体输出端通过管道连接，所述气体调节系统输出端与所述燃料电池堆的燃料电池堆气体输出端通过管道连接以及所述气体调节系统输出端与所述燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端通过管道连接；
参数检测系统，所述参数检测系统用于检测所述电池系统的电量、燃料电池堆的温度；
控制器，所述控制器与所述气体调节系统以及所述第一截止阀连接；其中，
当所述车辆在低温怠速状态下，所述控制器用于根据自所述参数检测系统所获取的所述电池系统的电量、燃料电池堆的温度来控制所述气体调节系统以及第一截止阀工作，以使自空压机输出的气体选择性进入所述燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端。
可选地，所述气体调节系统进一步包括：
旁通阀，所述旁通阀的旁通阀进气口与所述空压机气体输出端通过管道连通，所述旁通阀出气口与所述燃料电池堆气体输出端通过管道连通。
可选地，所述气体调节系统进一步包括：
第二截止阀，所述第二截止阀设置在所述旁通阀出气口与所述燃料电池堆气体输出端连通的管道上。
可选地，所述燃料电池系统进一步包括：
背压阀，所述背压阀的背压阀输入端与所述旁通阀出气口通过管道连通。
可选地，所述气体调节系统进一步包括：
回流阀，所述回流阀设置在所述气体调节系统输出端与所述燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端连接的管道上。
可选地，所述参数检测系统包括：
空气入口温度传感器，所述空气入口温度传感器用于检测所述燃料电池堆气体输入端的温度；
空气出口温度传感器，所述空气出口温度传感器用于检测所述燃料电池堆气体输出端的温度；
电量检测装置，所述电量检测装置用于检测电池电量。
可选地，所述参数检测系统进一步包括：
旁通流量计，所述旁通流量计用于检测进入所述旁通阀的气体的流量。
可选地，所述燃料电池系统进一步包括：
中冷器，所述中冷器设置在所述空压机气体输出端与所述燃料电池堆的燃料电池堆气体输入端连通的管道上，所述中冷器的中冷器输入端与所述空压机气体输出端连接，所述中冷器的中冷器输出端分别与燃料电池堆的燃料电池堆气体输入端以及旁通阀进气口连通；
水泵，所述水泵与所述中冷器通过管道连通；
中冷截止阀，所述中冷截止阀设置在所述水泵与所述中冷器连通的管道上。
本申请还提供了一种燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法，包括：
控制器获取车辆状态，所述车辆状态包括车辆怠速状态；
当所述车辆处于车辆怠速状态时，控制器通过燃料电池系统的参数检测系统获取电池系统的电量、燃料电池堆的温度；
控制器根据所述电池系统的电量、燃料电池堆的温度来控制所述气体调节系统以及第一截止阀工作，以使自空压机输出的气体选择性进入所述燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端。
可选地，所述控制器根据所述电池系统的电量、燃料电池堆的温度来控制所述气体调节系统以及第一截止阀工作，以使自空压机输出的气体选择性进入所述燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端包括：
控制器控制第一截止阀关闭、背压阀关闭、中冷截止阀关闭、气体调节系统中的旁通阀打开、气体调节系统中的第二截止阀关闭以及气体调节系统中的回流阀打开，从而使自空压机输出的气体进入燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端；
控制器获取燃料电池堆的温度以及电池系统的电量；
当所述燃料电池堆的温度达到第一预设条件和/或电池系统的电量达到第二预设条件时，控制器控制第一截止阀打开以及第二截止阀打开，从而通过第一截止阀、第二截止阀以及旁通阀的配合来调节燃料电池堆、燃料电池堆气体输入端以及燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端的进气量，以使燃料电池堆以第一电流向电池系统提供电量；
在所述燃料电池堆向电池系统供电过程中，控制器判断电池系统的电池电量是否小于第一电流阈值，若是，则
控制器控制旁通阀关闭、通过调节背压阀开度以及水泵运转速度，从而使燃料电池堆以第二电流向电池系统提供电量。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下的优点：
本发明通过监测燃料电池堆温度和/或电池系统电量来控制气体调节系统工作，调节进入到燃料电池堆的空气的流量，从而解决了在燃料电池系统低温环境且处于怠速状态时，进入燃料电池堆的空气过多，进而降低燃料电池在低电流工作时因单体电压过高引起的性能衰减的问题；并且通过将燃料电池堆输出的气体回流至燃料电池堆壳体，使燃料电池堆的温度维持在合适工作区间， 可保证燃料电池在怠速状态尽快进入正常工作状态，提高燃料电池系统耐久性，延长燃料电池堆的使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一实施例的燃料电池系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一实施例的燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法流程图；
图3为本发明的能够实现本申请的燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法的电子设备结构图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1-空压机；2-燃料电池堆；31-第一截止阀；32-第二截止阀；33-旁通阀；
34-背压阀；35-回流阀；36-中冷截止阀；4-空气入口温度传感器；5-管道；6-空气出口温度传感器；7-旁通流量计；8-中冷器；9-水泵；10-燃料电池堆壳体；11-DCDC；12-电池。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1为本发明一实施例的燃料电池系统的结构示意图；
如图1所示的燃料电池系统包括空压机1、燃料电池堆2、第一截止阀31、气体调节系统、参数检测系统以及控制器；空压机1具有一个空压机气体输出 端；燃料电池堆2包括燃料电池堆气体输入端、燃料电池堆气体输出端、燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端，空压机气体输出端与燃料电池堆2的燃料电池堆气体输入端通过管道5连接；第一截止阀31设置在空压机气体输出端与燃料电池堆2的燃料电池堆气体输入端连接的管道5中；气体调节系统包括一个气体调节系统输入端以及一个气体调节系统输出端，气体调节系统输入端与空压机气体输出端通过管道5连接，气体调节系统输出端与燃料电池堆2的燃料电池堆气体输出端通过管道5连接以及气体调节系统输出端与燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端通过管道5连接；参数检测系统用于检测电池系统的电池12电量、燃料电池堆2的温度；控制器与气体调节系统以及第一截止阀31连接；其中，
当车辆在低温怠速状态下，控制器用于根据自参数检测系统所获取的电池系统的电池12电量、燃料电池堆2的温度来控制气体调节系统以及第一截止阀31工作，以使自空压机1输出的气体选择性进入燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下的优点：
本发明通过监测燃料电池堆温度和/或电池系统电量来控制气体调节系统工作，调节进入到燃料电池堆的空气的流量，从而解决了在燃料电池系统低温环境且处于怠速状态时，进入燃料电池堆的空气过多，进而降低燃料电池在低电流工作时因单体电压过高引起的性能衰减的问题；并且通过将燃料电池堆输出的气体回流至燃料电池堆壳体，使燃料电池堆的温度维持在合适工作区间，可保证燃料电池在怠速状态尽快进入正常工作状态，提高燃料电池系统耐久性，延长燃料电池堆的使用寿命。
参见图1，在本实施例中，气体调节系统进一步包括旁通阀33，旁通阀33的旁通阀进气口与空压机气体输出端通过管道连通，旁通阀出气口与燃料电池堆气体输出端通过管道5连通。
在本实施例中，气体调节系统进一步包括第二截止阀32，第二截止阀设32置在旁通阀出气口与燃料电池堆气体输出端连通的管道上。
在本实施例中，燃料电池系统进一步包括背压阀34，背压阀34的背压阀输入端与旁通阀出气口通过管道5连通。
在本实施例中，气体调节系统进一步包括回流阀35，回流阀35设置在气体调节系统输出端与燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端连接的管道5上。
在本实施例中，参数检测系统包括空气入口温度传感器4、空气出口温度传感器6以及电量检测装置，空气入口温度传感器4用于检测燃料电池堆气体输入端的温度；空气出口温度传感器6用于检测燃料电池堆气体输出端的温度；电量检测装置用于检测电池12电量。
在本实施例中，参数检测系统进一步包括旁通流量计7，旁通流量计7用于检测进入旁通阀33的气体的流量。
在本实施例中，燃料电池系统进一步包括中冷器8、水泵9以及中冷截止阀36，中冷器8设置在空压机气体输出端与燃料电池堆的燃料电池堆气体输入端连通的管道5上，中冷器8的中冷器输入端与空压机气体输出端连接，中冷器8的中冷器输出端分别与燃料电池堆的燃料电池堆气体输入端以及旁通阀进气口连通；水泵9与中冷器8通过管道5连通；中冷截止阀36设置在水泵9与中冷器8连通的管道5上。
在本实施例中，空气通过空滤系统经管道5进入空压机1，再由空压机气体输出端输出至中冷器8，经中冷器输出端输出，一部分空气经第一截止阀31进入燃料电池堆2，另一部分空气经旁通阀33进入气体调节系统，控制器根据参数检测系统的检测结果控制第一截止阀31和气体调节系统配合工作，以使车辆在低温怠速状态时避免进入燃料电池堆2的空气过多，且通过气体调节系统控制燃料电池堆2输出的气体回流至燃料电池堆壳体10内，起到保持燃料电池堆2温度的同时还可使进入燃料电池堆2的空气为低含氧量空气。
在本实施例中，燃料电池系统进一步包括电池系统，电池系统包括DCDC11和电池12，DCDC11与燃料电池堆2的功率输出端连接，DCDC11的输出端与电池12相连，且DCDC11输出功率的同时为燃料电池附件供电。
参照图2，图2示出了本发明一实施例的燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法流程图；
如图2所示的燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法包括：
控制器获取车辆状态，车辆状态包括车辆怠速状态；
当车辆处于车辆怠速状态时，控制器通过燃料电池系统的参数检测系统获取电池系统的电池12电量、燃料电池堆2的温度；
控制器根据电池系统的电池12电量、燃料电池堆2的温度来控制气体调节系统以及第一截止阀31工作，以使自空压机1输出的气体选择性进入燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端。
在本实施例中，车辆怠速状态包括短时怠速状态、中等怠速状态以及长时怠速状态，其中，短时怠速状态下，燃料电池堆2不工作，电池系统供电维持空压机运转；中等怠速状态，燃料电池堆2极低功率工作，维持空压机1运转，基本保持燃料电池堆2输出功率与附件消耗功率相同；长时怠速状态，是燃料电池堆2低功率工作，维持空压机1运转同时为电池系统充电。
本实施例中，控制器根据电池系统的电池12电量、燃料电池堆2的温度来控制气体调节系统以及第一截止阀31工作，以使自空压机1输出的气体选择性进入燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端包括：
控制器控制第一截止阀31关闭、背压阀34关闭、中冷截止阀36关闭、气体调节系统中的旁通阀33打开、气体调节系统中的第二截止阀32关闭以及气体调节系统中的回流阀35打开，从而使自空压机1输出的气体进入燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端。在这种情况下，空压机1怠速，水泵9停机，DCDC控制燃料电池堆2低电流加载放电，车辆进入了短时怠速状态。
在进入了短时怠速状态后，判断燃料电池堆2输出电压是否低于预设值V1(例如低于50V)，如未低于则继续放电，直至低于预设值V1；当燃料电池堆2的输出电流为0时，此时空压机1耗电由电池系统提供，参数检测系统获取电池系统的电池12电量、燃料电池堆2的温度并传递给控制器，控制器获取燃料电池堆2的温度以及电池系统的电池12电量。
在本实施例中，燃料电池堆2的温度为空气入口温度传感器4、空气出口温度传感器6获取的温度信息之和的平均值；
当燃料电池堆2的温度达到第一预设条件和/或电池系统的电池12电量达到第二预设条件时，车辆进入中等怠速状态，控制器控制第一截止阀31打开以及第二截止阀32打开，从而通过第一截止阀31、第二截止阀32以及旁通阀33的配合来调节燃料电池堆2、燃料电池堆气体输入端以及燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端的进气量，以使燃料电池堆2以第一电流向电池系统的电池12提供电量；
具体而言，当燃料电池堆2的温度低于第一阈值T1(例如45℃)时，或电池系统电池12电量达到预设值K1(例如50％)时，控制器控制第一截止阀31和第二截止阀32打开，调节旁通阀33开度，从而通过第一截止阀31、第二截止阀32以及旁通阀33的配合来调节燃料电池堆2、燃料电池堆气体输入端以及燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端的进气量，以使燃料电池堆2以第一电流(例如3A)向电池系统的电池12提供电量；
在本实施例中，旁通阀33开度的调节可采用基于目标电流-空气计量比-流量-旁通开度的闭合调节，也可以通过数表标定实现；
可以理解的是，如果燃料电池堆2的温度没有达到第一预设条件和/或电池系统的电池12电量没有达到第二预设条件时，则控制器持续获取燃料电池堆2的温度以及电池系统的电池12电量进行监控。
在燃料电池堆2向电池系统供电过程中，控制器判断电池系统的电池12电量是否小于第一电流阈值，若是，则车辆进入长时怠速状态，
控制器控制旁通阀33关闭、通过调节背压阀34开度以及水泵9运转速度，从而使燃料电池堆2以第二电流向电池系统的电池12提供电量。具体而言，如燃料电池堆2小电流工作过程中电池系统的电池12电量降至预定值K2(例如40％)，则关闭旁通阀33，调节背压阀34开度，水泵9最低速运转，燃料电池堆2输出电流为A2(燃料电池堆2推荐工作电流，例如20A)，直至电池系统的电池12电量高于预定值K3(例如60％)，如有退出怠速指令则进入运行状态，如无退出指令则回到初始怠速部件不工作状态，控制器控制第一截止阀31关闭、背压阀34关闭、中冷截止阀36关闭、气体调节系统中的旁通阀33打开、气体调节系统中的第二截止阀32关闭以及气体调节系统中的回流阀35打开。
可以理解的是，如果控制器判断电池系统的电池12电量不小于第一电流阈值，在燃料电池堆2输出状态下，例如，电池系统电池12电量没有降至预定值K2(例如40％)，则判断燃料电池堆2温度是否高于T2(例如55℃)，如不高于则继续小电流A1输出，如高于则回到初始怠速部件不工作状态，控制器控制第一截止阀31关闭、背压阀34关闭、中冷截止阀36关闭、气体调节系统中的旁通阀33打开、气体调节系统中的第二截止阀32关闭以及气体调节系统中的回流阀35打开，此时空气通过空压机1后经旁通阀管道进入回流阀35，通过回流阀35后输入至燃料电池堆壳体10，避免进入燃料电池堆2的空气过多，降低燃料电池在低电流工作时因单体电压过高引起的性能衰减；同时实现燃料电池堆2的保温功能，使燃料电池堆温度维持在合适工作区间，可保证燃料电池从怠速状态尽快进入正常工作状态。
参见图3，本申请还提供了能够实现本申请的燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法的电子设备结构图。
如图3所示，电子设备包括：处理器、通信接口、存储器和通信总线，其中，处理器，通信接口，存储器通过通信总线完成相互间的通信；存储器中存储有计算机程序，当计算机程序被处理器执行时，使得处理器执行燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法的步骤。
本申请还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其存储有可由电子设备执行的计算机程序，当计算机程序在电子设备上运行时，使得电子设备执行燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法的步骤。
上述电子设备提到的通信总线可以是外设部件互连标准(Peripheral Component Interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(Extended Industry Standard Architecture，EISA)总线等。该通信总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
电子设备包括硬件层，运行在硬件层之上的操作系统层，以及运行在操作系统上的应用层。该硬件层包括中央处理器(CPU，Central Processing Unit)、内存管理单元(MMU，Memory Management Unit)和内存等硬件。该操作系统可以是任意一种或多种通过进程(Process)实现电子设备控制的计算机操作系统，例如，Linux操作系统、Unix操作系统、Android操作系统、iOS操作系统或windows操作系统等。并且在本发明实施例中该电子设备可以是智能手机、平板电脑等手持设备，也可以是桌面计算机、便携式计算机等电子设备，本发明实施例中并未特别限定。
本发明实施例中的电子设备控制的执行主体可以是电子设备，或者是电子设备中能够调用程序并执行程序的功能模块。电子设备可以获取到存储介质对应的固件，存储介质对应的固件由供应商提供，不同存储介质对应的固件可以相同可以不同，在此不做限定。电子设备获取到存储介质对应的固件后，可以将该存储介质对应的固件写入存储介质中，具体地是往该存储介质中烧入该存 储介质对应固件。将固件烧入存储介质的过程可以采用现有技术实现，在本发明实施例中不做赘述。
电子设备还可以获取到存储介质对应的重置命令，存储介质对应的重置命令由供应商提供，不同存储介质对应的重置命令可以相同可以不同，在此不做限定。
此时电子设备的存储介质为写入了对应的固件的存储介质，电子设备可以在写入了对应的固件的存储介质中响应该存储介质对应的重置命令，从而电子设备根据存储介质对应的重置命令，对该写入对应的固件的存储介质进行重置。根据重置命令对存储介质进行重置的过程可以现有技术实现，在本发明实施例中不做赘述。
为了描述的方便，描述以上装置时以功能分为各种单元、模块分别描述。当然在实施本申请时可以把各单元、模块的功能在同一个或多个软件和/或硬件中实现。
本技术领域技术人员可以理解，除非另外定义，这里使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)，具有与本发明所属领域中的普通技术人员的一般理解相同的意义。还应该理解的是，诸如通用字典中定义的那些术语，应该被理解为具有与现有技术的上下文中的意义一致的意义，并且除非被特定定义，否则不会用理想化或过于正式的含义来解释。
对于方法实施例，为了简单描述，故将其都表述为一系列的动作组合，但是本领域技术人员应该知悉，本发明实施例并不受所描述的动作顺序的限制，因为依据本发明实施例，某些步骤可以采用其他顺序或者同时进行。其次，本领域技术人员也应该知悉，说明书中所描述的实施例均属于优选实施例，所涉及的动作并不一定是本发明实施例所必须的。
通过以上的实施方式的描述可知，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本申请可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现。基于这样的理解，本申 请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在存储介质中，如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施方式或者实施方式的某些部分所述的方法。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种燃料电池系统，其特征在于，所述燃料电池系统包括：
    空压机(1)，所述空压机(1)具有一个空压机气体输出端；
    燃料电池堆(2)，所述燃料电池堆(2)包括燃料电池堆气体输入端、燃料电池堆气体输出端、燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端，所述空压机气体输出端与所述燃料电池堆(2)的燃料电池堆气体输入端通过管道(5)连接；
    第一截止阀(31)，所述第一截止阀(31)设置在所述空压机气体输出端与所述燃料电池堆(2)的燃料电池堆气体输入端连接的管道(5)中；
    气体调节系统，所述气体调节系统包括一个气体调节系统输入端以及一个气体调节系统输出端，所述气体调节系统输入端与所述空压机气体输出端通过管道(5)连接，所述气体调节系统输出端与所述燃料电池堆(2)的燃料电池堆气体输出端通过管道(5)连接以及所述气体调节系统输出端与所述燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端通过管道(5)连接；
    参数检测系统，所述参数检测系统用于检测所述电池系统的电量、燃料电池堆(2)的温度；
    控制器，所述控制器与所述气体调节系统以及所述第一截止阀(31)连接；其中，
    当所述车辆在低温怠速状态下，所述控制器用于根据自所述参数检测系统所获取的所述电池系统的电量、燃料电池堆(2)的温度来控制所述气体调节系统以及第一截止阀(31)工作，以使自空压机(1)输出的气体选择性进入所述燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池系统，其特征在于，所述气体调节系统进一步包括：
    旁通阀(33)，所述旁通阀(33)的旁通阀进气口与所述空压机气体输出端通过管道(5)连通，所述旁通阀出气口与所述燃料电池堆气体输出端通过管道(5)连通。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的燃料电池系统，其特征在于，所述气体调节系统进一步包括：
    第二截止阀(32)，所述第二截止阀(32)设置在所述旁通阀出气口与所述燃料电池堆气体输出端连通的管道上。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的燃料电池系统，其特征在于，所述燃料电池系统进一步包括：
    背压阀(34)，所述背压阀(34)的背压阀输入端与所述旁通阀出气口通过管道(5)连通。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的燃料电池系统，其特征在于，所述气体调节系统进一步包括：
    回流阀(35)，所述回流阀(35)设置在所述气体调节系统输出端与所述燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端连接的管路上。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的燃料电池系统，其特征在于，所述参数检测系统包括：
    空气入口温度传感器(4)，所述空气入口温度传感器(4)用于检测所述燃料电池堆气体输入端的温度；
    空气出口温度传感器(6)，所述空气出口温度传感器(6)用于检测所述燃料电池堆气体输出端的温度；
    电量检测装置，所述电量检测装置用于检测电池电量。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的燃料电池系统，其特征在于，所述参数检测系统进一步包括：
    旁通流量计(7)，所述旁通流量计(7)用于检测进入所述旁通阀(33)的气体的流量。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的燃料电池系统，其特征在于，所述燃料电池系统进一步包括：
    中冷器(8)，所述中冷器(8)设置在所述空压机气体输出端与所述燃料电池堆的燃料电池堆气体输入端连通的管道(5)上，所述中冷器的中冷器输入端与所述空压机气体输出端连接，所述中冷器(8)的中冷器输出端分别与燃料电池堆(2)的燃料电池堆气体输入端以及旁通阀进气口连通；
    水泵(9)，所述水泵(9)与所述中冷器(8)通过管道(5)连通；
    中冷截止阀(36)，所述中冷截止阀(36)设置在所述水泵(9)与所述中冷器(8)连通的管道(5)上。
  9. 一种燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    控制器获取车辆状态，所述车辆状态包括车辆怠速状态；
    当所述车辆处于车辆怠速状态时，控制器通过燃料电池系统的参数检测系统获取电池系统的电量、燃料电池堆(2)的温度；
    控制器根据所述电池系统电量、燃料电池堆(2)的温度来控制所述气体调节系统以及第一截止阀(31)工作，以使自空压机(1)输出的气体选择性进入所述燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的燃料电池系统的低温怠速控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制器根据所述电池系统电量、燃料电池堆(2)的温度来控制所述气体调节系统以及第一截止阀(31)工作，以使自空压机(1)输出的气体选择性进入所述燃料电池堆气体输入端和/或燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端包括：
    控制器控制第一截止阀(31)关闭、背压阀(34)关闭、中冷截止阀(36)关闭、气体调节系统中的旁通阀(33)打开、气体调节系统中的第二截止阀(32)关闭以及气体调节系统中的回流阀(35)打开，从而使自空压机(1)输出的气体进入燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端；
    控制器获取燃料电池堆(2)的温度以及电池系统电量；
    当所述燃料电池堆(2)的温度达到第一预设条件和/或电池系统电量达到第二预设条件时，控制器控制第一截止阀(31)打开以及第二截止阀(32)打开，从而通过第一截止阀(31)、第二截止阀(32)以及旁通阀(33)的配合来调节燃料电池堆、燃料电池堆气体输入端以及燃料电池堆壳体气体输入端的进气量，以使燃料电池堆以第一电流向电池系统提供电量；
    在所述燃料电池堆(2)向电池系统供电过程中，控制器判断电池系统的电量是否小于第一电流阈值，若是，则
    控制器控制旁通阀(33)关闭、通过调节背压阀(34)开度以及水泵(9)运转速度，从而使燃料电池堆(2)以第二电流向电池系统提供电量。
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