WO2024012633A1 - Procédé et dispositif de mesure pour déterminer une densité ou une mesure associée d'un fluide, procédé pour déterminer la pureté ou une mesure associée d'un fluide, utilisation et unité de fourniture de fluide - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de mesure pour déterminer une densité ou une mesure associée d'un fluide, procédé pour déterminer la pureté ou une mesure associée d'un fluide, utilisation et unité de fourniture de fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024012633A1
WO2024012633A1 PCT/DE2023/100520 DE2023100520W WO2024012633A1 WO 2024012633 A1 WO2024012633 A1 WO 2024012633A1 DE 2023100520 W DE2023100520 W DE 2023100520W WO 2024012633 A1 WO2024012633 A1 WO 2024012633A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
flow
measuring device
flowing
measuring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2023/100520
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Strohmann
Torsten Haug
Original Assignee
Esters-Elektronik GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Esters-Elektronik GmbH filed Critical Esters-Elektronik GmbH
Publication of WO2024012633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024012633A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
    • G01F1/3227—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters using fluidic oscillators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
    • G01F1/3209—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters using Karman vortices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
    • G01F1/325—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl
    • G01F1/3259—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl for detecting fluid pressure oscillations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
    • G01F1/325—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl
    • G01F1/3273—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl for detecting fluid speed oscillations by thermal sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
    • G01F1/325—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl
    • G01F1/3282—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl for detecting variations in infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic waves, due to modulation by passing through the swirling fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/363—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction with electrical or electro-mechanical indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G01F1/42—Orifices or nozzles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
    • G01N2009/006—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis vibrating tube, tuning fork

Definitions

  • Method and measuring device for determining a density or a measure thereof of a fluid for determining the purity or a measure thereof of a fluid, use and fluid supply unit
  • the present invention relates to a method for determining a density or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for determining the purity or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line.
  • the present invention also relates to a measuring device for determining a density or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a measuring device and a fluid supply unit.
  • the density can be determined using a Coriolis mass flow meter.
  • the corresponding devices are relatively complex and comparatively expensive.
  • the object is achieved by the invention according to a first aspect in that a method for determining a density or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line, the method comprising:
  • Determining a differential pressure in the flowing measurement fluid caused by the cross-sectional taper Determining a frequency of at least one periodic flow movement carried out by at least parts of the measuring fluid at least indirectly and/or at least partially due to the disruptive body as a specific frequency;
  • Determining the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing through the flow line based at least on the determined differential pressure and the determined specific frequency is proposed.
  • the invention is therefore based on the surprising finding that an evaluation of the periodic flow behavior of the flowing fluid, mediated by the disruptive body, provides information about the volume flow of the flowing fluid, so that in interaction with the variables differential pressure and density, which are also related to the volume flow, a determination can be made a density or a measure thereof of the flowing fluid is made possible.
  • the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing through the flow line can be determined particularly easily and reliably as well as precisely. This can also be done using particularly inexpensive means.
  • ordinary differential pressure sensors can be used to determine the differential pressure within the measuring device.
  • the measuring device can also be constructed simply, provided that it advantageously provides for the cross-sectional taper and the disruptive body accordingly.
  • the differential pressure is caused in particular by the fact that the flow path along which the measuring fluid is guided has a narrowing of the flow cross section.
  • a cross-sectional taper leads to a changed flow velocity of the fluid flowing through this cross-sectional taper and to changed pressure conditions before, after and within the cross-sectional taper. Consequently, a differential pressure can be determined between two positions with a flowing fluid.
  • the cross-sectional taper is located in front of the obstruction body, in particular along the flow direction of the measuring fluid.
  • the cross-sectional taper can advantageously also be used to adjust the flow of the measuring fluid onto the disruptive body.
  • the disruptive body is therefore advantageously a flow-dividing disruptive body. With the disruptive body, the flowing measuring fluid can then be divided into two partial streams.
  • determining the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing through the flow line involves processing the determined differential pressure and the determined specific frequency by exploiting, on the one hand, the volume flow guided through the measuring device is proportional to that Relationship with the differential pressure Ap and the density p, and that on the other hand the specific frequency is dependent on, in particular proportional to, the volume flow.
  • determining the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing through the flow line includes a relationship between the density or a measure thereof, the specific frequency and the differential pressure.
  • This relationship (in particular a proportionality factor) can, for example, be determined or determined empirically and/or be the result of at least one calibration.
  • Flow line arrangement is preferably determined empirically and/or as a result of at least one calibration.
  • the specific frequency is an instantaneous frequency and/or a frequency of the periodic flow movement averaged over a certain period of time (for example during a period of time necessary to determine the specific frequency, for example from measurements).
  • the proposed method can advantageously work largely or even completely without wear, provided that no parts have to be moved mechanically.
  • the proposed method can be used to continuously monitor the flowing fluid.
  • the portion of the flowing fluid is branched off from the flow line.
  • the branched-off part is returned to the flow line or the environment.
  • the inlet and/or the outlet of the measuring device can advantageously be fluidly connected to the flow line.
  • the flow line preferably has a cross-sectional taper (for example a constriction, a diaphragm and/or the like), which is designed to branch off the part of the flowing fluid from the flow line and/or to supply it to the measuring device.
  • the entire fluid flowing through the flow line is passed through the measuring device as measuring fluid.
  • fluid from the flow line is permanently passed through the measuring device as measuring fluid. In another embodiment, fluid from the flow line is passed through the measuring device as measuring fluid only for a certain period of time and/or periodically.
  • the method can advantageously be used universally in a variety of different situations.
  • the density or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line of a fluid supply unit can be determined during a supply process.
  • the fluid can be hydrogen.
  • the density or a measure thereof of the fluid provided during a provision process can be determined.
  • the density or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through an LNG flow line can be determined.
  • the fluid can be liquefied natural gas.
  • the density or a measure thereof of the liquefied natural gas delivered to or from an LNG terminal can be determined. It is particularly advantageous, not only but also in an LNG flow line such as the one described above, to determine the calorific value and/or the calorific value of the flowing fluid based on the specific density. For example, the calorific value and/or calorific value of the liquefied natural gas delivered to or from an LNG terminal can be determined.
  • the density or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line of a biogas plant can be determined.
  • the fluid can be a gas mixture, in particular a biogas mixture. This means that the density or a measure of the biogas produced by the biogas plant can be determined.
  • the density or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line of a sewage treatment plant can be determined.
  • the fluid can be a liquid mixture and/or a gas mixture, in particular a gas mixture comprising methane and/or other gases. This allows the density or a measure of the methane produced by the sewage treatment plant to be determined.
  • the density or a measure thereof can also be determined for applications such as monitoring compressed air in industrial processes and/or monitoring process gases in melting furnaces or chemical reactors.
  • the mass of the fluid flowing through the flow line and/or measuring device in particular during a specific period of time, can optionally be determined based on the specific density.
  • the determination of the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing through the flow line is carried out in whole or in part based on at least the determined differential pressure and the determined specific frequency by means of at least a first computing unit.
  • the measuring device can have the first computing unit and/or be or be able to be operatively connected to such a unit.
  • the fluid flowing in the flow line is a liquid, a gas, in particular hydrogen, methane and/or oxygen, and/or a mixture, for example a, preferably binary, gas mixture, in particular comprising hydrogen, oxygen and/or methane, a liquid mixture, in particular a fuel mixture, an oil mixture and/or a lubricant mixture.
  • a gas in particular hydrogen, methane and/or oxygen
  • a mixture for example a, preferably binary, gas mixture, in particular comprising hydrogen, oxygen and/or methane, a liquid mixture, in particular a fuel mixture, an oil mixture and/or a lubricant mixture.
  • the flow line is a closed pipeline.
  • the flow line is a pressure line and/or the fluid flowing therein has a, in particular absolute, fluid pressure of more than 0 bar, preferably 0.1 bar or more, preferably 0.5 bar or more, preferably 1 bar or more, preferably 3 bar or more, preferably 5 bar or more, preferably 10 bar or more, preferably 50 bar or more, preferably 100 bar or more, preferably 300 bar or more, preferably 500 bar or more, and/or a, in particular absolute, fluid pressure of 1,000 bar or less, preferably of 500 bar or less, preferably of 300 bar or less, preferably of 100 bar or less, preferably of 50 bar or less, preferably of 30 bar or less, preferably from 10 bar or less, preferably from 5 bar or less, preferably from 1 bar or less.
  • the, in particular absolute, fluid pressure is between 0.1 bar and 1,000 bar, in particular between 0.1 bar and 100 bar or between 100 bar and 1,000 bar.
  • the flow line is a pressure line and/or there is a pressure difference of 0.1 mbar or more, preferably of 1 mbar or more, preferably of 10 mbar or more, preferably of 50 mbar or more, preferably of 100 mbar or more , preferably of 1 bar or more, preferably of 5 bar or more, preferably of 10 bar or more, preferably of 100 bar or more, preferably of 300 bar or more, preferably of 500 bar or more, and / or a pressure difference of 1,000 bar or less, preferably 500 bar or less, preferably 300 bar or less, preferably 100 bar or less, preferably 50 bar or less, preferably 30 bar or less, preferably 10 bar or less, preferably 5 bar or less, preferably from 1 bar or less, preferably from 100 mbar or less, preferably from 50 mbar or less, preferably from 10 mbar or or
  • At least part of the fluid flowing through the flow line is continuously passed through the measuring device as measuring fluid, and the pressure difference and/or the specific frequency is determined. This makes continuous density measurement possible.
  • At least part of the fluid flowing through the flow line is passed through the measuring device as measuring fluid and/or the density or a measure thereof, in particular, during a defined or definable period of time and/or periodically recurring, in particular during a defined or definable period of time including determining the differential pressure and/or the specific frequency.
  • At least part of the fluid flowing through the flow line is passed through the measuring device as measuring fluid at least temporarily and/or the density or a measure thereof is determined, in particular including determining the differential pressure and/or the specific frequency.
  • the measuring fluid is completely or partially guided back into the flow line, in particular via the fluid outlet of the measuring device.
  • the measuring fluid is not fed back into the flow line.
  • the pressure of the fluid flowing in the flow line is constant.
  • the boundary conditions for the Kärmän vortex street are met.
  • the Reynolds number of the fluid flowing through the flow line and/or the measurement fluid is 50 or more, preferably 70 or more, preferably 90 or more, preferably 100 or more, preferably 300 or more, preferably 500 or more, preferably 1000 or more , preferably 1,500 or more, preferably 2,000 or more, preferably 3,000 or more, preferably 5,000 or more, preferably 10,000 or more, preferably 30,000 or more, preferably 50,000 or more, 200,000 or less, preferably 150,000 or less, preferably 100,000 or less, preferably 50,000 or less, preferably 30,000 or less, preferably 10,000 or less, preferably 8,000 or less, preferably 5,000 or less, preferably 3,000 or less, preferably 1,000 or less, preferably 500 or less, and/or between 50 and 200,000, preferably between 90 and 200000, preferably between 90 and 100,000, preferably between 90 and 50,000, preferably between 90 and 10,000, preferably between 500 and 10,000, preferably between 500 and 5,000.
  • 0.1 l/min or more preferably 0.3 l/min or more, preferably 0.5 l/min or more, preferably 1 l/min or more, preferably 5 l/min or more, preferably 10 l flow / min or more, preferably 50 l / min or more, preferably 100 l / min or more, preferably 500 l / min or more, preferably 1000 l / min or more, 10,000 l / min or less, preferably 5000 l / min or less, preferably 3000 l/min or less, preferably 1000 l/min or less, preferably 500 l/min or less, preferably 100 l/min or less, and/or between 0.1 l/min and 10,000 l/min, preferably between 1 l/min and 5000 l/min, measuring fluid through the measuring device.
  • the measuring fluid (or at least parts thereof) carries out a periodic flow movement at least indirectly due to the interfering body
  • this is preferably understood to mean that the measuring fluid (or at least parts thereof) carries out a periodic flow movement directly or indirectly due to the interfering body.
  • this means in particular that without the disruptive body, the respective periodic flow movement would not exist.
  • the measuring device is preferably a distributed measuring device, in particular with several separate modules.
  • the specific density or a measure thereof is an operating density or a measure thereof.
  • An operating density is advantageously understood to mean a density that the flowing fluid has under the pressure and temperature conditions existing in the measuring device.
  • the measuring device has at least one flow channel and the flow channel has the cross-sectional taper and / or the obstruction body is arranged within the flow channel and / or that the measuring device has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, which pass through the flow channel at least are fluidly connected to one another in sections, and wherein preferably the measuring fluid is guided through the measuring device from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, preferably at least along the flow channel.
  • the flow channel of the measuring device advantageously has the cross-sectional taper that causes the determined differential pressure.
  • the flow channel can be divided at least in sections into several parallel branches.
  • the obstruction body extends along the entire height of the flow channel. This reliably ensures that the disruptive body can be flowed around laterally by the measuring fluid and is flowed around by the flowing measuring fluid.
  • the flow path of the measuring fluid guided through the measuring device thus advantageously runs at least in sections through the flow channel.
  • the flow path along which the measuring fluid flows within the measuring device can lead through the flow channel. Its cross section can then be tapered by a diaphragm.
  • a volume flow or a measure thereof of the measuring fluid flowing through the measuring device in particular the flow channel, and/or of the measuring fluid flowing through the flow line flowing fluid is determined, in particular by further incorporating reference and/or calibration measurements, and wherein the volume flow or a measure thereof is included to determine the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing through the flow line.
  • the volume flow can advantageously be included because this variable can be easily measured for reference and/or calibration measurements and therefore another variable, in particular an auxiliary variable, can be reliably determined based on the determined specific frequency. As a result, the determination of the density or a measure thereof can be carried out particularly reliably.
  • the reference and/or calibration measurements can, for example, be carried out once on the specific structure of the measuring device, optionally in connection with the flow line or sections thereof.
  • the values of the measurements can be stored in a memory and retrieved from there.
  • the periodic flow movement of the measuring fluid takes place at least partially within the measuring device or parts thereof, in particular within the flow channel, and/or the determination of the specific frequency involves evaluating the flow within the measuring device or parts thereof, in particular within the Flow channel, periodic flow movement of the measuring fluid.
  • a particularly reliable expression of the periodic flow movement of the measuring fluid can be achieved within the measuring device.
  • defined framework conditions can be created within the measuring device. It is therefore advantageous if the periodic flow movement of the measuring fluid takes place there in whole or in part and/or the specific frequency is determined there.
  • the area-wise and/or section-wise tapering of the flow cross-section is realized by means of at least one diaphragm, in particular at least one annular chamber diaphragm, at least one nozzle, in particular at least one Venturi nozzle, and/or at least one Venturi tube, preferably the differential pressure between two positions before and after the cross-sectional taper, in particular before and after the orifice, the nozzle and / or the venturi tube, is determined.
  • the periodic flow movement can also be controlled particularly advantageously, especially if the taper is located upstream of the obstruction body. It is assumed that the characteristic with which the measuring fluid flows against the disruptive body can be changed by an adapted flow cross section and thus the periodic flow movement can be influenced.
  • the cross-sectional taper is preferably realized by a diaphragm arranged in the flow channel.
  • the aperture extends in particular perpendicular to the flow direction of the measuring fluid flowing through the flow channel.
  • the aperture can preferably have a circular or a slot-shaped opening.
  • the cross-sectional taper increases the flow cross-section by a maximum of 10% or more, preferably by 20% or more, preferably by 30% or more, preferably by 40% or more, preferably by 50% or more, preferably by 60% or more. preferably by 70% or more, preferably by 80% or more, preferably by 90% or more, and/or by 99% or less, preferably by 90% or less, preferably by 80% or less, preferably by 70% or less , preferably by 60% or less, preferably by 50% or less, preferably by 40% or less, preferably by 30% or less, preferably by 20% or less, preferably by 10% or less.
  • a slot-shaped opening can, for example, have a width of between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  • the width of the slit-shaped aperture opening can be 1 mm or more, preferably 2 mm or more, preferably 3 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or more, and/or 30 mm or less, preferably 20 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or less, preferably 8 mm or less, preferably 6 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less, preferably 4 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, preferably 2.5 mm or less, preferably 2 mm or less, preferably 1.5 mm or less, amount.
  • the differential pressure can be determined, for example, by determining the pressure at each of the two positions mentioned and then forming the difference.
  • a pressure sensor can be provided at the corresponding position.
  • the differential pressure is preferably between two positions, which are, in particular along the flow direction of the measuring fluid flowing through the cross-sectional taper, before and after the cross-sectional taper, in particular before and after the orifice, before and after the nozzle and/or before and after the Venturi tube, are located.
  • the differential pressure can also be recorded between two positions, of which at least one position, preferably both positions, is or are located within the cross-sectional taper.
  • the shortest distance between the location of the maximum cross-sectional taper and/or the aperture and the obstruction body is more than 0.5 cm, preferably more than 1 cm, preferably more than 1.5 cm, preferably more than 2 cm, preferably more than 2.5 cm, preferably more than 3 cm, preferably more than 4 cm, preferably more than 5 cm, less than 10 cm, preferably less than 8 cm, preferably less than 6 cm, preferably less than 5 cm, preferably less than 4 cm, preferably less than 3 cm, preferably less than 2 cm, and/or between 0.5 cm and 10 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 5 cm, preferably between 1 cm and 3 cm.
  • the measuring device is arranged fluidly parallel to at least one flow section of the flow line, wherein preferably the flow section has a flow cross section that is changed, in particular reduced, at least in regions and/or at least in sections, preferably through the Choosing the flow cross section, the part of the fluid flowing through the flow line that is guided through the measuring device as measuring fluid is adjusted.
  • the proposed method can advantageously be carried out independently of the dimensions of the respective flow line.
  • the proposed method can therefore be used particularly easily in existing flow lines.
  • the fluid inlet of the measuring device is preferably fluidly connected to the flow line.
  • the fluid outlet of the measuring device is also fluidly connected to the flow line. Then, for example, that section of the flow line that runs between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet can be said flow section.
  • the flow rate of measuring fluid can be adjusted very easily but still precisely and reliably.
  • the change in the flow cross section of the flow section can be realized, for example, by means of at least one diaphragm, in particular at least one annular chamber diaphragm, at least one nozzle, in particular at least one Venturi nozzle, and/or at least one Venturi tube.
  • the measuring device in particular the flow channel, forms and/or provides at least a section of the flow line.
  • the measuring device and the flow line can be designed to be compact.
  • the fluid inlet of the measuring device is preferably fluidly connected to a first other section of the flow line.
  • the fluid outlet of the measuring device is also fluidly connected to a second, different section of the flow line. Then, for example, at least that section of the flow line that runs between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet can be the section of the flow line formed and/or provided by the measuring device.
  • the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing in the flow line is also determined based on the temperature of the fluid flowing in the flow line and/or in the measuring device, in particular in the flow channel.
  • the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing in the flow line is also based on the pressure of the fluid existing at a defined or definable position in the flow line and/or in the measuring device, in particular in the flow channel the fluid flowing through the flow line and/or the measuring fluid flowing in the measuring device is determined.
  • the determined pressure of the flowing fluid is preferably an absolute pressure.
  • the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing in the flow line is further determined based on said temperature and said pressure.
  • a density to be determined at other temperature and/or pressure conditions.
  • the standard density of the flowing fluid can be determined.
  • the standard density of the flowing fluid is preferably understood to mean a density according to DIN 1306 and/or the density of the fluid existing for a reference temperature and a reference pressure (for example for a fluid temperature of zero degrees Celsius and at a pressure of 1.01325 bar).
  • the method further comprises:
  • Determining the pressure of the measuring fluid in the measuring device in particular (i) at a position within the measuring device and/or at a position outside the measuring device, in particular at a position within the flow line, (ii) by means of a pressure sensor and/or (iii). at least at one point in time;
  • determining the pressure involves measuring the pressure once or multiple times using a pressure sensor.
  • the pressure can be controlled using the pressure sensor for example, be measured periodically.
  • the pressure determined can then be an average, such as the arithmetic average, of several pressure measurements.
  • the fluid flowing in the flow line has a constant pressure during the process.
  • the pressure of the measuring fluid within the measuring device is also preferably constant.
  • the pressure is preferably measured only once or periodically.
  • the pressure can also be measured in the flow line.
  • any calibration variable included in the density determination can also have been determined at a different temperature and / or a different pressure and by including the one measured (for example during operation). Pressure and / or the temperature measured (for example during operation) (which will be discussed in more detail shortly) the specific existing situation can be taken into account, so that the calibration variable can then also be used advantageously.
  • the pressure is preferably measured downstream of the disruptive body, preferably immediately behind the disruptive body, with a time average of the pressure preferably being determined and used as the pressure value.
  • Averaging can advantageously eliminate a periodic pressure fluctuation due to the periodic fluid movement.
  • the pressure can also be measured in front of the obstruction body, in particular between the cross-sectional taper and the obstruction body. Time averaging can also be carried out here.
  • the pressure can also be measured before the cross-section is tapered. For example, together with the determined differential pressure, a pressure in front of the interfering body (in particular between the cross-sectional taper and the interfering body) can be determined and used as a pressure value.
  • the method further comprises:
  • Determining the temperature of the measuring fluid in the measuring device in particular (i) at a position within the measuring device and/or at a position outside the measuring device, in particular at a position within the flow line, (ii) by means of a temperature sensor and/or (iii). at least at one point in time;
  • determining the temperature involves measuring the temperature once or multiple times using a temperature sensor.
  • the temperature can be measured periodically with the temperature sensor, for example.
  • the determined temperature can then be an average, such as the arithmetic average, of several temperature measurements.
  • the fluid flowing in the flow line has a constant temperature during the process.
  • the temperature of the measuring fluid within the measuring device is also preferably constant.
  • the temperature is preferably measured only once or periodically.
  • the temperature can also be measured in the flow line. This is because the temperature of the fluid in the flow line is preferably identical to the temperature of the fluid in the measuring device.
  • the temperature is measured downstream of the bluff body, preferably immediately behind the bluff body.
  • the temperature can also be set in front of the disruptive body, in particular between the cross-sectional taper and the obstruction body.
  • the temperature can also be measured before the cross-section is tapered.
  • the determination of the specific frequency includes the determination of a frequency of a periodic pendulum movement of the flowing measuring fluid occurring at the level of and/or upstream and/or downstream of the disruptive body, preferably within the flow channel, as a specific frequency, and wherein preferably the determination of the specific frequency is carried out at least partially by evaluating the pendulum movement.
  • the measuring fluid preferably flows around the disruptive body periodically, alternating on one side and on the other.
  • the periodic pendulum movement is accompanied by periodic pressure changes within the flow, which can advantageously be evaluated, for example with a sensor, such as a pressure sensor (which can be arranged, for example, within the flow channel at a position at which the periodic pendulum movement leads to pressure fluctuations). to determine the specific frequency.
  • a sensor such as a pressure sensor (which can be arranged, for example, within the flow channel at a position at which the periodic pendulum movement leads to pressure fluctuations).
  • An absolute pressure is preferably determined using the pressure sensor.
  • Such a pressure sensor is easy to implement.
  • an optical evaluation of the periodic pendulum movement is also possible using a camera that is sensitive, for example, to radiation in the IR, VIS and/or UV spectral range.
  • the camera can record the flowing measuring fluid at the level of the obstruction body and/or upstream and/or downstream thereof.
  • the periodic pendulum movement can be evaluated by evaluating the camera images and the specific frequency can be determined based on this.
  • the respective area captured by the camera can be illuminated with a light source that emits light in a spectral range to which the camera is sensitive.
  • an evaluation of the periodic pendulum movement using ultrasound measurements is also possible, preferably by, preferably periodically, measuring the speed of sound.
  • the pendulum movement of the flowing measuring fluid can, for example, arise at least partially through continuously formed and/or interacting flow vortices, in particular downstream of the disruptive body, preferably immediately behind the disruptive body.
  • the measuring device has or represents a fluidistor.
  • a fluidistor is therefore particularly advantageous for being used as a measuring device in the method.
  • An advantageous fluidistor as is preferably also used in the proposed method, has a fluid inlet through which a fluid (for example the measuring fluid) enters the fluidistor can flow in, and a fluid outlet through which the fluid can flow out of the fluidistor, as well as a main channel which fluidly connects the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet to one another at least in sections.
  • a disruptive body (this can advantageously be the disruptive body introduced above) is arranged within the main channel, around which the fluid can flow on two sides.
  • the main channel points, in particular at the level of the bluff body or, in particular by up to 50 cm, preferably by up to 30 cm, preferably by up to 15 cm, preferably by up to 10 cm, preferably by up to 5 cm, upstream or downstream offset from the bluff body, two openings, both of which are fluidly connected to one another by an oscillation channel and wherein preferably the two openings (i) are in different, in particular parallel, planes, for example of two opposite wall regions of the main channel of the fluidistor , (ii) in a common plane, in particular the two openings adjoining different sides of the main channel, and / or (iii) at the same height.
  • the oscillation channel is therefore advantageously a connecting channel between these two openings.
  • the fluidistor is preferably designed so that a fluid (e.g. the measuring fluid) flowing from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet through the main channel and along the disruptive body, in particular if the framework conditions of the Kärmän vortex street are met, alternately flows through the disruptive body on one side and on the other Side flows around and thereby periodically changing pressure conditions occur within the main channel at least in some areas, due to which part of the fluid flowing through the fluidistor carries out an oscillation within the oscillation channel.
  • the oscillation channel is referred to as an oscillation channel in the present application.
  • the fluid flowing in the oscillation channel in turn influences the pressure conditions and thus contributes to the flowing fluid flowing around the obstruction body on the other side and the flow direction of the fluid within the oscillation channel reversing again .
  • a fluid e.g. the measuring fluid
  • part of the fluid flowing through the fluidistor flows through the oscillation channel and carries out an oscillation there.
  • the fluid When the fluid is passed through the fluidistor, it is preferably passed from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet of the fluidistor.
  • the fluid oscillation (fluid oscillation) can thus be achieved in the oscillation channel.
  • the fluidistor is fluidly connected to the flow line with its fluid inlet and/or fluid outlet.
  • the person skilled in the art understands that the fluid in the fluidistor, and especially the fluid in the oscillation channel, is constantly replaced by fluid flowing in, which is guided through the fluidistor. This also ensures that a continuous determination of the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing in the flow line is possible. This is because at least part of the fluid flowing in the flow line is continuously guided through the measuring device as measuring fluid, with at least part of the measuring fluid continuously taking part in the oscillation movement. This means that a changed density can be recognized immediately.
  • the fluidistor has at least one oscillation channel, within which part of the measuring fluid guided through the fluidistor oscillates, in particular the flow direction of which periodically reverses, while the measuring fluid is guided through the fluidistor.
  • the oscillation channel of the fluidistor has a connecting channel which has two, in particular at the level of the interfering body arranged within the main channel or, in particular by up to 50 cm, preferably by up to 30 cm, preferably by up to 15 cm, preferably by up to 10 cm, preferably by up to 5 cm, upstream or downstream of the obstruction body, fluidly connects, has or represents openings of the main channel with one another.
  • the two openings are preferably located in different, in particular parallel, planes, for example in two opposing wall regions of the main channel of the fluidistor.
  • the two openings are located in a common plane, with the two openings preferably adjoining different sides of the main channel.
  • the two openings are at the same height.
  • the oscillation frequency of the fluid in the oscillation channel (i) is 0.1 Hz or more, preferably 1 Hz or more, preferably 10 Hz or more, preferably 50 Hz or more, preferably 100 Hz or more, preferably 500 Hz or more , preferably 1,000 Hz or more, preferably 3,000 Hz or more, preferably 5,000 Hz or more, preferably 7,000 Hz or more, (ii) 10,000 Hz or less, preferably 7,000 Hz or less, preferably 5,000 Hz or less, preferably 3,000 Hz or less , preferably 1,000 Hz or less, preferably 500 Hz or less, preferably 300 Hz or less, preferably 100 Hz or less, preferably 50 Hz or less, preferably 30 Hz or less, preferably 10 Hz or less, preferably 5 Hz or less, preferably 1 Hz or less, and/or (iii) between 0.1 Hz and 10,000 Hz, preferably between 0.1 Hz and 1,000 Hz, in particular between 0.1 Hz and 100 Hz or or
  • all of the fluid flowing in the flow line is guided through the fluidistor as measuring fluid.
  • the fluidistor can be fluidly connected in series with the flow line and/or the fluidistor, in particular its main channel, can form part of the flow line or be fluidly connected to the flow line, for example at one of its ends, in such a way that the entire fluid flows through the flow line Fluidistor flows.
  • part of the fluid flowing in the flow line is guided through the fluidistor as measuring fluid.
  • the fluidistor can be fluidly connected in parallel to the flow line or a section thereof and/or fluidly connected to at least one branch of the flow line.
  • the relevant part of the fluid flowing in the flow line, which is guided through the fluidistor as measuring fluid can be adjusted, for example, by means of an aperture and/or Venturi nozzle arranged in the flow line (in particular fluidly between the branch to the fluidistor and the mouth of the fluidistor). or be adjustable.
  • the flow line can have appropriate means in the form of a diaphragm and/or Venturi nozzle.
  • the described main channel of the fluidistor is advantageously identical to the flow channel described elsewhere within the application and/or forms at least a section of this flow channel.
  • the fluidistor can have the cross-sectional taper, for example in front of the bluff body, in particular by means of a diaphragm provided there.
  • the fluidistor can in particular be referred to as a measuring device with a fluid oscillator.
  • the at least part of the fluid flowing through the flow line is guided as measuring fluid through the measuring device of the at least part of the fluid flowing through the flow line as measuring fluid through the fluidistor.
  • the determination of the specific frequency includes the determination of an oscillation frequency of a part of the measuring fluid oscillating within at least one oscillation channel of the fluidistor as the specific frequency, and preferably the determination of the specific frequency at least partially by evaluating the oscillating Part of the measuring fluid, especially in the oscillation channel, is carried out.
  • An oscillating fluid is understood to mean, in particular, a fluid whose flow direction periodically reverses. If the fluid oscillates in a channel section, it flows within the channel section alternately in one direction and then again in the other, anti-parallel direction.
  • the specific frequency is determined by means of a device arranged within the measuring device, preferably within the oscillation channel of the fluidistor and/or at the level or upstream or downstream of the disruptive body, and at least from the flowing fluid to determine the specific frequency of the current-carrying heating wire temporarily flowing around it, in particular based on a, preferably periodic, time course of a measured variable taken from the heating wire, such as its temperature, its electrical resistance, the electrical voltage dropping across it and / or the strength of the electrical current flowing through it electricity.
  • the oscillation frequency of the fluid within the oscillation channel or in the area of the interference body can be determined using particularly simple but nevertheless reliable means and thus also the specific frequency. Due to the periodic flow movement of the measuring fluid, the heating wire advantageously experiences a periodic cooling, which results in a corresponding periodic change in the measured variable.
  • the determination of the specific frequency comprises: carrying out a plurality of measurements of the transit time and / or phase difference of an ultrasonic signal propagating through a part of the measurement fluid oscillating within the oscillation channel of the fluidistor with an oscillation frequency and determining based on at least on the specific transit times and/or phase differences of the oscillation frequency, preferably the oscillation frequency being the specific frequency.
  • the oscillation frequency of the fluid within the oscillation channel can be determined using particularly simple yet reliable means.
  • the oscillation frequency determined in this way is then advantageously identical to the specific frequency.
  • the phase difference measurement measures the phase difference between the ultrasound signal transmitted on the transmission side and the ultrasound signal received on the reception side. Therefore, all statements made with regard to the transit time measurements also apply to the phase difference measurements, unless the context states otherwise. It is therefore sufficient if the present application mainly focuses on the Transit time measurements are taken into account, whereby the considerations can then be transferred accordingly to the phase difference measurements.
  • a transit time measurement is preferably carried out by measuring the time from the transmission on the transmission side to the reception on the reception side of the ultrasonic signal.
  • the phase difference measurement is preferably carried out by measuring the phase difference between the ultrasonic signal emitted on the transmitting side and the ultrasonic signal received on the receiving side.
  • the ultrasound measurements enable measurements that can be carried out without contact, making the method particularly robust. At the same time, ultrasound measurements can be carried out particularly reliably and with inexpensive and, in principle, simple means. This means that the procedure can be carried out very economically and precise results can be achieved.
  • the determination of the oscillation frequency is carried out entirely or partially based on at least the specific transit times and/or phase differences by means of at least a second computing unit.
  • the fluidistor can have the second computing unit and/or be in operative connection with such a unit or can be brought into operation.
  • the first and second computing units can also be provided by a common computing unit.
  • the respective computing unit (first computing unit, second computing unit, common computing unit) can be implemented, for example, in software, in hardware or a combination of both.
  • the respective computing unit can alternatively or additionally have a memory, a processor, an analog-digital converter (analog digital converter, ADC), a digital-analog converter (digital analog converter, DAC) or any combination thereof.
  • ADC analog digital converter
  • DAC digital-analog converter
  • the respective computing unit can, for example, be programmable and/or programmed in such a way that it carries out corresponding routines.
  • the respective computing unit can be an FPGA.
  • the transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements are carried out by means of an ultrasonic sensor system, at successive times and/or along at least a specific section of the oscillation channel of the fluidistor.
  • the specific section of the oscillation channel can, for example, run straight. This makes it particularly suitable for ultrasonic measurements such as those between a pair of transmitters and receivers arranged opposite each other.
  • the ultrasonic sensor system has, for example, an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver.
  • the ultrasonic sensor system has exactly one ultrasonic transmitter and/or exactly one ultrasonic receiver.
  • the ultrasound transmitter and the ultrasound receiver are preferably arranged opposite one another.
  • the individual measured values of the heating wire measured variable, running times and / or phase differences describe a measurement curve with a sinusoidal course and / or a measurement curve with a sinusoidal course is determined based on the measured values of the heating wire measured variable, running times and / or phase differences is, and wherein the oscillation frequency is preferably determined based on the frequency of the sine curve, in particular the frequency of the sine curve is determined as the oscillation frequency.
  • each ultrasonic measurement provides a value for the transit time and the values of several measurements advantageously describe a sinusoidal measurement curve. Since the If the direction of flow of the fluid in the oscillation channel periodically reverses, the successive measured values of the transit time lie on a sine curve or the time course of the measured values of the transit time follows a sine curve. The inverse period of the sine curve, i.e. its frequency, then corresponds to the oscillation frequency. Therefore, the ultrasonic transit time measurements can be used to determine the oscillation frequency by evaluating or determining the frequency of the sinusoid described by the measured values.
  • the resulting time-dependent transit times of the ultrasonic signal can be determined particularly reliably by the transit time measurements and their sinusoidal course can be evaluated.
  • the oscillation frequency of the part of the measuring fluid oscillating in the oscillation channel can therefore be determined by evaluating the frequency of the sine curve described by them.
  • the transit time measurements make it possible to draw conclusions about the oscillation movement, i.e. the oscillation frequency, of the oscillating fluid. For this reason, it is preferred to measure the transit time through the part of the measuring fluid that oscillates within the oscillation channel of the fluidistor.
  • the individual measurements are carried out sequentially and/or at equidistant time intervals.
  • a sine curve can be created from the recorded measured values using a fit, for example using the least squares method, in order to determine the measurement curve with a sinusoidal course.
  • two successive heating wire measurements, transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements each have a first time interval from one another and preferably the first time interval (a) is 1 ps or more, preferably 10 ps or more, preferably 50 ps or more, preferably 100 ps or more, preferably 500 ps or more, preferably 1 ns or more, preferably 50 ns or more, preferably 100 ns or more, preferably 500 ns or more, preferably 1 ps or more, preferably 10 ps or more , preferably 50 ps or more, preferably 100 ps or more, preferably 500 ps or more, preferably 1 ms or more, preferably 10 ms or more, preferably 50 ms or more, preferably 100 ms or more, preferably 500 ms or more, preferably 1 s or more, preferably 5 s or more, preferably 10 s or more, preferably 50 s or more, preferably 100 s or or
  • the mentioned distances between two heating wire measurement measurements, transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements make it possible to measure the part of the fluid that preferably flows within the oscillation channel at a sufficient number of times in order to be able to reliably determine the oscillation frequency on the one hand, and on the other hand at only as many times as possible to carry out the procedure as efficiently as possible.
  • At least 2, preferably at least 10, preferably at least 50, preferably at least 100, at most 10,000 and/or between 2 and 10,000 measuring points are recorded per sine period.
  • the first time interval is chosen to be at least so small that even with a further reduction in the time interval between two successive heating wire measurement variable measurements, transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements, the specific oscillation frequency remains constant, in particular at a lower fluid flowing under the same conditions in the flow line. This ensures that the oscillation frequency is determined correctly because a sufficient number of measuring points are recorded. Or to put it another way, the measurement curve determined by the heating wire measurement variables, transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements has sampled the sine curve caused by the fluid oscillation at a sufficient number of support points in order to reconstruct the true sine curve and thus determine the appropriate oscillation frequency can. Or to put it another way, the Nyquist criterion is met.
  • the maximum permissible time interval between two successive heating wire measured variable measurements, transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements can be determined by reducing the time interval between two successive heating wire measured variable measurements, transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements until at a further reduction in the time interval between two successive heating wire measurements, transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements, the specific oscillation frequency remains constant.
  • this determination advantageously only has to be carried out once for a fluid flowing in the flow line under the same conditions.
  • the determined time interval can then be stored as the first time interval, for example in a memory, and/or retrieved from there.
  • the transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements are carried out by means of a, preferably stationary, ultrasonic transmitter of an ultrasonic sensor system and a, preferably stationary, ultrasonic receiver of the ultrasonic sensor system and/or that the transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements are carried out along a transmission path between the Ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasound receiver are carried out.
  • the transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements can be carried out with only a single ultrasonic transmitter and a single ultrasonic receiver.
  • changing the sound direction is not necessary.
  • the structure in the present case can be significantly more compact and the process can be carried out much more efficiently. This will also at the same time reduces the susceptibility to errors. The results obtained with the proposed method are therefore more reliable.
  • the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver are preferably provided by the ultrasonic sensor system.
  • the physical distance between the ultrasound transmitter and the ultrasound receiver is known and thus the length of the transmission path is known.
  • the physical distance can be determined or can be determined by means of a calibration measurement.
  • the transit time of an ultrasonic signal from the transmitter to the receiver is measured by a known, preferably stationary, fluid located within the oscillation channel at a known pressure and at a known temperature. This allows the physical distance to be determined.
  • the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver are arranged at opposite ends of the specific portion of the oscillation channel along which the transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements are performed, preferably within the housing.
  • the ultrasound propagation takes place along the same direction for all transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements.
  • the fluidistor in particular makes it possible to carry out all ultrasonic measurements along a single direction.
  • sound only needs to be transmitted along one direction, in particular from a single transmitter to a single receiver.
  • the flow direction of the fluid located therein periodically reverses in the oscillation channel, measurements carried out along the same direction can also be carried out alternately along and against the flow direction of the fluid.
  • the fluidistor reverses the measuring direction inherently cyclically, so to speak, without this having to be done by changing the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver.
  • the direction along which the ultrasound propagation occurs is a straight line from the ultrasound transmitter to the ultrasound receiver.
  • the direction then preferably runs parallel to a main extension direction of the specific section of the oscillation channel.
  • the transit time measurements and/or phase difference measurements are carried out using an ultrasonic signal that is continuously emitted or is periodically switched on and off.
  • the method can work with only a single transmitter-receiver pair. This is possible due to the periodic change of flow direction within the oscillation channel, which has already been discussed above. This means that the method can be used to continuously measure the flowing fluid and, based on the measurements, to continuously determine the oscillation frequency and thus the density or a measure thereof.
  • markers are impressed on the, in particular continuous, ultrasound signal on the transmitting side, preferably periodically, and these markers are detected on the receiving side and/or the ultrasound signal is modulated on the transmitting side in a time-dependent manner, and preferably based on at least an evaluation of the markers and/or or the modulation, the transit times and/or phase differences are determined.
  • the markers and/or the modulation make it possible to carry out a relative assignment of a transmission and reception time in a particularly simple and yet reliable manner and thus to determine the transit time of the ultrasound signal from the time difference.
  • a marker has a time extension of less than 50%, preferably less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, preferably less than 7%, preferably less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.1%, preferably less than 0.01%, of the time interval between two successive markers. This allows the individual markers to be reliably distinguished from one another.
  • a marker has a temporal extent of at least 0.0001%, preferably at least 0.001%, preferably at least 0.01%, preferably at least 0.1%, preferably at least 1%, of the temporal distance between two successive markers . This means that the individual marker can still be reliably detected.
  • the marker can have a time extension of 1% or more, preferably 5% or more, and/or 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, of the maximum measured transit time or the maximum propagation time of the ultrasound signal between Have transmitter and receiver.
  • the time extent of the marker can be between 1% and 10%, preferably between 5% and 8%, of the maximum measured transit time or the maximum propagation time of the ultrasound signal between transmitter and receiver.
  • the temporal extent of a marker is preferably defined or definable by the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of the marker and/or its envelope.
  • FWHM full-width-at-half-maximum
  • each marker embossed on the receiving side can be assigned a consecutive number and the respective time of transmission.
  • the transit time of each marker can be determined.
  • the transit times are then preferably determined at successive times, which have a time interval according to the time interval of the successive markers.
  • the determination of the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing through the flow line further includes a defined or definable proportionality factor and/or further includes at least one result of at least one calibration.
  • the proportionality factor can include the results of a calibration or be such a result and/or be or can be determined completely by a calibration.
  • the influence of a cross-sectional taper both in the measuring device and in the flow line) (for example any diaphragm or Venturi nozzle that may be used) can be inherently taken into account without additional effort by making it part of the arrangement.
  • a calibration can include that a fluid, such as air, with a known density and/or with a known volume is passed through the measuring device to be calibrated and/or through the flow line-measuring device arrangement to be calibrated and thereby the specific frequency, in particular the oscillation frequency in the oscillation channel of the fluidistor, and/or a differential pressure is determined.
  • a proportionality factor can be calculated from the known density, the determined differential pressure and/or the determined specific frequency.
  • a calibration can, for example, have a single measurement or several measurement runs, in particular with variation of one or more parameter values.
  • the fluid volume can be determined during calibration, for example by means of a, in particular calibrated, turbine wheel meter.
  • a proportionality factor determined once is preferably used.
  • the proportionality factor therefore only needs to be determined once, for example before commissioning the system in which a density measurement is to be carried out.
  • the proportionality factor is preferably determined once for a given measuring device and/or a given flow line-measuring device arrangement.
  • the proportionality factor can preferably be stored in a memory and retrieved from there to determine the density or a measure thereof.
  • the proportionality factor is preferably the result of a calibration measurement on the measuring device.
  • a calibration measurement can advantageously be carried out under known pressure and/or temperature conditions at defined or definable measuring points within the measuring device. Accordingly, a proportionality factor may be valid for a known pressure and/or temperature condition.
  • the differential pressure and the specific frequency can be determined for a fluid of known density and thus (in particular for the respective conditions for pressure and temperature of the fluid at the respective measuring points) a proportionality factor as a result of the calibration measurement be received.
  • the proportionality factor can depend on the respective pressure and temperature.
  • a result of the calibration measurement such as the proportionality factor, can then be used for the actual density determination when using the measuring device.
  • the existing pressure and/or the existing temperature (in particular at the measuring points selected during the calibration measurement) is preferably determined and included. This allows any pressure and/or temperature conditions that deviate from the calibration measurement to be taken into account. In this way, the determination of the density or a measure thereof of the fluid can be carried out reliably by taking into account the existing pressure and/or the existing temperature for the respective density and/or temperature conditions.
  • the object is achieved by the invention according to a second aspect in that a method for determining the purity or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line, the method comprising:
  • the inventors recognized that based on the proposed determination of a density or a measure thereof, the purity or a measure thereof of the flowing fluid can also be determined very reliably.
  • a measuring device for determining a density or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line, in particular in a method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the measuring device is fluidly connected to the flow line is connected or connectable, so that at least part of the fluid flowing through the flow line can be guided as measuring fluid through the measuring device along a flow path with at least a regional and / or sectional taper of the flow cross section and along an obstruction body around which the flowing fluid can flow at least in regions; wherein the measuring device has a differential pressure sensor and / or is or can be brought into operative connection with one, with which a differential pressure caused by the cross-sectional taper of the measuring fluid flowing through this cross-sectional taper can be determined, and which is preferably set up to determine the differential pressure; wherein the measuring device has a frequency determination unit and / or is or can be brought into operative connection with such a unit, which is preferably set up to determine a frequency of at least
  • the cross-sectional taper can be realized as described above.
  • the flow channel has a diaphragm.
  • the flow channel advantageously has the obstruction body.
  • the frequency determination unit can advantageously be constructed like the second computing unit described in relation to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the frequency determination unit can have at least one of the sensors described above for evaluating the periodic pendulum movement (for example a camera, a heating wire or an ultrasonic sensor system).
  • the measuring device has or represents a fluidistor and the frequency determination unit preferably has an ultrasonic sensor system, which is preferably set up to carry out a plurality of measurements of the transit time and / or phase difference of an oscillation within at least one -Channel of the fluidistor with an oscillating frequency oscillating part of the measuring fluid propagating ultrasonic signal, and / or the frequency determination unit has a computing device, in particular in the form of the second computing unit, and / or is or can be brought into operative connection with such a device, which is preferably set up for this purpose is to determine the oscillation frequency as a specific frequency based at least on the specific transit times and/or phase differences.
  • a fluidistor has surprisingly proven to be particularly advantageous for determining the density or a measure thereof of the fluid flowing through a flow line when the fluidistor is fluidly connected to the flow line.
  • the density of the fluid can be reliably determined based on the oscillation frequency of the part of the measuring fluid oscillating in the oscillation channel of the fluidistor and the differential pressure.
  • the oscillation frequency and also the differential pressure can be determined very reliably within the fluidistor.
  • the determination can be determined both in real time or almost in real time and in a particularly reliable and yet robust manner.
  • very precise measurements and therefore also a very precise determination of the density or a measure thereof are possible.
  • the fluidistor is fluidly connected or connectable to the flow line with its fluid inlet and/or fluid outlet in such a way that at least part of the flowing fluid can be introduced into the fluidistor as measuring fluid via the fluid inlet and can be guided through the fluidistor and preferably via the fluidistor Fluid outlet can be led out of the fluidistor and preferably guided back into the flow line.
  • the structure of a fluidistor can be very compact and the fluidistor can therefore be very space-saving.
  • the fluidistor can be fluidly connected in parallel or in series with the flow line or a section thereof.
  • the ultrasonic sensor system in particular the ultrasonic transmitter and/or the ultrasonic receiver, is at least partially arranged within a housing of the fluidistor.
  • the computing device is therefore advantageously identical to the second computing unit.
  • the fluidistor has a heating wire sensor, especially in the oscillation channel.
  • the parts of the ultrasonic sensor system in particular the ultrasonic transmitter and/or the ultrasonic receiver, do not protrude into the oscillation channel and/or at least individual parts of the ultrasonic sensor system, in particular the ultrasonic transmitter and/or the ultrasonic receiver of the ultrasonic sensor system, are arranged completely or at least partially within a housing of the fluidistor.
  • the parts of the sensor system (such as, in particular, the ultrasound transmitter and the ultrasound receiver) can each be arranged completely or at least partially within the housing of the fluidistor. As a result, the fluid oscillation in the oscillation channel is not or not significantly affected.
  • the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver are located at opposite ends of the specific portion of the oscillation channel along which the ultrasonic measurements are performed, preferably within the housing.
  • the oscillation channel of the fluidistor has a connecting channel which has two, in particular at the level of the interfering body arranged within the main channel or, in particular by up to 50 cm, preferably by up to 30 cm, preferably by up to 15 cm, preferably by up to 10 cm, preferably by up to 5 cm, fluidly connects, has or represents openings of the main channel provided offset upstream or downstream from the obstruction body.
  • the object is achieved by the invention according to a fourth aspect in that a use of a fluidistor as a measuring device, in particular according to the third aspect of the invention, for determining a density or a measure thereof of a fluid flowing through a flow line, for determining the purity or a Measurement of a fluid flowing through a flow line and/or in a method according to the first and/or second aspect of the invention is proposed.
  • the object is achieved by the invention according to a fifth aspect in that a fluid supply unit, in particular a hydrogen refueling unit, having at least one measuring device according to the third aspect of the invention is proposed.
  • the density or a measure thereof of the fluid provided can be determined in real time or almost in real time while the fluid is being provided.
  • a refueling operation can then be aborted, for example, if the specified density or a measure thereof of the fluid does not correspond to the actual density or a measure thereof of the fluid.
  • an information signal can be generated that can be fed, for example, to another system, such as a warning system and/or logging system. The other system can thereby be informed very reliably about the density or a measure thereof of the fluid provided.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic view of a first arrangement with a flow line and a fluidistor as a measuring device
  • FIG. 1b shows a schematic view of a second arrangement with a flow line and a fluidistor as a measuring device
  • 1c shows a schematic view of a third arrangement with a flow line and another measuring device
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fluidistor from Fig. la;
  • FIG. 3a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the fluidistor from FIG. 2 with a fluid flow during a first operating state of the fluidistor;
  • FIG. 3b shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the fluidistor from FIG. 2 with a fluid flow during a second operating state of the fluidistor;
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram with a measurement curve of the measured values of the transit times.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a hydrogen refueling unit.
  • Fig. la shows a first arrangement 1 in a schematic view, with a flow line 3 and a fluidistor 5 connected fluidly in parallel to a flow section of the flow line 3 as a measuring device.
  • a fluid 7 flows within the flow line 3 (represented by a dashed arrow).
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the fluidistor 5 in greater detail.
  • the fluidistor 5 may be a fluidistor according to the third aspect of the invention.
  • the fluidistor 5 has a fluid inlet 9, through which a measuring fluid 11 can flow into the fluidistor 5, and a fluid outlet 13, through which the measuring fluid 11 can flow out of the fluidistor 5, as well as a flow channel, referred to below as the main channel 15, which Fluid inlet 9 and fluid outlet 13 fluidly connect to one another.
  • a disruptive body 17 is arranged within the main channel 15, around which the measuring fluid 11 can flow on two sides (in Fig. 2, for example, this is flowed around on the right side).
  • the main channel 15 has two openings 19, 21 offset upstream of the bluff body 17, both of which are fluidly connected to one another by an oscillation channel 23 and the two openings are opposite one another, in particular the two openings 19, 21 are in two opposite wall regions of the Main channel 15.
  • the oscillation channel 23 is, so to speak, a connecting channel between these two openings.
  • the fluidistor 5 also has a diaphragm 25 in the main channel 15 as a cross-sectional taper. Through this aperture 25, the flow of the measuring fluid 11 onto the obstruction body 17 can be adjusted. Upstream (i.e. in front of) and downstream (i.e. behind) the aperture 25 there is a pressure sensor 27 and 29. With these pressure sensors 27 and 29, a differential pressure of the flowing measurement fluid 11 in front of and behind the aperture 25 can be determined.
  • Fig. 3a shows the schematic cross-sectional view of the fluidistor from Fig. 2 with fluid flow drawn during a first operating state of the fluidistor.
  • Fig. 3b shows the schematic cross-sectional view of the fluidistor from Fig. 2 with fluid flow drawn during a second operating state of the fluidistor.
  • the measuring fluid 11 coming from the fluid inlet 9 and after it has flowed through the aperture 25 arranged in the main channel 15, hits the obstruction body 17 arranged in the main channel 15, it must flow around it in order to get to the fluid outlet 13. If the measuring fluid 11 flows around the disruptive body 17 to the right, as illustrated in Fig. 3a, this leads to an overpressure at the opening 19 (indicated by a "+”) and to a negative pressure at the opening 21 (indicated by a "- "). Due to the pressure conditions, part 37 of the measuring fluid 11 flows within the oscillation channel 23 from the opening 19 to the opening 21, i.e. counterclockwise in FIG. 3a. This is illustrated by corresponding arrows within the oscillation channel 23. This causes pressure equalization.
  • the oscillation channel 23 and the main channel 15 are formed within a housing 39 of the fluidistor 5. It is known to those skilled in the art that the oscillating fluid 37 is of course constantly replaced by new parts 37 of the measuring fluid 11 flowing into the fluidistor 5.
  • An ultrasound transmitter 41 and an ultrasound receiver 43 are arranged in a stationary manner within the housing 39. Measurements of the transit time can be made between transmitter 41 and receiver 43 Ultrasonic signal 45 (which, for the sake of clarity, is only shown in Fig. 2, but not in Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b) can be carried out along a specific section 47 of the oscillation channel 23.
  • the specific section 47 is a straight section of the oscillation channel 23.
  • the ultrasound transmitter 41 and the ultrasound receiver 43 are provided at the two ends of the specific section 47. While the part 37 of the measuring fluid oscillates within the oscillation channel 23, several transit time measurements are carried out between the transmitter 41 and the receiver 43.
  • Fig. 4 shows a measurement curve that results from the large number of successive transit time measurements through the oscillating fluid along the specific section 47 (i.e. between transmitter 41 and receiver 43).
  • the transit time of the ultrasonic signal 45 along the specific section 47 from the transmitter 41 to the receiver 43 is periodically increased and reduced while the ultrasonic signal 45 passes through the fluid propagates.
  • the successive measured values of the transit time describe a measurement curve with a sinusoidal course.
  • the individual measured values are shown in Fig. 4 by circular areas.
  • the sine described by the measured values is also shown in Fig. 4 for illustration.
  • One period of the sine measurement curve corresponds to one flow cycle within the oscillation channel.
  • the oscillation frequency f of the fluid oscillation in the oscillation channel 23 can be determined based on the measured values. For this purpose, the inverse of the period T or directly the frequency f of the sine measurement curve, which just corresponds to the oscillation frequency f, is determined.
  • the periodic flow movement of the measuring fluid 37 within the oscillation channel 23 in the form of an oscillation comes about due to the periodically changing pressure conditions at the openings 19 and 21. These changing pressure conditions are again caused by the disruptive body 17, which causes the measuring fluid 11 to flow around the disruptive body alternately to the left and right at exactly the oscillation frequency f.
  • the determined oscillation frequency f corresponds precisely to the specific frequency.
  • measurements of the differential pressure are also carried out by recording the pressure values of the flowing measuring fluid 11 in front of and behind the aperture 25 using the pressure sensors 27 and 29 and forming the difference between these pressure values.
  • the density or a measure thereof of the fluid 7 flowing through the flow line 3 is then determined.
  • the determined differential pressure and the determined oscillation frequency are processed together with a (first) proportionality factor determined for the arrangement 1.
  • values of pressure and temperature can also be recorded and included in order to be able to take into account the possibly different temperature and/or pressure conditions when determining the first proportionality factor.
  • the first proportionality factor for the flow line-measuring device combination can be determined in advance. For example, one can do this T.I
  • Proportionality factor which describes a relationship between the volume flow passed through the measuring device on the one hand and the determined pressure difference and the density or a measure thereof on the other hand
  • a proportionality factor which describes a relationship between the volume flow on the one hand and the determined specific frequency on the other hand
  • Both proportionality factors can then advantageously be specified as the first proportionality factor and/or the first proportionality factor is obtained directly as a result of the calibration measurement.
  • measurements of the phase difference of the ultrasonic signal 45 could also be carried out between the transmitter 41 and the receiver 43 along the specific section 47 of the oscillation channel 23 in order to determine the oscillation frequency as described.
  • Fig. lb shows a second arrangement 1' in a schematic view.
  • the second arrangement 1' has a flow line 3' and a fluidistor 5', the flow line 3' being fluidly connected at one end to a fluid inlet 9' of the fluidistor 5'.
  • a fluid 7' flows within the flow line 3'.
  • the entire fluid 7' is passed through the fluidistor 5' as measuring fluid via the fluid inlet 9' of the fluidistor 5'.
  • the oscillation frequency of the fluid vibration in the oscillation channel 23' and a differential pressure are also determined in the arrangement 1' with the fluidistor 5'.
  • the determined differential pressure and the determined oscillation frequency are processed together with a (second) proportionality factor determined for the arrangement 1'.
  • This second proportionality factor can be determined in a comparable manner to the first proportionality factor.
  • pressure and/or temperature values can be included again.
  • the fluid outlet 13' could also be connected to another part of the flow line 3'.
  • the third arrangement 49 has a flow line 51 and a measuring device 53.
  • the measuring device 53 is surrounded by a dashed box for illustration.
  • the measuring device 53 in turn has a flow channel 55 with a diaphragm 57 arranged therein as a cross-sectional taper and an interfering body 59 arranged centrally downstream thereof.
  • two pressure sensors 61 and 63 are arranged before and after the aperture 57 within the flow channel 55, with which a differential pressure of the fluid flowing through the flow line 51 or the flow channel 55 can be determined before and after the aperture 57.
  • the flow channel 55 forms a section of the flow line 51.
  • a fluid 65 flows within the flow line 51.
  • the fluid 65 is completely guided through the measuring device 53 as a measuring fluid. Due to the interfering body 59, the fluid 65 periodically flows alternately around the interfering body 59 on the left and right, as was also the case with the fluidistor 5 and the fluidistor 5′. At the time shown in FIG. 1c, flow is flowing around the bluff body 59 on the right.
  • This periodic pendulum movement of the flowing fluid 65 is recorded downstream of the disruptive body 59 by means of a pressure sensor 67 and thus the specific frequency of the periodic flow movement of the fluid 65 (which is also the measuring fluid) is determined. In other words, the periodic pendulum movement is the periodic flow movement and its frequency is determined as the specific frequency.
  • a differential pressure of the flowing fluid 65 is recorded by means of the pressure sensors 61 and 63 in front of and behind the aperture 57. Based on the determined specific frequency and the differential pressure, the density or a measure thereof of the fluid 65 flowing through the flow line 51 is then determined. For this purpose, the determined differential pressure and the determined specific frequency are processed together with a (third) proportionality factor determined for the arrangement 49. This third proportionality factor can be determined in a comparable manner to the first proportionality factor.
  • pressure and/or temperature values can be included again.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of a hydrogen refueling unit 69.
  • hydrogen is provided from a hydrogen tank 73 to a receiver 75 via a flow line 71.
  • the receiver 75 can be, for example, a hydrogen tank, for example in a motor vehicle.
  • the hydrogen refueling unit 69 has a fluidistor 77 according to the invention. This can be the fluidistor 5, for example.
  • the density or a measure thereof of the hydrogen can be continuously determined and the refueling process can be aborted if a deviation is detected.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
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  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour déterminer une densité ou une mesure associée d'un fluide circulant dans une conduite d'écoulement. L'invention concerne également un procédé pour déterminer la pureté ou une mesure associée d'un fluide circulant dans une conduite d'écoulement. L'invention concerne aussi un dispositif de mesure pour déterminer une densité ou une mesure associée d'un fluide circulant dans une conduite d'écoulement. L'invention concerne en outre une utilisation d'un dispositif de mesure et d'une unité de fourniture de fluide.
PCT/DE2023/100520 2022-07-11 2023-07-11 Procédé et dispositif de mesure pour déterminer une densité ou une mesure associée d'un fluide, procédé pour déterminer la pureté ou une mesure associée d'un fluide, utilisation et unité de fourniture de fluide WO2024012633A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022117251.1A DE102022117251A1 (de) 2022-07-11 2022-07-11 Verfahren und Messvorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Dichte oder eines Maßes dafür eines Fluids, Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Reinheit oder eines Maßes dafür eines Fluids, Verwendung und Fluid-Bereitstellungs-Einheit
DE102022117251.1 2022-07-11

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2840993A1 (de) 1977-09-26 1979-04-12 Fluid Inventor Ab Vorrichtung zum messen fluessigen stoffes
US4182172A (en) * 1977-08-19 1980-01-08 Danielsson Olf H Flow meter
GB1593680A (en) * 1976-11-02 1981-07-22 Gen Electric Fluidic flowmeters
DE19633416A1 (de) * 1996-08-20 1997-04-03 Merkel Wolfgang Volumenstrom- und Dichtemesser VD 1
US6606915B2 (en) * 2000-09-01 2003-08-19 Actaris S.A.S. Method for measuring oscillation frequency of a fluid jet in a fluidic oscillator
EP2390632A1 (fr) * 2010-05-27 2011-11-30 Aquametro AG Débitmètre
US8136413B2 (en) * 2007-03-13 2012-03-20 Elster Metering Limited Bi-directional oscillating jet flowmeter

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE330835B (fr) 1968-02-06 1970-11-30 P Bahrton
DE19510127C2 (de) 1995-03-21 1999-04-01 Grundfos As Schwingstrahlzähler
DE102017121918A1 (de) 2017-09-21 2019-03-21 Truedyne Sensors AG Messrohr zum Führen eines Fluides und Messgerät ein solches Messrohr umfassend

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1593680A (en) * 1976-11-02 1981-07-22 Gen Electric Fluidic flowmeters
US4182172A (en) * 1977-08-19 1980-01-08 Danielsson Olf H Flow meter
DE2840993A1 (de) 1977-09-26 1979-04-12 Fluid Inventor Ab Vorrichtung zum messen fluessigen stoffes
DE19633416A1 (de) * 1996-08-20 1997-04-03 Merkel Wolfgang Volumenstrom- und Dichtemesser VD 1
US6606915B2 (en) * 2000-09-01 2003-08-19 Actaris S.A.S. Method for measuring oscillation frequency of a fluid jet in a fluidic oscillator
US8136413B2 (en) * 2007-03-13 2012-03-20 Elster Metering Limited Bi-directional oscillating jet flowmeter
EP2390632A1 (fr) * 2010-05-27 2011-11-30 Aquametro AG Débitmètre

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