WO2024031905A1 - 一种激光雷达以及机器人 - Google Patents

一种激光雷达以及机器人 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024031905A1
WO2024031905A1 PCT/CN2022/139880 CN2022139880W WO2024031905A1 WO 2024031905 A1 WO2024031905 A1 WO 2024031905A1 CN 2022139880 W CN2022139880 W CN 2022139880W WO 2024031905 A1 WO2024031905 A1 WO 2024031905A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
reflector
laser
shielding
protective cover
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/139880
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王兴兴
白晓阳
Original Assignee
杭州宇树科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202210955344.2A external-priority patent/CN115469293A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202222114215.9U external-priority patent/CN218122240U/zh
Application filed by 杭州宇树科技有限公司 filed Critical 杭州宇树科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024031905A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024031905A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J11/00—Manipulators not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of laser radar, and in particular, to a laser radar and a robot.
  • 3D lidar is widely used in industrial surveying and mapping, three-dimensional modeling, autonomous driving and other fields.
  • most of the existing 3D lidar is multi-threaded lidar, which is expensive.
  • Chinese patent CN113960566A discloses a 3D laser radar and a legged robot, which includes a vertical scanning unit and a horizontal rotation device that rotates the vertical scanning unit in the horizontal direction; the vertical scanning unit includes a mounting base, and a A laser receiving pole, a convex lens, a laser emitter, and a reflector on the mounting base.
  • the laser receiving pole is located at the focal position of the convex lens.
  • the laser emitter is located on the main optical axis of the convex lens.
  • the reflective body is rotatably installed on the mounting base, and the rotation center of the reflective body coincides with the main optical axis of the convex lens; the laser emitter emits a laser pulse signal, and the rotation of the reflective body It realizes scanning of the surrounding environment in the vertical plane, and can realize scanning of the three-dimensional environment through a horizontal rotating device equipped with a rotating motor.
  • the laser signal emitted by the laser emitter passes through the protective cover on the mounting base, the laser signal will be reflected, thereby affecting the reception of the laser signal by the laser receiver to the circuit.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a 3D lidar that provides a light-shielding cavity between the reflector and the protective cover to reduce the scattering and scattering of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective cover. Reflection improves the scanning effect of lidar.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a 3D laser radar whose light-shielding cavity always keeps the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the arc-shaped portion unchanged while following the rotation of the reflector, and the emitted laser signal is emitted within the protective cover. The scattering and reflection remain unchanged, thus making the lidar scanning results of the external environment more stable.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a lidar with good scanning effect, which is provided with a light-shielding cavity between the reflector and the protective shell to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective shell and improve the laser Radar scanning effect.
  • the fourth object of the present invention is to provide a laser radar and a robot with good scanning effect.
  • the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the arc-shaped part is always kept constant, and the emitted laser light
  • the scattering and reflection of the signal within the protective shell remain unchanged, thus making the lidar scanning results of the external environment more stable.
  • the fifth object of the present invention is to provide a legged robot equipped with a 3D lidar that has a light-shielding cavity between the reflector and the protective cover to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective cover. Improve the scanning effect of lidar.
  • the sixth object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning robot equipped with a 3D laser radar that is provided with a light-shielding cavity between the reflector and the protective cover to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective cover, thereby improving LiDAR scanning effect.
  • the first technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a 3D laser radar includes a vertical scanning unit, which includes a mounting base and a protective cover fixed on the mounting base;
  • a laser emission port Between the mounting base and the protective cover, a laser emission port, a convex lens, and a rotatable reflector are arranged horizontally in order.
  • the rotation axis of the reflector coincides with the main optical axis of the convex lens.
  • the laser emission The port is located on the main optical axis of the convex lens; the laser signal emitted horizontally by the laser emission port is reflected and rotated by the reflector to scan the peripheral environment in the vertical plane;
  • a light-shielding cavity is provided between the reflector and the protective cover.
  • the light-shielding cavity extends along the laser signal reflection direction and is arranged on the rotation axis of the reflector.
  • the protective cover is provided with a light-shielding cavity close to the The arc-shaped portion of the rotation trajectory of the end of the light-shielding cavity keeps the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the arc-shaped portion unchanged during the rotation process.
  • the present invention sets a light-shielding cavity between the reflector and the protective cover to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective cover, avoids interference with the laser signal on the circuit, and improves the efficiency of the laser.
  • the radar scanning effect is simple and practical in structure, low in manufacturing cost, good in user experience, and easy to promote and use.
  • the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the arc-shaped portion remains unchanged, and the scattering and reflection of the emitted laser signal in the protective cover remains unchanged. This makes the lidar scanning results of the external environment more stable.
  • a transverse light-shielding member is provided between the laser emission port and the reflector.
  • the transverse light-shielding member includes a first light-shielding member fixed on the main optical axis of the convex lens, a first light-shielding member directly fixed on the main optical axis of the convex lens, A second light-shielding element is mounted on the reflector and rotates following it.
  • the first light-shielding element is sleeved on the outside of the second light-shielding element; the transverse light-shielding element is connected with the light-shielding cavity, and the second light-shielding element is connected to the light-shielding cavity.
  • a light-shielding pad is provided at the part where the light-shielding cavity contacts the reflector.
  • the transverse light-shielding member is arranged as a structure in which the first light-shielding member and the second light-shielding member are separated, and the first light-shielding member is placed outside the second light-shielding member to prevent the emitted laser signal from being reflected on the second light-shielding member. Affects the scanning effect of lidar.
  • the vertical scanning unit includes a laser receiving pole located at the focus position of the convex lens, a first motor that drives the mirror to rotate, and a first encoder; the first encoder and the The reflector is concentrically fixedly connected, and the rotation information of the reflector is obtained through the first encoder; the laser emission port emits a laser signal, and drives the reflector to rotate through the first motor to achieve vertical alignment. Scanning of the surrounding environment in a plane.
  • the 3D laser radar includes a horizontal rotation device that drives the vertical scanning unit to rotate horizontally.
  • the horizontal rotation device includes an upper bottom case rotor, a lower bottom case and a rotor fixed in the lower bottom case.
  • the motor stator, the mounting base and the protective cover are fixed on the upper bottom case rotor and rotate with it.
  • a dynamic sealing structure is provided between the upper bottom case rotor and the lower bottom case.
  • the horizontal rotation device drives the vertical scanning unit to rotate in the horizontal direction, thereby realizing three-dimensional scanning by single-threaded lidar.
  • a dynamic sealing structure is installed to improve the overall waterproofness of the lidar and make its application scenarios wider.
  • a hollow wireless power transmission module is disposed concentrically between the upper bottom case rotor and the lower bottom case, and the vertical scanning unit is powered through the wireless power transmission module. Due to the relative rotation between the upper bottom case rotor and the lower bottom case, when power supply and signal transmission are required, a wireless power transmission module is used to replace traditional cables, which avoids fatigue damage to the cables during reciprocating rotation.
  • the upper bottom housing rotor is provided with through holes evenly along the same circle in the circumferential direction, and the through holes form a photoelectric code disk to obtain the rotation information of the upper bottom housing rotor, and then obtain the vertical scanning unit horizontal rotation information.
  • a magnetic steel sheet is fixed in the rotor of the upper bottom shell, the axial width of the magnetic steel sheet is greater than the axial width of the motor stator, and the upper edge of the magnetic steel sheet is higher than the motor.
  • the upper edge of the stator The design of this structure makes the magnetic steel sheet higher than the motor stator in the vertical direction, which can generate a large axial magnetic pulling force between the upper bottom housing rotor and the motor stator, so that the horizontal rotating device rotates more stably and reliably. This ensures that the upper bottom case rotor will not separate from the lower bottom case during rotation.
  • a base circuit board is fixed on the lower bottom case, and a wireless signal transmission component is concentrically arranged between the rotor of the upper bottom case and the lower bottom case, which uses optical communication to achieve wireless communication. ;
  • the vertical scanning unit realizes wireless communication with the base circuit board through the wireless signal transmission component.
  • the second technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a 3D lidar including a reflector used to reflect laser signals and capable of rotating, and a protective cover with an arc structure;
  • the light-shielding cavity is a cylindrical structure with an arc-shaped outer end and can rotate with the reflector;
  • the protective cover is provided with an arc-shaped portion for covering the light-shielding cavity
  • Part or all of the cross-sectional shape of the arc-shaped portion and the rotation trajectory of the outer end are concentric arcs, forming a constant spacing structure, so that during the rotation of the light-shielding cavity, its end and the arc-shaped portion The distance between them remains the same.
  • the present invention sets a light-shielding cavity between the reflector and the protective cover to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective cover, avoids interference with the laser signal on the circuit, and improves the efficiency of the laser.
  • the radar scanning effect is simple and practical in structure, low in manufacturing cost, good in user experience, and easy to promote and use.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the arcuate portion of the present invention and the rotation trajectory of the outer end are concentric arcs, thereby forming a constant spacing structure, so that the light-shielding cavity always maintains the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the mirror during rotation.
  • the distance of the arc-shaped portion remains unchanged, which in turn keeps the scattering and reflection of the laser signal within the protective cover unchanged, thereby making the lidar's scanning results of the external environment more stable.
  • the cylindrical structure is an L-shaped structure, its vertical section is used to receive the laser signal reflected from the reflector, and its lateral section is used to receive the laser signal emitted from the convex lens;
  • the vertical section extends toward the wall of the protective cover and is adjacent to the wall of the protective cover;
  • the convex lens is provided with a first light-shielding member
  • the first light-shielding member is set on the outside of the transverse section of the L-shaped structure.
  • the third technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a 3D lidar characterized by including a reflector for reflecting laser signals and capable of rotating, and a protective cover with an arc-shaped structure;
  • a light-shielding cavity is provided between the protective cover and the reflector; the light-shielding cavity is a cylindrical structure extending from the end of the reflector toward the wall of the protective cover.
  • the present invention sets a light-shielding cavity between the reflector and the protective cover to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective cover, avoids interference with the laser signal on the circuit, and improves the efficiency of the laser.
  • the radar scanning effect is simple and practical in structure, low in manufacturing cost, good in user experience, and easy to promote and use.
  • a reflector is an object capable of reflecting light, including but not limited to common reflectors or mirrors or reflective films or other reflective materials in the prior art.
  • the fourth technical solution of the present invention is:
  • It includes a laser transmitter for emitting laser signals, a reflective body for reflecting laser signals and capable of rotating, and a protective shell with an arc-shaped structure;
  • the protective shell is covered with a reflector
  • a light-shielding cavity is provided between the reflector and the protective shell;
  • the light-shielding cavity is a cylindrical member that extends from the end surface of the reflector toward the wall surface of the protective housing.
  • the present invention sets a light-shielding cavity between the reflector and the protective shell to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective shell, avoid interference with the laser signal on the circuit, and improve the
  • the scanning effect of lidar has a simple and practical structure, low manufacturing cost, good user experience, and is easy to promote and use.
  • the reflective body is a reflective mirror or reflective film or other reflective material.
  • the laser transmitter is arranged horizontally and is provided with a laser emission port;
  • the reflective body is provided with a reflective surface arranged obliquely;
  • the extension line of the laser emission port intersects with the reflective surface to achieve reflection of the laser signal.
  • the cylindrical member has an L-shaped structure, its vertical section is used to receive the laser signal reflected from the reflector, and its lateral section is used to receive the laser signal emitted from the convex lens;
  • the vertical section extends toward the wall surface of the protective housing and is adjacent to the wall surface of the protective housing.
  • the light-shielding cavity is provided with a transverse section in the horizontal direction to prevent the emitted laser signal from interfering with the laser signal of the loop, and will not leak into the internal space of the protective shell and interfere with the laser signal of the loop.
  • the convex lens is provided with a first light-shielding member, and a laser receiving electrode is provided at its focal position;
  • the first light-shielding member is set on the outside of the transverse section of the L-shaped structure to prevent the emitted laser signal from being reflected on the light-shielding cavity, thereby affecting the scanning effect of the lidar.
  • the fifth technical solution of the present invention is:
  • the cylindrical member is arranged on the rotation axis of the reflective body, the rotation track of its outer end is arc-shaped, and can rotate with the reflective body;
  • the protective shell is provided with an arc-shaped portion for covering the light-shielding cavity; part or all of the cross-sectional shape of the arc-shaped portion and the rotation trajectory of the outer end are concentric arcs, forming a structure with constant spacing. In this way, the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the arc-shaped portion remains unchanged during the rotation process.
  • the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the arc-shaped portion remains unchanged, and the scattering and reflection of the emitted laser signal in the protective shell remains unchanged, thereby making the laser
  • the radar's scanning results of the external environment are more stable.
  • the rotation axis of the reflector coincides with the main optical axis of the convex lens, and the laser emission port is located on the main optical axis of the convex lens; the laser signal emitted horizontally by the laser emission port passes through the reflective
  • the reflection and rotation of the body enable scanning of the surrounding environment in the vertical plane.
  • a transverse light-shielding member is provided between the laser emitter and the reflective body.
  • the transverse light-shielding member includes a first light-shielding member fixed on the main optical axis of the convex lens, directly fixed on the reflective body and following it.
  • a rotating second light-shielding part, the first light-shielding part being sleeved on the outside of the second light-shielding part;
  • the transverse light-shielding member is connected with the light-shielding cavity, and a light-shielding pad is provided at the location where the second light-shielding member, the light-shielding cavity, and the reflector are in contact.
  • the transverse light-shielding member is arranged as a structure in which the first light-shielding member and the second light-shielding member are separated, and the first light-shielding member is placed outside the second light-shielding member to prevent the emitted laser signal from being reflected on the second light-shielding member. Affects the scanning effect of lidar.
  • the sixth technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a robot uses the above-mentioned 3D laser radar to realize the robot's real-time scanning of its surrounding environment information
  • the robot is a legged robot or a cleaning robot.
  • the seventh technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a robot includes the above-mentioned lidar with good scanning effect; the robot is a legged robot or a cleaning robot.
  • the invention provides a 3D laser radar, which is provided with a light-shielding cavity between the reflector and the protective cover to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective cover and avoid interference with the laser signal on the loop. , which improves the scanning effect of lidar; and, when the light-shielding cavity rotates with the reflector, the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the arc-shaped part is always kept constant, and the emitted laser signal is scattered and dispersed in the protective cover. The reflections remain unchanged, making the lidar's scan results of the external environment more stable.
  • the present invention provides a cleaning robot equipped with a 3D laser radar.
  • a light-shielding cavity is provided between the reflector and the protective cover to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective cover and avoid loops.
  • the laser signal on the light-shielding cavity causes interference, which improves the scanning effect of the lidar.
  • the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the arc-shaped part is always kept constant, and the emitted laser signal is Scattering and reflection within the shield remain unchanged, making the lidar's scan results of the external environment more stable.
  • the present invention provides a legged robot equipped with a 3D lidar.
  • a light-shielding cavity is provided between the reflector and the protective cover to reduce the scattering and reflection of the laser signal emitted through the reflector in the protective cover and avoid contact with the protective cover.
  • the laser signal on the loop generates interference, which improves the scanning effect of the lidar; and when the light-shielding cavity rotates with the reflector, the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity and the arc-shaped part is always kept unchanged, and the emitted laser signal Scattering and reflection within the shield remain unchanged, making the lidar's scanning results of the external environment more stable.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a 3D laser radar provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a vertical scanning unit of a 3D laser radar provided by the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a full cross-sectional view of a 3D laser radar provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of a 3D laser radar provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cleaning robot provided by the present invention.
  • a 3D laser radar includes a vertical scanning unit.
  • the vertical scanning unit includes a mounting base 1 and a protective cover 16 directly fixed on the mounting base 1; between the mounting base 1 and the protective cover 16 , a laser emission port 4, a convex lens 3, and a rotatable reflector 5 are arranged horizontally in sequence.
  • the rotation axis of the reflector 5 coincides with the main optical axis of the convex lens 3.
  • the laser emission port 4 is located on the On the main optical axis of the convex lens 3; the laser signal emitted horizontally from the laser emission port 4 is reflected and rotated by the reflector 5 to scan the peripheral environment in the vertical plane; the reflector 5 and There is a light-shielding cavity 51 between the protective covers 16.
  • the light-shielding cavity 51 is directly fixed on the rotation axis of the reflector 5 along the laser signal emission direction.
  • the protective cover 16 is provided with a light-shielding cavity 51 close to the laser signal emission direction.
  • the arc-shaped portion 161 of the rotation trajectory of the end of the light-shielding cavity 51 is such that the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity 51 and the arc-shaped portion 161 remains unchanged during the rotation process.
  • a 3D laser radar includes a vertical scanning unit.
  • the vertical scanning unit includes a mounting base 1 and a protective cover 16 fixed on the mounting base 1 .
  • a laser emission port 4 is arranged horizontally in order.
  • the rotation axis of the reflector 5 is in contact with the main light beam of the convex lens 3.
  • the axes are coincident, and the laser emission port 4 is located on the main optical axis of the convex lens 3; the laser signal emitted horizontally by the laser emission port 4 is reflected and rotated by the reflector 5 to achieve vertical plane alignment. Scan the surrounding environment.
  • a light-shielding cavity 51 is provided between the reflector 5 and the protective cover 16.
  • the light-shielding cavity 51 extends along the laser signal reflection direction and is arranged on the rotation axis of the reflector 5.
  • the protection The cover 16 is provided with an arcuate portion 161 close to the rotation path of the end of the light-shielding cavity 51, so that the distance between the end of the light-shielding cavity 51 and the arcuate portion 161 remains unchanged during the rotation process. .
  • a 3D laser radar includes a reflector 5 for reflecting laser signals and capable of rotating, and a protective cover 16 with an arc-shaped structure.
  • the light-shielding cavity 51 is a cylindrical structure with an arc-shaped outer end and can rotate with the reflector 5;
  • the protective cover 16 is provided with an arc-shaped portion 161 for covering the light-shielding cavity 51 .
  • Part or all of the cross-sectional shape of the arc-shaped portion 161 and the rotation path of the outer end are concentric arcs, forming a constant-spacing structure, so that during the rotation of the light-shielding cavity 51, its end and the The distance between arcuate portions 161 remains unchanged.
  • a transverse light-shielding member is provided between the laser emission port 4 and the reflector 5.
  • the transverse light-shielding member includes a first light-shielding member 52 fixed on the main optical axis of the convex lens 3, and a first light-shielding member 52 directly fixed on the reflector. 5 and a second light-shielding member 53 that rotates following it.
  • the first light-shielding member 52 is sleeved on the outside of the second light-shielding member 53; the transverse light-shielding member is connected with the light-shielding cavity 51, and the first light-shielding member 52 is Two light-shielding members 53 and a light-shielding pad 54 are provided at the contact portion between the light-shielding cavity 51 and the reflector 5 .
  • the transverse light-shielding member is arranged as a separate structure with the first light-shielding member 52 and the second light-shielding member 53 , and the first light-shielding member 52 is placed outside the second light-shielding member 53 to prevent the emitted laser signal from hitting the second light-shielding member 53 Reflection occurs on the surface, which in turn affects the scanning effect of lidar.
  • the vertical scanning unit includes a laser receiving electrode 2 located at the focal position of the convex lens 3, a first motor 6 that drives the mirror 5 to rotate, a first encoder 7, and a laser driving circuit board 18.
  • the first encoder 7 is concentrically fixedly connected to the reflector 5, and the rotation information of the reflector 5 is obtained through the first encoder 7; the laser emission port 4 emits a laser signal, and passes the first encoder 7 to the reflector 5.
  • a motor 6 drives the reflector 5 to rotate to realize scanning of the peripheral environment in the vertical plane.
  • the 3D laser radar includes a horizontal rotation device that drives the vertical scanning unit to rotate horizontally.
  • the horizontal rotation device includes an upper bottom housing rotor 8, a lower bottom housing 9, a horizontal rotation bearing 19 and a rotor fixed on the lower bottom housing 9.
  • the motor stator 10 inside, the mounting base 1 and the protective cover 16 are fixed on the upper bottom housing rotor 8 and rotate with it.
  • the horizontal rotation device drives the vertical scanning unit to rotate in the horizontal direction, thereby realizing three-dimensional scanning by single-threaded lidar.
  • a dynamic sealing structure 14 is provided to improve the overall waterproofness of the laser radar and make its application scenarios wider.
  • a hollow wireless power transmission module 12 is disposed concentrically between the upper bottom case rotor 8 and the lower bottom case 9 , and the vertical scanning unit is powered through the wireless power transmission module 12 . Due to the relative rotation between the upper bottom case rotor 8 and the lower bottom case 9, when power supply and signal transmission are required, the wireless power transmission module 12 is used to replace the traditional cable, thereby avoiding fatigue damage of the cable during reciprocating rotation.
  • a base circuit board 13 is fixed on the lower bottom case 9, and a wireless signal transmission component 17 is concentrically arranged between the upper bottom case rotor 8 and the lower bottom case 9, which uses optical communication to achieve wireless communication;
  • the vertical scanning unit realizes wireless communication with the base circuit board 13 through the wireless signal transmission component 17 .
  • the upper bottom housing rotor 8 has through holes 11 evenly formed along the same circle in the circumferential direction.
  • the through holes 11 form a photoelectric code disk to obtain the rotation information of the upper bottom housing rotor 8 and then obtain the vertical scan. Horizontal rotation information of the unit.
  • a magnetic steel sheet 15 is fixed in the upper bottom shell rotor 8.
  • the axial width of the magnetic steel sheet 15 is greater than the axial width of the motor stator 10, and the upper edge of the magnetic steel sheet 15 is higher than the axial width of the motor stator 10.
  • the upper edge of the motor stator 10. The design of this structure makes the magnetic steel sheet 15 higher than the motor stator 10 in the vertical direction, which can generate a large axial magnetic pulling force between the upper bottom housing rotor 8 and the motor stator 10, so that the horizontal rotating device rotates. It is more stable and reliable, thereby ensuring that the upper bottom housing rotor 8 will not separate from the lower bottom housing 9 during rotation.
  • a cleaning robot includes the above-mentioned 3D laser radar and a cleaning robot body 20 .
  • a footed robot includes the above-mentioned 3D lidar.
  • the fixed connection method can be screwed, welded, riveted, plugged, or connected through a third component.
  • Those skilled in the art can choose according to the actual situation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种3D激光雷达及足式机器人和清洁机器人（20），涉及激光雷达技术领域。3D激光雷达的反光镜（5）与防护罩（16）之间设有遮光腔体（51），遮光腔体（51）沿激光信号射出方向直接固定于反光镜（5）的回转轴心上，防护罩（16）上设有贴近遮光腔体（51）端部转动轨迹的弧状部（161），以使遮光腔体（51）在转动过程中，其端部与弧状部（161）之间的距离保持不变。通过在反光镜（5）与防护罩（16）之间设置遮光腔体（51），减少经反光镜（5）射出的激光信号在防护罩（16）内的散射和反射，避免对回路上的激光信号产生干扰，提升了激光雷达的扫描效果；并且，在遮光腔体（51）跟随反光镜（5）旋转过程中，始终保持遮光腔体（51）的端部与弧状部（161）的距离不变，进而使激光雷达对外部环境的扫描结果更加稳定。

Description

一种激光雷达以及机器人 技术领域
本发明涉及激光雷达技术领域，尤其涉及了一种激光雷达以及机器人。
 背景技术
目前，3D激光雷达在工业测绘、三维建模、自动驾驶等领域应用广泛，但现有的3D激光雷达多为多线程激光雷达，价格昂贵。
中国专利CN113960566A公开了一种3D激光雷达及足式机器人，包括竖直扫描单元和使所述竖直扫描单元在水平方向旋转的水平旋转装置；所述竖直扫描单元包括安装座，以及依次设于所述安装座上的激光接收极、凸透镜、激光发射极、反光体，所述激光接收极设于所述凸透镜的焦点位置上，所述激光发射极设于所述凸透镜的主光轴上，所述反光体可转动的设于所述安装座上，所述反光体的回转中心与所述凸透镜的主光轴重合；所述激光发射极发射激光脉冲信号，通过所述反光体的旋转实现对竖直平面内的周圈环境扫描，并能通过设有旋转电机的水平旋转装置实现对三维环境的扫描。
 技术问题
上述技术方案实现了单线程激光雷达的三维扫描，但是，该技术方案在使用过程中发现，由于遮光通道距离防护罩较远，激光信号射出遮光通道后穿过防护罩之前，会在防护罩内发生散射，并与回路的激光信号产生相互干扰，影响激光接收极对激光信号的接收，进而导致激光雷达的扫描结果不够理想，用户体验差，不利于推广使用。
进一步地，激光发射极发出的激光信号在经过安装座上的防护罩时，激光信号会发生反射，进而影响激光接收极对回路的激光信号的接收。
 技术解决方案
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的一在于提供一种3D激光雷达，其在反光镜与防护罩之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光镜射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射，提升激光雷达的扫描效果。
本发明的目的二在于提供一种3D激光雷达，其遮光腔体在跟随反光镜旋转过程中，始终保持遮光腔体的端部与弧状部的距离不变，发射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射保持不变，进而使激光雷达对外部环境的扫描结果更加稳定。
本发明的目的三在于提供一种扫描效果好的激光雷达，其在反光体与防护壳体之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光体射出的激光信号在防护壳体内的散射和反射，提升激光雷达的扫描效果。
本发明的目的四在于提供一种扫描效果好的激光雷达以及机器人，其遮光腔体在跟随反光体旋转过程中，始终保持遮光腔体的端部与弧状部的距离不变，发射出的激光信号在防护壳体内的散射和反射保持不变，进而使激光雷达对外部环境的扫描结果更加稳定。
本发明的目的五在于提供一种足式机器人，其搭载的3D激光雷达，在反光镜与防护罩之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光镜射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射，提升激光雷达的扫描效果。
本发明的目的六在于提供一种清洁机器人，其搭载的3D激光雷达，在反光镜与防护罩之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光镜射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射，提升激光雷达的扫描效果。
为实现上述目的之一，本发明的第一种技术方案为：
一种3D激光雷达，包括竖向扫描单元，所述竖向扫描单元包括安装座、固定于所述安装座上的防护罩；
所述安装座与所述防护罩之间，依次水平设有激光发射口、凸透镜、能转动的反光镜，所述反光镜的回转轴心与所述凸透镜的主光轴重合，所述激光发射口设于所述凸透镜的主光轴上；所述激光发射口水平发射出的激光信号，通过所述反光镜的反射和旋转，实现对竖向平面内的周圈环境扫描；
所述反光镜与所述防护罩之间设有遮光腔体，所述遮光腔体沿激光信号反射方向延伸，并设置于所述反光镜的回转轴心上，所述防护罩上设有贴近所述遮光腔体端部转动轨迹的弧状部，并使所述遮光腔体在转动过程中，其端部与所述弧状部之间的距离保持不变。
本发明经过不断探索，在反光镜与防护罩之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光镜射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射，避免了与回路上的激光信号产生干扰，提升了激光雷达的扫描效果，结构简单实用，制造成本低，用户体验好，便于推广使用。
进一步，本发明的遮光腔体在跟随反光镜旋转过程中，始终保持遮光腔体的端部与弧状部的距离不变，发射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射保持不变，进而使激光雷达对外部环境的扫描结果更加稳定。
作为优选的技术措施，所述激光发射口与所述反光镜之间设有横向遮光件，所述横向遮光件包括固定于所述凸透镜主光轴上的第一遮光件、直接固定于所述反光镜上并跟随其转动的第二遮光件，所述第一遮光件套设于所述第二遮光件外侧；所述横向遮光件与所述遮光腔体相连通，所述第二遮光件、所述遮光腔体与所述反光镜接触的部位设有遮光垫。通过在水平方向上设置横向遮光件，避免发射出的激光信号与回路的激光信号产生干扰，并且不会泄露到防护罩的内部空间中去，与回路的激光信号产生干涉。将横向遮光件设置为第一遮光件和第二遮光件分开的结构，并且将第一遮光件套在第二遮光件外侧，防止发射出的激光信号打在第二遮光件上发生反射，进而影响激光雷达的扫描效果。
作为优选的技术措施，所述竖向扫描单元包括设于所述凸透镜焦点位置上的激光接收极、驱动所述反光镜转动的第一电机、第一编码器；所述第一编码器与所述反光镜同心固定连接，通过所述第一编码器获取所述反光镜的转动信息；所述激光发射口发射激光信号，并通过所述第一电机驱动所述反光镜旋转，实现对竖向平面内的周圈环境扫描。
作为优选的技术措施，所述3D激光雷达包括驱动所述竖向扫描单元水平转动的水平旋转装置，所述水平旋转装置包括上底壳转子、下底壳和固定在所述下底壳内的电机定子，所述安装座以及所述防护罩固定于所述上底壳转子上并随其转动，所述上底壳转子与所述下底壳之间设有动密封结构。水平旋转装置驱动竖向扫描单元在水平方向上旋转，进而实现单线程的激光雷达实现三维扫描。设置动密封结构，提升激光雷达整体的防水性，使其应用场景更为广泛。
作为优选的技术措施，所述上底壳转子与所述下底壳之间同心设有中空的无线电能传输模块，通过所述无线电能传输模块对所述竖向扫描单元进行供电。由于上底壳转子和下底壳之间存在相对转动，当需要进行供电和信号传输时，采用无线电能传输模块代替传统线缆，避免了线缆在往复转动过程中的疲劳损坏。
或/和所述上底壳转子的周向上沿同一圈均匀开设有通孔，通过所述通孔构成光电码盘来获取所述上底壳转子的转动信息，进而获取所述竖向扫描单元的水平转动信息。
或/和所述上底壳转子内固设有磁钢片，所述磁钢片的轴向宽度大于所述电机定子的轴向宽度，且所述磁钢片的上边缘高于所述电机定子的上边缘。该结构的设计，使得在竖向方向上，磁钢片高出电机定子一段，能使上底壳转子与电机定子之间产生较大的轴向磁拉力，从而水平旋转装置旋转更加稳定可靠，进而保证上底壳转子在转动过程中不会与下底壳分离。
作为优选的技术措施，所述下底壳上固定设有基座电路板，所述上底壳转子与所述下底壳之间同心设有无线信号传输组件，其使用光通讯来实现无线通讯；所述竖向扫描单元通过所述无线信号传输组件实现与所述基座电路板的无线通讯。
为实现上述目的之一，本发明的第二种技术方案为：
一种3D激光雷达，包括用于反射激光信号并能够转动的反光镜、弧状结构的防护罩；
所述防护罩与反光镜之间设有遮光腔体；所述遮光腔体为筒状结构，其具有转动轨迹为弧形的外端部，并能随反光镜转动；
所述防护罩上设有用于罩设所述遮光腔体的弧状部；
所述弧状部的部分截面形状或全部截面形状与外端部的转动轨迹为同心圆弧，形成间距不变结构，以使所述遮光腔体在转动过程中，其端部与所述弧状部之间的距离保持不变。
本发明经过不断探索，在反光镜与防护罩之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光镜射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射，避免了与回路上的激光信号产生干扰，提升了激光雷达的扫描效果，结构简单实用，制造成本低，用户体验好，便于推广使用。
进一步，本发明的弧状部截面形状与外端部的转动轨迹为同心圆弧，从而形成间距不变结构，以使得遮光腔体在跟随反光镜旋转过程中，始终保持遮光腔体的端部与弧状部的距离不变，进而使得激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射保持不变，进而使激光雷达对外部环境的扫描结果更加稳定。
作为优选的技术措施，
所述筒状结构为L形结构，其竖向段用于接收从反光镜中反射出的激光信号，其横向段用于接收从凸透镜中射出的激光信号；
所述竖向段向防护罩的壁面延伸，并与防护罩的壁面相邻；
所述凸透镜上设有第一遮光件；
所述第一遮光件套设于L形结构的横向段的外侧。
为实现上述目的之一，本发明的第三种技术方案为：
一种3D激光雷达，其特征在于，包括用于反射激光信号并能够转动的反光镜、弧状结构的防护罩；
所述防护罩与反光镜之间设有遮光腔体；所述遮光腔体为筒状结构，其从反光镜的端面向防护罩的壁面方向延伸。
本发明经过不断探索，在反光镜与防护罩之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光镜射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射，避免了与回路上的激光信号产生干扰，提升了激光雷达的扫描效果，结构简单实用，制造成本低，用户体验好，便于推广使用。
进一步，反光镜为能够反射光线的物体，包括但不限于现有技术中常见的反光镜或反射镜或反光膜或其他反光材料。为实现上述目的之一，本发明的第四种技术方案为：
一种扫描效果好的激光雷达，
包括用于发射激光信号的激光发射器、用于反射激光信号并能够转动的反光体、弧状结构的防护壳体；
所述防护壳体罩设反光体；
所述反光体与防护壳体之间设有遮光腔体；
所述遮光腔体为筒状件，其从反光体的端面向防护壳体的壁面方向延伸。
本发明经过不断探索，在反光体与防护壳体之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光体射出的激光信号在防护壳体内的散射和反射，避免了与回路上的激光信号产生干扰，提升了激光雷达的扫描效果，结构简单实用，制造成本低，用户体验好，便于推广使用。
进一步，反光体为反光镜或反射镜或反光膜或其他反光材料。
作为优选技术措施：
所述激光发射器横向设置，其设有激光发射口；
所述反光体设有倾斜布置的反光面；
所述激光发射口所在延伸线与反光面相交，以实现激光信号的反射。
作为优选技术措施：
所述筒状件为L形结构，其竖向段用于接收从反光体中反射出的激光信号，其横向段用于接收从凸透镜中射出的激光信号；
所述竖向段向防护壳体的壁面延伸，并与防护壳体的壁面相邻。
遮光腔体在水平方向上设置横向段，避免发射出的激光信号与回路的激光信号产生干扰，并且不会泄露到防护壳体的内部空间中去，与回路的激光信号产生干涉。
作为优选技术措施：
所述凸透镜上设有第一遮光件，其焦点位置上设有激光接收极；
所述第一遮光件套设于L形结构的横向段的外侧，用以防止发射出的激光信号打在遮光腔体上发生反射，进而影响激光雷达的扫描效果。
为实现上述目的之一，本发明的第五种技术方案为：
所述筒状件设置于所述反光体的回转轴心上，其外端部的转动轨迹为弧形，并能随反光体转动；
所述防护壳体上设有用于罩设所述遮光腔体的弧状部；所述弧状部的部分截面形状或全部截面形状与外端部的转动轨迹为同心圆弧，形成间距不变结构，以使所述遮光腔体在转动过程中，其端部与所述弧状部之间的距离保持不变。
本发明的遮光腔体在跟随反光体旋转过程中，始终保持遮光腔体的端部与弧状部的距离不变，发射出的激光信号在防护壳体内的散射和反射保持不变，进而使激光雷达对外部环境的扫描结果更加稳定。
作为优选技术措施：
所述反光体的回转轴心与所述凸透镜的主光轴重合，所述激光发射口设于所述凸透镜的主光轴上；所述激光发射口水平发射出的激光信号，通过所述反光体的反射和旋转，实现对竖向平面内的周圈环境扫描。
作为优选技术措施：
所述激光发射器与所述反光体之间设有横向遮光件，所述横向遮光件包括固定于所述凸透镜主光轴上的第一遮光件、直接固定于所述反光体上并跟随其转动的第二遮光件，所述第一遮光件套设于所述第二遮光件外侧；
所述横向遮光件与所述遮光腔体相连通，所述第二遮光件、所述遮光腔体与所述反光体接触的部位设有遮光垫。
通过在水平方向上设置横向遮光件，避免发射出的激光信号与回路的激光信号产生干扰，并且不会泄露到防护壳体的内部空间中去，与回路的激光信号产生干涉。将横向遮光件设置为第一遮光件和第二遮光件分开的结构，并且将第一遮光件套在第二遮光件外侧，防止发射出的激光信号打在第二遮光件上发生反射，进而影响激光雷达的扫描效果。
为实现上述目的之一，本发明的第六种技术方案为：
一种机器人，使用上述的一种3D激光雷达，实现机器人实时的对其周边环境信息的扫描；
所述机器人为足式机器人或清洁机器人。
为实现上述目的之一，本发明的第七种技术方案为：
一种机器人，包括上述的一种扫描效果好的激光雷达；所述机器人为足式机器人或清洁机器人。
 有益效果
本发明提供的一种3D激光雷达，在反光镜与防护罩之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光镜射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射，避免了与回路上的激光信号产生干扰，提升了激光雷达的扫描效果；并且，在遮光腔体跟随反光镜旋转过程中，始终保持遮光腔体的端部与弧状部的距离不变，发射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射保持不变，进而使激光雷达对外部环境的扫描结果更加稳定。
本发明提供的一种清洁机器人，其搭载的3D激光雷达，在反光镜与防护罩之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光镜射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射，避免了与回路上的激光信号产生干扰，提升了激光雷达的扫描效果；并且，在遮光腔体跟随反光镜旋转过程中，始终保持遮光腔体的端部与弧状部的距离不变，发射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射保持不变，进而使激光雷达对外部环境的扫描结果更加稳定。
本发明提供的一种足式机器人，其搭载的3D激光雷达，在反光镜与防护罩之间设置遮光腔体，减少经反光镜射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射，避免了与回路上的激光信号产生干扰，提升了激光雷达的扫描效果；并且，在遮光腔体跟随反光镜旋转过程中，始终保持遮光腔体的端部与弧状部的距离不变，发射出的激光信号在防护罩内的散射和反射保持不变，进而使激光雷达对外部环境的扫描结果更加稳定。
 附图说明
图1是本发明提供的一种3D激光雷达的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明提供的一种3D激光雷达的竖向扫描单元的爆炸图；
图3是本发明提供的一种3D激光雷达的全剖图；
图4是本发明提供的一种3D激光雷达的爆炸图；
图5是本发明提供的清洁机器人的整体结构示意图。
图中：1、安装座；2、激光接收极；3、凸透镜；4、激光发射口；5、反光镜；51、遮光腔体；52、第一遮光件；53、第二遮光件；54、遮光垫；6、第一电机；7、第一编码器；8、上底壳转子；9、下底壳；10、电机定子；11、通孔；12、无线电能传输模块；13、基座电路板；14、动密封结构；15、磁钢片；16、防护罩；161、弧状部；17、无线信号传输组件；18、激光驱动电路板；19、水平旋转轴承；20、清洁机器人本体。
 本发明的实施方式
下面，结合附图以及具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述，需要说明的是，在不相冲突的前提下，以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。
需要说明的是，当两个元件“固定连接”或“转动连接”时，两个元件可以直接连接或者也可以存在居中的元件。相反，当元件被称作“直接在”另一元件“上”时，不存在中间元件。本文所使用的术语“水平”、“竖向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本发明。
如图1、图2、图3、图4所示，本发明3D激光雷达的第一种实施例：
一种3D激光雷达，包括竖向扫描单元，所述竖向扫描单元包括安装座1、直接固定于所述安装座1上的防护罩16；所述安装座1与所述防护罩16之间，依次水平设有激光发射口4、凸透镜3、能转动的反光镜5，所述反光镜5的回转轴心与所述凸透镜3的主光轴重合，所述激光发射口4设于所述凸透镜3的主光轴上；所述激光发射口4水平发射出的激光信号，通过所述反光镜5的反射和旋转，实现对竖向平面内的周圈环境扫描；所述反光镜5与所述防护罩16之间设有遮光腔体51，所述遮光腔体51沿激光信号射出方向直接固定于所述反光镜5的回转轴心上，所述防护罩16上设有贴近所述遮光腔体51端部转动轨迹的弧状部161，以使所述遮光腔体51在转动过程中，其端部与所述弧状部161之间的距离保持不变。
本发明3D激光雷达的第二种实施例：
一种3D激光雷达，包括竖向扫描单元，所述竖向扫描单元包括安装座1、固定于所述安装座1上的防护罩16。
所述安装座1与所述防护罩16之间，依次水平设有激光发射口4、凸透镜3、能转动的反光镜5，所述反光镜5的回转轴心与所述凸透镜3的主光轴重合，所述激光发射口4设于所述凸透镜3的主光轴上；所述激光发射口4水平发射出的激光信号，通过所述反光镜5的反射和旋转，实现对竖向平面内的周圈环境扫描。
所述反光镜5与所述防护罩16之间设有遮光腔体51，所述遮光腔体51沿激光信号反射方向延伸，并设置于所述反光镜5的回转轴心上，所述防护罩16上设有贴近所述遮光腔体51端部转动轨迹的弧状部161，并使所述遮光腔体51在转动过程中，其端部与所述弧状部161之间的距离保持不变。
本发明3D激光雷达的第三种实施例：
一种3D激光雷达，包括用于反射激光信号并能够转动的反光镜5、弧状结构的防护罩16。
所述防护罩16与反光镜5之间设有遮光腔体51；所述遮光腔体51为筒状结构，其具有转动轨迹为弧形的外端部，并能随反光镜5转动；
所述防护罩16上设有用于罩设所述遮光腔体51的弧状部161。
所述弧状部161的部分截面形状或全部截面形状与外端部的转动轨迹为同心圆弧，形成间距不变结构，以使所述遮光腔体51在转动过程中，其端部与所述弧状部161之间的距离保持不变。
本发明增设横向遮光件的一种具体实施例：
所述激光发射口4与所述反光镜5之间设有横向遮光件，所述横向遮光件包括固定于所述凸透镜3主光轴上的第一遮光件52、直接固定于所述反光镜5上并跟随其转动的第二遮光件53，所述第一遮光件52套设于所述第二遮光件53外侧；所述横向遮光件与所述遮光腔体51相连通，所述第二遮光件53、所述遮光腔体51与所述反光镜5接触的部位设有遮光垫54。通过在水平方向上设置横向遮光件，避免发射出的激光信号与回路的激光信号产生干扰，并且不会泄露到防护罩16的内部空间中去，与回路的激光信号产生干涉。将横向遮光件设置为第一遮光件52和第二遮光件53分开的结构，并且将第一遮光件52套在第二遮光件53外侧，防止发射出的激光信号打在第二遮光件53上发生反射，进而影响激光雷达的扫描效果。
本发明竖向扫描单元的一种具体实施例：
所述竖向扫描单元包括设于所述凸透镜3焦点位置上的激光接收极2、驱动所述反光镜5转动的第一电机6、第一编码器7、激光驱动电路板18。
所述第一编码器7与所述反光镜5同心固定连接，通过所述第一编码器7获取所述反光镜5的转动信息；所述激光发射口4发射激光信号，并通过所述第一电机6驱动所述反光镜5旋转，实现对竖向平面内的周圈环境扫描。
本发明增设水平旋转装置的一种具体实施例：
所述3D激光雷达包括驱动所述竖向扫描单元水平转动的水平旋转装置，所述水平旋转装置包括上底壳转子8、下底壳9、水平旋转轴承19和固定在所述下底壳9内的电机定子10，所述安装座1以及所述防护罩16固定于所述上底壳转子8上并随其转动，所述上底壳转子8与所述下底壳9之间设有动密封结构14。水平旋转装置驱动竖向扫描单元在水平方向上旋转，进而实现单线程的激光雷达实现三维扫描。设置动密封结构14，提升激光雷达整体的防水性，使其应用场景更为广泛。
本发明增设无线电能传输模块12的一种具体实施例：
所述上底壳转子8与所述下底壳9之间同心设有中空的无线电能传输模块12，通过所述无线电能传输模块12对所述竖向扫描单元进行供电。由于上底壳转子8和下底壳9之间存在相对转动，当需要进行供电和信号传输时，采用无线电能传输模块12代替传统线缆，避免了线缆在往复转动过程中的疲劳损坏。
本发明实现无线通讯的一种具体实施例：
所述下底壳9上固定设有基座电路板13，所述上底壳转子8与所述下底壳9之间同心设有无线信号传输组件17，其使用光通讯来实现无线通讯；所述竖向扫描单元通过所述无线信号传输组件17实现与所述基座电路板13的无线通讯。
本发明获取转动信息的一种具体实施例：
所述上底壳转子8的周向上沿同一圈均匀开设有通孔11，通过所述通孔11构成光电码盘来获取所述上底壳转子8的转动信息，进而获取所述竖向扫描单元的水平转动信息。
本发明增设磁钢片15的一种具体实施例：
所述上底壳转子8内固设有磁钢片15，所述磁钢片15的轴向宽度大于所述电机定子10的轴向宽度，且所述磁钢片15的上边缘高于所述电机定子10的上边缘。该结构的设计，使得在竖向方向上，磁钢片15高出电机定子10一段，能使上底壳转子8与电机定子10之间产生较大的轴向磁拉力，从而水平旋转装置旋转更加稳定可靠，进而保证上底壳转子8在转动过程中不会与下底壳9分离。
如图5所示，应用本发明3D激光雷达的第一种具体实施例：
一种清洁机器人，包括上述的一种3D激光雷达、清洁机器人本体20。
应用本发明3D激光雷达的第二种具体实施例：
一种足式机器人，包括上述的一种3D激光雷达。
本申请中，固定连接方式可以为螺接或焊接或铆接或插接或通过第三个部件进行连接，本领域技术人员可根据实际情况进行选择。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种3D激光雷达，其特征在于，包括竖向扫描单元，所述竖向扫描单元包括安装座（1）、固定于所述安装座（1）上的防护罩（16）；
    所述安装座（1）与所述防护罩（16）之间，依次水平设有激光发射口（4）、凸透镜（3）、能转动的反光镜（5），所述反光镜（5）的回转轴心与所述凸透镜（3）的主光轴重合，所述激光发射口（4）设于所述凸透镜（3）的主光轴上；所述激光发射口（4）水平发射出的激光信号，通过所述反光镜（5）的反射和旋转，实现对竖向平面内的周圈环境扫描；
    所述反光镜（5）与所述防护罩（16）之间设有遮光腔体（51），所述遮光腔体（51）沿激光信号反射方向延伸，并设置于所述反光镜（5）的回转轴心上，所述防护罩（16）上设有贴近所述遮光腔体（51）端部转动轨迹的弧状部（161），并使所述遮光腔体（51）在转动过程中，其端部与所述弧状部（161）之间的距离保持不变。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种3D激光雷达，其特征在于，所述激光发射口（4）与所述反光镜（5）之间设有横向遮光件，所述横向遮光件包括固定于所述凸透镜（3）主光轴上的第一遮光件（52）、直接固定于所述反光镜（5）上并跟随其转动的第二遮光件（53），所述第一遮光件（52）套设于所述第二遮光件（53）外侧；
    所述横向遮光件与所述遮光腔体（51）相连通，所述第二遮光件（53）、所述遮光腔体（51）与所述反光镜（5）接触的部位设有遮光垫（54）。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种3D激光雷达，其特征在于，所述竖向扫描单元包括设于所述凸透镜（3）焦点位置上的激光接收极（2）、驱动所述反光镜（5）转动的第一电机（6）、第一编码器（7）；
    所述第一编码器（7）与所述反光镜（5）同心固定连接，通过所述第一编码器（7）获取所述反光镜（5）的转动信息；
    所述激光发射口（4）发射激光信号，并通过所述第一电机（6）驱动所述反光镜（5）旋转，实现对竖向平面内的周圈环境扫描。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一所述的一种3D激光雷达，其特征在于，所述3D激光雷达包括驱动所述竖向扫描单元水平转动的水平旋转装置，所述水平旋转装置包括上底壳转子（8）、下底壳（9）和固定在所述下底壳（9）内的电机定子（10），所述安装座（1）以及所述防护罩（16）固定于所述上底壳转子（8）上并随其转动，所述上底壳转子（8）与所述下底壳（9）之间设有动密封结构（14）。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种3D激光雷达，其特征在于，所述上底壳转子（8）与所述下底壳（9）之间同心设有中空的无线电能传输模块（12），通过所述无线电能传输模块（12）对所述竖向扫描单元进行供电；
    或/和所述上底壳转子（8）的周向上沿同一圈均匀开设有通孔（11），通过所述通孔（11）构成光电码盘来获取所述上底壳转子（8）的转动信息，进而获取所述竖向扫描单元的水平转动信息；
    或/和所述上底壳转子（8）内固设有磁钢片（15），所述磁钢片（15）的轴向宽度大于所述电机定子（10）的轴向宽度，且所述磁钢片（15）的上边缘高于所述电机定子（10）的上边缘。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种3D激光雷达，其特征在于，所述下底壳（9）上固定设有基座电路板（13），所述上底壳转子（8）与所述下底壳（9）之间同心设有无线信号传输组件（17），其使用光通讯来实现无线通讯；所述竖向扫描单元通过所述无线信号传输组件（17）实现与所述基座电路板（13）的无线通讯。
  7. 一种3D激光雷达，其特征在于，包括用于反射激光信号并能够转动的反光镜（5）、弧状结构的防护罩（16）；
    所述防护罩（16）与反光镜（5）之间设有遮光腔体（51）；所述遮光腔体（51）为筒状结构，其具有转动轨迹为弧形的外端部，并能随反光镜（5）转动；
    所述防护罩（16）上设有用于罩设所述遮光腔体（51）的弧状部（161）；所述弧状部（161）的部分截面形状或全部截面形状与外端部的转动轨迹为同心圆弧，形成间距不变结构，以使所述遮光腔体（51）在转动过程中，其端部与所述弧状部（161）之间的距离保持不变。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种3D激光雷达，其特征在于，
    所述筒状结构为L形结构，其竖向段用于接收从反光镜中反射出的激光信号，其横向段用于接收从凸透镜（3）中射出的激光信号；
    所述竖向段向防护罩（16）的壁面延伸，并与防护罩（16）的壁面相邻；
    所述凸透镜（3）上设有第一遮光件（52）；
    所述第一遮光件（52）套设于L形结构的横向段的外侧。
  9. 一种扫描效果好的激光雷达，其特征在于，包括用于发射激光信号的激光发射器、用于反射激光信号并能够转动的反光体、弧状结构的防护壳体；
    所述防护壳体罩设反光体；
    所述反光体与防护壳体之间设有遮光腔体（51）；
    所述遮光腔体（51）为筒状件，其从反光体的端面向防护壳体的壁面方向延伸。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的一种扫描效果好的激光雷达，其特征在于，
    所述激光发射器横向设置，其设有激光发射口；
    所述反光体设有倾斜布置的反光面；
    所述激光发射口所在延伸线与反光面相交；
    所述筒状件为L形结构，其竖向段用于接收从反光体中反射出的激光信号，其横向段用于接收从凸透镜中射出的激光信号；
    所述竖向段向防护壳体的壁面延伸，并与防护壳体的壁面相邻；
    所述凸透镜上设有第一遮光件，其焦点位置上设有激光接收极；
    所述第一遮光件套设于L形结构的横向段的外侧；
    所述筒状件设置于所述反光体的回转轴心上，其外端部的转动轨迹为弧形，并能随反光体转动；
    所述防护壳体上设有用于罩设所述遮光腔体的弧状部；所述弧状部的部分截面形状或全部截面形状与外端部的转动轨迹为同心圆弧，形成间距不变结构，以使所述遮光腔体在转动过程中，其端部与所述弧状部之间的距离保持不变；
    所述反光体的回转轴心与所述凸透镜的主光轴重合，所述激光发射口设于所述凸透镜的主光轴上；所述激光发射口水平发射出的激光信号，通过所述反光体的反射和旋转，实现对竖向平面内的周圈环境扫描；
    所述激光发射器与所述反光体之间设有横向遮光件，所述横向遮光件包括固定于所述凸透镜主光轴上的第一遮光件、直接固定于所述反光体上并跟随其转动的第二遮光件，所述第一遮光件套设于所述第二遮光件外侧；
    所述横向遮光件与所述遮光腔体相连通，所述第二遮光件、所述遮光腔体与所述反光体接触的部位设有遮光垫。
  11. 一种机器人，其特征在于，使用如权利要求1-8任一所述的3D激光雷达，实现机器人实时的对其周边环境信息的扫描；
    所述机器人为足式机器人或清洁机器人。
  12. 一种机器人，其特征在于，包括如权利要求9-10所述的一种扫描效果好的激光雷达；所述机器人为足式机器人或清洁机器人。
PCT/CN2022/139880 2022-08-10 2022-12-19 一种激光雷达以及机器人 WO2024031905A1 (zh)

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