WO2024040596A1 - 电池单体的等效测试方法及测试治具 - Google Patents

电池单体的等效测试方法及测试治具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024040596A1
WO2024040596A1 PCT/CN2022/115245 CN2022115245W WO2024040596A1 WO 2024040596 A1 WO2024040596 A1 WO 2024040596A1 CN 2022115245 W CN2022115245 W CN 2022115245W WO 2024040596 A1 WO2024040596 A1 WO 2024040596A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
pressure relief
relief mechanism
test fixture
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/115245
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
白静峰
李耀
顾明光
陈小波
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN202280095228.6A priority Critical patent/CN119072635A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/115245 priority patent/WO2024040596A1/zh
Publication of WO2024040596A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024040596A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of battery testing, specifically, to an equivalent testing method and testing fixture for battery cells.
  • the battery cells are composed of positive electrode plates, negative electrode plates and separators, which are assembled into electrode assemblies (bare cells) by winding or lamination. They are then put into the case, covered with end caps, and finally injected with electrolyte. Obtained, and a pressure relief mechanism is provided on the casing or end cover to release the internal pressure of the battery cell when an abnormal state occurs in the battery cell.
  • various aspects of the performance of the battery cells are usually tested, such as reliability testing, cycle testing or storage testing.
  • the results of testing the battery cells in the existing technology are inconsistent with There are large errors in the actual usage of battery cells, which leads to inaccurate test results of battery cells, which is not conducive to the production and quality control of battery cells.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an equivalent test method and a test fixture for battery cells, which can effectively improve the accuracy of performance testing of battery cells.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an equivalent testing method for a battery cell, which includes: testing the plastic damage value P 1 of the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism when the battery cell is located in the box; Placed in the test fixture, the test fixture has a constraint surface spaced apart from the pressure relief mechanism in the first direction and facing the set; obtain the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism at different distances from the battery cell
  • the plastic damage value P 2 in the blast test determine the distance H 1 between the restraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism corresponding to P 1 ⁇ P 2 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ P 1 ; use the test that the distance between the restraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism is H 1
  • the fixture tests the battery cells.
  • the plastic damage value P 1 of the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell in the actual use scenario is first obtained, and then the battery cell is placed in the test fixture, and the constraints of the test fixture are The surface is spaced apart from and facing the pressure relief mechanism, so that the plasticity of the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism in the burst test of the battery cell can be obtained by setting the constraint surface of the test fixture and the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell at different distances.
  • Damage value P 2 and when P 2 is greater than or equal to P 1 and less than or equal to 1.5 times P 1 , obtain the corresponding distance between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism in the first direction, and then conduct other performance tests on the battery cells.
  • the actual usage scenario of the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell in the battery box is simulated by equivalence and simulation.
  • using this equivalent test method is conducive to improving the accuracy of other performance tests on the battery cell, so as to facilitate
  • the test fixture can be used to equate and simulate the actual usage scenarios of the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cells during use, which is beneficial to reducing the impact on other performance of the battery cells.
  • the difficulty and tediousness of the test can be improved to improve the testing efficiency of battery cells.
  • the equivalent testing method of the battery cell before placing the battery cell in the test fixture, also includes: testing the maximum deformation amount H 2 of the pressure relief mechanism during use of the battery cell in the box. ; After placing the battery cell in the test fixture, the equivalent test method of the battery cell also includes: setting the distance between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism to H 2 .
  • the maximum deformation H 2 of the pressure relief mechanism in the actual use scenario is obtained, and the distance between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism in the first direction is selected.
  • H 2 is used as the initial value of the equivalent test, so that the use of this equivalent test method is conducive to reducing the number of tests and is conducive to quickly obtaining the actual pressure relief mechanism that can equivalent and simulate the battery cell in the battery box.
  • the use of scenario-based test fixtures helps improve the testing efficiency of battery cells.
  • test fixture which is suitable for the above-mentioned equivalent testing method of battery cells.
  • the test fixture includes a base; along the first direction, the base has a structure for supporting the battery cells.
  • the abutting side of the side where the pressure relief mechanism is provided has an escape groove for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the bottom wall of the escape groove includes a restraining surface; wherein, along the first direction, the abutment side and the restraint The spacing between the faces is adjustable.
  • the test fixture is provided with a base, and an escape groove with an avoidance and pressure relief mechanism is formed on the abutment side of the base for the battery cells to abut, and the bottom wall of the escape groove forms a constraint surface.
  • the pressure relief mechanism and the constraining surface can be spaced apart and facing each other along the first direction.
  • the constraining surface and the abutting side as a structure with an adjustable spacing in the first direction, the distance between the constraining surface and the pressure relief mechanism can be changed, so that the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism can be positioned between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the plastic damage value P 2 of the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism in the burst test of the battery cell is obtained with different spacing between the pressure mechanisms.
  • the base includes a first base part and two first support parts; the first base part is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism along a first direction; and the two first support parts are detachably connected to the first base part and face the pressure relief mechanism.
  • One side of the pressing mechanism, and the two first support parts are spaced apart along the second direction.
  • the two first support parts and the first base part jointly define an escape groove.
  • the first support part is away from the first base part in the first direction.
  • One side forms an abutment side, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the base of the test fixture has a first base portion and two first support portions disposed on a side of the first base portion facing the battery cells.
  • the two first support portions are spaced apart along the second direction.
  • the cloth is used to support the battery cell, so that the two first support parts and the first base jointly define an escape groove for the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell, thereby realizing that the restraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism are along the first Directionally spaced arrangements, wherein the first support part is detachably connected to the first base part, so that the distance between the abutment side and the restraint surface in the first direction can be adjusted by replacing the first support part with different thicknesses to achieve restraint Adjust the distance between the surface and the pressure relief mechanism in the first direction.
  • the base includes a second base part, a locking piece and two second support parts; the two second support parts are spaced apart along the second direction, the second support part has an abutment side, and the second direction is vertical in the first direction; the second base portion is movably disposed between the two second support portions along the first direction, and the second base portion and the two second support portions jointly define an escape groove; the locking member is disposed on the second support portion part, and the locking member is used to releasably lock the second support part and the second base part.
  • the base of the test fixture has two second support parts and a second base part disposed between the two second support parts in the second direction, and the second support part has a structure for supporting the battery.
  • the spacing in the first direction is used to adjust the spacing between the restraining surface and the pressure relief mechanism in the first direction.
  • the test fixture further includes two first wall portions; along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the two first wall portions are spaced apart on the abutting side of the base, and the two first wall portions are An accommodating gap for accommodating battery cells is formed between the wall portions.
  • the test fixture using this structure can play a certain position limiting and guiding role for the battery cells through the two first wall portions, thereby facilitating the placement of the battery cells on the abutting side of the base.
  • the first wall is removably connected to the base.
  • the first wall part and the base are provided with a detachable connection mode, so that the first wall part can be repaired and replaced during the later use of the test fixture, thereby conducive to reducing the cost of the test fixture.
  • the cost of using the test fixture is provided with a detachable connection mode, so that the first wall part can be repaired and replaced during the later use of the test fixture, thereby conducive to reducing the cost of the test fixture. The cost of using the test fixture.
  • the test fixture further includes two second wall portions; along the third direction, the two second wall portions are respectively connected to both sides of the first wall portion, and the two second wall portions are used to cooperate with the clamp. Hold the battery cell with the first, second and third directions perpendicular to each other.
  • the test fixture is also provided with two second wall parts connected to both sides of the first wall part along the third direction, so that the battery cells can be clamped by the two second wall parts.
  • the battery cell can be fastened to the supporting side of the base to reduce the risk of the battery cell shaking during the performance test, which is conducive to ensuring the stability and stability of the battery cell during the test.
  • Reliability on the other hand, can equate and simulate the situation in which a battery cell is squeezed by other battery cells in actual usage scenarios, which is conducive to improving the reality of testing battery cells.
  • the second wall is removably connected to the first wall.
  • the second wall part is connected to the first wall part in a detachable connection manner.
  • the test fixture adopting this structure can reduce the assembly between the second wall part and the first wall part.
  • the battery cell can be placed on the abutting side of the base and then the battery cell can be clamped by the two second walls, thereby reducing the difficulty of placing the battery cell on the base.
  • the test fixture further includes a third wall portion; the third wall portion is connected to the first wall portion, and is spaced apart from the base along the first direction, and the third wall portion is used to abut against the base. on the side of the battery cell away from the base in the first direction.
  • the test fixture is also provided with a third wall portion for the battery cell to abut on the side away from the base in the first direction, so as to play a certain role in the first direction of the battery cell.
  • the constraint effect can reduce the phenomenon of the battery cell moving in the first direction during the performance test to ensure that the distance between the pressure relief mechanism and the constraint surface of the battery cell in the first direction is constant, thereby ensuring It is beneficial to improve the testing accuracy of battery cells.
  • the third wall is removably connected to the first wall.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of the structure of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the structure of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a front view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of an equivalent testing method for battery cells provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart of an equivalent testing method for battery cells provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a test fixture provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is an exploded view of the structure of a test fixture provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic assembly diagram of a test fixture and a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of position A of the test fixture shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the base of a test fixture provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is an exploded view of the structure of the base of the test fixture provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the base of a test fixture provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the base of a test fixture provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the base of a test fixture provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icon 100-battery; 10-box; 11-first box body; 12-second box body; 20-battery cell; 21-outer shell; 211-casing; 2111-opening; 212-end cover; 22 -Electrode assembly; 23-pressure relief mechanism; 231-weak part; 24-positive electrode terminal; 25-negative electrode terminal; 200-test fixture; 30-base; 31-resistance side; 32-avoidance groove; 33 -Restraining surface; 34-first base; 341-through hole; 342-groove; 35-first support part; 36-second base part; 37-second support part; 40-first wall part; 41-accommodation Gap; 50-second wall portion; 60-third wall portion; 61-resisting portion; X-first direction; Y-second direction; Z-third direction.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells or multiple battery modules. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and an isolation film. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the part of the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive electrode tab to realize the operation through the positive electrode tab.
  • the electrical energy input or output of the positive pole piece is a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the part of the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as a negative electrode tab to realize the realization of the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon. In order to ensure that large currents can pass through without melting, the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell is composed of a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator, which are assembled into an electrode assembly (bare cell) by winding or laminating, and then put into the casing, and finally injected with electrolyte, and then A pressure relief mechanism is provided on the casing to release the internal pressure of the battery cell when the internal pressure of the battery cell exceeds a threshold in an abnormal state.
  • a single battery cell is usually tested to obtain various performance indicators of the battery cell.
  • the box or other components installed in the box will affect the valve opening pressure of the battery cell's pressure relief mechanism, thus affecting the actual use of the battery cells.
  • the equivalent test method of the battery cell includes: testing the plastic damage value P 1 of the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism when the battery cell is placed in the box; placing the battery cell in the test fixture, and testing The fixture has a constraint surface spaced apart from and facing the pressure relief mechanism in the first direction; plastic damage values in the explosion test of the battery cell at different distances between the constraint surface corresponding to the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism and the pressure relief mechanism are obtained P 2 ; Determine the distance H 1 between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism corresponding to P 1 ⁇ P 2 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ P 1 ; test the battery cells using a test fixture with a distance of H 1 between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism. .
  • the plastic damage value P 1 of the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell in the actual use scenario is first obtained, and then the battery cell is placed in the test fixture. And make the constraint surface of the test fixture and the pressure relief mechanism spaced and facing each other, so that the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism in the battery cell can be obtained at different distances by setting the constraint surface of the test fixture and the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell.
  • the plastic damage value P 2 in the blast test of the body is obtained, and when P 2 is greater than or equal to P 1 and less than or equal to 1.5 times P 1 , the corresponding distance between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism in the first direction is obtained, and then the battery cell Other performance tests can be performed on the battery cell to equivalence and simulate the actual usage scenario of the battery cell's pressure relief mechanism in the battery box.
  • using this equivalent test method is conducive to improving other performance tests on the battery cell.
  • the accuracy of the test is to facilitate the production and quality control of battery cells.
  • the test fixture can equivalently and simulate the actual usage scenario of the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell during use, which is conducive to reducing the risk of battery cells. How difficult and cumbersome it is to conduct other performance tests on battery cells to improve the testing efficiency of battery cells.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the structure of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 , and the battery cells 20 are used to be accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the box 10 is used to provide an assembly space for the battery cells 20, and the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first box body 11 and a second box body 12 .
  • the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 cover each other.
  • the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 share a common
  • An assembly space for accommodating the battery cells 20 is defined.
  • the second box body 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box body 11 can be a plate-like structure.
  • the first box body 11 is covered with the open side of the second box body 12 so that the first box body 11 and the second box body 11 can be connected to each other.
  • the two box bodies 12 jointly define an assembly space; the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side cover of the first box body 11 is closed with the second box body 12 Open side.
  • the box 10 formed by the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be accommodated in the box 10 ; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20
  • the battery 100 modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a module form. Multiple battery 100 modules are then connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes. For example, in FIG. 1 , the battery cell 20 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded structural view of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a front view of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a casing 21, an electrode assembly 22 and a pressure relief mechanism 23.
  • the interior of the casing 21 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22.
  • the casing 21 can also be used to accommodate an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte.
  • the housing 21 can be of various structural forms.
  • the shell 21 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 23 is provided on the casing 21, and is used to relieve the pressure inside the battery cell 20 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 23 may be a component such as an explosion-proof valve, explosion-proof disk, air valve, pressure relief valve or safety valve.
  • the explosion-proof valve can be a combined explosion-proof valve or an integrated explosion-proof valve, etc.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 23 has a weak portion 231 .
  • the weak portion 231 is an area where the pressure relief mechanism 23 is provided with notched grooves, etc.
  • the weak portion 231 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 is stronger than other areas of the pressure relief mechanism 23 . Lower, so that the weak portion 231 can crack when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches the threshold value to release the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 .
  • the housing 21 may include a housing 211 and an end cover 212 .
  • a housing space for housing the electrode assembly 22 is formed inside the housing 211 , and an opening 2111 is formed at one end of the housing 211 in the first direction X.
  • the opening 2111 is connected with the accommodating space, that is, the housing 211 is a hollow structure with one end open.
  • the end cover 212 covers the opening 2111 of the housing 211 and forms a sealed connection to form a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 22 and the electrolyte.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 23 is installed on an end of the housing 211 away from the opening 2111 in the first direction X, and the pressure relief mechanism 23 and the end cover 212 are arranged oppositely in the first direction X. , that is, the pressure relief mechanism 23 is installed on the shell wall of the shell 211 opposite to the opening 2111 in the first direction X.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 23 can also be disposed on the end cover 212 .
  • the battery cell 20 may also include a positive electrode terminal 24 and a negative electrode terminal 25 .
  • the positive electrode terminal 24 and the negative electrode terminal 25 are both installed on the end cover 212 .
  • the electrode terminal 24 and the negative electrode terminal 25 are both used to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 22 to serve as the positive output electrode and the negative output electrode of the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a component that causes an electrochemical reaction in the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 may include a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a rolled structure formed by winding the positive electrode sheet, the isolation film and the negative electrode sheet, or may be a stacked structure formed by a stacked arrangement of the positive electrode sheet, the isolation film and the negative electrode sheet.
  • there may be one electrode assembly 22 accommodated in the housing 21 or there may be multiple electrode assemblies 22 .
  • FIG. 2 there are two electrode assemblies 22 , and the two electrode assemblies 22 are arranged in a stack.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of an equivalent testing method for the battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • This application provides an equivalent test method for battery cells 20, including:
  • S200 Place the battery cell 20 in the test fixture.
  • the test fixture has a constraint surface spaced apart from and facing the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction X;
  • S500 Test the battery cell 20 using a test fixture with a distance of H1 between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism 23 .
  • Step S100 refers to testing the plastic damage value P 1 of the weak portion 231 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20 during use when the battery cell 20 is placed in the box 10 .
  • the plastic damage value refers to the deformation of a material under certain conditions under the action of external force. When the applied external force is removed or disappears, the object cannot return to its original state. It is used to describe the damage process of irreversible deterioration of the properties of materials and structures. mechanical behavior.
  • the plastic damage value P 1 of the weak part 231 may be one of the maximum plastic strain, stress or strain energy of the weak part 231 .
  • the test method can use a strain measuring instrument and other devices to test the maximum plastic strain P 1 of the weak part 231 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 ; when the weak part 231
  • a stress detector can be used to detect or obtain the stress magnitude of the weak portion 231 .
  • the use process of the battery cell 20 may be a recycling process or a storage process.
  • Step S200 refers to that after the battery cell 20 is placed in the test fixture, the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20 is spaced apart from and facing the constraining surface of the test fixture in the first direction X, so that the pressure is released.
  • the mechanism 23 and the constraining surface form a gap in the first direction X.
  • Step S300 refers to adjusting the distance between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction The plastic damage value P 2 of the weak portion 231 in the burst test of the battery cell 20 .
  • the plastic damage value P 2 is the same characteristic value as the plastic damage value P 1 , that is to say, if the plastic damage value P 1 of the weak part 231 is the maximum plastic strain of the weak part 231 , then the plastic damage value of the weak part 231 P 2 is also the maximum plastic strain of the weak part 231 ; if the plastic damage value P 1 of the weak part 231 is the stress of the weak part 231 , then the plastic damage value P 2 of the weak part 231 is also the stress of the weak part 231 .
  • the plastic damage value P 2 can be obtained through experimental methods, simulation methods or empirical values.
  • the plastic damage value P 2 of the weak part 231 is the maximum plastic strain of the weak part 231
  • a device such as a strain measuring instrument can be used to test the maximum plastic strain of the weak part 231 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 .
  • the explosion test of the battery cell 20 refers to a test in which the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20 opens a valve and releases the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 by inflating air into the interior of the battery cell 20 .
  • the specific method of the explosion test of the battery cell 20 can be found in the relevant technology, and will not be described again here.
  • Step S400 refers to stopping the test after the plastic damage value P 2 obtained after multiple tests at different distances between the restraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction X is within the range of P 1 and 1.5 times P 1 , and Determine the distance H 1 between the constraining surface and the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction X at this time.
  • Step S500 refers to testing other properties of the battery cell 20 using a test fixture with the distance between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction X being H 1.
  • the battery can be tested by testing equipment.
  • the unit 20 performs reliability testing, cycle testing, storage testing or charge and discharge testing, etc.
  • the testing equipment may be a battery tester, a cell thermal abuse test chamber, a cell short-circuit testing machine, a cell low-pressure test chamber or a temperature cycle test chamber, etc.
  • step S300 after the battery cell 20 is placed in the test fixture, the weak portion 231 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 needs to be repaired when the pressure relief mechanism 23 and the constraining surface of the test fixture are at different distances.
  • the distance between the pressure relief mechanism 23 and the constrained surface of the test fixture in the first direction After accommodating the battery cell 20, the distance between the pressure relief mechanism 23 and the constraint surface in the first direction
  • the test can also be performed on the same test fixture.
  • the test fixture is set to a structure with an adjustable distance between the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction
  • the specific structure please refer to the subsequent description in this application.
  • the plastic damage value P 1 of the weak part 231 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20 in the actual use scenario is first obtained, and then the battery cell 20 is placed in the test fixture, and The constraint surface of the test fixture and the pressure relief mechanism 23 are spaced apart and facing each other, so that the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism 23 can be obtained at different intervals by arranging the constraint surface of the test fixture and the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20 .
  • step S200 before placing the battery cell 20 in the test fixture, the equivalent testing method of the battery cell 20 also includes:
  • step S200 after placing the battery cell 20 in the test fixture, the equivalent testing method of the battery cell 20 also includes:
  • Step S150 refers to testing the maximum deformation amount H 2 produced by the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20 during use of the battery cell 20 when the battery cell 20 is placed in the box 10 .
  • the testing method may be Devices such as a deformation measuring instrument are used to test the maximum deformation amount H 2 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 .
  • Step S250 refers to selecting H2 as the initial distance between the pressure relief mechanism 23 and the constraint surface in the first direction X to perform the test first after placing the battery cell 20 in the test fixture.
  • the maximum deformation H 2 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the actual use scenario is obtained, and the constraint surface and the pressure relief mechanism 23 are selected at the first The spacing in one direction
  • the test fixture in the actual usage scenario in the box 10 of the battery 100 is beneficial to improving the testing efficiency of the battery cells 20 .
  • the present application also provides a test fixture 200, which is suitable for the above-mentioned equivalent testing method of the battery cell 20.
  • a test fixture 200 which is suitable for the above-mentioned equivalent testing method of the battery cell 20.
  • Figure 6 is provided for some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is an exploded view of the structure of the test fixture 200 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic assembly diagram of the test fixture 200 and the battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial enlarged view of position A of the test fixture 200 shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the test fixture 200 includes a base 30.
  • the escape groove 32 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 has a bottom wall including a restraining surface 33 . Among them, along the first direction X, the distance between the abutting side 31 and the constraining surface 33 is adjustable.
  • the base 30 has an abutment side 31 on the side facing the battery cell 20 in the first direction X, so that the side of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 23 can abut against the abutment side 31 .
  • the bottom wall of the escape groove 32 includes a constraint surface 33 , that is, the bottom wall of the escape groove 32 forms a constraint surface 33 spaced apart from and facing the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20 in the first direction X.
  • the abutting side 31 and the constraining surface 33 of the base 30 can also be configured as a structure with a fixed distance in the first direction
  • the test can be carried out on the body 20, that is to say, only by replacing the base 30 with different distances between the abutment side 31 and the constraint surface 33 in the first direction
  • the plastic damage value P 2 of the weak area of the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the burst test of the battery cell 20 is tested.
  • the test fixture 200 is provided with a base 30.
  • the base 30 is used to form an escape groove 32 with the pressure relief mechanism 23 on the abutment side 31 for the battery cell 20 to abut, and the bottom wall of the escape groove 32 forms a constraint. surface 33, so that when the battery cell 20 is placed on the abutting side 31, the pressure relief mechanism 23 and the constraining surface 33 can be spaced apart and facing each other along the first direction X.
  • the part 231 obtains the plastic damage value P 2 of the weak part 231 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the burst test of the battery cell 20 when the constraint surface 33 and the pressure relief mechanism 23 are at different distances.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the base 30 of the test fixture 200 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 11 is Some embodiments of the present application provide an exploded view of the structure of the base 30 of the test fixture 200 .
  • the base 30 includes a first base part 34 and two first supporting parts 35 .
  • the first base 34 is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 23 along the first direction X.
  • the two first support parts 35 are detachably connected to the side of the first base part 34 facing the pressure relief mechanism 23, and the two first support parts 35 are spaced apart along the second direction Y.
  • the two first support parts 35 are connected to the first support part 35.
  • a base 34 jointly defines an escape groove 32 , and the first support portion 35 forms a resisting side 31 on a side away from the first base 34 in the first direction X, which is perpendicular to the second direction Y.
  • the side of the first support part 35 away from the first base part 34 in the first direction X forms the abutment side 31 , that is, along the first direction One side, and the side of the first support portion 35 facing the battery cell 20 is used for the battery cell 20 to abut.
  • the two first support parts 35 are spaced apart along the second direction Y.
  • the two first support parts 35 and the first base part 34 jointly define an escape groove 32. That is, the escape groove 32 of the base 30 consists of the two support parts and the first base part 34.
  • the base portions 34 are jointly defined, that is to say, the gap between the two first supporting portions 35 in the second direction Y forms an escape groove 32 .
  • first support part 35 is detachably connected to the first base part 34, so that by replacing the first support part 35 with different thicknesses, the abutment side 31 and the bottom wall of the escape groove 32 can be aligned at the first position.
  • the distance in the direction X is adjustable, so that the distance between the constraining surface 33 and the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction X is adjustable.
  • the first support part 35 may be detachably connected to the first base part 34 by bolts, snaps, or other means.
  • the base 30 can also have other structures.
  • only one first support portion 35 is provided on the first base portion 34 of the base 30 .
  • the first support part 35 is detachably connected to the side of the first base part 34 facing the pressure relief mechanism 23.
  • the first support part 35 is provided with an escape hole.
  • the escape hole penetrates both sides of the first support part 35 along the first direction X. side, the escape hole of the first support part 35 and the side of the first base 34 facing the pressure relief mechanism 23 jointly define an escape groove 32, that is, the surface of the first base 34 facing the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction Face 33.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the base 30 of the test fixture 200 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first base 34 of the base 30 may also be provided with a through hole 341 that penetrates both sides of the first base 34 in the first direction X, and the through hole 341 is used to communicate with the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20 are arranged oppositely along the first direction X, that is to say, the bottom wall of the escape groove 32 of the base 30 is provided with a through hole 341 extending along the first direction
  • the base 30 with this structure facilitates the release of the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 through the through hole 341 when the pressure relief mechanism 23 opens the valve.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the base 30 of the test fixture 200 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the base 30 can also be other structures, and can be at the first base.
  • 34 is first provided with a groove 342 on the side facing the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20, and a through hole 341 extending along the first direction
  • the groove bottom wall of the escape groove 32 is provided with a groove 342, and the groove bottom wall of the groove 342 is provided with a through hole 341 extending along the first direction
  • the bottom wall of the groove 342 is provided with a through hole 341 extending along the first direction
  • the base 30 of the test fixture 200 has a first base 34 and two first support portions 35 disposed on a side of the first base 34 facing the battery cell 20 .
  • the two first support portions 35 extend along the second direction Y. They are arranged at intervals to support the battery cells 20 , so that the two first support parts 35 and the first base part 34 jointly define an escape groove 32 for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cells 20 , thereby achieving restraint.
  • the surface 33 is spaced apart from the pressure relief mechanism 23 along the first direction and the distance between the restriction surface 33 and the first direction X to realize the adjustment of the distance between the restriction surface 33 and the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction X.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the base 30 of the test fixture 200 provided by some further embodiments of the present application.
  • the base 30 includes a second base part 36, a locking member (not shown in the figure) and two second supporting parts 37.
  • the two second support parts 37 are spaced apart along the second direction Y.
  • the second support parts 37 have abutting sides 31 .
  • the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the second base portion 36 is movably disposed between the two second support portions 37 along the first direction X.
  • the second base portion 36 and the two second support portions 37 jointly define an escape groove 32 .
  • the locking member is provided on the second support part 37 and is used to releasably lock the second support part 37 and the second base part 36 .
  • the second support part 37 has a resisting side 31 , that is, the second support part 37 is used to abut the side of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 23 .
  • the second base 36 is movably disposed between the two second support parts 37 along the first direction X.
  • the second base 36 and the two second support parts 37 jointly define an escape groove 32 , that is, the escape groove of the base 30 32 is jointly defined by the second base 36 and the two second supporting parts 37, and the bottom wall of the escape groove 32 is the side of the second base 36 facing the battery cell 20 in the first direction X, that is to say,
  • the constraining surface 33 is the surface of the side of the second base 36 facing the battery cell 20 in the first direction X.
  • the second base 36 may have various structures that are movable along the first direction X relative to the second support part 37.
  • both sides of the second base 36 are provided with A slide rail extending from It is arranged between the two supporting parts.
  • the slide block or the slide groove can also be arranged on the second base part 36 , and correspondingly, the slide rail is arranged on the second supporting part 37 .
  • the locking piece is used to releasably lock the second support part 37 and the second base part 36 , that is, the locking part can lock and tighten the second support part 37 and the second base part 36 to prevent the second base part 36 Move relative to the second support part 37 , and the locking member can release the second support part 37 and the second base part 36 to allow the second base part 36 to move relative to the second support part 37 .
  • the locking member may be a bolt or a locking pin.
  • the base 30 of the test fixture 200 has two second support parts 37 and a second base part 36 disposed between the two second support parts 37 in the second direction Y, and the second support part 37 has a structure for supporting
  • the abutment side 31 of the battery cell 20 is such that the second base portion 36 and the two second support portions 37 jointly define an escape groove 32 for avoiding the pressure relief mechanism 23 of the battery cell 20 , wherein the second base portion 36
  • the base portion 36 is movably disposed between the two second support portions 37 along the first direction
  • the fastener locks the second support part 37 and the second base part 36, it can prevent the second base part 36 from moving relative to the second support part 37, and when the locking part releases the second support part 37 and the second base part 36, it can allow
  • the second base 36 moves relative to the second support part 37 so that the distance between the abutment side 31 and the constraining surface 33 in the first direction Spacing adjustment.
  • the test fixture 200 further includes two first wall portions 40 .
  • the accommodation gap is 41.
  • the second direction Y is the length direction of the battery cell 20 , and the two first wall portions 40 are respectively located on both sides of the escape groove 32 along the second direction Y to facilitate accommodating the battery cell 20 .
  • the first wall portion 40 is a plate-shaped structure.
  • the test fixture 200 using this structure can play a certain limiting and guiding role for the battery cell 20 through the two first wall portions 40, thereby facilitating the placement of the battery cell 20 against the base 30.
  • the first wall 40 is removably connected to the base 30 .
  • the first wall portion 40 can be detachably connected to the abutment side 31 of the base 30 through bolting, snapping, or other means.
  • the first wall part 40 can be repaired and replaced during the later use of the test fixture 200 , thereby reducing the test cost.
  • the tool costs 200 to use.
  • the test fixture 200 further includes two second wall portions 50 .
  • two second wall portions 50 are connected to both sides of the first wall portion 40 respectively.
  • the two second wall portions 50 are used to clamp the battery cells 20 in the first direction X and in the second direction.
  • Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the third direction Z is the thickness direction of the battery cell 20 , so that the two second wall portions 50 can clamp both sides of the battery cell 20 in the thickness direction, thereby simulating multiple battery cells 20 A phenomenon in which batteries 100 are squeezed when stacked in the case 10 of the battery 100 .
  • the second wall portion 50 is a plate-like structure.
  • the test fixture 200 is also provided with two second wall portions 50 connected to both sides of the first wall portion 40 along the third direction Z, so that the battery cells 20 can be clamped by the two second wall portions 50.
  • the battery cell 20 can be fastened to the abutting side 31 of the base 30 to reduce the risk of the battery cell 20 shaking during the performance test, which is beneficial to ensuring that the battery cell 20 is in the test process.
  • it can equivalently and simulate the situation where the battery cell 20 is squeezed by other battery cells 20 in the actual usage scenario, which is conducive to improving the reality of testing the battery cell 20 .
  • the second wall 50 is removably connected to the first wall 40 .
  • the second wall portion 50 can be detachably connected to the first wall portion 40 through bolting, snapping, or other means.
  • the second wall part 50 is connected to the first wall part 40 in a detachable connection manner.
  • the test fixture 200 using this structure can reduce the assembly difficulty between the second wall part 50 and the first wall part 40 on the one hand.
  • the battery cell 20 can be placed on the abutment side 31 of the base 30 and then the battery cell 20 can be clamped by the two second wall portions 50 , so that the battery cell 20 can be placed on the base. Difficulty on seat 30.
  • the test fixture 200 further includes a third wall 60 .
  • the third wall portion 60 is connected to the first wall portion 40 along the first direction X.
  • the third wall portion 60 is spaced apart from the base 30 .
  • the third wall portion 60 is used to abut the battery cell 20 in the first direction X. on the side away from the base 30.
  • the first direction X is the height direction of the battery cell 20 , and the third wall portion 60 and the base 30 are spaced apart along the first direction and base 30.
  • the third wall portion 60 is connected to an end of the first wall portion 40 away from the base 30 in the first direction X.
  • the third wall portion 60 is used to abut against the side of the battery cell 20 away from the base 30 in the first direction On the side of the battery cell 20 away from the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction
  • the abutment portion 61 is located between the positive electrode terminal 24 and the negative electrode terminal 25 in the second direction Y. Adopting this structure allows the third wall portion 60 to effectively avoid the positive electrode terminal 24 and the negative electrode terminal 25 while abutting against the end cover 212 to reduce damage to the positive electrode terminal 24 and the negative electrode terminal 25 by the third wall portion 60 . risks of.
  • the test fixture 200 is also provided with a third wall portion 60 for the battery cell 20 to abut on the side away from the base 30 in the first direction
  • the constraining effect can reduce the phenomenon of the battery cell 20 moving along the first direction
  • the spacing size is constant, which is beneficial to improving the testing accuracy of the battery cells 20 .
  • the third wall 60 is removably connected to the first wall 40 .
  • the third wall portion 60 can be detachably connected to the first wall portion 40 through bolting, snapping, or other means.
  • the battery cell 20 By detachably connecting the third wall part 60 to the first wall part 40, the battery cell 20 can be placed in the accommodation gap 41 formed between the two first wall parts 40, and the third wall part can be lowered. The difficulty of assembling between the first wall portion 60 and the first wall portion 40 .
  • the present application provides an equivalent test method and a test fixture 200 for the battery cell 20 .
  • the equivalent test method for the battery cell 20 includes: testing The plastic damage value P 1 of the weak part 231 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 when the battery cell 20 is located in the box 10 ; test the maximum deformation amount of the pressure relief mechanism 23 during use when the battery cell 20 is located in the box 10 H 2 ; Place the battery cell 20 in the test fixture 200.
  • the test fixture 200 has a constraint surface 33 spaced apart from and facing the pressure relief mechanism 23 in the first direction X; connect the constraint surface 33 with the pressure relief mechanism 23 The distance is set to H 2 ; test the plastic damage value P 2 of the battery cell 20 in the burst test at different distances between the weak portion 231 of the pressure relief mechanism 23 and the corresponding constraint surface 33 and the pressure relief mechanism 23 ; determine P 1 ⁇ P The distance H 1 between the constraint surface 33 and the pressure relief mechanism 23 corresponds to 2 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ P 1 ; the battery cell 20 is tested using the test fixture 200 with a distance H 1 between the constraint surface 33 and the pressure relief mechanism 23 .
  • the test fixture 200 includes a base 30 , two first wall portions 40 , two second wall portions 50 and a third wall portion 60 .
  • the bottom wall of the escape groove 32 includes a restraining surface 33, and the distance between the abutment side 31 and the restraining surface 33 in the first direction X is adjustable.
  • the base 30 includes a first base 34 and two first support parts 35.
  • the first base 34 is arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 23 along the first direction X.
  • the two first support parts 35 are detachably connected to the first support part 35.
  • the base 34 faces the side of the pressure relief mechanism 23, and the two first support portions 35 are spaced apart along the second direction Y.
  • the two first support portions 35 and the first base portion 34 jointly define an escape groove 32.
  • the first support portion 35 forms an abutment side 31 on the side facing away from the first base 34 in the first direction X.
  • the two first wall portions 40 are spaced apart along the second direction Y on the abutting side 31 of the base 30 , and an accommodation gap 41 for accommodating the battery cells 20 is formed between the two first wall portions 40 .
  • the two second wall portions 50 are respectively connected to both sides of the first wall portion 40 along the third direction Z, and the two second wall portions 50 are used to cooperate and clamp the battery cells 20 .
  • the third wall portion 60 is connected to the first wall portion 40 along the first direction X.
  • the third wall portion 60 is spaced apart from the base 30 .
  • the third wall portion 60 is used to abut the battery cell 20 in the first direction X.
  • the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are vertical in pairs.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体的等效测试方法及测试治具，属于电池测试技术领域。其中，电池单体的等效测试方法包括：测试泄压机构的薄弱部在电池单体位于箱体内使用过程中的塑性损伤值P 1；将电池单体放置于测试治具内，测试治具具有在第一方向上与泄压机构间隔且面向设置的约束面；获取泄压机构的薄弱部对应约束面与泄压机构的不同间距下在电池单体的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2；确定P 1≤P 2≤1.5×P 1所对应的约束面与泄压机构的间距H 1；利用约束面与泄压机构的间距为H 1的测试治具对电池单体进行测试。这种方法能够模拟出泄压机构在箱体中的实际使用场景，有利于提高对电池单体进行性能测试的准确度，以便于电池单体的质量控制。

Description

电池单体的等效测试方法及测试治具 技术领域
本申请涉及电池测试技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体的等效测试方法及测试治具。
背景技术
近些年，新能源有了飞跃式的发展，电池作为当下新能源发展的重要组成部分之一，起着不可替代的重要作用，其中，电池在使用安全方面有着较高的要求。电池的电池单体是由正极极片、负极极片和隔膜通过卷绕或者叠片等方式组装成电极组件(裸电芯)，之后装入壳体，再盖上端盖，最后注入电解液后得到的，并在壳体或端盖上设置泄压机构，以在电池单体发生异常状态时泄放电池单体的内部压力。为了确保电池单体满足使用需求，通常会对电池单体各方面的性能进行测试，比如，可靠性测试、循环测试或存储测试等，但是，现有技术中对电池单体进行测试的结果与电池单体的实际使用情况存在较大的误差，从而导致电池单体的测试结果不准确，进而不利于电池单体的生产和质量控制。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体的等效测试方法及测试治具，能够有效提升电池单体的性能测试的准确度。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体的等效测试方法，包括：测试泄压机构的薄弱部在电池单体位于箱体内使用过程中的塑性损伤值P 1；将电池单体放置于测试治具内，测试治具具有在第一方向上与泄压机构间隔且面向设置的约束面；获取泄压机构的薄弱部对应约束面与泄压机构的不同间距下在电池单体的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2；确定P 1≤P 2≤1.5×P 1所对应的约束面与泄压机构的间距H 1；利用约束面与泄压机构的间距为H 1的测试治具对电池单体进行测试。
在上述技术方案中，通过先获取电池单体的泄压机构的薄弱部在实际使用场景中的塑性损伤值P 1，之后将电池单体放置在测试治具内，并使得测试治具的约束面与泄压机构间隔且面向设置，从而通过设置测试治具的约束面与电池单体的泄压机构在不同间距的情况下获取泄压机构的薄弱部在电池单体的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2，并在P 2大于等于P 1且小于等于1.5倍的P 1时获取对应的约束面与泄压机构在第一方向上的间距，进而对电池单体进行其他性能的测试，以等效和模拟出电池单体的泄压机构在电池的箱体中的实际使用场景，采用这种等效测试方法一方面有利于提高对电池单体进行其他性能测试的准确度，以便于电池单体的生产和质量控制，另一方面通过测试治具即可等效和模拟出电池单体的泄压机构在使用过程中的实际使用场景，有利于降低对电池单体的进行其他性能测试的难度和繁琐程度，以提升电池单体的测试效率。
在一些实施例中，在将电池单体放置于测试治具内之前，电池单体的等效测试方法还包括：测试泄压机构在电池单体位于箱体内使用过程中的最大形变量H 2；在将电池单体放置于测试治具内之后，电池单体的等效测试方法还包括：将约束面与泄压机构的间距设置为H 2。
在上述技术方案中，通过在将电池单体放置于测试治具之前先获取泄压机构在实际使用场景中的最大变形量H 2，并选取约束面与泄压机构在第一方向上的间距为H 2作为等效测试的初始值，使得采用这种等效测试方法有利于减少测试次数，有利于快速获取能够等效和模拟出电池单体的泄压机构在电池的箱体中的实际使用场景的测试治具，从而有利于提升电池单体的测试效率。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种测试治具，适用于上述的电池单体的等效测试方法，测试治具包括基座；沿第一方向，基座具有用于支撑电池单体设置有泄压机构的一侧的抵靠侧，抵靠侧上形成有用于避让泄压机构的避让槽，避让槽的槽底壁包括约束面；其中，沿第一方向，抵靠侧与约束面的间距可调。
在上述技术方案中，测试治具设置有基座，基座用于供电池单体抵靠的抵靠侧上形成有避让泄压机构的避让槽，且避让槽的槽底壁形成约束面，以实现电池单体在放置于抵靠侧上时泄压机构与约束面能够沿第一方向间隔且面向设置。此外，通过将约束面和抵靠侧设置为在第一方向上间距可调的结构，从而能够改变约束面与泄压机构之间的距离，以实现泄压机构的薄弱部在约束面和泄压机构不同间距的情况下获取电池单体的爆破试验中泄压机构的薄弱部的塑性损伤值P 2。
在一些实施例中，基座包括第一基部和两个第一支撑部；第一基部沿第一方向与泄压机构相对设置；两个第一支撑部可拆卸地连接于第一基部面向泄压机构的一侧，且两个第一支撑部沿第二方向间隔设置，两个第一支撑部与第一基部共同界定出避让槽，第一支撑部在第一方向上背离第一基部的一侧形成抵靠侧，第一方向垂直于第二方向。
在上述技术方案中，测试治具的基座具有第一基部和设置于第一基部面向电池单体的一侧上的两个第一支撑部，两个第一支撑部沿第二方向间隔排布，以配合对电池单体进行支撑，使得两个第一支撑部与第一基部共同界定出用于避让电池单体的泄压机构的避让槽，从而实现约束面与泄压机构沿第一方向间隔设置，其中，第一支撑部可拆卸地连接在第一基部上，从而通过更换不同厚度的第一支撑部能够调整抵靠侧与约束面在第一方向上的间 距，以实现对约束面和泄压机构在第一方向上的间距调节。
在一些实施例中，基座包括第二基部、锁紧件和两个第二支撑部；两个第二支撑部沿第二方向间隔设置，第二支撑部具有抵靠侧，第二方向垂直于第一方向；第二基部沿第一方向可移动地设置于两个第二支撑部之间，第二基部与两个第二支撑部共同界定出避让槽；锁紧件设置于第二支撑部，锁紧件用于可释放地将第二支撑部与第二基部锁紧。
在上述技术方案中，测试治具的基座具有两个第二支撑部和在第二方向上设置于两个第二支撑部之间的第二基部，且第二支撑部具有用于支撑电池单体的抵靠侧，以使第二基部和两个第二支撑部共同界定出用于避让电池单体的泄压机构的避让槽，其中，通过将第二基部沿第一方向可移动地设置于两个第二支撑部之间，且通过锁紧件能够将第二支撑部与第二基部可释放地锁紧，也就是说，锁紧件对第二支撑部和第二基部进行锁紧时能够阻止第二基部相对第二支撑部移动，锁紧件对第二支撑部和第二基部进行释放时能够允许第二基部相对第二支撑部移动，从而能够调整抵靠侧与约束面在第一方向上的间距，以实现对约束面和泄压机构在第一方向上的间距调节。
在一些实施例中，测试治具还包括两个第一壁部；沿垂直于第一方向的第二方向，两个第一壁部间隔设置于基座的抵靠侧上，两个第一壁部之间形成用于容纳电池单体的容纳间隙。
在上述技术方案中，通过在基座的抵靠侧上设置沿第二方向间隔布置的两个第一壁部，且两个第一壁部之间形成用于容纳电池单体的容纳间隙，从而采用这种结构的测试治具通过两个第一壁部能够对电池单体起到一定的限位作用和导向作用，从而便于将电池单体放置于基座的抵靠侧上。
在一些实施例中，第一壁部可拆卸地连接于基座。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第一壁部与基座之间设置为可拆卸的连接方式，以便于在测试治具的后期使用过程中对第一壁部进行维修和更换，从而有利于降低测试治具的使用成本。
在一些实施例中，测试治具还包括两个第二壁部；沿第三方向，两个第二壁部分别连接于第一壁部的两侧，两个第二壁部用于配合夹持电池单体，第一方向，第二方向和第三方向两两垂直。
在上述技术方案中，测试治具还设置有沿第三方向连接于第一壁部的两侧的两个第二壁部，从而通过两个第二壁部能够电池单体进行夹持，一方面能够实现将电池单体紧固在基座的抵靠侧上，以降低电池单体在进行性能测试的过程中出现晃动的风险，有利于保证电池单体在测试的过程中的稳定性和可靠性，另一方面能够等效和模拟出电池单体在实际使用场景中被其他电池单体挤压的情况，有利于提升对电池单体进行测试的真实度。
在一些实施例中，第二壁部可拆卸地连接于第一壁部。
在上述技术方案中，采用可拆卸地连接方式将第二壁部连接于第一壁部上，采用这种结构的测试治具一方面能够降低第二壁部与第一壁部之间的装配难度，另一方面能够将电池单体放置于基座的抵靠侧上后再通过两个第二壁部对电池单体进行夹持，从而能够降低电池单体放置于基座上的难度。
在一些实施例中，测试治具还包括第三壁部；第三壁部连接于第一壁部，沿第一方向，第三壁部与基座间隔设置，第三壁部用于抵靠于电池单体在第一方向上远离基座的一侧。
在上述技术方案中，测试治具还设置有供电池单体在第一方向上远离基座的一侧进行抵靠的第三壁部，以对电池单体在第一方向上起到一定的约束作用，从而能够减少电池单体在进行性能测试的过程中出现沿第一方向窜动的现象，以保证电池单体的泄压机构和约束面在第一方向上的间距大小恒定，进而有利于提高电池单体的测试精准度。
在一些实施例中，第三壁部可拆卸地连接于第一壁部。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第三壁部可拆卸地连接于第一壁部上，以便于将电池单体放置于两个第一壁部之间形成的容纳间隙内，且能够降低第三壁部与第一壁部之间的装配难度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构爆炸图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的正视图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的等效测试方法的流程示意图；
图5为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的等效测试方法的流程示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具的结构爆炸图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具与电池单体的装配示意图；
图9为图8所示的测试治具的A处的局部放大图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具的基座的结构示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具的基座的结构爆炸图；
图12为本申请再一些实施例提供的测试治具的基座的结构示意图；
图13为本申请另一些实施例提供的测试治具的基座的结构示意图；
图14为本申请又一些实施例提供的测试治具的基座的结构示意图。
图标：100-电池；10-箱体；11-第一箱本体；12-第二箱本体；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-壳体；2111-开口；212-端盖；22-电极组件；23-泄压机构；231-薄弱部；24-正极电极端子；25-负极电极端子；200-测试治具；30-基座；31-抵靠侧；32-避让槽；33-约束面；34-第一基部；341-通孔；342-凹槽；35-第一支撑部；36-第二基部；37-第二支撑部；40-第一壁部；41-容纳间隙；50-第二壁部；60-第三壁部；61-抵靠部；X-第一方向；Y-第二方向；Z-第三方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体或多个电池模块的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和电解液，外壳用于容纳电极组件和电解液。电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体的部分作为正 极极耳，以通过正极极耳实现正极极片的电能输入或输出。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体的部分作为负极极耳，以通过负极极耳实现负极极片的电能输入或输出。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。
隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池具有能量密度高、环境污染小、功率密度大、使用寿命长、适应范围广、自放电系数小等突出的优点，是现今新能源发展的重要组成部分。电池的电池单体是由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜通过卷绕或者叠片等方式组装成电极组件(裸电芯)，之后装入外壳，最后注入电解液后得到的，并在外壳上设置有泄压机构，以在电池单体发生异常状态内部压力超阈值时泄放电池单体的内部压力。
发明人发现，在电池的使用过程中，为了确保电池单体满足使用需求，通常会对电池内的电池单体在各方面的性能进行测试，比如，可靠性测试、循环测试或存储测试等，以满足电池单体的使用需求。但是，在现有技术中，为了电池单体的测试的便利性和可操作性，通常采用对单个的电池单体进行测试，以获得电池单体的各方面性能指标。然而，由于电池单体在使用过程中放置于电池的箱体内，箱体或设置于箱体内的其他部件会影响电池单体的泄压机构的开阀压力，从而会对电池单体在实际使用过程中的各方面性能造成一定程度的影响，以使电池单体的测试结果与电池单体的实际使用情况存在较大的误差，进而导致电池单体各方面性能的测试结果不准确，不利于电池单体的生产和质量控制。
基于上述考虑，为了解决电池单体的测试结果与电池单体的实际使用情况存在较大的误差，以造成测试结果不准确的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体的等效测试方法，电池单体的等效测试方法包括：测试泄压机构的薄弱部在电池单体位于箱体内使用过程中的塑性损伤值P 1；将电池单体放置于测试治具内，测试治具具有在第一方向上与泄压机构间隔且面向设置的约束面；获取泄压机构的薄弱部对应约束面与泄压机构的不同间距下在电池单体的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2；确定P 1≤P 2≤1.5×P 1所对应的约束面与泄压机构的间距H 1；利用约束面与泄压机构的间距为H 1的测试治具对电池单体进行测试。
在这种电池单体的等效测试方法中，通过先获取电池单体的泄压机构的薄弱部在实际使用场景中的塑性损伤值P 1，之后将电池单体放置在测试治具内，并使得测试治具的约束面与泄压机构间隔且面向设置，从而通过设置测试治具的约束面与电池单体的泄压机构在不同间距的情况下获取泄压机构的薄弱部在电池单体的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2，并在P 2大于等于P 1且小于等于1.5倍的P 1时获取对应的约束面与泄压机构在第一方向上的间距，进而对电池单体进行其他性能的测试，以等效和模拟出电池单体的泄压机构在电池的箱体中的实际使用场景，采用这种等效测试方法一方面有利于提高对电池单体进行其他性能测试的准确度，以便于电池单体的生产和质量控制，另一方面通过测试治具即可等效和模拟出电池单体的泄压机构在使用过程中的实际使用场景，有利于降低对电池单体的进行其他性能测试的难度和繁琐程度，以提升电池单体的测试效率。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的结构爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20用于容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供装配空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12，第一箱本体11与第二箱本体12相互盖合，第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的装配空间。第二箱本体12可以为一端开放的空心结构，第一箱本体11可以为板状结构，第一箱本体11盖合于第二箱本体12的开放侧，以使第一箱本体11与第二箱本体12共同限定出装配空间；第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12也可以是均为一侧开放的空心结构，第一箱本体11的开放侧盖合于第二箱本体12的开放侧。当然，第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池100模块形式，多个电池100模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。示例性的，在图1中，电池单体20为长方体结构。
参照图2和图3，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的结构爆炸图，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的正视图。电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件22和泄压机构23，外壳21的内部用于容纳电极组件22，可选地，外壳21还可以用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。外壳21可以是多种结构形式。外壳21的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
泄压机构23设置于外壳21上，泄压机构23用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定值时泄放电 池单体20内部的压力。示例性的，泄压机构23可以是诸如防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等部件。其中，防爆阀可以是组合式防爆阀或一体式防爆阀等。
其中，泄压机构23具有薄弱部231，比如，薄弱部231为泄压机构23设置有刻痕槽等的区域，泄压机构23的薄弱部231相较于泄压机构23的其他区域的强度更低，从而使得薄弱部231能够在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时裂开，以泄放电池单体20的内部压力。
在图2中，外壳21可以包括壳体211和端盖212，壳体211的内部形成有用于容纳电极组件22的容纳空间，且壳体211在第一方向X上的一端形成有开口2111，开口2111与容纳空间连通，即壳体211为一端开放的空心结构，端盖212盖合于壳体211的开口2111并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件22和电解液的密封空间。
示例性的，在图2和图3中，泄压机构23安装于壳体211在第一方向X上远离开口2111的一端上，泄压机构23与端盖212在第一方向X上相对布置，即泄压机构23安装于壳体211在第一方向X上与开口2111相对设置的壳壁上。当然，在其他实施例中，泄压机构23也可以设置于端盖212上。
在一些实施例中，参见图2和图3所示，电池单体20还可以包括正极电极端子24和负极电极端子25，正极电极端子24和负极电极端子25均安装于端盖212上，正极电极端子24和负极电极端子25均用于与电极组件22电连接，以作为电池单体20的正输出极和负输出极。
需要说明的是，电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件22可以包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜。电极组件22可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。在本申请实施例中，容纳于外壳21内的电极组件22可以是一个，也可以是多个。示例性的，在图2中，电极组件22为两个，两个电极组件22层叠布置。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图2和图3，并请进一步参照图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的等效测试方法的流程示意图。本申请提供了一种电池单体20的等效测试方法，包括：
S100：测试泄压机构23的薄弱部231在电池单体20位于箱体10内使用过程中的塑性损伤值P 1；
S200：将电池单体20放置于测试治具内，测试治具具有在第一方向X上与泄压机构23间隔且面向设置的约束面；
S300：获取泄压机构23的薄弱部231对应约束面与泄压机构23的不同间距下在电池单体20的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2；
S400：确定P 1≤P 2≤1.5×P 1所对应的约束面与泄压机构23的间距H 1；
S500：利用约束面与泄压机构23的间距为H 1的测试治具对电池单体20进行测试。
其中，步骤S100指的是当电池单体20在放置于箱体10时，在电池单体20使用过程中测试电池单体20的泄压机构23的薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 1。需要说明的是塑性损伤值是物质在一定条件下，在外力的作用下产生形变，当施加的外力撤除或者消失后该物体不能恢复原状，用于描述材料与结构的性能不可逆劣化的损伤过程的力学行为。
示例性的，薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 1可以是薄弱部231的最大塑性应变、应力或应变能中的一种。当薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 1为薄弱部231的最大塑性应变时，测试方法可以采用应变测量仪等装置对泄压机构23的薄弱部231的最大塑性应变P 1进行测试；当薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 1为薄弱部231的应力时，可以采用应力检测仪进行检测或获取薄弱部231的应力大小。需要说明的是，电池单体20的使用过程可以是循环过程，也可以是存储过程。
步骤S200指的是在将电池单体20放置于测试治具内后，电池单体20的泄压机构23在第一方向X上与测试治具的约束面间隔且面向设置，以使泄压机构23与约束面在第一方向X上形成间隙。
步骤S300指的是在电池单体20放置于测试治具内后，通过调整约束面与泄压机构23在第一方向X上的间距，并在不同间距的情况下对应获取泄压机构23的薄弱部231在电池单体20的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2。
其中，塑性损伤值P 2为与塑性损伤值P 1相同的特征值，也就是说，若薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 1为薄弱部231的最大塑性应变，则薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 2也为薄弱部231的最大塑性应变；若薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 1为薄弱部231的应力，则薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 2也为薄弱部231的应力。塑性损伤值P 2获取方式可以是通过实验方法、仿真模拟方法或经验值等。比如，当采用实验方法时，若薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 2为薄弱部231的最大塑性应变，可以采用应变测量仪等装置对泄压机构23的薄弱部231的最大塑性应变进行测试。需要说明的是，电池单体20的爆破试验指的是通过向电池单体20的内部充气的方式使得电池单体20的泄压机构23开阀并泄放电池单体20的内部压力的试验，电池单体20的爆破试验的具体方式可参见相关技术，在此不再赘述。
步骤S400指的是在约束面和泄压机构23在第一方向X上不同间距情况下多次试验后得到的塑性损伤值P 2在P 1和1.5倍的P 1范围内后停止试验，并确定此时约束面和泄压机构23在第一方向X上的间距H 1。
步骤S500指的是采用约束面和泄压机构23在第一方向X上的间距为H 1的情况下的测试治具对电池单体20的其他性能进行测试，比如，通过测试设备能够对电池单体20进行可靠性测试、循环测试、存储测试或充放电测试等。示例性的，测试设备可以为电池测试仪、电芯热滥用试验箱、电芯短路试验机、电芯低气压试验箱或温度循环试验箱等。
需要说明的是，在步骤S300中当电池单体20放置于测试治具内后，需要在泄压机构23与测试治具的约束面在不同间距情况下对泄压机构23的薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 2进行测试，泄压机构23与测试治具的约束面在第一方向X上的间距调整方式可以是多种，比如，可以通过更换不同型号的测试治具进行试验，即不同型号的测试治具在容纳电池单体20后泄压机构23与约束面在第一方向X上的间距不同，从而通过更换测试治具的型号实现泄压机构23和约束面在第一方向X上的间距调整，当然，也可以在同一个测试治具上进行试验，比如，将测试治具设置为约束面与泄压机构23在第一方向X上的间距可调的结构，测试治具的具体结构可以参见本申请中的后续描述。
在上述等效测试方法中，通过先获取电池单体20的泄压机构23的薄弱部231在实际使用场景中的塑性损伤值P 1，之后将电池单体20放置在测试治具内，并使得测试治具的约束面与泄压机构23间隔且面向设置，从而通过设置测试治具的约束面与电池单体20的泄压机构23在不同间距的情况下获取泄压机构23的薄弱部231在电池单体20的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2，并在P 2大于等于P 1且小于等于1.5倍的P 1时获取对应的约束面与泄压机构23在第一方向X上的间距，进而对电池单体20进行其他性能的测试，以等效和模拟出电池单体20的泄压机构23在电池100的箱体10中的实际使用场景，采用这种等效测试方法一方面有利于提高对电池单体20进行其他性能测试的准确度，以便于电池单体20的生产和质量控制，另一方面通过测试治具即可等效和模拟出电池单体20的泄压机构23在使用过程中的实际使用场景，有利于降低对电池单体20的进行其他性能测试的难度和繁琐程度，以提升电池单体20的测试效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图5，图5为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体20的等效测试方法的流程示意图。在步骤S200：将电池单体20放置于测试治具内之前，电池单体20的等效测试方法还包括：
S:150：测试泄压机构23在电池单体20位于箱体10内使用过程中的最大形变量H 2；
在步骤S200：将电池单体20放置于测试治具内之后，电池单体20的等效测试方法还包括：
S250：将约束面与泄压机构23的间距设置为H 2。
其中，步骤S150指的是当电池单体20在放置于箱体10时，在电池单体20使用过程中测试电池单体20的泄压机构23产生的最大形变量H 2，测试方法可以采用变形测量仪等装置对泄压机构23的最大形变量H 2进行测试。
步骤S250指的是在将电池单体20放置于测试治具内后，选择H 2作为泄压机构23与约束面在第一方向X上的初始间距优先进行试验。
在上述等效测试方法中，通过在将电池单体20放置于测试治具之前先获取泄压机构23在实际使用场景中的最大变形量H 2，并选取约束面与泄压机构23在第一方向X上的间距为H 2作为等效测试的初始值，使得采用这种等效测试方法有利于减少测试次数，有利于快速获取能够等效和模拟出电池单体20的泄压机构23在电池100的箱体10中的实际使用场景的测试治具，从而有利于提升电池单体20的测试效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种测试治具200，适用于上述的电池单体20的等效测试方法，参照图6至图9，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具200的结构示意图，图7为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具200的结构爆炸图，图8为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具200与电池单体20的装配示意图，图9为图8所示的测试治具200的A处的局部放大图。测试治具200包括基座30，沿第一方向X，基座30具有用于支撑电池单体20设置有泄压机构23的一侧的抵靠侧31，抵靠侧31上形成有用于避让泄压机构23的避让槽32，避让槽32的槽底壁包括约束面33。其中，沿第一方向X，抵靠侧31与约束面33的间距可调。
其中，基座30在第一方向X上面向电池单体20的一侧具有抵靠侧31，以使电池单体20设置有泄压机构23的一侧能够抵靠于抵靠侧31上。避让槽32的槽底壁包括约束面33，即避让槽32的槽底壁形成与电池单体20的泄压机构23在第一方向X上间隔且面向设置的约束面33。
沿第一方向X，抵靠侧31与约束面33的间距可调，即基座30的抵靠侧31和基座30的约束面33在第一方向X上的距离可调，从而能够改变约束面33与泄压机构23在第一方向X上的距离，以实现在约束面33和泄压机构23在不同间距的情况下测试泄压机构23的薄弱区在电池单体20的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2。当然，在其他实施例中，也可以将基座30的抵靠侧31和约束面33设置为在第一方向X上间距固定的结构，从而只需更换不同型号的测试治具200对电池单体20进行试验即可，也就是说，只需更换抵靠侧31和约束面33在第一方向X上间距不同的基座30即可实现在约束面33和泄压机构23在不同间距的情况下测试泄压机构23的薄弱区在电池单体20的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2。
测试治具200设置有基座30，基座30用于供电池单体20抵靠的抵靠侧31上形成有避让泄压机构23的避让槽32，且避让槽32的槽底壁形成约束面33，以实现电池单体20在放置于抵靠侧31上时泄压机构23与约束 面33能够沿第一方向X间隔且面向设置。此外，通过将约束面33和抵靠侧31设置为在第一方向X上间距可调的结构，从而能够改变约束面33与泄压机构23之间的距离，以实现泄压机构23的薄弱部231在约束面33和泄压机构23不同间距的情况下获取电池单体20的爆破试验中泄压机构23的薄弱部231的塑性损伤值P 2。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图8和图9，并请进一步参照图10和图11，图10为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具200的基座30的结构示意图，图11为本申请一些实施例提供的测试治具200的基座30的结构爆炸图。基座30包括第一基部34和两个第一支撑部35。第一基部34沿第一方向X与泄压机构23相对设置。两个第一支撑部35可拆卸地连接于第一基部34面向泄压机构23的一侧，且两个第一支撑部35沿第二方向Y间隔设置，两个第一支撑部35与第一基部34共同界定出避让槽32，第一支撑部35在第一方向X上背离第一基部34的一侧形成抵靠侧31，第一方向X垂直于第二方向Y。
其中，第一支撑部35在第一方向X上背离第一基部34的一侧形成抵靠侧31，即沿第一方向X，第一支撑部35设置于第一基板面向电池单体20的一侧，且第一支撑部35面向电池单体20的一侧用于供电池单体20抵靠。
两个第一支撑部35沿第二方向Y间隔设置，两个第一支撑部35与第一基部34共同界定出避让槽32，即基座30的避让槽32由两个支撑部和第一基部34共同界定，也就是说，两个第一支撑部35在第二方向Y上的间隙形成避让槽32。
需要说明的是，第一支撑部35可拆卸地连接于第一基部34上，从而通过更换不同厚度的第一支撑部35即可实现抵靠侧31与避让槽32的槽底壁在第一方向X上的间距可调，以实现约束面33和泄压机构23在第一方向X上的间距可调。示例性的，第一支撑部35可以采用螺栓螺接、卡接等可拆卸的方式连接于第一基部34上。
在其他实施例中，基座30还可以为其他结构，比如，基座30的第一基部34上只设置有一个第一支撑部35。第一支撑部35可拆卸地连接于第一基部34面向泄压机构23的一侧，第一支撑部35上设置有避让孔，沿第一方向X，避让孔贯穿第一支撑部35的两侧，第一支撑部35的避让孔与第一基本34面向泄压机构23的一侧共同界定出避让槽32，即第一基部34在第一方向X上面向泄压机构23的表面为约束面33。
在一些实施例中，参照图12，图12为本申请再一些实施例提供的测试治具200的基座30的结构示意图。基座30的第一基部34上还可以设置通孔341，通孔341贯穿第一基部34在第一方向X上的两侧，且通孔341用于与电池单体20的泄压机构23沿第一方向X相对设置，也就是说，基座30的避让槽32的槽底壁上设置有沿第一方向X延伸的通孔341，即约束面33上设置有沿第一方向X延伸的通孔341，采用这种结构的基座30便于在泄压机构23开阀时通过通孔341泄放电池单体20的内部压力。
当然，在一些实施例中，参照图13，图13为本申请另一些实施例提供的测试治具200的基座30的结构示意图，基座30还可以是其他结构，可以是在第一基部34面向电池单体20的泄压机构23的一侧先设置凹槽342，并在凹槽342的槽底壁上设置沿第一方向X延伸的通孔341，也就是说，基座30的避让槽32的槽底壁上设置有凹槽342，且凹槽342的槽底壁上设置有沿第一方向X延伸的通孔341，即约束面33上设置有凹槽342，且凹槽342的槽底壁上设置有沿第一方向X延伸的通孔341，以通过凹槽342能够便于对泄压机构23的保护贴片等部件进行避让。
测试治具200的基座30具有第一基部34和设置于第一基部34面向电池单体20的一侧上的两个第一支撑部35，两个第一支撑部35沿第二方向Y间隔排布，以配合对电池单体20进行支撑，使得两个第一支撑部35与第一基部34共同界定出用于避让电池单体20的泄压机构23的避让槽32，从而实现约束面33与泄压机构23沿第一方向X间隔设置，其中，第一支撑部35可拆卸地连接在第一基部34上，从而通过更换不同厚度的第一支撑部35能够调整抵靠侧31与约束面33在第一方向X上的间距，以实现对约束面33和泄压机构23在第一方向X上的间距调节。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图14，图14为本申请又一些实施例提供的测试治具200的基座30的结构示意图。基座30包括第二基部36、锁紧件(图中未示出)和两个第二支撑部37。两个第二支撑部37沿第二方向Y间隔设置，第二支撑部37具有抵靠侧31，第二方向Y垂直于第一方向X。第二基部36沿第一方向X可移动地设置于两个第二支撑部37之间，第二基部36与两个第二支撑部37共同界定出避让槽32。锁紧件设置于第二支撑部37，锁紧件用于可释放地将第二支撑部37与第二基部36锁紧。
其中，第二支撑部37具有抵靠侧31，即第二支撑部37用于供电池单体20设置有泄压机构23的一侧抵靠。
第二基部36沿第一方向X可移动地设置于两个第二支撑部37之间，第二基部36与两个第二支撑部37共同界定出避让槽32，即基座30的避让槽32由第二基部36与两个第二支撑部37共同界定，且避让槽32的槽底壁即为第二基部36在第一方向X上面向电池单体20的一侧，也就是说，约束面33为第二基部36在第一方向X上面向电池单体20的一侧的表面。
可选地，第二基部36相对第二支撑部37沿第一方向X可移动的结构可以是多种，比如，沿第二方向Y，第二基部36的两侧均设置有沿第一方向X延伸的滑轨，对应的，第二支撑部37面向第二基部36的一侧设置有 与滑轨滑动配合的滑块或滑槽，以实现第二基部36沿第一方向X可移动地设置于两个支撑部之间，当然，滑块或滑槽也可以设置于第二基部36上，对应的，滑轨设置于第二支撑部37上。
锁紧件用于可释放地将第二支撑部37与第二基部36锁紧，即锁紧件能够将第二支撑部37和第二基部36进行锁紧紧固，以阻止第二基部36相对第二支撑部37移动，且锁紧件能够将第二支撑部37和第二基部36进行释放，以允许第二基部36相对第二支撑部37移动。示例性的，锁紧件可以是螺栓或锁销等。
测试治具200的基座30具有两个第二支撑部37和在第二方向Y上设置于两个第二支撑部37之间的第二基部36，且第二支撑部37具有用于支撑电池单体20的抵靠侧31，以使第二基部36和两个第二支撑部37共同界定出用于避让电池单体20的泄压机构23的避让槽32，其中，通过将第二基部36沿第一方向X可移动地设置于两个第二支撑部37之间，且通过锁紧件能够将第二支撑部37与第二基部36可释放地锁紧，也就是说，锁紧件对第二支撑部37和第二基部36进行锁紧时能够阻止第二基部36相对第二支撑部37移动，锁紧件对第二支撑部37和第二基部36进行释放时能够允许第二基部36相对第二支撑部37移动，从而能够调整抵靠侧31与约束面33在第一方向X上的间距，以实现对约束面33和泄压机构23在第一方向X上的间距调节。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图6、图7和图8所示，测试治具200还包括两个第一壁部40。沿垂直于第一方向X的第二方向Y，两个第一壁部40间隔设置于基座30的抵靠侧31上，两个第一壁部40之间形成用于容纳电池单体20的容纳间隙41。
其中，第二方向Y为电池单体20的长度方向，两个第一壁部40沿第二方向Y分别位于避让槽32的两侧，以便于容纳电池单体20。
示例性的，第一壁部40为板状结构。
通过在基座30的抵靠侧31上设置沿第二方向Y间隔布置的两个第一壁部40，且两个第一壁部40之间形成用于容纳电池单体20的容纳间隙41，从而采用这种结构的测试治具200通过两个第一壁部40能够对电池单体20起到一定的限位作用和导向作用，从而便于将电池单体20放置于基座30的抵靠侧31上。
在一些实施例中，第一壁部40可拆卸地连接于基座30。
示例性的，第一壁部40可以通过螺栓螺接、卡接等方式可拆卸地连接于基座30的抵靠侧31上。
通过将第一壁部40与基座30之间设置为可拆卸的连接方式，以便于在测试治具200的后期使用过程中对第一壁部40进行维修和更换，从而有利于降低测试治具200的使用成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图6和图7所示，测试治具200还包括两个第二壁部50。沿第三方向Z，两个第二壁部50分别连接于第一壁部40的两侧，两个第二壁部50用于配合夹持电池单体20，第一方向X，第二方向Y和第三方向Z两两垂直。
其中，第三方向Z为电池单体20的厚度方向，以使两个第二壁部50能够对电池单体20的厚度方向上的两侧进行夹紧，从而能够模拟多个电池单体20在电池100的箱体10内层叠设置时受到挤压的现象。
示例性的，第二壁部50为板状结构。
测试治具200还设置有沿第三方向Z连接于第一壁部40的两侧的两个第二壁部50，从而通过两个第二壁部50能够电池单体20进行夹持，一方面能够实现将电池单体20紧固在基座30的抵靠侧31上，以降低电池单体20在进行性能测试的过程中出现晃动的风险，有利于保证电池单体20在测试的过程中的稳定性和可靠性，另一方面能够等效和模拟出电池单体20在实际使用场景中被其他电池单体20挤压的情况，有利于提升对电池单体20进行测试的真实度。
在一些实施例中，第二壁部50可拆卸地连接于第一壁部40。
示例性的，第二壁部50可以通过螺栓螺接、卡接等方式可拆卸地连接于第一壁部40上。
采用可拆卸地连接方式将第二壁部50连接于第一壁部40上，采用这种结构的测试治具200一方面能够降低第二壁部50与第一壁部40之间的装配难度，另一方面能够将电池单体20放置于基座30的抵靠侧31上后再通过两个第二壁部50对电池单体20进行夹持，从而能够降低电池单体20放置于基座30上的难度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图6、图7和图8所示，测试治具200还包括第三壁部60。第三壁部60连接于第一壁部40，沿第一方向X，第三壁部60与基座30间隔设置，第三壁部60用于抵靠于电池单体20在第一方向X上远离基座30的一侧。
其中，第一方向X为电池单体20的高度方向，第三壁部60和基座30沿第一方向X间隔设置，以使电池单体20沿第一方向X容纳于第三壁部60和基座30之间。
示例性的，第三壁部60连接于第一壁部40在第一方向X上远离基座30的一端。
第三壁部60用于抵靠于电池单体20在第一方向X上远离基座30的一侧，即在电池单体20放置于测试 治具200内后，第三壁部60抵靠于电池单体20在第一方向X上远离泄压机构23的一侧，也就是说，在本申请实施例中，第三壁部60抵靠于外壳21的端盖212上。
在一些实施例中，参见图8所示，沿第一方向X，第三壁部60面向基座30的一侧凸设有抵靠部61，抵靠部61抵靠于电池单体20的外壳21的端盖212上，且抵靠部61在第二方向Y上位于正极电极端子24和负极电极端子25之间。采用这种结构使得第三壁部60在抵靠于端盖212上的同时能够有效避让正极电极端子24和负极电极端子25，以降低第三壁部60损坏正极电极端子24和负极电极端子25的风险。
测试治具200还设置有供电池单体20在第一方向X上远离基座30的一侧进行抵靠的第三壁部60，以对电池单体20在第一方向X上起到一定的约束作用，从而能够减少电池单体20在进行性能测试的过程中出现沿第一方向X窜动的现象，以保证电池单体20的泄压机构23和约束面33在第一方向X上的间距大小恒定，进而有利于提高电池单体20的测试精准度。
在一些实施例中，第三壁部60可拆卸地连接于第一壁部40。
示例性的，第三壁部60可以通过螺栓螺接、卡接等方式可拆卸地连接于第一壁部40上。
通过将第三壁部60可拆卸地连接于第一壁部40上，以便于将电池单体20放置于两个第一壁部40之间形成的容纳间隙41内，且能够降低第三壁部60与第一壁部40之间的装配难度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图4至图11所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体20的等效测试方法及测试治具200，电池单体20的等效测试方法包括：测试泄压机构23的薄弱部231在电池单体20位于箱体10内使用过程中的塑性损伤值P 1；测试泄压机构23在电池单体20位于箱体10内使用过程中的最大形变量H 2；将电池单体20放置于测试治具200内，测试治具200具有在第一方向X上与泄压机构23间隔且面向设置的约束面33；将约束面33与泄压机构23的间距设置为H 2；测试泄压机构23的薄弱部231对应约束面33与泄压机构23的不同间距下在电池单体20的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2；确定P 1≤P 2≤1.5×P 1所对应的约束面33与泄压机构23的间距H 1；利用约束面33与泄压机构23的间距为H 1的测试治具200对电池单体20进行测试。测试治具200包括基座30、两个第一壁部40、两个第二壁部50和第三壁部60。沿第一方向X，基座30具有用于支撑电池单体20设置有泄压机构23的一侧的抵靠侧31，抵靠侧31上形成有用于避让泄压机构23的避让槽32，避让槽32的槽底壁包括约束面33，且抵靠侧31与约束面33在第一方向X上的间距可调。其中，基座30包括第一基部34和两个第一支撑部35，第一基部34沿第一方向X与泄压机构23相对设置，两个第一支撑部35可拆卸地连接于第一基部34面向泄压机构23的一侧，且两个第一支撑部35沿第二方向Y间隔设置，两个第一支撑部35与第一基部34共同界定出避让槽32，第一支撑部35在第一方向X上背离第一基部34的一侧形成抵靠侧31。两个第一壁部40沿第二方向Y间隔设置于基座30的抵靠侧31上，两个第一壁部40之间形成用于容纳电池单体20的容纳间隙41。两个第二壁部50沿第三方向Z分别连接于第一壁部40的两侧，两个第二壁部50用于配合夹持电池单体20。第三壁部60连接于第一壁部40，沿第一方向X，第三壁部60与基座30间隔设置，第三壁部60用于抵靠于电池单体20在第一方向X上远离基座30的一侧，第一方向X、第二方向Y和第三方向Z两两垂直。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池单体的等效测试方法，所述电池单体在第一方向上的一侧设置有泄压机构，所述电池单体的等效测试方法包括：
    测试所述泄压机构的薄弱部在所述电池单体位于箱体内使用过程中的塑性损伤值P 1；
    将所述电池单体放置于测试治具内，所述测试治具具有在所述第一方向上与所述泄压机构间隔且面向设置的约束面；
    获取所述泄压机构的薄弱部对应所述约束面与所述泄压机构的不同间距下在所述电池单体的爆破试验中的塑性损伤值P 2；
    确定P 1≤P 2≤1.5×P 1所对应的所述约束面与所述泄压机构的间距H 1；
    利用所述约束面与所述泄压机构的间距为H 1的所述测试治具对所述电池单体进行测试。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体的等效测试方法，其中，在所述将所述电池单体放置于测试治具内之前，所述电池单体的等效测试方法还包括：
    测试所述泄压机构在所述电池单体位于所述箱体内使用过程中的最大形变量H 2；
    在所述将所述电池单体放置于测试治具内之后，所述电池单体的等效测试方法还包括：
    将所述约束面与所述泄压机构的间距设置为H 2。
  3. 一种测试治具，适用于权利要求1或2所述的电池单体的等效测试方法，所述测试治具包括：
    基座，沿所述第一方向，所述基座具有用于支撑所述电池单体设置有所述泄压机构的一侧的抵靠侧，所述抵靠侧上形成有用于避让所述泄压机构的避让槽，所述避让槽的槽底壁包括所述约束面；
    其中，沿所述第一方向，所述抵靠侧与所述约束面的间距可调。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的测试治具，其中，所述基座包括：
    第一基部，沿所述第一方向与所述泄压机构相对设置；
    两个第一支撑部，可拆卸地连接于所述第一基部面向所述泄压机构的一侧，且两个所述第一支撑部沿第二方向间隔设置，两个所述第一支撑部与所述第一基部共同界定出所述避让槽，所述第一支撑部在所述第一方向上背离所述第一基部的一侧形成所述抵靠侧，所述第一方向垂直于所述第二方向。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的测试治具，其中，所述基座包括：
    两个第二支撑部，沿第二方向间隔设置，所述第二支撑部具有所述抵靠侧，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向；
    第二基部，沿所述第一方向可移动地设置于两个所述第二支撑部之间，所述第二基部与两个所述第二支撑部共同界定出所述避让槽；
    锁紧件，设置于所述第二支撑部，所述锁紧件用于可释放地将所述第二支撑部与所述第二基部锁紧。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的测试治具，其中，所述测试治具还包括：
    两个第一壁部，沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向，两个所述第一壁部间隔设置于所述基座的所述抵靠侧上，两个所述第一壁部之间形成用于容纳所述电池单体的容纳间隙。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的测试治具，其中，所述第一壁部可拆卸地连接于所述基座。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的测试治具，其中，所述测试治具还包括：
    两个第二壁部，沿第三方向，两个所述第二壁部分别连接于所述第一壁部的两侧，两个所述第二壁部用于配合夹持所述电池单体，所述第一方向，所述第二方向和所述第三方向两两垂直。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的测试治具，其中，所述第二壁部可拆卸地连接于所述第一壁部。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一项所述的测试治具，其中，所述测试治具还包括：
    第三壁部，连接于所述第一壁部，沿所述第一方向，所述第三壁部与所述基座间隔设置，所述第三壁部用于抵靠于所述电池单体在所述第一方向上远离所述基座的一侧。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的测试治具，其中，所述第三壁部可拆卸地连接于所述第一壁部。
PCT/CN2022/115245 2022-08-26 2022-08-26 电池单体的等效测试方法及测试治具 Ceased WO2024040596A1 (zh)

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