WO2024028007A1 - Corps façonné et procédé pour un module photovoltaïque - Google Patents

Corps façonné et procédé pour un module photovoltaïque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024028007A1
WO2024028007A1 PCT/EP2023/067827 EP2023067827W WO2024028007A1 WO 2024028007 A1 WO2024028007 A1 WO 2024028007A1 EP 2023067827 W EP2023067827 W EP 2023067827W WO 2024028007 A1 WO2024028007 A1 WO 2024028007A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaped body
layer stack
vertical direction
curved
module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/067827
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wilhelm Stein
Jiri Springer
Original Assignee
Sunmaxx PVT GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102023100868.4A external-priority patent/DE102023100868A1/de
Application filed by Sunmaxx PVT GmbH filed Critical Sunmaxx PVT GmbH
Publication of WO2024028007A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024028007A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/061—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
    • C03B23/0252—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity by gravity only, e.g. sagging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
    • C03B23/0256—Gravity bending accelerated by applying mechanical forces, e.g. inertia, weights or local forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/42—Cooling means
    • H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/18—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal

Definitions

  • a shaped body is specified for producing a photovoltaic module, in particular for producing a photovoltaic-thermal module.
  • a method for processing a layer stack for a photovoltaic module is specified, in particular for a photovoltaic-thermal module.
  • the publication WO 2015/184402 relates to a photovoltaic module with integrated liquid cooling.
  • Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a molded body for producing a photovoltaic module, in particular a photovoltaic-thermal module. Further embodiments of the disclosure relate to a method for processing a layer stack for a photovoltaic module, in particular for a photovoltaic-thermal module. In particular, the method is part of a manufacturing process for a photovoltaic module. For example, in the method a shaped body according to at least one of the embodiments described here is used. Features, benefits and Further developments of the shaped body therefore also apply to the process and vice versa.
  • the shaped body has a concavely curved or convexly curved top side along a vertical direction.
  • the shaped body with the curved top is designed to curve a layer stack for the photovoltaic module.
  • the layer stack has at least two layers.
  • the layer stack is subsequently part of the photovoltaic module.
  • the two layers include, for example, a PV laminate with a glass pane, a lamination film and/or a surface heat sink.
  • solar cells are already connected to the glass pane and the surface heat sink is attached to the glass pane with the solar cells by means of lamination.
  • the photovoltaic module is a conventional photovoltaic module without a heat sink.
  • the photovoltaic module has crystalline solar cells and/or thin-film solar cells.
  • the two layers include, for example, a PV laminate with a glass pane and the crystalline solar cells.
  • the two layers include, for example, a PV laminate with a glass pane and the thin-film solar cells.
  • deliberately curved modules can be produced, for example for facades. It is also possible in conventional photovoltaic modules to compensate for undesired curvatures using the shaped body in order to realize modules that are as flat as possible.
  • the layer stack can be arched or bent by means of the shaped body.
  • the shaped body During the production of the photovoltaic module, it is therefore possible to curve the layer stack as desired with the help of the shaped body. That bulge In particular, it compensates for stresses that can arise in the layer stack due to different coefficients of thermal expansion. Without the shaped body, these tensions would lead to an unwanted curvature of the layer stack.
  • the shaped body enables the layer stack to be curved in the opposite direction during production, so that the stresses due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion subsequently precisely compensate for this curvature and a flat layer stack is present. This layer stack no longer warps unintentionally due to different thermal expansion coefficients of the layers of the layer stack.
  • a concave curvature along the vertical direction is understood to mean, in particular, an inwardly curved shape of the top, with the vertical direction being perpendicular to a main extension plane of the top. Accordingly, a convex curvature is to be understood as meaning an outwardly curved shape, with the vertical direction being perpendicular to a main extension plane of the top side.
  • the shaped body has a plurality of flatly expanded plates.
  • the plates are stacked on top of each other along the vertical direction.
  • the vertical direction is aligned transversely to the surface extent.
  • the flatly expanded plates have a different surface area than one another.
  • the curved shaped body can thus be formed by means of the plates stacked on top of one another.
  • the extended plates smaller.
  • the top side is formed by means of a flat end plate which covers the stacked plates upwards. This means that a flat top can be achieved.
  • the shaped body has a plurality of rods as an alternative or in addition to the plurality of plates.
  • the rods are each elongated along the vertical direction.
  • the bars are arranged next to each other transversely to the vertical direction.
  • the curved top can be formed using rods of different lengths. It is also possible to combine plates and rods, for example plates that are initially flat in the vertical direction and then rods that are elongated.
  • the shaped body is formed from a solid body.
  • the shaped body is therefore formed in one piece.
  • the shaped body is milled from a single block of material.
  • the top has a full surface area. Particularly when using a solid body and/or when using the majority of plates, the top side is designed to have a full surface area. Even when using rods, the top can be designed to have a full surface area. In this case, however, an additional covering layer must be applied to the top of the bars.
  • the top it is also possible for the top to have one or more recesses. For example, the spaces between the rods are called recesses. It is also possible to place a finishing structure on the bars, for example a wire mesh, to form the top with the recesses. Alternatively, a completely flat end plate is provided in order to form a flat top surface on the bars.
  • the top is curved only along a longitudinal axis.
  • the longitudinal axis runs transversely to the vertical direction.
  • the top side is not curved along a transverse axis that runs across the longitudinal axis and the vertical axis.
  • the top runs in a straight line along the transverse axis.
  • the top is curved along the longitudinal axis and along the transverse axis. This means that the shaped body can be used to curvature the layer stack along all spatial directions in a single curving process.
  • the shaped body has a thermal conductivity of at least 30 W/(m-K), in particular 50 W/(m-K).
  • the shaped body has a thermal conductivity that is large enough to conduct heat to be introduced and/or dissipated into the layer stack sufficiently well during production and processing.
  • Other values for thermal conductivity are also possible.
  • the molded body conducts due to the sufficiently large Thermal conductivity is the heat required for lamination to the layer stack.
  • the layer stack cools down on the shaped body.
  • the layer stack does not cool down on the molded body, but is removed from the molded body while it is still heated after lamination.
  • the layer stack is not laminated on the molded body, but is applied to the molded body after lamination and curved, in particular in a heated state.
  • the molded body is formed from a plastic.
  • the shaped body is additionally or alternatively formed from a metal, for example aluminum or steel. It is possible for the shaped body to have only a single material or to be formed from a combination of materials.
  • the method includes providing the layer stack.
  • the layer stack is stacked on a molded body according to one of the embodiments described here, so that the layer stack rests on the molded body, in particular on the top of the molded body.
  • the layer stack is curved by means of the shaped body.
  • the layer stack is then removed from the molded body. After loosening, the layer stack is particularly flat. The stresses due to the different thermal expansion coefficients act against the curvature of the layer stack and thus compensate for this at the intended operating temperatures of the photovoltaic module.
  • at least one other stresses due to the different thermal expansion coefficients act against the curvature of the layer stack and thus compensate for this at the intended operating temperatures of the photovoltaic module.
  • the process involves heating the layer stack.
  • the heating serves to laminate at least part of the layer stack while the layer stack is in contact with the molded body. This means that the arching and laminating of the layer stack can be carried out in a common process.
  • the method includes reducing a temperature of the layer stack while the layer stack is in contact with the molded body.
  • the stack of layers cools down after lamination while the stack of layers is curved using the molded body.
  • the cooling step of the layer stack while it rests on the molded body is also possible if the layer stack was laminated independently of the molded body and therefore does not rest on the molded body during lamination. In this case, after lamination, the layer stack is placed on the top of the molded body and curved before cooling.
  • the layer stack is provided with at least one metallic surface heat sink and a glass pane.
  • the metallic surface heat sink and the glass pane have different thermal expansion coefficients. By means of the curvature, a flat design of the metallic surface heat sink and the glass pane can still be achieved, so that no unwanted tensions and curvatures subsequently occur during operation of the photovoltaic module.
  • FIG. 1A shows a schematic representation of a shaped body with a layer stack according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 1B shows a schematic representation of a photovoltaic thermal module according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a molded body with a layer stack according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Figures 3A to 3G each show schematic representations of the shaped body according to different views and/or exemplary embodiments.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of a
  • a photovoltaic-thermal module 4 ( Figure 1B, Figure 4), called a PVT module for short, combines photovoltaic modules to generate electricity with the use of the waste heat from the modules.
  • PVT modules convert solar energy into electrical power and the resulting waste heat is made usable.
  • electrical energy such PVT modules also produce heat, for example in the form of hot water or other cooling liquids.
  • the PVT module 4 has a layer stack 12.
  • Layer stack 12 has a plurality of along one Layers stacked in the vertical direction Z.
  • the layer stack
  • the layer stack 12 has a lamination film 2.
  • the lamination film 2 is arranged between the PVT laminate 1 and a surface heat sink 3.
  • the PVT laminate 1 in particular additionally has solar cells 102, electrical cell connectors 103 and other elements in order to form the photovoltaic part of the PVT module 4.
  • the layers of the layer stack 12 are joined together using a lamination process under the influence of high temperatures. For example, temperatures of 130 ° C to 150 ° C are used for this, so that the PV laminate 1 is connected to the surface heat sink 3 using the lamination film 2.
  • Figure 1A shows the layer stack 12 during a manufacturing or processing step.
  • the layer stack 12 can be curved by means of a shaped body 6.
  • the shaped body 6 has a convexly curved top 11. The top side therefore curves outwards in the vertical direction Z.
  • the layer stack 12 is pressed against the top 11, so that the layer stack 12 is also curved due to the curved top 11.
  • the PV material 1 lies directly on the shaped body 6 and the surface cooling body 3 faces away from the shaped body 6.
  • the layer stack 12 is placed on the molded body 6 in such a way that the PV material 1 faces the top side 11 and in particular directly touches the top side 11.
  • the shaped body 6 is thermally and/or mechanically connected to a heating plate or cooling plate 5. It is possible that the shaped body 6 for laminating the PV material 1 with the surface heat sink 3 is arranged in a lamination oven.
  • the layer stack 12 is arranged and curved on the top 11 during the lamination process. By means of the heating plate 5, the heat is transferred to the layer stack 12 by means of the shaped body 6.
  • the shaped body 6 has sufficiently good thermal conductivity.
  • the layer stack 12 is laminated independently of the shaped body 6.
  • the layer stack 12 is laminated, for example, in the conventional manner.
  • the layer stack 12 After the lamination process, both when the layer stack 12 rested on the shaped body 6 during lamination and when the lamination process took place without the shaped body 6, the layer stack 12 cools down on the shaped body 6. For example, after lamination, the layer stack 12 is placed on the top side 11 at a high temperature and pressed on in such a way that the layer stack 12 is curved according to the top side 11.
  • the curvature of the layer stack 12 means that tensions and curvatures that occur in the layer stack 12 during cooling are compensated for.
  • the cooled layer stack 12 therefore has a planar extension along a plane transverse to the vertical direction Z. Unwanted curvatures, which can usually occur during cooling or during operation due to the temperature fluctuations that occur, can be avoided or at least reduced.
  • a layer stack 12 or the photovoltaic-thermal module after cooling is shown schematically in Figure 1B.
  • the PVT module 4 has no unwanted curvatures along the vertical direction Z and is arranged flat along a plane which is spanned by a longitudinal axis L and a transverse axis B.
  • the longitudinal axis L, the transverse axis B and the vertical direction Z are each arranged perpendicular to one another.
  • the shaped body 6 has a maximum extension along the vertical direction Z in a range of 2 cm to 10 cm, in particular in a range of 3 cm to 6 cm.
  • the shaped body 6 has a maximum extension along the transverse axis B in a range of 0.8m to 1.5m, in particular in a range of 1.1m to 1.2m.
  • the shaped body 6 has a maximum extension along the longitudinal axis L in a range of 1.5 m to 2 m, in particular in a range of 1.7 m to 1.8 m.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a further exemplary embodiment of the shaped body 7.
  • the shaped body 7 is concavely curved, so that the top 11 has a concave curvature along the vertical direction Z. Otherwise, it is possible for the shaped body 6 and the shaped body 7 to have the same structure.
  • the layer stack 12 is placed on the top side 11 in such a way that the surface cooling body 3 faces the shaped body 7.
  • the PV laminate 1 and in particular the glass pane 13 are arranged facing away from the shaped body 7.
  • the PV laminate 3 is in direct contact with the top 11 of the shaped body 7.
  • This arrangement enables the curvature of the layer stack 12 to be comparable to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1A, in which the surface heat sink 3 is stretched more than the PV laminate 1 and in particular than the glass pane 13.
  • a planar photovoltaic-thermal module 4 according to FIG. 1B can then be realized.
  • the shaped body 7 has an indentation 9 or several indentations 9.
  • the indentations 9 serve to accommodate connection elements 8 of the PVT module 4.
  • the connection elements 8 are, for example, hydraulic connection pieces and/or electrical connections.
  • the indentations 9 enable sufficient contact between the top 11 and the surface heat sink 3 despite the connection element 8.
  • Figures 3A to 3G show schematic views and various exemplary embodiments of the shaped body 6.
  • the concavely curved shaped body 7 has the same features according to exemplary embodiments and designs. Therefore, the features are explained below in connection with the shaped body 6 and also apply to the shaped body 7.
  • Figure 3A shows a top view along the vertical direction Z of the surface 11 of the shaped body 6.
  • the top 11 according to FIG. 3A is designed to be completely flat and in particular has no interruptions. This means that a large contact surface between the PV material 1 and the top 11 is possible.
  • the shaped body 6 is formed, for example, from a solid body 15 (FIG. 3E).
  • the shaped body 6 with the continuous top side 11 is formed from a single block of material, for example milled out, and the solid body 15 is thus formed.
  • Figure 3B shows a top view along the vertical direction Z of the shaped body 6 according to a further exemplary embodiment.
  • the shaped body 6 is formed from a plurality of rods 11. The bars are arranged side by side in the same direction.
  • the rods 10 extend along the vertical direction Z. Ends 17 of the rods 10 form the top 11 of the shaped body 6.
  • the top 11 has recesses 16 between the rods 10.
  • the top 11 is therefore not designed to have a full surface area, but rather with interruptions that are formed by means of the recesses 16.
  • the rods 10 are arranged so that the curved top 11 is formed.
  • the rods 10 have different lengths along the vertical direction Z for this purpose. In the gaps and through the recess 16 there is in particular a Good heat transport possible, for example to enable good cooling of the layer stack 12.
  • FIG. 3C shows a sectional view or a side view of the molded body 6 along a plane which is spanned by the longitudinal axis L and the vertical direction Z.
  • the curvature has a radius R.
  • the radius has a value in a range from 1.5m to 13m.
  • Figure 3D shows a sectional view along a plane that is spanned by the transverse axis B and the vertical direction Z, i.e. in particular through a plane transverse to the plane of Figure 3C.
  • the radius has a value in a range from Im to 10m.
  • the shaped body 6 is, for example, curved on the top 11, as shown in FIGS. 30 and 3D.
  • the curvature has a radius R.
  • the curvature is thus formed along the longitudinal axis L (Figure 30) and along the transverse axis B ( Figure 3D). It is possible that the two radii shown in Figures 30 and 3D are the same. It is also possible that the two radii shown in Figures 30 and 3D are different from each other.
  • the shaped body 6 is curved only along a single one of the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis B, i.e. either as shown in Figure 30 or as shown in Figure 3D and not both.
  • the shaped body 6 is along the other of the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis B then not curved, but has a straight course on the top 11 in the sectional view.
  • Figure 3F shows a side view of the shaped body 6 according to Figure 3B.
  • the rods 10 are arranged next to one another along the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis B.
  • the ends 17 together form the top 11.
  • the recesses 16 are arranged between the rods 10.
  • Figure 3G shows the shaped body 6 according to a further exemplary embodiment.
  • the shaped body 6 is formed from a plurality of flat plates 14.
  • the plates 14 are each extended flatly along the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis B.
  • the plates 14 are stacked on top of one another along the vertical direction Z.
  • the plates 14 have, in particular, different surface dimensions compared to one another. In the vertical direction Z, for example, the plates 14 become smaller and smaller, so that the curved top 11 is formed.
  • a part of the shaped body 6 is formed from the shaped body 15, a part is formed from the plates 14 and another part is formed from the rods 10. It is also possible that only the solid body 15, only the plates 14 or only the rods 10 are present and are connected, for example, to the heating plate 5 or the cooling plate 5. Curves along only one of the longitudinal axes L and the transverse axis B or along both axes L, B are possible both in the solid body 15, the plates 14 and the rods 10. The degree of curvature is determined in particular by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the PV laminate 1 with the glass pane 13 and the surface heat sink 13.
  • the curvature is designed to be as large as the curvatures that would occur due to the different thermal expansion coefficients, but in the opposite direction along the vertical direction Z.
  • the degree of curvature of the top 11 therefore depends on the materials used and/or alloys of the layers of the layer stack 12, in particular on the material of the surface heat sink 3 and on the type of glass pane 13.
  • the curvature of the top 11 depends, for example, on the thickness of the layers of the layer stack 12. It is also possible that the curvature of the top 11 depends on the type of surface heat sink 3, i.e. in particular whether the surface heat sink 3 has two plates 3a, 3b (FIG. 4) or just a single plate 3b.
  • Figure 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the photovoltaic thermal module 4.
  • the PVT module 4 has the front glass 13.
  • a rear wall film 105 is located on a side opposite the front glass 13.
  • Several, for example crystalline solar cells 102, are connected to one another via electrical cell connectors 103 and arranged between the front glass 13 and the rear wall film 105.
  • the PVT module 4 is mechanically supported, for example, by a support frame 107, for example made of aluminum.
  • the PVT module 4 has the surface heat sink 3, in particular made of aluminum.
  • Such surface heat sinks 3, also referred to as cooling plates, are used, for example, in automobile technology.
  • the surface heat sink 3 has, for example, two thin aluminum sheets 3a, 3b.
  • a connecting means is provided for connecting the two panels 3a, 3b.
  • a channel structure with a large number of cooling channels 3c is impressed into one of the two plates 3a, 3b, for example by a punching process.
  • This channel structure for example, consists of many branches and is optimized to dissipate heat as efficiently as possible and to enable pressure losses to be as low as possible.
  • the Al cooling plate 3 is, for example, glued or laminated to the back wall film 105 by means of an adhesive layer 109.
  • the surface heat sink 3 according to Figure 4 is based in particular on the aluminum plates 3a, 3b, which have a thickness of approximately 1 mm, for example.
  • An inner diameter of the cooling channels 3c is, for example, between 1 mm and 15 mm and can be different along the channels. It is also possible to form the surface heat sink 3 from glass plates. It is also possible to form the surface heat sink 3 from just a single plate 3b with the cooling channels 3c, which directly adjoins the adhesive layer 109 or the back wall film 105.
  • the surface heat sink 3 has, for example, exactly one inlet and one return, which are not explicitly shown in FIG. 4. Starting from the flow and return, the cooling channels 3c branch out, so that with As the distance from the flow and/or return increases, the width of the cooling channels can decrease.
  • the branches are bifurcations or trifurcations.
  • the PVT module 4 is designed as described in the patent application PCT/EP2022/072670.
  • the PVT module 4 is designed as in the patent application DE 10 2022 123 915. 2 describe.
  • PV modules or simply PV modules are already a pillar of energy supply today and will become significantly more important in the future as a fossil-free and CO2-free energy supply.
  • the costs have increased by approx. in the last 10 years. 90% has fallen, so that solar power is now the cheapest form of electricity generation worldwide.
  • a PV module today only converts approx. 20% of the solar energy irradiated is converted into electricity, the rest is lost as waste heat.
  • PV module If the waste heat is made usable, the overall ef fi ciency of a PV module can be significantly increased.
  • PV modules are called photovoltaic thermal modules or PVT modules for short. In addition to electrical energy, they also produce heat, mostly in the form of hot water.
  • the PVT module 4 described here is based, among other things, on the following considerations: in the production of the PVT modules 4, the materials used have different physical properties.
  • the front cover of a solar module is usually made of glass, in particular the glass pane 13.
  • the cooling plate or heat exchanger plate, also known as a surface heat sink 3 can be described as is usually made of metal. Both materials have very different mechanical expansion coefficients. However, the two materials are preferably joined together through a lamination process at high temperatures. E.g. using EVA film, which can also be referred to as lamination film 3, at approx. 130°C - 140°C.
  • the different expansion coefficients can cause the layer stack 12 and/or the PVT module 4 to bend because the aluminum contracts more strongly than the glass. This leads to mechanical stresses and can mean that the module 4 can no longer be framed, for example the support frame 107 can be mounted. Furthermore, it can also affect long-term stability. In addition, the bending of the PVT module 4 occurs not only when it cools down from the lamination temperature, but also during operation on the roof, where different temperatures between -20°C/-40°C and 80°C can also prevail.
  • the PVT module 4 described here now makes use, among other things, of the idea of having the PVT module 4 as flat as possible after lamination at room temperature.
  • the module 4 is “overstretched” after the lamination process at still high temperatures either in air or in a cooling press.
  • the mechanical lens 6, 7 is used, which can also be referred to as a shaped body 6, 7 and on which the PVT module 4 is placed, for example, with the glass 13 facing down.
  • the convex shape 6, on which the module 4 is placed but it can also be placed inverted into the concave shape 7. This would have the additional advantage that any existing, protruding connectors, which can also be referred to as connecting element 8, can be incorporated into the mold 7.
  • the PVT module 4 cools down in this form.
  • the shape or bend precisely compensates for the deflection that normally occurs in the other direction of the PVT module 4, so that it is flat or almost flat at room temperature.
  • the PVT module 4 is already placed in the corresponding mold 6, 7 during the lamination process, so that the over-stretching takes place during the lamination at high temperatures, during which the materials actually bond to one another. This is then even more effective.
  • the mechanical lens 6, 7 can be made of metal or plastic, can be full-surface or just a skeletal structure (cost savings). It can also only consist of (metal) rods 10 of different heights or of metal plates 14 of different heights that are layered one on top of the other. The structure can be milled from solid or otherwise assembled.
  • the structure can have a lens shape in a single direction L, B, but preferably the same in both directions L, B, so that the PVT module is ultimately flat in all directions.
  • Areas of application for the PVT module 4 described here are solar cells 102 of all types, for example crystalline or bifacial crystalline modules or thin-film modules. Furthermore, the following areas of application for modules 4 come into consideration in particular: rooftop, industry, open space, low-temperature heating networks, floating systems (also referred to as floating PV), large open-space solar parks, especially in hot areas such as the USA, India, Spain, Arabia, Australia, Chile
  • the molded body 6, 7 described here enables improved reliability and quality of the PVT modules through double joining using gluing/lamination and clamping. A significant simplification of the production process is possible. Significantly less use of expensive materials, lower costs and greater economic efficiency can be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un corps façonné (6, 7) pour la fabrication d'un module photovoltaïque, en particulier d'un module photovoltaïque thermique (4), comprenant : - une face supérieure (11) qui est incurvée de manière concave ou convexe dans une direction de hauteur (Z) afin de courber un empilement de couches (12) comprenant au moins deux couches (1, 2, 3) pour le module photovoltaïque (4). L'invention concerne également un procédé de traitement d'un empilement de couches (12) pour un module photovoltaïque.
PCT/EP2023/067827 2022-08-02 2023-06-29 Corps façonné et procédé pour un module photovoltaïque WO2024028007A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022119331 2022-08-02
DE102022119331.4 2022-08-02
DE102023100868.4A DE102023100868A1 (de) 2022-08-02 2023-01-16 Formkörper und Verfahren für ein Photovoltaik-Modul
DE102023100868.4 2023-01-16

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WO2024028007A1 true WO2024028007A1 (fr) 2024-02-08

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JP2014190669A (ja) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 太陽光熱ハイブリッドパネル及びソーラーシステム
WO2015184402A1 (fr) 2014-05-29 2015-12-03 Fafco Incorporated Module photovoltaïque intégré refroidi par un fluide
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US20190389180A1 (en) * 2016-11-24 2019-12-26 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method for producing a curved composite glass pane having a thin glass pane
KR102126632B1 (ko) * 2019-07-01 2020-06-24 승현 이 태양광 패널의 곡면 처리 방법
CN214620123U (zh) * 2021-01-12 2021-11-05 天津城建大学 基于太阳能分光谱综合利用的高效聚光型系统
WO2023030866A1 (fr) * 2021-09-06 2023-03-09 Sunmaxx PVT GmbH Module photovoltaïque-thermique et système solaire
DE102022123915A1 (de) 2022-09-19 2024-03-21 Sunmaxx PVT GmbH Photovoltaik-thermisches Modul

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JPH04104122A (ja) * 1990-08-23 1992-04-06 Toyota Motor Corp 曲面ガラス基板の成形型
JP2012114331A (ja) * 2010-11-26 2012-06-14 Koito Mfg Co Ltd 太陽電池モジュール
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KR102126632B1 (ko) * 2019-07-01 2020-06-24 승현 이 태양광 패널의 곡면 처리 방법
CN214620123U (zh) * 2021-01-12 2021-11-05 天津城建大学 基于太阳能分光谱综合利用的高效聚光型系统
WO2023030866A1 (fr) * 2021-09-06 2023-03-09 Sunmaxx PVT GmbH Module photovoltaïque-thermique et système solaire
DE102022123915A1 (de) 2022-09-19 2024-03-21 Sunmaxx PVT GmbH Photovoltaik-thermisches Modul

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