WO2024023694A1 - Collecteur de courant pour dispositif electrochimique de stockage ou de generation d'energie electrique - Google Patents
Collecteur de courant pour dispositif electrochimique de stockage ou de generation d'energie electrique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024023694A1 WO2024023694A1 PCT/IB2023/057526 IB2023057526W WO2024023694A1 WO 2024023694 A1 WO2024023694 A1 WO 2024023694A1 IB 2023057526 W IB2023057526 W IB 2023057526W WO 2024023694 A1 WO2024023694 A1 WO 2024023694A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/75—Wires, rods or strips
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electrochemical devices, and more precisely to the field of electrochemical devices for the storage and generation of electrical energy. It concerns more precisely current collectors usable in electrochemical systems and devices for generating electrical energy, such as fuel cells, and in electrochemical systems and devices for storing electrical energy, such as batteries (and more). particularly lithium ion batteries and lithium-air batteries) and supercapacitors. These current collectors have a particular geometry which allows, when used in energy storage devices, to optimize the adhesion of the active material of the electrode to the current collector while limiting the resistance of the electrode. interface. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a current collector, having a new architecture, which gives it excellent electrical conductivity.
- the electrodes of energy storage devices are usually made by depositing an active material on thin electrically conductive films called current collectors.
- Current collectors allow electric current to flow to and/or from the active material, while providing mechanically robust support for the active material.
- the main current collectors used in these energy storage devices are sheets of aluminum, copper, stainless steel or nickel, with a thickness of less than 40 pm.
- the electrodes of these energy storage devices are generally made up of active material particles, binders ensuring the mechanical cohesion of the electrode and conductive particles ensuring electrical conductivity within the electrode.
- Sufficient adhesion of the active material to the current collector is desirable in order to ensure the processability of the electrode during the assembly stages of the electrochemical system, for example during cutting or winding stages. This adhesion is also desirable in order to optimize the lifespan of the energy storage device comprising it.
- the materials used to make the current collector being different from those present in the electrode, the binders must ensure both the cohesion of the active material but also the good adhesion of the latter on the current collector, which can constrain the choice.
- the proportion of binder in the active material must be adjusted to ensure sufficient adhesion to the current collector.
- the electronic transfer between the current collector and the active material must be as efficient as possible.
- binders and electrically conductive particles in the active material ensures both good adhesion and limits interface resistance.
- these elements do not contribute to the active material's ability to store electrical energy, which is its primary purpose. It is desirable to maintain the highest possible level of active particles in the active material in order to obtain the most efficient energy storage system possible, while reducing production and raw material costs.
- EP 3 716 378 A1 to coat the current collector of an electrical energy storage device with an interface layer.
- This interface layer comprises a binder and a conductive material such as carbon particles, particularly in the form of carbon black, graphite, graphene or even carbon nanotube.
- a conductive material such as carbon particles, particularly in the form of carbon black, graphite, graphene or even carbon nanotube.
- He is also known of US 2012/0121974 to protect the current collector of the cathode by a porous protective conductive coating comprising conductive carbon or graphite.
- this interface layer still generates an electrical contact resistance both between the interface layer and the substrate, and between this interface layer and the active material. Furthermore, the contact surface between the active material and the current collector being small, it is necessary to use a significant quantity of carbon particles in this interface layer.
- An objective of the present invention is to remedy at least partly the disadvantages of the prior art mentioned above.
- It aims in particular to propose a current collector usable in any electrochemical energy storage system making it possible to effectively ensure the adhesion of the active material while limiting the interface resistance.
- an energy storage device preferably an electrochemical energy storage system such as a battery, a supercapacitor, or even a fuel cell, having a very long lifespan.
- At least one of the above objectives is achieved via at least one of the objects according to the invention, as presented below.
- the present invention proposes as respective objects a current collector, its manufacturing method as well as an energy storage device such as a battery, these objects being worded in the appended claims.
- the present invention proposes as a first object a current collector for an electrochemical energy storage system or electrochemical generation system comprising: a. an electronic conductive substrate, b. a non-electrically conductive polymer matrix, and c. carbon nanotubes comprising a first so-called transfer end, making it possible to transfer the current to the substrate, this first end being fixed on the surface of said electronically conductive substrate and electrically connected to the surface of said electronically conductive substrate, as well as a second end, opposite said first end, called collection end, capable of collecting the current from an external active material, in particular from an electrode.
- a layer comprising a plurality of collection regions, which are electrically isolated from each other by intermediate zones of said electrically non-conductive polymer matrix, and where each region of collection comprises a plurality of said carbon nanotubes, and all of the second ends of said carbon nanotubes of each collection region protrude beyond the surface of the electrically non-conductive polymer matrix.
- the carbon nanotubes of the collection regions have, in top view, an average intertube spacing of less than 100 nm , said collection regions have, in top view, a circular shape, and the smallest distance between the outer edges of said collection regions is, in top view, greater than or equal to 1 pm, preferably greater than 10 pm, said electronic conductive substrate is chosen from copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, heavily doped silicon, carbon and composite materials comprising carbon and, preferably, from composite materials comprising carbon and a resin chosen from polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, polyetheretherketone resins or a mixture of one or more of these, said electronic conductive substrate is chosen from planar substrates, substrates in the form of grid, the substrates in the form of fibers and the substrates in the form of felt, said carbon nanotubes, electrically connected to the surface of said electronically conductive substrate, have o
- the invention also relates to a device for storing or generating electrical energy such as a battery, a supercapacitor or a fuel cell comprising a current collector according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to an electrochemical system for storing or generating electrical energy comprising a current collector according to the invention.
- the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a current collector comprising an electronically conductive substrate, carbon nanotubes having one end fixed to the surface of said electronically conductive substrate, and a non-electrically conductive polymer matrix, said method comprising the following successive steps: a. synthesize, on the electronically conductive substrate, carbon nanotubes vertically aligned so as to form a mat, preferably by the chemical vapor deposition technique, or transfer aligned nanotubes synthesized on another substrate onto said electronically conductive substrate, b .
- the deposition of said non-electrically conductive polymer matrix, during step b) is carried out by a method chosen from coating, spraying, soak-shrink, extrusion, single or multi-step infiltration, and single or multi-step infusion.
- Figures 1 to 10 illustrate certain aspects of the invention.
- Figures 1 to 3 show, schematically, a current collector according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view, illustrating a current collector (1) according to the invention comprising an electronic conductive substrate (2), vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (3) forming collection regions (33) and a non-electrically conductive polymer matrix (4) forming interlayer zones (41) of non-electrically conductive polymer matrix.
- FIG. 2 is a top view, similar to Figure 1, illustrating a current collector (1) according to the invention, and more particularly, the circular shapes of the collection regions (33) each comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes vertically aligned (3) as well as the smallest distance (d) between the outer edges of said collection regions.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view, illustrating an electrode (10) of an energy storage system comprising a current collector (1) according to the invention and active material (5) placed on this current collector. fluent.
- FIG. 4 schematically represents a three-dimensional exploded perspective view of a standardized SwagelokTM type cell, making it possible to evaluate the supercapacitor components in the wet process, and showing a central separator, electrodes arranged at both ends of the separator central and current collectors arranged on the ends of the electrodes, on the side opposite the separator.
- FIG. 5 schematically represents a three-dimensional exploded perspective view of a standardized SwagelokTM type cell, making it possible to evaluate the supercapacitor components in the dry process, and showing a central separator, self-supporting electrodes arranged at both ends of the central separator and current collectors arranged on the ends of the self-supporting electrodes, on the side opposite the separator.
- FIG. 6 schematically represents an exploded three-dimensional view of a standardized “coin cell 2032” type half-battery cell, allowing the components of a battery to be evaluated, and revealing a central separator (Celgard 3501 impregnated with a 1M LiPFe electrolytic solution in a mixture of ethyl carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) with an EC/DEC ratio (1:1)), electrodes arranged at both ends of the central separator and current collectors arranged on the ends of the electrodes, on the side opposite the separator.
- EC ethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- FIG. 7 schematically represents an exploded three-dimensional view of an open cell device comprising a substrate such as a current collector according to the invention assembled with a separator (Celgard 3501) impregnated with an EMITFSI 99.5 ionic liquid % (Solvionic), so as to form a substrate / separator / substrate structure after pressing under 1 N by tightening the screws of the pressing plates with a torque screwdriver.
- FIG. 8 represents Nyquist diagrams obtained with current collectors according to the invention comprising different volume ratios SBR/C (%), in particular current collectors having a volume ratio SBR/C of 153% (x), 191% (points marked by triangles), 298% (points marked by diamonds), 687% (points marked by squares), and a commercial current collector of type NPC-055D Korea JCC supplied by the company Samwha (- -), as well as details of these same diagrams.
- FIG. 9 represents the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) evaluated from the Nyquist diagrams presented in Figure 8, for different SBR/C volume ratios of different current collectors, in particular a commercial current collector of type NPC-055D Korea JCC supplied by the company Samwha (--), current collectors according to the invention comprising between 0.15 mg of SBR per cm 2 and 0.43 mg of SBR per cm 2 as developed in Example 3 (points marked by black discs), layers of VACNT as produced in Example 1 without polymeric coating (points marked by triangles), and current collectors according to the invention comprising more than 1 mg of SBR per cm 2 as developed in Example 3 (points marked by squares).
- ESR Equivalent Series Resistance
- FIG. 10 shows the results of visual evaluation tests of the mechanical resistance of a commercial current collector of type NPC-055D Korea JCC supplied by the company Samwha, of a supported VACNT layer as developed in the example 1 without polymeric coating, and that of current collectors according to the invention, for different volume ratios SBR/C. Description of the invention
- the present invention describes a current collector (1) for an electrochemical system or device for storing or generating electrical energy comprising: has. an electronic conductive substrate (2), b. an electrically non-conductive polymer matrix (4), and c.
- nanotubes which are advantageously vertically aligned nanotubes (3), hereinafter VACNT from the English “Vertically Aligned Carbon NanoTubes”, said nanotubes comprising a first so-called transfer end (31), making it possible to transfer the current to the substrate , this first end being fixed on the surface of said electronic conductive substrate, and electrically connected to the surface of said electronic conductive substrate, as well as a second end (32), opposite said first end, called collection end, capable of collecting the current from an external active material (5), in particular from an electrode.
- transfer end 31
- second end opposite said first end, called collection end
- each collection region comprises a plurality of said carbon nanotubes, and all of the second ends of said carbon nanotubes of each collection region protrude beyond the surface of the electrically non-conductive polymer matrix.
- the invention will be explained below mainly in relation to vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, which represent a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention.
- the nanotubes may have been synthesized (ie deposited by a chemical process, typically in the vapor phase) on this electronically conductive substrate, or they may having been mechanically transferred to said electronically conductive substrate, after having been synthesized on another substrate.
- a transfer of vertically aligned nanotubes from one substrate to another can be done using techniques known to those skilled in the art; an example will be given below.
- VACNT mats The presence of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (3) on the electronic conductive substrate (2), hereinafter referred to as a layer of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes or VACNT mats, provides numerous electrical contact points for the active material. (5), thanks to their large specific surface area and their vertical orientation.
- the synthesis of VACNTs on the electronic conductive substrate (2) ensures direct electrical contact between the electronic conductive substrate (2) and the active material (5) through the unit tubes of the VACNTs. This makes it possible to limit the quantity of conductive particles in the active material but also to significantly reduce the interface resistance between the active material (5) and the electronic conductive substrate (2).
- the presence of a non-electrically conductive polymer matrix (4) makes it possible to improve the adhesion of the VACNTs to the substrate. It offers purely polymeric attachment zones to the active material (5) of the electrode, freeing up the choice of binders ensuring the mechanical cohesion of the electrode. The fact of using such a non-electrically conductive polymer matrix (4) makes it possible to significantly reduce the quantity of binder within the electrode.
- the electrically non-conductive polymer matrix (4) is preferably an electronically non-conductive material, and advantageously has good ionic conductivity.
- the coating of VACNTs directly synthesized on an electronically conductive substrate (2), with an electrically non-conductive polymer matrix (4) made it possible to generate a bimodal porosity particularly suited to the intended application.
- the synthesized VACNT mat advantageously has a regular inter-tube spacing of less than 100 nm, preferably of the order of 5 nm to 50 nm depending on the synthesis conditions.
- the electrically non-conductive polymer matrix (4) is advantageously produced from any suitable electrically non-conductive polymer or mixture of suitable electrically non-conductive polymers, such as poly(styrene/butadiene) known as the acronym SBR (from the English Styrene-Butadiene Rubber), carboxymethylcellulose known by the acronym CMC or even poly(acrylic acid) known by the acronym PAA.
- SBR poly(styrene/butadiene)
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- PAA poly(acrylic acid)
- the non-electrically conductive polymer matrix in particular the polymer(s) constituting this polymer matrix will be chosen according to the final use of the current collector according to the invention, of the energy storage device comprising it, in particular of the temperature resistance in operation targeted by the device, of the different materials constituting said device, such as the active material of the electrodes.
- the deposition of the electrically non-conductive polymer matrix (4) on the electronically conductive substrate (2) previously coated with vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (3) creates, in a surprising manner, whatever its deposition process.
- the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of the collection regions (33) have an average inter-tube spacing of less than 100 nm in order to ensure sufficient direct electrical contact between the electronically conductive substrate (2) and the active material (5). , in particular an electrode.
- Said collection regions (33) advantageously have a circular shape and the smallest distance (d) between the outer edges of said collection regions is greater than or equal to 1 pm, preferably greater than 10 pm, preferably between 1 pm and 50 p.m. This distance is of the order of the size of the active material particles usually used in the electrodes of electrochemical energy storage systems.
- This particular structure of the current collector according to the invention has both zones very suitable for adhesion of the active material (i.e.
- the collection regions (33) and the interlayer zones (41) of the non-electrically conductive polymer matrix are distributed homogeneously on the surface of the current collector, not generating inhomogeneities in adhesion or conduction electrical, which could be detrimental to the operation of the energy storage device comprising such a current collector according to the invention.
- the current collector according to the invention makes it possible, optimally, to effectively ensure adhesion of the active material while limiting the interface resistance when: the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of the collection regions (33) have a average inter-tube spacing less than 100 nm, and said collection regions (33) have a circular shape, and where the smallest distance (d) between the outer edges of said collection regions is greater than or equal to 1 pm, preferably greater than 10 pm, preferably between 1 pm and 50 pm.
- the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (3) electrically connected to the surface of said electronic conductive substrate (2), advantageously have a thickness of less than 10 pm, preferably less than 1 pm in order to minimize the additional mass linked to the use of these vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (3) i.e. minimize the final weight of the current collector according to the invention, and ultimately optimize the electrochemical energy storage system comprising such a current collector according to the invention.
- the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (3) electrically connected to the surface of said electronically conductive substrate (2), advantageously have a developed surface area greater than 100 m 2 /g, preferably greater than 250 m 2 /g in order to maximize contact between the external active material (5), in particular an electrode and the carbon nanotubes, preferably the so-called collecting ends (32) of the carbon nanotubes.
- volume ratio of non-electrically conductive polymer matrix/carbon nanotubes of the current collector according to the invention is advantageously less than 300%, preferably less than 200%, and even more preferably less than 70%.
- This volume ratio is determined as a function of the quantity of carbon nanotubes and that of the polymer(s) constituting the electrically non-conductive polymer matrix present within the current collector according to the invention, and their respective theoretical densities.
- the polymer matrix/C volume ratio is advantageously chosen as a function of the final application of the energy storage device comprising a current collector according to the invention.
- the shape of the electronic conductive substrate is advantageously adapted to the architecture of the energy storage device comprising it.
- the electronic conductive substrate can thus be chosen from planar substrates, substrates in the form of a grid, substrates in the form of fibers and substrates in the form of felt.
- the chemical nature of the electronic conductive substrate is chosen in particular according to the operating methods of the energy storage device comprising it and the processes used during the manufacture of this energy storage device.
- the electronic conductive substrate can be a metal, an alloy of metals or even composite materials comprising carbon called hereinafter carbon materials. It is preferably chosen from copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, heavily doped silicon, carbon and composite materials comprising carbon and, preferably, composite materials comprising carbon and a resin chosen from polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, polyetheretherketone resins or a mixture of one or more of these.
- Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes in the form of mats, almost free of by-products and having controlled physicochemical characteristics (length, diameter, density of the carbon nanotubes), can be produced on an electronically conductive substrate, by any means. , and are advantageously synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition process (Chemical Vapor Deposition in English, better known by the acronym CVD).
- Vertically aligned carbon nanotube mats or layers can be made by this one- or two-step process on the surface of the electronically conductive substrate.
- the carbon nanotubes, obtained by one or other of these processes, advantageously have a diameter of between 5 nm and 50 nm, which ensures a good compromise in the developed surface (which must be large to improve electrical contact ) and the intrinsic electrical conductivity of the nanotubes.
- the one-step chemical vapor deposition process from aerosols preferably from a solution of ferrocene in toluene, makes it possible to synthesize, on substrates of different natures, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes having physicochemical characteristics that can be modulated depending on the intended application, in particular by controlling the diameter, length and density of the carbon nanotubes, over a wide range.
- the precursors carbon and catalytic are injected simultaneously into the reactor, at a temperature between 550°C and 850°C, so as to induce the nucleation and growth of the carbon nanotubes.
- the synthesis temperature is advantageously around 800°C. This is a low-cost and easily industrializable process.
- This process makes it possible to obtain carbon nanotubes having a diameter advantageously between 20 nm and 40 nm for a density of 10 9 carbon nanotubes/cm 2 and more generally a diameter between 5 nm and 50 nm for a density between 10 8 and 10 12 nanotubes/cm 2 .
- the two-step chemical vapor deposition process comprises the deposition of a layer of a catalyst material carried out prior to the step of nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes from a gaseous carbon source, such as 'acetylene.
- a gaseous carbon source such as 'acetylene.
- acetylene makes it possible to lower the synthesis temperature to a temperature below 650°C. This offers the possibility of growing carbon nanotubes on substrates with a lower melting temperature such as aluminum.
- This process advantageously makes it possible to obtain carbon nanotubes having a diameter less than 5 nm, denser than those obtained by the one-step process (density greater than or equal to 10 11 carbon nanotubes/nm 2 ).
- the growth rate and film thickness of carbon nanotubes can be adjusted by controlling the reaction temperature, or by adjusting the concentration of acetylene in the reactor. Adjustment of the size of the catalyst particles, the catalyst material used, the reagents and/or the additive species, the temperature, the pressure and other parameters, by methods known to those skilled in the art, allows to control, appropriately, the morphology and density of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes in these VACNT layers or mats.
- the electronic conductive substrate can be heavily doped silicon, a metal or an alloy of metals, carbon materials.
- a barrier sublayer preferably SiO x
- this deposition precedes feeding the reactor with catalyst and carbon precursors necessary for the growth of carbon nanotubes.
- this deposition precedes the deposition of the catalyst.
- Deposition on an aluminum substrate does not require depositing a barrier undercoat because the native oxide already acts as a barrier undercoat.
- a non-electrically conductive polymer matrix is deposited by any appropriate means, preferably by a liquid phase deposition process, so as to obtain a collector current according to the invention.
- the deposition of this polymeric matrix makes it possible to create on the surface of the electronically conductive substrate, a layer comprising a plurality of collection regions, which are electrically isolated from each other by interposed zones of said non-electrically conductive polymeric matrix, and wherein each collection region comprises a plurality of said vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, and all of the second ends of said vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of each collection region protrude beyond the surface of the non-conductive polymer matrix of the 'electricity.
- the deposition of said non-electrically conductive polymer matrix is carried out by any appropriate means, preferably by a method chosen from coating, spraying, soaking-removal of a liquid phase in which the polymer(s) are dissolved in a suitable solvent. This solvent is then extracted, in particular by evaporation.
- the deposition of the polymeric matrix can also be carried out by extrusion, infiltration in one or more stages or even by infusion in one or more stages.
- the current collector according to the invention can also undergo a hot pressing or lamination step, in order to consolidate its mechanical structure.
- the invention is illustrated below by examples which, however, do not limit the invention. These examples relate to the preparation of a current collector according to the invention and their evaluation with regard to a commercial current collector.
- the commercial current collector used for comparison, is a sheet referenced NPC-055D Korea JCC supplied by the Samwha company.
- the commercial current collector is consisting of an aluminum sheet of thickness 50 pm, coated on these two opposite faces with a carbon coating of thickness between 1 pm and 2 pm, and comprising particles of carbon black having an average diameter of 160 pm integrated in a polymeric binder.
- Example 1 Production of VACNT mats in a single step by chemical vapor deposition process
- an aluminum substrate with a thickness of 20 pm is continuously fed into a roll-to-roll reactor.
- the reaction chamber is supplied with argon, acetylene, hydrogen, ferrocene and toluene vapors.
- the temperature of the substrate in the reaction chamber is 615°C.
- the pressure in the reaction chamber is atmospheric pressure (plus or minus 15 Pa).
- the speed of movement of the aluminum substrate is adjusted so that the passage time of the substrate in the reaction chamber is equal to 2 min.
- the substrate is covered with a layer of VACNT with a thickness equal to 2 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 Production of VACNT mats in two stages by chemical vapor deposition process
- a 6-inch silicon wafer (p-type, 1-10 Q.cm, Silicon Quest International) was supplied and then cleaned using a standard “piranha” solution comprising one part hydrogen peroxide to three parts of sulfuric acid.
- a patterned 1/10 nm Fe/AhOs catalyst film was then deposited on this cleaned silicon wafer, via electron beam evaporation in a single pump cycle using a coupled Temescal VES-2550 to an FDC-8000 film deposition controller.
- the catalyst pattern was fabricated by peeling off a one- ⁇ m-thick image-inversion photoresist layer (AZ-5214E), which itself was patterned by photolithography. The catalyst was deposited over the entire surface of the silicon wafer.
- the areas where the catalyst was deposited on the photoresist were then removed by soaking in an acetone bath for 5 min, with gentle sonication.
- the catalyst film thickness was measured during deposition using a quartz crystal monitor and was subsequently confirmed by Rutherford backscatter spectrometry (RBS).
- the silicon wafer coated with the Fe/AhCh patterned film was introduced into a single-zone atmospheric pressure quartz tube furnace (Lindberg), having an inner diameter of 22 mm on the 30 cm long heating plate. The oven was then brought to the set temperature of 700°C in 30 minutes and then maintained for an additional 15 minutes under 400 standard cm 3 / minute of Argon.
- the H2 and C2H4 flows were then stopped and a flow of 400 standard cm 3 /min of Argon was maintained for a further 10 minutes to displace the gaseous reactants from the tube furnace, before being reduced to a slight flow during oven cooling to a temperature below 100°C.
- a layer of carbon nanotubes mainly oriented perpendicular to the substrate, i.e. a layer of VACNT, approximately 5 pm thick was obtained.
- SBR styrene
- a current collector according to the invention comprising 4.5 mg of SBR per cm 2
- a toluene solution comprising 100 mg of SBR per mL was prepared, then was pipetted onto a layer of VACNT supported as such. as elaborated in example 1.
- Current collectors according to the invention produced from supported VACNT layers as synthesized in Example 1 and comprising between 0.15 mg of SBR per cm 2 and 4.5 mg of SBR per cm 2 were thus obtained .
- the properties of these current collectors were compared in particular by impedance spectroscopy, to those of supported VACNT layers as developed in Example 1 without polymeric coating, to those of the aluminum substrate and to those of the current collector.
- commercial NPC-055D Korea JCC supplied by the Samwha company.
- the impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out in potentiostatic mode, with a constant voltage fixed at 0.02 V and a frequency sweep between 400 kHz and 100 mHz.
- the Equivalent Series Resistance (commonly abbreviated ESR) was evaluated from measurements carried out using impedance spectroscopy and presented below in Table 1.
- the self-supported electrodes also called “dry” electrodes in English, thus obtained were then assembled, in a glove box, with a substrate serving as a current collector, a separator (Celgard EPP 1208) impregnated with an electrolyte ACN NEt4BF4 1 M (ABCR ) as shown in Figure 5, so as to form a SwagelokTM type supercapacitor cell.
- the SwagelokTM type supercapacitor cell was produced with different substrates, serving as current collectors, namely, an aluminum substrate, a current collector according to the invention as developed in the example 3 comprising on average 0.23 mg SBR / cm 2 , and the aforementioned commercial current collector.
- the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) was evaluated from measurements carried out by impedance spectroscopy and presented below in table 2.
- LiFePC hereinafter LFP (Sigma Aldrich)
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NaP carbon black
- the viscous solution obtained was then deposited by doctor blade coating at a thickness of 100 ⁇ m, on a current collector according to the invention as developed in Example 3 comprising on average 0.23 mg SBR/cm 2 , and for comparison, on an aluminum substrate in order to obtain a cathode layer.
- the impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out in potentiostatic mode, with a constant voltage fixed at 0V and a frequency sweep between 10 kHz and 100 mHz.
- the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) was evaluated from measurements carried out by impedance spectroscopy and presented below in table 3.
- NMC811 A coating of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 hereinafter NMC811 was produced on a substrate which can be used as a current collector.
- NMC811, 3.18 g of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) used as a binder and 1.36 g of carbon black were mixed in 74.1 g of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- This viscous solution was then deposited by doctor blade coating at a thickness of 100 ⁇ m, on a current collector according to the invention as developed in Example 3 comprising on average 0.23 mg SBR / cm 2 , and for comparison, on an aluminum substrate in order to obtain a cathode layer.
- the electrodes produced include 98% by weight of NMC811 as active material, 0.6% by weight of conductive carbon and 1.4% by weight of PVdF.
- the electrodes produced were characterized by power pulse test and ohmic drop measurement under the same operating conditions.
- Example 3 4.5 mg of SBR per cm 2 as developed in Example 3, layers of VACNT as developed in Example 1 without polymeric coating, an aluminum substrate and the NPC-055D Korea JCC commercial current collector ( Samwha), were evaluated by impedance spectroscopy.
- each of these substrates was introduced into an “open” cell device as presented in Figure 7 and assembled with a separator (Celgard 3501) impregnated with an EMITFSI 99.5% ionic liquid (Solvionic) as electrolyte, so as to form a substrate/separator/substrate structure.
- the impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out in potentiostatic mode, with a constant voltage fixed at 0.02 V and a frequency sweep between 400 kHz and 100 mHz.
- the mechanical resistance of the different current collectors according to the invention was evaluated visually, as illustrated in Figure 10, by scratching with a finger (to the left of the samples) and scratching with pliers (to the right of the samples).
- the current collectors according to the invention in particular comprising an SBR/C volume ratio of 49% and 687%, have better mechanical resistance than a supported VACNT layer as developed in Example 1 or that a commercial current collector NPC-055D Korea JCC (Samwha).
- the properties of the current collectors according to the invention are summarized in Table 5 below.
- Example 5 Transfer of vertically aligned nanotubes from their growth substrate to another substrate
- a sample of vertically aligned nanotubes (in the form of a mat with a thickness of approximately 30 ⁇ m) was produced in accordance with Example 1, on a stainless steel substrate instead of an aluminum substrate.
- the sample was then mechanically compressed against a copper current collector (12 ⁇ m thick) without surface coating, using a laboratory, stainless steel roller calender (TOB-JS-300), with a gap of 30 pm and a maximum pressure of 500 N/mm.
- the carbon nanotubes were transferred to the copper current collector: they were in the form of a VACNT mat on a copper substrate.
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
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KR1020257006735A KR20250041174A (ko) | 2022-07-28 | 2023-07-25 | 전력을 저장 또는 생성하기 위한 전기화학 디바이스용 전류 수집기 |
EP23751725.5A EP4562693A1 (fr) | 2022-07-28 | 2023-07-25 | Collecteur de courant pour dispositif electrochimique de stockage ou de generation d'energie electrique |
CN202380057464.3A CN119678273A (zh) | 2022-07-28 | 2023-07-25 | 用于储存或产生电能的电化学装置中的集流体 |
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FR2207767A FR3138447B1 (fr) | 2022-07-28 | 2022-07-28 | Collecteur de courant pour dispositif électrochimique de stockage ou de génération d’énergie électrique |
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EP (1) | EP4562693A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20250041174A (fr) |
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FR (1) | FR3138447B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2024023694A1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090316335A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2009-12-24 | Patrice Simon | Method for the Electrolytic Production of Self-Supporting Conductive Nanocomposite Elements |
US20120121974A1 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-17 | Leyden Energy, Inc. | High performance lithium or lithium ion cell |
EP2500969A1 (fr) | 2009-11-11 | 2012-09-19 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Feuille d'aluminium supportant des particules carbonées diffusées sur elle |
FR2986662A1 (fr) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Ensemble collecteur de courant-electrode a base de silicium |
US8785053B2 (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2014-07-22 | Tsinghua University | Current collector and lithium ion battery |
US20170062870A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-03-02 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Positive electrode for lithium-sulfur electrochemical accumulator having a specific structure |
US20200227212A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2020-07-16 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Method for preparing an electrode comprising a substrate, aligned carbon nanotubes and a metal oxide deposited by reductive deposition, the electrode and uses thereof |
EP3716378A1 (fr) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-09-30 | Armor | Collecteur de courant, ensemble et dispositif de stockage associés |
-
2022
- 2022-07-28 FR FR2207767A patent/FR3138447B1/fr active Active
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2023
- 2023-07-25 KR KR1020257006735A patent/KR20250041174A/ko active Pending
- 2023-07-25 EP EP23751725.5A patent/EP4562693A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-07-25 CN CN202380057464.3A patent/CN119678273A/zh active Pending
- 2023-07-25 WO PCT/IB2023/057526 patent/WO2024023694A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20090316335A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2009-12-24 | Patrice Simon | Method for the Electrolytic Production of Self-Supporting Conductive Nanocomposite Elements |
EP2500969A1 (fr) | 2009-11-11 | 2012-09-19 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Feuille d'aluminium supportant des particules carbonées diffusées sur elle |
US20120121974A1 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-17 | Leyden Energy, Inc. | High performance lithium or lithium ion cell |
US8785053B2 (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2014-07-22 | Tsinghua University | Current collector and lithium ion battery |
FR2986662A1 (fr) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Ensemble collecteur de courant-electrode a base de silicium |
US20170062870A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-03-02 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Positive electrode for lithium-sulfur electrochemical accumulator having a specific structure |
US20200227212A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2020-07-16 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Method for preparing an electrode comprising a substrate, aligned carbon nanotubes and a metal oxide deposited by reductive deposition, the electrode and uses thereof |
EP3716378A1 (fr) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-09-30 | Armor | Collecteur de courant, ensemble et dispositif de stockage associés |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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LARCHER ET AL.: "Le stockage de l'énergie dans le monde des transports", CHIMIE ET TRANSPORTS, EDP SCIENCE, 2014 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3138447B1 (fr) | 2024-07-05 |
KR20250041174A (ko) | 2025-03-25 |
CN119678273A (zh) | 2025-03-21 |
EP4562693A1 (fr) | 2025-06-04 |
FR3138447A1 (fr) | 2024-02-02 |
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