WO2024037370A1 - 功率变换设备及其保护方法 - Google Patents

功率变换设备及其保护方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024037370A1
WO2024037370A1 PCT/CN2023/111471 CN2023111471W WO2024037370A1 WO 2024037370 A1 WO2024037370 A1 WO 2024037370A1 CN 2023111471 W CN2023111471 W CN 2023111471W WO 2024037370 A1 WO2024037370 A1 WO 2024037370A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminals
temperature
terminal
sampling circuit
group
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PCT/CN2023/111471
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于婷
占金祥
林天散
张芳坡
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2024037370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024037370A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of power supply technology, and in particular, to a power conversion device and a protection method thereof.
  • Photovoltaic inverters usually use photovoltaic terminals as their input terminals.
  • the photovoltaic terminal transmits the current of the photovoltaic cell to the inside of the inverter through a reliable electrical connection, thereby realizing current inversion, allowing the electric energy to enter the end user or be integrated into the power grid.
  • photovoltaic terminals are usually damaged when their temperature is too high, thereby damaging the inverter. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure the reliable operation of photovoltaic terminals.
  • This application provides a power conversion device and its protection method, which can obtain the temperature of the terminal to be measured in time, and then implement over-temperature protection of the terminal in time when the temperature of the terminal to be measured is too high, so as to ensure that the power conversion equipment reliable operation of the terminals.
  • this application provides a power conversion device.
  • the power conversion device includes a terminal board, an electric energy conversion circuit and a controller.
  • the terminal board is provided with a first terminal and a first temperature sampling circuit, wherein: the first terminal passes
  • the protection switch is connected to the DC power supply or power conversion circuit.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameter of the first terminal.
  • the controller obtains the temperature parameter of the first terminal, and when the temperature parameter of the first terminal is greater than the temperature parameter threshold, indicating that the temperature of the first terminal is too high, it controls the protection switch to open, and promptly disconnects the location of the first terminal.
  • the power supply circuit is used to protect the first terminal and the power conversion equipment.
  • the temperature parameter of the first terminal is directly sampled through the first temperature sampling circuit located next to the first terminal, delay in sampling can be effectively avoided, ensuring that the power conversion device can obtain the temperature of the temperature terminal to be measured in time, and then When the temperature of the terminal to be measured is too high, over-temperature protection can be implemented in time to ensure reliable operation of the terminal.
  • the sampling method of directly obtaining the temperature parameter of the first terminal through the first temperature sampling circuit located next to the first terminal can also reduce the error of the collected temperature parameter, thereby improving the power conversion equipment's ability to protect its input terminal. control accuracy.
  • the controller also obtains the terminal current of the first terminal, and detects when the temperature parameter of the first terminal is greater than the temperature parameter threshold, and the terminal current of the first terminal is greater than the current threshold. In this case, the control protection switch is disconnected. Furthermore, by adding terminal current judgment conditions, the accuracy of the protection switch being triggered is ensured and misoperation is avoided, thereby further improving the control accuracy of the power conversion equipment when protecting its input terminals.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit includes a first thermistor, and the first thermistor is used to detect the temperature of the first terminal. temperature parameters.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit further includes a voltage follower, wherein one end of the first thermistor is connected to the first reference power supply, and the first The other end of the thermistor is connected to the first input end of the voltage follower, and the second input end of the voltage follower is connected to the output end of the voltage follower.
  • the temperature parameter is the output voltage of the voltage follower.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit further includes a first voltage dividing resistor, wherein one end of the first thermistor is connected to the first reference power supply, The other end of the first thermistor is connected to the reference ground through the first voltage dividing resistor.
  • the temperature parameter is the voltage of the first voltage dividing resistor.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit further includes an inverting amplifier, wherein one end of the first thermistor is connected to the first reference power supply, and the first The other end of the thermistor is connected to the inverting input terminal of the inverting amplifier, and the non-inverting input terminal of the inverting amplifier is connected to the reference ground.
  • the temperature parameter is the output voltage of the inverting amplifier.
  • the The distance between a temperature sampling circuit and the first terminal is less than a preset value.
  • a plurality of terminals are provided on the terminal board, the plurality of terminals include a first terminal, and the plurality of terminals are connected to the DC power supply or electric energy through a plurality of protection switches corresponding to the plurality of terminals.
  • multiple terminals correspond to multiple protection switches.
  • the distance between the first temperature sampling circuit and the plurality of terminals is less than a preset value, and is used for collecting the first temperature parameter.
  • the controller obtains the first temperature parameter, and when the first temperature parameter is greater than the temperature parameter threshold, indicating that there is a terminal with an excessive temperature among the multiple terminals, it controls multiple protection switches to be disconnected to timely disconnect the above multiple protection switches.
  • the power supply circuit in which each input terminal is located can realize the protection of the above-mentioned multiple input terminals, thereby realizing the protection of the power conversion equipment. It can be understood that when the power conversion device finds that there is an input terminal with an excessive temperature among the multiple input terminals, it directly disconnects all the protection switches corresponding to the multiple input terminals, thereby improving the safety of the power conversion device. In addition, multiple terminals share the same first temperature sampling circuit, which can effectively reduce the cost and volume of the first temperature sampling circuit provided on the terminal board, thereby reducing the cost and volume of the power conversion device.
  • a plurality of terminals are provided on the terminal board, the plurality of terminals include a first terminal, and the plurality of terminals are connected to a DC power supply or a power conversion circuit through a protective switch.
  • the distance between the first temperature sampling circuit and the plurality of terminals is less than a preset value, and is used for collecting the first temperature parameter.
  • the controller obtains the first temperature parameter.
  • the protection switch is controlled to be turned off. It can be understood that multiple terminals share the same temperature sampling circuit and the same protection switch, which can effectively reduce the cost and volume of the power conversion equipment.
  • a plurality of terminals and a plurality of temperature sampling circuits are provided on the terminal board.
  • the plurality of terminals include a first group of terminals and a second group of terminals.
  • the first group of terminals includes a third group of terminals.
  • the plurality of terminals are connected to the DC power supply or the power conversion circuit through the plurality of protective switches corresponding to the plurality of terminals, and the plurality of terminals correspond to the plurality of protective switches one by one.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of the first group of terminals
  • the second temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of the second group of terminals.
  • the controller obtains the temperature parameters of the first group of terminals and the temperature parameters of the second group of terminals, and when there is a first group of terminals whose temperature parameters are greater than the temperature parameter threshold in the first group of terminals and the second group of terminals, the controller indicates the first group of terminals. If there is a terminal with too high temperature in the group of terminals, the protection switch corresponding to the first group of terminals is controlled to open.
  • a plurality of terminals and a plurality of temperature sampling circuits are provided on the terminal board.
  • the plurality of terminals include a first group of terminals and a second group of terminals.
  • the first group of terminals includes a third group of terminals.
  • One terminal, a plurality of temperature sampling circuits including a first temperature sampling circuit and a second temperature sampling circuit. Multiple terminals are connected to the DC power supply or power conversion circuit through the protective switch.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of the first group of terminals
  • the second temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of the second group of terminals.
  • the controller obtains the temperature parameters of the first group of terminals and the temperature parameters of the second group of terminals, and controls the protection switch when there is a first group of terminals whose temperature parameters are greater than the temperature parameter threshold in the first group of terminals and the second group of terminals. disconnect. It is understandable that multiple terminals share the same protection switch, which can effectively reduce the cost and volume of the power conversion device or the power supply system in which the power conversion device is located.
  • the plurality of terminals include a first terminal and a second terminal
  • the first The temperature sampling circuit includes a voltage follower, a first thermistor and a second thermistor.
  • one end of the first thermistor is connected to the first reference power supply
  • one end of the second thermistor is connected to the second reference power supply
  • the other end of the first thermistor and the other end of the second thermistor are both connected to the voltage follower.
  • the first input terminal of the voltage follower is connected to the output terminal of the voltage follower.
  • the first thermistor is used to detect the temperature parameter of the first terminal
  • the second thermistor is used to detect the temperature parameter of the second terminal.
  • the temperature parameter is the output voltage of the voltage follower.
  • the first terminal and the second terminal in the first temperature sampling circuit can share a voltage follower, thereby reducing the volume and cost of the first temperature sampling circuit, thereby reducing the volume and cost of the power conversion device.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit further includes a first diode, a first voltage dividing resistor, a second diode and a third Two voltage-dividing resistors, wherein the other end of the first thermistor is connected to the first input end of the voltage follower and the reference ground through the first diode and the first voltage-dividing resistor respectively, and the other end of the second thermistor is respectively The first input terminal of the voltage follower and the reference ground are connected through the second diode and the second voltage dividing resistor.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit has various structures, so that the power conversion device has various structures and has high flexibility.
  • the protection switch includes a power tube, a relay or a contactor.
  • the power conversion device includes an inverter or a DC/DC converter.
  • DC power sources include photovoltaic panels, energy storage batteries or fuel cells. It can be understood that the power conversion equipment provided by this application is suitable for photovoltaic power supply scenarios, energy storage power supply scenarios and fuel cell power supply scenarios, and has strong applicability.
  • this application provides a protection method for power conversion equipment.
  • the power conversion equipment includes a terminal board and a power conversion circuit.
  • the terminal board is provided with a first terminal and a first temperature sampling circuit.
  • the first terminal passes through a protection switch.
  • the method includes: the power conversion device obtains the temperature parameter of the first terminal through the first temperature sampling circuit, and controls the protection switch to open when the temperature parameter of the first terminal is greater than the temperature parameter threshold.
  • the power conversion device also obtains the terminal current of the first terminal, and when the temperature parameter of the first terminal is greater than the temperature parameter threshold, and the terminal current of the first terminal is greater than the current threshold In this case, the control protection switch is turned off.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit includes a first thermistor, and the first thermistor is used to detect the temperature of the first terminal. temperature parameters.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit further includes a voltage follower, wherein one end of the first thermistor is connected to the first reference power supply, and the first The other end of the thermistor is connected to the first input end of the voltage follower, and the second input end of the voltage follower is connected to the output end of the voltage follower.
  • the temperature parameter is the output voltage of the voltage follower.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit further includes a first voltage dividing resistor, wherein one end of the first thermistor is connected to the first reference power supply, The other end of the first thermistor is connected to the reference ground through the first voltage dividing resistor.
  • the temperature parameter is the voltage of the first voltage dividing resistor.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit further includes an inverting amplifier, wherein one end of the first thermistor is connected to the first reference power supply, and the first The other end of the thermistor is connected to the inverting input terminal of the inverting amplifier, and the non-inverting input terminal of the inverting amplifier is connected to the reference ground.
  • the temperature parameter is the output voltage of the inverting amplifier.
  • the distance between the first temperature sampling circuit and the first terminal is less than a preset value.
  • a plurality of terminals are provided on the terminal board, the plurality of terminals include a first terminal, and the plurality of terminals are connected to the DC power supply or electric energy through a plurality of protection switches corresponding to the plurality of terminals.
  • multiple terminals correspond to multiple protection switches.
  • the distance between the first temperature sampling circuit and the plurality of terminals is less than a preset value, and is used for collecting the first temperature parameter.
  • the power conversion device obtains the first temperature parameter, and controls multiple protection switches to open when the first temperature parameter is greater than the temperature parameter threshold.
  • the terminal board is provided with multiple terminals, including the first terminal, and the multiple terminals are connected to the DC power supply or the power conversion circuit through the protection switch.
  • the distance between the first temperature sampling circuit and the plurality of terminals is less than a preset value, which is used for the first temperature parameter.
  • the power conversion device obtains the first temperature parameter.
  • the protection switch is controlled to be turned off.
  • a plurality of terminals and a plurality of temperature sampling circuits are provided on the terminal board.
  • the plurality of terminals include a first group of terminals and a second group of terminals.
  • the first group of terminals includes a third group of terminals.
  • the plurality of terminals are connected to the DC power supply or the power conversion circuit through the plurality of protective switches corresponding to the plurality of terminals, and the plurality of terminals correspond to the plurality of protective switches one by one.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of the first group of terminals
  • the second temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of the second group of terminals.
  • the power conversion device obtains the temperature parameters of the first group of terminals and the temperature parameters of the second group of terminals, and controls the first group of terminals whose temperature parameters are greater than the temperature parameter threshold in the first group of terminals and the second group of terminals.
  • the protection switch corresponding to a group of terminals is disconnected.
  • a plurality of terminals and a plurality of temperature sampling circuits are provided on the terminal board.
  • the plurality of terminals include a first group of terminals and a second group of terminals.
  • the first group of terminals includes a third group of terminals.
  • One terminal, a plurality of temperature sampling circuits including a first temperature sampling circuit and a second temperature sampling circuit. Multiple terminals are connected to the DC power supply or power conversion circuit through the protective switch.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of the first group of terminals
  • the second temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of the second group of terminals.
  • the power conversion device obtains the temperature parameters of the first group of terminals and the temperature parameters of the second group of terminals, and controls protection when there is a first group of terminals with a temperature parameter greater than a temperature parameter threshold in the first group of terminals and the second group of terminals.
  • the switch is open.
  • the plurality of terminals include a first terminal and a second terminal
  • the first The temperature sampling circuit includes a voltage follower, a first thermistor and a second thermistor.
  • one end of the first thermistor is connected to the first reference power supply
  • one end of the second thermistor is connected to the second reference power supply
  • the other end of the first thermistor and the other end of the second thermistor are both connected to the voltage follower.
  • the first input terminal, the voltage The second input terminal of the follower is connected to the output terminal of the voltage follower.
  • the first thermistor is used to detect the temperature parameter of the first terminal
  • the second thermistor is used to detect the temperature parameter of the second terminal.
  • the temperature parameter is the output voltage of the voltage follower.
  • the first temperature sampling circuit further includes a first diode, a first voltage dividing resistor, a second diode and a third Two voltage-dividing resistors, wherein the other end of the first thermistor is connected to the first input end of the voltage follower and the reference ground through the first diode and the first voltage-dividing resistor respectively, and the other end of the second thermistor is respectively The first input terminal of the voltage follower and the reference ground are connected through the second diode and the second voltage dividing resistor.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the power conversion equipment provided by this application.
  • Figure 2a is a schematic structural diagram of the power conversion equipment provided by this application.
  • FIG. 2b is another structural schematic diagram of the power conversion device provided by this application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the position distribution of the temperature sampling circuit and the temperature terminals to be measured provided by this application;
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic structural diagram of the temperature sampling circuit provided by this application.
  • FIG. 4b is another structural schematic diagram of the temperature sampling circuit provided by this application.
  • FIG. 4c is another structural schematic diagram of the temperature sampling circuit provided by this application.
  • FIG. 5a is another structural schematic diagram of the power conversion device provided by this application.
  • Figure 5b is another structural schematic diagram of the power conversion device provided by this application.
  • Figure 6 is a physical schematic diagram of the terminal board provided by this application.
  • FIG. 7a is another structural schematic diagram of the temperature sampling circuit provided by this application.
  • FIG. 7b is another structural schematic diagram of the temperature sampling circuit provided by this application.
  • FIG 8a is another structural schematic diagram of the power conversion device provided by this application.
  • Figure 8b is another structural schematic diagram of the power conversion device provided by this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of the protection method for power conversion equipment provided by this application.
  • the power conversion equipment provided by this application may be an inverter, a DC/DC converter, or other electrical equipment including an input end.
  • the power conversion equipment provided by this application can be applied to different application scenarios, such as photovoltaic power supply scenarios, energy storage power supply scenarios, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) power supply scenarios, etc.
  • the following takes the photovoltaic power supply scenario as an example.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the power conversion device provided by this application.
  • the power conversion equipment provided by this application can be the inverter shown in Figure 1
  • the terminal board and power conversion circuit provided by this application can be the terminal board A and DC/DC circuit shown in Figure 1 respectively.
  • the protection switch provided by this application can be the contactor shown in Figure 1.
  • the inverter includes a terminal board A, which is provided with input terminals a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , and a 4 of the inverter, and a temperature sampling circuit a 5 .
  • the input terminal a 1 and input terminal a 2 of the inverter are respectively connected to both ends of the photovoltaic panel PV1 through contactors, and the input terminal a 3 and input terminal a 4 are respectively connected to both ends of the photovoltaic panel PV2 through contactors.
  • the output The terminal is connected to the AC power grid or household equipment.
  • the inverter also includes a DC/DC circuit and an inverter circuit. The input end of the DC/DC circuit is connected to the four input terminals of the above-mentioned inverter. The output end of the DC/DC circuit is connected to the inverter through the inverter circuit. output terminal.
  • the DC/DC circuit in the inverter converts the DC power input from the photovoltaic panel PV1 and the photovoltaic panel PV2 and outputs it to the inverter circuit.
  • the inverter circuit converts the DC input from the input terminal.
  • the final DC power is inverted into AC power and output through the output terminal, thereby supplying power to various types of electrical equipment such as AC power grids or AC loads (such as household equipment).
  • the inverter collects the temperature parameter of at least one of the four input terminals of the above-mentioned inverter through the temperature sampling circuit a 5 , and calculates the temperature of the at least one input terminal based on the temperature of the inverter.
  • the inverter controls the contactor to open and promptly cuts off the power supply circuit where the four input terminals are located. , that is, the power supply circuit of photovoltaic panels PV1 and PV2, thereby achieving over-temperature protection for the above four input terminals, and thereby protecting the inverter.
  • the temperature sampling circuit a 5 Since the temperature sampling circuit a 5 is located next to the above-mentioned input terminal, it can directly sample and conduct the temperature parameters of the input terminal in real time, so it can effectively avoid the delay in sampling and ensure that the inverter can obtain the temperature of its input terminal in time, and then When the temperature of the input terminal is too high, the over-temperature protection of the input terminal can be implemented in time to ensure the reliable operation of the input terminal.
  • the above is only an example of the application scenarios of the power conversion equipment provided in this application, and is not exhaustive. This application does not limit the application scenarios.
  • the power conversion device 1 includes a terminal board 11, a power conversion circuit 12 and a controller 13.
  • the terminal board 11 is provided with a first terminal (ie, the input terminal in 1 ) and a first temperature sampling circuit (ie, the temperature sampling circuit 151 ).
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 is used to collect the temperature parameter of the input terminal in 1 .
  • the input terminal in 1 of the power conversion device 1 is connected to the DC power supply 101 through the protective switch 141, and the two output terminals out 11 and out 12 of the power conversion device 1 are connected to the load.
  • the input terminal of the electric energy conversion circuit 12 is connected to the input terminal in 1 of the power conversion device 1, and the two output terminals are respectively connected to the two output terminals out 11 and out 12 of the power conversion device 1.
  • the power conversion circuit 12 includes a DC/DC circuit or an inverter circuit. It should be noted that when the power conversion circuit 12 is a DC/DC circuit, the power conversion device 1 is a DC/DC converter; when the power conversion circuit 12 is a DC/DC circuit and the power conversion device 1 also includes an inverter circuit (located between the output end of the power conversion circuit 12 and the output end of the power conversion device 1), the power conversion device 1 is an inverter; when the power conversion circuit 12 is an inverter circuit, the power conversion device 1 for the inverter.
  • the DC power supply 101 includes a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage battery or a fuel cell, and the protection switch 14 includes a power tube, a relay or a contactor.
  • the power transistor may be a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), or a gallium nitride (Gallium Nitride, GaN) transistor. wait.
  • the protection switch 141 can also be located inside the power conversion device 1.
  • a protection switch 141 is provided between the input terminal in 1 and the input end of the power conversion circuit 12.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 starts to collect the temperature parameters of the input terminal in 1 in real time.
  • the controller 13 obtains the temperature parameter of the input terminal in 1 through the temperature sampling circuit 151, and when the temperature parameter of the input terminal in 1 is greater than the temperature parameter threshold, it indicates that the temperature of the input terminal in 1 is too high, and controls the protection switch 141 to turn off Open, to promptly disconnect the power supply circuit where the input terminal in 1 is located, thereby realizing the protection of the input terminal in 1 , and thereby realizing the protection of the power conversion device 1.
  • the temperature parameter of the input terminal in 1 is directly sampled through the temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the input terminal in 1 , delay in sampling can be effectively avoided and the power conversion device 1 can be ensured in a timely manner.
  • the temperature of the input terminal in 1 is obtained, and then the over-temperature protection of the input terminal in 1 can be implemented in time when the temperature of the input terminal in 1 is too high, so as to ensure the reliable operation of the input terminal in 1 .
  • the sampling method of directly collecting the temperature parameters of the input terminal in 1 through the temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the input terminal in 1 can also reduce the error of the collected temperature parameters, thereby improving the performance of the power conversion device 1 on its input terminal. Control accuracy during protection.
  • the distance between the temperature sampling circuit 151 and the input terminal in 1 is less than the preset value R.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 is located in the circular area with the preset value R as the radius shown in Figure 3. .
  • the preset value R only needs to ensure that the first temperature sampling circuit 151 can collect the correct temperature parameter of the input terminal in 1 , and this application does not limit its specific value.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature sampling circuit provided by this application.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 includes a first thermistor NTC1 and a voltage follower U1, wherein one end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected to the first reference power supply VCC, and the other end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected
  • the positive input terminal of voltage follower U1 and the negative input terminal of voltage follower U1 are connected to the output terminal of voltage follower U1.
  • the first reference power supply VCC is a 5V DC power supply.
  • the controller 13 obtains the output voltage V U1 of the voltage follower U1 through the temperature sampling circuit 151, and when the output voltage V U1 of the voltage follower U1 is greater than the temperature parameter threshold (ie, the first voltage threshold), indicates the input terminal in 1 If the temperature is too high, the protective switch 141 is controlled to be turned off, and the power supply circuit where the input terminal in 1 is located is promptly disconnected, thereby protecting the input terminal in 1 and further protecting the power conversion device 1 .
  • the temperature parameter threshold ie, the first voltage threshold
  • the controller 13 also collects the terminal current of the input terminal in 1 through the current sampling circuit, and when the output voltage V U1 of the voltage follower U1 is greater than the first voltage threshold and the terminal current of the input terminal in 1 is greater than the current threshold. , indicating that the temperature of the input terminal in 1 is too high, the protective switch 141 is controlled to be turned off. It can be understood that by increasing the terminal current judgment conditions, the accuracy of triggering the protection switch 141 is ensured and misoperation is avoided, thereby further improving the control accuracy of the power conversion device 1 when protecting its input terminal.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 in Figure 4a can also include a single-pole eight-throw switch, which is used to control the temperature. Whether the sampling circuit 151 can obtain the temperature parameter of the corresponding input terminal of the temperature sampling circuit 151.
  • the other end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected to the positive input end of the voltage follower U1 through a single pole eight throw switch. It can be understood that by adding a single-pole eight-throw switch, it is ensured that the temperature sampling circuit 151 only works when the power conversion device 1 needs to obtain the temperature parameter of the input terminal, thereby reducing the power consumption of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 includes a first thermistor NTC1 and a first voltage dividing resistor R1, wherein one end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected to the first reference power supply VCC, and the other end of the first thermistor NTC1 One end is connected to the reference ground through the first voltage dividing resistor R1.
  • the first reference power supply VCC is a 5V DC power supply.
  • the resistance of the first thermistor NTC1 in the temperature sampling circuit 151 changes as the temperature of the input terminal in 1 changes. Specifically, the resistance of the first thermistor NTC1 decreases as the temperature of the input terminal in 1 increases.
  • the temperature parameter of the input terminal in 1 that is, the voltage V R1 of the first voltage dividing resistor R1 changes accordingly.
  • the controller 13 obtains the voltage VR1 of the first voltage dividing resistor R1 through the temperature sampling circuit 151, and when the voltage V R1 of the first voltage dividing resistor R1 is greater than the temperature parameter threshold (ie, the second voltage threshold), the controller 13 indicates that the input terminal If the temperature of in 1 is too high, the protection switch 141 is controlled to be turned off, and the power supply circuit where the input terminal in 1 is located is disconnected in time, thereby protecting the input terminal in 1 and further protecting the power conversion device 1 .
  • the temperature parameter threshold ie, the second voltage threshold
  • the controller 13 also collects the terminal current of the input terminal in 1 through the current sampling circuit, and when the voltage V R1 of the first voltage dividing resistor R1 is greater than the second voltage threshold and the terminal current of the input terminal in 1 is greater than the current threshold. In this case, it means that the temperature of the input terminal in 1 is too high, and the protective switch 141 is controlled to be turned off. It can be understood that by increasing the terminal current judgment conditions, the accuracy of triggering the protection switch 141 is ensured and misoperation is avoided, thereby further improving the control accuracy of the power conversion device 1 when protecting its input terminal.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 in FIG. 4b may also include a single-pole eight-throw switch.
  • the single-pole eight-throw switch is used to control whether the temperature sampling circuit 151 can obtain the temperature parameter of the corresponding input terminal of the temperature sampling circuit 151.
  • the single-pole eight-throw switch can be disposed between the first thermistor NTC1 and the first voltage dividing resistor R1. It can be understood that by adding a single-pole eight-throw switch, it is ensured that the temperature sampling circuit 151 only works when the power conversion device 1 needs to obtain the temperature parameter of the input terminal, thereby reducing the power consumption of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 includes a first thermistor NTC1 and an inverting amplifier A1, wherein one end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected to the first reference power supply VCC, and the other end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected
  • the inverting input terminal of the inverting amplifier A1 and the non-inverting input terminal of the inverting amplifier A1 are connected to the reference ground.
  • the first reference power supply VCC is a 5V DC power supply.
  • the first thermistor NTC1 in the temperature sampling circuit 151 converts the temperature of the input terminal in 1 into the voltage value V NTC1 , and inputs the voltage value VCC-V NTC1 into the inverting amplifier.
  • the controller 13 obtains the output voltage V A1 of the inverting amplifier A1 through the temperature sampling circuit 151 , and when the output voltage V A1 of the inverting amplifier A1 is greater than the temperature parameter threshold (ie, the third voltage threshold), the controller 13 indicates the input terminal in 1 If the temperature is too high, the protective switch 141 is controlled to be turned off, and the power supply circuit where the input terminal in 1 is located is promptly disconnected, thereby protecting the input terminal in 1 and further protecting the power conversion device 1 .
  • the temperature parameter threshold ie, the third voltage threshold
  • the controller 13 also collects the terminal current of the input terminal in 1 through the current sampling circuit, and when the output voltage V A1 of the inverting amplifier A1 is greater than the third voltage threshold and the terminal current of the input terminal in 1 is greater than the current threshold. , indicating that the temperature of the input terminal in 1 is too high, the protective switch 141 is controlled to be turned off. It can be understood that by increasing the terminal current judgment conditions, the accuracy of triggering the protection switch 141 is ensured and misoperation is avoided, thereby further improving the control accuracy of the power conversion device 1 when protecting its input terminal.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 in FIG. 4c may also include a single-pole eight-throw switch.
  • the single-pole eight-throw switch is used to control whether the temperature sampling circuit 151 can obtain the temperature parameters of the corresponding input terminal of the temperature sampling circuit 151.
  • the other end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the inverting amplifier A1 through a single pole eight throw switch. It can be understood that by adding a single-pole eight-throw switch, it is ensured that the temperature sampling circuit 151 only works when the power conversion device 1 needs to obtain the temperature parameter of the input terminal, thereby reducing the power consumption of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the first thermistor NTC1 in the temperature sampling circuit 151 is the only thermal element (that is, an element that converts temperature into an electrical signal). In other words, the measurement can be completed only through the first thermistor NTC1. Temperature sampling of input terminal in 1 .
  • different components may also be connected to the first thermistor NTC1.
  • the first thermistor NTC1 When the connected components are different, the temperature parameter of the input terminal in 1 can change with the change of the connected component of the first thermistor NTC1. Therefore, the temperature sampling circuit 151 has various structures.
  • the over-temperature determination of the input terminal in 1 Diverse conditions and high flexibility.
  • This application does not limit the components connected to the first thermistor NTC1.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 in this application directly conducts the input terminal temperature through the thermistor. Since the temperature measurement range of the thermistor reaches -40 degrees to 150 degrees, the temperature sampling circuit 151 has a wide measurement range and strong applicability. .
  • the temperature parameter of the input terminal in 1 is directly sampled through the temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the input terminal in 1 , delay in sampling can be effectively avoided, ensuring that the power conversion device 1 can obtain the input terminal in in time. 1 temperature, and then when the temperature of the input terminal in 1 is too high, the over-temperature protection of the input terminal in 1 can be realized in time to ensure the reliable operation of the input terminal in 1 .
  • the sampling method of directly collecting the temperature parameters of the input terminal in 1 through the temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the input terminal in 1 can also reduce the error of the collected temperature parameters, thereby improving the performance of the power conversion device 1 on its input terminal. Control accuracy during protection.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 has a simple structure, is easy to control, and has strong operability, and can also improve the stability of the power conversion device 1 . Furthermore, the temperature sampling circuit 151 has various structures and is highly flexible, and can also increase the structural diversity of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the power conversion device 1 includes a terminal board 11 , a power conversion circuit 12 and a controller 13 .
  • the terminal board 11 is provided with n terminals (ie, input terminals in 1 , ..., input terminals in n ) and a first temperature sampling circuit (ie, temperature sampling circuit 151 ), where n is an integer greater than 1.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 is used to collect the temperature parameter of at least one terminal among the n input terminals.
  • the input terminal in 1 of the power conversion device 1 is connected to the DC power supply 101 through its corresponding protection switch 141, ..., and the input terminal in n is connected to the DC power supply 10n through its corresponding protection switch 14n.
  • the two output terminals out 11 and out 12 of the power conversion device 1 are connected to loads.
  • the input terminal of the electric energy conversion circuit 12 is connected to the input terminal in 1 of the power conversion device 1, and the two output terminals are respectively connected to the two output terminals out 11 and out 12 of the power conversion device 1.
  • the protection switches 141,..., and the protection switch 14n can also be located inside the power conversion device 1.
  • the input terminal in 1 is connected to the input end of the power conversion circuit 12 through its corresponding protection switch 141, ..., and the input terminal in n is connected to the input end of the power conversion circuit 12 through its corresponding protection switch 14n.
  • the physical picture of the terminal board 11 is the terminal board 11 in Figure 6
  • the physical picture of the input terminal is the welded PV terminal a 1 or a 2 in Figure 6 .
  • the controller 13 obtains a temperature parameter, that is, the first temperature parameter through the temperature sampling circuit 151 .
  • the first temperature parameter can be understood as the temperature parameter of each input terminal among the n input terminals, that is, the temperature parameter of the n terminals.
  • the protection switches 141,..., and the protection switch 14n are all turned off, and the n inputs are turned off in a timely manner.
  • the power supply circuit where the terminal is located thereby realizing the protection of n input terminals, and thereby realizing the protection of the power conversion device 1. It can be understood that when the power conversion device 1 finds that there is an input terminal with an excessive temperature among the multiple input terminals, it directly disconnects all the protection switches corresponding to the multiple input terminals, thereby improving the safety of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the controller 13 also collects the terminal current of each of the n input terminals through the current sampling circuit to obtain n terminal currents, and when the first temperature parameter is greater than the temperature parameter threshold and there is a terminal current in the n input terminals If the current threshold is greater than the first input terminal, it means that there is a terminal with an over-temperature among the n input terminals and the input terminal with an over-temperature is the first input terminal, and the protection switch corresponding to the first input terminal is controlled to be turned off. It is understandable that by adding terminal current judgment conditions, the specific input terminal with excessive temperature can be accurately determined. In addition, by only disconnecting the over-temperature input terminals, it is ensured that the power conversion device 1 can still supply power to the load normally when there are some over-temperature input terminals, thereby improving the stability of the power conversion device 1 .
  • FIG. 7a is another structural schematic diagram of a temperature sampling circuit provided by this application.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 includes a first thermistor NTC1, a second thermistor NTC2 and a voltage follower U1.
  • One end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected to the first reference power supply VCC1
  • the second thermistor NTC1 is connected to the first reference power supply VCC1.
  • One end of the sensitive resistor NTC2 is connected to the second reference power supply VCC2, the other end of the first thermistor NTC1 and the other end of the second thermistor NTC2 are both connected to the positive input end of the voltage follower U1, and the negative input end of the voltage follower U1 Connect the output of voltage follower U1.
  • the first thermistor NTC1 is used to detect the temperature of the input terminal in 1
  • the second thermistor NTC2 is used to detect the temperature of the input terminal in 2 .
  • the first reference power supply VCC1 and the second reference power supply VCC2 are both 5V DC power supplies.
  • the first thermistor NTC1 in the temperature sampling circuit 151 converts the temperature of the input terminal in 1 into the voltage value V NTC1 , and inputs the voltage value VCC-V NTC1 into the voltage follower U1;
  • the second thermistor NTC2 converts the temperature of the input terminal in 2 into a voltage value V NTC2 , and inputs the voltage value VCC-V NTC2 into the voltage follower U1.
  • the voltage follower U1 obtains the first temperature parameter by outputting the voltage value input to its positive input terminal (ie, VCC-V NTC1 or VCC-V NTC2 ).
  • the controller 13 obtains the output voltage V U1 of the voltage follower U1 through the temperature sampling circuit 151, and when the output voltage V U1 of the voltage follower U1 is greater than the temperature parameter threshold (ie, the first voltage threshold), indicates the input terminal in 1 If there is an input terminal with an excessive temperature in the input terminal in 2 , the protection switch 141 corresponding to the input terminal in 1 and the protection switch 142 corresponding to the input terminal in 2 are controlled to be disconnected, and the input terminal in 1 and the input terminal are disconnected in a timely manner.
  • the power supply circuit where the terminal in 2 is located thereby realizing the protection of the input terminal in 1 and the input terminal in 2 , and thereby realizing the protection of the power conversion device 1.
  • the controller 13 also collects the terminal currents of the input terminal in 1 and the input terminal in 2 through the current sampling circuit to obtain the two terminal currents. And when the output voltage V U1 of the voltage follower U1 is greater than the first voltage threshold and there is a terminal current greater than the current threshold in the two terminal currents, it means that there is an input with an excessive temperature in the input terminal in 1 and the input terminal in 2 terminal, the protection switch 141 and the protection switch 142 are controlled to be disconnected. It can be understood that by increasing the terminal current judgment conditions, the accuracy of triggering of the protection switch 141 and the protection switch 142 is ensured and misoperation is avoided, thereby further improving the control accuracy of the power conversion device 1 when protecting its input terminal.
  • FIG. 7b is another structural schematic diagram of the temperature sampling circuit provided by this application.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 includes a first thermistor NTC1, a second thermistor NTC2, a first voltage dividing resistor R1, a second voltage dividing resistor R2, a first diode D1, a second diode tube D2 and voltage follower U1.
  • One end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected to the first reference power supply VCC1, one end of the second thermistor NTC2 is connected to the second reference power supply VCC2, and the other end of the first thermistor NTC1 is connected to one end of the first voltage dividing resistor R1 and the first voltage dividing resistor R1.
  • the anode of a diode D1 and the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor R1 are connected to the reference ground, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive input end of the voltage follower U1.
  • the other end of the second thermistor NTC2 is connected to one end of the second voltage dividing resistor R2 and the anode of the second diode D2.
  • the other end of the second voltage dividing resistor R2 is connected to the reference ground, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected.
  • the positive input terminal of voltage follower U1 and the negative input terminal of voltage follower U1 are connected to the output terminal of voltage follower U1.
  • the first thermistor NTC1 is used to detect the temperature of the input terminal in 1
  • the second thermistor NTC2 is used to detect the temperature of the input terminal in 2 .
  • the first reference power supply VCC1 and the second reference power supply VCC2 are both 5V DC power supplies.
  • the first thermistor NTC1 in the temperature sampling circuit 151 converts the temperature of the input terminal in 1 into the voltage value V NTC1 , and inputs the voltage value VCC-V NTC1 into the first and second thermistors.
  • the anode of the diode D1; the second thermistor NTC2 converts the temperature of the input terminal in 2 into the voltage value V NTC2 , and inputs the voltage value VCC-V NTC2 into the anode of the second diode D2.
  • the positive voltage of the voltage follower U1 receives VCC-V NTC1 or VCC-V NTC2 , and obtains the first temperature parameter by outputting the voltage value input to the positive input terminal (ie, VCC-V NTC1 or VCC-V NTC2 ).
  • the controller 13 obtains the output voltage V U1 of the voltage follower U1 through the temperature sampling circuit 151, and when the output voltage V U1 of the voltage follower U1 is greater than the temperature parameter threshold (ie, the first voltage threshold), indicates the input terminal in 1 If there is an input terminal with an excessive temperature in the input terminal in 2 , the protection switch 141 corresponding to the input terminal in 1 and the protection switch 142 corresponding to the input terminal in 2 are controlled to be disconnected, and the input terminal in 1 and the input terminal are disconnected in a timely manner.
  • the power supply circuit where the terminal in 2 is located thereby realizing the protection of the input terminal in 1 and the input terminal in 2 , and thereby realizing the protection of the power conversion device 1.
  • the controller 13 also collects the terminal currents of the input terminal in 1 and the input terminal in 2 through the current sampling circuit to obtain the two terminal currents. And when the output voltage V U1 of the voltage follower U1 is greater than the first voltage threshold and there is a terminal current greater than the current threshold in the two terminal currents, it means that there is an input with an excessive temperature in the input terminal in 1 and the input terminal in 2 terminal, the protection switch 141 and the protection switch 142 are controlled to be disconnected. It can be understood that by increasing the terminal current judgment conditions, the accuracy of triggering of the protection switch 141 and the protection switch 142 is ensured and misoperation is avoided, thereby further improving the control accuracy of the power conversion device 1 when protecting its input terminal.
  • the temperature parameters of multiple input terminals are directly sampled through a temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the multiple input terminals, delay in sampling can be effectively avoided, ensuring that the power conversion device 1 can obtain multiple temperature parameters in a timely manner. Therefore, when the temperature of the input terminal to be measured is too high, over-temperature protection of the input terminal can be implemented in time to ensure reliable operation of the input terminal.
  • the sampling method of directly collecting the temperature parameters of multiple input terminals through a temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the multiple input terminals can also reduce the error of the collected temperature parameters, thereby improving the power conversion equipment 1 Control accuracy when protecting its input terminals.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 has a simple structure, is easy to control, and has strong operability, and can also improve the stability of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 has various structures and is highly flexible, and can also increase the structural diversity of the power conversion device 1 .
  • multiple input terminals in the temperature sampling circuit 151 shown in Figures 7a and 7b can share a voltage follower U1, thereby reducing the volume and cost of the temperature sampling circuit 151, thereby reducing the volume and cost of the power conversion device 1. .
  • n input terminals when n input terminals are provided on the terminal board 11, m temperature sampling circuits corresponding to the n input terminals (i.e., temperature sampling circuit 151, temperature sampling circuit) are also provided on the terminal board 11. 152,..., temperature sampling circuit 15m), where 2 ⁇ m ⁇ n.
  • the n input terminals include m groups of input terminals, that is, the first group of input terminals, the second group of input terminals,..., the m-th group of input terminals.
  • the number of terminals included in each group of m input terminals is greater than or equal to 1, and the number of terminals included in each group of input terminals may be the same or different.
  • Each temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of its corresponding group of input terminals.
  • the temperature sampling circuit collects the temperature parameters of its corresponding group of input terminals.
  • the temperature parameter is a value, which can be understood as the temperature parameter of each input terminal in the corresponding group of input terminals of the temperature sampling circuit.
  • the distance between each temperature sampling circuit and its corresponding group of input terminals is less than the preset value R.
  • the above-mentioned m temperature sampling circuits collect the temperature parameters of their corresponding groups of terminals to obtain m temperature parameters.
  • the controller 13 obtains m temperature parameters through the above m temperature sampling circuits, and determines based on the m temperature parameters that there is a target group input terminal in the m group of input terminals whose temperature parameter is greater than the temperature parameter threshold, indicating that there is a target group input terminal in the target group input terminal. If there is an input terminal with an excessively high temperature, the controller 13 controls all protection switches corresponding to the input terminals of the target group to open.
  • the controller 13 controls the protection switch corresponding to the first group of input terminals and The protection switches corresponding to the input terminals of the second group are all open.
  • the 4 terminals include the first group of input terminals. , the second group of input terminals, the third group of input terminals and the fourth group of input terminals, and the number of terminals included in each of the above four groups of input terminals is 1.
  • the controller 13 obtains 4 temperature parameters through the above 4 temperature sampling circuits, and when there is an input terminal with a temperature parameter greater than the temperature parameter threshold among the 4 input terminals, the controller 13 controls the input terminal with a temperature parameter greater than the temperature parameter threshold. The corresponding protection switch is disconnected.
  • the power conversion device 1 when the power conversion device 1 discovers that there is a group of input terminals with an excessive temperature among its n input terminals, it directly disconnects all the protection switches corresponding to the group of input terminals with an excessive temperature, thereby improving the efficiency of the power conversion equipment. 1 security.
  • the controller 13 also obtains the terminal current of each input terminal among the n terminals through the current sampling circuit to obtain n terminal currents. And when there is a target group input terminal whose temperature parameter is greater than the temperature parameter threshold in the m group of input terminals and there is a first input terminal whose terminal current is greater than the current threshold among the target group input terminals, it means that the temperature in the first group of input terminals is too high.
  • the terminal is the first input terminal, then the controller 13 controls the protection switch corresponding to the first input terminal to open. It is understandable that by adding terminal current judgment conditions, the specific input terminal with excessive temperature can be accurately determined.
  • the temperature sampling circuit corresponding to each terminal can be the temperature sampling circuit shown in Figure 4a to Figure 4c Any of the circuits 151.
  • the temperature parameter here can be any one of the output voltage of the voltage follower U1, the voltage of the first voltage dividing resistor R1, and the output voltage of the inverting amplifier A1.
  • the temperature sampling circuit corresponding to the multiple terminals may be any of the temperature sampling circuits 151 shown in FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b.
  • the temperature parameter here can be the output voltage of the voltage follower U1.
  • the temperature parameter of the temperature input terminal to be measured is directly sampled through the temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the temperature input terminal to be measured, delay in sampling can be effectively avoided, ensuring that the power conversion device 1
  • the temperature of the input terminal to be measured can be obtained in time, and over-temperature protection of the input terminal can be implemented in time when the temperature of the input terminal to be measured is too high, so as to ensure reliable operation of the input terminal of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the sampling method of directly collecting the temperature parameters of the temperature input terminal to be measured through the temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the temperature input terminal to be measured can also reduce the error of the collected temperature parameters, thereby improving the input power of the power conversion device 1 The control accuracy when the terminal is protected.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 has a simple structure, is easy to control, and has strong operability, and can also improve the stability of the power conversion device 1 . Furthermore, the temperature sampling circuit 151 has various structures and is highly flexible, and can also increase the structural diversity of the power conversion device 1 .
  • Figure 8a is another structural schematic diagram of the power conversion device provided by this application.
  • the power conversion device 1 includes a terminal board 11 , a power conversion circuit 12 and a controller 13 .
  • the terminal board 11 is provided with n terminals (ie, input terminals in 1 , ..., input terminals in n ) and a temperature sampling circuit 151 , where n is an integer greater than 1.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 is used to collect the temperature parameter of at least one terminal among the n input terminals.
  • the n input terminals of the power conversion device 1 (that is, the input terminals in 1 , ..., the input terminals in n ) are connected to n DC power supplies (that is, the DC power supplies 101 , ..., the DC power supply 10n) through the protection switch 141 .
  • the two output terminals out 11 and out 12 of the power conversion device 1 are connected to loads.
  • the input terminal of the power conversion circuit 12 is connected to n input terminals of the power conversion device 1, and the two output terminals are connected to the two output terminals out 11 and out 12 of the power conversion device 1 respectively.
  • the protection switch 141 can also be located inside the power conversion device 1.
  • the power conversion device 1 shown in Figure 8b please refer to the power conversion device 1 shown in Figure 8b. As shown in FIG. 8 b , the input terminals in 1 , ..., and the input terminal in n are all connected to the input end of the power conversion circuit 12 through the protection switch 141 .
  • the controller 13 obtains a temperature parameter, that is, the first temperature parameter through the temperature sampling circuit 151 .
  • the first temperature parameter can be understood as the temperature parameter of each input terminal among the n input terminals.
  • the protection switch 141 is controlled to be turned off to promptly disconnect the power supply circuit where the n input terminals are located, thereby Realize the protection of n input terminals, and then realize the protection of the power conversion device 1. It can be understood that when the power conversion device 1 finds that there is an input terminal with an excessive temperature among the multiple input terminals, it directly disconnects the power supply circuit where the multiple input terminals are located, thereby improving the safety of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the controller 13 also collects the terminal current of each of the n input terminals through the current sampling circuit to obtain n terminal currents, and when the first temperature parameter is greater than the temperature parameter threshold and there is a terminal current in the n input terminals If the current threshold is greater than the first input terminal, it means that there is a terminal with an excessive temperature among the n input terminals and the input terminal with an excessive temperature is the first input terminal, and the protection switch 141 is controlled to be turned off. It can be understood that by increasing the terminal current judgment conditions, the accuracy of triggering the protection switch 141 is ensured and misoperation is avoided, thereby further improving the control accuracy of the power conversion device 1 when protecting its input terminal.
  • the specific structure of the temperature sampling circuit 151 can be referred to the temperature sampling circuit 151 shown in FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b , which will not be described again here.
  • n input terminals when n input terminals are provided on the terminal board 11, m temperature sampling circuits corresponding to the n input terminals (i.e., temperature sampling circuit 151, temperature sampling circuit) are also provided on the terminal board 11. 152,..., temperature sampling circuit 15m), where 2 ⁇ m ⁇ n.
  • the n input terminals include m groups of input terminals, that is, the first group of input terminals, the second group of input terminals,..., the m-th group of input terminals.
  • the number of terminals included in each group of m input terminals is greater than or equal to 1, and the number of terminals included in each group of input terminals may be the same or different.
  • Each temperature sampling circuit is used to collect the temperature parameters of its corresponding group of input terminals.
  • the temperature sampling circuit collects the temperature parameters of its corresponding group of input terminals.
  • the temperature parameter is a value, which can be understood as the temperature parameter of each input terminal in the corresponding group of input terminals of the temperature sampling circuit.
  • the distance between each temperature sampling circuit and its corresponding group of input terminals is less than the preset value R.
  • the above-mentioned m temperature sampling circuits collect the temperature parameters of their respective corresponding groups of input terminals to obtain m temperature parameters.
  • the controller 13 obtains m temperature parameters through the above m temperature sampling circuits, and determines based on the m temperature parameters that when there is a target group input terminal with a temperature parameter greater than the temperature parameter threshold in the m group of input terminals, the target group input terminal is If there is an input terminal with an excessive temperature, the protection switch 141 is controlled to be turned off. It can be understood that when the power conversion device 1 finds that one of its input terminals has an input terminal with an excessive temperature, it directly disconnects the power supply circuit where the multiple input terminals are located, thereby improving the safety of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the controller 13 also obtains the terminal current of each input terminal among the n terminals through the current sampling circuit to obtain n terminal currents. And when there is a target group input terminal whose temperature parameter is greater than the temperature parameter threshold in the m group of input terminals and there is an input terminal whose terminal current is greater than the current threshold in the target group input terminal, it means that the temperature of the target group input terminal is too high, and the protection is controlled. Switch 141 is open. It can be understood that by increasing the terminal current judgment conditions, the accuracy of triggering the protection switch 141 is ensured and misoperation is avoided, thereby further improving the control accuracy of the power conversion device 1 when protecting its input terminal.
  • the temperature sampling circuit corresponding to each terminal can be the temperature sampling circuit shown in Figure 4a to Figure 4c Any of the circuits 151.
  • the temperature parameter here can be any one of the output voltage of the voltage follower U1, the voltage of the first voltage dividing resistor R1, and the output voltage of the inverting amplifier A1.
  • the temperature sampling circuit corresponding to multiple terminals The circuit may be any of the temperature sampling circuits 151 shown in Figures 7a and 7b.
  • the temperature parameter here can be the output voltage of the voltage follower U1.
  • the temperature parameters of the temperature input terminal to be measured are directly sampled through the temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the temperature input terminal to be measured, sampling delays can be effectively avoided and the power conversion equipment is guaranteed to be 1 can obtain the temperature of the input terminal to be measured in time, and then implement over-temperature protection for the input terminal in time when the temperature of the input terminal to be measured is too high, so as to ensure the reliable operation of the input terminal of the power conversion device 1.
  • the sampling method of directly collecting the temperature parameters of the temperature input terminal to be measured through the temperature sampling circuit 151 located next to the temperature input terminal to be measured can also reduce the error of the collected temperature parameters, thereby improving the input power of the power conversion device 1 The control accuracy when the terminal is protected.
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 has a simple structure, is easy to control, and has strong operability, and can also improve the stability of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the temperature sampling circuit 151 has various structures and is highly flexible, and can also increase the structural diversity of the power conversion device 1 .
  • the power supply circuits of multiple input terminals share the same protection switch, which can effectively reduce the cost of the power conversion device 1 or the power supply system in which the power conversion device 1 is located.
  • the positional relationship between the temperature sampling circuit and the temperature terminal to be measured in addition to the distribution method in which the distance between the temperature sampling circuit and the temperature terminal to be measured is less than the preset distance R, can also be as long as Just ensure that the distance between the thermal element (such as thermistor NTC) in the temperature sampling circuit and the temperature terminal to be measured is less than the preset distance R.
  • This method allows other components in the temperature sampling circuit except the thermal element to be in the The publishing method on terminal board 11 is more flexible.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic flow chart of the protection method for power conversion equipment provided by this application.
  • the protection method for power conversion equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application is applicable to the power conversion equipment 1 shown in Figures 2a to 8b. Protection methods for power conversion equipment may include steps:
  • the first temperature sampling circuit begins to collect the temperature parameter of the first terminal.
  • the power conversion device obtains the temperature parameter of the first terminal through the first temperature sampling circuit.
  • the terminal board of the power conversion device when the terminal board of the power conversion device is provided with n terminals (including the first terminal) and the n terminals correspond to a first temperature sampling circuit, after the power conversion device is operated, the A temperature sampling circuit starts to collect the first temperature parameter, that is, the temperature parameter of each input terminal among the n input terminals. The power conversion device obtains the first temperature parameter through the first temperature sampling circuit.
  • n is an integer greater than 1.
  • the terminal board of the power conversion device is provided with n terminals (including the first terminal) and m temperature sampling circuits (including the first temperature sampling circuit) corresponding to the n terminals.
  • the above-mentioned m temperature sampling circuits collect the temperature parameters of their corresponding groups of terminals to obtain m temperature parameters.
  • the power conversion device obtains m temperature parameters through the above m temperature sampling circuits.
  • n is an integer greater than 1, 2 ⁇ m ⁇ n.
  • the number of terminals included in each group of m input terminals is greater than or equal to 1, and the number of terminals included in each group of input terminals may be the same or different.
  • the power conversion device controls the protection switch connected to the first terminal to open.
  • the power conversion device controls the protection switch connected to the first terminal to open.
  • the power conversion device when the first temperature parameter is greater than the temperature parameter threshold, controls the same protection switch corresponding to multiple terminals to open, or controls multiple protection switches corresponding to the multiple terminals one-to-one.
  • the protection switches are all open.
  • the power conversion device controls the protection switch corresponding to the first terminal to turn off .
  • the power conversion device controls the protection switch corresponding to the first group of terminals to turn off.
  • the power conversion device controls The protection switch corresponding to the first terminal is disconnected.
  • the temperature parameters of the temperature input terminal to be measured are directly sampled through the temperature sampling circuit located next to the temperature input terminal to be measured, sampling delays can be effectively avoided and the power conversion equipment can be ensured in a timely manner.
  • the over-temperature protection of the input terminal can be implemented in time when the temperature of the input terminal to be measured is too high, so as to ensure the reliable operation of the input terminal of the power conversion device.
  • the sampling method of directly collecting the temperature parameters of the temperature input terminal to be measured through the temperature sampling circuit located next to the temperature input terminal to be measured can also reduce the error of the collected temperature parameters, thereby improving the efficiency of the power conversion equipment on its input terminal. Control accuracy during protection and strong applicability.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种功率变换设备及其保护方法，该功率变换设备包括端子板、电能变换电路和控制器，端子板上设置有第一端子和第一温度采样电路，其中：第一端子通过保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路。第一温度采样电路用于采集第一端子的温度参数。控制器获取第一端子的温度参数，并在第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开。采用本申请，可及时获取待测温端子的温度，进而可在待测温端子温度过高时及时实现对该端子的过温保护，以保证功率变换设备的端子的可靠运行。

Description

功率变换设备及其保护方法
本申请要求于2022年08月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210976648.7、申请名称为“功率变换设备及其保护方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电源技术领域，尤其涉及一种功率变换设备及其保护方法。
背景技术
光伏逆变器通常采用光伏端子作为其输入端。光伏端子通过可靠的电连接，将光伏电池的电流传输至逆变器内部，进而实现电流逆变，使电能进入终端用户或并入电网。光伏端子作为光伏逆变器的重要组成部件，当其温度过高时通常会损坏，进而损坏逆变器。因此保证光伏端子的可靠运行尤为重要。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种功率变换设备及其保护方法，可及时获取待测温端子的温度，进而可在待测温端子温度过高时及时实现对该端子的过温保护，以保证功率变换设备的端子的可靠运行。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种功率变换设备，该功率变换设备包括端子板、电能变换电路和控制器，端子板上设置有第一端子和第一温度采样电路，其中：第一端子通过保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路。第一温度采样电路用于采集第一端子的温度参数。控制器获取第一端子的温度参数，并在第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，说明第一端子的温度过高，则控制保护开关断开，以及时断开第一端子所在的供电回路，从而实现对第一端子的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备的保护。由于第一端子的温度参数是通过位于第一端子旁的第一温度采样电路直接采样得到的，因此可以有效避免采样存在延迟的情况，保证功率变换设备可及时获取待测温端子的温度，进而可在待测温端子温度过高时及时实现对该端子的过温保护，以保证端子的可靠运行。此外，通过位于第一端子旁的第一温度采样电路直接获取第一端子的温度参数的采样方式，还可减小采集到的温度参数的误差，从而提高功率变换设备对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实施方式中，控制器还获取第一端子的端子电流，并在第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值，且第一端子的端子电流大于电流阈值的情况下，控制保护开关断开。进而，通过增加端子电流判断条件的方式，保证保护开关被触发的准确性，避免误操作，从而进一步提高功率变换设备对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
结合第一方面或者第一方面第一种可能的实施方式，在第二种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路包括第一热敏电阻，第一热敏电阻用于检测第一端子的温度参数。
结合第一方面第二种可能的实施方式，在第三种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路还包括电压跟随器，其中，第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，第一热敏电阻的另一端连接电压跟随器的第一输入端，电压跟随器的第二输入端连接电压跟随器的输出端。温度参数为电压跟随器的输出电压。本实施方式中第一温度采样电路简单，便于控制，可操作性强。此外，由于第一温度采样电路简单，因此还可提高功率变换设备的稳定性。
结合第一方面第二种可能的实施方式，在第四种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路还包括第一分压电阻，其中，第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，第一热敏电阻的另一端通过第一分压电阻连接参考地。温度参数为第一分压电阻的电压。本实施方式中第一温度采样电路简单，便于控制，可操作性强。此外，由于第一温度采样电路简单，因此还可提高功率变换设备的稳定性。
结合第一方面第二种可能的实施方式，在第五种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路还包括反相放大器，其中，第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，第一热敏电阻的另一端连接反相放大器的反相输入端，反相放大器的正相输入端连接参考地。温度参数为反相放大器的输出电压。第一温度采样电路的结构多样，相应的，端子的过温判断条件多样，灵活性高。
结合第一方面至第一方面第五种可能的实施方式中的任一种，在第六种可能的实施方式中，第 一温度采样电路与第一端子之间的距离小于预设值。
结合第一方面，在第七种可能的实施方式中，端子板上设置有多个端子，多个端子包括第一端子，多个端子通过多个端子对应的多个保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路，多个端子与多个保护开关一一对应。第一温度采样电路与多个端子的距离均小于预设值，用于采集第一温度参数。控制器获取第一温度参数，并在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，说明多个端子中存在温度过高的端子，则控制多个保护开关均断开，以及时断开上述多个输入端子的所在的供电回路，从而实现对上述多个输入端子的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备的保护。可以理解的，功率变换设备在发现多个输入端子中存在温度过高的输入端子时，直接将多个输入端子对应的多个保护开关全部断开，从而提高功率变换设备的安全性。此外，多个端子共用同一个第一温度采样电路，可有效降低端子板上设置的第一温度采样电路的成本和体积，从而降低功率变换设备的成本和体积。
结合第一方面，在第八种可能的实施方式中，端子板上设置有多个端子，多个端子包括第一端子，多个端子均通过保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路。第一温度采样电路与多个端子的距离均小于预设值，用于采集第一温度参数。控制器获取第一温度参数。并在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制保护开关断开。可以理解的，多个端子共用同一个温度采样电路和同一个保护开关，可有效降低功率变换设备的成本和体积。
结合第一方面，在第九种可能的实施方式中，端子板上设置有多个端子和多个温度采样电路，多个端子包括第一组端子和第二组端子，第一组端子包括第一端子，多个温度采样电路包括第一温度采样电路和第二温度采样电路。多个端子通过多个端子对应的多个保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路，多个端子与多个保护开关一一对应。第一温度采样电路用于采集第一组端子的温度参数，第二温度采样电路用于采集第二组端子的温度参数。控制器获取第一组端子的温度参数和第二组端子的温度参数，并在第一组端子和第二组端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的第一组端子的情况下，说明第一组端子中存在温度过高的端子，则控制第一组端子对应的保护开关断开。可以理解的，功率变换设备在发现其多个输入端子中存在温度过高的一组输入端子时，直接将温度过高的一组输入端子对应的保护开关全部断开，从而提高功率变换设备的安全性。
结合第一方面，在第十种可能的实施方式中，端子板上设置有多个端子和多个温度采样电路，多个端子包括第一组端子和第二组端子，第一组端子包括第一端子，多个温度采样电路包括第一温度采样电路和第二温度采样电路。多个端子通过保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路。第一温度采样电路用于采集第一组端子的温度参数，第二温度采样电路用于采集第二组端子的温度参数。控制器获取第一组端子的温度参数和第二组端子的温度参数，并在第一组端子和第二组端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的第一组端子的情况下，控制保护开关断开。可以理解的，多个端子共用同一个保护开关，可有效降低功率变换设备或者功率变换设备所在供电系统的成本和体积。
结合第一方面第七种可能的实施方式至第十种可能的实施方式中的任一种，在第十一种可能的实施方式中，多个端子包括第一端子和第二端子，第一温度采样电路包括电压跟随器、第一热敏电阻和第二热敏电阻。其中，第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，第二热敏电阻的一端连接第二参考电源，第一热敏电阻的另一端和第二热敏电阻的另一端均连接电压跟随器的第一输入端，电压跟随器的第二输入端连接电压跟随器的输出端。第一热敏电阻用于检测第一端子的温度参数，第二热敏电阻用于检测第二端子的温度参数。温度参数为电压跟随器的输出电压。第一温度采样电路中第一端子和第二端子可共用一个电压跟随器，从而可降低第一温度采样电路的体积和成本，进而降低功率变换设备的体积和成本。
结合第一方面第十一种可能的实施方式，在第十二种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路还包括第一二极管、第一分压电阻、第二二极管和第二分压电阻，其中，第一热敏电阻的另一端分别通过第一二极管和第一分压电阻连接电压跟随器的第一输入端和参考地，第二热敏电阻的另一端分别通过第二二极管和第二分压电阻连接电压跟随器的第一输入端和参考地。第一温度采样电路的结构多样，从而使得功率变换设备的结构多样，灵活性高。
结合第一方面至第一方面第十二种可能的实施方式中的任一种，在第十三种可能的实施方式中，保护开关包括功率管、继电器或者接触器。
结合第一方面至第一方面第十三种可能的实施方式中的任一种，在第十四种可能的实施方式中，功率变换设备包括逆变器或者DC/DC变换器。
结合第一方面至第一方面第十四种可能的实施方式中的任一种，在第十五种可能的实施方式中， 直流电源包括光伏电池板、储能电池或者燃料电池。可以理解的，本申请提供的功率变换设备适用于光伏供电场景、储能供电场景和燃料电池供电场景，适用性强。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种功率变换设备的保护方法，该功率变换设备包括端子板和电能变换电路，端子板上设置有第一端子和第一温度采样电路，第一端子通过保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路。该方法包括：功率变换设备通过第一温度采样电路获取第一端子的温度参数，并在第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制保护开关断开。
结合第二方面，在第一种可能的实施方式中，功率变换设备还获取第一端子的端子电流，并在第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值，且第一端子的端子电流大于电流阈值的情况下，控制保护开关断开。
结合第二方面或者第二方面第一种可能的实施方式，在第二种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路包括第一热敏电阻，第一热敏电阻用于检测第一端子的温度参数。
结合第二方面第二种可能的实施方式，在第三种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路还包括电压跟随器，其中，第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，第一热敏电阻的另一端连接电压跟随器的第一输入端，电压跟随器的第二输入端连接电压跟随器的输出端。温度参数为电压跟随器的输出电压。
结合第二方面第二种可能的实施方式，在第四种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路还包括第一分压电阻，其中，第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，第一热敏电阻的另一端通过第一分压电阻连接参考地。温度参数为第一分压电阻的电压。
结合第二方面第二种可能的实施方式，在第五种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路还包括反相放大器，其中，第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，第一热敏电阻的另一端连接反相放大器的反相输入端，反相放大器的正相输入端连接参考地。温度参数为反相放大器的输出电压。
结合第二方面至第二方面第五种可能的实施方式中的任一种，在第六种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路与第一端子之间的距离小于预设值。
结合第二方面，在第七种可能的实施方式中，端子板上设置有多个端子，多个端子包括第一端子，多个端子通过多个端子对应的多个保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路，多个端子与多个保护开关一一对应。第一温度采样电路与多个端子的距离均小于预设值，用于采集第一温度参数。功率变换设备获取第一温度参数，并在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制多个保护开关均断开。
结合第二方面，在第八种可能的实施方式中，端子板上设置有多个端子，多个端子包括第一端子，多个端子均通过保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路。第一温度采样电路与多个端子的距离均小于预设值，用于第一温度参数。功率变换设备获取第一温度参数。并在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制保护开关断开。
结合第二方面，在第九种可能的实施方式中，端子板上设置有多个端子和多个温度采样电路，多个端子包括第一组端子和第二组端子，第一组端子包括第一端子，多个温度采样电路包括第一温度采样电路和第二温度采样电路。多个端子通过多个端子对应的多个保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路，多个端子与多个保护开关一一对应。第一温度采样电路用于采集第一组端子的温度参数，第二温度采样电路用于采集第二组端子的温度参数。功率变换设备获取第一组端子的温度参数和第二组端子的温度参数，并在第一组端子和第二组端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的第一组端子的情况下，控制第一组端子对应的保护开关断开。
结合第二方面，在第十种可能的实施方式中，端子板上设置有多个端子和多个温度采样电路，多个端子包括第一组端子和第二组端子，第一组端子包括第一端子，多个温度采样电路包括第一温度采样电路和第二温度采样电路。多个端子通过保护开关连接直流电源或者电能变换电路。第一温度采样电路用于采集第一组端子的温度参数，第二温度采样电路用于采集第二组端子的温度参数。功率变换设备获取第一组端子的温度参数和第二组端子的温度参数，并在第一组端子和第二组端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的第一组端子的情况下，控制保护开关断开。
结合第二方面第七种可能的实施方式至第十种可能的实施方式中的任一种，在第十一种可能的实施方式中，多个端子包括第一端子和第二端子，第一温度采样电路包括电压跟随器、第一热敏电阻和第二热敏电阻。其中，第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，第二热敏电阻的一端连接第二参考电源，第一热敏电阻的另一端和第二热敏电阻的另一端均连接电压跟随器的第一输入端，电压 跟随器的第二输入端连接电压跟随器的输出端。第一热敏电阻用于检测第一端子的温度参数，第二热敏电阻用于检测第二端子的温度参数。温度参数为电压跟随器的输出电压。
结合第二方面第十一种可能的实施方式，在第十二种可能的实施方式中，第一温度采样电路还包括第一二极管、第一分压电阻、第二二极管和第二分压电阻，其中，第一热敏电阻的另一端分别通过第一二极管和第一分压电阻连接电压跟随器的第一输入端和参考地，第二热敏电阻的另一端分别通过第二二极管和第二分压电阻连接电压跟随器的第一输入端和参考地。
应理解的是，本申请上述多个方面的实现和有益效果可互相参考。
附图说明
图1是本申请提供的功率变换设备的应用场景示意图；
图2a是本申请提供的功率变换设备的一结构示意图；
图2b是本申请提供的功率变换设备的另一结构示意图；
图3是本申请提供的温度采样电路与待测温端子的位置分布示意图；
图4a是本申请提供的温度采样电路的一结构示意图；
图4b是本申请提供的温度采样电路的另一结构示意图；
图4c是本申请提供的温度采样电路的另一结构示意图；
图5a是本申请提供的功率变换设备的另一结构示意图；
图5b是本申请提供的功率变换设备的另一结构示意图
图6是本申请提供的端子板的实物示意图；
图7a是本申请提供的温度采样电路的另一结构示意图；
图7b是本申请提供的温度采样电路的又一结构示意图；
图8a是本申请提供的功率变换设备的另一结构示意图；
图8b是本申请提供的功率变换设备的又一结构示意图；
图9是本申请提供的功率变换设备的保护方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请提供的功率变换设备可以是逆变器、DC/DC变换器、或者其他包含输入端的用电设备。本申请提供的功率变换设备可适用于不同的应用场景，比如，光伏供电场景、储能供电场景、不间断电源(Uninterrupted Power Supply，UPS)供电场景等。下面以光伏供电场景为例进行说明。
参见图1，图1是本申请提供的功率变换设备的应用场景示意图。在光伏供电场景下，本申请提供的功率变换设备可以为图1所示的逆变器，本申请提供的端子板和电能变换电路可以分别为图1所示的端子板A和DC/DC电路。本申请提供的保护开关可以为图1所示的接触器。逆变器包括端子板A，该端子板A上设置有逆变器的输入端子a1、a2、a3、和a4，以及温度采样电路a5。该逆变器的输入端子a1和输入端子a2通过接触器分别连接光伏电池板PV1的两端，输入端子a3和输入端子a4通过接触器分别连接光伏电池板PV2的两端，输出端连接交流电网或者家用设备。该逆变器还包括DC/DC电路和逆变电路，DC/DC电路的输入端与上述逆变器的4个输入端子相连，DC/DC电路的输出端通过逆变电路连接逆变器的输出端。在逆变器开始运行后，逆变器中的DC/DC电路将光伏电池板PV1和光伏电池板PV2输入的直流电进行直流变换后输出至逆变电路，逆变电路将输入端输入的直流变换后的直流电逆变为交流电并通过输出端输出，从而实现对交流电网或者交流负载(如家用设备)等多种类型的用电设备进行供电。与此同时，在逆变器开始工作后，逆变器通过温度采样电路a5采集上述逆变器的4个输入端子中的至少一个输入端子的温度参数，并在上述至少一个输入端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，说明上述逆变器的4个输入端子中存在温度过高的输入端子，则逆变器控制接触器断开，以及时切断上述4个输入端子所在的供电回路，即光伏电池板PV1和PV2的供电回路，从而实现对上述4个输入端子的过温保护，进而实现对逆变器的保护。由于温度采样电路a5位于上述输入端子旁，可以直接对输入端子的温度参数进行实时采样和传导，因此可以有效避免采样存在延迟的情况，保证逆变器可及时获取其输入端子的温度，进而可在其输入端子温度过高时及时实现对其输入端子的过温保护，以保证输入端子的可靠运行。上述只是对本申请提供的功率变换设备的应用场景进行示例，而非穷举，本申请不对应用场景进行限制。
下面结合图2a至图8b对本申请提供的功率变换设备的工作原理进行示例说明。
参见图2a，图2a是本申请提供的功率变换设备的一结构示意图。如图2a所示，功率变换设备1包括端子板11、电能变换电路12和控制器13。端子板11上设置有第一端子(即输入端子in1)和第一温度采样电路(即温度采样电路151)，温度采样电路151用于采集输入端子in1的温度参数。功率变换设备1的输入端子in1通过保护开关141连接直流电源101，功率变换设备1的两个输出端out11和out12连接负载。电能变换电路12的输入端连接功率变换设备1的输入端子in1，两个输出端分别连接功率变换设备1的两个输出端out11和out12。
其中，电能变换电路12包括DC/DC电路或者逆变电路。需要说明的是，在电能变换电路12为DC/DC电路的情况下，功率变换设备1为DC/DC变换器；在电能变换电路12为DC/DC电路且功率变换设备1还包括逆变电路(位于电能变换电路12的输出端与功率变换设备1的输出端之间)的情况下，功率变换设备1为逆变器；在电能变换电路12为逆变电路的情况下，功率变换设备1为逆变器。直流电源101包括光伏电池板、储能电池或者燃料电池，保护开关14包括功率管、继电器或者接触器。示例性的，功率管可以是金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(metaloxide semiconductor Field Effect Transistor，MOSFET)、绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)或者氮化镓(Gallium Nitride，GaN)晶体管等。可选的，保护开关141除了位于功率变换设备1的外部，还可以位于功率变换设备1的内部，具体请参见图2b所示的功率变换设备1。如图2b所示，输入端子in1与电能变换电路12的输入端之间设置有保护开关141。
在一可选实施方式中，功率变换设备1在开始运行后，温度采样电路151开始实时采集输入端子in1的温度参数。控制器13通过温度采样电路151获取输入端子in1的温度参数，并在输入端子in1的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，说明输入端子in1的温度过高，则控制保护开关141断开，以及时断开输入端子in1所在的供电回路，从而实现对输入端子in1的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备1的保护。
在本申请实施例中，由于输入端子in1的温度参数是通过位于输入端子in1旁的温度采样电路151直接采样得到的，因此可以有效避免采样存在延迟的情况，保证功率变换设备1可及时获取输入端子in1的温度，进而可在输入端子in1温度过高时及时实现对输入端子in1的过温保护，以保证输入端子in1的可靠运行。此外，通过位于输入端子in1旁的温度采样电路151直接采集输入端子in1的温度参数的采样方式，还可减小采集到的温度参数的误差，进而提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
再参见图2a，温度采样电路151与输入端子in1之间的距离小于预设值R，具体来讲，温度采样电路151位于图3所示的以预设值R为半径的圆形区域内。其中，预设值R只需保证第一温度采样电路151可以采集到输入端子in1的正确温度参数即可，本申请对其具体数值不做限定。
在一可选实施例中，参见图4a，图4a是本申请提供的温度采样电路的一结构示意图。如图4a所示，温度采样电路151包括第一热敏电阻NTC1和电压跟随器U1，其中，第一热敏电阻NTC1的一端连接第一参考电源VCC，第一热敏电阻NTC1的另一端连接电压跟随器U1的正输入端，电压跟随器U1的负输入端连接电压跟随器U1的输出端。示例性的，第一参考电源VCC为5V直流电源。
具体的，在功率变换设备1开始工作后，温度采样电路151中的第一热敏电阻NTC1将输入端子in1的温度转化为电压值VNTC1，并将电压值VCC-VNTC1输入电压跟随器U1，电压跟随器U1通过将其正输入端输入的电压值输出得到输入端子in1的温度参数，即电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1＝VCC-VNTC1。控制器13通过温度采样电路151获取电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1，并在电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1大于温度参数阈值(即第一电压阈值)的情况下，说明输入端子in1的温度过高，则控制保护开关141断开，以及时断开输入端子in1所在的供电回路，从而实现对输入端子in1的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备1的保护。
可选的，控制器13还通过电流采样电路采集输入端子in1的端子电流，并在电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1大于第一电压阈值且输入端子in1的端子电流大于电流阈值的情况下，说明输入端子in1的温度过高，则控制保护开关141断开。可以理解的，通过增加端子电流判断条件的方式，保证保护开关141被触发的准确性，避免误操作，从而进一步提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
可选的，图4a中的温度采样电路151还可以包括单刀八掷开关，该单刀八掷开关用于控制温度 采样电路151能否获取到温度采样电路151对应输入端子的温度参数。第一热敏电阻NTC1的另一端通过单刀八掷开关连接电压跟随器U1的正输入端。可以理解的，通过添加单刀八掷开关的方式，保证温度采样电路151仅在功率变换设备1需要获取输入端子的温度参数时工作，从而降低功率变换设备1的功耗。
在另一可选实施例中，参见图4b，图4b是本申请提供的温度采样电路的另一结构示意图。如图4b所示，温度采样电路151包括第一热敏电阻NTC1和第一分压电阻R1，其中，第一热敏电阻NTC1的一端连接第一参考电源VCC，第一热敏电阻NTC1的另一端通过第一分压电阻R1连接参考地。示例性的，第一参考电源VCC为5V直流电源。
具体的，在功率变换设备1开始工作后，温度采样电路151中的第一热敏电阻NTC1的阻值随着输入端子in1的温度的变化而变化。具体来讲，第一热敏电阻NTC1的阻值随着输入端子in1的温度的升高而减小。输入端子in1的温度参数，即第一分压电阻R1的电压VR1随之变化。控制器13通过温度采样电路151获取第一分压电阻R1的电压VR1，并在第一分压电阻R1的电压VR1大于温度参数阈值(即第二电压阈值)的情况下，说明输入端子in1的温度过高，则控制保护开关141断开，以及时断开输入端子in1所在的供电回路，从而实现对输入端子in1的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备1的保护。
可选的，控制器13还通过电流采样电路采集输入端子in1的端子电流，并在第一分压电阻R1的电压VR1大于第二电压阈值且输入端子in1的端子电流大于电流阈值的情况下，说明输入端子in1的温度过高，则控制保护开关141断开。可以理解的，通过增加端子电流判断条件的方式，保证保护开关141被触发的准确性，避免误操作，从而进一步提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
可选的，图4b中的温度采样电路151还可以包括单刀八掷开关，该单刀八掷开关用于控制温度采样电路151能否获取到温度采样电路151对应输入端子的温度参数。单刀八掷开关可设置于第一热敏电阻NTC1与第一分压电阻R1之间。可以理解的，通过添加单刀八掷开关的方式，保证温度采样电路151仅在功率变换设备1需要获取输入端子的温度参数时工作，从而降低功率变换设备1的功耗。
在另一可选实施例中，参见图4c，图4c是本申请提供的温度采样电路的另一结构示意图。如图4c所示，温度采样电路151包括第一热敏电阻NTC1和反相放大器A1，其中，第一热敏电阻NTC1的一端连接第一参考电源VCC，第一热敏电阻NTC1的另一端连接反相放大器A1的反相输入端，反相放大器A1的正相输入端连接参考地。示例性的，第一参考电源VCC为5V直流电源。
具体的，在功率变换设备1开始工作后，温度采样电路151中的第一热敏电阻NTC1将输入端子in1的温度转化为电压值VNTC1，并将电压值VCC-VNTC1输入反相放大器A1，反相放大器A1通过将其反相输入端输入的电压值进行反相放大后输出得到输入端子in1的温度参数，即反相放大器A1的输出电压VA1＝μ(VCC-VNTC1)，其中，μ为反相放大器A1的放大系数，且μ＜0。控制器13通过温度采样电路151获取反相放大器A1的输出电压VA1，并在反相放大器A1的输出电压VA1大于温度参数阈值(即第三电压阈值)的情况下，说明输入端子in1的温度过高，则控制保护开关141断开，以及时断开输入端子in1所在的供电回路，从而实现对输入端子in1的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备1的保护。
可选的，控制器13还通过电流采样电路采集输入端子in1的端子电流，并在反相放大器A1的输出电压VA1大于第三电压阈值且输入端子in1的端子电流大于电流阈值的情况下，说明输入端子in1的温度过高，则控制保护开关141断开。可以理解的，通过增加端子电流判断条件的方式，保证保护开关141被触发的准确性，避免误操作，从而进一步提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
可选的，图4c中的温度采样电路151还可以包括单刀八掷开关，该单刀八掷开关用于控制温度采样电路151能否获取到温度采样电路151对应输入端子的温度参数。第一热敏电阻NTC1的另一端通过单刀八掷开关连接反相放大器A1的正相输入端。可以理解的，通过添加单刀八掷开关的方式，保证温度采样电路151仅在功率变换设备1需要获取输入端子的温度参数时工作，从而降低功率变换设备1的功耗。
需要说明的是，温度采样电路151中的第一热敏电阻NTC1为唯一的热敏元件(即将温度转换为电信号的元件)，话句话说，仅通过第一热敏电阻NTC1即可完成对输入端子in1的温度采样。为了温度采样电路151的多样性，还可在第一热敏电阻NTC1上连接不同的元件。在第一热敏电阻NTC1 连接的元件不同时，输入端子in1的温度参数可以随着第一热敏电阻NTC1连接元件的变化而变化，因此，温度采样电路151的结构多样，相应的，输入端子in1的过温判断条件多样，灵活性高。本申请对第一热敏电阻NTC1上连接的元件不做限制。此外，本申请中的温度采样电路151均是通过热敏电阻直接传导输入端子温度，由于热敏电阻的温度测量范围达到-40度至150度，因此温度采样电路151测量范围广，适用性强。
可以理解，由于输入端子in1的温度参数是通过位于输入端子in1旁的温度采样电路151直接采样得到的，因此可以有效避免采样存在延迟的情况，保证功率变换设备1可及时获取输入端子in1的温度，进而可在输入端子in1温度过高时及时实现对输入端子in1的过温保护，以保证输入端子in1的可靠运行。此外，通过位于输入端子in1旁的温度采样电路151直接采集输入端子in1的温度参数的采样方式，还可减小采集到的温度参数的误差，进而提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。此外，温度采样电路151结构简单，便于控制，易操作性强，还可以提高功率变换设备1的稳定性。再者，温度采样电路151结构多样，灵活性高，还可以提高功率变换设备1的结构多样性。
参见图5a，图5a是本申请提供的功率变换设备的另一结构示意图。如图5a所示，功率变换设备1包括端子板11、电能变换电路12和控制器13。端子板11上设置有n个端子(即输入端子in1、……、输入端子inn)和第一温度采样电路(即温度采样电路151)，其中，n为大于1的整数。温度采样电路151用于采集上述n个输入端子中至少一个端子的温度参数。功率变换设备1的输入端子in1通过其对应的保护开关141连接直流电源101，……，输入端子inn通过其对应的保护开关14n连接直流电源10n。功率变换设备1的两个输出端out11和out12连接负载。电能变换电路12的输入端连接功率变换设备1的输入端子in1，两个输出端分别连接功率变换设备1的两个输出端out11和out12。可选的，保护开关141，……，保护开关14n除了位于功率变换设备1的外部，还可以位于功率变换设备1的内部，具体请参见图5b所示的功率变换设备1。如图5b所示，输入端子in1通过其对应的保护开关141连接电能变换电路12的输入端，……，输入端子inn通过其对应的保护开关14n连接电能变换电路12的输入端。其中，端子板11的实物图如图6中的端子板11，输入端子的实物图如图6中的焊接式PV端子a1或者a2。
在一可选实施方式中，在温度采样电路151对应n个输入端子时，温度采样电路151与n个输入端子中各输入端子的距离均小于预设值R。功率变换设备1在开始运行后，控制器13通过温度采样电路151获取得到一个温度参数，即第一温度参数。第一温度参数可以理解为n个输入端子中各输入端子的温度参数，也即n个端子的温度参数。并在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，说明n个输入端子中存在温度过高的端子，则控制保护开关141、……、保护开关14n均断开，以及时断开n个输入端子的所在的供电回路，从而实现对n个输入端子的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备1的保护。可以理解的，功率变换设备1在发现多个输入端子中存在温度过高的输入端子时，直接将多个输入端子对应的多个保护开关全部断开，从而提高功率变换设备1的安全性。
可选的，控制器13还通过电流采样电路采集n个输入端子中各输入端子的端子电流，得到n个端子电流，并在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值且n个输入端子中存在端子电流大于电流阈值的第一输入端子的情况下，说明n个输入端子中存在温度过高的端子且温度过高的输入端子为第一输入端子，控制第一输入端子对应的保护开关断开。可以理解的，通过增加端子电流判断条件，可以精准确定具体的温度过高的输入端子。此外，通过仅断开温度过高输入端子的方式，保证功率变换设备1存在部分温度过高输入端子时仍可正常向负载供电，从而提高功率变换设备1的稳定性。
下面以n＝2为例，即端子板11上设置有输入端子in1和输入端子in2，对温度采样电路151进行示例说明。
在一可选实施例中，参见图7a，图7a是本申请提供的温度采样电路的另一结构示意图。如图7a所示，温度采样电路151包括第一热敏电阻NTC1、第二热敏电阻NTC2和电压跟随器U1，其中，第一热敏电阻NTC1的一端连接第一参考电源VCC1，第二热敏电阻NTC2的一端连接第二参考电源VCC2，第一热敏电阻NTC1的另一端和第二热敏电阻NTC2的另一端均连接电压跟随器U1的正输入端，电压跟随器U1的负输入端连接电压跟随器U1的输出端。第一热敏电阻NTC1用于检测输入端子in1的温度，第二热敏电阻NTC2用于检测输入端子in2的温度。示例性的，第一参考电源VCC1和第二参考电源VCC2均为5V直流电源。
具体的，在功率变换设备1开始工作后，温度采样电路151中的第一热敏电阻NTC1将输入端子in1的温度转化为电压值VNTC1，并将电压值VCC-VNTC1输入电压跟随器U1；第二热敏电阻NTC2将输入端子in2的温度转化为电压值VNTC2，并将电压值VCC-VNTC2输入电压跟随器U1。电压跟随器U1通过将其正输入端输入的电压值(即VCC-VNTC1或者VCC-VNTC2)输出得到第一温度参数。具体来讲，第一温度参数为输入端子in1的温度参数，也为输入端子in2温度参数，即电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1＝VCC-VNTC1或者VU1＝VCC-VNTC2。控制器13通过温度采样电路151获取电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1，并在电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1大于温度参数阈值(即第一电压阈值)的情况下，说明输入端子in1和输入端子in2中存在温度过高的输入端子，则控制输入端子in1对应的保护开关141和输入端子in2中对应的保护开关142均断开，以及时断开输入端子in1和输入端子in2所在的供电回路，从而实现对输入端子in1和输入端子in2的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备1的保护。
可选的，控制器13还通过电流采样电路采集输入端子in1和输入端子in2的端子电流，得到两个端子电流。并在电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1大于第一电压阈值且两个端子电流中存在大于电流阈值的端子电流的情况下，说明输入端子in1和输入端子in2中存在温度过高的输入端子，则控制保护开关141和保护开关142断开。可以理解的，通过增加端子电流判断条件的方式，保证保护开关141和保护开关142被触发的准确性，避免误操作，从而进一步提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
在另一可选实施例中，参见图7b，图7b是本申请提供的温度采样电路的又一结构示意图。如图7b所示，温度采样电路151包括第一热敏电阻NTC1、第二热敏电阻NTC2、第一分压电阻R1、第二分压电阻R2、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2和电压跟随器U1。
第一热敏电阻NTC1的一端连接第一参考电源VCC1，第二热敏电阻NTC2的一端连接第二参考电源VCC2，第一热敏电阻NTC1的另一端连接第一分压电阻R1的一端和第一二极管D1的阳极，第一分压电阻R1的另一端连接参考地，第一二极管D1的阴极连接电压跟随器U1的正输入端。第二热敏电阻NTC2的另一端连接第二分压电阻R2的一端和第二二极管D2的阳极，第二分压电阻R2的另一端连接参考地，第二二极管D2的阴极连接电压跟随器U1的正输入端，电压跟随器U1的负输入端连接电压跟随器U1的输出端。第一热敏电阻NTC1用于检测输入端子in1的温度，第二热敏电阻NTC2用于检测输入端子in2的温度。示例性的，第一参考电源VCC1和第二参考电源VCC2均为5V直流电源。
具体的，在功率变换设备1开始工作后，温度采样电路151中的第一热敏电阻NTC1将输入端子in1的温度转化为电压值VNTC1，并将电压值VCC-VNTC1输入第一二极管D1的阳极；第二热敏电阻NTC2将输入端子in2的温度转化为电压值VNTC2，并将电压值VCC-VNTC2输入第二二极管D2的阳极。当第一二极管D1的阳极电压达到第一二极管D1的导通电压或者第二二极管D2的阳极电压达到第一二极管D1的导通电压时，电压跟随器U1的正输入端接收到VCC-VNTC1或者VCC-VNTC2，并通过将其正输入端输入的电压值(即VCC-VNTC1或者VCC-VNTC2)输出得到第一温度参数。具体来讲，第一温度参数为输入端子in1的温度参数，也为输入端子in2温度参数，即电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1＝VCC-VNTC1或者VU1＝VCC-VNTC2。控制器13通过温度采样电路151获取电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1，并在电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1大于温度参数阈值(即第一电压阈值)的情况下，说明输入端子in1和输入端子in2中存在温度过高的输入端子，则控制输入端子in1对应的保护开关141和输入端子in2中对应的保护开关142均断开，以及时断开输入端子in1和输入端子in2所在的供电回路，从而实现对输入端子in1和输入端子in2的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备1的保护。
可选的，控制器13还通过电流采样电路采集输入端子in1和输入端子in2的端子电流，得到两个端子电流。并在电压跟随器U1的输出电压VU1大于第一电压阈值且两个端子电流中存在大于电流阈值的端子电流的情况下，说明输入端子in1和输入端子in2中存在温度过高的输入端子，则控制保护开关141和保护开关142断开。可以理解的，通过增加端子电流判断条件的方式，保证保护开关141和保护开关142被触发的准确性，避免误操作，从而进一步提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
可以理解的，由于多个输入端子的温度参数是通过位于多个输入端子旁的一个温度采样电路151直接采样得到的，因此可以有效避免采样存在延迟的情况，保证功率变换设备1可及时获取多个待测温输入端子的温度，进而可在待测温输入端子温度过高时及时实现对其输入端子的过温保护，以保证其输入端子的可靠运行。此外，通过位于多个输入端子旁的一个温度采样电路151直接采集多个输入端子的温度参数的采样方式，还可减小采集到的温度参数的误差，进而提高功率变换设备1 对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。此外，温度采样电路151结构简单，便于控制，易操作性强，还可以提高功率变换设备1的稳定性。另外，温度采样电路151结构多样，灵活性高，还可以提高功率变换设备1的结构多样性。再者，图7a和图7b所示的温度采样电路151中多个输入端子可共用一个电压跟随器U1，从而可降低温度采样电路151的体积和成本，进而降低功率变换设备1的体积和成本。
在一可选实施方式中，在端子板11上设置有n个输入端子时，端子板11上还设置有与n个输入端子对应的m个温度采样电路(即温度采样电路151、温度采样电路152、……、温度采样电路15m),其中，2≤m≤n。n个输入端子包括m组输入端子，即第1组输入端子、第2组输入端子、……、第m组输入端子。m组输入端子中各组输入端子所包含的端子数量均大于等于1，且各组输入端子所包含的端子数量可以相同，也可以不同。各个温度采样电路用于采集其对应组输入端子的温度参数，其中，在一个温度采样电路对应组输入端子所包含的端子数量为多个时，该温度采样电路采集到的其对应组输入端子的温度参数为一个值，该值可以理解为该温度采样电路对应组输入端子中的各输入端子的温度参数。各温度采样电路与其对应组输入端子的距离小于预设值R。
在功率变换设备1工作后，上述m个温度采样电路采集各自对应组端子的温度参数，得到m个温度参数。控制器13通过上述m个温度采样电路获取m个温度参数，并根据m个温度参数确定m组输入端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的目标组输入端子的情况下，说明目标组输入端子中存在温度过高的输入端子，则控制器13控制目标组输入端子对应的保护开关均断开。
示例性的，在m组输入端子中第1组输入端子的温度参数和第2组输入端子的温度参数均大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制器13控制第1组输入端子对应的保护开关和第2组输入端子对应的保护开关均断开。
示例性的，假设m＝n＝4，此时，端子板11上共设置有4个输入端子和与4个输入端子一一对应的4个温度采样电路,4个端子包括第1组输入端子、第2组输入端子、第3组输入端子和第4组输入端子，且上述4组输入端子中各组输入端子所包含的端子数均为1。控制器13通过上述4个温度采样电路获取4个温度参数，并在4个输入端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的输入端子的情况下，控制器13控制温度参数大于温度参数阈值的输入端子对应的保护开关断开。
可以理解的，功率变换设备1在发现其n个输入端子中存在温度过高的一组输入端子时，直接将温度过高的一组输入端子对应的保护开关全部断开，从而提高功率变换设备1的安全性。
可选的，控制器13还通过电流采样电路获取n个端子中各输入端子的端子电流，得到n个端子电流。并在m组输入端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的目标组输入端子且目标组输入端子中存在端子电流大于电流阈值的第一输入端子的情况下，说明第1组输入端子中温度过高的端子为第一输入端子，则控制器13控制第一输入端子对应的保护开关断开。可以理解的，通过增加端子电流判断条件，可以精准确定具体的温度过高的输入端子。此外，通过仅断开温度过高输入端子的方式，保证功率变换设备1中除温度过高输入端子之外的其他输入端子仍可正常工作，从而保证功率变换设备1仍可正常向负载供电，进而提高功率变换设备1的稳定性。
需要说明的是，在每个端子对应一个温度采样电路且每个端子对应的温度采样电路各不相同的情况下，每个端子对应的温度采样电路可以为图4a至图4c所示的温度采样电路151中的任一种。相应的，这里的温度参数可以为电压跟随器U1的输出电压、第一分压电阻R1的电压和反相放大器A1的输出电压中的任一种。在多个端子对应一个温度采样电路的情况下，多个端子对应的温度采样电路可以为图7a和图7b所示的温度采样电路151中的任一种。相应的，这里的温度参数可以为电压跟随器U1的输出电压。
在本申请实施例中，由于待测温输入端子的温度参数是通过位于待测温输入端子旁的温度采样电路151直接采样得到的，因此可以有效避免采样存在延迟的情况，保证功率变换设备1可及时获取待测温输入端子的温度，进而可在待测温输入端子温度过高时及时实现对该输入端子的过温保护，以保证功率变换设备1的输入端子的可靠运行。此外，通过位于待测温输入端子旁的温度采样电路151直接采集待测温输入端子的温度参数的采样方式，还可减小采集到的温度参数的误差，进而提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。此外，温度采样电路151结构简单，便于控制，易操作性强，还可以提高功率变换设备1的稳定性。再者，温度采样电路151结构多样，灵活性高，还可以提高功率变换设备1的结构多样性。
参见图8a，图8a是本申请提供的功率变换设备的另一结构示意图。如图8a所示，功率变换设备1包括端子板11、电能变换电路12和控制器13。端子板11上设置有n个端子(即输入端子in1、……、输入端子inn)和温度采样电路151，其中，n为大于1的整数。温度采样电路151用于采集上述n个输入端子中至少一个端子的温度参数。功率变换设备1的n个输入端子(即输入端子in1，……，输入端子inn)均通过保护开关141连接n个直流电源(即直流电源101，……，直流电源10n)。功率变换设备1的两个输出端out11和out12连接负载。电能变换电路12的输入端连接功率变换设备1的n个输入端子，两个输出端分别连接功率变换设备1的两个输出端out11和out12。可选的，保护开关141除了位于功率变换设备1的外部，还可以位于功率变换设备1的内部，具体请参见图8b所示的功率变换设备1。如图8b所示，输入端子in1，……，输入端子inn均通过保护开关141连接电能变换电路12的输入端。
在一可选实施方式中，在温度采样电路151对应n个输入端子时，温度采样电路151与n个输入端子中各输入端子的距离均小于预设值R。功率变换设备1在开始运行后，控制器13通过温度采样电路151获取得到一个温度参数，即第一温度参数。第一温度参数可以理解为n个输入端子中各输入端子的温度参数。并在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，说明n个输入端子中存在温度过高的端子，则控制保护开关141断开，以及时断开n个输入端子的所在的供电回路，从而实现对n个输入端子的保护，进而实现对功率变换设备1的保护。可以理解的，功率变换设备1在发现多个输入端子中存在温度过高的输入端子时，直接断开多个输入端子所在的供电回路，从而提高功率变换设备1的安全性。
可选的，控制器13还通过电流采样电路采集n个输入端子中各输入端子的端子电流，得到n个端子电流，并在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值且n个输入端子中存在端子电流大于电流阈值的第一输入端子的情况下，说明n个输入端子中存在温度过高的端子且温度过高的输入端子为第一输入端子，控制保护开关141断开。可以理解的，通过增加端子电流判断条件的方式，保证保护开关141被触发的准确性，避免误操作，从而进一步提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
这里，在温度采样电路151对应多个输入端子时，温度采样电路151的具体结构可参见图7a和图7b所示的温度采样电路151，此处不再赘述。
在一可选实施方式中，在端子板11上设置有n个输入端子时，端子板11上还设置有与n个输入端子对应的m个温度采样电路(即温度采样电路151、温度采样电路152、……、温度采样电路15m),其中，2≤m≤n。n个输入端子包括m组输入端子，即第1组输入端子、第2组输入端子、……、第m组输入端子。m组输入端子中各组输入端子所包含的端子数量均大于等于1，且各组输入端子所包含的端子数量可以相同，也可以不同。各个温度采样电路用于采集其对应组输入端子的温度参数，其中，在一个温度采样电路对应组输入端子所包含的端子数量为多个时，该温度采样电路采集到的其对应组输入端子的温度参数为一个值，该值可以理解为该温度采样电路对应组输入端子中的各输入端子的温度参数。各温度采样电路与其对应组输入端子的距离小于预设值R。
在功率变换设备1工作后，上述m个温度采样电路采集各自对应组输入端子的温度参数，得到m个温度参数。控制器13通过上述m个温度采样电路获取m个温度参数，并根据m个温度参数确定在m组输入端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的目标组输入端子的情况下，说明目标组输入端子中存在温度过高的输入端子，则控制保护开关141断开。可以理解的，功率变换设备1在发现其输入端子中存在温度过高的输入端子时，直接断开多个输入端子所在的供电回路，从而提高功率变换设备1的安全性。
可选的，控制器13还通过电流采样电路获取n个端子中各输入端子的端子电流，得到n个端子电流。并在m组输入端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的目标组输入端子且目标组输入端子中存在端子电流大于电流阈值的输入端子的情况下，说明目标组输入端子温度过高，则控制保护开关141断开。可以理解的，通过增加端子电流判断条件的方式，保证保护开关141被触发的准确性，避免误操作，从而进一步提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。
需要说明的是，在每个端子对应一个温度采样电路且每个端子对应的温度采样电路各不相同的情况下，每个端子对应的温度采样电路可以为图4a至图4c所示的温度采样电路151中的任一种。相应的，这里的温度参数可以为电压跟随器U1的输出电压、第一分压电阻R1的电压和反相放大器A1的输出电压中的任一种。在多个端子对应一个温度采样电路的情况下，多个端子对应的温度采样 电路可以为图7a和图7b所示的温度采样电路151中的任一种。相应的，这里的温度参数可以为电压跟随器U1的输出电压。
在本申请实施例中，由于待测温输入端子的温度参数均是通过位于待测温输入端子旁的温度采样电路151直接采样得到的，因此可以有效避免采样存在延迟的情况，保证功率变换设备1可及时获取待测温输入端子的温度，进而可在待测温输入端子温度过高时及时实现对该输入端子的过温保护，以保证功率变换设备1的输入端子的可靠运行。此外，通过位于待测温输入端子旁的温度采样电路151直接采集待测温输入端子的温度参数的采样方式，还可减小采集到的温度参数的误差，进而提高功率变换设备1对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度。此外，温度采样电路151结构简单，便于控制，易操作性强，还可以提高功率变换设备1的稳定性。另外，温度采样电路151结构多样，灵活性高，还可以提高功率变换设备1的结构多样性。再者，多个输入端子的供电回路共用同一个保护开关，可有效降低功率变换设备1或者功率变换设备1所在供电系统的成本。
需要说明的是，本申请中温度采样电路与待测温端子的位置关系，除了是温度采样电路与待测温端子之间的距离小于预设距离R的分布方式之外，还可以是只需保证温度采样电路中的热敏元件(如热敏电阻NTC)与待测温端子之间的距离小于预设距离R即可，该方式使得温度采样电路中除了热敏元件之外的其他元件在端子板11上的发布方式更加灵活。
参见图9，图9是本申请提供的功率变换设备的保护方法的流程示意图。本申请实施例提供的功率变换设备的保护方法适用于图2a至图8b所示的功率变换设备1。功率变换设备的保护方法可包括步骤：
S101，通过第一温度采样电路获取第一端子的温度参数。
在一可选实施方式中，功率变换设备在工作后，第一温度采样电路开始采集第一端子的温度参数。功率变换设备通过第一温度采样电路获取第一端子的温度参数。
在另一可选实施方式中，功率变换设备的端子板上设置有n个端子(包括第一端子)且n个端子对应一个第一温度采样电路的情况下，功率变换设备在工作后，第一温度采样电路开始采集第一温度参数，即n个输入端子中各输入端子的温度参数。功率变换设备通过第一温度采样电路获取第一温度参数。其中，n为大于1的整数。
在又一可选实施方式中，功率变换设备的端子板上设置有n个端子(包括第一端子)以及与n个端子对应的m个温度采样电路(包括第一温度采样电路)的情况下，在功率变换设备工作后，上述m个温度采样电路采集各自对应组端子的温度参数，得到m个温度参数。功率变换设备通过上述m个温度采样电路获取m个温度参数。其中，n为大于1的整数，2≤m≤n。m组输入端子中各组输入端子所包含的端子数量均大于等于1，且各组输入端子所包含的端子数量可以相同，也可以不同。
S102，在第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制保护开关断开。
在一可选实施方式中，在第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，功率变换设备控制连接第一端子的保护开关断开。
在另一可选实施方式中，在第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值且第一端子的端子电流大于电流阈值的情况下，功率变换设备控制连接第一端子的保护开关断开。
在另一可选实施方式中，在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，功率变换设备控制多个端子对应的同一个保护开关断开，或者控制与多个端子一一对应的多个保护开关均断开。
在另一可选实施方式中，在第一温度参数大于温度参数阈值且n个端子中存在端子电流大于电流阈值的第一端子的情况下，功率变换设备控制第一端子对应的保护开关断开。
在另一可选实施方式中，在m组端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的第一组端子的情况下，功率变换设备控制第一组端子对应的保护开关断开。
在又一可选实施方式中，在m组端子中存在温度参数大于温度参数阈值的第一组端子且第一组端子中存在端子电流大于电流阈值的第一端子的情况下，功率变换设备控制第一端子对应的保护开关断开。
具体实现中，本申请提供的功率变换设备的保护方法中功率变换设备所执行的更多操作可参见图2a至图8b所示的功率变换设备1所执行的实现方式，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例中，由于待测温输入端子的温度参数均是通过位于待测温输入端子旁的温度采样电路直接采样得到的，因此可以有效避免采样存在延迟的情况，保证功率变换设备可及时获取待测 温输入端子的温度，进而可在待测温输入端子温度过高时及时实现对该输入端子的过温保护，以保证功率变换设备的输入端子的可靠运行。此外，通过位于待测温输入端子旁的温度采样电路直接采集待测温输入端子的温度参数的采样方式，还可减小采集到的温度参数的误差，进而提高功率变换设备对其输入端子进行保护时的控制精度，适用性强。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述功率变换设备包括端子板、电能变换电路和控制器，所述端子板上设置有第一端子和第一温度采样电路，其中：
    所述第一端子通过保护开关连接直流电源或者所述电能变换电路；
    所述第一温度采样电路，用于采集所述第一端子的温度参数；
    所述控制器，用于获取所述第一端子的温度参数；在所述第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于获取所述第一端子的端子电流；
    所述控制器用于在所述第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值，且所述第一端子的端子电流大于电流阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述第一温度采样电路包括第一热敏电阻，所述第一热敏电阻用于检测所述第一端子的温度参数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述第一温度采样电路还包括电压跟随器，其中，所述第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，所述第一热敏电阻的另一端连接所述电压跟随器的第一输入端，所述电压跟随器的第二输入端连接所述电压跟随器的输出端；所述温度参数为所述电压跟随器的输出电压。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述第一温度采样电路与所述第一端子之间的距离小于预设值。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述端子板上设置有多个端子，所述多个端子包括所述第一端子，所述多个端子通过所述多个端子对应的多个保护开关连接所述直流电源或者所述电能变换电路，所述多个端子与所述多个保护开关一一对应；所述第一温度采样电路与所述多个端子的距离均小于预设值，用于采集第一温度参数；
    所述控制器用于获取所述第一温度参数；在所述第一温度参数大于所述温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述多个保护开关均断开。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述端子板上设置有多个端子，所述多个端子包括所述第一端子，所述多个端子均通过所述保护开关连接所述直流电源或者所述电能变换电路；所述第一温度采样电路与所述多个端子的距离均小于预设值，用于采集第一温度参数；
    所述控制器用于获取所述第一温度参数；在所述第一温度参数大于所述温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述端子板上设置有多个端子和多个温度采样电路，所述多个端子包括第一组端子和第二组端子，所述第一组端子包括所述第一端子，所述多个温度采样电路包括所述第一温度采样电路和第二温度采样电路；所述多个端子通过所述多个端子对应的多个保护开关连接所述直流电源或者所述电能变换电路，所述多个端子与所述多个保护开关一一对应；所述第一温度采样电路用于采集所述第一组端子的温度参数，所述第二温度采样电路用于采集所述第二组端子的温度参数；
    所述控制器用于获取所述第一组端子的温度参数和所述第二组端子的温度参数；在所述第一组端子和所述第二组端子中存在温度参数大于所述温度参数阈值的所述第一组端子的情况下，控制所述第一组端子对应的保护开关断开。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述端子板上设置有多个端子和多个温度采样电路，所述多个端子包括第一组端子和第二组端子，所述第一组端子包括所述第一端子，所述多个温度采 样电路包括所述第一温度采样电路和第二温度采样电路；所述多个端子通过所述保护开关连接所述直流电源或者所述电能变换电路；所述第一温度采样电路用于采集所述第一组端子的温度参数，所述第二温度采样电路用于采集所述第二组端子的温度参数；
    所述控制器用于获取所述第一组端子的温度参数和所述第二组端子的温度参数；在所述第一组端子和所述第二组端子中存在温度参数大于所述温度参数阈值的所述第一组端子的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一项所述的功率变换设备，其特征在于，所述多个端子包括所述第一端子和第二端子，所述第一温度采样电路包括电压跟随器、第一热敏电阻和第二热敏电阻，其中，所述第一热敏电阻的一端连接第一参考电源，所述第二热敏电阻的一端连接第二参考电源，所述第一热敏电阻的另一端和所述第二热敏电阻的另一端均连接所述电压跟随器的第一输入端，所述电压跟随器的第二输入端连接所述电压跟随器的输出端；所述第一热敏电阻用于检测所述第一端子的温度参数，所述第二热敏电阻用于检测所述第二端子的温度参数；所述温度参数为所述电压跟随器的输出电压。
  11. 一种功率变换设备的保护方法，其特征在于，所述功率变换设备包括端子板和电能变换电路，所述端子板上设置有第一端子和第一温度采样电路，所述第一端子通过保护开关连接直流电源或者所述电能变换电路；
    所述方法包括：
    通过所述第一温度采样电路获取所述第一端子的温度参数；
    在所述第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述端子板上设置有多个端子，所述多个端子包括所述第一端子，所述多个端子通过所述多个端子对应的多个保护开关连接所述直流电源或者所述电能变换电路，所述多个端子与所述多个保护开关一一对应；
    所述通过所述第一温度采样电路获取所述第一端子的温度参数，包括：
    通过所述第一温度采样电路获取第一温度参数，其中，所述第一温度采样电路与所述多个端子的距离均小于预设值；
    所述在所述第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开，包括：
    在所述第一温度参数大于所述温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述多个保护开关断开。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述端子板上设置有多个端子，所述多个端子包括所述第一端子，所述多个端子均通过所述保护开关连接所述直流电源或者所述电能变换电路；
    所述通过所述第一温度采样电路获取所述第一端子的温度参数，包括：
    通过所述第一温度采样电路获取第一温度参数，其中，所述第一温度采样电路与所述多个端子的距离均小于预设值；
    所述在所述第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开，包括：
    在所述第一温度参数大于所述温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述端子板上设置有多个端子和多个温度采样电路，所述多个端子包括第一组端子和第二组端子，所述第一组端子包括所述第一端子，所述多个温度采样电路包括所述第一温度采样电路和第二温度采样电路；所述多个端子通过所述多个端子对应的多个保护开关连接所述直流电源或者所述电能变换电路，所述多个端子与所述多个保护开关一一对应；
    所述通过所述第一温度采样电路获取所述第一端子的温度参数，包括：
    通过所述第一温度采样电路获取所述第一组端子的温度参数，以及通过所述第二温度采样电路获取所述第二组端子的温度参数；
    所述在所述第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开，包括：
    在所述第一组端子和所述第二组端子中存在温度参数大于所述温度参数阈值的所述第一组端子的情况下，控制所述第一组端子对应的保护开关断开。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述端子板上设置有多个端子和多个温度采样电路，所述多个端子包括第一组端子和第二组端子，所述第一组端子包括所述第一端子，所述多个温度采样电路包括所述第一温度采样电路和第二温度采样电路；所述多个端子通过所述保护开关连接所述直流电源或者所述电能变换电路；
    所述通过所述第一温度采样电路获取所述第一端子的温度参数，包括：
    通过所述第一温度采样电路获取所述第一组端子的温度参数，以及通过所述第二温度采样电路获取所述第二组端子的温度参数；
    所述在所述第一端子的温度参数大于温度参数阈值的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开，包括：
    在所述第一组端子和所述第二组端子中存在温度参数大于所述温度参数阈值的所述第一组端子的情况下，控制所述保护开关断开。
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