WO2024044805A1 - Traverse de voie ferrée - Google Patents

Traverse de voie ferrée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024044805A1
WO2024044805A1 PCT/AT2023/060304 AT2023060304W WO2024044805A1 WO 2024044805 A1 WO2024044805 A1 WO 2024044805A1 AT 2023060304 W AT2023060304 W AT 2023060304W WO 2024044805 A1 WO2024044805 A1 WO 2024044805A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sleeper
railway sleeper
section
anchor plate
railway
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2023/060304
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erwin FEITZINGER
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Inventio Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio Gmbh filed Critical Inventio Gmbh
Publication of WO2024044805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024044805A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/44—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a railway sleeper with a sleeper body made of fiber-reinforced plastic in the form of a substantially U-shaped longitudinal profile, comprising a ceiling beam and two support beams adjoining the long sides of the ceiling beam, an interior region of the railway sleeper being defined by the ceiling beam and the two support beams, and wherein passages are provided in the ceiling beams for arranging at least two fastening devices for receiving rails, which fastening devices each comprise a ribbed plate which can be arranged on the top of the ceiling beam and an anchor plate which can be arranged on the underside of the ceiling beam and can be connected to the ribbed plate via connecting means, the anchor plate has at least one support projection that runs transversely to the longitudinal direction of the sleeper body and, in the assembled state, is oriented at an angle from the anchor plate substantially downwards against transverse displacements.
  • the basic structure of a rail superstructure is as follows:
  • the rails are fixed to the sleeper bodies with fastening devices. These sleeper bodies usually lie on a track bed, but depending on the existing surface, they can also rest directly on the ground or on sandy or stony ground.
  • the function of the track sleeper is to maintain the distance between the two rails to maintain the track width and to transfer the vehicle forces to the track bed or the respective subsurface.
  • the railway sleeper ensures the directional and angular stability of the distances between the two rails on the straight, on curved routes as well as in the switch and crossing areas.
  • Wooden sleepers have a rectangular cross-section and are rather soft and elastic due to their material consistency. Depending on the application and occurrence, larch, beech and oak sleepers are used, which means that the ballast of the superstructure of the track system is not subjected to as much stress as with concrete sleepers, as these are less rigid and therefore more compatible with poor substructure conditions. A possible problem with this type of sleeper is the availability of the respective type of wood in the different climate zones.
  • concrete sleepers can have a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section. Concrete is a relatively durable material and, due to its weight, this sleeper has good positional stability in the superstructure gravel.
  • the hardness of concrete as a material can be seen as a disadvantage in terms of the destruction of the superstructure gravel. This destruction occurs after the superstructure is mechanically tamped using a metal pick due to the resulting surface pressure.
  • threshold padding In order to counteract this wear and tear on the threshold ends, it is now state-of-the-art to apply threshold padding to the underside of the threshold, which consists of polyurethanes or other equivalent materials. This additional effort increases the manufacturing costs.
  • such sleepers have a weight of approx. 300 to 380 kg, and in the area of switches and crossings up to 2,000 kg.
  • a threshold made of fiber composite material as described for example in WO 2016/134747 A1.
  • Such a sleeper is suitable for combining the advantages of the three railway sleepers mentioned above: - It is elastic like the wooden threshold. - It absorbs high tensile forces like the metal sleeper, but is not electrically conductive like the steel sleeper would be. - It absorbs high compressive forces like the concrete sleeper, but does not have a destructive effect on the grain size of the superstructure gravel, as the contact surface due to the design has approximately 2.5 times the contact area compared to the concrete sleeper (with a support width of 26 cm). . Therefore, there is a good implementation of dynamic force flows and their derivation when driving on the track systems (sinusoidal forces).
  • the disadvantage of the track sleeper described in WO 2016/134747 A1 is that the profile is complex to construct and therefore causes higher manufacturing costs.
  • an unspecified fiber material is used as a fabric, which is embedded in a corresponding carrier matrix.
  • anchoring elements on the side elements are disclosed, which are web-shaped and thus thicken the side elements of the base profile in these areas.
  • Cross supports for absorbing transverse displacement forces are also formed from the same material and form either front side walls or ribs that connect the side elements to one another in a web-like manner.
  • WO 8910450 A1 shows a downwardly open steel sleeper with anchor plates provided in the area of the rail fastening with downwardly projecting support projections to increase the transverse displacement resistance.
  • the anchor plates are attached using special clamps, which are also used to attach the spring elements to fix the rails.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages described above and to create a railway sleeper mentioned at the beginning, which is significantly cheaper to manufacture, handle and install, enables high elasticity and thus favorable force input into the superstructure and at the same time improves resistance against transverse displacements.
  • anchor plates of a railway sleeper are made of fiber-reinforced plastic and are connected to one another in the assembled state via stabilizing sections or stabilizing elements.
  • the hollow shape of the sleeper body ensures a higher quality of track position.
  • the better interlocking with the ballast bed results in higher resistance both in the longitudinal axis (longitudinal displacement resistance) and in the transverse axis (lateral displacement resistance), thereby reducing the work cycles for lifting, straightening and tamping the tracks. It can also be assumed that the rail itself will last longer. Due to the U-shaped hollow shape, it is possible to reduce the ballast bed height from usually 50 to 55 cm to around 30 cm ballast bed height.
  • ballast head for the transverse displacement resistance also moves through the anchor plate according to the invention with its supporting projections towards the center of the track, the amount of ballast required is additionally reduced across the entire width of the track body. Structurally, this increases the clearance size in existing tunnels. In such tunnel systems, the speed of passage can be increased. When building new tunnels, the lower gravel height for excavating rock represents a significant cost saving.
  • the anchor plates and the supporting projections protruding from them are made of fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • the use of fiber-reinforced plastic is advantageous because these components are electrically non-conductive.
  • the transverse displacement resistance value of the track grating is significantly improved while at the same time reducing the stress on the ballast.
  • the arrangement of stabilizing sections or elements has the advantage that the transverse displacement forces can also be transmitted between individual anchor plates and the point loads are thus further reduced.
  • the connection of individual anchor elements via stabilization sections or elements also has the advantage that the stability of the entire threshold is improved, whereby the threshold body can be manufactured with less material. On the one hand, this saves resources and, on the other hand, leads to increased flexibility of the sleeper body, which has a positive effect on the power transmission into the ballast bed.
  • the anchor plate is provided with two or more support projections which run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the sleeper body and, in the assembled state, are oriented at an angle from the anchor plate essentially downwards. It is preferred to provide at least two supporting projections per anchor plate in order to further improve the support in the track bed against transverse displacement.
  • the support projections essentially project downwards from the anchor plate at a right angle. Depending on the application, embodiments with an angle of the support projections other than 90° are also possible.
  • the anchor plate is formed in one piece together with the support projection or projections and in section as an L- or U-shaped profile.
  • Both the production of the sleeper body and the production of the anchor plates with supporting projections can therefore be achieved very easily, for example by separating the respective components from corresponding extruded profiles and providing them with the receptacles for the connecting means.
  • the individual components can then be quickly assembled together with the ribbed plates to form a finished railway sleeper.
  • the threshold profile and the anchor plates can also be stacked separately for transport, which can also save costs here.
  • the anchor plate and the support projection or the support projections are narrower transversely to the longitudinal direction of the sleeper body than the clear width of the interior area of the railway sleeper between the two support beams. Since the anchor plate and support projections do not come into contact with the support beams of the sleeper body transversely to the longitudinal direction, the elasticity of the support beams is not hindered when transmitting force to the track bed.
  • Each section of the railway sleeper can optimally transfer the forces to the largest possible contact area in the ballast, thereby minimizing the point load and thus the wear on the ballast.
  • the support beams have at least one section designed as an anchoring element at the free ends facing away from the ceiling beam, this section having at least a first section, which points away from the interior over its entire cross section, and a second section, which points into the interior over its entire cross section.
  • section of the support beams designed as an anchoring element extends over the entire length of the support beams. This serves to maximize the effects mentioned above with regard to the pull-out resistance forces of the railway sleeper.
  • the fiber-reinforced plastic is reinforced using glass fibers.
  • the stabilizing element is made of steel or fiber-reinforced plastic and can be connected to the anchor plate, preferably in the area of the support projections, via corresponding connecting elements, with a preload being able to be built up relative to one another via the stabilizing element in cooperation with the connecting elements between two anchor plates is.
  • the stabilizing element can be a rod with threaded sections at least at the ends, which can be inserted into corresponding recesses on the anchor plates, preferably in the area of the mutually facing support projections.
  • the stabilizing element can then be fastened in the recesses via connecting elements, for example in the form of corresponding anti-rotation nuts, whereby a preload can also be built up between the anchor plates via the nuts.
  • This pretension has the advantage that the railway sleeper has improved stability and even material relating to the thickness of the sleeper body can be saved.
  • a railway sleeper made with glass fiber reinforced plastic is characterized by extraordinary ecological properties.
  • the entire threshold body is fully recyclable because the glass fibers are made from silicon (sand).
  • the resins that connect the fibers or fiber fabric layers with each other and ensure that the fibers stay in the correct position where they belong for static reasons can be obtained, for example, from sugar cane molasses or from organic raw materials and residues.
  • the GRP railway sleeper is therefore also neutral in terms of contamination of the groundwater.
  • the developed railway sleeper can also preferably be manufactured using fiberglass and synthetic resin.
  • the fibers can be arranged in the form of mats, strands, tubes or loosely or tangled. But mineral fibers such as basalt fibers can also be used; carbon fibers; Natural fibers such as bamboo, cotton, cellulose and mixtures thereof are used. Resins and materials such as polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethermide (PEI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polysulfone (PSU) or polyactale (PAC) are suitable as binders.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethene
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PEI polyethermide
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • PSU polysulfone
  • PAC polyactale
  • Unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, phenol-formald resin, methacrylic resin, polyurethane, amino resin or elastomers can also be used for production.
  • the materials can also be used as fiber-reinforced.
  • the fiber direction and fiber density can vary.
  • the fibers can be laid parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper, but also diagonally, in a net shape, transversely, in one or more layers, knitted or in a random manner.
  • the fiber content can also be the same across the entire threshold, but can also vary.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a railway sleeper according to the invention in the area of an anchor plate 2 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view through a railway sleeper according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a top view of the railway sleeper from Fig. 2, 4 of several stacked U-shaped longitudinal profiles of a railway sleeper according to the invention in a front view
  • 5 and 6 each show sectional views of a possible embodiment of a railway sleeper according to the invention with a stabilization section between two adjacent anchor plates
  • 7 and 8 each show sectional views of a further embodiment with a stabilization section between two adjacent anchor plates.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of an anchor plate with a stabilizing element arranged thereon in the connection area between the two components.
  • Figure 1 shows a section transverse to the longitudinal axis of a possible embodiment of a railway sleeper according to the invention.
  • the railway sleeper has a sleeper body 1 made of fiber-reinforced plastic in the form of an open, essentially U-shaped profile comprising a ceiling beam 2 and two support beams 3 adjoining the long sides of the ceiling beam 2, with an interior area 4 of the railway sleeper formed by the ceiling beam 2 and the two support beams 3 is defined.
  • the support beams 3 have a section 10 designed as an anchoring element at the free ends facing away from the ceiling beam 2.
  • the section 10 of the support beam 3 designed as an anchoring element comprises a first section 10a and a second section 10b in the direction of the end facing away from the ceiling beam 2, the first section 10a being designed such that it points away from the interior over its entire cross section, and the second section 10b is designed so that it points into the interior over its entire cross section.
  • the support beams 3 are preferably arranged essentially at an angle of 90° to the ceiling beam 2.
  • the sections 10 of the support beams 3 make it difficult to pull the threshold out of the ground.
  • prefabricated GRP rods can be laminated here, depending on the load on the sleepers. In principle, however, the thickness of the sleeper body 1 is the same throughout the entire cross-sectional area, which simplifies the production of the extruded profile.
  • passages 5 are also provided in the ceiling beam 2 for arranging at least two fastening devices for receiving rails 13 (see FIG. 2), which fastening devices each have a ribbed plate 6 arranged on the top of the ceiling beam and one on the underside of the ceiling beam 2 arranged anchor plate 8 include.
  • the fastening takes place by means of connecting means 7, for example in the form of knurled screws, which are fixed in a known manner with spring washers 11 and nuts 12.
  • the passages 5 through the threshold are already provided at the factory when the threshold is manufactured, for example by drilling.
  • reinforcements can be provided to improve the hole reveal and to increase the resistance to the screw pressure. Pressed-in, laminated or cast-in plates, sleeves or disks can be used for this.
  • each anchor plate projecting downwards from the anchor plate 8, which also protrude into the superstructure gravel and bring about a significant improvement in the transverse displacement resistance.
  • the anchor plate 8 and the support projections 9 are designed to be narrower than the clear width of the inner area 4 under the sleeper body 1. This does not hinder the elasticity of the support beams 3, which is particularly necessary for the introduction of force into the ballast.
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of a railway sleeper according to the invention made of GRP with ribbed plates 6 for fastening rails 13, with a rail 13 being shown here only on one side.
  • the anchor plates 8 each have two support projections 9, which are slightly inclined outwards from the respective anchor plate but project downwards at a substantially 90° angle.
  • this force application point is divided into a total of four, and in the switch area even eight, application levels, which leads to enormous protection of the superstructure ballast.
  • the ballast head By moving the introduction levels into the interior of the sleeper body 1, the ballast head can also be reduced in size, which also saves material.
  • the fact that the anchor plates 8 are responsible for fastening the ribbed plates 6 and thus the rails 13 as well as for introducing the transverse displacement forces via the support projections 9 results in a synergy effect in that several tasks can be solved with just one component.
  • Figure 3 shows a top view of an embodiment of the railway sleeper according to the invention.
  • the rib plates 6 and their distance from one another are shown.
  • a rail 13 is indicated, which is fixed to the rib plate 6 with corresponding connecting means 7.
  • the dimensions of the ribbed plates 6 relative to one another can be quickly and easily adapted to the corresponding requirement profiles of the railway operators. This is particularly true for switches and crossings where other sleeper lengths are used. No different moldings or lost formwork are required to produce the sleeper body 1 of the railway sleepers according to the invention.
  • the railway sleeper according to the invention is preferably produced using the extrusion process. Due to this production method, the sleeper can be manufactured in different lengths without additional molding or work, which corresponds to the requirement for longer sleeper lengths for switches and crossings.
  • the threshold can also be adapted by the railway operator to the required axle load and the speed of the trains, depending on the expected load requirements.
  • an inclined contact surface was chosen for the use of a GRP railway sleeper (see Fig. 1), so that axles that come out during shifting work do not destroy the track bed, but can roll out on the back of the sleeper to a standstill without major damage.
  • Fig. 4 the stackability of the sleeper bodies 1 for transport can be seen.
  • the anchor plates 8 with the support projections 9 can be transported separately and also stacked and can easily be connected to the sleeper body on site.
  • the anchor plates 8 provided per threshold can also be connected to one another in advance via stabilizing sections or stabilizing elements (not shown), which on the one hand makes their installation into the threshold body 1 easier and on the other hand allows improved force transmission across several anchor plates 8.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show an embodiment of a railway sleeper according to the invention with a stabilization section 14, which connects two adjacent anchor plates 8 centrally in the area of the supporting projections 9 lying next to one another. When transverse displacement forces occur, these are therefore transmitted from one anchor plate 8 to the other anchor plate 8 connected to it via the stabilizing section 14, which is designed in the form of a rod.
  • the stabilizing section 14 can be made of steel or fiber-reinforced plastic, for example.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 show a further embodiment of a railway sleeper according to the invention, in which the stabilizing section 14 also connects two adjacent anchor plates 8 to one another.
  • the stabilizing section 14 is here connected in the apex area between the anchor batten 8 and the supporting projection 9 and is therefore located directly below the cover beam 2.
  • the stabilizing section 14 additionally contributes to the overall stability of the railway sleeper, whereby the sleeper body 1 can be manufactured thinner and with less use of material. With the same durability, the railway sleeper offers improved load transfer into the ballast bed through increased flexibility of the sleeper body 1 and lower production costs due to the material saved.
  • the stabilizing element 14a can be designed, for example, as a threaded rod or as a rod with threaded sections at the ends. Steel or fiber-reinforced plastic can be used as the material.
  • the stabilizing element 14a is inserted into corresponding recesses in the anchor plate 8, here in the area of the supporting projections 9, and secured via connecting elements 15.
  • anti-twist nuts can be used as connecting elements 15. This makes it possible to build up a preload between two anchor plates 8 connected to one another via the stabilizing element 14a by means of the connecting elements 15. This increases the stability of the railway sleeper and even more material can be saved in the sleeper body 1.
  • the surface of the railway sleeper is designed in such a way that UV radiation cannot damage the plastic.
  • a non-slip, sanded or mineral grit layer can be applied to sleepers that will later be laid in the displacement area.
  • GRP resins mixed with quartz sand can be applied in the form of films or by spraying.
  • the surface must also be made sufficiently resistant to erosion.
  • the condition of the side support beams inside and outside would be suitable for the superstructure ballast to be supported appropriately by applying a polymer layer in order to improve the adhesion.
  • the later twisting of the individual gravel components can be prevented.
  • a double-walled version of a railway sleeper can also be used.
  • the resulting cavity is then filled with a filler so that it is completely filled. It is important to ensure that the specific weight of the fillers together with the double-walled outer skin reaches a minimum weight of 80 kg in order to keep the railway sleeper in the correct position in its configured position in the ballast bed. Since the filler has to absorb and dissipate both compressive and tensile forces due to the dynamic load on the railway sleeper, it makes sense to use a mixture of polymers and basalt sand, which has a high specific gravity and is suitable for absorbing tensile and compressive forces is.
  • sound absorbers can be installed outside the gauge profile using adapters that are easy to install later.
  • absorbers can be installed between the rail and the ribbed plates.
  • Absorber devices made of polymers, silicones or acetals are also possible for bracing the rail with tension clamps and the ribbed plate.
  • the railway sleeper according to the invention brings an enormous reduction in maintenance intervals for the operator of the railway line.
  • the costs for maintenance and repair usually amount to around two thirds of the total investment. Due to the significantly larger contact area with the new ballast bed, the surface friction is significantly greater and the load per cm 2 is significantly lower, resulting in a longer service life and lower LCC costs.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une traverse de voie ferrée comprenant un corps de traverse (1) en matière plastique renforcée par des fibres se présentant sous la forme d'un profilé longitudinal sensiblement en forme de U, comprenant une poutre supérieure (2) et deux poutres de support (3) adjacentes aux côtés longitudinaux de la poutre supérieure (2), cette poutre supérieure (2) et les deux poutres de support (3) définissant une zone intérieure (4) de la traverse de voie ferrée, et des passages (5) étant prévus dans la poutre supérieure (2) pour l'agencement d'au moins deux dispositifs de fixation destinés à recevoir des rails (13), ces dispositifs de fixation comprenant respectivement une plaque nervurée (6) pouvant être disposée sur le côté supérieur de la poutre supérieure (2) et une plaque d'ancrage (8) pouvant être disposée sur le côté inférieur de la poutre supérieure (2) et pouvant être reliée à la plaque nervurée (6) par l'intermédiaire de moyens de liaison (7). La plaque d'ancrage (8) comporte au moins une partie saillante d'appui (9) contre les déplacements transversaux, qui s'étend transversalement à la direction longitudinale du corps de traverse (1) et qui, à l'état monté, est orientée selon un angle par rapport à la plaque d'ancrage (8), sensiblement vers le bas. Les plaques d'ancrage (8) d'une traverse de voie ferrée sont fabriquées en matière plastique renforcée par des fibres et sont reliées entre elles à l'état monté par des parties de stabilisation (14) ou des éléments de stabilisation (14a).
PCT/AT2023/060304 2022-09-01 2023-08-31 Traverse de voie ferrée WO2024044805A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA60133/2022A AT526490A1 (de) 2022-09-01 2022-09-01 Eisenbahnschwelle
ATA60133/2022 2022-09-01

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WO2024044805A1 true WO2024044805A1 (fr) 2024-03-07

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1505806A (en) * 1924-03-19 1924-08-19 Justus J Ross Metal mine tie
WO1989010450A1 (fr) 1988-04-26 1989-11-02 Maentysaari Olavi Agencement servant a fixer des rails a des traverses de chemins de fer en acier
WO2016134747A1 (fr) 2015-02-24 2016-09-01 Sustainable Railway Components Gmbh Traverse en composite à renfort textile
DE102017207746A1 (de) * 2017-05-08 2018-11-08 Hyperion Verwaltung Gmbh Bahnschwelle aus Kunststoffblöcken und einem diese verbindenden Verbindungselement sowie Verfahren zum Erfassen von Informationen und/oder Daten
US20200370247A1 (en) * 2019-05-24 2020-11-26 Braskem S.A. Railway sleepers and methods thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1505806A (en) * 1924-03-19 1924-08-19 Justus J Ross Metal mine tie
WO1989010450A1 (fr) 1988-04-26 1989-11-02 Maentysaari Olavi Agencement servant a fixer des rails a des traverses de chemins de fer en acier
WO2016134747A1 (fr) 2015-02-24 2016-09-01 Sustainable Railway Components Gmbh Traverse en composite à renfort textile
DE102017207746A1 (de) * 2017-05-08 2018-11-08 Hyperion Verwaltung Gmbh Bahnschwelle aus Kunststoffblöcken und einem diese verbindenden Verbindungselement sowie Verfahren zum Erfassen von Informationen und/oder Daten
US20200370247A1 (en) * 2019-05-24 2020-11-26 Braskem S.A. Railway sleepers and methods thereof

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