WO2024032920A1 - Unité de machine-outil dotée d'un capteur d'outil pour détecter le chargement d'un outil - Google Patents

Unité de machine-outil dotée d'un capteur d'outil pour détecter le chargement d'un outil Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024032920A1
WO2024032920A1 PCT/EP2022/085148 EP2022085148W WO2024032920A1 WO 2024032920 A1 WO2024032920 A1 WO 2024032920A1 EP 2022085148 W EP2022085148 W EP 2022085148W WO 2024032920 A1 WO2024032920 A1 WO 2024032920A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
unit
sensor
machine tool
recess
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/085148
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Van Sprang
Sebastian Weber
Harald WEING
Original Assignee
Franz Kessler Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Franz Kessler Gmbh filed Critical Franz Kessler Gmbh
Publication of WO2024032920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024032920A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/24—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means
    • B23B31/26—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle
    • B23B31/261—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle clamping the end of the toolholder shank
    • B23B31/265—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle clamping the end of the toolholder shank by means of collets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/002—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring the holding action of work or tool holders
    • B23Q17/003—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring the holding action of work or tool holders by measuring a position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q2017/001—Measurement or correction of run-out or eccentricity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2220/00—Machine tool components
    • B23Q2220/006—Spindle heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor-driven machine tool unit, such as a multi-axis turret or a motor spindle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a machine tool is already known from EP 1 889 685 B1, in which the surface contour of the circumferential surface of the spindle head is examined using a dial gauge to determine whether there is a deformation. Such a deformation is then attributed to the fact that u. a. In the area between the outer surface of the tool and the inner surface of the tool holder, there is a foreign body such as B. a chip was caught. However, this is no longer sufficient given the ever-increasing demands on precision and reliability for machine tools.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a motor-driven machine tool unit which has improved accuracy and/or with which the precision of the machining by the corresponding machine tool can be improved.
  • a machine tool unit according to the invention is characterized in that at least one weakening structure is provided between the tool sensor and the axis of rotation in order to increase and/or dampen less a mechanical deflection when the tool is loaded and/or when the load situation of the rotor unit or parts thereof changes.
  • the sensor technology is therefore significantly improved with the “actual” sensor, although the “actual” sensor is (usually) not changed/improved.
  • the weakening structure is advantageously designed as a cantilever of the tool sensor and/or a sensor element of the tool sensor. This advantageously results in a weakening of a sensor element of the tool sensor, thereby reducing the deflection or Deformation of the sensor element or the cantilever under appropriate load or As the load situation changes, it is dampened less and increased accordingly. This advantageously increases the sensitivity of the sensor system.
  • the weakening structure is designed as a recess in the rotor unit and/or the rotor shaft and/or as a recess in the tool receiving unit.
  • This recess weakens the stability of the corresponding. component, so that a greater deformation or higher accuracy of the sensor system is achieved.
  • the recess is formed on a radially outwardly oriented surface of the rotor unit and/or rotor shaft and/or tool holder unit and/or the recess is formed on a radially inwardly oriented surface of the rotor unit and/or rotor shaft and/or tool holder unit. In this way, the recess can be produced advantageously, so that the manufacturing effort and/or costs are reduced.
  • the weakening structure and/or the recess is arranged between the tool sensor and the tool receiving unit and/or viewed in the radial direction, the weakening structure and/or the recess is arranged between the tool sensor and the axis of rotation.
  • the weakening structure and/or the recess is arranged between the tool sensor and the first rolling bearing and/or viewed in the axial direction, the weakening structure and/or the recess is arranged between the tool receiving unit and the first rolling bearing.
  • the weakening has a positive effect on the accuracy that can be achieved.
  • the recess is designed as a cavity within the rotor unit and in particular is completely surrounded by material and/or components of the rotor unit.
  • the weakening structure and/or the recess comprises at least air.
  • the weakening structure advantageously comprises at least one plastic. Alternatively or in combination with this, at least one metal is included.
  • the weakening structure does not consist of steel, but rather z. B. copper, aluminum or according to Alloys or the like. This can also increase the sensitivity in an advantageous manner and can also be produced inexpensively.
  • the rotor unit that rotates relative to the stator unit is part of a motor spindle drive.
  • the actual cutting tool (milling cutter, drill, etc.) is usually held in a tool holder, which in turn is arranged in a tool clamping device. braced, which is to be viewed as part of the spindle head of the rotor unit.
  • the tool clamping device has a holder for a tool holder.
  • the tool clamping device is usually subjected to a clamping force and adjusted in the longitudinal direction of the axis of rotation.
  • a part of the clamping device can be pulled into a tapered receptacle so that the tool holder or the tool in turn u. a. can be clamped with a radial force.
  • the clamped tool can usually be released again and it can be removed from the machine tool. change .
  • the sensor measures its distance from the rotor unit and/or a sensor element, whereby the sensor or The majority of the sensor itself is usually arranged accordingly in the stator unit.
  • the sensor data is advantageously transmitted using an electronic unit or processed by evaluation electronics or evaluated, which can be computer controlled.
  • the at least one sensor head is usually arranged on the stator unit at a fixed position in the area of the tool clamping device and can measure/detect both on the front side of the rotating spindle head of the rotor unit and/or on the side, i.e. H . usually the so-called Sensor element. Sensors or Sensor heads can also be arranged in variable positions. As a rule, for example, a chip trapped between the tool and the tool clamping device/spindle/rotor unit results in the tool no longer running exactly centrally/straight around the axis of rotation. that the tool clamping device is slightly (also elastically) deformed and an unchanged concentricity, an unchanged axial runout of the tool or Tool holder or turning without changing the angle can no longer be guaranteed.
  • a disruption in the concentricity usually represents a particular impairment in machining.
  • Such displacements and/or deformations generally occur both laterally and at the front/axial side and are generally detectable there. At the front, a distance is measured parallel to the axis of rotation, and at the side a distance is measured that runs radially to the axis of rotation. All such displacements and/or deformations, including displacements of the rotor unit, can be determined in this way.
  • the attenuation structure can be used to improve the accuracy or Sensitivity can be improved.
  • a measurement can be carried out at a 90° angle to the surface and/or to the axis of rotation of the rotor unit, but also at an angle that deviates from this.
  • Machine tools in particular place high demands on machining accuracy.
  • the tool and thus the cutting edge/cutting edges usually have to be stored in the tool holder or in a precisely defined manner during machining. be inserted and moved in the tool clamping device, so that the workpiece to be machined is machined within the specified tolerance limit. Even if the machine tool and in particular the tool clamping device are manufactured with the necessary precision, additional factors come into play when using the machine, which can usually prevent a defined
  • Concentricity/axial runout is still present or no angular errors occur.
  • the machine e.g. B.
  • the chips that occur during machining stick to the tool or get jammed and ensure that the tool does not rotate in the actual target position.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first
  • FIG. 2 shows schematic representations of three different ones
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic, sectional detail of one
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic, sectional detail of another motor spindle with an axial sensor according to the
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a first
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a second
  • Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a third
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a fourth
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a machine tool unit 1 with part of a stator unit 2 and part of a rotor unit 3, with a spindle head in particular being seen as part of the rotor unit 3 in Figure 1.
  • the stator unit 2 has, for example, a ring 4 on which, for example, a sensor head or Sensor 5 is attached in the form of an axial sensor.
  • the rotor unit 3 includes z. B. a measuring ring or Sensor element 6 made of a metal here is advantageously made of a paramagnetic material.
  • the axial vision sensor or Sensor 5 is arranged so that it measures a distance to an end face of the rotor unit 3 .
  • the axial sensor or Sensor 5 is e.g. B. designed as an eddy current sensor in order to be able to obtain measurements that are as accurate as possible despite any contamination.
  • the sensor head/axial sensor or Sensor 5 is connected, for example, to an electronic unit 7; Both together form a testing device 8, which in turn is connected to a machine control 9, so that the control can be intervened in the event of excessive axial runout errors.
  • the stator unit 2 includes, for example, a cover 10 for the sensor ring 4 and further a bearing cover 11. At the A tool clamping device 12 is attached to the rotor unit 3 (the cone ring is shown in FIG. 1).
  • FIG 2 three different variants of spindles according to the prior art are shown schematically, with an electromagnetic drive system 120 being arranged on the one hand between a so-called front spindle bearing 121 and a so-called rear spindle bearing 122 (see Figure 2a)) or behind the so-called .
  • rear spindle bearing 122 see Figure 2b) or by means of a coupling unit 126 again behind the so-called rear spindle bearing 122 (see Figure 2c)).
  • the spindle bearings 121, 122 are provided for supporting the rotatable rotor unit 3 or rotor shaft 105 or spindle shaft 105.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show two further variants according to the prior art, with a motor spindle 3 of a machine tool being shown in section.
  • a motor spindle 3 of a machine tool being shown in section.
  • one side of a collet 1 with several clamping segments 2 is shown in the unstressed state (part almost not shown) and in the clamped state of the motor spindle 3 or the collet 101 or the spindle head 1.
  • a sensor 104 can be seen in the illustrated, clamped part of the motor spindle 3 in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • this sensor 104 has a radially aligned effective range and in Figure 4, an effective range aligned in the axis of rotation D.
  • a radial sensor 104 is shown in FIG. 3 and an axial sensor 104 is shown in FIG. 4.
  • there is an optionally usable second or third sensor cannot be seen, since these, if used, would be/are arranged offset in the circumferential direction, in particular by 90° or 180° etc., and are therefore not visible in the sectional representations.
  • Air gap 109 between the rotor unit or spindle shaft 105 and a stator unit 100 with the radial sensor 104 is the target state and a change due to force/changes in the area of the spindle head 1 of the detected actual displacement and/or deformation or the actual state is advantageously used to check/control the motor spindle or
  • Rotor unit 3 used.
  • an axially aligned deformation of a measuring arm 111 with the axial sensor 104 or an axial change A in the distance 109 can be detected and further processed.
  • This axial change A is in turn caused by a force/change F on the tool 50 or on/in the spindle head 1 or axial and/or radial deformation/change on the tool 50 or spindle head 1, which is transmitted to the tool receiving unit 108 and on the element 106 and thus finally on the measuring arm 111 or its detectable sensor area/distance 109.
  • Various weakening structures 30, 31 are present.
  • a sensor element 6 or A sensor surface of the sensor element 6 that is spaced apart from the sensor 5 and can be detected is arranged on/on the measuring ring 106 or, if necessary. formed in one piece with the measuring ring 106, which can be rotated about the axis of rotation D.
  • the measuring ring 106 is fixed with a threaded ring 125, esp. against the front bearing 121 or its inner ring pressed.
  • a recess 30 is provided, which acts as a groove in the rotor shaft 105 or Spindle shaft 105 is formed and is covered by the measuring ring 106.
  • a recess 30 is provided, which is designed as a groove in the measuring ring 106 and is realized as an open groove.
  • a recess 30 is provided, which is designed as a groove in the measuring ring 106 and from the rotor shaft 105 or Spindle shaft 105 is covered.
  • a recess in the measuring ring 106 is provided as a projection 31, on which the sensor element 6 or the detectable sensor surface of the sensor element 6 is arranged at a distance from the sensor 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention propose une unité de machine-outil qui est entraînée par un moteur avec une unité de stator (2) et une unité de rotor (3) composée d'au moins un arbre de rotor (105) et qui peut tourner autour d'un axe de rotation (D), l'unité de rotor (3) comprenant au moins une unité de support d'outil avec un dispositif de serrage d'outil pour fixer et serrer une tige d'outil fixable de manière amovible d'un outil (50), au moins un capteur d'outil (5) pour détecter le chargement de l'outil (50) étant fourni, au moins un système d'entraînement électromagnétique étant fourni, laquelle unité de machine-outil a une précision améliorée et/ou laquelle unité de machine-outil peut améliorer la précision de l'usinage à l'aide de la machine-outil correspondante. Selon l'invention, cela est possible grâce au fait qu'au moins une structure d'affaiblissement (30) est prévue entre le capteur d'outil (5) et l'axe de rotation (D), afin d'augmenter une déviation mécanique dans le cas d'un chargement de l'outil (50) et/ou dans le cas d'une situation de charge modifiée de l'unité de rotor (3) ou de parties de celle-ci.
PCT/EP2022/085148 2022-08-11 2022-12-09 Unité de machine-outil dotée d'un capteur d'outil pour détecter le chargement d'un outil WO2024032920A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022120372.7A DE102022120372A1 (de) 2022-08-11 2022-08-11 Werkzeugmaschineneinheit mit einem Werkzeugsensor zur Erfassung der Belastung eines Werkzeuges
DE102022120372.7 2022-08-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024032920A1 true WO2024032920A1 (fr) 2024-02-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2022/085148 WO2024032920A1 (fr) 2022-08-11 2022-12-09 Unité de machine-outil dotée d'un capteur d'outil pour détecter le chargement d'un outil

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102022120372A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024032920A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3834090A1 (de) * 1987-10-13 1989-04-27 Sandvik Ab Kraftsensor
EP1889685B1 (fr) 2006-08-16 2010-03-31 Grob-Werke GmbH & Co. KG Machine de traitement avec un dispositif de surveillance
EP2210700A1 (fr) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-28 Ott-Jakob Spanntechnik GmbH Dispositif radar de surveillance de la position d'un objet ou d'un élément de machine
DE202015001082U1 (de) * 2015-02-06 2015-02-24 Deckel Maho Pfronten Gmbh Spindelvorrichtung für eine programmgesteuerte Werkzeugmaschine
WO2017009414A1 (fr) * 2015-07-14 2017-01-19 Franz Kessler Gmbh Unité machine-outil comprenant un dispositif de serrage d'outil
DE102018122027A1 (de) * 2018-09-10 2020-03-12 Rüdiger Schenke Spannsystem mit Kraftmessung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3834090A1 (de) * 1987-10-13 1989-04-27 Sandvik Ab Kraftsensor
EP1889685B1 (fr) 2006-08-16 2010-03-31 Grob-Werke GmbH & Co. KG Machine de traitement avec un dispositif de surveillance
EP2210700A1 (fr) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-28 Ott-Jakob Spanntechnik GmbH Dispositif radar de surveillance de la position d'un objet ou d'un élément de machine
DE202015001082U1 (de) * 2015-02-06 2015-02-24 Deckel Maho Pfronten Gmbh Spindelvorrichtung für eine programmgesteuerte Werkzeugmaschine
WO2017009414A1 (fr) * 2015-07-14 2017-01-19 Franz Kessler Gmbh Unité machine-outil comprenant un dispositif de serrage d'outil
DE102018122027A1 (de) * 2018-09-10 2020-03-12 Rüdiger Schenke Spannsystem mit Kraftmessung

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