WO2024016533A1 - 一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024016533A1
WO2024016533A1 PCT/CN2022/132401 CN2022132401W WO2024016533A1 WO 2024016533 A1 WO2024016533 A1 WO 2024016533A1 CN 2022132401 W CN2022132401 W CN 2022132401W WO 2024016533 A1 WO2024016533 A1 WO 2024016533A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sleeve body
sleeve
shield machine
steel sleeve
half cylinder
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PCT/CN2022/132401
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王利军
于静涛
曹均旺
宋相帅
吴全立
张贺
代志超
洪成晶
许超
钟涵
张飞雷
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中国路桥工程有限责任公司
中交第二航务工程局有限公司
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Application filed by 中国路桥工程有限责任公司, 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 filed Critical 中国路桥工程有限责任公司
Publication of WO2024016533A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024016533A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of shield tunnel engineering, and in particular to a multi-standard universal steel sleeve structure for shield tunneling machines and a method of using the same.
  • shield machines are high-risk events in shield tunnel construction, especially in weak strata and water-rich strata.
  • the shield machine When the shield machine is receiving, it is easy to cause the excavation surface to become unstable after the shield machine breaks the hole. Soil collapse and water inrush accidents.
  • steel sleeves are used for the launch and reception of shields.
  • the core technology of balanced launch and reception of steel sleeves is to fill the steel sleeve with sand, add water, etc., so that the inside of the steel sleeve It has the same pressure environment as that at the end of the tunnel, so that there will be no pressure difference after the shield breaks through the tunnel, which can effectively reduce the risk of water and sand intrusion.
  • Shield boring equipment has a variety of specifications, each specification has a different diameter and usage environment.
  • the existing steel sleeves are mainly designed for specific strata and specific specifications of shield boring equipment, and often cannot be used again after the project is completed. This results in a large waste of equipment and materials; at the same time, the existing steel sleeve is filled with sand and water. However, during this process, the sand will solidify and settle when it encounters water, and it is easy to cause partial filling failure. Dense, and even defects such as local cavities appear.
  • the invention provides a universal steel sleeve structure for multi-standard shield machines, which can be used for launching and receiving shields of various diameters, can effectively reduce construction costs and improve the filling effect inside the steel sleeve, thereby solving the problem of Problems in background technology.
  • the invention also provides a method for using a universal steel sleeve structure of a multi-standard shield machine, which can achieve the same technical effect.
  • a universal steel sleeve structure for multi-specification shield machines including:
  • the sleeve body is a cylindrical structure with one end open; a bracket is provided at the bottom of the sleeve body;
  • telescopic mechanisms are arranged along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the sleeve body; one end of each telescopic mechanism is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body, and the other end is a free end; the telescopic mechanism extends along the sleeve
  • the barrel body performs telescopic movement in the radial direction;
  • Multiple airbags are provided on the inner wall of the sleeve body along the circumferential direction, and an inflating device is provided to inflate the inside of the airbag;
  • a feeding pipe connects the inside and outside of the sleeve body and is used to feed materials into the sleeve body;
  • the reaction frame is arranged at one end of the sleeve body; the reaction frame has a triangular support structure as a whole.
  • the sleeve body includes a plurality of sleeve segments distributed along the extension direction, and the end surfaces of adjacent sleeve segments are in contact with each other.
  • each of the sleeve segments includes an upper half cylinder and a lower half cylinder with arc-shaped cross-sections.
  • the upper half cylinder and the lower half cylinder form a complete circular ring structure after being spliced.
  • a sealing strip is provided at the joint between the upper half cylinder and the lower half cylinder, and both sides of the sealing strip fit the joining surfaces of the upper half cylinder and the lower half cylinder respectively.
  • one side of the sealing strip extends out of the sleeve body, and extension sections are respectively provided on both sides of the extension portion.
  • the two extension sections are combined with the sealing strip to form a T-shaped structure.
  • an arc-shaped supporting block is provided at one end of the telescopic mechanism close to the shield machine.
  • the arc-shaped bracket is detachably connected to the end of the telescopic mechanism.
  • feeding pipes there are multiple feeding pipes, wherein several feeding pipes distributed along the circumference of the sleeve body form a pipe group, and the pipe group is distributed along the extension direction of the sleeve body. Multiple.
  • the airbag and the telescopic mechanism are staggered in the extension direction of the sleeve body.
  • the invention also provides a method for using a universal steel sleeve structure of a multi-specification shield machine, which is suitable for the above-mentioned universal steel sleeve structure of a multi-specification shield machine.
  • the steps include:
  • the shield can be launched or received.
  • the Bengang sleeve structure is equipped with multiple telescopic telescopic mechanisms. By adjusting the length of the telescopic mechanism, the Bengang sleeve structure can guide rails according to the different diameters of the shield machine. Adjustment can meet the starting and receiving process requirements of shield steel sleeves of various diameters;
  • the sleeve structure of Benxi Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. sets an air bag inside the sleeve body and uses sand to match the air bag for filling.
  • the gas can ensure that the gaps in the sand sample are completely filled, ensuring the filling effect of the sand.
  • the gas filled An air wall can be formed at the joint of the cave door to prevent leakage at the tail part of the shield and ensure the sealing effect.
  • the steel sleeve structure adopts a multi-pipeline design, which increases the channels for feeding, grouting, and unloading, improves the efficiency of the entire steel sleeve starting and receiving process, and makes the local coverage of the feed port more comprehensive. It makes the effect of feeding and grouting better; at the same time, it can also reflect the posture of the shield machine entering the steel sleeve, excavation parameters, etc. by observing the status of the feeding pipes at different positions, so as to better respond to emergencies. Adjustment.
  • Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the universal steel sleeve structure of a multi-standard shield machine of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is another view of the structural schematic diagram of the universal steel sleeve structure of the multi-standard shield machine of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the universal steel sleeve structure of the multi-standard shield machine of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic front view of the universal steel sleeve structure of the multi-standard shield machine of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 4 according to the first embodiment of the telescopic mechanism
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of B of Figure 4 in the second embodiment of the telescopic mechanism
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the universal steel sleeve structure of the multi-standard shield machine of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a side view of the multi-standard shield machine universal steel sleeve structure of the present invention with the upper half cylinder removed;
  • Figure 10 is an exploded view of the sleeve segments
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • the invention relates to a multi-specification shield machine universal steel sleeve structure, as shown in Figures 1 to 10, including:
  • the sleeve body 1 is a cylindrical structure with one end open. When installed in a shield tunnel, the opening of the sleeve body 1 faces the starting hole or the receiving hole, and the shield machine drives out or enters the sleeve body 1 from the opening;
  • a bracket 11 is also provided at the bottom of the barrel body 1. The bottom of the bracket 11 has a flat structure. The bracket 11 can firmly fix the sleeve body 1 to the ground;
  • telescopic mechanisms 2 are arranged along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the sleeve body 1; one end of each telescopic mechanism 2 is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body 1, and the other end is a free end; the telescopic mechanisms 2 follow the diameter of the sleeve body 1 Telescopic movement in the direction, so that the position of the free end in the sleeve body 1 can be adjusted through the telescopic movement;
  • Multiple airbags 3 are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve body 1 along the circumferential direction, and an inflating device is provided to inflate the inside of the airbag 3. After the inside of the airbag 3 is filled with gas, the volume will increase and expand;
  • the feeding pipe 4 connects the inside and outside of the sleeve body 1 and is used to add sand into the sleeve body 1; when there are multiple feeding pipes 4, the feeding pipe 4 located at the bottom of the sleeve body 1 can also be used in Bengang Steel Co., Ltd.
  • the sleeve structure plays the role of discharging materials when it is dismantled;
  • the reaction frame 5 is arranged at one end of the sleeve body 1; the reaction frame 5 has a triangular support structure as a whole, and is used to provide reaction force for the tunneling of the shield machine or to support the sleeve body 1 when starting or receiving; when necessary
  • a jack 6 can also be provided, and the two ends of the jack 6 are respectively pressed against the reaction frame 5 and the side of the shield shaft to further provide digging force or supporting force.
  • the telescopic mechanism 2 can be implemented in the following embodiments in the Bengang sleeve structure:
  • the telescopic mechanism 2 includes a power actuator 22 and a slider 23.
  • the power actuator 22 is a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder, which is fixedly installed on the side wall of the sleeve body 1; the slider 23 is provided on the power actuator 22. At the output end of the actuator 22, the power actuator 22 drives the slider 23 to move, forming a free end;
  • the telescopic mechanism 2 includes a screw 24 and a contact block 25. At the same time, a threaded hole is opened on the side wall of the sleeve body 1, or a first threaded hole is provided on the side wall of the sleeve body 1. Connecting block, screw one end of the screw 24 into the threaded hole, and install the abutting block 25 on the other end to form a free end. By rotating the screw 24, the extension or contraction of the telescopic mechanism 2 can be adjusted;
  • the telescopic mechanism 2 can be a telescopic guide rail structure, the second connecting block is installed on the side wall of the sleeve body 1, and the guide rail is installed on the second connecting block.
  • the Bengang sleeve structure is equipped with multiple telescopic telescopic mechanisms 2.
  • the Bengang sleeve structure can be adjusted according to the The diameter of the shield machine can be adjusted to meet the starting and receiving process requirements of shield machines of various diameters; at the same time, the Bengang sleeve structure is constructed by setting an air bag 3 inside the sleeve body, and using the air bag 3 in combination with sand addition. Filling, on the one hand, the gas can ensure that the gaps in the sand sample are completely filled, ensuring the filling effect of the sand.
  • a part of the air bag 3 is set at the opening of the sleeve body 1.
  • the gas filled in this part of the air bag 3 can be filled in the hole door.
  • An air wall is formed at the connection to prevent leakage at the tail part of the shield and ensure the sealing effect.
  • the volume of the Bengang sleeve structure is usually large, in order to facilitate the installation of the Bengang sleeve structure, it is preferred to separate the sleeve body 1, as shown in Figure 3, by arranging multiple sleeves distributed along the extension direction.
  • the sleeve segments fit the end faces of adjacent sleeve segments together to form the sleeve body 1.
  • a fixed flange structure is provided on the end face of each sleeve segment, and the sleeve segments are connected by using bolts to fix the flange structure.
  • a rubber sealing gasket or rubber sealing ring is preferably provided between adjacent sleeve segments to ensure the sealing performance of the assembled sleeve body 1 .
  • Each sleeve segment is preferably also configured as a component structure, as shown in Figure 10, including an upper half cylinder 12 and a lower half cylinder 13 with arc-shaped cross-sections. After splicing, a complete ring structure is formed.
  • the upper half-cylinder 12 and the lower half-cylinder 13 are preferably both provided with mounting plates extending radially outward at the surfaces used for joining together.
  • the upper half-cylinder 12 and the lower half-cylinder 12 are realized by fixing the two mounting plates with bolts. Connection of half cylinder 13. It is preferable to provide a sealing strip 14 at the joint of the upper half cylinder 12 and the lower half cylinder 13.
  • the two sides of the sealing strip 14 fit the splicing surfaces of the upper half cylinder 12 and the lower half cylinder 13 respectively. , to ensure the sealing of the joint between the upper half cylinder 12 and the lower half cylinder 13.
  • the sealing strip 14 preferably adopts the following structure: one side of the sealing strip 14 extends out of the sleeve body 1, and extension sections 15 are provided on both sides of the extension part.
  • the two extension sections 15 and the sealing strip 14 are combined to form a T-shaped structure.
  • the T-shaped structure can form a bending structure in the gap at the joint, making the gap at the joint less likely to leak, further improving the sealing performance of the sleeve body 1 .
  • the sealing strip 14 can also reduce the friction between the joining surfaces of the upper half cylinder 12 and the lower half cylinder 13, thereby enhancing the service life of the cylinder.
  • splicing method first splice all the lower half cylinders 13 to align the central axes of the inner walls of all the lower half cylinders 13, and then Then start from one end close to the starting hole or the receiving hole, and install the upper half cylinders 12 one by one toward the other end.
  • This installation method ensures the straightness of the spliced sleeve body 1, thereby ensuring the safety of the shield machine's launch or reception.
  • an arc-shaped bracket 21 at one end of the telescopic mechanism 2 close to the shield machine.
  • a complete circular ring shape can be formed by splicing all the arc-shaped brackets 21 installed on the telescopic mechanism 2.
  • the diameter of the ring formed by each arc-shaped supporting block 21 is different, and different ring diameters correspond to different diameter shield machines.
  • the limiting and lifting capabilities of the arc-shaped bracket 21 for the shield machine can be improved, and when the telescopic mechanism 2 pushes the arc-shaped bracket 21 to form a circular ring shape, it can no longer continue. Stretch inward, thereby effectively preventing the telescopic mechanism 2 from extending too long, causing damage to the shield machine or affecting the movement of the shield machine.
  • the free end of the arc-shaped bracket 21 and the telescopic mechanism 2 is preferably configured to be detachably connected, such as using screws and bolts or a snap-in structure to fix the arc-shaped bracket 21, so as to facilitate the arc-shaped bracket 21. replace.
  • the feeding port of the traditional steel sleeve is generally designed at the top, and the number of feeding ports is usually only 1 to 2. This feeding method makes it difficult to spread the material added to the steel sleeve evenly, resulting in difficulty in filling the steel sleeve. Guarantee that some corners are prone to leaving gaps, which increases the safety risks of shield origin and reception.
  • multiple feeding pipes 4 are arranged, and their distribution mode is set as follows: several feeding pipes 4 distributed along the circumferential direction of the sleeve body 1 form a pipe group, and the pipe group is arranged along the sleeve. The extending directions of the barrel body 1 are distributed in multiple directions.
  • the Bengang sleeve structure adds channels for feeding, grouting, and unloading, which improves the construction efficiency of the entire steel sleeve starting and receiving; at the same time, the multi-pipeline arrangement makes the feeding The local coverage of the mouth is more comprehensive, making the feeding and grouting effects better.
  • the filling material in each feeding pipe 4 will react differently. For example, during the receiving operation, as the shield machine enters the sleeve body 1, the part reached by the shield machine will The filling material in the sleeve body 1 is extruded. At this time, there are several feeding pipes 4 distributed along the extension direction of the sleeve body 1.
  • the airbag 3 and the telescopic mechanism 2 are preferably staggered in the extension direction of the sleeve body 1, so as to ensure that the telescopic mechanisms 2 on both sides of the airbag 3 can support the shield machine and prevent the shield machine from deflecting and the airbag 3 from interacting with each other. Contact affects the operation of airbag 3.
  • the invention also relates to a method of using a universal steel sleeve structure of a multi-specification shield machine, which is suitable for the above-mentioned universal steel sleeve structure of a multi-specification shield machine.
  • the steps include:

Abstract

一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构及其使用方法；包括套筒本体（1），为一端开口的筒形结构；套筒本体（1）底部设置托架（11）；伸缩机构（2），在套筒本体（1）的内壁上沿圆周方向设置多个；每个伸缩机构（2）一端固定在套筒本体（1）内壁上，另一端为自由端；伸缩机构（2）沿套筒本体（1）的径向方向进行伸缩运动；气囊（3），在套筒本体（1）的内壁上沿圆周方向设置多个，并设置充气装置向气囊（3）内部充气；加料管（4），连通套筒本体（1）的内部和外侧，用于向套筒本体（1）内加料；反力架（5），设置在套筒本体（1）一端；反力架（5）整体呈三角形支撑结构。

Description

一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及盾构隧道工程技术领域，尤其涉及一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构及其使用方法。
背景技术
盾构始发、接收在盾构隧道施工中属于高风险事件，特别在软弱地层和富水地层中，当盾构机接收时，在盾构机破洞后易造成开挖面失稳而发生土体坍塌和涌水事故。为了避免上述的危险，盾构的始发、接收会使用钢套筒，钢套筒平衡始发和接收的核心技术，是在钢套筒内进行填砂、加水等方式，使钢套筒内部具有与洞门端头处相同的压力环境，使盾构破除洞门后不产生压力差，可以有效降低涌水涌砂的风险。
盾构设备具有多种规格，每种规格有着不同的直径和使用环境，现有的钢套筒主要针对于特定地层、特定规格的盾构设备进行设计，在工程完工后往往无法再次进行运用，造成的设备、材料浪费较大；同时，现有的钢套筒在填充时采用的填砂再加水的填充方式，然而在此过程中由于砂遇水会固结沉降，极易出现局部填充不密实，甚至出现局部空腔等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，能够用于多种直径盾构的始发、接收，可以有效地降低施工成本并能够提升钢套筒内部的填充效果，从而解决背景技术中的问题。本发明还提供了一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构的使用方法，可以达到相同的技术效果。
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，包括：
套筒本体，为一端开口的筒形结构；所述套筒本体底部设置托架；
伸缩机构，在所述套筒本体的内壁上沿圆周方向设置多个；每个所述伸缩机构一端固定在所述套筒本体内壁上，另一端为自由端；所述伸缩机构沿所述 套筒本体的径向方向进行伸缩运动；
气囊，在所述套筒本体的内壁上沿圆周方向设置多个，并设置充气装置向所述气囊内部充气；
加料管，连通所述套筒本体的内部和外侧，用于向所述套筒本体内加料；
反力架，设置在套筒本体一端；所述反力架整体呈三角形支撑结构。
进一步地，套筒本体包括沿延伸方向分布的多个套筒节段，相邻的所述套筒节段的端面贴合。
进一步地，每个所述套筒节段包括截面均为弧形结构的上半筒体和下半筒体，所述上半筒体和所述下半筒体拼接后形成完整圆环结构。
进一步地，所述上半筒体和所述下半筒体的拼合处还设置密封条，所述密封条两侧面分别贴合所述上半筒体和所述下半筒体的拼接面。
进一步地，所述密封条一侧边伸出所述套筒本体外侧，且伸出部位的两侧面分别设置有延伸段，两个所述延伸段与所述密封条组合形成T形结构。
进一步地，所述伸缩机构靠近盾构机的一端设置弧形托块。
进一步地，所述弧形托块与所述伸缩机构端部可拆卸连接。
进一步地，所述加料管设置多个，其中，沿所述套筒本体的周向分布的若干个所述加料管形成一个管组，所述管组在沿所述套筒本体的延伸方向分布多个。
进一步地，所述气囊和所述伸缩机构在套筒本体的延伸方向上交错设置。
本发明还提供一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构使用方法，适用于上述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，步骤包括：
在盾构井中安装完成钢套筒结构；
调整伸缩机构的长度，使所有伸缩机构的自由端移动至对应盾构机的外侧面处；
通过加料管向套筒本体内部填充砂料；
向气囊内充气使气囊体积膨胀，将砂料压得更加密实；
之后即可进行盾构的始发或接收作业。
通过本发明的技术方案，可实现以下技术效果：
1、相较于传统钢套筒结构，本钢套筒结构内设置了多个可伸缩的伸缩机构，通过调整伸缩机构的长度，使本钢套筒结构可依据盾构机直径的不同进行导轨调整，可满足多种直径的盾构钢套筒始发、接收工艺要求；
2、本钢套筒结构通过在套筒本体内设置气囊，采用加砂配合气囊的方式进行填充，一方面气体可以保证完全填充砂样空隙，保证填砂的充填效果，另一方面填充的气体可在洞门连接处形成一道气墙，防止盾尾部分出现渗漏，保证密封效果。
3、本钢套筒结构采用多管路设计，增加了进料、注浆、卸料的通道，提升了整个钢套筒始发、接收工艺效率，并且使得进料口局部覆盖范围更加全面，使得加料、注浆效果更好；同时也能够通过观察不同位置的加料管的状态，从而反应出盾构机进入钢套筒内的姿态、掘进参数等情况，进而更好地应对突发状况进行调整。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构的结构示意图的另一视图；
图3为本发明的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构的部件拆分图；
图4为本发明的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构的正面示意图；
图5为图4的A处放大图；
图6为伸缩机构实施方式一时图4的B处放大图；
图7为伸缩机构实施方式二时图4的B处放大图；
图8为本发明的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构的侧视图；
图9为本发明的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构移除上半筒体后的侧视图；
图10为套筒节段的部件拆分图；
附图标记：套筒本体1、托架11、上半筒体12、下半筒体13、密封条14、延伸段15、伸缩机构2、弧形托块21、动力执行器22、滑块23、螺杆24、抵接块25、气囊3、加料管4、反力架5、千斤顶6。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，属于“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或者位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或者位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体式连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接连接，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明涉及一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，如图1～10所示，包括：
套筒本体1，为一端开口的筒形结构，在盾构井内安装时，套筒本体1的开口朝向始发洞口或者接收洞口，盾构机从开口处驶出或进入套筒本体1；套 筒本体1底部还设置托架11，托架11的底部呈平面结构，通过托架11可以使套筒本体1稳固地固定在地面上；
伸缩机构2，在套筒本体1的内壁上沿圆周方向设置多个；每个伸缩机构2一端固定在套筒本体1内壁上，另一端为自由端；伸缩机构2沿套筒本体1的径向方向进行伸缩运动，从而可以通过伸缩运动调整自由端在套筒本体1内的位置；
气囊3，在套筒本体1的内壁上沿圆周方向设置多个，并设置充气装置向气囊3内部充气，气囊3内部充入气体后体积会变大膨胀；
加料管4，连通套筒本体1的内部和外侧，用于向套筒本体1内加入砂料；当加料管4设置多个时，位于套筒本体1底部的加料管4还可以在本钢套筒结构拆除时起到出料的作用；
反力架5，设置在套筒本体1一端；反力架5整体呈三角形支撑结构，用于在始发或接收时为盾构机的掘进提供反作用力或者对套筒本体1进行支撑；必要时，还可以设置千斤顶6，将千斤顶6的两端分别抵住反力架5和盾构井的侧面，进一步地提供掘进力或者支撑力。
伸缩机构2在本钢套筒结构中可以是如下实施方式：
方式一，如图6所示，伸缩机构2包括动力执行器22和滑块23，动力执行器22为液压缸或者气缸，其固定安装在套筒本体1侧壁上；滑块23设置在动力执行器22的输出端，动力执行器22带动滑块23进行运动，形成自由端；
方式二，如图7所示，伸缩机构2包括螺杆24和抵接块25，同时在套筒本体1侧壁上开设螺纹孔、或者在套筒本体1侧壁上设置具有螺纹孔的第一连接块，将螺杆24一端旋入螺纹孔中，另一端安装上抵接块25形成自由端，通过转动螺杆24即可实现伸缩机构2的伸长或收缩的调整；
方式三，伸缩机构2可以是可伸缩式导轨结构，第二连接块安装在套筒本体1侧壁上，导轨安装在第二连接块上。
具体的，本钢套筒结构相较于传统钢套筒结构，本钢套筒结构内设置了多个可伸缩的伸缩机构2，通过调整伸缩机构2的长度，使本钢套筒结构可依据盾构机直径的不同进行调整，可满足多种直径的盾构机始发、接收工艺要求；同时本钢套筒结构通过在套筒本体内设置气囊3，采用气囊3配合加砂的方式进行填充，一方面气体可以保证完全填充砂样空隙，保证填砂的充填效果，另一方面将部分气囊3设置在套筒本体1的开口处，在该部分气囊3内填充的气体可在洞门连接处形成一道气墙，防止盾尾部分出现渗漏，保证密封效果。
由于本钢套筒结构的体积通常会较大，为了方便本钢套筒结构的安装，优选将套筒本体1进行分体设置，如图3所示，通过设置沿延伸方向分布的多个套筒节段，将相邻的套筒节段的端面贴合，从而组成套筒本体1。每个套筒节段的端面再设置固定法兰结构，通过使用螺栓固定法兰结构的方式对套筒节段进行连接。相邻的套筒节段之间优选再设置橡胶密封垫或橡胶密封圈，从而保证拼合后的套筒本体1的密封性。
每个套筒节段优选也设置成分体结构，如图10所示，包括截面均为弧形结构的上半筒体12和下半筒体13，上半筒体12和下半筒体13拼接后形成完整圆环结构。上半筒体12和下半筒体13在用于拼合的面处优选均设置有沿径向向外延伸的安装板，通过使用螺栓固定两个安装板的方式实现上半筒体12和下半筒体13的连接。优选在上半筒体12和下半筒体13的拼合处还设置密封条14，如图5所示，密封条14两侧面分别贴合上半筒体12和下半筒体13的拼接面，保证上半筒体12和下半筒体13的拼合处的密封性。密封条14优选采用如下结构：密封条14一侧边伸出套筒本体1外侧，且伸出部位的两侧面分别设置有延伸段15，两个延伸段15与密封条14组合形成T形结构，T形结构可以使拼合处的缝隙形成弯折结构，使拼合处的缝隙更不容易产生渗漏，进一步地提升套筒本体1的密封性。密封条14还能减小上半筒体12和下半筒体13拼合面之间的摩擦，增强了筒体的使用寿命。
对于上述进行分体设置的套筒本体1，在拼接时，优选采用如下的拼接方 式：先将所有的下半筒体13进行拼接，使所有下半筒体13的内壁的中心轴线对齐，之后再从靠近始发洞口或者接收洞口的一端开始，向另一端逐个安装上半筒体12，并且在安装每个上半筒体12时，先将对应的上半筒体12和下半筒体13之间进行固定，之后再将上半筒体12和之前安装好的上半筒体12进行固定。通过这种安装方式来保证拼接后的套筒本体1的直线度，从而保证盾构机的始发或接收的安全。
为了提升伸缩机构2自由端的面积，避免伸缩机构2划伤盾构机，优选在伸缩机构2靠近盾构机的一端设置弧形托块21。弧形托块21可以根据盾构机的尺寸设置多种，对于每种弧形托块21，将所有的伸缩机构2上安装的该种弧形托块21拼接后可以形成完整的圆环形状，并且每种弧形托块21形成的圆环的直径都不相同，不同的圆环直径对应不同直径的盾构机。通过这种形式的弧形托块21，可以提升弧形托块21对盾构机的限位、托举能力，并且当伸缩机构2推动弧形托块21组成圆环形状后就无法再继续向内伸长，从而有效地避免伸缩机构2伸得过长导致盾构机受损或影响盾构机的移动。此结构下，弧形托块21与伸缩机构2的自由端优选设置成可拆卸连接方式，比如使用螺钉螺栓或者设置卡接结构对弧形托块21进行固定，便于对弧形托块21的更换。
传统钢套筒的加料口一般设计在顶部，并且加料口的数量通常只有1～2个，这种加料方式使加入钢套筒内的料难以均匀地铺开，导致钢套筒内填充效果难以保证，部分角落位置容易留下缝隙，增加盾构始发、接收安全隐患。在本钢套筒结构内，将加料管4设置多个，并且将其分布方式进行如下设置：沿套筒本体1的周向分布的若干个加料管4形成一个管组，管组在沿套筒本体1的延伸方向分布多个。相较于传统钢套筒结构，本钢套筒结构增加了进料、注浆、卸料用的通道，提升了整个钢套筒始发、接收的施工效率；同时多管路布置使得进料口局部覆盖范围更加全面，使得加料、注浆效果更好。盾构机在驶出或进入时，会使各个加料管4内的填充料产生不同的反应，比如在接收作业中，随着盾构机进入套筒本体1，盾构机到达的部分会将套筒本体1内的填充 料挤出，此时就有：对于沿套筒本体1的延伸方向分布的几个加料管4，当某个加料管4出现挤出现象时说明盾构机到达了该加料管4对应的位置；对于沿套筒本体1的周向分布的几个加料管4，当某个加料管4被挤出的填充料大于其他加料管4，说明盾构机产生了向该加料管4方向的歪斜；通过这种观察不同位置的加料管4的方式，从而观察盾构机进入钢套筒内的姿态、掘进参数等情况，进而更好地应对突发状况。对应始发作业中，随着盾构机驶出套筒本体1，盾构机离开的部分需要再从加料管4内补入填充料，则此时观察的就是不同位置的加料管4的补料状态。
气囊3和伸缩机构2优选在套筒本体1的延伸方向上交错设置，从而可以保证在气囊3两侧的伸缩机构2能够对盾构机进行支撑，避免盾构机产生偏移和气囊3相互接触影响气囊3的工作。
本发明还涉及一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构使用方法，适用于上述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，步骤包括：
S1：在盾构井中安装完成钢套筒结构，将套筒本体1的开口对准盾构井内的洞口并固定，对连接处进行密封处理，之后在套筒本体1远离洞口的一端再安装上反力架5；
S2：调整伸缩机构2的长度，使所有伸缩机构2的自由端移动至对应盾构机的外侧面处；在始发状态时，由于盾构机已经在套筒本体1内，此时伸缩机构2的自由端会贴住盾构机侧面；在接收状态时，盾构机还未进入套筒本体1内，此时所有伸缩机构2的自由端形成的拟合圆的直径与盾构机的直径相同，在盾构机进入套筒本体1内后，伸缩机构2的自由端会贴住盾构机侧面；
S3：通过加料管4向套筒本体1内部填充砂料；
S4：向气囊3内充气使气囊3体积膨胀，将砂料压得更加密实；气囊3内充气量根据施工环境进行确定，使气囊3压实砂料后，套筒本体1内砂料的压力和洞门端头处地层的压力相同；
S5：之后即可进行盾构的始发或接收作业。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，其特征在于，包括：
    套筒本体(1)，为一端开口的筒形结构；所述套筒本体(1)底部设置托架(11)；
    伸缩机构(2)，在所述套筒本体(1)的内壁上沿圆周方向设置多个；每个所述伸缩机构(2)一端固定在所述套筒本体(1)内壁上，另一端为自由端；所述伸缩机构(2)沿所述套筒本体(1)的径向方向进行伸缩运动；
    气囊(3)，在所述套筒本体(1)的内壁上沿圆周方向设置多个，并设置充气装置向所述气囊(3)内部充气；
    加料管(4)，连通所述套筒本体(1)的内部和外侧，用于向所述套筒本体(1)内加料；
    反力架(5)，设置在套筒本体(1)一端；所述反力架(5)整体呈三角形支撑结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，其特征在于，套筒本体(1)包括沿延伸方向分布的多个套筒节段，相邻的所述套筒节段的端面贴合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，其特征在于，每个所述套筒节段包括截面均为弧形结构的上半筒体(12)和下半筒体(13)，所述上半筒体(12)和所述下半筒体(13)拼接后形成完整圆环结构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，其特征在于，所述上半筒体(12)和所述下半筒体(13)的拼合处还设置密封条(14)，所述密封条(14)两侧面分别贴合所述上半筒体(12)和所述下半筒体(13)的拼接面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，其特征在于，所述密封条(14)一侧边伸出所述套筒本体(1)外侧，且伸出部位的两侧面分别设置有延伸段(15)，两个所述延伸段(15)与所述密封条(14)组合形 成T形结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，其特征在于，所述伸缩机构(2)靠近盾构机的一端设置弧形托块(21)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，其特征在于，所述弧形托块(21)与所述伸缩机构(2)端部可拆卸连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，其特征在于，所述加料管(4)设置多个，其中，沿所述套筒本体(1)的周向分布的若干个所述加料管(4)形成一个管组，所述管组在沿所述套筒本体(1)的延伸方向分布多个。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，其特征在于，所述气囊(3)和所述伸缩机构(2)在套筒本体(1)的延伸方向上交错设置。
  10. 一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构使用方法，其特征在于，适用于如权利要求1～9任一项所述的多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构，步骤包括：
    在盾构井中安装完成钢套筒结构；
    调整伸缩机构(2)的长度，使所有伸缩机构(2)的自由端移动至对应盾构机的外侧面处；
    通过加料管(4)向套筒本体(1)内部填充砂料；
    向气囊(3)内充气使气囊(3)体积膨胀，将砂料压得更加密实；
    之后即可进行盾构的始发或接收作业。
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CN215860178U (zh) * 2021-07-12 2022-02-18 淮安市中球盾构技术服务有限公司 一种冻土环境中隧道盾构用抗压式钢套筒
CN114109406A (zh) * 2021-11-22 2022-03-01 中铁十八局集团有限公司 一种适应不同直径盾构机用钢套筒装置
CN115075835A (zh) * 2022-07-19 2022-09-20 中国路桥工程有限责任公司 一种多规格盾构机通用型钢套筒结构及其使用方法

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