WO2024041008A1 - 一种车地通信的车载通信系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种车地通信的车载通信系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024041008A1
WO2024041008A1 PCT/CN2023/090297 CN2023090297W WO2024041008A1 WO 2024041008 A1 WO2024041008 A1 WO 2024041008A1 CN 2023090297 W CN2023090297 W CN 2023090297W WO 2024041008 A1 WO2024041008 A1 WO 2024041008A1
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Prior art keywords
communication unit
communication
standard
vehicle
unit
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PCT/CN2023/090297
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蔡昌俊
刘畅远
林勇杰
王志刚
蔡鑫荣
黄宗慧
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广东省新一代通信与网络创新研究院
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Publication of WO2024041008A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024041008A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/42—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for mass transport vehicles, e.g. buses, trains or aircraft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • H04B1/0053—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/3822—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving specially adapted for use in vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular, to a vehicle-mounted communication system and method for vehicle-to-ground communication.
  • TAU Train Access Unit
  • the device is connected to the in-vehicle switch through an Ethernet interface to realize information interaction with in-vehicle data services. Ethernet networking is used in the vehicle, and each compartment is interconnected through the on-board switch.
  • TAU and its supporting roof antenna are an important part of realizing wireless communication between trains and ground, passenger information system (PIS) on the train, on-board high-definition video surveillance, subway train control CBTC, trackside signal control, Services such as the pantograph detection system, track foreign object intrusion system, and train-to-ground dump system can all be connected to the wireless communication system through TAU equipment, thereby interoperating with system equipment outside the vehicle.
  • PIS passenger information system
  • Services such as the pantograph detection system, track foreign object intrusion system, and train-to-ground dump system can all be connected to the wireless communication system through TAU equipment, thereby interoperating with system equipment outside the vehicle.
  • the current vehicle-ground communication unit generally uses a single standard for control interaction and cannot handle multiple network standards at the same time. Especially under the current 5G network coverage, due to the diversified processing of standard signals, the entire vehicle-ground communication cannot be maintained. stability.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle-mounted communication system and method for vehicle-to-ground communication, which can simultaneously and reasonably handle networks of multiple standards, thereby meeting the needs of different users of vehicle-mounted communications and conducive to the stability of the rail transit network. sex.
  • the first aspect of the present invention discloses a vehicle-mounted communication system for vehicle-to-ground communication.
  • the system includes: a data acquisition unit for acquiring multicast data sent by the station dispatch control center; a central processing unit for For sending the multicast data to the corresponding standard communication unit according to the standard arrangement processing; multiple standard communication units are used to output multi-band signals based on the received different multicast data, wherein the standard communication unit at least includes GSM- R communication unit, TETRA communication unit, EUHT communication unit, LTE-M communication unit, 5G NR communication unit, WiFi5/6 communication unit, one or more combinations; multiplexer, used to output each standard communication unit The multi-band signals are combined and output to the same vehicle antenna.
  • the system further includes: a load sharing unit configured to control the transfer of services of the first standard communication unit with a service processing load to the idle second standard communication unit according to the air interface transmission rate of the standard communication unit.
  • the first standard communication unit is a 5G NR communication unit
  • the second standard communication unit is a WiFi5/6 communication unit
  • the load sharing unit is implemented as: when the 5G NR communication unit has a service Handling load, according to the 5G NR communication unit air interface transmission Rate control transfers the services of the 5G NR communication unit to the idle WiFi5/6 communication unit.
  • the system further includes: an active and standby networking unit, configured to perform link aggregation of two or more standard communication units to generate a dual-machine hot standby line.
  • an active and standby networking unit configured to perform link aggregation of two or more standard communication units to generate a dual-machine hot standby line.
  • the system further includes: a voice fusion unit, configured to separate or merge the voice service bearer data and the data service bearer data of the standard communication unit.
  • a vehicle-mounted communication method for vehicle-to-ground communication includes: obtaining multicast data sent by the station dispatch control center; and sending the multicast data to the corresponding destination according to the format arrangement and processing.
  • Standard communication unit outputs multi-band signals based on different received multicast data, wherein the standard communication unit at least includes a GSM-R communication unit, a TETRA communication unit, an EUHT communication unit, an LTE-M communication unit, and a 5G NR communication unit , one or more combinations of WiFi5/6 communication units; combine the multi-band signals output by each standard communication unit and output them to the same vehicle antenna.
  • the method includes: controlling the transfer of services of a first standard communication unit with a service processing load to an idle second standard communication unit according to an air interface transmission rate of the standard communication unit.
  • the first standard communication unit is a 5G NR communication unit
  • the second standard communication unit is a WiFi5/6 communication unit
  • the control is to control the average transfer of services of the first standard communication unit with a business processing load.
  • To the idle second standard communication unit includes: when the 5G NR communication unit has a business processing load, controlling the business transfer of the 5G NR communication unit to the idle WiFi5/6 communication according to the air interface transmission rate of the 5G NR communication unit unit.
  • the method further includes: performing link aggregation on two or more standard communication units to generate a dual-machine hot standby line.
  • the method further includes: separating or integrating the voice service bearer data and the data service bearer data of the standard communication unit.
  • the implementation of the present invention can simultaneously and reasonably handle networks of multiple standards, and connect communication units of different standards to corresponding wireless base stations, thereby meeting the needs of different users of vehicle-mounted communications, and is conducive to the stability of the rail transit network, and this After gathering different data into the vehicle communication system and then connecting it to networks of different standards through the network, it can complete multi-tasking parallel vehicle-mounted reinforcement systems such as communication, storage, and exchange.
  • multi-tasking parallel vehicle-mounted reinforcement systems such as communication, storage, and exchange.
  • the input multi-band signals together, they can be output to the same set of vehicle antennas.
  • the input and output signals of several different formats and frequency bands are combined through the combiner, which not only saves feeder wiring, but also avoids switching. The tediousness of different antennas.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted communication system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the corresponding hardware of a vehicle-mounted communication system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of a multiplexer of a vehicle-mounted communication system for vehicle-to-ground communication disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another vehicle-mounted communication system disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of yet another vehicle-mounted communication system disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another vehicle-mounted communication system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart of a vehicle-to-ground communication method disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention disclose a vehicle-mounted communication system and method for vehicle-to-ground communication, which can simultaneously and reasonably handle networks of multiple standards, and connect communication units of different standards to corresponding wireless base stations, thereby meeting the different requirements of vehicle-mounted communications.
  • User needs are conducive to the stability of the rail transit network, and this kind of aggregation of different data into the vehicle communication system and then connected to the network of different standards through the network can complete multi-tasking parallel vehicle reinforcement such as communication, storage, and exchange. system.
  • multi-band signals by combining the input multi-band signals together, they can be output to the same set of vehicle antennas.
  • the input and output signals of several different formats and frequency bands are combined through the combiner, which not only saves feeder wiring, but also avoids switching. The tediousness of different antennas.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted communication system for vehicle-to-ground communication disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vehicle-to-ground communication system includes:
  • Data acquisition unit 1 central processing unit 2, multi-standard communication unit 3 and multiplexer 4.
  • this on-board communication system is connected to the train control system, train monitoring system and station dispatch control center, so that real-time multicast data can be obtained.
  • the data acquisition unit 1 is used to acquire multicast data sent by the station dispatch control center.
  • the multicast data includes multicast transceiver data, which specifically refers to messages sent from one source, namely the station dispatch control center, and then forwarded to a
  • the group of specific receivers is the data acquisition unit of this vehicle communication system, so that there is at most one copy of the same message on each link. Compared with traditional unicast and broadcast, multicast data can save network bandwidth and reduce network load more effectively.
  • the central processing unit 2 arranges and processes the multicast data according to the standard and sends it to the corresponding standard communication unit.
  • the system includes multiple standard communication units, so that it can be based on the received Different multicast data output multi-band signals.
  • the standard communication unit includes a GSM-R communication unit, a TETRA communication unit, an EUHT communication unit, and an LTE-M communication unit.
  • control information is generally transmitted and video transmission is not possible, so the interface is retained on the hardware to support subsequent expansion.
  • different data can be aggregated into the vehicle communication system, and then forwarded to networks of different standards through network access strategies to complete multi-task parallel vehicle communications such as communication, storage, and exchange. system.
  • network access strategies to complete multi-task parallel vehicle communications such as communication, storage, and exchange. system.
  • a variety of applications can be realized, such as data collection, data processing, data communication, system monitoring, navigation and positioning, process control, fault diagnosis and other complex operations.
  • the multiplexer 4 is used to combine and output multi-band signals output by communication units of various standards to the same vehicle-mounted antenna.
  • the multiplexer 4 can not only save feeder wiring, but also avoid the trouble of switching different antennas.
  • the signal sources fed into the vehicle-to-ground communication system include both wide-spectrum 5G NR and WiFi signals, as well as narrow-band signals of GSM and TETRA, in order to ensure that there is no interference in the transmission and reception of signals, it is necessary to design multiple inputs and multiple outputs.
  • the combiner please refer to Figure 3 for the settings of the combiner, specifically:
  • the design method of the first channel Set the input LTE-M as the first channel, set the frequency band to 1785-1805MHz, and use duplex mode TDD; set the input 5G NR as the first channel, set the frequency band to 703-803MHz, 4800 -4960MHz, using duplex mode FDD; set the input WLAN or EUHT as the first channel, set the frequency band to 5150-5850MHz, use duplex mode TDD; combine the above three first channels and output them as the first channel .
  • the design method of the second channel Set the input LTE-M as the second channel, set the frequency band to 1785-1805MHz, and use duplex mode TDD; set the input 5G NR as the second channel, set the frequency band to 703-803MHz, 4800 -4960MHz, using duplex mode FDD; set the input WLAN or EUHT as the second channel, set the frequency band i5150-5850MHz, use duplex mode TDD; combine the above three channels and output as the second channel.
  • the design method of the third channel Set the input 5G NR as the third channel, set the frequency band to 703-803MHz, 4800-4960MHz, and use duplex mode FDD; set the input WLAN as the first channel, set the frequency band to 2400-2483MHz , using duplex mode TDD; combine the above two channels and output them as the third channel.
  • the design method of the fourth channel Set the input 5G NR as the fourth channel, set the frequency band to 703-803MHz, 4800-4960MHz, and use duplex mode FDD; set the input WLAN as the second channel, set the frequency band to 2400-2483MHz , using duplex mode TDD; the above two channels are combined and output as the fourth channel.
  • a multiplexer with a high degree of freedom can be realized, which facilitates the multi-band signals output by communication units of various standards connected to multiple combinations, and is conducive to meeting the diversification and stability of communication.
  • the hardware system of the vehicle-mounted communication system includes a CPU/FPGA chip, a memory, a 5G module, and an LTE-M module. group, WiFi5/6 module, EUHT module, GSM-R module, TETRA communication module, positioning and timing module, multiplexer, power supply and other control modules.
  • the CPU can Therefore, the design and integration of RISC, ARM, x86 and other hardware can also be used as high-computing power chips.
  • the CPU can have 8 native MACs, and its network port support quantity combinations are not limited to the following combinations: (1) 8 1Gbps Ethernet; (2) 1 2.5G/10Gbps and 7 1Gbps Ethernet; (3) 2 2.5G /10Gbps and 5 1Gbps Ethernet; (4) 3 2.5Gbps and 4 1Gbps Ethernet.
  • PCIe3.0 supports x1, x2, and x4 through SerDes configuration, and each channel supports up to 8GT/s.
  • SATA3.0 is supported through SerDes configuration, and the maximum rate supports 6Gbps.
  • the storage system includes onboard storage systems and external storage systems that support system operation.
  • the onboard storage system consists of memory and eMMC.
  • DDR4 is selected as the memory; eMMC has a large capacity and can store application data and logs. If fast startup of the device is considered, the system can also be run directly on the eMMC.
  • the external storage system can be used as a redundant design and can be installed according to actual application requirements. Taking into account the vibration environment of rail transit, an industrial-grade SSD with a SATA interface is used.
  • a CPU+Modem architecture is adopted in this embodiment, that is, the CPU is placed on the base plate, and the base plate provides PCIe, USB, UART, 1000Mbps network port, indicator light, and SIM to the outside world. Card slots, etc. and peripheral circuits of these related interfaces.
  • USB3.0 is used between the Modem and the CPU, with a maximum speed of 5Gbps or PCIe3.0, and a maximum speed of 8Gbps; the Modem uses mature modules and is connected to the backplane through the M.2 or PCIe interface.
  • the WiFi communication module supports WiFi 6e protocol and is backward compatible with 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax.
  • the positioning and timing unit is composed of a positioning module and an RTC circuit.
  • Each module can support Beidou and GPS.
  • the clock information obtained through Beidou and GPS is stored in the RTC module in real time.
  • the UART interface is used to communicate between the positioning module and the CPU.
  • the radio frequency interfaces of the two modules pass through the combiner and appear as a radio frequency port; the RTC and the CPU communicate through the I2C interface, and the backup power supply in the RTC also uses supercapacitors.
  • the hardware substrate of the vehicle communication system is equipped with multiple Ethernet wired network ports to realize the functions of LAN port and WAN port.
  • the CPU has one or more RGMII ports. If the number of native RGMII ports meets the demand, it can be directly connected to the PHY; if the native RGMII ports are not enough, it can be implemented through USB3.0 or PCIe expansion.
  • the Gigabit Ethernet port uses multiple independent MAC and PHY Gigabit Ethernet.
  • the serial port and CPU communicate through UART and are externally presented as RS232 and RS485/422 interfaces.
  • the RS232 interface can be used as a debugging interface for TAU for upgrades and debugging; on the other hand, it can be connected to RS232 devices and function as a serial port gateway.
  • the RS485/422 interface can be used as a serial port gateway to access vehicle sensor-related information.
  • the vehicle communication system also includes a load sharing unit 5, which is used to control the first unit with a business processing load according to the air interface transmission rate of the standard communication unit.
  • the services of the standard communication unit are transferred to the idle second standard communication unit.
  • Load sharing in this embodiment can be implemented based on the air interface transmission rate of the standard communication unit: specifically, when the fast forwarding function is turned off, messages are load-shared according to the physical air interface transmission rate of the standard communication unit interface, that is, message-based load sharing.
  • the device When the user configures a specified load air interface transmission rate for the interface, the device performs load sharing based on the user-specified interface air interface transmission rate, that is, the load is allocated in proportion to the physical air interface transmission rate of the interface. Therefore, when there are multiple standard communication units on one device, the traffic can be shared based on the user's information (source IP address) in the packet.
  • the first standard communication unit is a 5G NR communication unit
  • the second standard communication unit is a WiFi5/6 communication unit.
  • the 5G NR communication unit When the 5G NR communication unit has a business processing load, the 5G NR is controlled according to the air interface transmission rate of the 5G NR communication unit. The business of the communication unit is transferred to the idle WiFi5/6 communication unit.
  • the network of the 5G NR communication unit is connected to two wireless access base stations Node B1 and Node B2. At a certain time, the vehicle-to-ground communication connected to Node B2
  • the high traffic volume of devices i.e. end users
  • the traffic volume of Node B3 communication devices (i.e. end users) connected to the corresponding WiFi5 communication unit is relatively small.
  • WiFi5 provides services to ensure that the load of the two base station network elements of the 5G NR communication unit and WiFi5/6 communication unit is relatively even, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the entire vehicle communication system. This ensures the stable and orderly operation of the entire communication network system, thereby reducing the probability of system collapse.
  • communication units of other standards may also be selected for load sharing, which will not be described again here.
  • the vehicle communication system also includes an active and standby networking unit 6, which is used to connect two or more standard communication units.
  • Link aggregation generates a dual-machine hot standby line.
  • the two standard communication units are a 5G NR communication unit and a WiFi-6 communication unit.
  • the active and backup networking units 6 are used to perform link aggregation on them to generate two hot backup lines.
  • the device can automatically switch to the other link to continue the business, thereby ensuring the continuous stability of the business and extremely low user awareness, thus achieving "always disconnected" in rail transit scenarios. .
  • the dual-machine hot-standby line of this active-standby network can be implemented in active/standby mode. Specifically, it can be reflected that the device data uses a shared storage device. Only one terminal processing unit of the network is running at the same time. When one of the terminal processing units is running, When one terminal processing unit fails and the network cannot communicate normally, another backup terminal processing unit activates the new terminal processing unit through heartbeat diagnosis to ensure that the network is fully restored to normal use in a short time.
  • the vehicle communication system also includes a voice fusion unit 7.
  • the voice fusion unit 7 is used to separate or integrate the voice service data and data service data of the standard communication unit. .
  • the design of this unit is because 4G LTE and 5G NR only have packet domain PS and no longer support traditional CS voice, so there are two solutions, VoLTE and VoNR, to support voice services.
  • 5G NR is added to the existing 4G network as a capacity expansion, and the 4G core network EPC is used.
  • the 4G network is still the main control network.
  • 5G NR only supports best-effort data transmission. Under such an architecture, voice services are still provided by the existing 4G IMS/VoLTE network.
  • the 5G network Under SA networking, the 5G network has its own core network 5GC and no longer relies on 4G as the control network. This means that it can independently carry 5G voice services end-to-end through 5G NR, 5GC and IMS, that is, VoNR (Voice over NR). ).
  • VoNR Voice over NR
  • GSM-R network, TETRA, LTE-M and other communication networks that are already in operation can be fully applied, they will actually improve the efficiency of the industrial communications field. Network efficiency, reduction of network operation and maintenance costs, and re-cultivation of high-quality low-frequency resources.
  • the vehicle-ground communication system is equipped with the voice function, such as the GSM-R communication unit and the TETRA communication unit, and also includes the data function, such as the LTE-M communication unit, EUHT communication unit, 5G NR communication unit and
  • the WiFi communication unit can separate the voice service bearer and the data service bearer, because in the multi-network integration of rail transit, there will be scenes that require real-time and stable voice communication, and there will also be scenes that require real-time, high-quality video communication. .
  • Network collaboration ensures the stability and consistency of rail transit network construction through cross-line data exchange and business interconnection.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a vehicle-to-ground communication method disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 7, the method includes:
  • the multicast data includes multicast transceiver data, which specifically refers to messages sent from a source, that is, the station dispatch control center, and then forwarded to a group of specific receivers, that is, the data acquisition unit of the vehicle-mounted communication system. In this way, the same message There is at most one copy of the document on each link. Compared with traditional unicast and broadcast, multicast data can save network bandwidth and reduce network load more effectively.
  • the multicast data After receiving the multicast data, the multicast data is arranged and processed according to the standard and sent to the corresponding standard communication unit.
  • the system includes multiple standard communication units, so that it can be based on the received different multicast data.
  • the standard communication unit includes a combination of six types: GSM-R communication unit, TETRA communication unit, EUHT communication unit, LTE-M communication unit, 5G NR communication unit, and WiFi5/6 communication unit. .
  • GSM-R communication unit TETRA communication unit
  • EUHT communication unit EUHT communication unit
  • LTE-M communication unit LTE-M communication unit
  • 5G NR communication unit 5G NR communication unit
  • WiFi5/6 communication unit WiFi5/6 communication unit.
  • the combiner By combining the input and output signals of several different formats and frequency bands through a combiner and connecting them to the communication unit with the feeder of a pair of vehicle-mounted antennas, it can not only save feeder wiring, but also avoid the trouble of switching different antennas. Moreover, since the signal sources fed into the vehicle-to-ground communication system include both wide-spectrum 5G NR and WiFi signals, as well as narrow-band signals of GSM and TETRA, in order to ensure that there is no interference in the transmission and reception of signals, it is necessary to design multiple inputs and multiple outputs.
  • the specific design method of the combiner can refer to the description of the above system and will not be described in detail here.
  • the service of the first standard communication unit with a service processing load is also controlled to be transferred to the idle second standard communication unit according to the air interface transmission rate of the standard communication unit.
  • Load sharing in this embodiment can be implemented based on the air interface transmission rate of the standard communication unit: specifically, when the fast forwarding function is turned off, messages are load-shared according to the physical air interface transmission rate of the standard communication unit interface, that is, message-based load sharing.
  • the device When the user configures a specified load air interface transmission rate for the interface, the device performs load sharing based on the user-specified interface air interface transmission rate, that is, the load is allocated in proportion to the physical air interface transmission rate of the interface. Therefore, when there are multiple standard communication units on one device, the traffic can be shared based on the user's information (source IP address) in the packet.
  • the first standard communication unit is a 5G NR communication unit
  • the second standard communication unit is a WiFi5/6 communication unit.
  • the 5G NR communication unit When the 5G NR communication unit has a business processing load, the 5G NR communication unit is controlled according to the air interface transmission rate of the 5G NR communication unit. The business of the communication unit is transferred to the idle WiFi5/6 communication unit.
  • the network of the 5G NR communication unit is connected to two wireless access base stations Node B1 and Node B2.
  • the vehicle-to-ground communication connected to Node B2
  • the high traffic volume of devices i.e. end users
  • the traffic volume of Node B3 communication devices (i.e. end users) connected to the corresponding WiFi5 communication unit is relatively small.
  • WiFi5 provides services to ensure that the load of the two base station network elements of the 5G NR communication unit and the WiFi5/6 communication unit is relatively even, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the entire vehicle communication system. This ensures the stable and orderly operation of the entire communication network system, thereby reducing the probability of system collapse.
  • link aggregation is performed on two or more standard communication units to generate a dual-machine hot backup line.
  • the two standard communication units are a 5G NR communication unit and a WiFi-6 communication unit.
  • the active and backup networking units 6 are used to perform link aggregation on them to generate two hot backup lines.
  • the device can automatically switch to the other link to continue the business, thus ensuring the continuous stability of the business and extremely user awareness. Low, thereby achieving "always off the Internet" in rail transit scenarios.
  • the dual-machine hot-standby line of this active-standby network can be implemented in active/standby mode. Specifically, it can be reflected that the device data uses a shared storage device.
  • Only one terminal processing unit of the network is running at the same time.
  • another backup terminal processing unit activates the new terminal processing unit through heartbeat diagnosis to ensure that the network is fully restored to normal use in a short time.
  • the method further includes: separating or integrating the voice service bearer data and the data service bearer data of the standard communication unit.
  • the vehicle-ground communication system is equipped with this voice function, such as GSM-R communication unit and TETRA communication unit, and also includes data functions, such as LTE-M communication unit, EUHT communication unit, 5G NR communication unit and WiFi communication unit, thus It can separate the voice service bearer and the data service bearer, because in the multi-network integration of rail transit, there will be scenes that require real-time and stable voice communication, and there will also be scenes that require real-time, high-quality video communication. Network collaboration ensures the stability and consistency of rail transit network construction through cross-line data exchange and business interconnection.
  • the vehicle-to-ground communication system can be mounted on the vehicle-mounted communication device.
  • the vehicle-mounted communication device mainly includes a board, a multiplexer, a chassis, and a power supply. It can be modularly combined according to the needs of the business type and become a rack type. 1U, 2U, 3U models.
  • the implementation methods include: first, packaging the optimal computing combination platform into a specially-made reinforced chassis; second, single-board computer reinforcement based on the custom extended function design of the optimized platform core; third, based on board-level and component-level Hardened system-level hardening.
  • Vehicle-to-ground communication device models include: desktop, cabinet type, independent all-in-one, and portable.
  • the wireless unit needs to use LTE-M, 5G, and GSM-R standards, which are combined into a 1U prototype in this way. If you need to add WiFi5 or WiFi6 standard on the basis of the aforementioned services, the combination will be a 2U prototype. If it is necessary to add TETRA with voice service on the basis of the aforementioned services, the combination will be a 3U prototype, and the wireless unit with voice service will be TETRA, LTE-M, 5G, and GSM-R standards.
  • the connection port uses an aviation socket, with shielded wires and magnetic rings at both ends of the wires.
  • a low-pass filter is added at the input end of the power lead, and the length of the incoming wire is shortened as much as possible and grounded. Therefore, the industrial-grade computing platform core and components selected based on the above standards, based on high electrical and mechanical performance, achieve high reliability, high availability and custom expansion functions through highly modular board-level integration to achieve standardization. , a high degree of integration of generalization, modularization, integration and miniaturization.
  • An embodiment of the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program for electronic data exchange, wherein the computer program causes the computer to execute the described vehicle-to-ground communication method.
  • An embodiment of the present invention discloses a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and the computer program is operable. To make the computer perform the described vehicle-to-ground communication method.
  • modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated.
  • the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in a place, or can be distributed to multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement the method without any creative effort.
  • each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware.
  • the above technical solutions can be embodied in the form of software products in essence or in part that contribute to the existing technology.
  • the computer software products can be stored in computer-readable storage media, and the storage media includes read-only memories.
  • Read-Only Memory ROM
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • PROM Programmable Read-only Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
  • OTPROM One-time Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • CD-ROM Compact Disc Read -Only Memory

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种车地通信的车载通信系统，该系统包括：数据获取单元，用于获取车站调度控制中心发出的组播数据；中央处理单元，用于将组播数据根据制式编排处理发送至对应的制式通信单元；多个制式通信单元，用于基于接收的不同组播数据输出多频段信号，其中，制式通信单元至少包括GSM-R通信单元、TETRA通信单元、EUHT通信单元、LTE-M通信单元、5G NR通信单元、WiFi5/6通信单元的一种或多种的组合；多工合路器，用于将各个制式通信单元输出的多频段信号组合并输出至同一车载天线。根据本发明提供的系统和方法能够同时并合理的处理多个制式的网络，从而满足车载通信的不同用户需求，有利于轨道交通网络的稳定性。

Description

一种车地通信的车载通信系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种车地通信的车载通信系统及方法。
背景技术
随着现代铁路和通信技术的飞速发展，使得车地间通过车地通信单元实现的实时通信成为新的发展趋势。车地通信单元(Train Access Unit，TAU)一般被部署在城轨、城际、地铁、有轨电车等列车编组的前后带司机室的车厢内，一般TAU天线安装在带司机室车厢外侧顶部，设备通过以太网接口与车内交换机连接，实现与车内数据业务的信息交互，在车内采用以太网组网，各车厢通过车载交换机互联。
可见，TAU及其配套车顶天线是实现车地间无线通的重要组成部分，列车上的乘客信息系统(passenger information system，PIS)、车载高清视频监控、地铁列控CBTC、轨旁信号控制、弓网检测系统、轨道异物入侵系统、车地转储系统等业务均可通过TAU设备接入到无线通信系统，从而与车外的系统设备互通。但是，目前的车地通信单元一般是采用单一制式进行控制交互，无法同时处理多个制式的网络，特别是基于目前的5G网络覆盖下，由于制式信号的多样化处理无法保持整个车地通信的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种车地通信的车载通信系统及方法，能够同时并合理的处理多个制式的网络，从而满足车载通信的不同用户需求，有利于轨道交通网络的稳定性。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明第一方面公开了一种车地通信的车载通信系统，所述系统包括：数据获取单元，用于获取车站调度控制中心发出的组播数据；中央处理单元，用于将所述组播数据根据制式编排处理发送至对应的制式通信单元；多个制式通信单元，用于基于接收的不同组播数据输出多频段信号，其中，所述制式通信单元至少包括GSM-R通信单元、TETRA通信单元、EUHT通信单元、LTE-M通信单元、5G NR通信单元、WiFi5/6通信单元的一种或多种的组合；多工合路器，用于将各个制式通信单元输出的多频段信号组合并输出至同一车载天线。
在一些实施方式中，所述系统还包括：负荷分担单元，用于根据制式通信单元的空口传输速率控制具有业务处理负荷的第一制式通信单元的业务转移至空闲的第二制式通信单元。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一制式通信单元为5G NR通信单元，所述第二制式通信单元为WiFi5/6通信单元，所述负荷分担单元实现为：当所述5G NR通信单元具有业务处理负荷时，根据所述5G NR通信单元空口传输 速率控制所述5G NR通信单元的业务转移至空闲的WiFi5/6通信单元。
在一些实施方式中，所述系统还包括：主备组网单元，用于将两个或两个以上的制式通信单元进行链路聚合生成双机热备线路。
在一些实施方式中，系统还包括：语音融合单元，用于将制式通信单元的语音业务承载数据和数据业务承载数据分离或融合。
根据本发明的第二个方面，提供了一种车地通信的车载通信方法，所述方法包括：获取车站调度控制中心发出的组播数据；将所述组播数据根据制式编排处理发送至对应的制式通信单元；基于接收的不同组播数据输出多频段信号，其中，所述制式通信单元至少包括GSM-R通信单元、TETRA通信单元、EUHT通信单元、LTE-M通信单元、5G NR通信单元、WiFi5/6通信单元的一种或多种的组合；将各个制式通信单元输出的多频段信号组合并输出至同一车载天线。
在一些实施方式中，所述方法包括：根据制式通信单元的空口传输速率控制具有业务处理负荷的第一制式通信单元的业务转移至空闲的第二制式通信单元。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一制式通信单元为5G NR通信单元，所述第二制式通信单元为WiFi5/6通信单元，所述控制具有业务处理负荷的第一制式通信单元的业务平均转移至空闲的第二制式通信单元包括：当所述5G NR通信单元具有业务处理负荷时，根据所述5G NR通信单元空口传输速率控制所述5G NR通信单元的业务转移至空闲的WiFi5/6通信单元。
在一些实施方式中，所述方法还包括：将两个或两个以上的制式通信单元进行链路聚合生成双机热备线路。
在一些实施方式中，该方法还包括：将制式通信单元的语音业务承载数据和数据业务承载数据分离或融合。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
实施本发明能够同时并合理的处理多个制式的网络，将不同制式的通信单元接入至对应的无线基站，从而满足车载通信的不同用户需求，有利于轨道交通网络的稳定性，而且这种将不同数据汇聚到车载通信系统后再通过网络接入到不同制式的网络上去后能完成通信、存储、交换等多任务并行的车载加固系统。此外，通过将输入的多频段的信号组合在一起就能够输出到同一套车载天线上，几种不同制式、频段的输入输出信号通过合路器合路后不仅节约馈线走线，还避免了切换不同天线的繁琐。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例公开的一种车地通信的车载通信系统示意图；
图2为本发明实施例公开的一种车地通信的车载通信系统对应硬件示意图；
图3为本发明实施例公开的一种车地通信的车载通信系统的多工合路器实现示意图；
图4为本发明实施例公开的又一种车地通信的车载通信系统示意图；
图5为本发明实施例公开的再一种车地通信的车载通信系统示意图；
图6为本发明实施例公开的另一种车地通信的车载通信系统示意图；
图7为本发明实施例公开的一种车地通信的车载通信的方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解和实施，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例的术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或模块的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或模块，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或模块。
本发明实施例公开了一种车地通信的车载通信系统及方法，能够同时并合理的处理多个制式的网络，将不同制式的通信单元接入至对应的无线基站，从而满足车载通信的不同用户需求，有利于轨道交通网络的稳定性，而且这种将不同数据汇聚到车载通信系统后再通过网络接入到不同制式的网络上去后能完成通信、存储、交换等多任务并行的车载加固系统。此外，通过将输入的多频段的信号组合在一起就能够输出到同一套车载天线上，几种不同制式、频段的输入输出信号通过合路器合路后不仅节约馈线走线，还避免了切换不同天线的繁琐。
请参阅图1，图1为本发明实施例公开的一种车地通信的车载通信系统示意图。如图1所示，该车地通信的车载通信系统包括：
数据获取单元1、中央处理单元2、多个制式通信单元3和多工合路器4。在实际应用时，本车载通信系统与列车控制系统、列车监控系统和车站调度控制中心连接，由此能够获取实时的组播数据。
具体地，数据获取单元1用于获取车站调度控制中心发出的组播数据，该组播数据包括组播收发数据，具体指代为报文从一个源即车站调度控制中心发出，然后被转发到一组特定的接收者即本车载通信系统的数据获取单元中，这样相同的报文在每条链路上最多有一份。相较于传统的单播和广播，组播数据可以更有效地节约网络带宽、降低网络负载。中央处理单元2在接收到该组播数据后，便将该组播数据根据制式编排处理发送至对应的制式通信单元，其中，在本系统中包括有多个制式通信单元，从而能够基于接收的不同组播数据输出多频段信号，在本实施例中，制式通信单元包括GSM-R通信单元、TETRA通信单元、EUHT通信单元、LTE-M通 信单元、5G NR通信单元、WiFi5/6通信单元这六种的组合。在具体应用时，由于GSM-R通信单元和TETRA通信单元能传输的数据量比较小，一般进行控制信息传输，无法进行视频传输，所以在硬件上保留接口，支持后续扩展。将不同的通信单元接入对应制式后，满足了不同数据汇聚到车载通信系统，之后再通过网络接入策略转发到不同制式的网络上，就完成通信、存储、交换等多任务并行的车载通信系统。通过这种不同制式的配合能够实现多种应用，如数据采集、数据处理、数据通信、系统监控、导航定位、过程控制、故障诊断等复杂操作。
进一步地，该多工合路器4用于将各个制式通信单元输出的多频段信号组合并输出至同一车载天线。这种通过将几种不同制式、频段的输入输出信号通过合路器合路后,用一副车载天线的馈线与通信单元连接，不仅能够节约馈线走线，还避免了切换不同天线的麻烦。而且，由于车地通信系统馈入的信源既有宽频谱5G NR和WiFi信号，也有GSM、TETRA的窄带信号，为了保证信号之间的发射和接收无干扰，需要设计多路输入多路输出的合路器，对于该合路器的设置可以参照图3，具体地：
第一个通道的设计方式：将输入LTE-M设置为第一通道，设置频段为1785-1805MHz，采用双工模式TDD；将输入5G NR设置为第一通道，设置频段为703-803MHz，4800-4960MHz，采用双工模式FDD；将输入WLAN或者EUHT设置为第一通道，设置频段为5150-5850MHz，采用双工模式TDD；将上述的三个第一通道合路后输出作为第一个通道。
第二个通道的设计方式：将输入LTE-M设置为第二通道，设置频段为1785-1805MHz，采用双工模式TDD；将输入5G NR设置为第二通道，设置频段为703-803MHz，4800-4960MHz，采用双工模式FDD；将输入WLAN或者EUHT设置为第二通道，设置频段i5150-5850MHz，采用双工模式TDD；将上述三个通道合路后输出作为第二个通道。
第三个通道的设计方式：将输入5G NR设置为第三通道，设置频段为703-803MHz，4800-4960MHz，采用双工模式FDD；将输入WLAN设置为第一通道，设置频段为2400-2483MHz，采用双工模式TDD；将上述两个通道合路后输出作为第三个通道。
第四个通道的设计方式：将输入5G NR设置为第四通道，设置频段为703-803MHz，4800-4960MHz，采用双工模式FDD；将输入WLAN设置为第二通道，设置频段为2400-2483MHz，采用双工模式TDD；将上述两个通道合路后输出作为第四个通道。
由此，能够实现高自由度的多工合路器，便于多种组合接入的各个制式通信单元输出的多频段信号，有利于满足通信的多样化和稳定性。
具体地，请参见图2为本实施例的一种车载通信系统的对应硬件示意图，如图2所示，车载通信系统的硬件系统包括CPU/FPGA芯片、存储器、5G模组、LTE-M模组、WiFi5/6模组、EUHT模组、GSM-R模组、TETRA通信模块、定位校时模组、多工器、电源和其他控制模块。其中，CPU可 以是RISC、ARM、x86等硬件的设计整合，也可是高算力芯片。该CPU能够具备8个原生MAC，其网口支持数量组合不限于如下组合：(1)8个1Gbps Ethernet；(2)1个2.5G/10Gbps和7个1Gbps Ethernet；(3)2个2.5G/10Gbps和5个1Gbps Ethernet；(4)3个2.5Gbps和4个1Gbps Ethernet。PCIe3.0通过SerDes配置支持x1、x2、x4，每通道最高支持8GT/s。SATA3.0通过SerDes配置支持，最高速率支持6Gbps。在存储系统中包括支持系统运行的板载存储系统和外部存储系统。板载存储系由内存、eMMC组成，为了提高数据的读写速度，内存选择DDR4；eMMC容量很大，可以存储应用数据和日志，如果考虑设备快速启动，也可以在eMMC上直接运行系统。外部存储系统可作为冗余设计，根据实际的应用需求选择加装，考虑运行在轨交的振动环境下，采用SATA接口的工业级SSD。
为了满足车载通信系统的灵活性和可扩展的要求，在本实施例中采用CPU+Modem的架构，即将CPU放置在底板上，底板对外提供PCIe、USB、UART、1000Mbps网口、指示灯、SIM卡槽等以及这些相关接口的外围电路。Modem和CPU之间的采用USB3.0，最高速率5Gbps或者PCIe3.0，最高速率8Gbps；Modem选用成熟的模组，通过M.2或者PCIe的接口和底板相连，当通信模组异常时系统可以通过断电方式对模块进行冷重启。示例性地，WiFi通信模组支持WiFi 6e协议，向下兼容802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax。
该定位校时单元由定位模块和RTC电路组成，每个模块可以支持北斗和GPS，通过北斗和GPS获取的时钟信息实时存储在RTC模块中。定位模块和CPU之间采用UART接口通信，两个模块的射频接口通过合路器后外呈现一个射频口；RTC和CPU之间通过I2C接口通信，RTC中的备用电源也采用超级电容。
进一步地，车载通信系统的硬件基板上具备多个以太网有线网口，从而实现LAN口和WAN口功能。CPU具有一个或多个RGMII口，如果原生RGMII口的数量满足需求，直接连PHY就可以；如果原生RGMII口不够，则通过USB3.0或者PCIe扩展实现。千兆网口采用多个独立MAC加PHY的千兆以太网。串口和CPU通过UART通信，对外以RS232和RS485/422接口呈现，RS232接口一方面可以作为TAU的调试接口，用于升级和调试；另一方面可以接入RS232设备，起到串口网关作用。RS485/422接口可以作为串口网关接入车上传感器相关信息。
进一步地，在其他优选实施方式中，如图4所示，本车载通信系统还包括负荷分担单元5，该负荷分担单元5用于根据制式通信单元的空口传输速率控制具有业务处理负荷的第一制式通信单元的业务转移至空闲的第二制式通信单元。当前的应用设备上往往会存在两个等价路由，即可以具象为两个制式通信单元，如果其中一个制式通信单元有数据流通过，则会从其中一个制式通信单元进行转发；如果其中一个制式通信单元没有数据流通过，则会分别转发这两个制式通信单元。但在快速转发功能关闭后，进行基于报文的负荷分担，将待发送的报文平均分配到两个制式通信单元上。 在本实施例的负荷分担能够基于制式通信单元的空口传输速率实现：具体为，在快速转发功能关闭时，消息根据制式通信单元接口物理的空口传输速率进行负载分摊即基于消息的负载分摊，在用户为该接口配置了指定的负载空口传输速率时，设备按用户指定的接口空口传输速率进行负载分摊，即按照接口物理空口传输速率的比例关系进行分配。由此，在一个设备上存在多个制式通信单元的情况下，可以根据用户在报文中的信息(源IP地址)来分担流量。具体地，第一制式通信单元为5G NR通信单元，第二制式通信单元为WiFi5/6通信单元，当5G NR通信单元具有业务处理负荷时，根据5G NR通信单元空口传输速率控制所述5G NR通信单元的业务转移至空闲的WiFi5/6通信单元。以多个不同制式通信单元的基站网元的负荷分担为例：5G NR通信单元的网络下连接了两个无线接入基站Node B1和Node B2，在某一时刻Node B2下挂的车地通信装置(即终端用户)业务量较多导致5G核心网的负荷较重，容量不足，而相对的WiFi5通信单元下连接的Node B3中车地通信装置(即终端用户)业务量则相对较少，从而导致了WiFi5通信单元连接的容量空余，在这种情况下，由软件控制并实现的5G网元负荷分担功能会将当前核心网下的某些车地通信装置的通信业务转移到WiFi5，由WiFi5为其提供服务，以保证5G NR通信单元和WiFi5/6通信单元两个基站网元的负荷比较平均，从而保证整个车载通信系统的稳定运行。由此，保证整个通信网络系统的稳定有序运行，进而减少系统崩溃的概率。在其他实施例中也可以选其他制式的通信单元进行负荷分担，在此不进行赘述。
进一步地，在其他优选实施方式中，如图5所示，本车载通信系统还包括主备组网单元6，该主备组网单元6用于将两个或两个以上的制式通信单元进行链路聚合生成双机热备线路。示例性地，两个制式通信单元为5G NR通信单元和WiFi-6通信单元，使用该主备组网单元6将他们进行链路聚合后生成了两路的热备线路。当一路链路故障之后，通过双机热备线路，设备可以自动切换另一路继续进行业务，从而保障了业务的连续稳定性，用户感知度极低，进而实现轨道交通场景的“永不断网”。该主备组网的双机热备线路，可以实现为active/standby方式，具体可以体现为设备数据使用一个共享的存储设备，在同一时间内只有一个网络的终端处理单元在运行，当其中运行着的一个终端处理单元出现故障导致网络无法正常通信时，另一个备份终端处理单元通过心跳诊断方式将改终端处理单元激活，保证网络在短时间内完全恢复正常使用。
进一步地，在其他优选实施方式中，如图6所示，本车载通信系统还包括语音融合单元7，语音融合单元7用于将制式通信单元的语音业务承载数据和数据业务承载数据分离或融合。该单元的设计是由于4G LTE和5G NR只有分组域PS，不再支持传统CS语音，于是就有VoLTE、VoNR两种方案来支持语音业务。在NSA组网下，5G NR作为容量扩展被添加到现有的4G网络中，并沿用4G核心网EPC，4G网络仍然是主要的控制网络， 5G NR仅支持尽力而为的数据传输。在这样的架构下，语音服务依然由现有的4G IMS/VoLTE网络提供。在SA组网下，5G网络有了自己的核心网5GC，不再依赖4G作为控制网络，这意味着可以通过5G NR、5GC和IMS端到端独立承载5G语音业务，即VoNR(Voice over NR)。但是，从轨道交通重资产角度看，演进到VoNR并不能提升网络效率，线路已运营的GSM-R网络、TETRA、LTE-M等通信网络，如果可以全部应用起来，在工业通信领域实际上提升网络效率、降低网络运维成本，以及重耕优质的低频资源。
而本实施例中将车地通信系统中设置了该语音功能，如GSM-R通信单元和TETRA通信单元，也包含了数据功能，如LTE-M通信单元、EUHT通信单元、5G NR通信单元和WiFi通信单元，从而能够使语音业务承载和数据业务承载的分离，因为在轨道交通的多网融合，既会有场景需要实时、稳定的语音通信，也会有场景需要实时、高质量的视频通信。网络化协同，即通过跨线路的数据互通和业务互联，保证轨道交通网络建设的稳定性和一致性。
请参阅图7，图7为本发明实施例公开的一种车地通信的车载通信方法流程示意图。如图7所示，该方法包括：
101、获取车站调度控制中心发出的组播数据。
该组播数据包括组播收发数据，具体指代为报文从一个源即车站调度控制中心发出，然后被转发到一组特定的接收者即本车载通信系统的数据获取单元中，这样相同的报文在每条链路上最多有一份。相较于传统的单播和广播，组播数据可以更有效地节约网络带宽、降低网络负载。
102、将组播数据根据制式编排处理发送至对应的制式通信单元。
103、基于接收的不同组播数据输出多频段信号。
在接收到该组播数据后，便将该组播数据根据制式编排处理发送至对应的制式通信单元，其中，在本系统中包括有多个制式通信单元，从而能够基于接收的不同组播数据输出多频段信号，在本实施例中，制式通信单元包括GSM-R通信单元、TETRA通信单元、EUHT通信单元、LTE-M通信单元、5G NR通信单元、WiFi5/6通信单元这六种的组合。在具体应用时，由于GSM-R通信单元和TETRA通信单元能传输的数据量比较小，一般进行控制信息传输，无法进行视频传输，所以在硬件上保留接口，支持后续扩展。将不同的通信单元接入对应制式后，满足了不同数据汇聚到车载通信系统，之后再通过网络接入策略转发到不同制式的网络上，就完成通信、存储、交换等多任务并行的车载通信系统。通过这种不同制式的配合能够实现多种应用，如数据采集、数据处理、数据通信、系统监控、导航定位、过程控制、故障诊断等复杂操作。
104、将各个制式通信单元输出的多频段信号组合并输出至同一车载天
线。
这种通过将几种不同制式、频段的输入输出信号通过合路器合路后,用一副车载天线的馈线与通信单元连接，不仅能够节约馈线走线，还避免了切换不同天线的麻烦。而且，由于车地通信系统馈入的信源既有宽频谱5G NR和WiFi信号，也有GSM、TETRA的窄带信号，为了保证信号之间的发射和接收无干扰，需要设计多路输入多路输出的合路器，具体的设计方法可以参照上述系统的描述，在此不进行赘述。
由此，能够便于多种组合接入的各个制式通信单元输出的多频段信号，有利于满足通信的多样化和稳定性。
在其他优选实施方式中，还根据制式通信单元的空口传输速率控制具有业务处理负荷的第一制式通信单元的业务转移至空闲的第二制式通信单元。当前的应用设备上往往会存在两个等价路由，即可以具象为两个制式通信单元，如果其中一个制式通信单元有数据流通过，则会从其中一个制式通信单元进行转发；如果其中一个制式通信单元没有数据流通过，则会分别转发这两个制式通信单元。但在快速转发功能关闭后，进行基于报文的负荷分担，将待发送的报文平均分配到两个制式通信单元上。在本实施例的负荷分担能够基于制式通信单元的空口传输速率实现：具体为，在快速转发功能关闭时，消息根据制式通信单元接口物理的空口传输速率进行负载分摊即基于消息的负载分摊，在用户为该接口配置了指定的负载空口传输速率时，设备按用户指定的接口空口传输速率进行负载分摊，即按照接口物理空口传输速率的比例关系进行分配。由此，在一个设备上存在多个制式通信单元的情况下，可以根据用户在报文中的信息(源IP地址)来分担流量。具体地，第一制式通信单元为5G NR通信单元，第二制式通信单元为WiFi5/6通信单元，当5G NR通信单元具有业务处理负荷时，根据5G NR通信单元空口传输速率控制所述5G NR通信单元的业务转移至空闲的WiFi5/6通信单元。以多个不同制式通信单元的基站网元的负荷分担为例：5G NR通信单元的网络下连接了两个无线接入基站Node B1和Node B2，在某一时刻Node B2下挂的车地通信装置(即终端用户)业务量较多导致5G核心网的负荷较重，容量不足，而相对的WiFi5通信单元下连接的Node B3中车地通信装置(即终端用户)业务量则相对较少，从而导致了WiFi5通信单元连接的容量空余，在这种情况下，由软件控制并实现的5G网元负荷分担功能会将当前核心网下的某些车地通信装置的通信业务转移到WiFi5，由WiFi5为其提供服务，以保证5G NR通信单元和WiFi5/6通信单元两个基站网元的负荷比较平均，从而保证整个车载通信系统的稳定运行。由此，保证整个通信网络系统的稳定有序运行，进而减少系统崩溃的概率。
在其他实施方式中，还将两个或两个以上的制式通信单元进行链路聚合生成双机热备线路。示例性地，两个制式通信单元为5G NR通信单元和WiFi-6通信单元，使用该主备组网单元6将他们进行链路聚合后生成了两路的热备线路。当一路链路故障之后，通过双机热备线路，设备可以自动切换另一路继续进行业务，从而保障了业务的连续稳定性，用户感知度极 低，进而实现轨道交通场景的“永不断网”。该主备组网的双机热备线路，可以实现为active/standby方式，具体可以体现为设备数据使用一个共享的存储设备，在同一时间内只有一个网络的终端处理单元在运行，当其中运行着的一个终端处理单元出现故障导致网络无法正常通信时，另一个备份终端处理单元通过心跳诊断方式将改终端处理单元激活，保证网络在短时间内完全恢复正常使用。
在其他实施方式中，该方法还包括：将制式通信单元的语音业务承载数据和数据业务承载数据分离或融合。将车地通信系统中设置了该语音功能，如GSM-R通信单元和TETRA通信单元，也包含了数据功能，如LTE-M通信单元、EUHT通信单元、5G NR通信单元和WiFi通信单元，从而能够使语音业务承载和数据业务承载的分离，因为在轨道交通的多网融合，既会有场景需要实时、稳定的语音通信，也会有场景需要实时、高质量的视频通信。网络化协同，即通过跨线路的数据互通和业务互联，保证轨道交通网络建设的稳定性和一致性。
此外，在车地通信系统的具体应用时，可以搭载于车载通信装置，该车载通信装置主要包括板卡、多工器、机箱、电源，根据业务类型的需要做模块化组合，成机架式1U、2U、3U的机型。其实现方式包括：第一、把优选的计算组合平台封装到特制的加固机箱内；第二、基于优化平台内核的自定义扩展功能设计的单板计算机加固；第三、基于板级和部件级加固的系统级加固。车地通信装置机型包括：台式、机柜式、独立一体式、便携式。结构形式的重要性在于根据使用环境决定装载空间、安装方式和电缆连接要求。比如需要地铁的列控业务、城轨的列控业务、高清视频监控时，无线单元需要用到LTE-M、5G、GSM-R制式，按这种方式组合为1U样机。如果需要在前述业务的基础上增加WiFi5或者WiFi6制式，组合为2U样机。如果需要在前述业务的基础上再增加带语音业务的TETRA，组合为3U样机，带语音业务的无线单元为TETRA、LTE-M、5G、GSM-R制式。
不同类型的车载通信装置所采用的的屏蔽措施各不相同，当采用全封闭整体焊接，热传导设计的机箱时，屏蔽措施仅限于机箱结合部位。连接端口选用航空插座，带屏蔽层导线并在导线两端增加磁环，电源引线输入端增加低通滤波器，尽可能缩短入线长度并接地。因此基于上述标准选择的工业级计算平台内核与部件，在较高的电气和机械性能的基础上，通过高度模块化的板级集成达到高可靠性、高可用性和自定义扩展功能实现，实现标准化、通用化、模块化、一体化、小型化的高度融合。
本发明实施例公开了一种计算机可读存储介质，其存储用于电子数据交换的计算机程序，其中，该计算机程序使得计算机执行所描述的车地通信的车载通信方法。
本发明实施例公开了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括存储了计算机程序的非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质，且该计算机程序可操作 来使计算机执行所描述的车地通信的车载通信方法。
以上所描述的实施例仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理模块，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络模块上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
通过以上的实施例的具体描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到各实施方式可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件。基于这样的理解，上述技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中,存储介质包括只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable Read-only Memory，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory，EPROM)、一次可编程只读存储器(One-time Programmable Read-Only Memory，OTPROM)、电子抹除式可复写只读存储器(Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储器、磁盘存储器、磁带存储器、或者能够用于携带或存储数据的计算机可读的任何其他介质。
最后应说明的是：本发明实施例公开的一种车地通信的车载通信方法及系统所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已，仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解；其依然可以对前述各项实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或替换，并不使相应的技术方案的本质脱离本发明各项实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种车地通信的车载通信系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：
    数据获取单元，用于获取车站调度控制中心发出的组播数据；
    中央处理单元，用于将所述组播数据根据制式编排处理发送至对应的制式通信单元；
    多个制式通信单元，用于基于接收的不同组播数据输出多频段信号，其中，所述制式通信单元至少包括GSM-R通信单元、TETRA通信单元、EUHT通信单元、LTE-M通信单元、5G NR通信单元、WiFi5/6通信单元的一种或多种的组合；
    多工合路器，用于将各个制式通信单元输出的多频段信号组合并输出至同一车载天线；
    负荷分担单元，用于根据制式通信单元的空口传输速率控制具有业务处理负荷的第一制式通信单元的业务转移至空闲的第二制式通信单元实现为：根据制式通信单元接口物理的空口传输速率进行负载分摊，按照接口物理的空口传输速率的比例关系进行分配；其中，所述第一制式通信单元为5G NR通信单元，所述第二制式通信单元为WiFi5/6通信单元，所述负荷分担单元实现为：
    当所述5G NR通信单元具有业务处理负荷时，根据所述5G NR通信单元空口传输速率控制所述5G NR通信单元的业务转移至空闲的WiFi5/6通信单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车地通信的车载通信系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：
    主备组网单元，用于将两个或两个以上的制式通信单元进行链路聚合生成双机热备线路。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的车地通信的车载通信系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：
    语音融合单元，用于将制式通信单元的语音业务承载数据和数据业务承载数据分离或融合。
  4. 一种车地通信的车载通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    获取车站调度控制中心发出的组播数据；
    将所述组播数据根据制式编排处理发送至对应的制式通信单元；
    基于接收的不同组播数据输出多频段信号，其中，所述制式通信单元至少包括GSM-R通信单元、TETRA通信单元、EUHT通信单元、LTE-M通信单元、5G NR通信单元、WiFi5/6通信单元的一种或多种的组合；
    将各个制式通信单元输出的多频段信号组合并输出至同一车载天线；
    其中，所述方法还包括根据制式通信单元的空口传输速率控制具有业 务处理负荷的第一制式通信单元的业务转移至空闲的第二制式通信单元实现为：根据制式通信单元接口物理的空口传输速率进行负载分摊，按照接口物理的空口传输速率的比例关系进行分配；
    其中，所述第一制式通信单元为5G NR通信单元，所述第二制式通信单元为WiFi5/6通信单元，所述控制具有业务处理负荷的第一制式通信单元的业务平均转移至空闲的第二制式通信单元包括：
    当所述5G NR通信单元具有业务处理负荷时，根据所述5G NR通信单元空口传输速率控制所述5G NR通信单元的业务转移至空闲的WiFi5/6通信单元。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车地通信的车载通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将两个或两个以上的制式通信单元进行链路聚合生成双机热备线路。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的车地通信的车载通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将制式通信单元的语音业务承载数据和数据业务承载数据分离或融合。
PCT/CN2023/090297 2022-08-24 2023-04-24 一种车地通信的车载通信系统及方法 WO2024041008A1 (zh)

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