WO2024024929A1 - 三次元筋組織の製造方法 - Google Patents
三次元筋組織の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue and a culture vessel for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue.
- cultured minced meat is a collection of disparate muscle cells and has an inferior texture
- cultured steak meat reproduces the three-dimensional structure of muscle tissue, making it an alternative meat that allows you to experience the texture of meat. It is.
- Cited Document 1 describes a method for producing a three-dimensional muscle tissue particularly suitable for edible food, in which a hydrogel contains skeletal myoblasts and a substantially rectangular first cell module having a plurality of mutually parallel substantially rectangular holes is disclosed. , and creating a substantially rectangular second cell module containing skeletal myoblasts in the hydrogel and having a plurality of substantially rectangular holes parallel to each other at positions different from the first cell module in the vertical direction. step, a step of alternately stacking the obtained first cell module and the second cell module to obtain a laminate, a step of proliferating and culturing skeletal myoblasts contained in the obtained laminate, and proliferation.
- a method for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue is disclosed, which includes a step of inducing differentiation of skeletal myoblasts into myotubes.
- Cited Document 1 produces three-dimensional muscle tissue that is especially suitable for human consumption, and more specifically, has a sarcomere structure similar to that of living body-derived muscle, and is similar to livestock meat when used for human consumption.
- a method for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue with a promising texture is provided.
- further improvements are needed regarding the simple production of three-dimensional muscle tissue that is large enough to be eaten.
- the present invention aims to provide a method for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue that can easily produce three-dimensional muscle tissue having a sufficient size suitable for human consumption, and a culture container for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue. Take it as a challenge.
- Method for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue including the following steps (A) and (B): (A) A step of supplying a hydrogel containing myoblasts to a culture container, a step in which the culture container is a culture container including a pair of anchor portions facing each other at ends of the container, and a plurality of convex portions arranged between the pair of anchor portions, and (B) A step of inducing differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes in the culture vessel.
- the length (X) of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is 1 cm or more
- the length (Y) of the protrusion in the transverse direction is 1 cm or more.
- the ratio [(Y)/(X)] of the length (Y) of the convex part in the transverse direction to the length (X) of the convex part in the longitudinal direction is 0.7 or more.
- the distance between the convex portions is 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- a culture container for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue comprising a pair of anchor parts facing each other at the ends of the container, and a plurality of convex parts arranged between the pair of anchor parts.
- the present invention provides a method for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue that is particularly suitable for human consumption.
- the three-dimensional muscle tissue produced by the production method of the present invention has a sarcomere structure, similar to muscles of biological origin. Moreover, three-dimensional muscle tissue having a sufficient size suitable for consumption can be produced. Therefore, the three-dimensional muscle tissue produced by the production method of the present invention can be expected to have a texture similar to that of livestock meat when used for human consumption.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a culture container 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the anchor portion in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a culture container 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is (a) a plan view, (b) a front view, (c) a right side view, and (d) a bottom view of a culture container 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a culture container 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a culture container 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the anchor portion in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a culture container 200 according to an embodiment
- FIG. 7 is (a) a plan view, (b) a front view, (c) a right side view, and (d) a bottom view of a culture container 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a culture container 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is (a) a plan view, (b) a front view, (c) a right side view, and (d) a bottom view of a culture container 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 schematically shows a culture container 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the culture container 100, the length (X) of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is 4 cm, and the length (Y) of the protrusion in the transverse direction is 3 cm.
- Anchor part The member is a cylinder with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a height of 5 mm, and is installed with a spacing of 1 mm between center points.
- Convex portion promoting orientation the member has a height of 200 ⁇ m, a width of 50 ⁇ m, and a distance of 2 mm from the anchor.
- Figure 11-1 shows an SAA immunostaining image.
- FIG. 11-2 shows the color inverted image of FIG. 11-1.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing changes over time in the amount of shrinkage of three-dimensional muscle tissue. Specifically, it shows the change in tissue width in the lateral direction. The vertical axis is the length (cm) of the tissue in the lateral direction.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing changes over time in the amount of movement (amount of contraction) of three-dimensional muscle tissue.
- A The height of the convex portion is 100 ⁇ m
- B The height of the convex portion is 300 ⁇ m
- C The height of the convex portion is 500 ⁇ m.
- the method for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue of the present invention includes the following steps (A) and (B): (A) A step of supplying a hydrogel containing myoblasts to a culture container,
- the culture container is a culture container including a pair of anchor parts facing each other at the ends of the container, and a plurality of convex parts arranged between the pair of anchor parts, and (B) A step of inducing differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes in the culture vessel.
- three-dimensional muscle tissue mainly refers to muscles that are not derived from a living body but are artificially manufactured.
- the three-dimensional muscle tissue of the present invention is composed of muscle cells.
- the muscle cells are preferably striated muscle cells having contractile ability, specifically skeletal muscle cells or cardiac muscle cells.
- Myocytes are myoblast precursors in the form of multinucleated myotubes or myofibers.
- muscle fibers have myofibrils as constituent units, which are composed of actin filaments, which are proteins that make up muscles, and myosin filaments, which are proteins that make up muscles. Furthermore, myofibrils have a structure in which a plurality of sarcomere structures are connected in the longitudinal direction. It is known that muscle contraction and relaxation occur based on the interaction (sliding) of actin and myosin in sarcomeres.
- the three-dimensional muscle tissue of the present invention has a sarcomere structure. However, it does not matter whether or not sliding occurs in the sarcomere structure.
- Whether or not a three-dimensional muscle tissue has a sarcomere structure can be evaluated using a known method. For example, the presence of sarcomeric ⁇ -actinin (SAA), a protein that constitutes the Z membrane of the sarcomere structure, was evaluated by immunostaining of SAA, and the SAA immunostaining was positive and SAA was distributed in a regular stripe pattern. If there is a sarcomere structure, it can be determined that it has a sarcomere structure.
- SAA sarcomeric ⁇ -actinin
- the three-dimensional muscle tissue of the present invention is preferably an edible three-dimensional muscle tissue.
- the muscle cells constituting the muscle tissue are preferably skeletal muscle cells.
- Edible three-dimensional muscle tissue can be referred to as "cultured meat", "artificial meat”, etc.
- Step (A) is a step of supplying a hydrogel containing myoblasts to a culture container,
- the culture container has a plurality of substantially rectangular convex portions parallel to each other on the bottom, and anchor portions at both longitudinal ends of the convex portions.
- Myoblasts can be prepared by known techniques. For example, primary myoblasts obtained by treating muscle tissue derived from a living body with a degrading enzyme (eg, collagenase) can be used. For example, when the muscle cells constituting the three-dimensional tissue are skeletal muscle cells, the myoblasts are skeletal myoblasts. Note that filter processing can be performed to remove impurities such as connective tissue from primary myoblasts. On the other hand, it is not essential to completely remove cells other than myoblasts, and myoblasts can be used in a mixed state containing cells other than myoblasts.
- a degrading enzyme eg, collagenase
- myoblasts cells induced to differentiate from stem cells having pluripotency such as ES cells and iPS cells, or somatic stem cells having the ability to differentiate into myoblasts, can also be used.
- Myoblasts are derived from vertebrates such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
- mammals include non-human mammals such as monkeys, cows, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rats, and mice.
- avian animals include ostriches, chickens, ducks, and sparrows.
- reptile animals include snakes, crocodiles, lizards, and turtles.
- Amphibians include frogs, newts, salamanders, and the like.
- fish animals include salmon, tuna, shark, sea bream, and carp.
- the myoblasts are preferably derived from mammals raised for livestock such as cows, pigs, sheep, goats, and horses, and more preferably from cows.
- myoblasts myoblasts that have been genetically modified by homologous recombination, CRISPR/Cas9, or other genome editing methods, or myoblasts that have not been genetically modified can be used.
- myoblasts that have not been genetically modified from the viewpoint of safety and consumer preference.
- hydrogel The hydrogel functions as a scaffolding material during the culture of three-dimensional muscle tissue.
- One of the preferred embodiments of the hydrogel includes fibrin, fibronectin, laminin, collagen (for example, type I, type II, type III, type V, type XI, etc.), agar, agarose, glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid, A gel of components constituting the extracellular basement membrane matrix, such as proteoglycans, can be used.
- Commercial products can also be used as hydrogels. For example, components based on mouse EHS tumor extract (containing type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, etc.) sold under the trade name "Matrigel" can be used. can.
- collagen includes undenatured collagen and denatured collagen.
- denatured collagen is gelatin.
- the hydrogel includes a gel containing blood-derived plasma and a coagulant.
- the animal from which the blood is derived is derived from a mammalian animal raised for livestock production such as a cow, pig, sheep, goat, or horse, and is more preferably derived from a cow.
- the animal of origin may be a fetus before parturition or an adult after parturition.
- the age in days, months, and age of the source animal is not limited. In the case of an adult, it may be a young individual, a young individual, a mature individual, or an old individual after delivery from a female individual.
- the source animal is an adult cow, and more preferably an adult cow from the viewpoint of easy availability on the market and the amount to be slaughtered and slaughtered.
- Blood from adult cows can be obtained by collecting specimens from slaughtered cows at meat and wholesale markets, or by other methods.
- anticoagulants may be added to blood before delivery. Blood to which an anticoagulant has been added is separated into red blood cells and plasma containing fibrinogen by centrifugation. Here, if an anticoagulant is added to the blood, neither red blood cells nor plasma containing fibrinogen, which is a coagulation component, will coagulate or gel.
- the plasma gels.
- the hydrogel of this embodiment contains plasma, it is also expected to have a function of replenishing cell culture components, which are nutrients during cell culture.
- the adult bovine blood-derived plasma containing fibrinogen may be platelet-rich plasma (PRP plasma).
- PRP plasma is a platelet-rich plasma concentrate prepared by centrifuging plasma, and is enriched with platelets as well as soluble proteins and growth factors.
- Platelet-rich plasma can be collected by centrifugation, double centrifugation, selective filtration, etc. of blood to which an anticoagulant has been added. Specifically, plasma from which red blood cells have been removed may be further centrifuged and collected, or in the case of blood that also contains red blood cells, a layer of the plasma layer concentrated at the boundary with red blood cells may be collected.
- the anticoagulant is not limited as long as it prevents blood coagulation.
- anticoagulants include those that bind to calcium ions essential for blood coagulation, such as sodium citrate, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and sodium fluoride.
- sodium citrate it is more desirable to add it in an amount of 2% to 4% by volume, preferably around 3% by volume, based on the total amount of blood and anticoagulant.
- the coagulant is not limited as long as it can gel blood plasma containing an anticoagulant.
- examples of the coagulant include calcium chloride and DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium), with those containing calcium ions being more preferred.
- the coagulant is calcium chloride
- it can be added to the total amount of plasma and coagulant so that the calcium ion concentration is, for example, preferably 5mM to 70mM, more preferably 10mM to 65mM, even more preferably 10mM to 60mM.
- XX to YY means "more than or equal to XX and less than or equal to YY.”
- DMEM contains L-arginine, L-cystine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-valine, and calcium chloride.
- potassium chloride magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, D-glucose, folic acid, nicotinamide, riboflavin, vitamin B12, choline, inositol, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal phosphate, thiamine, iron, and the like.
- the amount of blood-derived plasma is preferably 0.1 volume% or more and 35 volume% or less, more preferably 0.1 volume% or more and 30 volume% or less, and even more preferably 0.1 volume% or more and 30 volume% or less, relative to the amount of DMEM. can be added in an amount of 0.2% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less.
- the hydrogel may further include a medium component.
- Medium components include DMEM (for example, manufactured by GIBCO), EMEM (for example, manufactured by GIBCO), MEMALPHA (for example, manufactured by GIBCO), RPMI-1640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium; manufactured by GIBCO), etc. can be mentioned.
- additive components commonly used in culture media can be appropriately blended into the culture medium components. Examples of additive components include antibiotics, vitamins, nucleic acids, amino acids, inorganic salts, sugars, polyamines, carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, pH adjusters, zinc, copper, selenium, and the like.
- the myoblasts in the hydrogel preferably have a cell density of about 1.0 x 10 6 cells/mL or more, more preferably about 1.0 x 10 7 cells/mL to about 1.0 x 10 8 cells/mL. , more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells/mL to about 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/mL.
- the culture container used in the present invention is a culture container for producing three-dimensional muscle tissue, and includes a pair of anchor portions facing each other at the ends of the container, and a plurality of convex portions arranged between the pair of anchor portions. This is a culture container. It is thought that by providing the convex portion, the orientation of myotubes and myofiber bundles is efficiently formed during culture.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a configuration example of a culture container 100 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the culture container 100.
- the material constituting the culture container 100 is not limited.
- the material constituting the culture container 100 is a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyolefin resins such as polypropylene; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate; acrylic resins; thermoplastic elastomers: silicone resins such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS);
- the material constituting the culture container 100 is preferably a material that is non-adhesive to cells or a material that has been surface-treated to become non-adhesive. Non-adhesive surface treatments include parylene coatings.
- the material constituting the culture container 100 may be transparent or opaque. From the viewpoint of ease of observation, it is preferably transparent.
- the culture container 100 can be manufactured using, for example, a 3D printer.
- the culture vessel is preferably rectangular.
- the length (X) of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is preferably 1 cm or more, more preferably 1.5 cm or more
- the length (Y) of the protrusion in the lateral direction is preferably 1 cm or more, More preferably, it is 2 cm or more.
- the longitudinal direction of the convex portion is the direction in which a pair of anchor portions, which will be described later, face each other, and the lateral direction of the convex portion is the direction in which the convex portions are arranged.
- the ratio [(Y)/(X)] of the length (Y) of the convex portion in the transverse direction to the length (X) of the convex portion in the longitudinal direction is preferably 0.7 or more.
- [(Y)/(X)] can also be 1 or more, 1.5 or more, or 2 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 4 or less.
- the culture container 100 has a plurality of convex portions arranged between a pair of anchor portions 20, which will be described later.
- the shape of the anchor part is not limited.
- the culture container has a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from above.
- the manner in which the plurality of convex portions are arranged is not limited.
- the plurality of convex portions are provided on the bottom so as to be parallel to each other.
- the height of the convex portion 10 is preferably 50 ⁇ m to 1 mm, more preferably 100 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m. Further, the distance between the convex portions is 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm, more preferably 50 ⁇ m to 2.5 mm, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- the culture container used in the present invention includes a pair of anchor portions facing each other at the ends of the container.
- the anchor part is not particularly limited as long as it is a means for fixing the hydrogel and the manufactured three-dimensional muscle tissue.
- a member that is fixed using a component having adhesive strength for example, hydrogel such as fibrin
- a plurality of cylindrical anchor portions 20 face each other at each end of the container.
- the cylindrical anchor portion 20 has a diameter of approximately 100 ⁇ m to 2 mm and a height of approximately 3 mm to 10 mm.
- FIGS. 4 to 9 show configuration examples of a culture container 200, a culture container 300, and a culture container 400 according to other embodiments using a perspective view, a top view, a front view, a right side view, and a bottom view.
- a hydrogel containing myoblasts is supplied to the culture vessel.
- a culture container is used as the bottom surface, a mold is provided on the side surface, and the hydrogel containing myoblasts is supplied.
- the amount of hydrogel containing myoblasts to be supplied can be set appropriately.
- the amount may be such that the thickness of the hydrogel is preferably 1 mm to 1 cm, more preferably 2 to 5 mm.
- the hydrogel supplied to the culture container can be heated and solidified.
- the temperature range for heating is preferably about 37°C.
- the heating time can be adjusted depending on the progress of gelation, and is exemplified to be about 5 minutes to 60 minutes, and more preferably about 10 minutes.
- the hydrogel containing myoblasts can be subjected to proliferation culture to allow the myoblasts contained therein to proliferate.
- the hydrogel contains a sufficient amount of myoblasts (for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/mL or more)
- the next step of inducing differentiation can be performed without performing proliferation culture.
- the next step of inducing differentiation can be performed after proliferation culture.
- the above-mentioned culture can be performed, for example, in the above-mentioned growth culture medium by a method known to those skilled in the art.
- a suitable culture method includes, but is not limited to, a method of culturing at about 37° C. and a carbon dioxide concentration of about 5 to 10% (v/v). Cultivation under the above conditions can be performed using, for example, a known CO 2 incubator.
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- EMEM Eagle's minimal essential medium
- ⁇ MEM alpha Modified Add serum components
- Components such as horse serum (Horse serum, Fetal bovine serum (FBS), human serum, etc.
- growth factors It is possible to use a medium supplemented with antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin. can.
- fetal bovine serum When adding a serum component to the growth culture medium, fetal bovine serum can be used as the serum component.
- concentration of serum components can be about 10% (v/v).
- the culture period can be, for example, about 1 day to 2 weeks.
- the culture medium can be replaced if necessary.
- Culture conditions can be according to conventional methods.
- Step (B) is a step of inducing differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes in the culture vessel. Through this step, myoblasts become multinucleated by cell fusion with surrounding cells, and myotubes are formed. Myotubes further mature to form muscle fibers.
- the above culture can be performed, for example, in a medium for differentiation induction (multinucleation medium) by a method known to those skilled in the art.
- suitable culturing methods include, but are not limited to, culturing at a temperature of about 37° C. and a carbon dioxide concentration of about 5 to 10% (v/v). Cultivation under the above conditions can be performed using, for example, a known CO 2 incubator.
- myoblasts become depleted of nutrients, they engulf surrounding cells and begin to become multinucleated. Therefore, induction of differentiation into myotubes can be performed using a medium containing fewer nutrients than the aforementioned proliferation culture.
- the present invention also relates to a three-dimensional muscle tissue obtained by the above manufacturing method.
- Example 1 Preparation of large contractile muscle tissue using bovine myoblasts Bovine myoblasts were embedded in a hydrogel with the composition shown below, and both ends were fixed and cultured to produce a muscle tissue with a length of 7 mm. was created. We investigated the formation and maturation conditions of muscle tissue by changing the hydrogel composition and cell density.
- a culture container 100 shown in FIG. 10 was created using a 3D printer (Formlab 3B, manufactured by BLULE Inc.).
- the length (X) of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction was 4 cm
- the length (Y) of the protrusion in the transverse direction was 3 cm.
- the convex portion 10 for promoting the orientation of muscle cells had a height of 200 ⁇ m and a width of 5 ⁇ m, was separated from the anchor portion by 2 mm, and had a longitudinal length of 3 cm.
- the anchor part 20 had a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a height of 5 mm, and was provided so that the distance between the center points was 1 mm.
- the surface of the created culture container was coated with parylene using a parylene vapor deposition device (Lab coater PDS2010, manufactured by Specialty Coating Systems). Next, after sterilizing the culture container using an ozone sterilizer, the anchor portion 20 was coated with fibronectin to promote cell adhesion.
- control culture container was created in the same manner as culture container 100 except that no convex portion was provided.
- Fibrinogen 25mg/mL
- 480 ⁇ L final concentration 4mg/mL
- Matrigel 600 ⁇ L final concentration 20%
- Thrombin 200 Unit/mL
- DMEM 1690 ⁇ L (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific, 11965118)
- a growth medium (10% FBS DMEM + 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin) was added and cultured for 2 days at 37° C. and 5% CO 2 . Thereafter, the medium was replaced with a differentiation medium (2% HS DMEM + 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin + 100 ⁇ M), and culture was continued for an additional 5 days to obtain three-dimensional muscle tissue. The medium was changed every other day. As the culture progressed over time, the three-dimensional muscle tissue contracted (shrinked) in the short direction of the convex part.
- a differentiation medium 2% HS DMEM + 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin + 100 ⁇ M
- Electrical stimulation was applied to the three-dimensional muscle tissue obtained on the 5th and 7th day of culture using the electrical stimulation culture system C-Pace (manufactured by IonOptic) under the following conditions: frequency: 1 Hz, strong Power: 0.3V/mm, Duration: 40ms. The presence or absence of contraction movement in response to electrical stimulation was observed by microscopic observation. Clear contraction movement was observed in the three-dimensional muscle tissue obtained using the culture vessel 100. On the other hand, no contraction movement could be observed in the three-dimensional muscle tissue obtained using the control culture vessel.
- Example 2 Examination of the size of cultured muscle tissue (fabrication of culture vessels 200, 300, and 400)
- the culture container 200 has a length (X) of the convex part in the longitudinal direction: a length (Y) of the convex part in the short direction of 4 cm: 3 cm; 4 cm: 8 cm.
- a culture vessel 300 with a diameter of 10 cm and a culture vessel 400 with a diameter of 10 cm were produced.
- a hydrogel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. 3 mL of the resulting cell-embedded hydrogel was poured into the culture container 200, 8 mL into the culture container 300, and 24 mL into the culture container 400, and left standing in a CO 2 incubator at 37° C. for 30 minutes. The gel was solidified. The cells were cultured for 7 days in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain three-dimensional muscle tissue. As the culture progressed over time, the three-dimensional muscle tissue contracted (shrinked) in the short direction of the convex part.
- the shrinkage amount of the three-dimensional muscle tissue using culture container 200 and culture container 300 was about 2 cm
- the shrinkage amount of the three-dimensional muscle tissue using culture container 400 was about 5 cm. This suggests that the amount of shrinkage of three-dimensional muscle tissue is approximately half the length of the convex part of the culture container in the transverse direction, and a culture container of the size estimated for the amount of shrinkage was used. By doing this, it became clear that it was possible to create three-dimensional muscle tissue of any size.
- Example 3 Production of hydrogel using edible pig blood (production of culture container 500)
- a culture container 500 was produced in which the length of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction (X): the length of the protrusion in the transverse direction (Y) was 8 cm:12 cm.
- Example 1 (Preparation and culture of hydrogel)
- a hydrogel was produced using the above composition using edible pig blood instead of Matrigel.
- 2.5 ⁇ 10 8 myoblast cells were mixed with the hydrogel at a concentration of 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells/mL to produce a hydrogel in which the cells were embedded.
- the culture container 500 or the control culture container was used as the bottom, a mold was provided on the side, and the obtained hydrogel in which cells were embedded was poured into the mold.
- the hydrogel was left standing in a CO 2 incubator at 37° C. for 30 minutes to solidify the hydrogel.
- the cells were cultured for 14 days in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the culture period was changed to 14 days to obtain a three-dimensional muscle tissue.
- Example 4 Examination of height of convex portion (fabrication of culture container)
- a culture container 600 in which the height of the projection 10 is 100 ⁇ m, a culture container 700 in which the height of the projection 10 is 300 ⁇ m, and a culture container 700 in which the height of the projection 10 is 300 ⁇ m are prepared in the same manner as the culture container 100 in Example 1 except for the height of the projection 10.
- Preparation and culture of hydrogel A hydrogel was prepared and cultured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of movement was particularly large when the height of the convex portion 10 was 100 ⁇ m.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、食肉の安定的供給の解決策の1つとして、代替肉の開発研究がなされてきている。
一方で、食用に適した十分な大きさを有する三次元筋組織を簡便に製造することに関し、更なる改善が必要であった。
本発明は、食用に適した十分な大きさを有する三次元筋組織を簡便に製造することができる三次元筋組織の製造方法及び三次元筋組織を製造するための培養容器を提供することを課題とする。
〔1〕 下記の工程(A)及び(B)を含む三次元筋組織の製造方法:
(A)筋芽細胞を含むハイドロゲルを培養容器へ供給する工程であって、
前記培養容器は、容器端部に向かい合う一対のアンカー部と、前記一対のアンカー部間にわたって複数の凸部が配列してなる培養容器である工程、並びに、
(B)前記培養容器中で、筋芽細胞を筋管へと分化誘導する工程。
〔2〕 前記培養容器において、前記凸部の長手方向の長さ(X)が1cm以上、かつ、前記凸部の短手方向の長さ(Y)が1cm以上である、上記〔1〕に記載の三次元筋組織の製造方法。
〔3〕 前記培養容器において、前記凸部の長手方向の長さ(X)に対する前記凸部の短手方向の長さ(Y)の比〔(Y)/(X)〕が0.7以上である、上記〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の三次元筋組織の製造方法。
〔4〕 前記凸部が、高さ50μm~1mmである、上記〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の三次元筋組織の製造方法。
〔5〕 前記凸部の互いの間隔が、10μm~1mmである、上記〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか1項に記載の三次元筋組織の製造方法。
〔6〕 上記〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により得られる三次元筋組織。
〔7〕 三次元筋組織を製造するための培養容器であって、容器端部に向かい合う一対のアンカー部と、前記一対のアンカー部間にわたって複数の凸部が配列してなる、培養容器。
本発明の三次元筋組織の製造方法は、下記の工程(A)及び(B)を含む:
(A)筋芽細胞を含むハイドロゲルを培養容器へ供給する工程であって、
前記培養容器は、容器端部に向かい合う一対のアンカー部と、前記一対のアンカー部間にわたって複数の凸部が配列してなる培養容器である工程、並びに、
(B)前記培養容器中で、筋芽細胞を筋管へと分化誘導する工程。
本発明において、三次元筋組織とは、生体に由来せず、人工的に製造された筋肉を主に意味する。本発明の三次元筋組織は、筋細胞から構成される。筋細胞は、好ましくは収縮能を有する横紋筋細胞であり、具体的には骨格筋細胞又は心筋細胞である。筋細胞は、その前駆体である筋芽細胞が多核化した筋管又は筋線維の形態である。
工程(A)は、筋芽細胞を含むハイドロゲルを培養容器へ供給する工程であって、
前記培養容器は、底部に複数の互いに平行な略長方形の凸部、及び前記凸部の長手方向の両端にアンカー部を備えた培養容器である。
(筋芽細胞)
筋芽細胞は、公知の手法により調製することができる。例えば、生体由来の筋組織を分解酵素(例えば、コラゲナーゼ)の処理を施して得られる初代筋芽細胞を使用することができる。
例えば、三次元組織を構成する筋細胞が骨格筋細胞であるとき、筋芽細胞は骨格筋芽細胞である。
なお、初代筋芽細胞から結合組織などの不純物を除去するためにフィルター処理を施すことができる。一方で、筋芽細胞以外の細胞を完全に除去することは必須ではなく、筋芽細胞は、筋芽細胞以外の細胞を含む混合状態で使用することができる。
ハイドロゲルは、三次元筋組織の培養時の足場材として機能する。
ハイドロゲルの好ましい態様の1つとしては、フィブリン、フィブロネクチン、ラミニン、コラーゲン(例えば、I型、II型、III型、V型、XI型など)、寒天、アガロース、グリコサミノグリカン、ヒアルロン酸、プロテオグリカンなどを等の細胞外基底膜マトリックスを構成する成分のゲルを使用することができる。ハイドロゲルとして市販品を使用することもできる例えば、「マトリゲル」の商品名で販売されるマウスEHS腫瘍抽出物(IV型コラーゲン、ラミニン、ヘパラン硫酸プロテオグリカンなどを含む)に基づく成分を使用することができる。
血液の由来動物は、入手容易性の観点から、ウシ、ブタ、ヒツジ、ヤギ、ウマ等の畜産のために飼育されるほ乳類動物に由来であり、より好ましくはウシ由来である。
由来動物は分娩前の胎児であっても、又は、分娩後の成体のいずれであってもよい。由来動物の日齢、月齢、年齢は限定されない。成体である場合、雌性個体から分娩された後の、幼い個体、若い個体、成熟した個体、老いた個体のいずれであってもよい。
好ましい態様において由来動物は成体のウシであり、中でも市場からの入手のしやすさ及び屠畜解体される量から、より好ましくは成熟したウシである。
成牛の血液は、食肉市場や卸売市場において屠畜解体される牛から検体として採取する方法や、その他の方法により得られる。
なお、本態様のハイドロゲルは、血漿を含むため、細胞培養時の栄養分たる細胞培養成分の補給機能も期待される。
クエン酸ナトリウムの場合、血液及び抗凝固剤全量に対し、2体積%~4体積%、好ましくは、3体積%前後となるように添加することがより望ましい。
なお、本明細書において。「XX~YY」は、「XX以上YY以下」を意味する。
凝固剤がDMEMの場合、DMEMの量に対し、血液由来血漿の量を、例えば好ましくは0.1体積%以上35体積%以下、より好ましくは0.1体積%以上30体積%以下、さらに好ましくは0.2体積%以上30体積%以下となるように添加することができる。
培地成分としては、DMEM(例えば、GIBCO社製等)や、EMEM(例えば、GIBCO社製)、MEMALPHA(例えば、GIBCO社製)、RPMI-1640(Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640培地;GIBCO社製)等が挙げられる。
さらに培地成分には、通常培地で使用する添加剤成分を適宜配合することができる。添加剤成分としては、抗生物質の他、ビタミン類、核酸、アミノ酸、無機塩、糖、ポリアミン、炭水化物、タンパク質、脂肪酸、脂質、pH調整剤、亜鉛、銅、セレン等が例示される。
本発明で使用する培養容器は、三次元筋組織を製造するための培養容器であって、容器端部に向かい合う一対のアンカー部と、前記一対のアンカー部間にわたって複数の凸部が配列してなる培養容器である。
該凸部を備えることで、培養時に筋管及び筋線維の束の配向が効率的に形成されると考えられる。
図1は、本実施形態に係る培養容器100の構成例の斜視図を示す。図2は、培養容器100の断面図を示す。
また、培養容器100を構成する素材は、好ましくは細胞に対して非接着性の材質又は非接着性となる表面処理が施されている素材である。非接着性となる表面処理としては、パリレンコーティングが挙げられる。
培養容器100を構成する素材は、透明又は不透明のいずれであってもよい。観察の容易性の観点から、好ましくは透明である。
培養容器100は、例えば3Dプリンターを用いて製造することができる。
また、前記凸部の長手方向の長さ(X)に対する前記凸部の短手方向の長さ(Y)の比〔(Y)/(X)〕は、好ましくは0.7以上である。〔(Y)/(X)〕は、1以上、1.5以上、2以上とすることもできる。上限は特に限定されず、例えば4以下である。
アンカー部の形状は限定されない。例えば、培養容器の上部からの平面視の形状が略長方形である。
凸部10は、好ましくは高さ50μm~1mm、より好ましくは100μm~300μmである。
また、前記凸部の互いの間隔が、10μm~5mm、より好ましくは50μm~2.5mm、更に好ましくは100μm~1mmである。
図1に示す好ましい態様である培養容器100は、容器端部のそれぞれに複数の円柱状からなるのアンカー部20が向かい合っている。円柱状のアンカー部20は、直径が100μm~2mm程度、高さが3mm~10mm程度である。
筋芽細胞を含むハイドロゲルは、上記培養容器に供給される。好ましくは、培養容器を底面とし、側面に型枠を設けて、筋芽細胞を含むハイドロゲルを供給する。
供給する筋芽細胞を含むハイドロゲルの量は適宜設定することができる。例えば、ハイドロゲルの厚さが好ましくは1mm~1cm、より好ましくは2~5mmとなる量とすることができる。
例えば、筋芽細胞がハイドロゲルに十分量(例えば、1.0×108個/mL以上)含まれる場合、増殖培養を行うことなく次の分化誘導の工程を行うことができる。例えば、筋芽細胞を増殖させる必要がある場合は、増殖培養を行った後に次の分化誘導の工程を行うことができる。
工程(B)は、前記培養容器中で、筋芽細胞を筋管へと分化誘導する工程である。
当該工程により、筋芽細胞は周囲の細胞と細胞融合により多核化し、筋管が形成される。筋管はさらに成熟することで筋線維を形成する。
本発明は、上記の製造方法により得られる三次元筋組織にも関する。
ウシ筋芽細胞を下記に示す組成のハイドロゲルに包埋し、両端を固定し培養することにより長さ7mmの筋組織を作製した。ハイドロゲル組成および細胞密度を変化させ、筋組織の形成条件並びに成熟条件を検討した。
3Dプリンター(BLULE Inc社製、Formlab3B)を用いて図10に示す培養容器100を作成した。培養容器100は凸部の長手方向の長さ(X)が4cm、凸部の短手方向の長さ(Y)が3cmであった。筋細胞の配向を促すための凸部10は高さが200μm及び幅5μmであり、アンカー部と2mm離し、長手方向の長さが3cmであった。
アンカー部20は、直径0.5mm、高さ5mmの円柱状であり、中心点の間隔が1mmとなるように設けた。
作成した培養容器の表面を、パリレン蒸着装置(Speciality Coating System社製、ラボコーターPDS2010)を用いて表面をパリレンコーティングした。次いで、オゾン滅菌装置を用いて培養容器を滅菌後、細胞接着を促すためアンカー部20にフィブロネクチンコーティングを施した。
凸部を設けない以外は培養容器100と同様にして、対照培養容器を作成した。
フィブリノーゲン(25mg/mL) 480μL(終濃度4mg/mL)(Sigma社製、F8630)
マトリゲル 600μL(終濃度20%)(Corning社製、356231)
Thrombin(200Unit/mL) 30μL(終濃度2Unit/mL)(Sigma社製、T4648-10KU)
DMEM 1890μL(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製、11965118)
筋芽細胞3.0×107cellsを、1.0×107cells/mLとなるようにハイドロゲルと混合し、細胞を包埋したハイドロゲルを作製した。培養容器100又は対照培養容器を底面とし、側面に型枠を設けて、そこに得られた細胞を包埋したハイドロゲルを流し込んだ。37℃、30分間、CO2インキュベータ内で静置し、ハイドロゲルを固化した。
次いで、増殖用培地(10%FBS DMEM+1%Penicillin/Streptomycin)を添加し、加えて37℃、5%CO2で2日間培養した。
その後、培地を分化用培地(2%HS DMEM+1%Penicillin/Streptomycin+100μM)に交換し、さらに5日間培養を継続し、三次元筋組織を得た。培地は隔日で交換した。
培養の時間経過に伴い、三次元筋組織は凸部の短手方向に収縮(シュリンク)した。
培養5日目及び7日目に得られた三次元筋組織に対して、電気刺激培養システムC-Pace(IonOptic社製)を用いて、下記条件の電気刺激を与えた:頻度:1Hz、強さ:0.3V/mm、持続時間:40ms。顕微鏡観察により、電気刺激に応答した収縮運動の有無を観察した。
培養容器100を用いて得た三次元筋組織において、明確な収縮運動が観察された。一方、対照培養容器を用いて得た三次元筋組織においては、収縮運動は観察できなかった。
7日間経過後、得られた三次元筋組織を4%PFAで固定し、Sarcomeric α-actinin(SAA)の免疫染色及びHoechst33342を用いた細胞核染色を行った。
顕微鏡観察の結果を図11-1に示す。
培養容器100を用いて得た三次元筋組織(左図)では、SAAで染色される筋管領域が多数観察され、また筋管領域は互いに配向していた。一方、対照培養容器を用いて得た三次元筋組織(右図)では、観察される筋管領域は少なく、かつ、配向性が乏しかった。
(培養容器200、培養容器300、培養容器400の作製)
実施例1における培養容器100と同様にして、凸部の長手方向の長さ(X):凸部の短手方向の長さ(Y)が、4cm:3cmである培養容器200;4cm:8cmである培養容器300、10cm:10cmである培養容器400を作製した。
実施例1と同様にしてハイドロゲルを作製した。
得られた細胞を包埋したハイドロゲルを培養容器200には3mL、培養容器300には8mL、培養容器400には24mLそれぞれ流し込み、37℃、30分間、CO2インキュベータ内で静置し、ハイドロゲルを固化した。
実施例1と同様の方法で、7日間培養し、三次元筋組織を得た。培養の時間経過に伴い、三次元筋組織は凸部の短手方向に収縮(シュリンク)した。
ハイドロゲルから三次元筋組織への培養中、凸部の短手方向の長さを経時的に測定し、収縮の程度(シュリンク量)を観察した。結果を図12に示す。
7日間培養後、培養容器200及び培養容器300を用いた三次元筋組織ではシュリンク量は約2cmであり、培養容器400を用いた三次元筋組織ではシュリンク量は約5cmであった。
このことから、三次元筋組織のシュリンク量は、培養容器の凸部の短手方向の長さの約2分の1であることが示唆され、シュリンク量を推定した大きさの培養容器を使用することで、任意の大きさの三次元筋組織の作製が可能であることが明らかになった。
(培養容器500の作製)
実施例1における培養容器100と同様にして、凸部の長手方向の長さ(X):凸部の短手方向の長さ(Y)が、8cm:12cmである培養容器500を作製した。
フィブリノーゲン(25mg/mL) 4000μL(終濃度4mg/mL)(Sigma社製、F8630)
食用ブタ血液 5000μL(終濃度20%)
Thrombin(200Unit/mL) 250μL(終濃度2Unit/mL)(Sigma社製、T4648-10KU)
DMEM 15750μL(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製、11965118)
実施例1におけるハイドロゲル組成において、マトリゲルに替えて食用ブタ血液を用いた上記組成によりハイドロゲルを作製した。
筋芽細胞2.5×108cellsを、1.0×107cells/mLとなるようにハイドロゲルと混合し、細胞を包埋したハイドロゲルを作製した。培養容器500又は対照培養容器を底面とし、側面に型枠を設けて、そこに得られた細胞を包埋したハイドロゲルを流し込んだ。37℃、30分間、CO2インキュベータ内で静置し、ハイドロゲルを固化した。
次いで、培養期間を14日間とする以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、14日間培養し、三次元筋組織を得た。
14日間培養により、約8cm×8cmの三次元筋組織を得た。培養の時間経過に伴い、三次元筋組織は凸部の短手方向に約4cm収縮(シュリンク)した。
以上の結果より、マトリゲルを食用ブタ血液に変更しても収縮可能な組織が作製可能であること、組織のシュリンク量はマトリゲルと同等であることが明らかとなった。
(培養容器の作製)
凸部10の高さ以外は実施例1における培養容器100と同様にして、凸部10の高さが100μmである培養容器600、凸部10の高さが300μmである培養容器700、及び凸部10の高さが500μmである培養容器800を作製した。
(ハイドロゲルの作製及び培養)
実施例1と同様にしてハイドロゲルを作製及び培養をした。
培養14日目に実施例3と同様にして電気刺激を行い、電気刺激に応答した三次元筋組織の収縮運動を顕微鏡にて観察及び動画撮影した。撮影した動画に基づき、収縮量として、収縮に伴う三次元筋組織の移動距離(図中、Distance(μm))の経時変化をグラフ化した。
結果を図13に示す。
10 凸部
20 アンカー部
200 培養容器
300 培養容器
400 培養容器
Claims (7)
- 下記の工程(A)及び(B)を含む三次元筋組織の製造方法:
(A)筋芽細胞を含むハイドロゲルを培養容器へ供給する工程であって、
前記培養容器は、容器端部に向かい合う一対のアンカー部と、前記一対のアンカー部間にわたって複数の凸部が配列してなる培養容器である工程、並びに、
(B)前記培養容器中で、筋芽細胞を筋管へと分化誘導する工程。 - 前記培養容器において、前記凸部の長手方向の長さ(X)が1cm以上、かつ、前記凸部の短手方向の長さ(Y)が1cm以上である、請求項1に記載の三次元筋組織の製造方法。
- 前記培養容器において、前記凸部の長手方向の長さ(X)に対する前記凸部の短手方向の長さ(Y)の比〔(Y)/(X)〕が0.7以上である、請求項1に記載の三次元筋組織の製造方法。
- 前記凸部が、高さ50μm~1mmである、請求項1に記載の三次元筋組織の製造方法。
- 前記凸部の互いの間隔が、10μm~1mmである、請求項1に記載の三次元筋組織の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により得られる三次元筋組織。
- 三次元筋組織を製造するための培養容器であって、容器端部に向かい合う一対のアンカー部と、前記一対のアンカー部間にわたって複数の凸部が配列してなる、培養容器。
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| CN113508172A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2021-10-15 | 日清食品控股株式会社 | 三维肌肉组织及其制造方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008289375A (ja) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-04 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 紐状の心筋細胞集合体を形成するための細胞培養支持体 |
| JP2020141573A (ja) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | 日清食品ホールディングス株式会社 | 三次元筋組織とその製造方法 |
| WO2021132478A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-01 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 3次元組織複合体及び3次元組織複合体の製造方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-07-29 JP JP2022122160A patent/JP2024018683A/ja active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-07-28 WO PCT/JP2023/027702 patent/WO2024024929A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008289375A (ja) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-04 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 紐状の心筋細胞集合体を形成するための細胞培養支持体 |
| JP2020141573A (ja) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | 日清食品ホールディングス株式会社 | 三次元筋組織とその製造方法 |
| WO2021132478A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-01 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 3次元組織複合体及び3次元組織複合体の製造方法 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113508172A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2021-10-15 | 日清食品控股株式会社 | 三维肌肉组织及其制造方法 |
| CN113508172B (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2024-12-03 | 日清食品控股株式会社 | 三维肌肉组织及其制造方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2024018683A (ja) | 2024-02-08 |
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