WO2024013480A1 - Compositions and uses thereof - Google Patents
Compositions and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024013480A1 WO2024013480A1 PCT/GB2023/051808 GB2023051808W WO2024013480A1 WO 2024013480 A1 WO2024013480 A1 WO 2024013480A1 GB 2023051808 W GB2023051808 W GB 2023051808W WO 2024013480 A1 WO2024013480 A1 WO 2024013480A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- inulin
- xos
- individual
- components
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241000736262 Microbiota Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000008085 high protein diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000386 athletic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007542 Cichorium intybus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxysuccinate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017807 phytochemicals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930000223 plant secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000723343 Cichorium Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 39
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000001523 saccharolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010013911 Dysgeusia Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 244000005709 gut microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000013406 prebiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000021075 protein intake Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007407 health benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000020166 milkshake Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000298479 Cichorium intybus Species 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N D-Cellobiose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical class OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001847 bifidogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 dicitrate Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004921 distal colon Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003871 intestinal function Effects 0.000 description 3
- MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaempferol Natural products OC1=C(C(=O)c2cc(O)cc(O)c2O1)c3ccc(O)cc3 MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000004998 Abdominal Pain Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000605980 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003230 Helianthus tuberosus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQSIJRDFPHDXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N daidzein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC=C2C1=O ZQSIJRDFPHDXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-IUODEOHRSA-N epi-Gallocatechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-IUODEOHRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IYRMWMYZSQPJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaempferol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O1 IYRMWMYZSQPJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lipoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC1CCSS1 AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZMACGJDUUWFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-O malvidin Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=2C(=CC=3C(O)=CC(O)=CC=3[O+]=2)O)=C1 KZMACGJDUUWFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037081 physical activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- ULSUXBXHSYSGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tangeretin Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC(=O)C2=C(OC)C(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C2O1 ULSUXBXHSYSGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N trans-lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N (+)-catechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-ZFWWWQNUSA-N (+)-epicatechin Natural products C1([C@@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-ZFWWWQNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-UKRRQHHQSA-N (-)-epicatechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-UKRRQHHQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJVXUVWGSCCGHT-ZPYZYFCMSA-N (2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;(3s,4r,5r)-1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)CO PJVXUVWGSCCGHT-ZPYZYFCMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMASLKHVQRHNES-UPOGUZCLSA-N (3R)-beta,beta-caroten-3-ol Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C DMASLKHVQRHNES-UPOGUZCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-JLGXGRJMSA-N (3R,3'R)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-JLGXGRJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZFHEQBZOYJLPK-SSDOTTSWSA-N (R)-dihydrolipoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC[C@@H](S)CCS IZFHEQBZOYJLPK-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTVWIRXFELQLPI-ZDUSSCGKSA-N (S)-naringenin Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1[C@H]1OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C1 FTVWIRXFELQLPI-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJJVAFUKOBZPCB-ZGRPYONQSA-N (r)-3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyl-3,7,11-tridecatrienyl)-2h-1-benzopyran-6-ol Chemical class OC1=CC=C2OC(CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GJJVAFUKOBZPCB-ZGRPYONQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004246 Agave americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000010470 Ageusia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010002653 Anosmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N Astaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC2(C)C JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000796654 Axos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186018 Bifidobacterium adolescentis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001608472 Bifidobacterium longum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004936 Bromus mango Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001112696 Clostridia Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000019459 Cynara cardunculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019106 Cynara scolymus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GCPYCNBGGPHOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Delphinidin Natural products OC1=Cc2c(O)cc(O)cc2OC1=C3C=C(O)C(=O)C(=C3)O GCPYCNBGGPHOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBSCDKPKWHYZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Demethoxycapillarisin Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OC1=CC(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O1 UBSCDKPKWHYZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000194033 Enterococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CITFYDYEWQIEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Flavanol Natural products O1C2=CC(OCC=C(C)C)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(O)C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CITFYDYEWQIEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193159 Hathewaya histolytica Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008892 Helianthus tuberosus Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GQODBWLKUWYOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isorhamnetin Natural products C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3O2)O)=C1 GQODBWLKUWYOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Epigallocatechin Natural products OC1CC2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2OC1C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186869 Lactobacillus salivarius Species 0.000 description 1
- UPYKUZBSLRQECL-UKMVMLAPSA-N Lycopene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1C(=C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=C)CCCC2(C)C UPYKUZBSLRQECL-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEVVKJMRZMXFBT-XWDZUXABSA-N Lycophyll Natural products OC/C(=C/CC/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/CC/C=C(/CO)\C)\C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C)/C JEVVKJMRZMXFBT-XWDZUXABSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007228 Mangifera indica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014826 Mangifera indica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MZSGWZGPESCJAN-MOBFUUNNSA-N Melitric acid A Natural products O([C@@H](C(=O)O)Cc1cc(O)c(O)cc1)C(=O)/C=C/c1cc(O)c(O/C(/C(=O)O)=C/c2cc(O)c(O)cc2)cc1 MZSGWZGPESCJAN-MOBFUUNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myricetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetagetin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNVSXXGDAPORNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Resveratrol Natural products OC1=CC=CC(C=CC=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 QNVSXXGDAPORNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rhynchosin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009184 Spondias indica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IECRXMSGDFIOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tangeretin Natural products COC=1C(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IECRXMSGDFIOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiamine Natural products CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N Trans-resveratrol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LQFQNGICSA-N Z-zeaxanthin Natural products C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LQFQNGICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QOPRSMDTRDMBNK-RNUUUQFGSA-N Zeaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCC(O)C1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C QOPRSMDTRDMBNK-RNUUUQFGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUIUXBHZFNHITF-IEOSBIPESA-N [(2r)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4r,8r)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-yl] dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C JUIUXBHZFNHITF-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGXQOOQUZRUVSS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N [5-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(1,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentan-2-yl)oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl (e)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OC1C(OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OCC(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(COC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)O1 UGXQOOQUZRUVSS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019666 ageusia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LOFNIBRQSA-N all-trans-Zeaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBZANZVJRKXVBH-ITUXNECMSA-N all-trans-alpha-cryptoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CCCC2(C)C)C NBZANZVJRKXVBH-ITUXNECMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-glycerophosphate Natural products OCC(O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KZNIFHPLKGYRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N apigenin Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O1 KZNIFHPLKGYRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XADJWCRESPGUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N apigenin Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 XADJWCRESPGUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008714 apigenin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940117893 apigenin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000617 arabinoxylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013793 astaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001168 astaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940022405 astaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N beta-carotene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=CCCCC2(C)C TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002360 beta-cryptoxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011774 beta-cryptoxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMASLKHVQRHNES-ITUXNECMSA-N beta-cryptoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CCCC2(C)C DMASLKHVQRHNES-ITUXNECMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002747 betacarotene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003913 calcium metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001746 carotenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005473 carotenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005487 catechin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099898 chlorophyllin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019805 chlorophyllin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950001002 cianidanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002770 condensed tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007240 daidzein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007242 delphinidin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JKHRCGUTYDNCLE-UHFFFAOYSA-O delphinidin Chemical compound [O+]=1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=C(O)C=1C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 JKHRCGUTYDNCLE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000018823 dietary intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007368 endocrine function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037149 energy metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012734 epicatechin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LPTRNLNOHUVQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N epicatechin Natural products Cc1cc(O)cc2OC(C(O)Cc12)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1 LPTRNLNOHUVQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZYNKLUGCOSVKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N epigallocatechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3 DZYNKLUGCOSVKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBHXYTNGIZCORC-ZDUSSCGKSA-N eriodictyol Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC(=O)C3=C(O)C=C(C=C3O2)O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SBHXYTNGIZCORC-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUJPOVKMHCLXEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N eriodictyol Natural products C1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2OC1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUJPOVKMHCLXEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011797 eriodictyol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SBHXYTNGIZCORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N eriodyctiol Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)CC1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SBHXYTNGIZCORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002206 flavan-3-ols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004387 flavanoid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011987 flavanols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002213 flavones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N flavonol Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002216 flavonol derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011957 flavonols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006539 genistein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940045109 genistein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N genistein Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=COC2=C1 ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008466 glycitein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNUVCMKMNCKPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycitein Natural products COc1c(O)ccc2OC=C(C(=O)c12)c3ccc(O)cc3 NNUVCMKMNCKPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXYUAIFZCFRPTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycitein Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C2=O)=C1OC=C2C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DXYUAIFZCFRPTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036433 growing body Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019534 high fructose corn syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoflavone Natural products C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(OC)=C1C1=COC2=C(C=CC(C)(C)O3)C3=C(OC)C=C2C1=O CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002515 isoflavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008696 isoflavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IZQSVPBOUDKVDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isorhamnetin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3O2)O)=C1 IZQSVPBOUDKVDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008800 isorhamnetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008777 kaempferol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930013686 lignan Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000005692 lignans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009408 lignans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019136 lipoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012680 lutein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001656 lutein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005375 lutein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N lutein Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=C[C@H](O)CC1(C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORAKUVXRZWMARG-WZLJTJAWSA-N lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C ORAKUVXRZWMARG-WZLJTJAWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQPNAANSBPBGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N luteolin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 IQPNAANSBPBGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRDGATPGVJTWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N luteolin Natural products OC1=CC(O)=CC(C=2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C=2)=C1 LRDGATPGVJTWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009498 luteolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012661 lycopene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001751 lycopene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004999 lycopene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OAIJSZIZWZSQBC-GYZMGTAESA-N lycopene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C OAIJSZIZWZSQBC-GYZMGTAESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001071 malnutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000000824 malnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009584 malvidin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004079 mineral homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UXOUKMQIEVGVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N morin Natural products OC1=CC(O)=CC(C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3O2)O)=C1 UXOUKMQIEVGVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004220 muscle function Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N myricetin Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C=2OC3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C=2)=C1 PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007743 myricetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116852 myricetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WGEYAGZBLYNDFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naringenin Natural products C1(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2OC(C1)C1=CC=C(CC1)O WGEYAGZBLYNDFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007625 naringenin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940117954 naringenin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002232 neuromuscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000015380 nutritional deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000010627 oxidative phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKUHOPQRJKPJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pelargonidin Natural products OC1=Cc2c(O)cc(O)cc2OC1c1ccc(O)cc1 HKUHOPQRJKPJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006251 pelargonidin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XVFMGWDSJLBXDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O pelargonidin Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C(=C1)O)=[O+]C2=C1C(O)=CC(O)=C2 XVFMGWDSJLBXDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229930015721 peonidin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000006404 peonidin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XFDQJKDGGOEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-O peonidin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=2C(=CC=3C(O)=CC(O)=CC=3[O+]=2)O)=C1 XFDQJKDGGOEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930015717 petunidin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000006384 petunidin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AFOLOMGWVXKIQL-UHFFFAOYSA-O petunidin Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=2C(=CC=3C(O)=CC(O)=CC=3[O+]=2)O)=C1 AFOLOMGWVXKIQL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003075 phytoestrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000291 postprandial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000955 prescription drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008433 psychological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008160 pyridoxine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011677 pyridoxine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005875 quercetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001285 quercetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021283 resveratrol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940016667 resveratrol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940058206 rosemary oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010668 rosemary oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000001076 sarcopenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003687 soy isoflavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014620 theaflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008118 thearubigins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002663 thioctic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003867 tiredness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000016255 tiredness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002640 tocopherol group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003802 tocotrienol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011731 tocotrienol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019148 tocotrienols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940068778 tocotrienols Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N trans-isorenieratene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/c1c(C)ccc(C)c1C)C=CC=C(/C)C=Cc2c(C)ccc(C)c2C ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002438 upper gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036642 wellbeing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N xanthophyll Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C=C(C)C(O)CC2(C)C FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003735 xanthophylls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008210 xanthophylls Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010930 zeaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001775 zeaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043269 zeaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/20—Agglomerating; Granulating; Tabletting
- A23P10/22—Agglomeration or granulation with pulverisation of solid particles, e.g. in a free-falling curtain
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/702—Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
Definitions
- the present invention relates to agglomerated compositions and formulations for use in improving gastrointestinal microbiota composition and activity, and maintaining and improving gut barrier integrity, so as to support the health and wellbeing of an individual.
- the present invention is particularly useful for older individuals and those individuals involved in amateur and professional sports.
- Gastrointestinal microbiota has been shown to confer several health benefit and there is a growing body of evidence linking metabolic diseases with the gut microbiota.
- Certain functional fibres are resistant to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and therefore reach the colon and then undergo at least partial fermentation in the large intestine. If these functional fibres selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut microbiota, they are defined as prebiotics. It has been suggested that combining functional fibres may be useful in increasing the diversity of microbiota in the gut. For example, Lecerf, Jean- Michel, et al (2012) British Journal of Nutrition, 108, 1847-1858 describes that XOS in combination with inulin modulated both the intestinal environment and immune status in healthy subjects. EP2467145 discloses the effect of inulin and partially hydrolysed arabinoxylan (AXOS) on inflammation.
- AXOS inulin and partially hydrolysed arabinoxylan
- inulin To achieve the desired prebiotic effect from inulin, it necessary to consume it in high quantities. However, consuming high quantities of inulin can create physiological issues, such as abdominal pain, and unwanted gas production. It is also difficult to formulate inulin in high doses as it cannot be incorporated into an easily administered capsule or tablet.
- compositions having a number of different components can often pose a number of challenges in terms of product uniformity, solubility, dispersion, storage and ease of downstream processing. This can severely impact taste, texture, shelf life and quality control of finished products.
- an agglomerated composition comprising xylooligosaccharides (XOS), inulin and magnesium (Mg).
- the composition will preferably be formed by the wet agglomeration of the components.
- the agglomeration of the components may be batch or continuous by means of a fluid bed agglomerator.
- the fluid bed agglomerator may utilise a number of different materials as binding agents including various solutions and/or simply water. It is preferred that the binding agent is water which is atomised within the fluid bed agglomerator.
- the composition has a bulk density (BD) of up to about 0.8, up to about 0.75 or up to about 0.72.
- the composition may have a BD in the range of about 0.5 to about 0.8, or in the range of about 0.6 to about 0.8.
- the composition may have a BD of about 0.67, or about 0.70, or about 0.72.
- the composition has a moisture content of up to about 3%, up to about 2.7%, or up to about 1 %.
- the composition may have a moisture content in the range of about 0.2% to about 3%, or about 0.5% to about 2.9%, or about 0.6% to about 2.8%.
- the composition may have a moisture content of about 0.8%, about 2.2%, or about 2.7%.
- composition will preferably be for use in improving the gastrointestinal microbiota, and maintaining and/or improving gut barrier integrity in an individual.
- the improved gastrointestinal microbiota will preferably increase the quantity of desirable microbiota.
- the microbiota preferably comprises Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. More preferably, the microbiota comprises Bifidobacterium.
- the improved gastrointestinal microbiota resulting from the composition of the present invention may promote saccharolytic fermentation and/or reduces proteolysis.
- the improved gastrointestinal microbiota resulting from the composition of the present invention may also promote improve bowel function.
- faecal fermentation experiments conducted by the present inventors show that both XOS and inulin have a significant impact in enhancing faecal Bifidobacterium numbers.
- the XOS component is rapidly fermented and can enhance Bifidobacterium levels in the proximal-transverse colon, whereas the slowly fermented inulin can support their populations from transverse to the distal colon.
- Mg further enhances the health benefits to the individual and the combination of XOS and inulin allow for better bioavailability of Mg.
- the composition leads to improved bowel function which in turn decreases the presence and concentration of toxic metabolites.
- the individual may be a sports person or an individual undergoing athletic training.
- the sports person or an individual undergoing athletic training may be undergoing a high protein diet regime.
- sports person or “individual undergoing athletic training” is intended to mean any person who is exerting physical activity with a view to amateur or professional competition, including, but not limited to, those individuals wishing to build muscle mass.
- high protein diet regime is intended to mean an eating regime which incorporates a protein intake exceeding the recommended dietary intake. Such a protein intake will be determined by the sex and mass of the individual.
- the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is generally defined as 0.8 grams of protein per kg of body weight.
- the high protein diet regime will comprise the consumption of at least about 1 g of protein per day per kg of body weight.
- the high diet regime will comprise the consumption of at least about 1.4 g of protein per day per kg of body weight.
- the high diet regime comprises the consumption of about 1.4 g to about 2 g of protein per day per kg of body weight.
- the present inventions have found that a composition comprising inulin and XOS increases Bifidobacterium concentration. Bifidobacterium concentrations decline, and Mg levels are lower, in individuals who are undergoing athletic training and who are typically on a high protein diet.
- the composition of the present invention can be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations, and increase the bioavailability of Mg in those individuals who are undergoing athletic training and who are on a high protein diet.
- the composition could be incorporated into a protein bar or milkshake so as to help counterbalance the reduction in Bifidobacterium concentrations due to the high protein diet.
- the individual may be an aging individual.
- aging individual is intended to mean an individual who is of an age of at least 45 years of age or of at least 60 years of age. Whilst the benefits of consuming the composition will be more appropriate for individuals who are at least 60 years of age, the human body starts to undergo the aging process from 45 years of age onwards so it would be beneficial to consume the composition from 45 years of age. When an individual is at least 60 years of age, they will be subjected to more rapid muscle loss and sarcopenia.
- composition of the present invention could advantageously be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations, and increase the bioavailability of Mg, in those individuals.
- the composition of the present invention may be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations and reduce proteolysis in those aging individuals.
- the composition of the present invention can be utilised to promote saccharolytic fermentation throughout the colon and to reduce proteolysis.
- Proteolysis produces cellular toxins, carcinogenic and precarcinogenic compounds (ammonia, amines, indoles, phenols and hydrogen sulphide), which further damage the gut barrier.
- the composition of the present invention can reduce the formation of proteolysis metabolites and enhance their clearance from the body by supporting a regular bowel habit.
- the promotion of saccharolytic fermentation is applicable to athletes because of high protein intake and insufficient fibre in their diet.
- saccharolytic fermentation is also applicable to aging individuals as studies report that in comparison to young adults, the faecal microbiota of non-institutionalised elderly showed an increase in proteolytic potential, but decreased saccharolytic potential with a low abundance of genes encoding steps in shortchain fatty acids production pathways.
- the inulin is derived from chicory and/or the XOS is derived from maize.
- the Mg may be in a number of forms, such as carbonate, chloride, citrate, dicitrate, gluconate, glycerophosphate, lactate, oxide, phosphate, dictrate, hydrogen citrate, hydrogen phosphate and sulphate.
- the Mg is in the form of chloride, chloride 6 hydrate, citrate, dictrate or hydrogen citrate.
- the inulin and XOS may be present in a ratio in the range of about 4:1 to about 1 :1.
- the inulin and XOS may be present in a ratio in the range of about 3:1 to about 1 :1.
- the inulin and XOS are present in a ratio of about 2:1.
- the inulin and XOS and Mg may be present in a ratio in the range of a) about 13 to about 3 to about 1 ; and b) about 4.5 to about 3 to about 1 .
- the inulin and XOS and Mg is present in a ratio of about 6.5 to about 3 to about 1.
- the inulin may be present in an amount in the range of about 0.6g to about 4g. Preferably, the inulin is present in an amount in the range of about 0.6g to about 1.5g.
- the XOS may be present in an amount in the range of about 0.4g to about 2.6g. Preferably, the XOS is present in an amount in the range of about 0.4g to about 0.5g.
- the Mg is present in an amount in the range of about 18mg to about 120mg. Preferably, the Mg is present in an amount in the range of about 18mg to about 85mg.
- the Mg is present in an amount in the range of about 0.25 g to about 0.75 g.
- the Mg is present in an amount in the range of about 0.4 g to about 0.6 g.
- the Mg is present in an amount of about 0.5 g.
- the composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of inulin in an amount in the range of about 2g to about 12g.
- the composition is formulated so as to provide a daily dose of inulin in an amount in the range of about 3g to about 5g.
- the composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of XOS in the range of about 1 ,4g to about 8g.
- the composition is formulated so as to provide a daily dose of XOS in the range of about 1.4g to about 1.5g.
- the composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg in the range of about 55mg to about 350mg.
- the composition is formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg in the range of about 55mg to about 250mg.
- the composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg in the range of about 0.75 g to about 2.25 g.
- the composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg in the range of about 1 g to about 2 g.
- the composition is formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg of about 1.5 g-
- composition may be in the form of a powder, tablet, or capsule.
- composition may further comprise an excipient or carrier compound so as to modify the release profile of the inulin and/or XOS through the intestinal environment.
- the composition may be in the form of a food stuff or food additive.
- composition may be for use as a dietary supplement, for example to be blended with foods/drinks or consumed alongside foods/drinks.
- composition may further comprise one or more active ingredients selected from: vitamins, phytochemicals, further minerals, antioxidants, and combinations thereof.
- Vitamins may include fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin and combinations thereof.
- vitamins can include water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), the B vitamins (thiamine or B 1 , riboflavoin or B25 niacin or B3, pyridoxine or B6, folic acid or B9, cyanocobalimin or B12, pantothenic acid, biotin), and combinations thereof.
- Antioxidants may include but are not limited to ascorbic acid, citric acid, rosemary oil, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin E phosphate, tocopherols, di-alpha-tocopheryl phosphate, tocotrienols, alpha lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid, xanthophylls, beta cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, beta-carotene, carotenes, mixed carotenoids, polyphenols, fiavonoids, and combinations thereof.
- Further minerals may include, but are not limited to, sodium, chromium, iodine, iron, manganese, calcium, copper, fluoride, potassium, phosphorous, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, and combinations thereof. If a further mineral is provided, it is preferred that one or more further minerals are selected from either calcium or zinc.
- Phytochemicals may include but are not limited to cartotenoids, chlorophyll, chlorophyllin, fiber, flavanoids, anthocyamns, cyaniding, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, flavanols, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epigailocatechingallate, theaflavins, thearubigins, proanthocyanins, flavonols, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin, flavononeshesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, tangeretin, flavones, apigenin, luteolin, lignans, phytoestrogens, resveratrol, isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, glycitein, soy isoflavones, and combinations thereof.
- composition may be for use as a medicament.
- a method of producing a composition comprising combining XOS, inulin and Mg.
- composition of the method is preferably for use in improving the gastrointestinal microbiota, and maintaining and/or improving gut barrier integrity in an individual under conditions effective to enable agglomeration of the components into one or more granules.
- the XOS, inulin and Mg components are mixed under conditions so as to enable wet agglomeration of the components. Such mixing will preferably be conducted in a fluid bed agglomerator. In order to effect agglomeration, the XOS, inulin and Mg may be wetted prior to, during or after mixing.
- a number of wetting agents can be used from specialised ingestible wetting solutions or simply water. It is preferred that water is employed as the binding agent.
- the wetting agent is preferably atomised using an atomiser.
- the method preferably employs multiple fluidisation and drying cycles so as to build up the granules in a consistent manner. This helps to produce a consistently sized granules and also increases granule strength which assists with storage, transportation and subsequent processing into a final product.
- the composition made in the method has a bulk density (BD) of up to about 0.8, up to about 0.75 or up to about 0.72.
- the made in the method composition may have a BD in the range of about 0.5 to about 0.8, or in the range of about 0.6 to about 0.8.
- the composition made in the method may have a BD of about 0.67, or about 0.70, or about 0.72.
- the composition made in the method has a moisture content of up to about 3%, up to about 2.7%, or up to about 1 %.
- the composition made in the method may have a moisture content in the range of about 0.2% to about 3%, or about 0.5% to about 2.9%, or about 0.6% to about 2.8%.
- the composition made in the method may have a moisture content of about 0.8%, about 2.2%, or about 2.7%.
- the inulin is preferably derived from chicory and/or the XOS is derived from maize.
- the inulin and XOS may be combined in a ratio in the range of about 4:1 to about 1 :1.
- the inulin and XOS is combined in a ratio in the range of about 3: 1 to about 1 :1.
- the inulin and XOS are combined in a ratio of about 2:1 .
- the inulin and XOS and Mg may be present in a ratio in the range of a) about 13 to about 3 to about 1 ; and b) about 4.5 to about 3 to about 1 .
- the inulin and XOS and Mg is present in a ratio of about 6.5 to about 3 to about 1.
- Figure 1 are graphs showing the impact of XOS and inulin on gas produced by gut microbiome activity.
- Graph A shows the rate of gas production, whereas graph B shows the cumulative 24 hour gas production;
- Figure 2 are graphs showing the impact of XOS and inulin on the microbial composition of the gut microbiome over the course of 0, 10 and 24 hours.
- Graph A shows the composition of Bifidobacterium
- graph B shows the composition of Lactobacillus/Enterococcus
- graph C shows the composition of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii where the Y-axis for all graphs represents the concentration of cells/ml;
- Figure 3 are graphs showing the impact of XOS and inulin on organic acids produced by the microbial the gut microbiome over the course of 0, 10 and 24 hours.
- Graph A shows the production of acetate
- graph B shows the production of butyrate
- graph C shows the production of lactate
- graph D shows the production of propionate where the Y-axis for all graphs represents the concentration of organic acids in mM.
- Example 1 In vitro evaluation of dietary fibres for Inulin and XOS
- Inulin is a well established prebiotic with high degree of polymerisation. It can be derived from a number of sources, such as chicory, agave, globe artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke or mango.
- Inulin comprises p 1-2 glucose-fructose linkages. It is bifidogenic, highly soluble and advantageous during heat processing, as it reverts to oligofructose rather than monosaccharides. Inulin shows high persistence along the human large intestine, promoting the stimulation of bifidobacteria in the distal colon and improves mineral bioavailability of calcium and magnesium.
- Inulin has been shown to contribute to a normal digestive function and may help to maintain healthy blood cholesterol level, maintain healthy postprandial glucose level and to maintain healthy bowel function.
- XOS is an emerging prebiotic with low degree of polymerisation, generally derived from corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice straw, rice husk derived.
- XOS comprises p 1-4 xylose linkage molecules and has been shown to be bifidogenic, have a low DP and active in the proximal colon. It is high soluble and improves mineral bioavailability for calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron.
- XOS has a number of advantages when compared to other prebiotics. It is efficient at aiding the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and only requires a low dose to increase Bifidobacterium. XOS is selective for the proliferation of: B. adolescentis, B. longum, L. salivarius. XOS is heat and acid stable, has a low moisture activity, a low viscosity and results in low gas production.
- Mg is an essential mineral suitable for supplement and food applications and serves as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in biosynthetic processes. It is part of the Mg-ATP complex, is essential for oxidative phosphorylation and has roles in energy metabolism, mineral homeostasis, calcium metabolism, and neuromuscular and endocrine function. In the human body, 50 to 60% of Mg is located in the bone. Part of it is readily exchangeable with serum and therefore bone represents a Mg store. The remaining Mg is mainly intracellular; extracellular magnesium represents only 1% of the total Mg content of the body.
- Mg contributes to: a) a reduction of tiredness & fatigue; b) electrolyte balance; c) normal energy-yielding metabolism; d) normal functioning of the nervous system; e) normal muscle function; f) normal protein synthesis; g) normal psychological function; h) the maintenance of normal bones; i) the maintenance of normal teeth; and j) has a role in the process of cell division.
- Animal model studies have suggested that Mg itself can promote gut barrier integrity and upregulate the concentration of health positive gut microbes such as Lactobacillus Xia, Y., et. al., (2022) Front Immunol. 13: 874878).
- Non pH-controlled, anaerobic, faecal cultures were investigated to evaluate the rate of gas production and cumulative gas production over 24h in the presence of each test substrate. pH-controlled, anaerobic, faecal cultures were carried out to evaluate the impact of each test carbohydrate on gut microbiome composition and activity (organic acid production).
- the test carbohydrates were as follows: Inulin, Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), Xylooligosaccharides (XOS), gentiooligosaccharides (GeOS) and cellobiose.
- Lactate accumulation profiles suggest that XOS is rapidly utilised by lactate producing bacteria such as bifidobacteria, whereas inulin is utilised at significantly slower rates.
- Feeding bifidobacteria throughout the colon can have a number of beneficial effects, such as reducing pathogenic Clostridia in the proximal colon and increasing stool frequency.
- the composition of the present invention could be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations and increase bioavailability of Mg in individuals who are undergoing athletic training and who are on a high protein diet.
- the composition could be incorporated into a protein bar or milkshake so as to help counterbalance the reduction in Bifidobacterium concentrations due to the high protein diet and increase the bioavailability of Mg.
- the addition of Mg could further enhance the health benefits for the individual and would be readily available for absorption.
- the composition of the present invention could be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations and reduce proteolysis in those aging individuals.
- the composition of the present invention could be utilised to promote saccharolytic fermentation throughout the colon and to reduce proteolysis.
- Proteolysis produces cellular toxins, carcinogenic and precarcinogenic compounds (ammonia, amines, indoles, phenols and hydrogen sulphide), which further damage the gut barrier.
- the composition of the present invention could be employed to reduce the formation of proteolysis metabolites and enhance their clearance from the body by supporting a regular bowel habit.
- the promotion of saccharolytic fermentation is applicable to athletes because of high protein intake and insufficient fibre in their diet.
- saccharolytic fermentation is also applicable to aging individuals as studies report that in comparison to young adults, the faecal microbiota of non-institutionalised elderly showed an increase in proteolytic potential, but decreased saccharolytic potential with a low abundance of genes encoding steps in shortchain fatty acids production pathways.
- Enhancing Bifidobacterium and saccharolytic fermentation promotes the SCFA formation, thereby lowering the pH of intestinal luminal contents. Greater acidity in the colon is thought to prevent minerals like calcium and magnesium from forming insoluble complexes in the gut. The release of magnesium from these molecules increases the mineral’s bioavialability
- the composition of the present invention could be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations and reduce proteolysis in those aging individuals.
- the composition of the present invention could be utilised to promote saccharolytic fermentation throughout the colon and to reduce proteolysis.
- Proteolysis produces cellular toxins, carcinogenic and precarcinogenic compounds (ammonia, amines, indoles, phenols and hydrogen sulphide), which further damage the gut barrier.
- the composition of the present invention could be employed to reduce the formation of proteolysis metabolites and enhance their clearance from the body by supporting a regular bowel habit.
- the promotion of saccharolytic fermentation is applicable to athletes because of high protein intake and insufficient fibre in their diet.
- saccharolytic fermentation is also applicable to aging individuals as studies report that in comparison to young adults, the faecal microbiota of non-institutionalised elderly showed an increase in proteolytic potential, but decreased saccharolytic potential with a low abundance of genes encoding steps in shortchain fatty acids production pathways.
- formulations are examples of formulations which may be prepared and consumed as a formulation dose in a capsule, tablet or powder form or a pre-blend for subsequent formulation with a food product such as a protein bar or milkshake.
- Example Formulation D Inulin and XOS and Mg
- Example Formulation E Inulin and XOS and Mg
- Example Formulation F Inulin and XOS and Mg
- Example Formulation G Inulin and XOS and Mg
- formulations are intended to be administered once a day with water so as to provide a daily dose of each of the components.
- the formulations could be adapted so as to form multiple doses which collectively form the same daily dose of the components and the skilled addressee will appreciate that above formulations will simply be divided by the number of preferred daily doses.
- Formulation H Agglomerated Inulin and XOS and Mg (high inulin dose) (8.3g)
- Formulation I Agglomerated Inulin and XOS and Mg (medium inulin dose) (5. 1g)
- Formulation J Agglomerated Inulin and XOS and Mg (low inulin dose) (4.1g)
- Formulation K Blended Inulin and XOS and Mg (high inulin dose) (8.3g)
- Formulation L Blended Inulin and XOS and Mg (medium inulin dose) (5. 1g)
- Formulations H - M were dissolved in 250 ml of water at room temperature and pressure and included in a taste study.
- agglomerated Formulations I to J were found to be less sweet, had less metallic aftertaste and less sweet aftertaste compared to the respective non agglomerated blends of Formulations K to M.
- magnesium chloride is more granular than the high solubility inulin or the XOS. In light of this, the magnesium chloride would more easily separate out over longer periods of time or due to vibrational impact during transit. The agglomerated formulation would therefore remain more stable providing for a more robust product which would have a longer shelf-life.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to an agglomerated composition comprising xylooligosaccharides (XOS), inulin and magnesium (Mg). The composition is particularly suited for use in improving the gastrointestinal microbiota, and maintaining and/or improving gut barrier integrity, and increasing the bioavailability of Mg in an individual and has excellent handling properties and is easily dissolved in water. A method of preparing said agglomerated composition and the use of said agglomerated composition as a dietary supplement or a medicament are also disclosed.
Description
COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF
Field
The present invention relates to agglomerated compositions and formulations for use in improving gastrointestinal microbiota composition and activity, and maintaining and improving gut barrier integrity, so as to support the health and wellbeing of an individual. The present invention is particularly useful for older individuals and those individuals involved in amateur and professional sports.
Background
Gastrointestinal microbiota has been shown to confer several health benefit and there is a growing body of evidence linking metabolic diseases with the gut microbiota.
Certain functional fibres are resistant to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and therefore reach the colon and then undergo at least partial fermentation in the large intestine. If these functional fibres selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut microbiota, they are defined as prebiotics. It has been suggested that combining functional fibres may be useful in increasing the diversity of microbiota in the gut. For example, Lecerf, Jean-Michel, et al (2012) British Journal of Nutrition, 108, 1847-1858 describes that XOS in combination with inulin modulated both the intestinal environment and immune status in healthy subjects. EP2467145 discloses the effect of inulin and partially hydrolysed arabinoxylan (AXOS) on inflammation.
To achieve the desired prebiotic effect from inulin, it necessary to consume it in high quantities. However, consuming high quantities of inulin can create physiological issues, such as abdominal pain, and unwanted gas production. It is also difficult to formulate inulin in high doses as it cannot be incorporated into an easily administered capsule or tablet.
Formulating compositions having a number of different components can often pose a number of challenges in terms of product uniformity, solubility, dispersion, storage and ease of downstream processing. This can severely impact taste, texture, shelf life and quality control of finished products.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition which can be used for maintaining and/or improving gastrointestinal microbiota. It is desirable that such a composition has a consistent product presentation, improved flavour and mouthfeel. It
would be preferred if the resultant composition has high uniformity and dispersion of the components when consumed. It would also be desirable if the formulation was stable and had a long shelf life. Furthermore, it would be beneficial if the formulation were easy to transport and easy to formulate into a range of diverse products. It would be preferable that the composition could be easily formulated as either a medicament or a food supplement or formulated with a food supplement (such as a high protein milkshake or bar).
Summary of the Invention
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an agglomerated composition comprising xylooligosaccharides (XOS), inulin and magnesium (Mg).
The composition will preferably be formed by the wet agglomeration of the components. The agglomeration of the components may be batch or continuous by means of a fluid bed agglomerator. The fluid bed agglomerator may utilise a number of different materials as binding agents including various solutions and/or simply water. It is preferred that the binding agent is water which is atomised within the fluid bed agglomerator.
In certain embodiments, the composition has a bulk density (BD) of up to about 0.8, up to about 0.75 or up to about 0.72. The composition may have a BD in the range of about 0.5 to about 0.8, or in the range of about 0.6 to about 0.8. The composition may have a BD of about 0.67, or about 0.70, or about 0.72.
In some embodiments, the composition has a moisture content of up to about 3%, up to about 2.7%, or up to about 1 %. The composition may have a moisture content in the range of about 0.2% to about 3%, or about 0.5% to about 2.9%, or about 0.6% to about 2.8%. The composition may have a moisture content of about 0.8%, about 2.2%, or about 2.7%.
The composition will preferably be for use in improving the gastrointestinal microbiota, and maintaining and/or improving gut barrier integrity in an individual.
The improved gastrointestinal microbiota will preferably increase the quantity of desirable microbiota. The microbiota preferably comprises Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. More preferably, the microbiota comprises Bifidobacterium.
The improved gastrointestinal microbiota resulting from the composition of the present invention may promote saccharolytic fermentation and/or reduces proteolysis.
The improved gastrointestinal microbiota resulting from the composition of the present invention may also promote improve bowel function.
Advantageously, faecal fermentation experiments conducted by the present inventors show that both XOS and inulin have a significant impact in enhancing faecal Bifidobacterium numbers. The XOS component is rapidly fermented and can enhance Bifidobacterium levels in the proximal-transverse colon, whereas the slowly fermented inulin can support their populations from transverse to the distal colon. The addition of Mg further enhances the health benefits to the individual and the combination of XOS and inulin allow for better bioavailability of Mg. The composition leads to improved bowel function which in turn decreases the presence and concentration of toxic metabolites.
Furthermore, studies have shown that the combination of XOS with inulin has a similar effect as a high dose of inulin. This not only greatly reduces the side effects of consuming inulin in high doses (such as abdominal pain and gas production), but also allows inulin to be incorporated in a wider range of consumable formats (such as capsules or tablets). The present invention therefore provides for a means of reducing the dose of inulin, whilst maintaining similar positive effects of a high dose of inulin.
The individual may be a sports person or an individual undergoing athletic training. The sports person or an individual undergoing athletic training may be undergoing a high protein diet regime.
The term “sports person” or “individual undergoing athletic training” is intended to mean any person who is exerting physical activity with a view to amateur or professional competition, including, but not limited to, those individuals wishing to build muscle mass.
The term “high protein diet regime” is intended to mean an eating regime which incorporates a protein intake exceeding the recommended dietary intake. Such a protein intake will be determined by the sex and mass of the individual. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is generally defined as 0.8 grams of protein per kg of body weight. Generally speaking, the high protein diet regime will comprise the consumption of at least about 1 g of protein per day per kg of body weight. Preferably, the high diet regime will comprise the consumption of at least about 1.4 g of protein per day per kg of body weight. Most preferably, the high diet regime comprises the consumption of about 1.4 g to about 2 g of protein per day per kg of body weight.
Advantageously, the present inventions have found that a composition comprising inulin and XOS increases Bifidobacterium concentration. Bifidobacterium concentrations decline, and Mg levels are lower, in individuals who are undergoing athletic training and who are typically on a high protein diet. The composition of the present invention, can be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations, and increase the bioavailability of Mg in those individuals who are undergoing athletic training and who are on a high protein diet. Furthermore, the composition could be incorporated into a protein bar or milkshake so as to help counterbalance the reduction in Bifidobacterium concentrations due to the high protein diet.
Alternatively, the individual may be an aging individual.
The term “aging individual” is intended to mean an individual who is of an age of at least 45 years of age or of at least 60 years of age. Whilst the benefits of consuming the composition will be more appropriate for individuals who are at least 60 years of age, the human body starts to undergo the aging process from 45 years of age onwards so it would be beneficial to consume the composition from 45 years of age. When an individual is at least 60 years of age, they will be subjected to more rapid muscle loss and sarcopenia.
As it is known that there is a significant decline in Bifidobacterium concentrations, and lower Mg levels, in aging individuals, the composition of the present invention, could advantageously be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations, and increase the bioavailability of Mg, in those individuals. The composition of the present invention may be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations and reduce proteolysis in those aging individuals.
The composition of the present invention, can be utilised to promote saccharolytic fermentation throughout the colon and to reduce proteolysis. Proteolysis produces cellular toxins, carcinogenic and precarcinogenic compounds (ammonia, amines, indoles, phenols and hydrogen sulphide), which further damage the gut barrier. The composition of the present invention can reduce the formation of proteolysis metabolites and enhance their clearance from the body by supporting a regular bowel habit. The promotion of saccharolytic fermentation is applicable to athletes because of high protein intake and insufficient fibre in their diet. The promotion of saccharolytic fermentation is also applicable to aging individuals as studies report that in comparison to young adults, the faecal microbiota of non-institutionalised elderly showed an increase in proteolytic potential, but
decreased saccharolytic potential with a low abundance of genes encoding steps in shortchain fatty acids production pathways.
Preferably, the inulin is derived from chicory and/or the XOS is derived from maize. The Mg may be in a number of forms, such as carbonate, chloride, citrate, dicitrate, gluconate, glycerophosphate, lactate, oxide, phosphate, dictrate, hydrogen citrate, hydrogen phosphate and sulphate. Preferably, the Mg is in the form of chloride, chloride 6 hydrate, citrate, dictrate or hydrogen citrate.
The inulin and XOS may be present in a ratio in the range of about 4:1 to about 1 :1. Preferably, the inulin and XOS may be present in a ratio in the range of about 3:1 to about 1 :1. Most preferably, the inulin and XOS are present in a ratio of about 2:1.
The inulin and XOS and Mg may be present in a ratio in the range of a) about 13 to about 3 to about 1 ; and b) about 4.5 to about 3 to about 1 . Preferably, the inulin and XOS and Mg is present in a ratio of about 6.5 to about 3 to about 1.
The inulin may be present in an amount in the range of about 0.6g to about 4g. Preferably, the inulin is present in an amount in the range of about 0.6g to about 1.5g.
The XOS may be present in an amount in the range of about 0.4g to about 2.6g. Preferably, the XOS is present in an amount in the range of about 0.4g to about 0.5g.
In certain embodiments, the Mg is present in an amount in the range of about 18mg to about 120mg. Preferably, the Mg is present in an amount in the range of about 18mg to about 85mg.
In other embodiments, the Mg is present in an amount in the range of about 0.25 g to about 0.75 g. Preferably, the Mg is present in an amount in the range of about 0.4 g to about 0.6 g. Most preferably, the Mg is present in an amount of about 0.5 g. The composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of inulin in an amount in the range of about 2g to about 12g. Preferably, the composition is formulated so as to provide a daily dose of inulin in an amount in the range of about 3g to about 5g.
The composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of XOS in the range of about 1 ,4g to about 8g. Preferably, the composition is formulated so as to provide a daily dose of XOS in the range of about 1.4g to about 1.5g.
In certain embodiments, the composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg in the range of about 55mg to about 350mg. Preferably, the composition is formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg in the range of about 55mg to about 250mg.
In other embodiments, the composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg in the range of about 0.75 g to about 2.25 g. Preferably, the composition may be formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg in the range of about 1 g to about 2 g. Most preferably, the composition is formulated so as to provide a daily dose of Mg of about 1.5 g-
The composition may be in the form of a powder, tablet, or capsule.
The composition may further comprise an excipient or carrier compound so as to modify the release profile of the inulin and/or XOS through the intestinal environment.
The composition may be in the form of a food stuff or food additive.
The composition may be for use as a dietary supplement, for example to be blended with foods/drinks or consumed alongside foods/drinks.
The composition may further comprise one or more active ingredients selected from: vitamins, phytochemicals, further minerals, antioxidants, and combinations thereof.
Vitamins may include fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, vitamins can include water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), the B vitamins (thiamine or B 1 , riboflavoin or B25 niacin or B3, pyridoxine or B6, folic acid or B9, cyanocobalimin or B12, pantothenic acid, biotin), and combinations thereof.
Antioxidants may include but are not limited to ascorbic acid, citric acid, rosemary oil, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin E phosphate, tocopherols, di-alpha-tocopheryl phosphate, tocotrienols, alpha lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid, xanthophylls, beta cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, beta-carotene, carotenes, mixed carotenoids, polyphenols, fiavonoids, and combinations thereof.
Further minerals may include, but are not limited to, sodium, chromium, iodine, iron, manganese, calcium, copper, fluoride, potassium, phosphorous, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, and combinations thereof. If a further mineral is provided, it is preferred that one or more further minerals are selected from either calcium or zinc.
Phytochemicals may include but are not limited to cartotenoids, chlorophyll, chlorophyllin, fiber, flavanoids, anthocyamns, cyaniding, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, flavanols, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epigailocatechingallate, theaflavins, thearubigins, proanthocyanins, flavonols, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin, flavononeshesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, tangeretin, flavones, apigenin, luteolin, lignans, phytoestrogens, resveratrol, isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, glycitein, soy isoflavones, and combinations thereof.
The composition may be for use as a medicament.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provide a method of producing a composition, the method comprising combining XOS, inulin and Mg.
The composition of the method is preferably for use in improving the gastrointestinal microbiota, and maintaining and/or improving gut barrier integrity in an individual under conditions effective to enable agglomeration of the components into one or more granules.
It is preferred that the XOS, inulin and Mg components are mixed under conditions so as to enable wet agglomeration of the components. Such mixing will preferably be conducted in a fluid bed agglomerator. In order to effect agglomeration, the XOS, inulin and Mg may be wetted prior to, during or after mixing. A number of wetting agents can be used from specialised ingestible wetting solutions or simply water. It is preferred that water is employed as the binding agent. The wetting agent is preferably atomised using an atomiser. The method preferably employs multiple fluidisation and drying cycles so as to build up the granules in a consistent manner. This helps to produce a consistently sized granules and also increases granule strength which assists with storage, transportation and subsequent processing into a final product.
In certain embodiments, the composition made in the method has a bulk density (BD) of up to about 0.8, up to about 0.75 or up to about 0.72. The made in the method composition may have a BD in the range of about 0.5 to about 0.8, or in the range of about 0.6 to about 0.8. The composition made in the method may have a BD of about 0.67, or about 0.70, or about 0.72.
In some embodiments, the composition made in the method has a moisture content of up to about 3%, up to about 2.7%, or up to about 1 %. The composition made in the method may have a moisture content in the range of about 0.2% to about 3%, or about 0.5% to
about 2.9%, or about 0.6% to about 2.8%. The composition made in the method may have a moisture content of about 0.8%, about 2.2%, or about 2.7%.
The inulin is preferably derived from chicory and/or the XOS is derived from maize.
The inulin and XOS may be combined in a ratio in the range of about 4:1 to about 1 :1. Preferably, the inulin and XOS is combined in a ratio in the range of about 3: 1 to about 1 :1. Most preferably, the inulin and XOS are combined in a ratio of about 2:1 .
The inulin and XOS and Mg may be present in a ratio in the range of a) about 13 to about 3 to about 1 ; and b) about 4.5 to about 3 to about 1 . Preferably, the inulin and XOS and Mg is present in a ratio of about 6.5 to about 3 to about 1.
The invention is described below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures in which:
Figure 1 are graphs showing the impact of XOS and inulin on gas produced by gut microbiome activity. Graph A shows the rate of gas production, whereas graph B shows the cumulative 24 hour gas production;
Figure 2 are graphs showing the impact of XOS and inulin on the microbial composition of the gut microbiome over the course of 0, 10 and 24 hours. Graph A shows the composition of Bifidobacterium, graph B shows the composition of Lactobacillus/Enterococcus and graph C shows the composition of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii where the Y-axis for all graphs represents the concentration of cells/ml; and
Figure 3 are graphs showing the impact of XOS and inulin on organic acids produced by the microbial the gut microbiome over the course of 0, 10 and 24 hours. Graph A shows the production of acetate, graph B shows the production of butyrate, graph C shows the production of lactate and graph D shows the production of propionate where the Y-axis for all graphs represents the concentration of organic acids in mM.
Examples
Example 1 - In vitro evaluation of dietary fibres for Inulin and XOS
The impact on faecal microbiome composition and activity of Inulin and XOS was evaluated in vitro.
Inulin
Inulin is a well established prebiotic with high degree of polymerisation. It can be derived from a number of sources, such as chicory, agave, globe artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke or mango.
Inulin comprises p 1-2 glucose-fructose linkages. It is bifidogenic, highly soluble and advantageous during heat processing, as it reverts to oligofructose rather than monosaccharides. Inulin shows high persistence along the human large intestine, promoting the stimulation of bifidobacteria in the distal colon and improves mineral bioavailability of calcium and magnesium.
Inulin has been shown to contribute to a normal digestive function and may help to maintain healthy blood cholesterol level, maintain healthy postprandial glucose level and to maintain healthy bowel function.
XOS
XOS is an emerging prebiotic with low degree of polymerisation, generally derived from corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice straw, rice husk derived.
XOS comprises p 1-4 xylose linkage molecules and has been shown to be bifidogenic, have a low DP and active in the proximal colon. It is high soluble and improves mineral bioavailability for calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron.
XOS has a number of advantages when compared to other prebiotics. It is efficient at aiding the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and only requires a low dose to increase Bifidobacterium. XOS is selective for the proliferation of: B. adolescentis, B. longum, L. salivarius. XOS is heat and acid stable, has a low moisture activity, a low viscosity and results in low gas production.
Mfl
Mg is an essential mineral suitable for supplement and food applications and serves as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in biosynthetic processes. It is part of the Mg-ATP complex, is essential for oxidative phosphorylation and has roles in energy metabolism, mineral homeostasis, calcium metabolism, and neuromuscular and endocrine function.
In the human body, 50 to 60% of Mg is located in the bone. Part of it is readily exchangeable with serum and therefore bone represents a Mg store. The remaining Mg is mainly intracellular; extracellular magnesium represents only 1% of the total Mg content of the body.
Mg contributes to: a) a reduction of tiredness & fatigue; b) electrolyte balance; c) normal energy-yielding metabolism; d) normal functioning of the nervous system; e) normal muscle function; f) normal protein synthesis; g) normal psychological function; h) the maintenance of normal bones; i) the maintenance of normal teeth; and j) has a role in the process of cell division. Animal model studies have suggested that Mg itself can promote gut barrier integrity and upregulate the concentration of health positive gut microbes such as Lactobacillus Xia, Y., et. al., (2022) Front Immunol. 13: 874878).
Evaluation of dietary fibres
The impact on faecal microbiome composition and activity of Inulin and XOS, together with a selection of structurally diverse bifidogenic dietary fibres and prebiotics was evaluated in a series of in vitro faecal culture experiments.
Non pH-controlled, anaerobic, faecal cultures were investigated to evaluate the rate of gas production and cumulative gas production over 24h in the presence of each test substrate. pH-controlled, anaerobic, faecal cultures were carried out to evaluate the impact of each test carbohydrate on gut microbiome composition and activity (organic acid production). The test carbohydrates were as follows: Inulin, Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), Xylooligosaccharides (XOS), gentiooligosaccharides (GeOS) and cellobiose.
All carbohydrates were tested in parallel, using the same faecal sample from a healthy donor. Fermentations were repeated using the faecal samples of each of 6 donors. Faeces in the absence of test substrate were used as the negative control in each run.
With reference to Figure 1 , the experiments concluded that the non pH-controlled cultures showed that XOS fermentations produced the lowest rate and cumulative gas production. For inulin, the rate of gas production showed a more prolonged gas evolution pattern suggesting slower fermentation. The rate of gas production for cellobiose was significantly higher compared to all test substrates.
With reference to Figure 2, the experiments concluded that for the pH-controlled cultures, significant increases were observed in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus with all test substrates compared to the negative control (faeces).
Inulin supported further growth in Bifidobacterium & Lactobacillus between 10 and 24h suggesting prolonged fermentation activity. Inulin supported significant increases in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii numbers at 24h, whilst no significant effect was observed in the pathogenic group of Clostridium histolyticum.
With reference to Figure 3, the experiments concluded that for pH-controlled cultures, high levels of lactate were produced with XOS, Cellobiose, GeOS and FOS, and this reflects the high fermentation rates leading to lactate accumulation. Lactate accumulation was significantly lower in inulin cultures suggesting it is slowly fermented. Acetate was the main SCFA produced by all test substrates. Inulin produced significantly higher levels of propionate compared to all test substrates.
Conclusions
In vitro faecal fermentation experiments suggest both XOS and Inulin have a significant impact in enhancing faecal Bifidobacterium numbers.
Lactate accumulation profiles suggest that XOS is rapidly utilised by lactate producing bacteria such as bifidobacteria, whereas inulin is utilised at significantly slower rates.
The results of the experiments suggest that inulin and XOS are good candidates to combine so as to support Bifidobacterium enrichment in the human colon, as XOS is rapidly fermented and can enhance Bifidobacterium levels in the proximal-transverse colon and the slowly fermented inulin can support their populations from transverse to the distal colon.
Feeding bifidobacteria throughout the colon can have a number of beneficial effects, such as reducing pathogenic Clostridia in the proximal colon and increasing stool frequency.
It is known that there is a significant decline in Bifidobacterium concentrations and Mg levels in aging individuals. This can be due to a number of factors, such as physiological changes (e.g. loss of taste and smell), dietary choices and malnutrition, use of antibiotics and other prescription drugs and changes to physical activity and hormone levels. Therefore the composition of the present invention, could be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations in aging individuals and increase the bioavailability of Mg. The addition of
Mg could further enhance the health benefits for the individual and would be readily available for absorption.
It is also believed that Bifidobacterium concentrations decline in individuals who are undergoing athletic training (whether amateur or professional) and who are typically on a high protein diet. The composition of the present invention, could be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations and increase bioavailability of Mg in individuals who are undergoing athletic training and who are on a high protein diet. The composition could be incorporated into a protein bar or milkshake so as to help counterbalance the reduction in Bifidobacterium concentrations due to the high protein diet and increase the bioavailability of Mg. The addition of Mg could further enhance the health benefits for the individual and would be readily available for absorption.
The composition of the present invention could be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations and reduce proteolysis in those aging individuals. In particular, the composition of the present invention, could be utilised to promote saccharolytic fermentation throughout the colon and to reduce proteolysis. Proteolysis produces cellular toxins, carcinogenic and precarcinogenic compounds (ammonia, amines, indoles, phenols and hydrogen sulphide), which further damage the gut barrier. The composition of the present invention could be employed to reduce the formation of proteolysis metabolites and enhance their clearance from the body by supporting a regular bowel habit. The promotion of saccharolytic fermentation is applicable to athletes because of high protein intake and insufficient fibre in their diet. The promotion of saccharolytic fermentation is also applicable to aging individuals as studies report that in comparison to young adults, the faecal microbiota of non-institutionalised elderly showed an increase in proteolytic potential, but decreased saccharolytic potential with a low abundance of genes encoding steps in shortchain fatty acids production pathways.
Enhancing Bifidobacterium and saccharolytic fermentation promotes the SCFA formation, thereby lowering the pH of intestinal luminal contents. Greater acidity in the colon is thought to prevent minerals like calcium and magnesium from forming insoluble complexes in the gut. The release of magnesium from these molecules increases the mineral’s bioavialability
The composition of the present invention could be utilised to maintain Bifidobacterium concentrations and reduce proteolysis in those aging individuals. In particular, the composition of the present invention, could be utilised to promote saccharolytic fermentation throughout the colon and to reduce proteolysis. Proteolysis produces cellular toxins,
carcinogenic and precarcinogenic compounds (ammonia, amines, indoles, phenols and hydrogen sulphide), which further damage the gut barrier. The composition of the present invention could be employed to reduce the formation of proteolysis metabolites and enhance their clearance from the body by supporting a regular bowel habit. The promotion of saccharolytic fermentation is applicable to athletes because of high protein intake and insufficient fibre in their diet. The promotion of saccharolytic fermentation is also applicable to aging individuals as studies report that in comparison to young adults, the faecal microbiota of non-institutionalised elderly showed an increase in proteolytic potential, but decreased saccharolytic potential with a low abundance of genes encoding steps in shortchain fatty acids production pathways.
Example 2 - Combination Formulations of Inulin and XOS and Mg
The following formulations are examples of formulations which may be prepared and consumed as a formulation dose in a capsule, tablet or powder form or a pre-blend for subsequent formulation with a food product such as a protein bar or milkshake.
5g inulin
1 ,4g XOS
3g inulin
1 ,5g XOS
3g inulin
1 ,4g XOS
200mg Mg
Example Formulation D: Inulin and XOS and Mg
5g inulin
1 ,5g XOS
350mg Mg
Example Formulation E: Inulin and XOS and Mg
2g - 12g inulin
1 ,4g - 8g XOS
55mg - 250mg Mg
Example Formulation F: Inulin and XOS and Mg
2g inulin
1 ,4g XOS
56.25mg
Example Formulation G: Inulin and XOS and Mg
12g inulin
8g XOS
350mg Mg
All of the above example formulations are intended to be administered once a day with water so as to provide a daily dose of each of the components. However, if desired, the formulations could be adapted so as to form multiple doses which collectively form the same daily dose of the components and the skilled addressee will appreciate that above formulations will simply be divided by the number of preferred daily doses.
Individual doses were prepared as in an agglomerated or blended forms:
Formulation H: Agglomerated Inulin and XOS and Mg (high inulin dose) (8.3g)
. 6.4g HSI inulin = 77%
. 1.4g XOS = 16.9%
. 0.5g MgCI2 = 6.0%
Analysis concluded that this agglomerated formulation had a Bulk Density (BD) of 0.67 and a moisture content of 2.7%.
Formulation I: Agglomerated Inulin and XOS and Mg (medium inulin dose) (5. 1g)
. 3.2g HSI inulin = 62.7%
. 1 ,4g XOS = 27.5%
. 0.5g MgCI2 = 9.8%
Analysis concluded that this agglomerated formulation had a BD of 0.72 and a moisture content of 0.84%.
Formulation J: Agglomerated Inulin and XOS and Mg (low inulin dose) (4.1g)
. 2.2g HSI inulin = 53.7%
. 1.4g XOS = 34.1 %
. 0.5g MgCI2 = 12.2%
Analysis concluded that this agglomerated formulation had a BD of 0.70 and a moisture content of 2.26%.
Formulation K: Blended Inulin and XOS and Mg (high inulin dose) (8.3g)
• 6.4g HSI inulin = 77%
. 1.4g XOS = 16.9%
. 0.5g MgCI2 = 6.0%
Formulation L: Blended Inulin and XOS and Mg (medium inulin dose) (5. 1g)
• 3.2g HSI inulin = 62.7%
. 1 ,4g XOS = 27.5%
. 0.5g MgCI2 = 9.8%
Formulation M: Blended Inulin and XOS and Mg (low inulin dose) (4. 1g)
2.2g HSI inulin = 53.7%
1.4g XOS = 34.1 %
0.5g MgCI2 = 12.2%
Formulations H - M were dissolved in 250 ml of water at room temperature and pressure and included in a taste study.
In the study, 60% of participants preferred the medium inulin dose of Formulations I and L and reported: no bitterness; less lingering sweet aftertaste; less metallic aftertaste; and a balanced flavour profile. When comparing Formulations I and L, it was found that Formulation I was less sweet, and had a less sweet aftertaste and more neutral flavour profile when compared to Formulation L.
Overall, agglomerated Formulations I to J were found to be less sweet, had less metallic aftertaste and less sweet aftertaste compared to the respective non agglomerated blends of Formulations K to M. Across all Formulations H to M, sweetness was found to be: medium inulin< low inulin < high inulin, whereas lingering sweet aftertaste was found to be: low inulin = medium inulin< high inulin.
Whilst agglomerated Formulations H to J and blended Formulations K to M were soluble at all test doses, there was a distinct improvement in the time required to fully dissolve each sample with the agglomerated Formulations H to J when compared to its respective blended Formulations K to M. It was also noted that the high inulin doses (of both blended and agglomerated Formulations K and H) required significantly longer time to fully dissolved compared to the low and medium inulin doses.
In the blended formulation, magnesium chloride is more granular than the high solubility inulin or the XOS. In light of this, the magnesium chloride would more easily separate out over longer periods of time or due to vibrational impact during transit. The agglomerated formulation would therefore remain more stable providing for a more robust product which would have a longer shelf-life.
The optional features set out herein may be used either individually or in combination with each other where appropriate and particularly in the combinations as set out in the accompanying claims. The optional features for each aspect or exemplary embodiment of the invention as set out herein are also to be read as applicable to any other aspect or exemplary embodiments of the invention, where appropriate. In other words, the skilled person reading this specification should consider the optional features for each exemplary
embodiment of the invention as interchangeable and combinable between different exemplary embodiments.
Attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
Claims
1. An agglomerated composition comprising xylooligosaccharides (XOS), inulin and magnesium (Mg).
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is formed by the wet agglomeration of the components.
3. The composition as claimed in either claim 1 or 2, wherein the agglomeration of the components is by batch or continuous by means of a fluid bed agglomerate.
4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the fluid bed agglomerator utilises water as a binding agent.
5. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition has a bulk density (BD) of up to about 0.8.
6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the composition has a BD of up to about 0.75.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the composition has a BD of up to about 0.72.
8. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition has a moisture content of up to about 3%.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition has a moisture content of up to about 2.7%.
10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the composition has a moisture content of up to about 1 %.
11. The composition of any preceding claim, for use in improving the gastrointestinal microbiota, and maintaining and/or improving gut barrier integrity in an individual.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the improved gastrointestinal microbiota increases the quantity of desirable microbiota.
13. The composition of either claim 11 or 12, wherein the microbiota comprises Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.
14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the microbiota comprises Bifidobacterium.
15. The composition of any of claims 11 to 14, wherein the individual is a sports person or an individual undergoing athletic training.
16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the individual is undergoing a high protein diet regime.
17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the high protein diet regime comprises the consumption of at least about 1.4 g of protein per day per kg of body weight.
18. The composition of any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the individual is an aging individual.
19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the individual is of an age of at least 45 years of age, or at least 60 years of age.
20. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the inulin is derived from chicory.
21. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the XOS is derived from maize.
22. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the Mg is in the form of chloride, chloride 6 hydrate, citrate, dictrate or hydrogen citrate.
23. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the inulin and XOS and Mg is present in a ratio of about 6.5:3: 1.
24. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the inulin is present in an amount in the range of about 0.6g to about 4g.
25. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the XOS is present in an amount in the range of about 0.4g to about 2.6g.
26. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the Mg is present in an amount in the range of about 0.25 g to about 0.75 g.
27. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition is in the form of a capsule.
28. The composition of claim 27, wherein the composition further comprises an excipient or carrier compound to modify the release profile of the inulin and/or XOS through the intestinal environment.
29. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition is in the form of a food stuff or food additive.
30. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 28, for use as a dietary supplement.
31. The composition of any preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises one or more active ingredients selected from: vitamins, further minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, and combinations thereof.
32. The composition of 36, wherein the one or more further minerals are selected from: calcium and zinc.
33. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 28, for use as a medicament.
34. A method of producing a composition for use in improving the gastrointestinal microbiota, and maintaining and/or improving gut barrier integrity in an individual, the method comprising combining XOS and inulin and Mg under conditions effective to enable agglomeration of the components into one or more granules.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the XOS, inulin and Mg components are mixed under conditions so as to enable wet agglomeration of the components.
36. The method of either claim 34 or 35, wherein the XOS, inulin and Mg components are mixed in a fluid bed agglomerator.
37. The method of either claim 35 or 36, wherein the XOS, inulin and Mg components are wetted using water as the binding agent.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein the water is atomised.
39. The method of any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the one or more granules comprise a homogenous mixture of the XOS, inulin and Mg components.
40. The method of any one of claims 34 to 39, wherein the composition has a BD of up to about 0.8.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the composition has a BD of up to about 0.75.
42. The method of claim 41 , wherein the composition has a BD of up to about 0.72.
43. The method of any one of claims 34 to 42, wherein the composition has a moisture content of up to about 3%.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein the composition has a moisture content of up to about 2.7%.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein the composition has a moisture content of up to about 1 %.
46. The method of any one of claims 34 to 45, wherein the inulin is derived from chicory.
47. The method of any one of claims 34 to 46, wherein the XOS is derived from maize.
48. The method of any one of claims 34 to 47, wherein the Mg is in the form of chloride, chloride 6 hydrate, citrate, dictrate or hydrogen citrate.
49. The method of any one of claims 34 to 48, wherein the inulin and XOS are combined in a ratio in the range of about 4: 1 to about 1:1.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein the inulin and XOS are combined in a ratio of about 2:1.
51. The method of any one of claims 34 to 50, wherein the inulin and XOS and Mg is present in a ratio of about 6.5:3: 1.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2210107.5 | 2022-07-10 | ||
GBGB2210107.5A GB202210107D0 (en) | 2022-07-10 | 2022-07-10 | Compositions and uses thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2024013480A1 true WO2024013480A1 (en) | 2024-01-18 |
Family
ID=84539840
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2023/051808 WO2024013480A1 (en) | 2022-07-10 | 2023-07-10 | Compositions and uses thereof |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB202210107D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2024013480A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2467145A1 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2012-06-27 | Cosucra-groupe Warcoing Sa | Compositions containing mixtures of fermentable fibers |
CN105687850A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-22 | 吴利华 | Probiotic particles and preparing method thereof |
CN107752015A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-06 | 威海红印食品科技有限公司 | The composite nutrient food that a kind of all-digestive tract improves |
CN109157651A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-08 | 内蒙古科技大学包头医学院 | Composition with immunoregulation effect |
CN109770146A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-05-21 | 广东微量元素生物科技有限公司 | A kind of auxiliary repairs the probiotics crystallite medicinal granules of powder and preparation method thereof of gastric mucosa |
CN110151796A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-23 | 中科宜康(北京)生物科技有限公司 | A kind of probiotics forming easy lean body mass and prebiotic compositions and its application |
CN110959794A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-07 | 陕西森弗天然制品有限公司 | Production method of inulin solid beverage |
WO2022034347A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-17 | Optibiotix Limited | Compositions and methods of production thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-07-10 GB GBGB2210107.5A patent/GB202210107D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2023
- 2023-07-10 WO PCT/GB2023/051808 patent/WO2024013480A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2467145A1 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2012-06-27 | Cosucra-groupe Warcoing Sa | Compositions containing mixtures of fermentable fibers |
CN105687850A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-22 | 吴利华 | Probiotic particles and preparing method thereof |
CN107752015A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-06 | 威海红印食品科技有限公司 | The composite nutrient food that a kind of all-digestive tract improves |
CN109157651A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-08 | 内蒙古科技大学包头医学院 | Composition with immunoregulation effect |
CN109770146A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-05-21 | 广东微量元素生物科技有限公司 | A kind of auxiliary repairs the probiotics crystallite medicinal granules of powder and preparation method thereof of gastric mucosa |
CN110151796A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-23 | 中科宜康(北京)生物科技有限公司 | A kind of probiotics forming easy lean body mass and prebiotic compositions and its application |
CN110959794A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-07 | 陕西森弗天然制品有限公司 | Production method of inulin solid beverage |
WO2022034347A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-17 | Optibiotix Limited | Compositions and methods of production thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
DATABASE GNPD [online] MINTEL; 18 September 2012 (2012-09-18), ANONYMOUS: "ENM Enzyme Powder", XP093080484, retrieved from https://www.gnpd.com/sinatra/recordpage/1875444/ Database accession no. 1875444 * |
DATABASE GNPD [online] MINTEL; 8 June 2018 (2018-06-08), ANONYMOUS: "Lac-6 Apple Flavoured Lactobacteria Granules Powder", XP093080490, retrieved from https://www.gnpd.com/sinatra/recordpage/5726875/ Database accession no. 5726875 * |
JEAN-MICHEL ET AL., BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, vol. 108, 2012, pages 1847 - 1858 |
XIA, Y., FRONT IMMUNOL., vol. 13, 2022, pages 874878 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB202210107D0 (en) | 2022-08-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6728048B2 (en) | Composition | |
Vanek et al. | ASPEN position paper: recommendations for changes in commercially available parenteral multivitamin and multi–trace element products | |
US9180148B2 (en) | Metallo-lactoferrin-coenzyme compositions and methods for weight management | |
US6774111B1 (en) | Carbohydrate system and a method for providing nutrition to a diabetic | |
KR101021431B1 (en) | Use of pullulan as a slowly digested carbohydrate | |
WO2004022074A1 (en) | Nutritional compositions comprising a non-glucose carbohydrate or pectin and soluble fiber | |
JP2008247748A (en) | Nutritive composition for dialysis patient | |
Qin et al. | Pathways in formulating foods for the elderly | |
CN107712909A (en) | A kind of iron zinc Muti-vitamine Oral Solution | |
EP2294932B1 (en) | Carbohydrate mixture and the use thereof for preparing a product for oral or enteral nutrition | |
CN109770365A (en) | One kind of multiple chewable vitamin tablets and preparation method thereof | |
WO2024013480A1 (en) | Compositions and uses thereof | |
US20230292806A1 (en) | Compositions and methods of production thereof | |
WO2024013479A1 (en) | Compositions and uses thereof | |
JPWO2004084919A1 (en) | Food for pathological improvement that reduces the concentration of low molecular weight nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood | |
CN114680339A (en) | Nutritional supplement for improving muscle attenuation and delaying senescence and application thereof | |
WO2024013481A1 (en) | Compositions and uses thereof | |
CN113615740A (en) | Meal replacement milk shake capable of controlling energy and regulating emotion and preparation method thereof | |
CN106036387A (en) | Super chenopodium quinoa willd nutritional packet for promoting growth of children | |
KR20190113685A (en) | Manufacturing method of companion animal feed utilizing rice with enhanced resistant starch | |
KR20190053738A (en) | Manufacturing method of companion animal feed utilizing rice with enhanced resistant starch | |
KR102531783B1 (en) | Composition for Improving intestine function comprising 'Noeulchal'sorghum | |
WO2024201522A1 (en) | Nutraceutical composition for oral administration | |
CN111466565A (en) | Sea cucumber peptide formula food with special medical application and preparation method thereof | |
CN118077904A (en) | Special medical purpose fluid formula food and preparation method and application thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23744538 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |