WO2024026997A1 - 一种废旧动力电池放电方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种废旧动力电池放电方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024026997A1
WO2024026997A1 PCT/CN2022/120634 CN2022120634W WO2024026997A1 WO 2024026997 A1 WO2024026997 A1 WO 2024026997A1 CN 2022120634 W CN2022120634 W CN 2022120634W WO 2024026997 A1 WO2024026997 A1 WO 2024026997A1
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battery
pressure
discharge
storage space
used power
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PCT/CN2022/120634
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English (en)
French (fr)
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姜校林
刘勇奇
李长东
袁佳宁
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广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024026997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024026997A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of batteries, and specifically to a method and device for discharging waste power batteries.
  • Waste power batteries generally need to be discharged before entering the regeneration cycle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for discharging used power batteries, which has the characteristics of fast discharge speed, thorough discharge, easy operation and wide applicability.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a discharge device for used power batteries, which has the characteristics of fast discharge speed, thorough discharge, easy operation and wide applicability.
  • a method for discharging used power batteries including:
  • the step of placing the battery in a safe environment includes:
  • the battery is placed in an underwater environment at a preset depth from the water surface.
  • the preset depth is greater than or equal to 30 cm.
  • the step of applying pressure to destroy the internal structure of the battery to short-circuit and discharge the battery includes:
  • the opposite sides of the battery in the water depth direction apply opposing forces for a preset period of time to the battery.
  • the step of placing the battery in a safe environment includes:
  • the cell was placed in a vacuum environment.
  • step of applying pressure to destroy the internal structure of the battery to cause the battery to short-circuit and discharge it also includes:
  • the gases and/or heat released by the battery are collected.
  • the invention also provides a waste power battery discharge device, which includes a pressure device, a holding member and a pressure-bearing water tank.
  • the pressure-bearing water tank surrounds a water storage space for holding water, and the bottom wall of the water storage space is used for carrying battery;
  • the pressure device is connected to the pressing member and is used to drive the pressing member to extend into the water storage space and press and destroy the internal structure of the battery to short-circuit and discharge the battery.
  • the pressure-bearing water tank includes a box body and a hollow lining.
  • the box body encloses the water storage space.
  • the hollow lining is used to carry the battery and drive the battery into or out under the action of external force. The water storage space.
  • the used power battery discharge device further includes an air extraction device, the air extraction end of the air extraction device is connected to the pressure-bearing water tank, and is used to extract gas above the water surface of the water storage space.
  • the used power battery discharge device further includes a frame, the pressure device and the pressure-bearing water tank are both arranged on the frame, and the pressure device is located vertically above the pressure-bearing water tank, The opening of the water storage space is vertically upward, and the pressure device is used to drive the pressing member to extend vertically downward into the water storage space.
  • the waste power battery discharging method provided by the present invention exerts pressure on the battery in a safe environment to destroy the internal structure of the battery, causing the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to be short-circuited internally, thereby discharging. Therefore, the beneficial effects of the waste power battery discharging method provided by the present invention include: the characteristics of fast discharge speed, thorough discharge, easy operation and wide applicability.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a used power battery discharging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a used power battery discharge device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the holding member in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure water tank in Figure 2.
  • Icon 100-waste power battery discharge device; 110-pressure device; 120-pressure holding piece; 121-connection platform; 122-hollow column; 123-pressure plate; 130-pressure water tank; 131-box; 132- Openwork lining; 140-rack.
  • connection can be a fixed connection or a removable connection.
  • Detachable connection, or integral connection it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection or a removable connection.
  • Detachable connection, or integral connection it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • Figure 1 shows a flow chart of a used power battery discharging method provided in this embodiment.
  • the used power battery discharging method includes:
  • Step S101 Place the battery in a safe environment.
  • the safe environment refers to the underwater environment.
  • the battery When the battery is crushed due to subsequent pressure, a sharp increase in current when the battery is short-circuited will generate a large amount of heat, and the temperature will rise rapidly. When it reaches a certain level, the electrolyte and plastic in the battery will be ignited. Flammable materials such as diaphragms may even ignite other combustible materials in the environment. Therefore, for safety reasons, the battery is placed in an underwater environment for pressure crushing. Although the battery short-circuit releases a large amount of heat, because the entire battery is surrounded by water, the temperature rise of combustibles is suppressed and the heat is quickly dispersed.
  • the safety environment is preferably at a depth from the water surface. An underwater environment of no less than 30 cm. If the battery is placed below 30 cm underwater, even if there is splash towards the water surface, the splash will be blocked by the water pressure of 30 cm depth, and the speed of the splash will decrease rapidly, so that it cannot successfully fly out of the water. Even if it flies out of the water, its The temperature has dropped sufficiently that the external environment can no longer be ignited.
  • the safety environment can also be adjusted according to actual application conditions or battery types.
  • the water in this embodiment can be replaced with other heat exchange solutions, and the safety environment can also be surrounded by inert gas.
  • the enclosed space can also be a vacuum environment, etc.
  • the used power battery discharging method may also include:
  • Step S102 Apply pressure to destroy the internal structure of the battery to cause short-circuit discharge of the battery.
  • a pressure device is extended into the water to exert pressure on the battery, causing the battery to break in an environment below 30 cm underwater.
  • the contact surface on the pressure device that is in contact with the side of the battery close to the water surface is selected to completely cover the size and shape of the battery, thereby forming a reliable barrier to upward splashes generated by the battery.
  • the pressure device In order to ensure complete discharge, the pressure device is extended into the water and applies pressure to the battery, and the pressure is maintained for a preset time to ensure complete discharge of the battery.
  • the preset time is preferably 3 minutes. In other embodiments, the preset time period may be adaptively adjusted according to the remaining power and pressure of the battery.
  • this embodiment directly destroys the internal structure of the battery, enabling complete discharge without rebound.
  • the discharge operation is not limited to the number of batteries.
  • the pressure device and the bearing surface By adapting the pressure device and the bearing surface, it is theoretically possible to uniformly discharge an extremely large batch of batteries, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
  • the discharge object no matter what size model the battery is and what form it is currently in, no matter whether the discharge object is a battery pack, a module or a single cell, the discharge object can be directly placed into the water tank without pre-processing. And apply pressure to it to achieve the purpose of discharge.
  • step S102 of this embodiment pressure is applied to destroy the internal diaphragm, resulting in multiple internal It can also achieve rapid and complete discharge even if it is turned on everywhere.
  • the battery may be compacted, causing the battery to be unable to be pressed further before it is broken.
  • the battery is subjected to reciprocating vibration. Pressure, that is, crushing the battery during the vibration process, prevents the internal compaction of the battery, making the internal structure of the battery more likely to collapse.
  • the used power battery discharging method may also include:
  • Step S103 Collect gas and/or heat released by the battery.
  • the gas released by the battery is collected while breaking the battery to avoid causing air pollution.
  • a negative pressure air extraction device is used to extract air above the water surface, and the extracted gas is discharged after purification.
  • a heat exchange device is used to recycle this part of the heat.
  • the underwater environment where the battery is located is used as the high-temperature side of the heat exchange device, and domestic water is used as the low-temperature side. side, thereby achieving the purpose of using the heat of broken batteries to heat domestic water.
  • the waste power battery discharging method provided in this embodiment has the characteristics of fast discharge speed, high production efficiency, thorough discharge, and wide applicability.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a used power battery discharging device 100 provided in this embodiment.
  • the used power battery discharging device 100 is used to perform the aforementioned used power battery discharging method to achieve rapid and complete discharge of the battery. .
  • the used power battery discharge device 100 includes a frame 140, a pressure device 110, a holding member 120 and a pressure-bearing water tank 130.
  • the pressure device 110 and the pressure-bearing water tank 130 are both arranged on the frame 140, and the pressure device 110 Located vertically above the pressure water tank 130.
  • the pressurized water tank 130 encloses a water storage space for holding water. The opening of the water storage space faces upward, and the bottom wall of the water storage space is used to carry the battery.
  • the pressure device 110 is connected to the pressing member 120, and is used to drive the pressing member 120 to extend into the water storage space and press to destroy the internal structure of the battery, so as to short-circuit and discharge the battery.
  • the pressure device 110 can be a hydraulic press, a pneumatic press, a motor, etc. In this embodiment, a four-column hydraulic press is selected.
  • the water storage space surrounded by the pressure-bearing water tank 130 holds water to provide a safe environment for battery crushing.
  • the battery is placed on the bottom wall of the water storage space, and the battery is surrounded by water.
  • the preset water storage space The depth of the battery and the water depth are such that when the battery is placed on the bottom wall of the water storage space, the depth of the battery from the water surface is not less than 30 cm.
  • the pressurized water tank 130 provides the safe environment required in step S101 of the aforementioned used power battery discharging method.
  • the used power battery discharging device 100 also includes a manipulator (not shown in the figure) arranged on the frame 140. The manipulator is used to pick up the battery to be discharged, put the battery into the water storage space, and complete the process. After discharging, the broken battery is taken out of the water storage space, that is, the robot is used to perform step S101 of the aforementioned used power battery discharging method.
  • the pressure device 110 works to drive the pressing member 120 to move vertically downward, extend under the water surface in the water storage space to contact the battery, and exert pressure on the battery for a preset period of time, so that the internal structure of the battery is destroyed, thereby causing an internal short circuit to achieve rapid discharge under water, maintaining the pressure for a preset time, which is an optimal value of 3 minutes. It can be seen that the pressure device 110 and the holding member 120 of the used power battery discharge device 100 provided in this embodiment jointly perform the aforementioned step S102.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the holding member 120
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the pressure-bearing water tank 130 .
  • the pressing member 120 includes a connecting platform 121 and is protruding on the bottom wall of the connecting platform 121.
  • the hollow pillar 122 is provided with a pressure plate 123 on the end surface of the hollow pillar 122 for direct contact with the battery.
  • connection platform 121 is roughly rectangular, and the four corners of its top wall are used to connect the four output shafts of the four-column hydraulic press respectively to ensure pressure stability.
  • the connecting platform 121 drives the hollow column 122 to extend into the water. Due to the hollow structure of the hollow column 122, the water in the water storage space can flow into its interior, thereby greatly reducing the amount of water surface rise.
  • the pressure-bearing water tank 130 includes a box body 131 and a hollow lining 132.
  • the box body 131 encloses a water storage space.
  • the hollow lining 132 is used to carry the battery and drive the battery into or out of the water storage space under the action of external force.
  • the robot Before discharging, the robot first puts the battery to be discharged into the hollow lining 132, and then puts the hollow lining 132 into the water storage space.
  • the battery to be discharged sinks into the water together with the hollow lining 132.
  • the pressure device 110 drives the pressing member 120 to extend into the hollow lining 132 to crush the battery into the hollow lining 132.
  • the manipulator takes the hollow lining 132 out of the water storage space to quickly collect the battery residue.
  • the shape and size of the box 131 and the hollow lining 132 are not limited.
  • By adjusting the sizes of the two and adaptively adjusting the pressure device 110 unified discharge of batteries of different numbers, shapes, and states can be achieved.
  • the production efficiency is extremely high and the applicability is extremely wide.
  • the used power battery discharge device 100 provided in this embodiment also includes an air extraction device (not shown in the figure).
  • the air extraction end of the air extraction device is connected to the pressurized water tank 130 and is used to extract water above the water surface in the water storage space. gas.
  • the air extraction device uses negative pressure to move away from the waste gas extracted from the water surface, and is connected to a gas purification device, which leads the extracted waste gas to the gas purification device for purification, and finally discharges the purified clean gas into the atmosphere to avoid air pollution.
  • the waste power battery discharge device provided in this embodiment has the characteristics of fast discharge speed, high production efficiency, thorough discharge, and wide applicability.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种废旧动力电池放电方法及装置，涉及电池领域。该废旧动力电池放电方法包括：将电池置于安全环境中；施加压力破坏电池的内部结构，以使电池短路放电。本发明提供的废旧动力电池放电方法具有放电速度快、放电彻底、易操作且适用性广的特点。

Description

一种废旧动力电池放电方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电池领域，具体而言，涉及一种废旧动力电池放电方法及装置。
背景技术
废旧动力电池在进入再生循环之前，一般要进行放电处理。
目前，市面上常采用的放电方式包括电解质水溶液放电、固态导体放电、外接电路放电及针刺放电，采用电解液水溶液放电的放电速度慢，通常需要浸泡48小时；采用粉状或颗粒状的固态导体放电或外接电路放电易导致放电后发生一定程度的电量反弹，放电不彻底；采用针刺放电操作难度大，仅能刺破壳体薄弱的位置。并且，针对发生过事故导致内部流路不导通的电池，上述多种方式均不适用，无法实现正常放电。
因此，亟待一种兼具放电速度快、放电彻底、易操作及适用性广的特点的放电方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种废旧动力电池放电方法，其具有放电速度快、放电彻底、易操作且适用性广的特点。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种废旧动力电池放电装置，其具有放电速度快、放电彻底、易操作且适用性广的特点。
本发明提供一种技术方案：
一种废旧动力电池放电方法，包括：
将电池置于安全环境中；
施加压力破坏所述电池的内部结构，以使所述电池短路放电。
进一步地，将所述电池置于安全环境中的步骤包括：
将所述电池置于距离水面预设深度的水下环境中。
进一步地，所述预设深度大于或等于30厘米。
进一步地，所述施加压力作用破坏所述电池的内部结构，以使所述电池短路放电的步骤包括：
由所述电池在水深方向上的相对两侧对所述电池施加预设时长的相向作用力。
进一步地，将所述电池置于安全环境中的步骤包括：
将所述电池置于惰性气体包围的环境中，或，
将所述电池置于真空环境中。
进一步地，在所述施加压力破坏电池的内部结构，以使所述电池短路放电的步骤之后，还包括：
收集所述电池释放的气体和/或热量。
本发明还提供一种废旧动力电池放电装置，包括压力装置、压持件及承压水箱，所述承压水箱围成用于盛水的储水空间，所述储水空间的底壁用于承载电池；
所述压力装置与所述压持件连接，用于驱动所述压持件伸入所述储水空间并压持破坏所述电池的内部结构，以使所述电池短路放电。
进一步地，所述承压水箱包括箱体及镂空衬里，所述箱体围成所述储水空间，所述镂空衬里用于承载所述电池，并在外力作用下带动所述电池进入或退出所述储水空间。
进一步地，所述废旧动力电池放电装置还包括抽气装置，所述抽气装置的抽气端与所述承压水箱连通，用于抽取所述储水空间的水面上方的气体。
进一步地，所述废旧动力电池放电装置还包括机架，所述压力装置及所述承压水箱均设置于所述机架上，且所述压力装置处于所述承压水箱的竖直上方，所述储水空间的开口竖直向上，所述压力装置用于驱动所述压持件竖直向下伸入所述储水空间。
相比现有技术，本发明提供的废旧动力电池放电方法，对处于安全环境中的电池施加压力作用，以破坏电池的内部结构，使得电池的正负极在内部短路，从而放电。因此，本发明提供的废旧动力电池放电方法的有益效果包括：具有放电速度快、放电彻底、易操作且适用性广的特点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定。对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本发明的实施例提供的废旧动力电池放电方法的流程框图；
图2为本发明的实施例提供的废旧动力电池放电装置的结构示意图；
图3为图2中压持件的结构示意图；
图4为图2中承压水箱的结构示意图。
图标：100-废旧动力电池放电装置；110-压力装置；120-压持件；121-连接平台；122-镂空柱；123-施压板；130-承压水箱；131-箱体；132-镂空衬里；140-机架。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，或者是本领域技术人员惯常理解的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，“设置”、“连接”等术语应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接连接，也可以通过中间媒介间接连接，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。
实施例
请参阅图1，图1所示为本实施例提供的废旧动力电池放电方法的流程框图，该废旧动力电池放电方法包括：
步骤S101，将电池置于安全环境中。
本实施例中，安全环境指水下环境，由于后续对电池施压破碎时，电池短路时电流剧增会产生大量的热量，温度急速升高，达到一定程度时会点燃电池内的电解质、塑料隔膜等可燃物，甚至会引燃环境中的其他可燃物。因此，出于安全考虑，将电池置于水下环境中进行施压破碎，虽然电池短路释放出大量热量，但由于整个电池被水包围，可燃物的温升得到抑制，热量被快速分散。
并且，考虑到电池在受压破碎时，电池内部可能会产生气体而引起小幅爆炸，可能会导致部分物质四处飞溅，为了避免此类物质飞溅出水面，本实施例中，安全环境优选距离 水面深度不小于30厘米的水下环境。电池置于水下30厘米以下，即使出现朝向水面的飞溅物，飞溅物要受到30厘米深度的水压阻挡，飞溅的速度快速降低，从而无法成功飞出水面，即便是飞出水面，但其温度已经充分降低，无法再点燃外部环境。
需要说明的是，在其他实施例中，还可以根据实际应用条件或电池种类调整布置安全环境，例如，可以将本实施例中的水替换为其他热交换溶液，安全环境还可以为惰性气体包围的密闭空间，也可以为真空环境等。
进一步地，该废旧动力电池放电方法还可以包括：
步骤S102，施加压力破坏电池的内部结构，以使电池短路放电。
在将电池置于水下30厘米以下的环境中后，通过压力装置伸入水下，对电池施加压力作用，使得电池在水下30厘米以下的环境中破碎。
为了防止电池在水下破碎时，过多的飞溅物朝向水面飞溅，本实施例中，由电池在水深方向上的相对两侧对电池施加作用力。可以理解的是，由于电池在水深方向上的上下两侧受到压力作用，电池破碎时大致在侧向上产生开口，产生的飞溅物绝大部分朝向偏离水面的方向飞溅。
为了进一步防止飞溅物飞出水面，在实际的操作过程中，压力装置上与电池靠近水面的一侧接触的接触面选择完全覆盖电池的尺寸与形状，从而对电池产生的向上飞溅物形成可靠阻挡。
为了保证放电完全，将压力装置伸入水下并施加压力作用于电池后，维持压力作用预设时长以保证电池完全放电，本实施例中，预设时长优选3分钟。在其他实施例中，根据电池的残余电量以及压力大小，预设时长可以进行适应性调整。
在对电池施加足够大的压力时，将导致电池内部的塑料隔膜在多点处形成短路，故相比于市面上的其他放电方式，放电速度提升明显。并且，相较于市面上的其他放电方式，本实施例直接破坏电池内部结构，能够实现彻底放电，并且不会出现反弹现象。
再者，放电操作并不局限于电池的数量，通过适配压力装置以及承载面，理论上能够实现对超大批量的电池进行统一放电，生产效率得到大幅提升。并且，无论电池是什么尺寸型号以及当前所呈现的何种形态，无论放电对象是电池包、模组还是单体，都可以在不加预先处理的情况下直接将该放电对象放入水箱内，并对其施加压力达到放电目的。
即便是出现正负极断裂无法进行正常的正负极导通的电池，此情况下通过电解液已经无法实现有效放电，通过本实施例步骤S102，施加压力作用以破坏其内部隔膜，导致内部多处导通，同样能够实现快速彻底的放电。
在对电池施加压力的过程中，可能会发生电池被压实的情况，导致电池尚未破碎便无法进行进一步的下压，为了避免此情况发生，本实施例中，对电池采用往复振动的方式施 加压力，即在振动过程中压碎电池，避免电池内部压实，使得电池内部结构更易溃散。
进一步地，该废旧动力电池放电方法还可以包括：
步骤S103，收集电池释放的气体和/或热量。
考虑到电池在破碎时会产生部分有害气体，因此，本实施例中在破碎电池的同时，收集电池释放的气体，以免造成空气污染。本实施例中采用负压抽气装置，在水面之上抽气，并将抽取到的气体经过净化处理后排出。
另外，考虑到电池破碎时产生的热量极大，本实施例中采用换热装置对这部分热量进行回收利用，将电池所处的水下环境作为换热装置的高温侧，将生活用水作为低温侧，从而实现了利用电池破碎的热量加热生活用水的目的。
综上，本实施例提供的废旧动力电池放电方法，具有放电速度快、生产效率高、放电彻底、适用性广泛的特点。
请参阅图2，图2所示为本实施例提供的废旧动力电池放电装置100的结构示意图，该废旧动力电池放电装置100用于执行前述的废旧动力电池放电方法，实现电池的快速、彻底放电。
本实施例提供的废旧动力电池放电装置100包括机架140、压力装置110、压持件120及承压水箱130，压力装置110及承压水箱130均设置于机架140上，且压力装置110处于承压水箱130的竖直上方。承压水箱130围成用于盛水的储水空间，该储水空间开口朝上，储水空间的底壁用于承载电池。
压力装置110与压持件120连接，用于驱动压持件120伸入储水空间并压持破坏电池的内部结构，以使电池短路放电。压力装置110的选择多样，可以为油压机、气压机、电机等，本实施例中选用四柱油压机。
在实际应用中，承压水箱130围成的储水空间盛放有水，为电池破碎提供安全环境，将电池置于储水空间的底壁上，电池即被水包围，预设储水空间的深度以及水深，使得电池置于储水空间的底壁上时，电池距离水面的深度不小于30厘米。
可见，承压水箱130提供前述的废旧动力电池放电方法的步骤S101中所需的安全环境。本实施例中，废旧动力电池放电装置100还包括设置于机架140上的机械手(图中未示出)，机械手用于拾取待放电的电池，并将电池放入储水空间，并在完成放电后将破碎的电池取出储水空间，即机械手用于执行前述的废旧动力电池放电方法的步骤S101。
在完成电池放置后，压力装置110工作，驱动压持件120竖直向下运动，伸入储水空间内的水面之下与电池接触，并对电池施加压力作用预设时长，使得电池内部结构被破坏，从而内部短路实现在水下的快速放电，维持施加压力预设时长，即优选值3分钟。可见，本实施例提供的废旧动力电池放电装置100的压力装置110与压持件120共同执行前述的步 骤S102。
请结合参阅图3及图4，图3所示为压持件120的结构示意图，图4所示为承压水箱130的结构示意图。
为了保证压持件120能够对电池均匀传递压力，并尽量减小压持件120造成的水面上升量，本实施例中，压持件120包括连接平台121及凸设于连接平台121底壁上的镂空柱122，镂空柱122的端面上设置有用于直接接触电池的施压板123。
连接平台121大致呈矩形，其顶壁的四个角的位置用于分别连接四柱油压机的四个输出轴，以保证压力稳定。在四柱油压机的驱动下，连接平台121带动镂空柱122伸入水下，镂空柱122由于结构镂空，储水空间内的水能够流入其内部，从而大幅减小水面上升量。
本实施例中，承压水箱130包括箱体131及镂空衬里132，箱体131围成储水空间，镂空衬里132用于承载电池，并在外力作用下带动电池进入或退出储水空间。
在进行放电之前，机械手将待放电的电池先放入镂空衬里132，之后将镂空衬里132放入储水空间内，待放电的电池随镂空衬里132一起沉入水下。之后，压力装置110带动压持件120伸入镂空衬里132，将电池破碎在镂空衬里132内，待放电完成后，机械手再将镂空衬里132拿出储水空间，实现对电池残渣的快速收集。
可以理解的是，箱体131与镂空衬里132的形状尺寸不受限制，通过调整二者的大小以及适应性调整压力装置110，能够实现对不同数量、不同形状、不同状态的电池的统一放电，生产效率极高、适用性极其广泛。
实际上，本实施例提供的废旧动力电池放电装置100还包括抽气装置(图中未示出)，抽气装置的抽气端与承压水箱130连通，用于抽取储水空间的水面上方的气体。
抽气装置利用负压远离抽取水面的废气，并连接有气体净化装置，将抽取的废气通向气体净化装置进行净化，最后再将净化后的干净气体排放至大气，避免造成空气污染。
综上，本实施例提供的废旧动力电池放电方装置，具有放电速度快、生产效率高、放电彻底、适用性广泛的特点。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种废旧动力电池放电方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将电池置于安全环境中；
    施加压力破坏所述电池的内部结构，以使所述电池短路放电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的废旧动力电池放电方法，其特征在于，将所述电池置于安全环境中的步骤包括：
    将所述电池置于距离水面预设深度的水下环境中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的废旧动力电池放电方法，其特征在于，所述预设深度大于或等于30厘米。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的废旧动力电池放电方法，其特征在于，所述施加压力作用破坏所述电池的内部结构，以使所述电池短路放电的步骤包括：
    由所述电池在水深方向上的相对两侧对所述电池施加预设时长的相向作用力。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的废旧动力电池放电方法，其特征在于，将所述电池置于安全环境中的步骤包括：
    将所述电池置于惰性气体包围的环境中，或，
    将所述电池置于真空环境中。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的废旧动力电池放电方法，其特征在于，在所述施加压力破坏电池的内部结构，以使所述电池短路放电的步骤之后，还包括：
    收集所述电池释放的气体和/或热量。
  7. 一种废旧动力电池放电装置，其特征在于，包括压力装置、压持件及承压水箱，所述承压水箱围成用于盛水的储水空间，所述储水空间的底壁用于承载电池；
    所述压力装置与所述压持件连接，用于驱动所述压持件伸入所述储水空间并压持破坏所述电池的内部结构，以使所述电池短路放电。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的废旧动力电池放电装置，其特征在于，所述承压水箱包括箱体及镂空衬里，所述箱体围成所述储水空间，所述镂空衬里用于承载所述电池，并在外力作用下带动所述电池进入或退出所述储水空间。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的废旧动力电池放电装置，其特征在于，所述废旧动力电池放电装置还包括抽气装置，所述抽气装置的抽气端与所述承压水箱连通，用于抽取所述储水空间的水面上方的气体。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的废旧动力电池放电装置，其特征在于，所述废旧动力电池 放电装置还包括机架，所述压力装置及所述承压水箱均设置于所述机架上，且所述压力装置处于所述承压水箱的竖直上方，所述储水空间的开口竖直向上，所述压力装置用于驱动所述压持件竖直向下伸入所述储水空间。
PCT/CN2022/120634 2022-08-02 2022-09-22 一种废旧动力电池放电方法及装置 WO2024026997A1 (zh)

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