WO2024021061A1 - 极片及其制备方法和相关设备 - Google Patents

极片及其制备方法和相关设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021061A1
WO2024021061A1 PCT/CN2022/109096 CN2022109096W WO2024021061A1 WO 2024021061 A1 WO2024021061 A1 WO 2024021061A1 CN 2022109096 W CN2022109096 W CN 2022109096W WO 2024021061 A1 WO2024021061 A1 WO 2024021061A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulating layer
active material
current collector
pole piece
material layer
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PCT/CN2022/109096
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤振光
杨棚竣
李世松
商红武
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/109096 priority Critical patent/WO2024021061A1/zh
Publication of WO2024021061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024021061A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/38—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a pole piece and its preparation method, electrode assembly, battery cell, battery and electrical equipment.
  • the quality of electrode components is closely related to the capacity and safety performance of the battery.
  • the quality of the pole pieces in the electrode components is particularly important and will directly affect the quality of the electrode components. Therefore, how to improve the quality of pole pieces is an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved in battery technology.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a pole piece and its preparation method, electrode assembly, battery cell, battery and electrical equipment, which can avoid the problem of coating drum caused by the migration of the insulating layer on the current collector to the active material layer. , which is conducive to obtaining pole pieces with higher finished product quality.
  • a pole piece including: a current collector, an insulating layer and an active material layer located on the current collector; the active material layer and the insulating layer are along a first direction of the current collector. It is provided that the edge portion of the active material layer close to the side of the insulating layer covers the first edge area of the insulating layer.
  • the edge portion of the active material layer close to the insulating layer covers the first edge region of the insulating layer. That is to say, the insulating layer is first coated and dried on the current collector, and then the active material layer is formed on the current collector, so that the edge portion of the active material layer covers the first edge region of the insulating layer.
  • This can limit the migration of the liquid insulating layer slurry to the active material layer, effectively avoid the coating drum problem caused by the migration of the insulating layer to the active material layer, and is conducive to improving the efficiency and quality of pole piece processing. Obtain pole pieces with higher finished product quality.
  • the edge portion of the active material layer close to the insulating layer covers the first edge region of the insulating layer, that is, there is no directly exposed current collector between the active material layer and the insulating layer. This helps to avoid wrinkles on the exposed current collector due to stress concentration, thereby piercing the isolation film, which in turn helps improve the safety of the battery.
  • the tab of the current collector is located on a side of the insulating layer away from the active material layer.
  • the insulating layer is located between the tab and the active material layer, which is beneficial to ensuring that the edge of the pole piece has good insulation performance, thereby reducing the risk of battery short circuit and improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the second edge region of the insulating layer covers an end region of the tab close to the side of the active material layer.
  • the second edge area of the insulating layer covers the end area of the tab close to the active material layer, which is conducive to ensuring the insulation of the tab position, thereby helping to ensure that the pole piece is
  • the edge has good insulation properties, which can reduce the risk of battery short circuit and improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer ranges from 1 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer ranges from 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer by reasonably setting the thickness of the insulating layer, it is not only conducive to ensuring that the insulating layer plays the role of insulation protection, but also conducive to making the tabs easier to bend, thereby reducing the space for folding tabs to increase the volume energy of the battery. density.
  • the size of the edge portion ranges from 0 to 5 mm.
  • the size of the edge portion of the active material layer in the first direction to 0 to 5 mm, it is possible to avoid directly exposed current collectors between the active material layer and the insulating layer, and it does not occupy a large space. Many active material areas.
  • the pole piece further includes a conductive layer, the conductive layer is located between the current collector and the active material layer, and the active material layer completely covers the conductive layer.
  • the conductive layer contains a conductive agent and a binder, and has high conductivity and adhesion, which is beneficial to improving the conductive performance of the pole piece and reducing the internal resistance of the battery; and is beneficial to enhancing the active material Adhesion between the layer and the current collector.
  • a gap is provided between the conductive layer and the insulating layer in the first direction.
  • a gap is provided between the conductive layer and the insulating layer, which is helpful to avoid mutual interference between the insulating layer and the conductive layer during the preparation process and ensure that the formed conductive layer and the insulating layer function independently.
  • the size of the gap ranges from 0.1 mm to 4 mm.
  • the size range of the gap is 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
  • the gap size between the conductive layer and the insulating layer by reasonably setting the gap size between the conductive layer and the insulating layer, it is not only helpful to avoid mutual interference between the conductive layer and the insulating layer during the preparation process, but also helps to reduce the gap position due to the lack of the conductive layer. Adverse effects on the internal resistance of the battery and the adhesion between the active material layer and the current collector.
  • the thickness of the conductive layer ranges from 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the conductive layer between 0.5 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m, it is not only beneficial to ensure that the conductive layer plays a role in the pole piece, but also to avoid the energy density of the battery caused by the excessive thickness of the conductive layer. reduce.
  • the insulating layer and the active material layer are sequentially coated and dried on the current collector.
  • an insulating layer is first formed on the current collector by coating and drying, and then an active material layer is formed on the current collector.
  • This can limit the migration of the liquid insulating layer slurry to the active material layer and can effectively avoid
  • the problem of coating drum edges caused by the migration of the insulating layer to the active material layer is beneficial to improving the efficiency and quality of pole piece processing, and is beneficial to obtaining pole pieces with higher finished product quality.
  • the insulating layer is formed by drying and coating on the current collector using a microgravure coating process.
  • the use of microgravure coating is conducive to thinning the thickness of the insulating layer.
  • the surface covering the side of the tab close to the active material layer
  • the thickness of the insulation layer on the end area is reduced, making the tabs softer and easier to bend, which in turn helps reduce the space for folded tabs during the battery packaging process and improves the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • a method for preparing a pole piece which includes: coating an insulating layer slurry on a current collector, and drying to form an insulating layer; coating an active material layer slurry on the current collector, and drying to form an insulating layer.
  • an insulating layer is first formed on the current collector by coating and drying, and then an active material layer is formed on the current collector.
  • This can limit the migration of the liquid insulating layer slurry to the active material layer and can effectively avoid
  • the problem of coating drum edges caused by the migration of the insulating layer to the active material layer is beneficial to improving the efficiency and quality of pole piece processing, and is beneficial to obtaining pole pieces with higher finished product quality.
  • the edge portion of the active material layer close to the insulating layer covers the first edge region of the insulating layer. That is to say, there is no directly exposed current collector between the active material layer and the insulating layer. This helps to avoid wrinkles on the exposed current collector due to stress concentration, thereby piercing the isolation film, which in turn helps improve the safety of the battery.
  • the method further includes: processing the current collector located on a side of the insulating layer away from the active material layer in the first direction to form a pole. Ear.
  • the second edge region of the insulating layer covers an end region of the tab close to the side of the active material layer.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer ranges from 1 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer ranges from 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the size of the edge portion ranges from 0 to 5 mm.
  • the method before coating the active material layer slurry on the current collector, the method further includes: coating a conductive layer slurry on the current collector, and drying to form a conductive layer. ; Wherein, the active material layer completely covers the conductive layer.
  • a gap is provided between the conductive layer and the insulating layer in the first direction.
  • the size of the gap ranges from 0.1 mm to 4 mm.
  • the size range of the gap is 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
  • the thickness of the conductive layer ranges from 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
  • coating the insulating layer slurry on the current collector and drying to form an insulating layer includes: applying the insulating layer slurry on the current collector using a microgravure coating process , the insulating layer is formed after drying.
  • the use of microgravure coating is conducive to thinning the thickness of the insulating layer.
  • the surface covering the side of the tab close to the active material layer
  • the thickness of the insulation layer on the end area is reduced, making the tabs softer and easier to bend, which in turn helps reduce the space for folded tabs during the battery packaging process and improves the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • an electrode assembly including: the pole piece in the above-mentioned second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
  • a battery cell including: the electrode assembly in the above third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect; a housing having an opening for accommodating the electrode assembly; and an end cover. , used to close the opening.
  • a battery including: the battery cell in the above fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.
  • an electrical device including: the battery in the above fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole piece according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole piece according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a pole piece according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • connection can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connection, or integral connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction between two elements.
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection, or integral connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium
  • it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction between two elements.
  • the battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator.
  • insulating materials are often coated on the edges of the positive electrode or negative electrode to form an insulating layer.
  • the commonly used electrode plate preparation methods are mainly: using the die extrusion coating process, the liquid active material layer slurry and the insulating layer slurry are separately extruded through the extrusion die and coated on the current collector. , then dry the current collector coated with the slurry, heat to evaporate to remove the solvent, and finally roll the dried current collector to form an active material layer and an insulating layer on the current collector to prepare a positive electrode plate or Negative pole piece.
  • the active material layer slurry and the insulating layer slurry use different materials, so there is a gradient difference in the surface tension between the two.
  • the difference in drying rate makes the tension gradient difference more significant. This This causes the insulating layer slurry to easily migrate to the active material layer slurry, causing coating rims, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency and quality of the pole piece processing, making the finished pole piece of poor quality.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a pole piece.
  • the edge portion of the active material layer close to the insulating layer covers the first edge region of the insulating layer. That is to say, the insulating layer is first coated and dried on the current collector, and then the active material layer is formed on the current collector, so that the edge portion of the active material layer covers the first edge region of the insulating layer.
  • This can limit the migration of the liquid insulating layer slurry to the active material layer, effectively avoid the coating drum problem caused by the migration of the insulating layer to the active material layer, and is conducive to improving the efficiency and quality of pole piece processing. Obtain pole pieces with higher finished product quality.
  • the edge portion of the active material layer close to the insulating layer covers the first edge region of the insulating layer. That is to say, there is no directly exposed current collector between the active material layer and the insulating layer. This helps to avoid wrinkles on the exposed current collector due to stress inoculation, thereby piercing the isolation film, which in turn helps improve the safety of the battery.
  • the pole piece described in the embodiment of this application may be a positive pole piece or a negative pole piece.
  • the pole pieces described in the embodiments of this application are suitable for electrode assemblies, battery cells, batteries, and electrical equipment using batteries.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 11 and a motor 12.
  • the controller 11 is used to control the battery 2 to provide power to the motor 12, for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 when driving.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1, but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery 2 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a box 20 and a battery cell 3 .
  • the battery cell 3 is accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the box 20 is used to accommodate the battery cells 3 .
  • the box 20 can be of various structures.
  • the box body 20 may include a first box body part 201 and a second box body part 202.
  • the first box body part 201 and the second box body part 202 cover each other.
  • the first box body part 201 and the second box body part 202 cover each other.
  • the two box parts 202 jointly define an accommodation space 203 for accommodating the battery cells 3 .
  • the second box part 202 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 201 is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 201 covers the open side of the second box part 202 to form a receiving space 203
  • the box 20; the first box part 201 and the second box part 202 can also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the open side of the first box part 201 is covered with the open side of the second box part 202 , to form the box 20 with the accommodation space 203 .
  • the first box part 201 and the second box part 202 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box part 201 and the second box part 202, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 201 can also be called an upper box cover, and the second box part 202 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 has a plurality of battery cells 3 .
  • Multiple battery cells 3 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells 3 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • Multiple battery cells 3 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells 3 can be accommodated in the box 20 ; of course, multiple battery cells 3 can also be connected in series first. They may be connected in parallel or mixed to form a battery module (not shown in the figure), and multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and be accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 3 in the battery module can be electrically connected through bus components to achieve parallel, series or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 3 in the battery module.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 3 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 3 includes one or more electrode assemblies 31 , a casing 321 and an end cap 322 .
  • Housing 321 and end cap 322 form housing or battery case 32 .
  • the wall of the casing 321 and the end cover 322 are both called the wall of the battery cell 3.
  • the wall of the casing 321 includes a bottom wall and four side walls.
  • the housing 321 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 31.
  • the housing 321 can be a hollow rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or a cylinder, and one surface of the housing 321 has an opening to accommodate one or more electrodes.
  • Component 31 may be placed within housing 321.
  • the housing 321 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped or a cube
  • one of the planes of the housing 321 is an opening surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 321 are connected.
  • the housing 321 can be a hollow cylinder
  • the end surface of the housing 321 is an open surface, that is, the end surface does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 321 are connected.
  • the end cap 322 covers the opening and is connected with the housing 321 to form a closed cavity in which the electrode assembly 31 is placed.
  • the housing 321 is filled with electrolyte, such as electrolytic solution.
  • the battery cell 3 may also include two electrode terminals 33 , and the two electrode terminals 33 may be provided on the end cap 322 .
  • the end cap 322 is usually in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 33 are fixed on the flat surface of the end cap 322.
  • the two electrode terminals 33 are respectively a positive electrode terminal 331 and a negative electrode terminal 332.
  • Each electrode terminal 33 is provided with a corresponding connecting member 34 , which may also be called a current collecting member 34 . It is located between the end cover 322 and the electrode assembly 31 and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 31 and the electrode terminal 33 .
  • the electrode assembly 31 can be provided as a single or multiple electrode assemblies 31 according to actual usage requirements. As shown in FIG. 3, the battery cell 3 is provided with four independent electrode assemblies 31.
  • the battery cell 3 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism 35 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 35 is used to be activated when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 3 reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the pole piece 311 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of the pole piece 311 in FIG. 4 .
  • the pole piece 311 may include a current collector 36 , an insulating layer 37 and an active material layer 38 located on the current collector 36 .
  • the active material layer 38 and the insulating layer 37 are arranged along the first direction X of the current collector 36 , and the edge portion 381 of the active material layer 38 close to the insulating layer 37 covers the first edge region 371 of the insulating layer 37 .
  • the current collector 36 refers to a component that collects current.
  • battery 2 it mainly refers to metal foil, such as copper foil, aluminum foil, etc.
  • the function of the current collector 36 is to collect the current newly generated by the active material in the battery 2 so as to form a larger current for external output. Therefore, a metal material whose internal resistance should be as small as possible is generally used.
  • the active material layer 38 refers to a material in the battery 2 that can participate in the flow reaction.
  • the flow reaction is the oxidation and reduction reaction.
  • the oxidation reaction refers to the chemical reaction of losing electrons;
  • the reduction reaction refers to the chemical reaction of gaining electrons.
  • the active material layer 38 participates in a flow reaction, that is, when the active material on one electrode loses electrons, the active material on the other electrode gains electrons at the same time. During the process of losing and gaining electrons, electrons flow, that is, electric current.
  • the insulating layer 37 refers to an insulating material, such as alumina, liquid ceramic, etc.
  • the edge portion 381 of the active material layer 38 on the current collector 36 close to the insulating layer 37 covers the first edge region 371 of the insulating layer 37 . That is to say, the insulating layer 37 is first formed by coating and drying on the current collector 36 , and then the active material layer 38 is formed on the current collector 36 , so that the active material layer 38 covers the first edge region 371 of the insulating layer 37 .
  • This can limit the migration of the liquid insulating layer slurry to the active material layer 38, effectively avoid the coating rim problem caused by the migration of the insulating layer 37 to the active material layer 38, and help improve the processing efficiency of the pole piece 311. quality, which is conducive to obtaining pole pieces 311 with higher finished product quality.
  • edge portion 381 of the active material layer 38 close to the insulating layer 37 covers the first edge region 371 of the insulating layer 37 , that is, there is no directly exposed current collector 36 between the active material layer 38 and the insulating layer 37 . This is helpful to avoid the occurrence of wrinkles on the exposed current collector 36 due to stress concentration, thereby piercing the isolation film, thereby improving the safety of the battery 2 .
  • the tab 361 of the current collector 36 is located on a side of the insulating layer 37 away from the active material layer 38 .
  • the insulating layer 37 is located between the tab 361 and the active material layer 38 , which is beneficial to ensuring that the edge of the pole piece 311 has good insulation performance, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery 2 and improving the safety performance of the battery 2 .
  • the second edge region 372 of the insulating layer 37 may cover the root region 3611 of the tab 361 close to the active material layer 38 side.
  • the second edge region 372 of the insulating layer 37 covers the end region 3611 of the tab 361 close to the active material layer 38, which is beneficial to ensuring the insulation of the tab 361, so that after the pole piece 311 is packaged, It is beneficial to ensure that the edge of the pole piece 311 has good insulation performance, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery 2 and improving the safety performance of the battery 2.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer 37 ranges from 1 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, for example, it may be 1 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 13 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m or 25 ⁇ m, which is not limited in this application.
  • the thickness range of the insulating layer 3 is preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, for example, it may be 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m, which is not limited in this application.
  • the second edge area 372 of the insulating layer 37 covers the root area 3611 of the tab 361, the smaller the thickness of the insulating layer 37, the more conducive it is to the soft state of the tab 361, making the tab 361 more flexible. It is easy to bend, which can reduce the space for folding tabs.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer 37 is too small, for example, when the thickness of the insulating layer 37 is less than 1 ⁇ m, the insulating layer 37 may not be able to provide insulation protection.
  • the energy density of the battery 2 refers to the ratio of the energy that can be charged to the mass or volume of the energy storage medium for a given electrochemical energy storage device.
  • the ratio of the energy that can be charged to the mass of the energy storage cut-off is the mass energy density, the unit is W ⁇ h/kg; the ratio of the energy that can be charged to the volume of the energy storage medium is the volume energy density, the unit is W ⁇ hour/liter, the energy storage medium is the active substance.
  • the edge portion 381 of the active material layer 38 close to the insulating layer 37 covers the first edge region 371 of the insulating layer 37 , mainly to ensure that there is no direct exposure between the active material layer 38 and the insulating layer 37 current collector 36 to avoid being subjected to stress concentration and causing wrinkles at the exposed current collector 36, thereby piercing the isolation film.
  • the edge portion 381 covers the first edge region 371 of the insulating layer 37 , the active material in this region cannot be utilized, resulting in a decrease in the energy density of the battery 2 .
  • the size of the edge portion 381 of the active material layer 38 in the first direction X to 0 to 5 mm, it can be ensured that there is no directly exposed current collector 36 between the active material layer 38 and the insulating layer 37 , and does not occupy a large area of active material, which is conducive to avoiding the energy density of the battery 2 caused by the unusable active material.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the pole piece 311 according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the pole piece 311 may also include a conductive layer 39 .
  • the conductive layer 39 may be located between the current collector 36 and the active material layer 38 , and the active material layer 38 completely covers the conductive layer 39 .
  • the conductive layer 39 contains conductive agent and adhesive, and therefore has high conductivity and adhesiveness, which is beneficial to improving the conductive performance of the pole piece 311 and reducing the internal resistance of the battery 2.
  • the adhesion between the active material layer 38 and the current collector 36 can be enhanced.
  • a gap is provided between the conductive layer 39 and the insulating layer 37 in the first direction X.
  • a gap is provided between the conductive layer 39 and the insulating layer 37, which is helpful to avoid mutual interference between the insulating layer 37 and the conductive layer 39 during the preparation process, so as to ensure that the formed conductive layer 39 and the insulating layer 37 function independently.
  • the size range of the gap between the conductive layer 39 and the insulating layer 37 is preferably 0.5 mm to 1 mm, for example, it may be 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.9 mm or 1 mm, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • the gap between the conductive layer 39 and the insulating layer 37 is too small, it is not conducive to avoid mutual interference between the insulating layer 37 and the conductive layer 39 during the preparation process.
  • the gap between the conductive layer 39 and the insulating layer 37 is too large, since the gap between the conductive layer 39 and the insulating layer 37 is directly exposed current collector 36 , this partially exposed current collector 36 is directly covered by the active material layer 38 , the conductive layer 39 is missing, which will have a negative impact on the internal resistance of the battery 2 and the adhesion between the active material layer 38 and the current collector 36 .
  • the thickness of the conductive layer 39 ranges from 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, for example, it may be 0.5 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m or 2 ⁇ m, which is not limited in this application.
  • the thickness of the conductive layer 39 when the thickness of the conductive layer 39 is too small, it is not conducive to the function of the conductive layer 39 .
  • the thickness of the conductive layer 39 is too large, the overall thickness of the active material layer 38 will be reduced, thereby reducing the energy density of the battery 2 .
  • the thickness of the conductive layer 39 is 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, it is beneficial to ensure that the conductive layer 39 functions in the pole piece 311 without reducing the energy density of the battery 2 .
  • the pole piece 311 provided by the embodiment of the present application is described above.
  • the method for preparing the pole piece 311 provided by the embodiment of the present application is described below.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic flow chart of a method 700 for preparing the pole piece 311 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 7, method 700 includes:
  • the active material layer 38 and the insulating layer 37 are arranged along the first direction X of the current collector 36 , and the edge portion 381 of the active material layer 38 close to the insulating layer 37 covers the first edge region 371 of the insulating layer 37 .
  • the insulating layer 37 is first formed on the current collector 36 by coating and drying, and then the active material layer 38 is formed on the current collector 36.
  • This can limit the migration of the liquid insulating layer slurry to the active material layer 38, and can This effectively avoids the coating rim problem caused by the migration of the insulating layer 37 to the active material layer 38 , which is beneficial to improving the efficiency and quality of the pole piece 311 processing, and is beneficial to obtaining the pole piece 311 with higher finished product quality.
  • the edge portion 381 of the active material layer 38 close to the insulating layer 37 covers the first edge region 371 of the insulating layer 37 , that is, there is no directly exposed current collector 36 between the active material layer 38 and the insulating layer 37 . This is helpful to avoid the occurrence of wrinkles on the exposed current collector 36 due to stress concentration, thereby piercing the isolation film, thereby improving the safety of the battery 2 .
  • the insulating layer 37 can be coated and formed by processes such as die extrusion coating, microgravure coating, or gravure coating, which is not limited in this application.
  • step S710 may specifically include: applying a liquid insulating layer slurry on the current collector 36 using a microgravure coating process, and then drying to form the insulating layer 37 .
  • the use of microgravure coating is conducive to thinning the thickness of the insulating layer 37.
  • the side of the tab 361 close to the active material layer 38 is covered.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer 37 on the end region 3611 is reduced, making the tab 361 softer and easier to bend, which in turn helps reduce the space for folded tabs and improves the volumetric energy density of the battery 2 during the packaging process of the battery 2 .
  • the method 700 further includes: processing the current collector 36 located on a side of the insulating layer 37 away from the active material layer 38 in the first direction X to form the tab 361 .
  • the current collector 36 can be cut by laser cutting or mechanical cutting, and the current collector 36 except the tab 361 can be cut off to form the tab 361 .
  • the second edge region 372 of the insulating layer 37 may cover the end region 3611 of the tab 361 close to the active material layer 38 side.
  • the method 700 further includes: coating the conductive layer slurry on the current collector 36, and drying to form the conductive layer 39.
  • the active material layer 38 completely covers the conductive layer 39 .
  • the conductive layer slurry and the insulating layer slurry can be coated on the current collector 36 at the same time according to preset sizes and positions, and the conductive layer 39 and the insulating layer 37 are formed after drying.
  • the conductive layer slurry may be coated on the current collector 36 first to form the conductive layer 39, and then the insulating layer slurry may be coated on the current collector 36 to form the insulating layer 36.
  • the insulating layer slurry may be coated on the current collector 36 first to form the insulating layer 37 , and then the conductive layer slurry may be coated to form the conductive layer 39 .
  • the conductive layer 39 and the insulating layer 37 can use the same coating process or different coating processes, which is not limited in this application.
  • the conductive layer 39 can be formed, for example, by applying a conductive layer slurry on the current collector 36 using a microgravure coating process or a gravure coating process.
  • a gap is provided between the insulating layer 37 and the conductive layer 39 in the first direction interference between them.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electrode assembly 31, including the pole piece 311 in the previous embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery cell 3, which includes the battery assembly 31 in the previous embodiment; a housing 321 with an opening for accommodating the electrode assembly 31; and an end cover 322 for closing the opening.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 2, including the battery cell 3 in the previous embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery 2 in the previous embodiment, and the battery 2 is used to provide electric energy.

Abstract

极片(311)包括集流体(36)以及在集流体(36)上沿第一方向设置的绝缘层(37)和活性物质层(38)，且绝缘层(37)先在集流体(36)上形成，然后活性物质层(38)在集流体(36)上形成，使得活性物质层(38)的靠近绝缘层(37)一侧的边缘部分(381)覆盖绝缘层(37)的第一边缘区域(371)，进而有效避免由于绝缘层(37)向活性物质层(38)迁移所造成的涂布鼓边的问题发生，有利于提高极片(311)加工的效率和质量，从而获得具有较高成品质量的极片(311)。

Description

极片及其制备方法和相关设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种极片及其制备方法、电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，电极组件的质量与电池的容量及安全性能密切相关，其中，电极组件中的极片的质量尤为重要，会直接影响电极组件的质量。因此，如何提高极片的质量，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种极片及其制备方法、电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电设备，能够避免集流体上的绝缘层向活性物质层迁移所造成的涂布鼓边的问题发生，有利于获得具有较高成品质量的极片。
第一方面，提供了一种极片，包括：集流体、以及位于所述集流体上的绝缘层和活性物质层；所述活性物质层和所述绝缘层沿所述集流体的第一方向设置，所述活性物质层的靠近所述绝缘层一侧的边缘部分覆盖所述绝缘层的第一边缘区域。
本申请实施例中，在集流体上，活性物质层的靠近绝缘层一侧 的边缘部分覆盖绝缘层的第一边缘区域。也就是说，绝缘层先在集流体上经涂覆和干燥形成，然后再在集流体上形成活性物质层，从而使得活性物质层的边缘部分覆盖绝缘层的第一边缘区域。这可以限制液态的绝缘层浆料向活性物质层迁移，能够有效避免由于绝缘层向活性物质层迁移所造成的涂布鼓边的问题发生，有利于提高极片加工的效率和质量，有利于获得具有较高成品质量的极片。此外，活性物质层靠近绝缘层一侧的边缘部分覆盖绝缘层的第一边缘区域，即，活性物质层和绝缘层之间不存在直接裸露的集流体。这有利于避免因受应力集中作用，在裸露的集流体处产生褶皱，从而刺穿隔离膜的现象发生，进而有利于提升电池的安全性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一方向，所述集流体的极耳位于所述绝缘层的远离所述活性物质层的一侧。
本申请实施例中，绝缘层位于极耳和活性物质层之间，有利于保证极片边缘具有良好的绝缘性能，进而能够降低电池短路风险，提高电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘层的第二边缘区域覆盖所述极耳的靠近所述活性物质层一侧的端部区域。
本申请实施例中，绝缘层的第二边缘区域覆盖极耳的靠近活性物质层一侧的端部区域，有利于保证极耳位置的绝缘性，从而在极片封装之后，有利于保证极片的边缘具有良好的绝缘性能，进而能够降低电池短路风险，提高电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘层的厚度范围为1μm～25μm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘层的厚度范围为2μm～10μm。
本申请实施例中，通过合理设置绝缘层厚度，既有利于确保绝 缘层起到绝缘保护的作用，也有利于使极耳更容易弯折，进而降低折极耳空间，以提高电池的体积能量密度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一方向上，所述边缘部分的尺寸范围为0～5mm。
本申请实施例中，通过将活性物质层的边缘部分在第一方向上的尺寸设置在0～5mm，既能够使活性物质层和绝缘层之间不存在直接裸露的集流体，又不占用较多的活性物质区域。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述极片还包括导电层，所述导电层位于所述集流体和所述活性物质层之间，且所述活性物质层完全覆盖所述导电层。
本申请实施例中，导电层含有导电剂和粘结剂，具有较高的导电性和粘接性，这既有利于提高极片的导电性能，降低电池内阻；又有利于能够增强活性物质层和集流体之间的粘附力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一方向上，所述导电层和所述绝缘层之间设有间隙。
本申请实施例中，导电层和绝缘层之间设有间隙，有利于避免绝缘层和导电层在制备过程中的相互干涉，以确保形成的导电层和绝缘层各自发挥作用。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一方向上，所述间隙的尺寸范围为0.1mm～4mm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一方向上，所述间隙的尺寸范围为0.5mm～1mm。
在本申请实施例中，通过合理设置导电层和绝缘层之间的间隙尺寸，既有利于避免导电层和绝缘层在制备过程中的相互干涉，又有利于减小间隙位置由于缺少导电层而对电池内阻以及活性物质层和集流体之间 的粘附力所产生的不利影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述导电层的厚度范围为0.5μm～2μm。
在本申请实施例中，通过将导电层的厚度设置在0.5μm～2μm，既有利于确保导电层在极片中发挥作用，也有利于避免由于导电层厚度过大所导致的电池的能量密度降低。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘层和所述活性物质层依次在所述集流体上经涂覆和干燥形成的。
在本申请实施例中，先在集流体上经涂覆和干燥形成绝缘层，然后再在集流体上形成活性物质层，这可以限制液态的绝缘层浆料向活性物质层迁移，能够有效避免由于绝缘层向活性物质层迁移所造成的涂布鼓边的问题发生，有利于提高极片加工的效率和质量，有利于获得具有较高成品质量的极片。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘层是采用微凹版涂布工艺在所述集流体上经干燥和涂覆形成的。
在本申请实施例中，相比于常用的摸头挤出涂布工艺，采用微凹版涂布有利于对绝缘层的厚度减薄，这样一来，覆盖在极耳的靠近活性物质层一侧的端部区域上的绝缘层厚度减小，使得极耳变得柔软，更容易弯折，进而在电池封装过程中，有利于降低折极耳空间，提高电池的体积能量密度。
第二方面，提供了一种极片的制备方法，包括：在集流体上涂覆绝缘层浆料，干燥后形成绝缘层；在所述集流体上涂覆活性物质层浆料，干燥后形成活性物质层，以制得所述极片；其中，所述活性物质层和所述绝缘层沿所述集流体的第一方向设置，所述活性物质层的靠近所述绝缘层一侧的边缘部分覆盖所述绝缘层的第一边缘区域。
在本申请实施例中，先在集流体上经涂覆和干燥形成绝缘层，然后再在集流体上形成活性物质层，这可以限制液态的绝缘层浆料向活性物质层迁移，能够有效避免由于绝缘层向活性物质层迁移所造成的涂布鼓边的问题发生，有利于提高极片加工的效率和质量，有利于获得具有较高成品质量的极片。此外，活性物质层靠近绝缘层一侧的边缘部分覆盖绝缘层的第一边缘区域，也就是说，活性物质层和绝缘层之间不存在直接裸露的集流体。这有利于避免因受应力集中作用，在裸露的集流体处产生褶皱，从而刺穿隔离膜的现象发生，进而有利于提升电池的安全性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：在所述第一方向上，对位于所述绝缘层的远离所述活性物质层的一侧的所述集流体进行处理，以形成极耳。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘层的第二边缘区域覆盖所述极耳的靠近所述活性物质层一侧的端部区域。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘层的厚度范围为1μm～25μm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘层的厚度范围为2μm～10μm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一方向上，所述边缘部分的尺寸范围为0～5mm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述集流体上涂覆活性物质层浆料之前，所述方法还包括：在所述集流体上涂覆导电层浆料，干燥后形成导电层；其中，所述活性物质层完全覆盖所述导电层。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一方向上，所述导电层和所述绝缘层之间设有间隙。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一方向上，所述间隙的尺 寸范围为0.1mm～4mm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一方向上，所述间隙的尺寸范围为0.5mm～1mm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述导电层的厚度范围为0.5μm～2μm。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在集流体上涂覆绝缘层浆料，干燥后形成绝缘层，包括：采用微凹版涂布工艺在所述集流体上涂覆所述绝缘层浆料，干燥后形成所述绝缘层。
在本申请实施例中，相比于常用的摸头挤出涂布工艺，采用微凹版涂布有利于对绝缘层的厚度减薄，这样一来，覆盖在极耳的靠近活性物质层一侧的端部区域上的绝缘层厚度减小，使得极耳变得柔软，更容易弯折，进而在电池封装过程中，有利于降低折极耳空间，提高电池的体积能量密度。
第三方面，提供了一种电极组件，包括：上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的极片。
第四方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：上述第三方面或第三方面的任意可能的实现方式中的电极组件；壳体，具有开口，用于容纳所述电极组件；以及端盖，用于封闭所述开口。
第五方面，提供了一种电池，包括：上述第四方面或第四方面的任意可能的实现方式中的电池单体。
第六方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括：上述第五方面或第五方面的任意可能的实现方式中的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
其中，第二方面至第六方面的有益效果，请参见上述第一方面的有益效果，在此不重复赘述。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例的电池单体的示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例的极片的结构示意图；
图5是图4的俯视图；
图6是本申请另一实施例的极片的结构示意图；
图7是本申请一实施例的极片的制备方法的流程示意图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的 技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其他实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其他实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，属于“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对 此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。目前，为了防止正负极之间发生短路，提高电池的安全性，往往会在正极极片或者负极极片的边缘涂布绝缘材料以形成绝缘层。现有电池中，常用的极片的制备方法主要是：采用摸头挤出涂布工艺，将液态的活性物质层浆料和绝缘层浆料通过挤压摸头分别挤出并涂布在集流体上，然后对涂布有浆料的集流体进行干燥，加热挥发除去溶剂，最后对干燥后的集流体进行辊压，从而在集流体上形成活性物质层和绝缘层，以制得正极极片或负极极片。
然而，在上述制备加工过程中，活性物质层浆料和绝缘层浆料由于各自所使用的材料不同，两者的表面张力存在梯度差，加之干燥速率的不同，使得张力梯度差更加显著，这就导致绝缘层浆料容易向活性物质层浆料迁移，造成涂布鼓边，从而导致极片加工的效率和质量下降，使得极片的成品质量较差。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种极片。该极片结构中，在集流体上，活性物质层的靠近绝缘层一侧的边缘部分覆盖绝缘层的第一边缘区域。也就是说，绝缘层先在集流体上经涂覆和干燥形成，然后再在集流体上形成活性物质层，从而使得活性物质层的边缘部分覆盖绝缘层的第一边缘区域。这可以限制液态的绝缘层浆料向活性物质层迁移，能够有效避免 由于绝缘层向活性物质层迁移所造成的涂布鼓边的问题发生，有利于提高极片加工的效率和质量，有利于获得具有较高成品质量的极片。此外，活性物质层靠近绝缘层一侧的边缘部分覆盖绝缘层的第一边缘区域，也就是说，活性物质层和绝缘层之间不存在直接裸露的集流体。这有利于避免因受应力接种，在裸露的集流体处产生褶皱，从而刺穿隔离膜的现象发生，进而有利于提升电池的安全性。
本申请实施例描述的极片可以为正极极片，也可以为负极极片。本申请实施例描述的极片适用于电极组件、电池单体、电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器11和马达12，控制器11用来控制电池2为马达12供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需 求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电池2的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括箱体20，电池单体3，电池单体3容纳于箱体20内。
箱体20用于容纳电池单体3。箱体20可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202，第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202相互盖合，第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202共同限定出用于容纳电池单体3的容纳空间203。第二箱体部202可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部201为板状结构，第一箱体部201盖合于第二箱体部202的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间203的箱体20；第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部201的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部202的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间203的箱体20。当然，第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202连接后的密封性，第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部201盖合于第二箱体部202的顶部，第一箱体部201亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部202亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体3为多个。多个电池单体3之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体3中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体3之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体3构成的整体容纳于箱体20内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体3先串联或并联或混联 组成电池模块(图中未示出)，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。电池模块中的多个电池单体3之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块中的多个电池单体3的并联或串联或混联。
如图3所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体3的结构示意图，电池单体3包括一个或多个电极组件31、壳体321和端盖322。壳体321和端盖322形成外壳或电池盒32。壳体321的壁以及端盖322均称为电池单体3的壁，其中对于长方体型电池单体3，壳体321的壁包括底壁和四个侧壁。壳体321根据一个或多个电极组件31组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体321可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体321的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件31可以放置于壳体321内。例如，当壳体321为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体321的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体321内外相通。当壳体321可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体321的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体321内外相通。端盖322覆盖开口并且与壳体321连接，以形成放置电极组件31的封闭的腔体。壳体321内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体3还可以包括两个电极端子33，两个电极端子33可以设置在端盖322上。端盖322通常是平板形状，两个电极端子33固定在端盖322的平板面上，两个电极端子33分别为正电极端子331和负电极端子332。每个电极端子33各对应设置一个连接构件34，或者也可以称为集流构件34，其位于端盖322与电极组件31之间，用于将电极组件31和电极端子33实现电连接。
在该电池单体3中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件31可设置为单个，或多个，如图3所示，电池单体3内设置有4个独立的电极组件31。
电池单体3上还可设置泄压机构35。泄压机构35用于电池单体 3的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
图4为本申请一实施例的极片311的结构示意图。图5为图4中的极片311的俯视图。
一并参阅图4和图5，极片311可以包括集流体36、以及位于集流体36上的绝缘层37和活性物质层38。其中，活性物质层38和绝缘层37沿集流体36的第一方向X设置，活性物质层38的靠近绝缘层37一侧的边缘部分381覆盖绝缘层37的第一边缘区域371。
本申请实施例中，集流体36是指汇集电流的部件。在电池2中，主要是指金属箔，如铜箔、铝箔等。集流体36的功能是将电池2中的活性物质新产生的电流汇集起来以便形成较大的电流对外输出，因此一般采用内阻应尽可能小的金属材料。
本申请实施例中，活性物质层38是指电池2中，能够参与成流反应的物质。成流反应就是氧化和还原反应，氧化反应是指失去电子的化学反应；还原反应是指得到电子的化学反应。活性物质层38参与成流反应，即一个电极上的活性物质失去电子的同时，另一个电极上的活性物质同时得到电子，在电子的失去和得到过程中，电子产生流动，也就是电流。
在本申请实施例中，绝缘层37是指绝缘材料，例如氧化铝、液态陶瓷等。
上述方案中，在集流体36上的活性物质层38的靠近绝缘层37一侧的边缘部分381覆盖绝缘层37的第一边缘区域371。也就是说，绝缘层37先在集流体36上经涂覆和干燥形成，然后再在集流体36上形成活性物质层38，从而使得活性物质层38覆盖绝缘层37的第一边缘区域371。这可以限制液态的绝缘层浆料向活性物质层38迁移，能够有效避免由于绝缘层37向活性物质层38迁移所造成的涂布鼓边的问题发生，有利于提高极片311加工的效率和质量，有利于获得具有较高成品质量的极片311。此 外，活性物质层38靠近绝缘层37一侧的边缘部分381覆盖绝缘层37的第一边缘区域371，即，活性物质层38和绝缘层37之间不存在直接裸露的集流体36。这有利于避免因受应力集中作用，在裸露的集流体36处产生褶皱，从而刺穿隔离膜的现象发生，进而有利于提升电池2的安全性。
可选地，在第一方向X上，集流体36的极耳361位于绝缘层37的远离活性物质层38的一侧。
上述方案中，绝缘层37位于极耳361和活性物质层38之间，有利于保证极片311边缘具有良好的绝缘性能，进而能够降低电池2短路风险，提高电池2的安全性能。
可选地，绝缘层37的第二边缘区域372可以覆盖极耳361的靠近活性物质层38一侧的根部区域3611。
上述方案中，绝缘层37的第二边缘区域372覆盖极耳361的靠近活性物质层38一侧的端部区域3611，有利于保证极耳361位置的绝缘性，从而在极片311封装之后，有利于保证极片311的边缘具有良好的绝缘性能，进而能够降低电池2短路风险，提高电池2的安全性能。
可选地，绝缘层37的厚度范围为1μm～25μm，例如可以是1μm、4μm、7μm、10μm、13μm、20μm或25μm等，本申请对此不作限制。
进一步地，绝缘层3的厚度范围优选为2μm～10μm，例如可以是2μm、4μm、6μm、8μm或10μm等，本申请对此不作限制。
本申请实施例中，由于绝缘层37的第二边缘区域372覆盖极耳361的根部区域3611，因此绝缘层37的厚度越小，越有利于极耳361呈现柔软的状态，使得极耳361更容易弯折，进而可以降低折极耳空间。但当绝缘层37的厚度过小时，例如当绝缘层37厚度小于1μm时，绝缘层37可能无法起到绝缘保护的作用。
上述方案中，通过合理设置绝缘层37厚度，既有利于确保绝缘 层37起到绝缘保护的作用，也有利于使极耳361更容易弯折，进而降低折极耳空间，以提高电池2的体积能量密度。
应理解，本申请实施例中，电池2的能量密度是指对于给定的电化学储能装置，所能充入的能量与储能介质的质量或体积之比。所能充入的能量与储能截止的质量的比为质量能量密度，单位为瓦·时/千克；所能充入的能量与储能介质的体积的比为体积能量密度，单位为瓦·时/升，储能介质即活性物质。
可选地，在第一方向X上，边缘部分381的尺寸范围为0～5mm，例如可以是0、1cm、1.5cm、2cm、3cm、3.5cm或4cm等，本申请对此不作限制。
本申请实施例中，活性物质层38的靠近绝缘层37一侧的边缘部分381覆盖绝缘层37的第一边缘区域371，主要是为了确保活性物质层38和绝缘层37之间不存在直接裸露的集流体36，以避免受应力集中作用，在裸露的集流体36处产生褶皱，从而刺穿隔离膜的现象发生。但同时，边缘部分381由于覆盖绝缘层37的第一边缘区域371，造成该区域的活性物质无法利用，导致电池2的能量密度下降。
上述技术方案中，通过将活性物质层38的边缘部分381在第一方向X上的尺寸设置在0～5mm，既可以保证活性物质层38和绝缘层37之间不存在直接裸露的集流体36，又不占用较多的活性物质区域，有利于避免由于活性物质无法使用所造成的电池2的能量密度。
图6为本申请另一实施例的极片311的结构示意图。
如图6所示，可选地，极片311还可以包括导电层39。其中，导电层39可以位于集流体36和活性物质层38之间，且活性物质层38完全覆盖导电层39。
在上述方案中，导电层39中含有导电剂和粘结剂，因而具有较 高的导电性和粘接性，这既有利于提高极片311的导电性能，降低电池2内阻，又有利于能够增强活性物质层38和集流体36之间的粘附力。
可选地，在第一方向X上，导电层39和绝缘层37之间设有间隙。
上述方案中，导电层39和绝缘层37之间设有间隙，有利于避免绝缘层37和导电层39在制备过程中的相互干涉，以确保形成的导电层39和绝缘层37各自发挥作用。
可选地，在第一方向X上，导电层39和绝缘层37之间的间隙的尺寸范围为0.1mm～4mm，例如可以是0.1mm、0.5mm、1mm、1.5mm、2mm、3mm或4mm等，本申请对此不作限制。
进一步地，导电层39和绝缘层37之间的间隙的尺寸范围优选为0.5mm～1mm，例如可以是0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.9mm或1mm等，本申请对此不作限制。
当导电层39和绝缘层37之间的间隙过小时，不利于避免绝缘层37和导电层39在制备过程中的相互干涉。当导电层39和绝缘层37之间的间隙过大时，由于导电层39和绝缘层37之间的间隙为直接裸露的集流体36，该部分裸露的集流体36直接被活性物质层38覆盖，缺少导电层39，因而对电池2的内阻以及活性物质层38和集流体36之间的粘附力都会产生不利的影响。
上述方案中，通过合理设置导电层39和绝缘层37之间的间隙尺寸，既有利于避免导电层39和绝缘层37在制备过程中的相互干涉，又有利于减小由于间隙位置缺少导电层39而对电池2内阻以及活性物质层38和集流体36之间的粘附力所产生的不利影响。
可选地，导电层39的厚度范围为0.5μm～2μm，例如可以是0.5μm、1μm、1.5μm或2μm等，本申请对此不作限制。
本申请实施例中，当导电层39厚度过小时，不利于导电层39发 挥作用，当导电层39厚度过大时，则会导致活性物质层38的总体厚度降低，从而降低电池2的能量密度。
上述方案中，通过将导电层39的厚度设置在0.5μm～2μm，既有利于确保导电层39在极片311中发挥作用，也可以不降低电池2的能量密度。
以上描述了本申请实施例提供的极片311，以下描述本申请实施例提供的制备极片311的方法，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图7示出了本申请一个实施例的极片311的制备方法700的示意性流程图。如图7所示，方法700包括：
S710：在集流体36上涂覆绝缘层浆料，干燥后形成绝缘层37。
S720：在集流体36上涂覆活性物质层浆料，干燥后形成活性物质层38，以制得极片311。
其中，活性物质层38和绝缘层37沿集流体36的第一方向X设置，活性物质层38的靠近绝缘层37一侧的边缘部分381覆盖绝缘层37的第一边缘区域371。
上述方案中，先在集流体36上经涂覆和干燥形成绝缘层37，然后再在集流体36上形成活性物质层38，这可以限制液态的绝缘层浆料向活性物质层38迁移，能够有效避免由于绝缘层37向活性物质层38迁移所造成的涂布鼓边的问题发生，有利于提高极片311加工的效率和质量，有利于获得具有较高成品质量的极片311。此外，活性物质层38靠近绝缘层37一侧的边缘部分381覆盖绝缘层37的第一边缘区域371，也就是说，活性物质层38和绝缘层37之间不存在直接裸露的集流体36。这有利于避免因受应力集中作用，在裸露的集流体36处产生褶皱，从而刺穿隔离膜的现象发生，进而有利于提升电池2的安全性。
可选地，绝缘层37可以采用摸头挤出涂布、微凹版涂布或凹版涂布等工艺来涂覆形成，本申请对此不作限制。
进一步地，可以采用微凹版涂布工艺在集流体36上涂覆绝缘层浆料。此时，步骤S710具体可以包括：采用微凹版涂布工艺在集流体36上涂覆液态绝缘层浆料，干燥后形成绝缘层37。
上述方案中，相比于常用的摸头挤出涂布工艺，采用微凹版涂布有利于对绝缘层37的厚度减薄，这样一来，覆盖在极耳361的靠近活性物质层38一侧的端部区域3611上的绝缘层37厚度减小，使得极耳361变得柔软，更容易弯折，进而在电池2封装过程中，有利于降低折极耳空间，提高电池2的体积能量密度。
可选地，方法700还包括：在第一方向X上，对位于绝缘层37的远离活性物质层38的一侧的集流体36进行处理，以形成极耳361。
具体地，在第一方向X上，集流体36的远离绝缘层37一侧的区域为一片空箔区，即直接裸露的集流体36，通过对该部分裸露的集流体36进行处理，以形成极耳361。例如，可以通过激切割或机械切割对集流体36进行切割处理，将除极耳361以外的集流体36进行切除，从而形成极耳361。
可选地，绝缘层37的第二边缘区域372可以覆盖极耳361的靠近活性物质层38一侧的端部区域3611。
可选地，在步骤S720之前，方法700还包括：在集流体36上涂覆导电层浆料，干燥后形成导电层39。其中，活性物质层38完全覆盖导电层39。
应理解，本申请实施例中，对于绝缘层37和导电层39在集流体36上的制备顺序不作限制。例如，可以将导电层浆料和绝缘层浆料按照预设的尺寸位置同时涂覆在集流体36上，干燥后形成导电层39和绝缘层37。 或者，可以先在集流体36上涂覆导电层浆料，以形成导电层39，然后再涂覆绝缘层浆料，以形成绝缘层36。又或者，可以先在集流体36上涂覆绝缘层浆料，以形成绝缘层37，然后再涂覆导电层浆料，以形成导电层39。
可选地，导电层39和绝缘层37可以采用相同的涂布工艺，也可以采用不同的涂布工艺，本申请对此不作限制。导电层39例如可以通过采用微凹版涂布工艺或者凹版涂布工艺，在集流体36上涂覆导电层浆料形成。
可选地，在第一方向X，绝缘层37和导电层39之间设有间隙，这样一来，当绝缘层浆料和导电层浆料同时涂覆在集流体36上时，能够避免两者之间的相互干涉。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电极组件31，包括前述实施例中的极片311。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池单体3，包括前述实施例中的电池组件31；壳体321，具有开口，用于容纳电极组件31；端盖322，用于封闭开口。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池2，包括前述实施例中的电池单体3。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，包括前述实施例中的电池2，电池2用于提供电能。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种极片(311)，其特征在于，包括：集流体(36)、以及位于所述集流体(36)上的绝缘层(37)和活性物质层(38)；
    所述活性物质层(38)和所述绝缘层(37)沿所述集流体(36)的第一方向(X)设置，所述活性物质层(38)的靠近所述绝缘层(37)一侧的边缘部分(381)覆盖所述绝缘层(37)的第一边缘区域(371)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，在所述第一方向(X)上，所述集流体(36)的极耳(361)位于所述绝缘层(37)的远离所述活性物质层(38)的一侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，所述绝缘层(37)的第二边缘区域(372)覆盖所述极耳(361)的靠近所述绝缘层(37)一侧的端部区域(3611)。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，所述绝缘层(37)的厚度范围为1μm～25μm。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，所述绝缘层(37)的厚度范围为2μm～10μm。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，在所述第一方向(X)上，所述边缘部分(381)的尺寸范围为0～5mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，所述极片(311)还包括导电层(39)，
    所述导电层(39)位于所述集流体(36)和所述活性物质层(38)之间，且所述活性物质层(38)完全覆盖所述导电层(39)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，在所述第一方向(X)上，所述导电层(39)和所述绝缘层(37)之间设有间隙。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，在所述第一方向(X)上，所述间隙的尺寸范围为0.1mm～4mm。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，在所述第一方向(X)上，所述间隙的尺寸范围为0.5mm～1mm。
  11. 根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，所述导电层(39)的厚度范围为0.5μm～2μm。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，所述绝缘层(37)和所述活性物质层(38)依次在所述集流体(36)上经涂覆和干燥形成的。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的极片(311)，其特征在于，所述绝缘层(37)是采用微凹版涂布工艺在所述集流体(36)上经涂覆和干燥形成的。
  14. 一种极片(311)的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    在集流体(36)上涂覆绝缘层浆料，干燥后形成绝缘层(37)；
    在所述集流体(36)上涂覆活性物质层浆料，干燥后形成活性物质层(38)，以制得所述极片(311)；
    其中，所述活性物质层(38)和所述绝缘层(37)沿所述集流体(36)的第一方向(X)设置，所述活性物质层(38)的靠近所述绝缘层(37)一侧的边缘部分(381)覆盖所述绝缘层(37)的第一边缘区域(371)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述第一方向(X)上，对位于所述绝缘层(37)的远离所述活性物质层(38)的一侧的所述集流体(36)进行处理，以形成极耳(361)。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述绝缘层(37)的第二边缘区域(372)覆盖所述极耳(361)的靠近所述绝缘层(37)一侧的端部区域(3611)。
  17. 根据权利要求14至16中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述绝缘层(37)的厚度范围为1μm～25μm。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述绝缘层(37)的厚度范围为2μm～10μm。
  19. 根据权利要求14至18中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述第一方向(X)上，所述边缘部分(381)的尺寸范围为0～5mm。
  20. 根据权利要求14至19中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述在所述集流体(36)上涂覆活性物质层浆料之前，所述方法还包括：
    在所述集流体(36)上涂覆导电层浆料，干燥后形成导电层(39)；
    其中，所述活性物质层(38)完全覆盖所述导电层(39)。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述第一方向(X)上，所述导电层(39)和所述绝缘层(37)之间设有间隙。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述第一方向(X)上，所述间隙的尺寸范围为0.1mm～4mm。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述第一方向(X)上，所述间隙的尺寸范围为0.5mm～1mm。
  24. 根据权利要求20至23中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述导电层(39)的厚度范围为0.5μm～2μm。
  25. 根据权利要求14至24中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述在集流体(36)上涂覆绝缘层浆料，干燥后形成绝缘层(37)，包括：
    采用微凹版涂布工艺在所述集流体(36)上涂覆所述绝缘层浆料，干燥后形成所述绝缘层(37)。
  26. 一种电极组件(31)，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的极片(311)。
  27. 一种电池单体(3)，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求26所述的电极组件(31)；
    壳体(321)，具有开口，用于容纳所述电极组件(31)；以及
    端盖(322)，用于封闭所述开口。
  28. 一种电池(2)，其特征在于，包括：
    多个如权利要求20所述的电池单体(3)。
  29. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求21所述的电池(2)，所述电池(2)用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/109096 2022-07-29 2022-07-29 极片及其制备方法和相关设备 WO2024021061A1 (zh)

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CN1525591A (zh) * 2003-02-26 2004-09-01 三洋电机株式会社 非水电解质二次电池及其所使用的电极的制造方法
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