WO2024032757A1 - 一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆 - Google Patents

一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024032757A1
WO2024032757A1 PCT/CN2023/112494 CN2023112494W WO2024032757A1 WO 2024032757 A1 WO2024032757 A1 WO 2024032757A1 CN 2023112494 W CN2023112494 W CN 2023112494W WO 2024032757 A1 WO2024032757 A1 WO 2024032757A1
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Prior art keywords
shielding
cable
conductive layer
conductor
thickness
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PCT/CN2023/112494
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王超
Original Assignee
长春捷翼汽车科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024032757A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024032757A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of cables, and more specifically, to a cable with a shielded structure.
  • this shielding effect has the following shortcomings: on the one hand, the shielding effect has certain limitations and it is difficult to meet the high electromagnetic shielding efficiency requirements such as Tempest. On the other hand, it is difficult to achieve broadband shielding. This structure can only have good shielding performance in certain frequency bands, and it is difficult to achieve comprehensive electromagnetic shielding. Various types of electromagnetic waves may exist at the same time in the same environment.
  • One purpose of this application is to provide a new technical solution for cables with a shielded structure.
  • a cable with a shielded structure including at least one conductor.
  • Each of the conductors includes a conductor and an insulation layer surrounding the conductor.
  • the shielding structure surrounds the conductor.
  • an outer sheath is provided on the periphery of the shielding structure.
  • the shielding structure includes at least one shielding combination.
  • the shielding combination includes an inner conductive layer, an outer conductive layer and a matrix layer. The inner conductive layer is provided on the The inner surface of the matrix layer, and the outer conductive layer is disposed on the outer surface of the matrix layer.
  • the shielding structure has two groups of shielding combinations
  • a metal foil is placed between the two shielding combinations and the two shielding combinations are arranged coaxially.
  • the thickness of the inner conductive layer is 0.03 mm ⁇ 1 mm
  • the thickness of the matrix layer is 0.2 mm ⁇ 1.4 mm
  • the thickness of the outer conductive layer is 0.1 mm ⁇ 0.7 mm.
  • the thickness of the shield combination close to the conductor is smaller than the thickness of the shield combination away from the conductor.
  • the thickness of the metal foil is 0.06 mm to 1 mm.
  • the metal foil is arranged in a spiral winding manner.
  • the inner conductive layer and the outer conductive layer are both made of conductive paint;
  • the conductive paint includes synthetic resin, conductive fillers, solvents and additives;
  • the conductive fillers are made of gold, silver, copper, Nickel, titanium, tin, aluminum, cadmium, zirconium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, zinc, phosphorus, tellurium, beryllium, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver or silver gold zirconium
  • the additive is a silane coupling agent or a titanate coupling agent.
  • the matrix layer is made of plastic, foamed polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, amorphous fluoropolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene resin, fluoropolymer foam resin, fluoropolymer resin, perfluoroalkane Oxygen-based resin or Al/Cu-Zn carbon fiber.
  • the cable further has an inner sheath, the inner sheath is set around the inner periphery of the outer sheath, and the shielding structure is provided between the inner sheath and the outer sheath.
  • one of the shielding structures is set around the outer circumference of each conductor, and/or a set of the shielding structures is set around the inner circumference of the inner sheath.
  • both metal foil and conductive paint can effectively Causes electromagnetic waves to be reflected in the shielding structure to reduce electromagnetic radiation in the low frequency band;
  • High-frequency electromagnetic radiation is mainly attenuated by absorption. Therefore, in high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, the composition of conductive paint can be controlled to make the conductive paint absorb high-frequency electromagnetic waves, thereby shielding high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, so that it can be used according to the characteristic scenarios. Use the frequency band to design a reasonable shielding combination to reduce the impact of electromagnetic radiation interference.
  • a cable with a shielding structure in this application can better reduce the impact of external electromagnetic waves on the control lines or signal lines inside the cable, and shield the cable from the radiation generated by the cable during use. Electromagnetic interference to prevent external control devices from being affected by electromagnetic interference.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable with a shielding structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present application
  • FIGS 2 and 3 are schematic structural diagrams of the shielding structure in this application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable with a shielding structure according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable with a shielding structure according to the third embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable with a shielding structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable with a shielding structure according to the fifth embodiment of the present application.
  • any specific values are to be construed as illustrative only and not as limiting. Accordingly, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
  • a cable with a shielded structure includes at least one conductor 1.
  • Each conductor 1 includes a conductor and an insulation layer set around the conductor (the conductor is shown as a whole in the figure). (the conductors and insulation layers are not respectively shown), the shielding structure 2 is sleeved with the wire 1, and an outer sheath 3 is provided around the shielding structure 2.
  • the shielding structure 2 includes at least one shielding combination, and the shielding combination includes an inner conductive layer 21, and an outer sheath 3.
  • Conductive layer 23 and matrix layer 22 the inner conductive layer 21 is disposed on the inner surface of the matrix layer 22, and the outer conductive layer 23 is disposed on the outer surface of the matrix layer 22.
  • the material of the inner conductive layer 21 and the outer conductive layer 23 is conductive paint, and the material of the matrix layer 22 is plastic.
  • conductive paint i.e. electromagnetic shielding paint
  • plastic Since electromagnetic waves use reflection attenuation as the main attenuation method in the low frequency band, the conductive paint can effectively This causes the electromagnetic waves to be reflected in the shielding structure 2 and reduce the electromagnetic radiation in the low frequency band.
  • the conductor 1 includes a conductor and an insulating layer wrapped around the conductor.
  • the conductor and the insulating layer are not differentiated in the drawing.
  • both the metal foil 24 and the conductive paint can Effectively causing electromagnetic waves to be reflected in the shielding structure 2 to reduce electromagnetic radiation in the low-frequency band; while high-frequency electromagnetic radiation is mainly attenuated by absorption, so in high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, the composition of the conductive paint can be controlled to make the conductive paint absorb high Frequency electromagnetic waves can be used to shield high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, so that a reasonable shielding combination can be designed according to the frequency band of the characteristic scenario to reduce the impact of electromagnetic radiation interference.
  • the cable with a shielding structure in this application can better reduce the impact of external electromagnetic waves on the control line 5 or signal line inside the cable, and shield the electromagnetic interference generated during use of the cable. Avoid affecting external control devices.
  • the interior of a cable with a shielded structure can include multiple conductors, control wires 5 and filler wires 6, making full use of the internal space of the cable and increasing the functions of the cable.
  • a liquid cooling tube can also be added inside the cable to increase the current carrying capacity of the wire.
  • Electromagnetic waves are a form of matter. The electromagnetic transmission process does not require the help of other substances. The electromagnetic waves themselves are the carriers of matter. Its energy is:
  • d is the electrode spacing (oxide film thickness).
  • d is the electrode spacing (oxide film thickness).
  • the dielectric constant remains unchanged, reducing the oxide film thickness (d decreases), compared with simply using metal foil for shielding, the capacitance will increase, the conductivity will be enhanced, and the shielding The effect increases.
  • part of the electromagnetic waves will be reflected due to the difference in wave impedance between the conductive materials and the air medium, and the momentum density will change.
  • the thickness of the inner conductive layer 21 is 0.03 mm ⁇ 1 mm
  • the thickness of the matrix layer 22 is 0.2 mm ⁇ 1.4 mm
  • the thickness of the outer conductive layer 23 is 0.1 mm ⁇ 0.7 mm.
  • the thickness of the inner conductive layer 21 is less than 0.03mm, an open circuit will occur in the inner conductive layer 21 within 5,000 bends of the cable, resulting in the inability to conduct the induced current generated by electromagnetic radiation in a timely manner, causing the inner conductive layer 21 to lose its shielding efficacy.
  • the thickness of the inner conductive layer 21 is greater than 1 mm, the inner conductive layer 21 will separate from the plastic as the matrix layer 22 within 5,000 times of bending of the cable. Therefore, the thickness of the inner conductive layer 21 selected by the inventor is 0.03 mm. ⁇ 1mm.
  • the thickness of the matrix layer 22 is less than 0.2mm, the matrix layer 22 is easily broken when the bending radius of the cable is 5 times the diameter of the cable; and when the thickness of the matrix layer 22 is greater than 1.4mm, the minimum diameter of the cable The bending radius cannot reach 5 times the diameter of the cable, so the thickness of the matrix layer 22 selected by the inventor is 0.2 mm to 1.4 mm.
  • the thickness of the outer conductive layer 23 is less than 0.1mm, an open circuit will occur in the outer conductive layer 23 within 5,000 bends of the cable, resulting in the inability to conduct the induced current generated by electromagnetic radiation in a timely manner, causing the outer conductive layer 23 to lose its shielding efficacy.
  • the thickness of the outer conductive layer 23 is greater than 0.7mm, the outer conductive layer 23 will separate from the plastic as the matrix layer 22 within the number of bends of the cable 5000 times. Therefore, the thickness of the outer conductive layer 23 selected by the inventor is 0.1 mm ⁇ 0.7mm.
  • the thickness of the inner conductive layer 21 is 0.03mm ⁇ 1mm
  • the thickness of the matrix layer 22 is 0.2mm ⁇ 0.7mm
  • the thickness of the outer conductive layer 23 is 0.1mm ⁇ 0.5mm
  • the thickness of the inner conductive layer 21 is 0.2mm ⁇ 0.5mm
  • the thickness of the matrix layer 22 is 0.7mm ⁇ 1.4mm
  • the thickness of the outer conductive layer 23 is 0.5mm ⁇ 0.7mm.
  • the thickness of the shielding combination close to the conductor 1 is smaller than the thickness of the shielding combination far away from the conductor 1 .
  • the structure of the shielding combination close to conductor 1 and the shielding combination far away from conductor 1 deforms and bends, causing the shielding combination close to conductor 1 to bend.
  • the thickness of the shielding combination of 1 is smaller than the thickness of the shielding combination far away from the conductor 1, which is called an asymmetric structure.
  • This asymmetric structure has high stiffness and strong resistance to deformation. The asymmetric structure can reduce the tensile and torsional deformation caused by the force of the shielding combination and increase the Great material life.
  • the thickness of the metal foil 24 is 0.06mm ⁇ 1mm.
  • the thickness of the metal foil 24 by setting the thickness of the metal foil 24 to 0.06 mm to 1 mm, when the thickness of the metal foil 24 is less than 0.06 mm, the bending radius of the cable is bent to five times the diameter of the cable. , the metal foil 24 is damaged; and when the thickness of the metal foil 24 is greater than 1 mm, the bending radius of the cable cannot be reduced to five times the cable diameter, so the inventor prefers that the thickness of the metal foil 24 is 0.06 mm ⁇ 1mm.
  • the metal foil 24 is arranged in a spiral winding manner.
  • the metal foil 24 is arranged between the two shielding combinations in a spirally wound manner, which can reflect low-frequency electromagnetic waves and reduce the electromagnetic radiation to the outside world during the use of the cable.
  • the materials of the inner conductive layer 21 and the outer conductive layer 23 are both conductive paint;
  • the conductive paint includes synthetic resin, conductive fillers, solvents and additives;
  • the material of the conductive filler Contains gold, silver, copper, nickel, titanium, tin, aluminum, cadmium, zirconium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, zinc, phosphorus, tellurium, beryllium, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, One or more of graphene silver or silver gold zirconium alloy;
  • the additive is silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent.
  • both the inner conductive layer 21 and the outer conductive layer 23 are made of conductive paint
  • the conductive paint is a paint containing conductive fillers.
  • the conductive fillers are made of gold, silver, copper, nickel, titanium, tin, aluminum, One or more of cadmium, zirconium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, zinc, phosphorus, tellurium, beryllium, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver or silver-gold-zirconium alloy;
  • Conductive paint is a functional paint that is mixed with conductive fillers in chemical solvents and can be sprayed on non-metallic materials to shield electromagnetic waves.
  • Coatings containing conductive fillers have conductive properties, that is, they have shielding functions. The biggest advantages are low cost, simple and practical, and wide application. The most commonly used silver conductive coating is also the earliest developed.
  • mixed conductors refer to a type of conductor in which ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity coexist. Also called mixed ion-electron conductor, it is a type of solid material between ionic conductors and electronic conductors. It has both ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity. Practical mixed conductors have fairly high ionic and electronic conductivities.
  • the material of the matrix layer 22 includes plastic, foamed polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, amorphous fluoropolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene resin, fluoropolymer Foam resin, fluoropolymer resin, perfluoroalkoxy resin or Al/Cu-Zn carbon fiber.
  • plastic foamed polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, amorphous fluoropolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene resin, fluoropolymer Foam resin, fluoropolymer resin, perfluoroalkoxy resin or Al/Cu-Zn carbon fiber.
  • the cable also has an inner sheath 4, which is set around the inner periphery of the outer sheath 4, and the inner sheath 4 and A shielding structure 2 is provided between the outer sheaths 3 .
  • the stability of the shielding structure 2 can also be increased, reducing the interference of external electromagnetic radiation to the control system set inside the cable, and minimizing the impact of electromagnetic radiation generated on the cable during use. interference from other control systems.
  • a set of shielding structures 2 is set around the outer circumference of each conductor 1 , and/or a set of shielding structures 2 is set around the inner circumference of the inner sheath 4 .
  • the interference of external electromagnetic radiation on the control system set up inside the cable can be minimized, and the electromagnetic radiation generated during the use of the cable can be minimized. Interference from control systems other than cables.
  • the three sets of shielding combinations in Figure 4 can arbitrarily replace the shielding structure 2 in Figure 2 or Figure 3.

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  • Communication Cables (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆，包括至少一根导线（1），每一导线（1）包括导体和导体外周套设的绝缘层，屏蔽结构（2）套设至少导线（1），屏蔽结构（2）外周设置有外护套（3），屏蔽结构（2）包括至少一组屏蔽组合，屏蔽组合包括内导电层（21），外导电层（23）和基质层（22），内导电层（21）设置在基质层（22）内表面，外导电层（23）设置在基质层（22）外表面，可以更好的减小外部电磁波对线缆内部的控制线或信号线的影响，以及，屏蔽掉线缆在使用过程中，线缆产生的电磁干扰，避免外部的控制装置受到电磁干扰的影响。

Description

一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆
相关申请
本申请要求于2022年08月12日递交的申请号为202210971955.6的中国专利申请的优先权，并引用上述专利申请公开的内容作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本申请涉及线缆技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆。
背景技术
近年来，随着新能源汽车行业的迅猛发展，对屏蔽线缆的EMC(电磁兼容)要求不断提高，互连线缆是效率很高的电磁辐射发射天线，又是效率很高的电磁辐射敏感度接收天线。理论与工程实践表明，大部分系统不满足EMC(电磁兼容)辐射测试试验标准或者对周围的机电设备产生辐射电磁干扰，均可归因于线缆产生的电磁辐射所致。因此如何针对线缆进行有效的电磁屏蔽是当下需要急切解决的问题。当前屏蔽主要采用单层或多层金属编制网进行屏蔽，但此屏蔽效应有以下不足：一方面屏蔽效应有一定局限性，难以满足Tempest等高电磁屏蔽效能要求，另一方面难以实现宽频屏蔽，此结构只能在某些频段内有较好的屏蔽效能，同时难以实现综合电磁屏蔽，各种类型的电磁波在同一环境中可能同时存在。
发明内容
本申请的一个目的是提供一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆的新技术方案。
根据本申请的第一方面，提供了一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆，包括至少一根导线，每一所述导线包括导体和所述导体外周套设的绝缘层，所述屏蔽结构套设所述导线，所述屏蔽结构外周设置有外护套，所述屏蔽结构包括至少一组屏蔽组合，所述屏蔽组合包括内导电层，外导电层和基质层，所述内导电层设置在所述基质层内表面，所述外导电层设置在所述基质层外表面。
可选地，所述屏蔽结构具有两组所述屏蔽组合时，两所述屏蔽组合之间设置金属箔片且两所述屏蔽组合同轴设置。
可选地，所述内导电层的厚度为0.03mm～1mm，所述基质层的厚度为0.2mm～1.4mm，所述外导电层的厚度为0.1mm～0.7mm。
可选地，靠近所述导线的所述屏蔽组合厚度小于远离所述导线的所述屏蔽组合的厚度。
可选地，所述金属箔片的厚度为0.06mm～1mm。
可选地，所述金属箔片以螺旋缠绕方式设置。
可选地，所述内导电层与所述外导电层的材质均为导电涂料；所述导电涂料包含合成树脂，导电填料，溶剂和添加剂；所述导电填料的材质含有金、银、铜、镍、钛、锡、铝、镉、锆、铬、钴、锰、锌、磷、碲、铍、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银或银金锆合金中的一种或几种；所述添加剂为硅烷偶联剂或者钛酸酯偶联剂。
可选地，所述基质层的材质含有塑料、泡沫聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯树脂、无定形氟聚物、氟化乙烯丙烯树脂、氟聚物泡沫树脂、氟聚物树脂、全氟烷氧基树脂或者Al/Cu-Zn碳纤维。
可选地，所述线缆还具有内护套，所述内护套套设在所述外护套内周，所述内护套和所述外护套之间设置所述屏蔽结构。
可选地，每一所述导线外周套设一所述屏蔽结构，和/或，所述内护套内周套设一组所述屏蔽结构。
根据本公开的一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆，具有如下技术效果：
通过将电磁屏蔽涂料与塑料复合形成屏蔽组合，以及在两组该屏蔽组合之间设置金属箔片，由于电磁波在低频段以反射衰减为主要衰减方式，所以金属箔片和导电涂料均能有效的使得电磁波在屏蔽结构中产生反射降低低频段的电磁辐射；
而高频段电磁辐射主要以吸收方式为衰减主要方式，所以在高频道电磁辐射可以通过控制导电涂料成分，使得导电涂料吸收高频段电磁波，以此屏蔽掉高频段电磁辐射，从而可以根据使用特征场景的频段来设计合理的屏蔽组合，达到减少电磁辐射干扰的影响。
本申请中一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆，可以更好的减小外部电磁波对线缆内部的控制线或信号线的影响，以及，屏蔽掉该线缆在使用过程中，该线缆产生的电磁干扰，避免外部的控制装置受到电磁干扰的影响。
通过以下参照附图对本申请的示例性实施例的详细描述，本申请的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本申请的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本申请的原理。
图1为本申请中优选实施例的具有屏蔽结构的线缆的结构示意图；
图2和图3为本申请中屏蔽结构的结构示意图；
图4为本申请中第二实施例的具有屏蔽结构的线缆的结构示意图；
图5为本申请中第三实施例的具有屏蔽结构的线缆的结构示意图；
图6为本申请中第四实施例的具有屏蔽结构的线缆的结构示意图；
图7为本申请中第五实施例的具有屏蔽结构的线缆的结构示意图。
图中标示如下：
1-导线；2-屏蔽结构；21-内导电层；22-基质层；23-外导电层；24-金属箔片；3-外护套；
4-内护套；5-控制线；6-填充线。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本申请的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
根据本公开一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆，如图4至图7所示，包括至少一根导线1，每一导线1包括导体和导体外周套设的绝缘层(图中将导线作为整体示出，未分别示出导体和绝缘层)，屏蔽结构2套设导线1，屏蔽结构2外周设置有外护套3，屏蔽结构2包括至少一组屏蔽组合，屏蔽组合包括内导电层21，外导电层23和基质层22，内导电层21设置在基质层22内表面，外导电层23设置在基质层22外表面。
可选地，内导电层21和外导电层23的材质为导电涂料，基质层22的材质为塑料。
具体实施时，如图1和图6所示，通过将导电涂料(即:电磁屏蔽涂料)与塑料复合形成屏蔽组合，由于电磁波在低频段以反射衰减为主要衰减方式，所以导电涂料能有效的使得电磁波在屏蔽结构2中产生反射降低低频段的电磁辐射。
另外，本申请的附图中的，导线1包括导体和导体外周套设的绝缘层，图中未区别示出导体和绝缘层。
根据本公开一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆的一实施例中，如图5和图7所示，屏蔽结构2具有两组屏蔽组合时，其中一组屏蔽组合套设在另一组屏蔽组合外，两屏蔽组合之间设置金属箔片24且两屏蔽组合同轴设置。
通过将电磁屏蔽涂料与塑料复合形成屏蔽组合，以及在两组该屏蔽组合之间设置金属箔片24，由于电磁波在低频段以反射衰减为主要衰减方式，所以金属箔片24和导电涂料均能有效的使得电磁波在屏蔽结构2中产生反射降低低频段的电磁辐射；而高频段电磁辐射主要以吸收方式为衰减主要方式，所以在高频道电磁辐射可以通过控制导电涂料成分，使得导电涂料吸收高频段电磁波，以此屏蔽掉高频段电磁辐射，从而可以根据使用特征场景的频段来设计合理的屏蔽组合，达到减少电磁辐射干扰的影响。
本申请中一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆，可以更好的减小外部电磁波对线缆内部的控制线5或信号线的影响，以及，屏蔽掉该线缆在使用过程中产生的电磁干扰，避免影响外部的控制装置。
如图7所示，一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆的内部可以包括多根导线，控制线5和填充线6，充分利用线缆内部空间，增加线缆的功能。另外，也可以在线缆内部增设液冷管，以增大导线的载流能力。
电磁波是物质的一种形态，电磁传递过程无需借助其它物质来传递，电磁波本身就是物质承担者，其能量：
动量密度：
由于金属箔片(铝箔)表面存在天然氧化膜，其电容量可表示为：
其中d为电极间距(氧化膜厚度)，在介电常数不变的情况下，减少氧化膜厚度(d减少)，相比单纯用金属箔片进行屏蔽，电容会增大，导电性增强，屏蔽效果增大。当电磁波与导电材料相遇，由于导电材料中的波阻抗与空气介质不同会使部分电磁波被反射，动量密度发生改变。
进一步的，内导电层21的厚度为0.03mm～1mm，基质层22的厚度为0.2mm～1.4mm，外导电层23的厚度为0.1mm～0.7mm。
具体实施时，内导电层21与外导电层23为导电涂料，以及基质层22为塑料的情况下，测试出的内导电层21厚度，基质层22的厚度以及外导电层23的厚度的范围，线缆弯折次数超过5000次为合格值。
内导电层21的厚度小于0.03mm时，在线缆弯折次数5000次以内，内导电层21中就会出现断路，导致不能将电磁辐射产生的感应电流及时导出，使得内导电层21失去屏蔽效能。
内导电层21的厚度大于1mm时，在线缆弯折次数5000次以内，内导电层21就会与作为基质层22的塑料分离，所以，发明人选择的内导电层21的厚度为0.03mm～1mm。
基质层22的厚度在小于0.2mm时，在将线缆的折弯半径为线缆直径的5倍时，基质层22容易断裂；而在基质层22的厚度大于1.4mm时，线缆的最小折弯半径无法达到线缆直径的5倍，所以，发明人选择的基质层22的厚度为0.2mm～1.4mm。
外导电层23的厚度小于0.1mm时，在线缆弯折次数5000次以内，外导电层23中就会出现断路，导致不能将电磁辐射产生的感应电流及时导出，使得外导电层23失去屏蔽效能。
外导电层23的厚度大于0.7mm时，在线缆弯折次数5000次以内，外导电层23就会与作为基质层22的塑料分离，所以，发明人选择的外导电层23的厚度为0.1mm～0.7mm。
具体实施时，靠近导线1的屏蔽组合中，内导电层21的厚度为0.03mm～1mm，基质层22的厚度为0.2mm～0.7mm，外导电层23的厚度0.1mm～0.5mm；
远离导线1的屏蔽组合中，内导电层21的厚度为0.2mm～0.5mm，基质层22的厚度为0.7mm～1.4mm，外导电层23的厚度0.5mm～0.7mm。
进一步的，靠近导线1的屏蔽组合厚度小于远离导线1的屏蔽组合的厚度。在线缆外侧受到冲击时，由于靠近导线1的屏蔽组合厚度小于远离导线1的屏蔽组合的厚度，靠近导线1的屏蔽组合与远离导线1的屏蔽组合的结构变形弯曲，将此处的靠近导线1的屏蔽组合厚度小于远离导线1的屏蔽组合的厚度称为不对称结构，此种不对称结构刚度大，抵抗变形能力强，不对称结构可以降低屏蔽组合受力产生的拉伸扭转变形，增大材料使用寿命。
发明人选择靠近导线1的屏蔽组合厚度与远离导线1的屏蔽组合的厚度的比值为1:3～1:7。
进一步的，金属箔片24的厚度为0.06mm～1mm。
具体实施时，通过将金属箔片24的厚度设置在0.06mm～1mm，在金属箔片24的厚度小于0.06mm的情况下，在将线缆的折弯半径折弯到线缆直径的五倍时，金属箔片24损坏；而在金属箔片24的厚度大于1mm的情况下，线缆的折弯半径无法降低到线缆直径的五倍，所以发明人优选金属箔片24的厚度为0.06mm～1mm。
进一步的，金属箔片24以螺旋缠绕方式设置。
具体实施时，金属箔片24以螺旋缠绕的方式，设置在两层屏蔽组合之间，可反射掉低频段电磁波，降低线缆在使用过程中对外界的电磁辐射。
根据本公开一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆的一实施例中，内导电层21与外导电层23的材质均为导电涂料；导电涂料包含合成树脂，导电填料，溶剂和添加剂；导电填料的材质含有金、银、铜、镍、钛、锡、铝、镉、锆、铬、钴、锰、锌、磷、碲、铍、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银或银金锆合金中一种或几种；添加剂为硅烷偶联剂或者钛酸酯 偶联剂。
在一些实施例中，内导电层21与外导电层23的材质均为导电涂料、导电涂料为包含导电填料的涂料，导电填料的材质为金、银、铜、镍、钛、锡、铝、镉、锆、铬、钴、锰、锌、磷、碲、铍、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银或银金锆合金中一种或几种；导电涂料是一种在化学溶剂中掺入导电填料，并能喷涂于非金属材料上，对电磁波进行屏蔽的功能性涂料。具有室温固化、附着力强的优点，含有导电填料的涂料具有导电性能，即具有屏蔽功能，最大优点是成本低，简单实用且适用面广，使用最多的是银系导电涂料，也是开发最早的品种之一。其中，混合导体是指离子导电和电子导电同时存在的一类导体。又叫混合离子-电子导体，是介于离子导体和电子导体之间的一类固体材料，它同时兼有离子导电性和电子导电性。有实用价值的混合导体的离子电导率和电子电导率都相当高。
根据本公开一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆的一实施例中，基质层22的材质含有塑料、泡沫聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯树脂,无定形氟聚物，氟化乙烯丙烯树脂，氟聚物泡沫树脂，氟聚物树脂,全氟烷氧基树脂或者Al/Cu-Zn碳纤维。相比于金属丝编织形成的屏蔽组合，具有重量轻，成本低的特点。
根据本公开一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆的一实施例中，如图4所示，线缆还具有内护套4，内护套4套设在外护套4内周，内护套4和外护套3之间设置屏蔽结构2。
具体实施时，通过在外护套3与导线1之间设置内护套4，可增强线缆的强度，延长线缆的使用寿命；同时，通过将屏蔽结构2设置在内护套3和外护套4之间，也可增加屏蔽结构2的稳定性，降低外界的电磁辐射对线缆内部设置的控制系统的干扰，以及，最大限度的降低线缆在使用过程中产生的电磁辐射对线缆以外的控制系统的干扰。
进一步的，如图4所示，每一导线1外周套设一组屏蔽结构2，和/或，内护套4内周套设一组屏蔽结构2。
具体实施时，通过设置多组屏蔽结构2，可最大限度的降低外界的电磁辐射对线缆内部设置的控制系统的干扰，以及，最大限度的降低线缆在使用过程中产生的电磁辐射对线缆以外的控制系统的干扰。图4中的三组屏蔽组合可以任意替换图2或者图3中的屏蔽结构2。
虽然已经通过例子对本申请的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本申请的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本申请的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本申请的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，包括至少一根导线，每一所述导线包括导体和所述导体外周套设的绝缘层，所述屏蔽结构套设所述导线，所述屏蔽结构外周设置有外护套，所述屏蔽结构包括至少一组屏蔽组合，所述屏蔽组合包括内导电层，外导电层和基质层，所述内导电层设置在所述基质层内表面，所述外导电层设置在所述基质层外表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，所述屏蔽结构具有两组所述屏蔽组合时，两所述屏蔽组合之间设置金属箔片且两所述屏蔽组合同轴设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，所述内导电层的厚度为0.03mm～1mm，所述基质层的厚度为0.2mm～1.4mm，所述外导电层的厚度为0.1mm～0.7mm。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，靠近所述导线的所述屏蔽组合厚度小于远离所述导线的所述屏蔽组合的厚度。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，所述金属箔片的厚度为0.06mm～1mm。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，所述金属箔片以螺旋缠绕方式设置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，所述内导电层与所述外导电层的材质均为导电涂料；所述导电涂料包含合成树脂，导电填料，溶剂和添加剂；所述导电填料的材质含有金、银、铜、镍、钛、锡、铝、镉、锆、铬、钴、锰、锌、磷、碲、铍、锡铅合金、银锑合金、钯、钯镍合金、石墨银、石墨烯银或银金锆合金中的一种或几种；所述添加剂为硅烷偶联剂或者钛酸酯偶联剂。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，所述基质层的材质含有塑料、泡沫聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯树脂、无定形氟聚物、氟化乙烯丙烯树脂、氟聚物泡沫树脂、氟聚物树脂、全氟烷氧基树脂或者Al/Cu-Zn碳纤维。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，所述线缆还具有内护套，所述内护套套设在所述外护套内周，所述内护套和所述外护套之间设置所述屏蔽结构。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的具有屏蔽结构的线缆，其特征在于，每一所述导线外周套设一组所述屏蔽结构，和/或，所述内护套内周套设一组所述屏蔽结构。
PCT/CN2023/112494 2022-08-12 2023-08-11 一种具有屏蔽结构的线缆 WO2024032757A1 (zh)

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