WO2024027435A1 - 光发送模块、光发送设备和调整调顶深度的方法 - Google Patents

光发送模块、光发送设备和调整调顶深度的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024027435A1
WO2024027435A1 PCT/CN2023/105355 CN2023105355W WO2024027435A1 WO 2024027435 A1 WO2024027435 A1 WO 2024027435A1 CN 2023105355 W CN2023105355 W CN 2023105355W WO 2024027435 A1 WO2024027435 A1 WO 2024027435A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
depth
optical
top adjustment
processor
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PCT/CN2023/105355
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋方
林友熙
孙晓斌
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2024027435A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024027435A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
    • H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of optical communications, and in particular to an optical sending module, an optical sending device and a method for adjusting the top adjustment depth.
  • low-speed topping signals can be modulated on high-speed business signals.
  • the top adjustment signal can be used for remote information monitoring, fault location, intelligent operation and maintenance, etc.
  • the topping depth represents the ratio of the energy of the topping signal to the energy of the service signal.
  • the size of the top adjustment depth affects the reliability of the top adjustment communication and business communication. Specifically, excessive topping depth will worsen the signal-to-noise ratio of the service signal and affect the accuracy of the service signal. Too small a top-adjustment depth will worsen the signal-to-noise ratio of the top-adjustment signal and affect the accuracy of the top-adjustment signal.
  • the top-adjustment depth of the laser can be calibrated with the help of calibration equipment (such as an oscilloscope) before leaving the factory.
  • the calibrated peaking depth will change with the operating temperature or aging of the laser, thus affecting the reliability of communication.
  • This application provides an optical sending module, optical sending equipment and a method for adjusting the top adjustment depth.
  • a first aspect of this application provides an optical sending module.
  • the optical sending module includes a laser, a photodetector, a processor and a drive circuit.
  • the laser is used to output a forward light signal and a backlight signal according to the driving signal of the driving circuit.
  • the forward light signal and the back light signal carry the top adjustment signal.
  • the top adjustment signal is obtained based on the driving signal.
  • Photodetectors are used to convert backlight signals into analog electrical signals.
  • the processor is used to convert analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals.
  • the processor is also used to obtain the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal according to the digital electrical signal, and change the driving signal according to the top adjustment depth.
  • the driving circuit is used to drive the laser according to the changed driving signal.
  • the optical sending module further includes an amplifier.
  • Amplifiers are used to amplify analog electrical signals.
  • Digital-to-analog converters are used to convert amplified analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals. In practical applications, the power of the backlight signal is smaller. By amplifying the analog electrical signal, the accuracy of the converted digital electrical signal can be improved, thereby improving the accuracy of the adjusted topping depth. Therefore, this application can improve the reliability of communication.
  • the optical sending module further includes a filter.
  • Filters are used to filter analog electrical signals.
  • a digital-to-analog converter is used to convert filtered analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals.
  • the topping signal is a low frequency signal.
  • analog electrical signals will also include high-frequency business signals and glitch signals.
  • the processor is configured to change the driving signal according to the lifting depth and the target lifting depth range.
  • the top adjustment depth is not within the target top adjustment depth range.
  • the processor is used to change the driving signal of the driving circuit according to the top-adjustment depth and the target top-adjustment depth range.
  • the processor does not need to change the drive signal of the drive circuit. Therefore, this application can reduce the workload of the processor, thereby saving the processing resources of the processor.
  • the processor is further configured to receive the target signal.
  • the target signal indicates that the received bit error rate or signal-to-noise ratio of the topping signal does not meet the first condition.
  • the processor is also used to adjust the target top adjustment depth range according to the target signal so that the average top adjustment signal The top adjustment depth increases. Affected by the quality of the communication link and the optical receiving equipment, the acceptable range of the top adjustment depth of the optical receiving equipment may be different. In this application, by adjusting the target top-up depth range, the reliability of communication can be improved.
  • the processor is further configured to receive a power-on signal.
  • the processor is used to change the driving signal according to the top adjustment depth and the power-on signal, so that the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal increases.
  • the processor is further configured to receive the target alarm.
  • Target alarms include any one or more of the following alarms: laser optical power is too high alarm, laser optical power is too low alarm, business information loss alarm and sudden power failure alarm.
  • the processor is configured to change the driving signal according to the top adjustment depth and the target alarm, so that the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal increases.
  • the top adjustment signal carries relevant information about the target alarm.
  • the processor is further configured to obtain the first threshold current of the laser according to the driving signal and the top adjustment depth.
  • the processor is also used to obtain the second threshold current of the laser, and generate a life warning of the laser based on the first threshold current and the second threshold current.
  • the first threshold current and the second threshold current satisfy the second condition.
  • a second aspect of this application provides an optical sending module.
  • the optical sending module includes a laser, a photodetector, a processor and a drive circuit.
  • the laser is used to output a forward light signal and a backlight signal according to the driving signal of the driving circuit.
  • the forward light signal and the back light signal carry the top adjustment signal.
  • the top adjustment signal is obtained based on the driving signal.
  • Photodetectors are used to convert backlight signals into analog electrical signals.
  • the processor is used to convert analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals.
  • the processor is also used to obtain the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal based on the digital electrical signal.
  • the processor is also used to obtain the first threshold current of the laser according to the top adjustment depth and the driving signal.
  • the processor is also used to obtain the second threshold current of the laser.
  • the processor is also used to generate a life warning of the laser according to the first threshold current and the second threshold current.
  • the first threshold current and the second threshold current satisfy the second condition.
  • the third aspect of this application provides an optical sending device.
  • the optical sending device includes a service signal processor and the optical sending module described in the first aspect, any one of the optional modes of the first aspect, or the second aspect.
  • the service signal processor is used to transmit service electrical signals to the optical sending module.
  • the optical sending module is used to output forward optical signals and backward optical signals according to service electrical signals.
  • the forward optical signal and the back optical signal carry the traffic signal.
  • the service signal is obtained based on the service electrical signal.
  • the fourth aspect of this application provides a method for adjusting the top adjustment depth.
  • the method of adjusting the top adjustment depth can be applied to optical sending modules or optical sending equipment.
  • the following description takes optical transmitting equipment as an example.
  • the optical sending device outputs a forward light signal and a backlight signal according to the driving signal.
  • the forward light signal and the back light signal carry the top adjustment signal.
  • the top adjustment signal is obtained based on the driving signal.
  • the optical transmitting device converts the backlight signal into an analog electrical signal.
  • Optical transmitting equipment converts analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals.
  • the optical sending device obtains the top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal based on the digital electrical signal.
  • the light sending device changes the driving signal according to the top adjustment depth.
  • the method for adjusting the top adjustment depth further includes the following steps: the optical sending device amplifies the analog electrical signal.
  • the optical sending device converts the amplified analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal.
  • the method for adjusting the top adjustment depth further includes the following steps: the optical sending device filters the analog electrical signal.
  • the optical sending device converts the filtered analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal.
  • the light sending device changes the driving signal according to the top adjustment depth and the target top adjustment depth range.
  • the top-adjustment depth is not within the target top-adjustment depth range.
  • the method for adjusting the top adjustment depth further includes the following steps: the optical sending device receives the target signal.
  • the target signal indicates that the received bit error rate or signal-to-noise ratio of the topping signal does not meet the first condition.
  • the optical sending device adjusts the target top-adjustment depth range according to the target signal, so that the average top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal increases.
  • the method for adjusting the top adjustment depth further includes the following steps: the optical sending device receives a power-on signal.
  • the optical sending device changes the driving signal according to the top-adjustment depth and the power-on signal, so that the top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal increases.
  • the method for adjusting the top adjustment depth further includes the following steps: the optical sending device receives the target alarm.
  • Target alarms include any one or more of the following alarms: laser output optical power is too high alarm, laser output optical power is too low alarm, business information loss alarm and sudden power failure alarm.
  • Light transmitting devices include lasers.
  • the optical sending device changes the drive according to the top adjustment depth and target alarm. The signal is activated so that the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal increases. The top adjustment signal carries relevant information about the target alarm.
  • the method for adjusting the top adjustment depth further includes the following steps: the light sending device outputs a changed forward light signal and a changed backlight signal according to the changed driving signal.
  • the changed forward light signal and the changed backlight signal carry the changed top-adjustment signal.
  • the optical transmitting device converts the changed backlight signal into a changed analog electrical signal.
  • the optical transmitting device converts the changed analog electrical signal into a changed digital electrical signal.
  • the optical sending device obtains the changed top adjustment depth according to the changed digital electrical signal.
  • the light sending device changes the changed driving signal according to the changed top adjustment depth.
  • the optical sending device can periodically adjust the driving signal. By periodically adjusting the driving signal, the impact of laser operating temperature changes or aging on the top adjustment depth can be further reduced, thereby improving communication reliability.
  • the method for adjusting the top adjustment depth further includes the following steps: the light sending device obtains the first threshold current according to the driving signal and the top adjustment depth.
  • the light sending device obtains the second threshold current according to the changed driving signal and the changed top adjustment depth.
  • the light sending device generates a lifespan warning based on the first threshold current and the second threshold current. The first threshold current and the second threshold current satisfy the second condition.
  • the fifth aspect of this application provides a method of generating a lifespan early warning.
  • the method of generating a lifetime warning can be applied to an optical transmitting device or an optical transmitting device.
  • the following description takes optical transmitting equipment as an example.
  • the method for the optical sending device to generate a lifespan warning includes the following steps: the optical sending device outputs a forward light signal and a backlight signal according to the driving signal and the laser. The forward light signal and the back light signal carry the top adjustment signal. The top adjustment signal is obtained based on the driving signal.
  • the optical transmitting device converts the backlight signal into an analog electrical signal.
  • Optical transmitting equipment converts analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals.
  • the optical sending device obtains the top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal based on the digital electrical signal.
  • the light sending device is also used to obtain the first threshold current of the laser according to the top adjustment depth and the driving signal. Similarly, at another moment, the light sending device obtains the second threshold current of the laser. The light sending device generates a life warning of the laser according to the first threshold current and the second threshold current. The first threshold current and the second threshold current satisfy the second condition.
  • Figure 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of an optical sending module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of an optical sending module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a third structural schematic diagram of an optical sending module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a fourth structural schematic diagram of an optical sending module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical sending device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic flow chart of a method for adjusting the top adjustment depth provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for generating a lifespan warning provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • This application provides an optical sending module, optical sending equipment and a method for adjusting the top adjustment depth.
  • the optical sending module in this application is used in the field of optical communications.
  • low-speed topping signals can be modulated on high-speed business signals.
  • the top-adjustment depth of the laser can be calibrated with the help of external equipment before leaving the factory.
  • the calibrated peaking depth will deteriorate as the operating temperature of the laser changes or ages, thus affecting the reliability of communication.
  • Figure 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of an optical sending module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the light transmitting module 100 includes a laser 101 , a photodetector 102 , a processor 103 and a driving circuit 104 .
  • the laser 101 may be a directly modulated laser or an externally modulated laser.
  • Directly modulated lasers are also called directly modulated lasers.
  • Directly modulated lasers can be distributed feedback (DFB) lasers or vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (vertical cavity surface emitting lasers). emitting laser, VCSEL), etc.
  • External modulation of the laser requires an external modulator.
  • the externally modulated laser can be an electroabsorption modulated laser or a DC laser.
  • the laser 101 is used to output a forward light signal and a backlight signal according to the driving signal of the driving circuit 104 .
  • the driving signal is used to generate the topping signal.
  • the driving signal may include any one or more of the following: top adjustment current, modulation current and bias current.
  • the laser 101 when the laser 101 is a directly modulated laser, the laser 101 can also be used to receive service electrical signals.
  • Business electrical signals are also called modulated signals.
  • Service electrical signals are used to generate service signals.
  • the forward light signal and the back light signal carry the same information. Therefore, both the forward optical signal and the back optical signal include the top signal and the service signal.
  • the photodetector 102 may be a monitoring photodiode (MPD).
  • MPD monitoring photodiode
  • the photodetector 102 is used to convert backlight signals into analog electrical signals.
  • the photodetector 102 can be packaged together with the laser 101 inside the optical transmitter.
  • the processor 103 may be a micro control unit (MCU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or the like.
  • the processor 103 is configured to receive analog electrical signals from the photodetector 102 and convert the analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals.
  • the processor 103 is also configured to obtain the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal according to the digital electrical signal.
  • the topping depth represents the ratio of the energy of the topping signal to the energy of the service signal.
  • the processor 103 can obtain the top adjustment depth H according to the following formula 1.
  • P1 represents the maximum optical signal amplitude of the top-adjusting signal.
  • P0 represents the small optical signal amplitude of the top signal.
  • the processor 103 can obtain the power or amplitude value of the digital electrical signal. Power or amplitude values include P1, P0 and average power (P1+P0)/2. The processor 103 obtains the top adjustment depth H according to any two values of power or amplitude.
  • the processor 103 is also used to change the driving signal of the driving circuit 104 according to the top adjustment depth.
  • the driving signal includes one or more of top adjustment current, modulation current and bias current.
  • the relationship between the driving signal and the top adjustment depth H can be expressed by the following formula 2, formula 3 or formula 4.
  • I tone represents the top adjustment current.
  • I mod represents the modulation current.
  • I bias represents the bias current.
  • i th represents the threshold current.
  • the laser 101 may be a directly modulated laser or an externally modulated laser.
  • the coupling mode of the laser 101 includes DC coupling and AC coupling.
  • the processor 103 can be used to obtain the top-tuning depth H according to Formula 2.
  • the processor 103 may be used to obtain the top-tuning depth H according to Equation 3.
  • the top modulating current can be loaded on the bias current of the laser 101. At this time, the processor 103 can be used to obtain the top adjustment depth H according to Formula 4.
  • the processor 103 may be configured to change one or more of the top current, the modulation current, and the bias current according to the top depth.
  • the processor 103 may be configured to change one or more of the topping current and the bias current according to the topping depth.
  • the driving circuit 104 may include a laser driving circuit and a topping generating circuit.
  • the processor 103 may change one or more of the top current, the modulation current, and the bias current through the laser driving circuit and the top generation circuit.
  • Figure 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of an optical sending module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the driving circuit 104 includes a laser driving circuit 201 and a topping generating circuit 202 .
  • Laser driver circuit 201 is used to generate modulation current and bias current.
  • the top adjustment generating circuit 202 is used to generate a top adjustment current.
  • the processor 103 is connected to the laser driving circuit 201 and the topping generating circuit 202 respectively.
  • the processor 103 may be used to change the modulation current or bias current of the laser driving circuit 201 according to the top adjustment depth.
  • the processor 103 may also be configured to change the top adjustment current of the top adjustment generation circuit 202 according to the top adjustment depth.
  • the processor 103 may be used to obtain the target top adjustment depth range.
  • the processor 103 is configured to adjust the Adjusting the top depth range changes the drive signal. Specifically, when the lifting depth is not within the target lifting depth range, the processor 103 is configured to change the driving signal of the driving circuit 104 according to the lifting depth. When the lifting depth is within the target lifting depth range, the processor 103 does not need to change the driving signal of the driving circuit 104 .
  • the target topping depth range is 6%-10%.
  • the processor 103 does not need to change the driving signal of the driving circuit 104 .
  • the processor 103 When the top adjustment depth H obtained by the processor 103 is 5%, the processor 103 is used to change the drive signal of the drive circuit 104 so that the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal increases. When the top adjustment depth H obtained by the processor 103 is 11%, the processor 103 is used to change the drive signal of the drive circuit 104 so that the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal decreases.
  • the modulation of the modulation signal can be Top depth increases.
  • the top depth of the top signal can be reduced.
  • the optical sending module 100 can periodically adjust the top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal.
  • the driving circuit 104 is used to drive the laser 101 according to the changed driving signal.
  • the laser 101 outputs a backlight signal and a forward light signal according to the changed driving signal.
  • the photodetector 102 is used to convert the backlight signal into an analog electrical signal again.
  • the processor 103 is used to convert the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal again.
  • the processor 103 is also configured to obtain the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal according to the digital electrical signal again. If the top adjustment depth is not within the target top adjustment depth range, the processor 103 is also configured to change the driving signal according to the top adjustment depth again.
  • the driving circuit 104 is used to drive the laser 101 according to the changed driving signal again.
  • the acceptance range of the top adjustment depth of the optical receiving device may be different due to the quality of the communication link and the optical receiving device.
  • the top-adjustment depth is between 6% and 10%
  • the first light-receiving device can normally receive the top-adjustment signal, but the second light-receiving device cannot normally receive the top-adjustment signal. Therefore, in order to improve the reliability of communication, the optical sending module can adjust the target topping depth range based on feedback from the optical receiving device.
  • the optical sending module 100 receives the target signal from the optical receiving device.
  • the target signal indicates that the received bit error rate or signal-to-noise ratio of the topping signal does not meet the first condition. For example, the receiving bit error rate is greater than the threshold, or the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the threshold.
  • the processor 103 is configured to obtain the target signal, and adjust the target top adjustment depth range according to the target signal, so that the average top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal increases.
  • the average topping depth refers to the average value of the target topping depth range. For example, when the target topping depth range is 6% to 10%, the average topping depth of the topping signal is 8%. When the target topping depth range is 8% to 10%, the average topping depth of the topping signal is 9%.
  • the optical sending module 100 receives the target signal from the optical receiving device.
  • the target signal indicates that the received bit error rate or signal-to-noise ratio of the service signal does not meet the first condition. For example, the receiving bit error rate is greater than the threshold, or the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the threshold.
  • the processor 103 is configured to obtain the target signal, and adjust the target top-adjustment depth range according to the target signal, so that the average top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal is reduced.
  • the optical transmitting module 100 when the optical transmitting module 100 is first powered on, the optical transmitting module 100 needs to transmit a handshake signal to the optical receiving device through an adjustment signal.
  • the optical sending module 100 can increase the top adjustment depth.
  • the processor 103 is also configured to receive a power-on signal, and change the driving signal according to the top-adjustment depth and the power-on signal, so that the top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal increases.
  • the optical sending module 100 may encounter some emergencies. Unexpected situations may affect subsequent data transmission.
  • emergencies can include laser optical power alarms that are too high, laser optical power that is too low, business information loss alarms, and sudden power outage alarms.
  • the optical sending module 100 can increase the top adjustment depth.
  • the processor 103 is also used to receive target alarms.
  • Target alarms include any one or more of the following alarms: laser optical power is too high alarm (also called laser output optical power is too high alarm), laser optical power is too low alarm (also called laser output optical power is too low alarm) , business information loss alarm and sudden power outage alarm.
  • the processor 103 is configured to change the driving signal according to the top adjustment depth and the target alarm, so that the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal increases.
  • the top adjustment signal carries relevant information about the target alarm. For example, the top adjustment signal carries the alarm code corresponding to the target alarm.
  • the embodiment of the present application by using the backlight signal of the laser to adjust the top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal, the impact of the operating temperature change or aging of the laser on the top-adjustment depth can be reduced, thereby improving the reliability of communication.
  • the top-adjustment depth can be adjusted in real time based on the feedback of the backlight signal, there is no need to calibrate the laser's top-adjustment depth with the help of external equipment before leaving the factory. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can also reduce the production cost of the optical sending module.
  • the calibrated top adjustment depth may be affected by the temperature during calibration, the noise of the calibration equipment, the differences between calibration equipment and the calibration method, resulting in poor calibration accuracy.
  • the embodiment of the present application can improve the accuracy of the top adjustment depth through periodic feedback adjustment.
  • FIG 3 is a third structural schematic diagram of an optical sending module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter 103 includes a digital-to-analog converter 301 and a drive signal processor 302.
  • the digital-to-analog converter 301 is used to receive analog electrical signals from the photodetector 102 and convert the analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals.
  • the driving signal processor 302 may be an MCU, DSP or FPGA, etc.
  • the driving signal processor 302 is configured to receive a digital electrical signal from the digital-to-analog converter 301, and obtain the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal according to the digital electrical signal.
  • the driving signal processor 302 is also used to change the driving signal of the driving circuit 104 according to the top adjustment depth.
  • the digital-to-analog converter 301 and the driving signal processor 302 are provided independently.
  • the digital-to-analog converter 301 can be integrated inside the driving signal processor 302 .
  • the driving signal processor 302 is also called a processor.
  • the drive signal processor 302 is used to perform steps that the digital-to-analog converter 301 can perform.
  • the driving signal processor 302 is configured to receive an analog electrical signal from the photodetector 102 and convert the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal.
  • FIG 4 is a fourth structural schematic diagram of an optical sending module provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, based on Figure 3, the optical sending module 100 also includes an amplifier 401 and a filter 402. Amplifier 401 may be a transimpedance amplifier or an operational amplifier. The amplifier 401 is used to receive the analog electrical signal from the photodetector 102 and amplify the analog electrical signal. Filter 402 may be a low pass filter.
  • the filter 402 is used to receive the amplified analog electrical signal from the amplifier 401 and filter the amplified analog telecommunication signal.
  • the filter 402 is also used to transmit the filtered analog electrical signal to the processor 103 .
  • Amplified analog electrical signals will carry glitches.
  • analog electrical signals also include high-frequency service signals.
  • the optical sending terminal in the aforementioned Figures 1 to 4 is just an example provided by the embodiment of the present application. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can make exemplary modifications to the structure of the optical transmitting terminal according to requirements.
  • the optical transmitting terminal 100 further includes an amplifier.
  • the driving circuit 104 may include a laser driving circuit 201 and a topping generating circuit 202 .
  • the optical transmitting terminal 100 does not include a filter.
  • the laser 101 has a certain service life and may fail during operation.
  • an optical transmission module can provide early warning of the service life of the laser.
  • the light transmitting module 100 includes a laser 101 , a photodetector 102 , a processor 103 and a driving circuit 104 .
  • the laser 101 is used to output a forward light signal and a backlight signal according to the driving signal of the driving circuit 104 .
  • the forward light signal and the back light signal carry the top adjustment signal.
  • the top adjustment signal is obtained based on the driving signal.
  • the photodetector 102 is used to convert backlight signals into analog electrical signals.
  • the processor 103 is used to convert analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals.
  • the processor 103 is also configured to obtain the top adjustment depth H of the top adjustment signal according to the digital electrical signal.
  • the processor 103 is also used to obtain the first threshold current of the laser 101 according to the top adjustment depth H and the driving signal.
  • the processor 103 may obtain the first threshold current according to any one of the foregoing formulas 2 to 4.
  • the value of the top adjustment depth H can be obtained through formula 1.
  • the modulation current, bias current and top adjustment current are the driving signals output by the driving circuit.
  • the processor 103 can obtain the values of the driving signal, that is, the values of the modulation current, the bias current and the topping current. Therefore, the processor 103 can obtain the first threshold current according to Formula 2.
  • the processor 103 may obtain the second threshold current of the laser 101 in a similar manner.
  • the processor 103 is further configured to generate a life warning of the laser 101 based on the first threshold current and the second threshold current.
  • the second condition may be that the first coordinate and the second coordinate are on the life curve.
  • the first coordinate is (X, Y), and X and Y represent arbitrary values.
  • the second coordinate is (X+T, Y+(i th2 -i th1 )).
  • T represents the difference between the second moment and the first moment.
  • the processor 103 obtains the first threshold current at the first moment.
  • the processor 103 obtains the second threshold current at the second moment.
  • i th2 represents the second threshold current.
  • i th1 represents the first threshold current.
  • the second condition may be that the difference between the first threshold current and the second threshold current is greater than the threshold.
  • the optical sending module 100 may send the life alarm to the network management device.
  • the network management equipment can determine the service life of the laser 101 based on the life alarm. Before the end of its service life, maintenance personnel can replace the laser 101 in advance to ensure normal business communications.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical sending device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical sending device 500 includes an optical sending module 100 and a service signal processor 501 .
  • the service signal processor 501 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (network processor, NP) or a combination of CPU and NP.
  • the service signal processor 501 may also be a graphics processor (graphic processing unit, GPU).
  • the service signal processor 501 may further include a hardware chip or other general-purpose processor.
  • the above-mentioned hardware chip can be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or a combination thereof.
  • the service signal processor 501 is used to transmit service electrical signals to the laser 101 .
  • the laser 101 can also receive a driving signal from the driving circuit 104 . Therefore, the laser 101 can output a forward optical signal and a back optical signal according to the driving signal and the service electrical signal.
  • the forward light signal and the back light signal carry the same information.
  • the forward optical signal includes the top signal and the service signal. Among them, the top adjustment signal is obtained based on the driving signal.
  • the service signal is obtained based on the service electrical signal.
  • the optical transmitting device 500 may also include a memory.
  • the memory may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), or flash memory wait.
  • Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM).
  • the memory is connected to the optical sending module 100 and the service signal processor 501 respectively.
  • the target top adjustment depth range, life curve or business data, etc. can be stored in the memory.
  • the processor 103 may be configured to obtain the target topping depth range or the life curve from the memory.
  • the service signal processor 501 can be used to obtain service data from the memory and obtain service electrical signals according to the service data.
  • the optical sending device 500 may also include an optical receiving module.
  • the optical receiving module and the optical transmitting module 100 can be configured independently.
  • the optical receiving module and the optical transmitting module 100 can also be integrated on the same board.
  • the optical receiving module and the optical transmitting module 100 are collectively referred to as an optical transceiver module. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the optical transmitting module 100 may also be called an optical transceiver module.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical communication system 600 includes an optical sending device 500 and an optical receiving device 601; the two are connected through optical fibers.
  • the optical sending device 500 is used to transmit forward optical signals to the optical receiving device 601.
  • the forward optical signal includes the top signal and the service signal.
  • the optical receiving device 601 is used to receive forward optical signals from the optical transmitting device 500 . It should be understood that the light receiving device 601 can also transmit a forward optical signal to the light sending device 500 . Therefore, regarding the description of the light receiving device 601, reference may be made to the description of the light transmitting device 500.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for adjusting the top adjustment depth provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 7, the method of adjusting the top adjustment depth includes the following steps. The method of adjusting the top adjustment depth can be applied to optical sending modules or optical sending equipment. The following description takes the method of adjusting the top adjustment depth applied to optical transmitting equipment as an example.
  • the light sending device outputs a forward light signal and a backlight signal according to the driving signal.
  • the forward light signal and the back light signal carry the top adjustment signal.
  • the top adjustment signal is obtained based on the driving signal.
  • the driving signal includes one or more of a threshold current, a topping current, a modulation current and a bias current.
  • Light transmitting devices include lasers. By receiving the drive signal, the laser outputs a forward light signal and a backlight signal; they carry the same information. In practical applications, lasers can also receive business electrical signals. At this time, the forward optical signal and the back optical signal also carry service signals.
  • the optical transmitting device converts the backlight signal into an analog electrical signal.
  • the light transmitting device includes a photodetector.
  • the light sending device converts the backlight signal into an analog electrical signal through a photodetector.
  • the optical transmitting device converts the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal.
  • Optical transmitting equipment includes digital-to-analog converters.
  • the optical sending device converts analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals through a digital-to-analog converter.
  • the optical sending device obtains the top adjustment depth of the top adjustment signal according to the digital electrical signal.
  • the optical sending device can obtain the energy amplitude P1 and average power (P1+P0)/2 of the digital electrical signal.
  • the optical sending device obtains the top adjustment depth H according to the energy amplitude and average power.
  • the light sending device changes the driving signal according to the top adjustment depth.
  • the threshold current, top adjustment current, modulation current and bias current will all affect the size of the top adjustment depth. Therefore, the light transmitting device may be used to change one or more of the threshold current, the topping current, the modulation current and the bias current according to the topping depth. For example, when the top modulation depth is too large, the sending device increases the modulation One or more of current and bias current. When the top adjustment depth is too small, the light transmitting device reduces one or more of the modulation current and the bias current.
  • the light transmitting device changes the driving signal according to the target top-adjustment depth range and the top-adjustment depth.
  • the optical sending device before converting the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal, the optical sending device amplifies the analog electrical signal through an amplifier.
  • the optical transmitting device receives the target signal from the optical receiving device.
  • the target signal indicates that the received bit error rate or signal-to-noise ratio of the topping signal does not meet the first condition.
  • the optical sending device adjusts the target top-adjustment depth range according to the target signal, so that the average top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal increases.
  • the optical sending device may periodically perform the aforementioned steps 701 to 705. For example, after changing the driving signal, the light transmitting device outputs the changed forward light signal and the changed backlight signal according to the changed driving signal.
  • the changed forward light signal and the changed backlight signal carry the changed top-adjustment signal.
  • the optical transmitting device converts the changed backlight signal into a changed analog electrical signal.
  • the optical transmitting device converts the changed analog electrical signal into a changed digital electrical signal.
  • the optical sending device obtains the changed top adjustment depth according to the changed digital electrical signal.
  • the light sending device changes the changed driving signal according to the changed top adjustment depth.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for generating a lifespan warning provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method of adjusting the top adjustment depth includes the following steps.
  • the method of generating a lifespan warning can be applied to an optical transmitting module or an optical transmitting device.
  • the following description takes the method of generating life warnings applied to optical transmitting equipment as an example.
  • step 801 the optical sending device outputs a forward light signal and a backlight signal according to the driving signal, and the forward light signal and the backlight signal carry the top-adjusting signal.
  • step 802 the optical sending device obtains the top-adjustment depth of the top-adjustment signal based on the backlight signal.
  • step 802 and step 801 reference may be made to the descriptions of steps 701 to 704.
  • the light sending device obtains the first threshold current of the laser and obtains the second threshold current according to the top adjustment depth and the driving signal.
  • the light transmitting device can obtain the first threshold current according to the aforementioned formula 2.
  • the light sending device obtains the second threshold current of the laser.
  • the light sending device In step 804, the light sending device generates a life warning of the laser according to the first threshold current and the second threshold current.
  • the first threshold current and the second threshold current satisfy the second condition.
  • the optical sending device can send the life alarm to the network management device.
  • the network management equipment can determine the service life of the laser based on the life alarm. Before the end of its service life, maintenance personnel can replace the laser in advance to ensure normal business communications.
  • the second condition may be that the first coordinate and the second coordinate are on the life curve.
  • the first coordinate is (X, Y).
  • X, Y represent arbitrary values.
  • the second coordinate is (X+T, Y+(i th2 -i th1 )).
  • the light sending device can also change the driving signal according to the top adjustment depth.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种光发送模块，应用于光通信领域。光发送模块包括激光器、光电探测器、处理器和驱动电路。激光器用于根据驱动电路的驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带调顶信号。光电探测器用于将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。处理器用于将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。处理器还用于根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度，根据调顶深度改变驱动信号。驱动电路用于根据改变后的驱动信号驱动激光器。在本申请中，通过使用激光器的背向光信号来调整调顶信号的调顶深度，可以降低激光器的工作温度变化或老化对调顶深度的影响，从而提高通信的可靠性。

Description

光发送模块、光发送设备和调整调顶深度的方法
本申请要求于2022年8月5日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202210937548.3、申请名称为“光发送模块、光发送设备和调整调顶深度的方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光通信领域，尤其涉及光发送模块、光发送设备和调整调顶深度的方法。
背景技术
在光通信领域中，可以在高速的业务信号上调制低速的调顶信号。调顶信号可以用于远程信息监控、故障定位和智能运维等。
调顶深度表征调顶信号的能量与业务信号的能量的比值。调顶深度的大小影响调顶通信和业务通信的可靠性。具体地，过大的调顶深度会使得业务信号的信噪比变差，影响业务信号的准确度。过小的调顶深度会使得调顶信号的信噪比变差，影响调顶信号的准确度。在光通信系统中，为了控制调顶深度的大小，可以在出厂前借助标定设备(如示波器)对激光器的调顶深度进行标定。
在实际应用中，标定后的调顶深度会随着激光器的工作温度变化或老化发生变化，从而影响通信的可靠性。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种光发送模块、光发送设备和调整调顶深度的方法，通过使用激光器的背向光信号来调整调顶信号的调顶深度，可以降低激光器的工作温度变化或老化对调顶深度的影响，从而提高通信的可靠性。
本申请第一方面提供了一种光发送模块。光发送模块包括激光器、光电探测器、处理器和驱动电路。激光器用于根据驱动电路的驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带调顶信号。调顶信号是根据驱动信号得到的。光电探测器用于将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。处理器用于将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。处理器还用于根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度，根据调顶深度改变驱动信号。驱动电路用于根据改变后的驱动信号驱动激光器。
在第一方面的一种可选方式中，光发送模块还包括放大器。放大器用于放大模拟电信号。数模转换器用于将放大后的模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。在实际应用中，背向光信号的功率较小。通过放大模拟电信号，可以提高转换后的数字电信号的准确性，进而提高调整后的调顶深度的准确性。因此，本申请可以提高通信的可靠性。
在第一方面的一种可选方式中，光发送模块还包括滤波器。滤波器用于对模拟电信号进行滤波。数模转换器用于将滤波后的模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。调顶信号是低频信号。在实际应用中，模拟电信号还会包括高频的业务信号和毛刺信号。通过引入滤波器，可以降低业务信号和毛刺信号对调顶信号的影响，从而提高转换后的数字电信号的准确性。因此，本申请可以提高调整后的调顶深度的准确性，进而提高通信的可靠性。
在第一方面的一种可选方式中，处理器用于根据调顶深度和目标调顶深度范围改变驱动信号。调顶深度不在目标调顶深度范围内。当调顶深度不在目标调顶深度范围内时，处理器用于根据调顶深度和目标调顶深度范围改变驱动电路的驱动信号。当调顶深度在目标调顶深度范围内时，处理器无需改变驱动电路的驱动信号。因此，本申请可以降低处理器的工作量，从而节约处理器的处理资源。
在第一方面的一种可选方式中，处理器还用于接收目标信号。目标信号表征调顶信号的接收误码率或信噪比不满足第一条件。处理器还用于根据目标信号调整目标调顶深度范围，以使得调顶信号的平均 调顶深度增大。受到通信链路和光接收设备的质量的影响，光接收设备对调顶深度的接受范围可能不同。在本申请中，通过调整目标调顶深度范围，可以提高通信的可靠性。
在第一方面的一种可选方式中，处理器还用于接收上电信号。处理器用于根据调顶深度和上电信号改变驱动信号，使得调顶信号的调顶深度增大。在光发送模块刚上电时，光发送模块需要通过调顶信号向光接收设备传输握手信号。在本申请中，通过增大调顶深度，有利于提高握手成功率。
在第一方面的一种可选方式中，处理器还用于接收目标告警。目标告警包括以下任意一个或多个告警：激光器的光功率过高告警、激光器的光功率过低告警、业务信息丢失告警和突然掉电告警。处理器用于根据调顶深度和目标告警改变驱动信号，以使得调顶信号的调顶深度增大。调顶信号携带目标告警的相关信息。通过增大调顶深度，可以提高将目标告警传输至光接收设备的成功率。即使后续光发送模块无法再发送数据，维护人员也可以根据目标告警确定故障位置。因此，本申请可以提高运维效率。
在第一方面的一种可选方式中，处理器还用于根据驱动信号和调顶深度获取激光器的第一阈值电流。处理器还用于获取激光器的第二阈值电流，根据第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流生成激光器的寿命预警。第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流满足第二条件。通过生成寿命预警，可以方便运维人员提前更换激光器，保障正常的业务通信。因此，本申请可以提高通信的可靠性。
本申请第二方面提供了一种光发送模块。光发送模块包括激光器、光电探测器、处理器和驱动电路。激光器用于根据驱动电路的驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带调顶信号。调顶信号是根据驱动信号得到的。光电探测器用于将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。处理器用于将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。处理器还用于根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度。处理器还用于根据调顶深度和驱动信号获取激光器的第一阈值电流。类似地，在另一时刻，处理器还用于获取激光器的第二阈值电流。处理器还用于根据第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流生成激光器的寿命预警。第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流满足第二条件。通过生成寿命预警，可以方便运维人员提前更换激光器，保障正常的业务通信。因此，本申请可以提高通信的可靠性。
本申请第三方面提供了一种光发送设备。光发送设备包括业务信号处理器和前述第一方面、第一方面中任意一项可选方式或第二方面所述的光发送模块。业务信号处理器用于向光发送模块传输业务电信号。光发送模块用于根据业务电信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带业务信号。业务信号是根据业务电信号得到的。
本申请第四方面提供了一种调整调顶深度的方法。调整调顶深度的方法可以应用于光发送模块或光发送设备。下面以光发送设备为例进行描述。光发送设备根据驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带调顶信号。调顶信号是根据驱动信号得到的。光发送设备将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。光发送设备将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。光发送设备根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度。光发送设备根据调顶深度改变驱动信号。
在第四方面的一种可选方式中，调整调顶深度的方法还包括以下步骤：光发送设备放大模拟电信号。光发送设备将放大后的模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。
在第四方面的一种可选方式中，调整调顶深度的方法还包括以下步骤：光发送设备对模拟电信号进行滤波。光发送设备将滤波后的模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。
在第四方面的一种可选方式中，光发送设备根据调顶深度和目标调顶深度范围改变驱动信号。其中，调顶深度不在目标调顶深度范围内。
在第四方面的一种可选方式中，调整调顶深度的方法还包括以下步骤：光发送设备接收目标信号。目标信号表征调顶信号的接收误码率或信噪比不满足第一条件。光发送设备根据目标信号调整目标调顶深度范围，以使得调顶信号的平均调顶深度增大。
在第四方面的一种可选方式中，调整调顶深度的方法还包括以下步骤：光发送设备接收上电信号。光发送设备根据调顶深度和上电信号改变驱动信号，以使得调顶信号的调顶深度增大。
在第四方面的一种可选方式中，调整调顶深度的方法还包括以下步骤：光发送设备接收目标告警。目标告警包括以下任意一个或多个告警：激光器输出光功率过高告警、激光器输出光功率过低告警、业务信息丢失告警和突然掉电告警。光发送设备包括激光器。光发送设备根据调顶深度和目标告警改变驱 动信号，以使得调顶信号的调顶深度增大。调顶信号携带目标告警的相关信息。
在第四方面的一种可选方式中，调整调顶深度的方法还包括以下步骤：光发送设备根据改变后的驱动信号输出改变后的前向光信号和改变后的背向光信号。改变后的前向光信号和改变后的背向光信号携带改变后的调顶信号。光发送设备将改变后的背向光信号转换为改变后的模拟电信号。光发送设备将改变后的模拟电信号转换为改变后的数字电信号。光发送设备根据改变后的数字电信号获取改变后的调顶深度。光发送设备根据改变后的调顶深度改变改变后的驱动信号。在本申请中，光发送设备可以周期性的调整驱动信号。通过周期性的调整驱动信号，可以进一步降低激光器的工作温度变化或老化对调顶深度的影响，从而提高通信的可靠性。
在第四方面的一种可选方式中，调整调顶深度的方法还包括以下步骤：光发送设备根据驱动信号和调顶深度获取第一阈值电流。光发送设备根据改变后的驱动信号和改变后的调顶深度获取第二阈值电流。光发送设备根据第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流生成寿命预警。第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流满足第二条件。
本申请第五方面提供了一种生成寿命预警的方法。生成寿命预警的方法可以应用于光发送设备或光发送设备。下面以光发送设备为例进行描述。光发送设备生成寿命预警的方法包括以下步骤：光发送设备根据驱动信号和激光器输出前向光信号和背向光信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带调顶信号。调顶信号是根据驱动信号得到的。光发送设备将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。光发送设备将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。光发送设备根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度。光发送设备还用于根据调顶深度和驱动信号获取激光器的第一阈值电流。类似地，在另一时刻，光发送设备获取激光器的第二阈值电流。光发送设备根据第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流生成激光器的寿命预警。第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流满足第二条件。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的光发送模块的第一个结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的光发送模块的第二个结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的光发送模块的第三个结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的光发送模块的第四个结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的光发送设备的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的光通信系统的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的调整调顶深度的方法的流程示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的生成寿命预警的方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请提供了一种光发送模块、光发送设备和调整调顶深度的方法，通过使用激光器的背向光信号来调整调顶信号的调顶深度，可以降低激光器的工作温度变化或老化对调顶深度的影响，从而提高通信的可靠性。
应理解，本申请中使用的“第一”、“第二”、“目标”等仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。另外，为了简明和清楚，本申请多个附图中重复参考编号和/或字母。重复并不表明各种实施例和/或配置之间存在严格的限定关系。
本申请中的光发送模块应用于光通信领域。在光通信领域中，可以在高速的业务信号上调制低速的调顶信号。为了控制调顶信号的调顶深度，可以在出厂前借助外接设备对激光器的调顶深度进行标定。但是，标定后的调顶深度会随着激光器的工作温度变化或老化发生劣化，从而影响通信的可靠性。
为此，本申请提供了一种光发送模块。图1为本申请实施例提供的光发送模块的第一个结构示意图。如图1所示，光发送模块100包括激光器101、光电探测器102、处理器103和驱动电路104。
激光器101可以为直调激光器或外调激光器。直调激光器又称为直接调制激光器。直调激光器可以为分布式反馈(distributed feedback，DFB)激光器或垂直腔面发射激光器(vertical cavity surface  emitting laser，VCSEL)等。外调激光器需要外接调制器。外调激光器可以为电吸收调制激光器或直流激光器等。激光器101用于根据驱动电路104的驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号。驱动信号用于生成调顶信号。驱动信号可以包括以下任意一项或多项的内容：调顶电流、调制电流和偏置电流。在实际应用中，当激光器101为直调激光器时，激光器101还可以用于接收业务电信号。业务电信号也称为调制信号。业务电信号用于生成业务信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带相同的信息。因此，前向光信号和背向光信号都包括调顶信号和业务信号。
光电探测器102可以为监控光电二极管(monitoring photodiode，MPD)。光电探测器102用于将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。在实际应用中，光电探测器102可以和激光器101一起封装在光发射机内部。
处理器103可以是微控制单元(micro control unit，MCU)、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing，DSP)或现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)等。处理器103用于从光电探测器102接收模拟电信号，将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。处理器103还用于根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度。调顶深度表征调顶信号的能量与业务信号的能量的比值。处理器103可以根据以下公式1得到调顶深度H。
其中，P1表征调顶信号的大光信号幅度。P0表征调顶信号的小光信号幅度。在实际应用中，处理器103可以获取数字电信号的功率或幅度值。功率或幅度值包括P1、P0和平均功率(P1+P0)/2。处理器103根据功率或幅度值中的任意两个值得到调顶深度H。
处理器103还用于根据调顶深度改变驱动电路104的驱动信号。根据前面的描述可知，驱动信号包括调顶电流、调制电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项。驱动信号和调顶深度H的关系可以用以下公式2、公式3或公式4表示。


其中，Itone表示调顶电流。Imod表示调制电流。Ibias表示偏置电流。ith表示阈值电流。根据前述的描述可知，激光器101可以为直调激光器或外调激光器。激光器101的耦合方式包括直流耦合和交流耦合。其中，对于直流耦合的直调激光器，处理器103可以用于根据公式2得到调顶深度H。对于交流耦合的直调激光器，处理器103可以用于根据公式3得到调顶深度H。对于外调激光器，调顶电流可以加载在激光器101的偏置电流上。此时，处理器103可以用于根据公式4得到调顶深度H。
根据上述公式2和公式3可知，阈值电流、调顶电流、调制电流和偏置电流都会影响调顶深度的大小。但是，激光器的阈值电流无法调节。因此，处理器103可以用于根据调顶深度改变调顶电流、调制电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项。
根据上述公式4可知，阈值电流、调顶电流和偏置电流都会影响调顶深度的大小。但是，调激光器的阈值电流无法调节。因此，处理器103可以用于根据调顶深度改变调顶电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项。
在实际应用中，驱动电路104可以包括激光器驱动电路和调顶产生电路。处理器103可以通过激光器驱动电路和调顶产生电路改变调顶电流、调制电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项。图2为本申请实施例提供的光发送模块的第二个结构示意图。如图2所示，在图1的基础上，驱动电路104包括激光器驱动电路201和调顶产生电路202。激光器驱动电路201用于生成调制电流和偏置电流。调顶产生电路202用于生成调顶电流。处理器103分别和激光器驱动电路201、调顶产生电路202相连。处理器103可以用于根据调顶深度改变激光器驱动电路201的调制电流或偏置电流。处理器103还可以用于根据调顶深度改变调顶产生电路202的调顶电流。
在实际应用中，处理器103可以用于获取目标调顶深度范围。处理器103用于根据调顶深度和目标 调顶深度范围改变驱动信号。具体地，当调顶深度不在目标调顶深度范围内时，处理器103用于根据调顶深度改变驱动电路104的驱动信号。当调顶深度在目标调顶深度范围内时，处理器103则无需改变驱动电路104的驱动信号。例如，目标调顶深度范围为6％-10％。当调顶深度H为7％时，处理器103无需改变驱动电路104的驱动信号。当处理器103获取的调顶深度H为5％时，处理器103用于改变驱动电路104的驱动信号，以使得调顶信号的调顶深度增大。当处理器103获取的调顶深度H为11％时，处理器103用于改变驱动电路104的驱动信号，以使得调顶信号的调顶深度减小。
应理解，根据前述公式2至4可知，通过减小调制电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项，或增大调顶电流和阈值电流一项或多项，可以使得调顶信号的调顶深度增大。相反地，通过增大调制电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项，或减小调顶电流和阈值电流一项或多项，可以使得调顶信号的调顶深度减小。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，光发送模块100可以周期性地调整调顶信号的调顶深度。例如，在改变驱动电路104的驱动信号后，驱动电路104用于根据改变后的驱动信号驱动激光器101。激光器101根据改变后的驱动信号输出背向光信号和前向光信号。光电探测器102用于再次将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。处理器103用于再次将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。处理器103还用于再次根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度。若调顶深度不在目标调顶深度范围内，则处理器103还用于再次根据调顶深度改变驱动信号。驱动电路104用于再次根据改变后的驱动信号驱动激光器101。
在实际应用中，受到通信链路和光接收设备的质量的影响，光接收设备对调顶深度的接受范围可能不同。例如，调顶深度在6％至10％时，第一光接收设备正常接收调顶信号，第二光接收设备无法正常接收调顶信号。因此，为了提高通信的可靠性，光发送模块可以根据光接收设备的反馈调整目标调顶深度范围。
在一种可能的方式中，光发送模块100从光接收设备接收目标信号。目标信号表征调顶信号的接收误码率或信噪比不满足第一条件。例如，接收误码率大于阈值，或信噪比小于阈值。处理器103用于获取目标信号，根据目标信号调整目标调顶深度范围，以使得调顶信号的平均调顶深度增大。平均调顶深度是指目标调顶深度范围的平均值。例如，当目标调顶深度范围为6％至10％时，调顶信号的平均调顶深度为8％。当目标调顶深度范围为8％至10％时，调顶信号的平均调顶深度为9％。
在另一种可能的方式中，光发送模块100从光接收设备接收目标信号。目标信号表征业务信号的接收误码率或信噪比不满足第一条件。例如，接收误码率大于阈值，或信噪比小于阈值。处理器103用于获取目标信号，根据目标信号调整目标调顶深度范围，以使得调顶信号的平均调顶深度减小。
在实际应用中，在光发送模块100刚上电时，光发送模块100需要通过调顶信号向光接收设备传输握手信号。为了提高握手成功率，光发送模块100可以增大调顶深度。具体地，处理器103还用于接收上电信号，根据调顶深度和上电信号改变驱动信号，使得调顶信号的调顶深度增大。
在实际应用中，光发送模块100可能遇到一些突发情况。突发情况可能会影响后续的数据传输。例如，突发情况可以为激光器的光功率过高告警、激光器的光功率过低告警、业务信息丢失告警和突然掉电告警等。为了提高传输告警信息的可靠性，进而方便维护人员确定故障位置，光发送模块100可以增大调顶深度。具体地，处理器103还用于接收目标告警。目标告警包括以下任意一个或多个告警：激光器的光功率过高告警(也称为激光器输出光功率过高告警)、激光器的光功率过低告警(也称为激光器输出光功率过低告警)、业务信息丢失告警和突然掉电告警。处理器103用于根据调顶深度和目标告警改变驱动信号，以使得调顶信号的调顶深度增大。调顶信号携带目标告警的相关信息。例如，调顶信号携带目标告警对应的告警代码。
在本申请实施例中，通过使用激光器的背向光信号来调整调顶信号的调顶深度，可以降低激光器的工作温度变化或老化对调顶深度的影响，从而提高通信的可靠性。另一方面，因为可以根据背向光信号的反馈实时调整调顶深度，从而可以无需在出厂前借助外接设备对激光器的调顶深度进行标定。因此，本申请实施例还可以降低光发送模块的生产成本。另一方面，标定的调顶深度可能会受到标定时的温度、标定设备的噪声、标定设备之间的差异性和标定方法的影响，从而导致标定的精度较差。本申请实施例通过周期性的反馈调节，可以提高调顶深度的准确性。
图3为本申请实施例提供的光发送模块的第三个结构示意图。如图3所示，在图1的基础上，处理 器103包括数模转换器301和驱动信号处理器302。数模转换器301用于从光电探测器102接收模拟电信号，将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。驱动信号处理器302可以是MCU、DSP或FPGA等。驱动信号处理器302用于从数模转换器301接收数字电信号，根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度。驱动信号处理器302还用于根据调顶深度改变驱动电路104的驱动信号。
在图3中，数模转换器301和驱动信号处理器302独立设置。在实际应用中，数模转换器301可以集成在驱动信号处理器302的内部。此时，驱动信号处理器302也称为处理器。驱动信号处理器302用于执行数模转换器301可以执行的步骤。例如，驱动信号处理器302用于从光电探测器102接收模拟电信号，将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。
在实际应用中，背向光信号的功率较小。因此，可能导致处理器103无法正确获取调顶信号的调顶深度。为了提高获取的调顶深度的准确性，光发送模块100可以通过放大器放大模拟电信号。图4为本申请实施例提供的光发送模块的第四个结构示意图。如图4所示，在图3的基础上，光发送模块100还包括放大器401和滤波器402。放大器401可以为跨阻放大器或运算放大器。放大器401用于从光电探测器102接收模拟电信号，放大模拟电信号。滤波器402可以为低通滤波器。滤波器402用于从放大器401接收放大后的模拟电信号，对放大后的模拟电信进行滤波。滤波器402还用于向处理器103传输滤波后的模拟电信号。放大后的模拟电信号会携带毛刺信号。并且，根据前述图1的描述可知，模拟电信号还会包括高频的业务信号。通过引入滤波器402，可以降低业务信号和毛刺信号对调顶信号的影响，从而提高转换后的数字电信号的准确性。
应理解，前述图1至图4中的光发送终端只是本申请实施例提供的一个示例。在实际应用中，本领域技术人员可以根据需求对光发送终端的结构进行示例性的修改。例如，在图2中，光发送终端100还包括放大器。又例如，在图3中，驱动电路104可以包括激光器驱动电路201和调顶产生电路202。又例如，在图4中，光发送终端100不包括滤波器。
在实际应用中，激光器101有一定的使用寿命，在工作中可能会失效。为了预测激光器失效时间，方便运维人员提前更换激光器，保障正常的业务通信，本申请实施例提供了一种光发送模块。光发送模块可以对激光器的使用寿命提前预警。光发送模块的结构可以参考前述图1至图4中任一图中的描述。下面将以图1的光发送模块为例，对其进行描述。
如图1所示，光发送模块100包括激光器101、光电探测器102、处理器103和驱动电路104。应理解，关于光发送模块100中各个器件的描述，可以参考前述图1至图4中的相关描述。激光器101用于根据驱动电路104的驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带调顶信号。调顶信号是根据驱动信号得到的。光电探测器102用于将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。处理器103用于将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。处理器103还用于根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度H。
处理器103还用于根据调顶深度H和驱动信号获取激光器101的第一阈值电流。例如，处理器103可以根据前述公式2至公式4中的任一公式得到第一阈值电流。例如，在前述公式2中，调顶深度H的值可以通过公式1得到。调制电流、偏置电流和调顶电流是驱动电路输出的驱动信号。处理器103可以获取驱动信号的数值，即调制电流、偏置电流和调顶电流的数值。因此，处理器103可以根据公式2得到第一阈值电流。类似地，在另一时刻，处理器103可以按照类似的方法获取激光器101的第二阈值电流。
当第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流满足第二条件时，处理器103还用于根据第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流生成激光器101的寿命预警。例如，第二条件可以是第一坐标和第二坐标在寿命曲线上。第一坐标为(X，Y)，X，Y表征任意值。第二坐标为(X+T，Y+(ith2－ith1))。其中，T表示第二时刻和第一时刻的差值。处理器103在第一时刻获取第一阈值电流。处理器103在第二时刻获取第二阈值电流。ith2表示第二阈值电流。ith1表示第一阈值电流。又例如，第二条件可以是第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流的差值大于阈值。在生成寿命告警后，光发送模块100可以向网管设备发送寿命告警。网管设备可以根据寿命告警确定激光器101的使用寿命。在使用寿命结束前，维护人员可以提前更换激光器101，从而保障正常的业务通信。
前面对本申请实施例提供的光发送模块进行描述，下面对本申请实施例提供的光发送设备进行。图5为本申请实施例提供的光发送设备的结构示意图。如图5所示，光发送设备500包括光发送模块100和业务信号处理器501。关于光发送模块100的描述，可以参考前述图1至图4中任一图中的描述(此处以图1中的光发送模块100作为示例)。业务信号处理器501可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，网络处理器(network processor，NP)或者CPU和NP的组合。业务信号处理器501也可以图像处理器(graphic processing unit，GPU)。业务信号处理器501还可以进一步包括硬件芯片或其他通用处理器。上述硬件芯片可以是专用集成电路(appl ication specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device，PLD)或其组合。业务信号处理器501用于向激光器101传输业务电信号。根据前述图1的描述可知，激光器101还可以从驱动电路104接收驱动信号。因此，激光器101可以根据驱动信和业务电信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带相同的信息。前向光信号包括调顶信号和业务信号。其中，调顶信号是根据驱动信号得到的。业务信号是根据业务电信号得到的。
在实际应用中，光发送设备500还可以包括存储器。存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、或闪存等。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)。存储器分别和光发送模块100、业务信号处理器501相连。存储器中可以存储有目标调顶深度范围、寿命曲线或业务数据等。处理器103可以用于从存储器获取目标调顶深度范围或寿命曲线。业务信号处理器501可以用于从存储器获取业务数据，根据业务数据得到业务电信号。
应理解，在实际应用中，光发送设备500还可以包括光接收模块。光接收模块和光发送模块100可以独立设置。光接收模块和光发送模块100也可以集成在同一单板上。此时，光接收模块和光发送模块100统称为光收发模块。因此，在本申请实施例中，光发送模块100也可以称为光收发模块。
图6为本申请实施例提供的光通信系统的结构示意图。如图6所示，光通信系统600包括光发送设备500和光接收设备601；两者通过光纤连接。关于光发送设备500，可参考前述图5中的描述。光发送设备500用于向光接收设备601传输前向光信号。前向光信号包括调顶信号和业务信号。光接收设备601用于从光发送设备500接收前向光信号。应理解，光接收设备601也可以向光发送设备500传输前向光信号。因此，关于光接收设备601的描述，可参考光发送设备500的描述。
图7为本申请实施例提供的调整调顶深度的方法的流程示意图。如图7所示，调整调顶深度的方法包括以下步骤。调整调顶深度的方法可以应用于光发送模块或光发送设备。下面以调整调顶深度的方法应用于光发送设备为例进行描述。
在步骤701中，光发送设备根据驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号。前向光信号和背向光信号携带调顶信号。调顶信号是根据驱动信号得到的。驱动信号包括阈值电流、调顶电流、调制电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项。光发送设备包括激光器。通过接收驱动信号，激光器输出前向光信号和背向光信号；他们携带相同的信息。在实际应用中，激光器还可以接收业务电信号。此时，前向光信号和背向光信号还携带业务信号。
在步骤702中，光发送设备将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。光发送设备包括光电探测器。光发送设备通过光电探测器将背向光信号转换为模拟电信号。
在步骤703中，光发送设备将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。光发送设备包括数模转换器。光发送设备通过数模转换器将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。
在步骤704中，光发送设备根据数字电信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度。光发送设备可以获取数字电信号的能量幅度P1和平均功率(P1+P0)/2。通过前述公式2，光发送设备根据能量幅度和平均功率获取调顶深度H。
在步骤705中，光发送设备根据调顶深度改变驱动信号。根据前述公式2可知，阈值电流、调顶电流、调制电流和偏置电流都会影响调顶深度的大小。因此，光发送设备可以用于根据调顶深度改变阈值电流、调顶电流、调制电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项。例如，当调顶深度太大时，发送设备增大调制 电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项。当调顶深度太小时，光发送设备减小调制电流和偏置电流中的一项或多项。
应理解，关于调整调顶深度的方法，可参考前述光发送模块和光发送设备的描述。例如，光发送设备根据目标调顶深度范围和调顶深度改变驱动信号。又如，在将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号之前，光发送设备通过放大器放大模拟电信号。又例如，光发送设备从光接收设备接收目标信号。目标信号表征调顶信号的接收误码率或信噪比不满足第一条件。光发送设备根据目标信号调整目标调顶深度范围，以使得调顶信号的平均调顶深度增大。
在本申请实施例中，光发送设备可以周期性的执行前述步骤701至705。例如，在改变驱动信号后，光发送设备根据改变后的驱动信号输出改变后的前向光信号和改变后的背向光信号。改变后的前向光信号和改变后的背向光信号携带改变后的调顶信号。光发送设备将改变后的背向光信号转换为改变后的模拟电信号。光发送设备将改变后的模拟电信号转换为改变后的数字电信号。光发送设备根据改变后的数字电信号获取改变后的调顶深度。光发送设备根据改变后的调顶深度改变改变后的驱动信号。
图8为本申请实施例提供的生成寿命预警的方法的流程示意图。如图8所示，调整调顶深度的方法包括以下步骤。生成寿命预警的方法可以应用于光发送模块或光发送设备。下面以生成寿命预警的方法应用于光发送设备为例进行描述。
在步骤801中，光发送设备根据驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号，前向光信号和背向光信号携带调顶信号。
在步骤802中，光发送设备根据背向光信号获取调顶信号的调顶深度。关于步骤802和步骤801的描述，可以参考前述步骤701至步骤704中的描述。
在步骤803中，光发送设备根据调顶深度和驱动信号获取激光器的第一阈值电流，获取第二阈值电流。例如，光发送设备可以根据前述公式2获取第一阈值电流。类似地，在另一时刻，光发送设备获取激光器的第二阈值电流。
在步骤804中，光发送设备根据第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流生成激光器的寿命预警。第一阈值电流和第二阈值电流满足第二条件。在生成寿命告警后，光发送设备可以向网管设备发送寿命告警。网管设备可以根据寿命告警确定激光器的使用寿命。在使用寿命结束前，维护人员可以提前更换激光器，从而保障正常的业务通信。
应理解，关于生成寿命预警的方法，可以参考前述光发送模块和光发送设备的描述。例如，第二条件可以是第一坐标和第二坐标在寿命曲线上。第一坐标为(X，Y)。X，Y表征任意值。第二坐标为(X+T，Y+(ith2－ith1))。又例如，光发送设备还可以根据调顶深度改变驱动信号。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种光发送模块，其特征在于，包括激光器、光电探测器、处理器和驱动电路，其中：
    所述激光器用于根据所述驱动电路的驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号，所述前向光信号和所述背向光信号携带调顶信号；
    所述光电探测器用于将所述背向光信号转换为模拟电信号；
    所述处理器用于将所述模拟电信号转换为数字电信号；
    所述处理器还用于根据所述数字电信号获取所述调顶信号的调顶深度，根据所述调顶深度改变所述驱动信号；
    所述驱动电路用于根据改变后的所述驱动信号驱动所述激光器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光发送模块，其特征在于，所述光发送模块还包括放大器；
    所述放大器用于放大所述模拟电信号；
    所述数模转换器用于将所述模拟电信号转换为数字电压信号包括：所述数模转换器用于将放大后的所述模拟电信号转换为所述数字电信号。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光发送模块，其特征在于，所述光发送模块还包括滤波器；
    所述滤波器用于对所述模拟电信号进行滤波；
    所述数模转换器用于将所述模拟电信号转换为数字电信号包括：所述数模转换器用于将滤波后的所述模拟电信号转换为所述数字电信号。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的光发送模块，其特征在于，
    所述处理器用于根据所述调顶深度改变所述驱动信号包括：所述处理器用于根据所述调顶深度和目标调顶深度范围改变所述驱动信号，其中，所述调顶深度不在所述目标调顶深度范围内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光发送模块，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于接收目标信号，所述目标信号表征所述调顶信号的接收误码率或信噪比不满足第一条件；
    所述处理器还用于根据所述目标信号调整所述目标调顶深度范围，以使得所述调顶信号的平均调顶深度增大。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的光发送模块，其特征在于，
    所述处理器还用于接收上电信号；
    所述处理器用于根据所述调顶深度改变所述驱动信号包括：所述处理器用于根据所述调顶深度和所述上电信号改变所述驱动信号，以使得所述调顶信号的调顶深度增大。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的光发送模块，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于接收目标告警，所述目标告警包括以下任意一个或多个告警：所述激光器的光功率过高告警、所述激光器的光功率过低告警、业务信息丢失告警和突然掉电告警；
    所述处理器用于根据所述调顶深度改变所述驱动信号包括：所述处理器用于根据所述调顶深度和所述目标告警改变所述驱动信号，以使得所述调顶信号的调顶深度增大，所述调顶信号携带所述目标告警的相关信息。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的光发送模块，其特征在于，
    所述处理器还用于根据所述驱动信号和所述调顶深度获取所述激光器的第一阈值电流；
    所述处理器还用于获取所述激光器的第二阈值电流，根据所述第一阈值电流和所述第二阈值电流生成所述激光器的寿命预警，其中，所述第一阈值电流和所述第二阈值电流满足第二条件。
  9. 一种光发送设备，其特征在于，包括业务信号处理器和前述权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的光发送模块，其中：
    所述业务信号处理器用于向所述光发送模块传输业务电信号；
    所述光发送模块用于根据所述业务电信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号，所述前向光信号和所述背向光信号携带业务信号。
  10. 一种调整调顶深度的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    根据驱动信号输出前向光信号和背向光信号，所述前向光信号和所述背向光信号携带调顶信号；
    将所述背向光信号转换为模拟电信号；
    将所述模拟电信号转换为数字电信号；
    根据所述数字电信号获取所述调顶信号的调顶深度；
    根据所述调顶深度改变所述驱动信号。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    放大所述模拟电信号，得到放大后的所述模拟电信号；
    所述将所述模拟电信号转换为数字电信号包括：将放大后的所述模拟电信号转换为所述数字电信号。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    对所述模拟电信号进行滤波，得到滤波后的所述模拟电信号；
    所述将所述模拟电信号转换为数字电信号包括：将滤波后的所述模拟电信号转换为所述数字电信号。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    根据所述调顶深度改变所述驱动信号包括：根据所述调顶深度和目标调顶深度范围改变所述驱动信号，其中，所述调顶深度不在所述目标调顶深度范围内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收目标信号，所述目标信号表征所述调顶信号的接收误码率或信噪比不满足第一条件；
    根据所述目标信号调整所述目标调顶深度范围，以使得所述调顶信号的平均调顶深度增大。
  15. 根据权利要求10至14中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收上电信号；
    根据所述调顶深度改变所述驱动信号包括：根据所述调顶深度和所述上电信号改变所述驱动信号，以使得所述调顶信号的调顶深度增大。
  16. 根据权利要求10至14中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收目标告警，所述目标告警包括以下任意一个或多个告警：激光器的光功率过高告警、激光器的光功率过低告警、业务信息丢失告警和突然掉电告警；
    根据所述调顶深度改变所述驱动信号包括：根据所述调顶深度和所述目标告警改变所述驱动信号，以使得所述调顶信号的调顶深度增大，所述调顶信号携带所述目标告警的相关信息。
  17. 根据权利要求10至16中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    根据改变后的所述驱动信号输出改变后的所述前向光信号和改变后的所述背向光信号，改变后的所述前向光信号和改变后的所述背向光信号携带改变后的所述调顶信号；
    将改变后的所述背向光信号转换为改变后的所述模拟电信号；
    将改变后的所述模拟电信号转换为改变后的所述数字电信号；
    根据改变后的所述数字电信号获取改变后的所述调顶深度；
    根据改变后的所述调顶深度改变所述改变后的所述驱动信号。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    根据所述驱动信号和所述调顶深度获取第一阈值电流；
    根据改变后的所述驱动信号和改变后的所述调顶深度获取第二阈值电流；
    根据所述第一阈值电流和所述第二阈值电流生成寿命预警，其中，所述第一阈值电流和所述第二阈值电流满足第二条件。
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