WO2024011742A1 - 生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉 - Google Patents

生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉 Download PDF

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WO2024011742A1
WO2024011742A1 PCT/CN2022/117996 CN2022117996W WO2024011742A1 WO 2024011742 A1 WO2024011742 A1 WO 2024011742A1 CN 2022117996 W CN2022117996 W CN 2022117996W WO 2024011742 A1 WO2024011742 A1 WO 2024011742A1
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combustion chamber
air
gasification
gas
smoke
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PCT/CN2022/117996
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English (en)
French (fr)
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万显君
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黑龙江中碳佳禾生物质技术研发有限公司
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Priority to US18/105,254 priority Critical patent/US20230184424A1/en
Publication of WO2024011742A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024011742A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/235—Temperature of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/305—Control of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1832—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners
    • F24H9/1845—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners using solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2057—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using solid fuel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of gasification and combustion of biomass pellet fuel, and more specifically, to a gasification boiler with downward movable surface gas phase combustion pyrolysis surface of biomass pellet fuel.
  • biomass energy as a renewable, storable and transportable energy has received national attention.
  • Crop straw has low density, wide distribution, large fluctuations in moisture content, etc. These characteristics have led to high collection, storage and transportation costs, low utilization efficiency, and have not been able to be used on a large scale.
  • biomass briquette fuel has the characteristics of low moisture content, high density, low storage and transportation costs, smooth surface, and small internal friction, which increases The fluidity and air permeability of biomass provide conditions for the design of fixed bed gasification boilers below 10MW.
  • the present invention proposes a downward-moving gasification boiler with surface gas-phase combustion pyrolysis surface of biomass molded fuel to effectively solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing technologies.
  • the specific technical solutions are as follows:
  • a gasification boiler with surface gas-phase combustion and pyrolysis surface downwards for biomass molded fuel including: gasification combustion chamber, gas combustion chamber, cage slag remover, heat exchange device, water jacket, air duct, and air distribution system.
  • a gasification combustion chamber sealing door is installed on the lower side of the gasification combustion chamber, and a sealed feeding door is installed on the upper side, and the gasification combustion chamber sealing door and the feeding door are located in the gasification combustion chamber.
  • the bottom of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber is provided with a downward opening, and the bottom end of the opening is connected to the inlet of the cage slag remover located at the lower part of the gasification combustion chamber, so
  • the slag removal port of the winch slag removal machine is connected to the outside of the boiler, and a slag removal port sealing door is installed at the slag removal port;
  • the top of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber is connected to an air outlet, and the air outlet is The upper end is connected to a ventilation chamber, which is composed of an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve.
  • the outer sleeve is provided with an air inlet for the outer sleeve, and a number of air outlets are evenly arranged on the side walls of the inner sleeve; the upper end of the inner sleeve is connected to In the gas combustion chamber at the upper part of the gasification combustion chamber, a gas combustion chamber sealing door is installed on the side of the gas combustion chamber, and the gas combustion chamber sealing door and the gasification combustion chamber sealing door are located on the same side;
  • the heat exchange device is integrally provided on the side of the gasification combustion chamber and the gas combustion chamber, and the side of the gas combustion chamber close to the heat exchange device is connected to the heat exchange device through a smoke outlet;
  • the water jacket is integrally installed on the periphery of the gasification combustion chamber, the gas combustion chamber, and the heat exchange device, and the water jacket is connected to the external network;
  • the wall cavity of the gasification combustion chamber is provided with five air ducts, which are respectively the first air duct, the second air duct, the third air duct, the fourth air duct, and the fifth air duct.
  • These five air ducts are The air inlets at the bottom of the air duct are correspondingly connected to the air distribution system; the air outlet of the first air duct is connected to the air nozzle one located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber, and the air outlet of the air nozzle one upward; the air outlet of the second air duct is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber; the air outlet of the third air duct is connected to the upper part of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber and the loading The lower position of the door is connected; the air outlet of the fourth air duct is connected to the second air nozzle located at the top of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber, and the air outlet of the second air nozzle faces downward; the fifth air duct The air outlet is connected with the air inlet of the jacket
  • the advantages of the present invention are that the fuel burns fully and completely, the combustion effect is high, the nitrogen oxide emissions are low, the particulate matter content in the flue gas is low, the dust removal equipment is omitted, and the combustible gas in the gasification combustion chamber has no deflagration phenomenon.
  • the boiler operates safely and has high thermal efficiency.
  • the wall cavities of the gasification combustion chamber and the gas combustion chamber are both filled with high-temperature refractory concrete, and the five air ducts are embedded in the high-temperature refractory concrete of the gasification combustion chamber.
  • the top of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber is in the shape of a frustum, and the middle outlet on the top of the frustum-shaped inner cavity is connected to the gas outlet.
  • the bottom of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber is a fixed bed, and the fixed bed is provided with the downward opening; the air nozzle is also installed on the fixed bed.
  • a trough-shaped high-temperature combustion chamber made of high-temperature refractory concrete and open at one end is provided at the middle position below the inner cavity of the gas combustion chamber; the bottom of the high-temperature combustion chamber is connected to the upper end of the inner sleeve, and the side is open. The end faces the gas combustion chamber to seal the door.
  • the heat exchange device includes a smoke chamber one, a smoke tube one, a smoke turning chamber, a smoke tube two, a smoke chamber two, and a smoke outlet.
  • the smoke chamber one and the smoke chamber two are arranged horizontally side by side, and The smoke chamber one is connected with the smoke outlet; the upper end of the smoke pipe one is connected with the bottom end of the smoke chamber one, and the lower end is connected with the top side of the smoke turning chamber, and the smoke turning chamber
  • the other side of the top of the chamber is connected to the lower end of the second smoke pipe, and the upper end of the second smoke pipe is connected to the second smoke chamber.
  • the top of the second smoke chamber is provided with the smoke outlet.
  • the air distribution system includes: a high-pressure variable frequency air pump, an air box and an electromagnetic valve.
  • the high-pressure variable frequency air pump is connected to the air inlet of the air box.
  • the five air outlet ports of the air box are respectively The bottom air inlets of the five air ducts are connected through corresponding ventilation pipes; there are five electromagnetic valves, which are respectively installed on the corresponding five ventilation pipes.
  • a temperature sensor is provided in both the gasification combustion chamber and the gas combustion chamber, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to each of the electromagnetic valves.
  • the temperature in the gasification combustion chamber is 600-800°C.
  • the temperature in the gas combustion chamber is 900-1100°C.
  • an automatic loading device is connected to the outside of the loading door.
  • the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art:
  • the fuel in the gasification combustion chamber is pyrolyzed and burned under low-temperature and oxygen-deficient conditions.
  • the temperature in the gasification combustion chamber is controlled at 800°C, which produces low NOx content, thus reducing NOx emissions;
  • the fuel layer in the gasification combustion chamber is burned from top to bottom, and the ash fixed carbon above has been pyrolyzed and burned multiple times, so the fixed carbon in the ash is completely burned out, and the fuel is burned fully and thoroughly, which improves combustion efficiency and saves energy. fuel usage;
  • the combustion area moves downward, generating thermal decomposition of combustible gas, so that very little flying dust is generated in the gasification combustion chamber, so the emission of particulate matter in the flue gas is low, eliminating the need for dust removal equipment, saving investment and meeting environmental protection requirements;
  • a heat exchange device is adopted to increase the convection heating surface, so that heat can be fully absorbed, the exhaust gas temperature of the gasification boiler is reduced, and the thermal efficiency of the gasification boiler is improved.
  • An automatic feeding device and a cage slag removal machine are added, which can automatically load materials and automatically remove slag, reducing the labor intensity of workers.
  • Figure 1 is a main cross-sectional structural view of the boiler provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional structural view along the direction A-A in Figure 1 .
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.
  • a biomass formed fuel surface gas phase combustion pyrolysis surface downward movable gasification boiler of the present invention includes: a gasification combustion chamber 1, a gas combustion chamber 2, a winch slag remover 3, Heat exchange device 4, water jacket 5, air duct 6, air distribution system 7.
  • a gasification combustion chamber sealing door 8 is installed on the lower side of the gasification combustion chamber 1, and a sealed feeding door 9 is installed on the upper side, and the gasification combustion chamber sealing door 8 and the feeding door 9 are located on different sides of the gasification combustion chamber 1. side.
  • the loading door 9 is used to add fuel and ignite into the gasification combustion chamber 1, and can be directly connected to an automatic loading device.
  • the bottom of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber 1 is a fixed bed 22.
  • the fixed bed 22 is provided with a downward passage 10.
  • the bottom end of the passage 10 is connected to the inlet of the winch slag remover 3 located at the lower part of the gasification combustion chamber 1.
  • the slag removal port of the winch slag removal machine 3 is connected to the outside of the boiler, and a slag removal port sealing door 11 is installed at the slag removal port.
  • the ash on the fixed bed 22 of the gasification combustion chamber 1 enters the slag removal machine 3 from the opening 10 on the fixed bed 22, and is discharged from the furnace through the slag removal port of the slag removal machine 3.
  • the slag removal port is sealed
  • the function of the door 11 is to cover the slag removal port sealing door 11 after the slag removal is completed to prevent gas leakage in the gasification combustion chamber 1 .
  • the top of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber 1 is in the shape of a frustum, which facilitates the collection of smoke and combustible gases.
  • the middle outlet on the top of the frustum-shaped inner cavity is connected to the air outlet 12, and the collected flue gas and combustible gas pass through the air outlet 12. Enter the gas combustion chamber 2.
  • the upper end of the air outlet 12 is connected to the ventilation chamber 13.
  • the air chamber 13 is composed of an outer jacket and an inner jacket.
  • the outer jacket is provided with an outer jacket air inlet connected to the fifth air duct 21.
  • a number of air outlets 14 are evenly arranged on the side peripheral wall of the inner jacket. .
  • the upper end of the inner sleeve is connected to the gas combustion chamber 2 located on the upper part of the gasification combustion chamber 1.
  • the air entering the air chamber 13 is heated, and the oxygen in the air coming out of the several air outlets 14 on the inner cover of the air chamber 13 fully mixes the smoke and combustible gas coming out of the air outlet 12, which helps the combustible gas of burning embers.
  • a gas combustion chamber sealing door 15 is installed on the side of the gas combustion chamber 2, and the gas combustion chamber sealing door 15 and the gasification combustion chamber sealing door 8 are located on the same side.
  • the gasification combustion chamber sealing door 8 and the gas combustion chamber sealing door 15 are used by staff to inspect, repair and clean the corresponding combustion chambers inside the boiler.
  • a trough-shaped high-temperature combustion chamber 23 with one end open made of high-temperature refractory concrete is provided at the middle position below the inner cavity of the gas combustion chamber 2; the bottom of the high-temperature combustion chamber 23 is connected to the upper end of the inner sleeve, and the side open end faces
  • the gas combustion chamber sealing door 15 allows the flue gas in the high temperature combustion chamber 23 to enter the gas combustion chamber 2 through its side open end.
  • the function of the high-temperature combustion chamber 23 is to heat the combustible gas and gasified tar coming out of the gasification combustion chamber 1 so that the heated combustible gas and gasified tar are burned to ashes.
  • the heat exchange device 4 is integrally provided on the side of the gasification combustion chamber 1 and the gas combustion chamber 2, which is opposite to the side where the loading door 9 is located.
  • the side of the gas combustion chamber 2 close to the heat exchange device 4 is connected to the gas combustion chamber 1 through the smoke outlet 16.
  • the heat exchange device 4 is connected, and the flue gas and the flue gas produced by the combustion of combustible gas in the gas combustion chamber 2 are discharged from the smoke outlet 16 into the flue of the heat exchange device 4 .
  • the heat exchange device 4 includes a smoke chamber 24, a smoke tube 25, a flue gas steering chamber 26, a smoke tube 27, a smoke chamber 28, and a flue gas outlet 29.
  • the smoke chamber 1 24 and the smoke chamber 2 28 are arranged horizontally. is set, and the smoke chamber 24 is connected with the smoke outlet 16; the upper end of the smoke pipe 25 is connected with the bottom end of the smoke chamber 24, and the lower end is connected with the top side of the smoke turning chamber 26, and the top side of the smoke turning chamber 26 is connected.
  • the other side is connected with the lower end of the second smoke pipe 27, and the upper end of the second smoke pipe 27 is connected with the second smoke chamber 28.
  • the top of the second smoke chamber 28 is provided with a smoke outlet 29.
  • the high-temperature flue gas of the gas combustion chamber 2 passes through the smoke outlet 16, the first smoke chamber 24, the first smoke pipe 25, the flue gas steering chamber 26, the second smoke pipe 27, and the second smoke chamber 28, and is discharged from the flue gas outlet 29 after convection heat exchange. .
  • a water jacket 5 is integrally installed on the periphery of the gasification combustion chamber 1, the gas combustion chamber 2, and the heat exchange device 4.
  • the water jacket 5 absorbs the radiant heat of the gasification combustion chamber 1 and the gas combustion chamber 2 and the convective heat of the heat exchange device 4. It absorbs heat and provides it to users through the external network.
  • the wall cavities of the gasification combustion chamber 1 and the gas combustion chamber 2 are both filled with high-temperature refractory concrete, which is used to reduce the water cooling of the corresponding combustion chambers, increase their radiant heat, and increase the temperature of the combustion chambers.
  • five air ducts 6 are provided in the high-temperature refractory concrete in the wall cavity of the gasification combustion chamber 1, namely the first air duct 17, the second air duct 18, the third air duct 19, the fourth air duct 20, the fifth Air duct 21 and air duct 6 are located on both sides, top and bottom of the gasification combustion chamber sealing door 8.
  • the gasification combustion chamber 1 heats the air in the air duct 6, which contributes to the combustion of combustible gas.
  • the bottom air inlets of these five air ducts are all connected to the air distribution system 7; the air outlet of the first air duct 17 is connected to the air nozzle 1 on the fixed bed 22 at the bottom of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber 1.
  • the air outlet faces upward; the air outlet of the second air duct 18 is connected with the lower part of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber 1; the air outlet of the third air duct 19 is connected with the upper part of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber 1 and the lower part of the loading door 9
  • the positions are connected; the air outlet of the fourth air duct 20 is connected to the air nozzle 2 located at the top of the inner cavity of the gasification combustion chamber 1, and the air outlet of the air nozzle 2 faces downward; the air outlet of the fifth air duct 21 is connected to the air inlet of the jacket.
  • the air distribution system 7 includes: a high-pressure variable frequency air pump 30, an air box 31 and an electromagnetic valve 32.
  • the high-pressure variable frequency air pump 30 is connected to the air box air inlet of the air box 31.
  • the five air box air outlets of the air box 31 pass through corresponding ventilation pipes respectively.
  • Road 33 connects the bottom air inlets of the five air ducts; there are five solenoid valves 32, which are respectively installed on the corresponding five ventilation pipes 33.
  • the bottom air inlet of the first air duct 17 corresponds to the supply of primary air
  • the bottom air inlet of the second air duct 18 corresponds to the supply of secondary air
  • the bottom air inlet of the third air duct 19 corresponds to the supply of tertiary air
  • the bottom air inlet of the fourth air duct 19 corresponds to the supply of tertiary air
  • the bottom air inlet of 20 corresponds to the fourth air supply
  • the bottom air inlet of the fifth air duct 21 corresponds to the fifth air supply.
  • Different secondary air flows are controlled by corresponding different solenoid valves 32.
  • a temperature sensor 34 is provided in both the gasification combustion chamber 1 and the gas combustion chamber 2 , and the temperature sensor 34 is electrically connected to each electromagnetic valve 32 .
  • the high-pressure variable frequency air pump 30 supplies air to the five corresponding air ducts 6 through each electromagnetic valve 32. According to the temperatures sensed by the temperature sensors 34 of the gasification combustion chamber 1 and the gas combustion chamber 2, the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 32 is adjusted in time to ensure stable combustion. .
  • the temperature in the gasification combustion chamber 1 is 600-800°C, and the air temperature in the gas combustion chamber 2 is 900-1100°C.
  • the unburned combustible gas enters through the outlet 12 at the top of the gasification combustion chamber 1.
  • the high-temperature combustion chamber 23 in the gas combustion chamber 2 opens the electromagnetic valve 32 corresponding to the fifth wind. Since the air chamber 13 is provided on the air outlet 12, the fifth wind passes through the air outlet hole 14 in the inner sleeve of the air chamber 13 and flows to the high temperature combustion chamber 23.
  • the combustible gas passing through the gas outlet 12 is given sufficient oxygen, so that the combustible gas and oxygen are fully mixed, and enters the high-temperature combustion chamber 23 and the gas combustion chamber 2.
  • the combustible gas is fully burned and burned out, and the generated smoke enters the exchanger through the smoke outlet 16.
  • the flue gas entering the heat exchange device 4 undergoes a second turn back to increase the residence time of the flue gas in the heat exchange device 4 and increase the heat exchange quality.
  • the heat after heat exchange is transferred to the water in the water jacket 5 for use by the user.
  • the smoke particles in the flue gas fall into the flue gas steering chamber 26 under the action of gravity, thereby increasing the dust removal effect.
  • the electromagnetic valve 32 corresponding to the secondary air is opened, so that the fuel in the entire fuel bed is burned, and the burned ash passes through the vent on the fixed bed 22 Enter the slag removal machine 3 through port 10, open the slag removal port sealing door 11 on the slag removal port of the slag removal machine 3, open the slag removal machine 3 to remove slag, and wait for the ash in the gasification combustion chamber 1 to be removed.
  • the slag comes out and is flush with the lower plane of the fixed bed 22, stop removing the slag, and then close the sealing door 11 of the slag removal port of the winch cage slag remover 3. At this time, you can continue to feed the material into the boiler, and the cycle continues.

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Abstract

一种生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，包括：气化燃烧室（1）、燃气燃烧室（2）、绞笼除渣机（3）、换热装置（4）、水套（5）、风道（6）、配风系统（7），气化燃烧室（1）的壁面内腔中设置有与配风系统（7）连接的风道（6）；燃气燃烧室（2）设在气化燃烧室（1）的上部，中间设有出气口（12）将二者相连通；在气化燃烧室（1）的通口（10）下部设有绞笼除渣机（3）；在气化燃烧室（1）和燃气燃烧室（2）侧面设有换热装置（4），通过燃气燃烧室（2）的出烟口（16）与之相连通；在气化燃烧室（1）、燃气燃烧室（2）和换热装置（4）的外围设有水套（5）。该锅炉的优点是燃料燃烧充分彻底，燃烧效果高，氮氧化物排放低，烟气中颗粒物含量低，省去了除尘设备，气化燃烧室（1）内的可燃气体无爆燃现象，锅炉安全运行，热效果高。

Description

生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉 技术领域
本发明涉及生物质成型燃料气化燃烧技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉。
背景技术
我国是农业大国，农作物秸秆年产量为8亿吨左右，居世界首位，目前，我国秸秆的主要用途是造纸、饲料、农村生活能源(作为燃料使用)，还有一部分用来还田造肥，其余的秸秆则被废弃或焚烧，焚烧产生的大量烟雾，不仅成为农村环境保护的瓶颈问题，甚至成为殃及城市环境的罪魁祸首。
随着经济的发展，面对化石能源日益枯竭及环境问题日益严重，作为可再生可储运的生物质能源受到了国家的重视，农作物秸秆由于其具有密度低、分布广、含水率波动大等特点，导致其收储运成本高，利用效率低，一直不能大规模利用，但生物质成型燃料具有含水率低、密度大、储运成本低、表面光滑，内摩擦力小的特点，增加了生物质流动性、透气性，为设计10MW以下的固定床气化锅炉提供了条件。
目前的生物质成型燃料气化锅炉存在较多问题，如结构不合理，燃料燃烧不充分、不彻底，排除的灰渣含固定碳较高，燃烧效率低，氮化化物排放过高，烟气净利工艺繁琐，炉膛内的可燃气体易爆炸，存在安全隐患等问题。
因此，如何优化气化锅炉的结构设计和优化生物质成型燃料气化燃烧工艺，提高燃料气化燃烧效率，降低烟尘排放，成为了本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提出了一种生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，以有效解决上述现有技术存在的问题，其具体技术方案如下：
一种生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，包括：气化燃烧室、燃气燃烧室、绞笼除渣机、换热装置、水套、风道、配风系统， 所述气化燃烧室的下方侧面安装有气化燃烧室密封门，上方侧面安装有密封的上料门，且所述气化燃烧室密封门与所述上料门位于所述气化燃烧室的不同侧；所述气化燃烧室的内腔底部设有向下的通口，所述通口的底端连接位于所述气化燃烧室下部的所述绞笼除渣机的进口，所述绞笼除渣机的除渣口与锅炉外界连通，且所述除渣口处安装有除渣口密封门；所述气化燃烧室的内腔顶部上连出气口，所述出气口的上端连通风室，所述风室由外套和内套组成，所述外套上设有外套进风口，所述内套的侧周壁上均匀布置有若干出风孔；所述内套的上端连通位于所述气化燃烧室上部的所述燃气燃烧室，所述燃气燃烧室的侧面安装有燃气燃烧室密封门，且所述燃气燃烧室密封门与所述气化燃烧室密封门位于同侧；所述换热装置整体设于所述气化燃烧室、所述燃气燃烧室的侧面，所述燃气燃烧室靠近所述换热装置的一侧通过出烟口与所述换热装置连通；所述气化燃烧室、所述燃气燃烧室、所述换热装置的外围整体安装有所述水套，所述水套与外网连通；
所述气化燃烧室的壁面内腔中设置有五条所述风道，分别为第一风道、第二风道、第三风道、第四风道、第五风道，这五条所述风道的底部进风口均与所述配风系统对应连接；所述第一风道的出风口连接位于所述气化燃烧室的内腔底部的风嘴一，所述风嘴一的出风口朝上；所述第二风道的出风口与所述气化燃烧室的内腔下部连通；所述第三风道的出风口与所述气化燃烧室的内腔上部、所述上料门的靠下位置连通；所述第四风道的出风口连接位于所述气化燃烧室的内腔顶部的风嘴二，所述风嘴二的出风口朝下；所述第五风道的出风口与所述外套进风口连通。
通过采用上述技术方案，本发明的优点是燃料燃烧充分彻底，燃烧效果高，氮氧化物排放低，烟气中颗粒物含量低，省去了除尘设备，气化燃烧室内的可燃气体无爆燃现象，锅炉安全运行，热效果高。
优选地，所述气化燃烧室与所述燃气燃烧室的壁面内腔中均填充有高温耐火混凝土，五条所述风道均嵌置于所述气化燃烧室的高温耐火混凝土中。
优选地，所述气化燃烧室的内腔顶部呈锥台状，锥台状内腔顶部的中间出口上连所述出气口。
优选地，所述气化燃烧室的内腔底部为固定床，所述固定床上设有向下的所述通口；所述风嘴一也安装于所述固定床上。
优选地，所述燃气燃烧室的内腔下方中间位置设有一用高温耐火混凝土制成的一端开口的槽型高温燃烧室；所述高温燃烧室的底部与所述内套的上端连通，侧面开口端朝向所述燃气燃烧室密封门。
优选地，所述换热装置包括烟室一、烟管一、烟气转向室、烟管二、烟室二、烟气出口，所述烟室一与所述烟室二水平并排设置，且所述烟室一与所述出烟口连通；所述烟管一的上端与所述烟室一的底端连通，下端与所述烟气转向室的顶部一侧连通，所述烟气转向室的顶部另一侧与所述烟管二的下端连通，所述烟管二的上端与所述烟室二连通，所述烟室二的顶端设有所述烟气出口。
优选地，所述配风系统包括：高压变频气泵、气箱以及电磁阀门，所述高压变频气泵与所述气箱的气箱进气口连通，所述气箱的五个气箱出气口分别通过对应通气管路连接五个所述风道的底部进风口；所述电磁阀门共有五个，分别安装在对应的五条所述通气管路上。
优选地，所述气化燃烧室和所述燃气燃烧室内均设置有温度传感器，所述温度传感器与各所述电磁阀门电性连接。
优选地，所述气化燃烧室内的温度为600～800℃。
优选地，所述燃气燃烧室内的温度为900～1100℃。
优选地，所述上料门外连接有自动上料装置。
本发明由于采用上述技术方案，相对于现有技术取得以下有益效果：
1.由于气化燃烧室内的可燃气体一直处于明火燃烧状态，可杜绝气化锅炉内可燃气体爆燃现象，保证气化锅炉的安全运行；
2.气化燃烧室内的燃料，在低温缺氧的条件热解燃烧，气化燃烧室内温度控制在800℃下，产生的NOx含量低，从而减少了NOx的排放；
3.气化燃烧室内的燃料层是从上往下燃烧，上面的灰渣固定炭经过多次热解燃烧，所以灰渣中固定碳彻底燃尽，燃料燃烧充分彻底，提高了燃烧效率，节省了燃料的使用量；
4.燃烧区域向下移动，产生热解析出可燃气体，使气化燃烧室内产生的飞尘极少，所以烟气中颗粒物排放量低，省去了除尘设备，节省投资又达到环保要求；
5.采用了换热装置，增加对流受热面，使热量能够充分吸收，气化锅炉 的排烟温度降低，提高了气化锅炉的热效率。
6.增加了自动上料装置、绞笼除渣机，可自动上料，自动除渣，减少了工人的劳动强度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明所提供的锅炉的主剖面结构图。
图2为图1A-A方向的剖面结构图。
图中：1-气化燃烧室，2-燃气燃烧室，3-绞笼除渣机，4-换热装置，5-水套，6-风道，7-配风系统，8-气化燃烧室密封门，9-上料门，10-通口，11-除渣口密封门，12-出气口，13-风室，14-出风孔，15-燃气燃烧室密封门，16-出烟口，17-第一风道，18-第二风道，19-第三风道，20-第四风道，21-第五风道，22-固定床，23-高温燃烧室，24-烟室一，25-烟管一，26-烟气转向室，27-烟管二，28-烟室二，29-烟气出口，30-高压变频气泵，31-气箱，32-电磁阀门，33-通气管路，34-温度传感器。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或 暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
实施例：
如图1、图2所示，本发明一种生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，包括：气化燃烧室1、燃气燃烧室2、绞笼除渣机3、换热装置4、水套5、风道6、配风系统7。
气化燃烧室1的下方侧面安装有气化燃烧室密封门8，上方侧面安装有密封的上料门9，且气化燃烧室密封门8与上料门9位于气化燃烧室1的不同侧。上料门9用于往气化燃烧室1内加入燃料和点火，其可直接外连自动上料装置。
气化燃烧室1的内腔底部为固定床22，固定床22上设有向下的通口10，通口10的底端连接位于气化燃烧室1下部的绞笼除渣机3的进口，绞笼除渣机3的除渣口与锅炉外界连通，且除渣口处安装有除渣口密封门11。气化燃烧室1的固定床22上的灰渣从固定床22上的通口10进入绞笼除渣机3内，通过绞笼除渣机3的除渣口排出炉外，除渣口密封门11的作用是在除渣结束后盖上除渣口密封门11，防止气化燃烧室1内的气体泄漏。
气化燃烧室1的内腔顶部呈锥台状，便于烟气和可燃气体的汇集，锥台状内腔顶部的中间出口上连出气口12，汇集后的烟气及可燃气体通过出气口12进入燃气燃烧室2中。
出气口12的上端连通风室13，风室13由外套和内套组成，外套上设有与第五风道21相连的外套进风口，内套的侧周壁上均匀布置有若干出风孔14。内套的上端连通位于气化燃烧室1上部的燃气燃烧室2。进入风室13的空气是经过加热的，从风室13内套上的若干个出风孔14出来的空气中的氧气将出气口12出来的烟气和可燃气体充分混合，有助于可燃气体的燃烬。
燃气燃烧室2的侧面安装有燃气燃烧室密封门15，且燃气燃烧室密封门15与气化燃烧室密封门8位于同侧。气化燃烧室密封门8、燃气燃烧室密封门15用于工作人员对锅炉内部对应燃烧室进行检查、维修和清理。
进一步的，燃气燃烧室2的内腔下方中间位置还设有一用高温耐火混凝 土制成的一端开口的槽型高温燃烧室23；高温燃烧室23的底部与内套的上端连通，侧面开口端朝向燃气燃烧室密封门15，高温燃烧室23内的烟气经其侧面开口端进入燃气燃烧室2。高温燃烧室23的作用是将从气化燃烧室1出来的可燃气体和气化后焦油加热，使加热后的可燃气体和气化后焦油燃烬。
换热装置4整体设于气化燃烧室1、燃气燃烧室2的侧面，该侧面与上料门9所在的侧面相对，燃气燃烧室2靠近换热装置4的一侧通过出烟口16与换热装置4连通，燃气燃烧室2内烟气和可燃气体燃烧产生的烟气从出烟口16排向换热装置4的烟道中。
具体的，换热装置4包括烟室一24、烟管一25、烟气转向室26、烟管二27、烟室二28、烟气出口29，烟室一24与烟室二28水平并排设置，且烟室一24与出烟口16连通；烟管一25的上端与烟室一24的底端连通，下端与烟气转向室26的顶部一侧连通，烟气转向室26的顶部另一侧与烟管二27的下端连通，烟管二27的上端与烟室二28连通，烟室二28的顶端设有烟气出口29。燃气燃烧室2的高温烟气经出烟口16、烟室一24、烟管一25、烟气转向室26、烟管二27、烟室二28对流换热后，从烟气出口29排出。
气化燃烧室1、燃气燃烧室2、换热装置4的外围整体安装有水套5，水套5吸收气化燃烧室1和燃气燃烧室2的辐射热以及换热装置4的对流热，其吸收热量后通过外网供用户使用。
气化燃烧室1与燃气燃烧室2的壁面内腔中均填充有高温耐火混凝土，用于降低对应燃烧室的水冷度，增加其辐射热，提高燃烧室的温度。
同时，气化燃烧室1壁面内腔的高温耐火混凝土中设置有五条风道6，分别为第一风道17、第二风道18、第三风道19、第四风道20、第五风道21，风道6设在气化燃烧室密封门8的两侧及顶端和底部，气化燃烧室1给风道6内的空气加热，有助于可燃气体的燃烧，具体的，
这五条风道的底部进风口均与配风系统7对应连接；第一风道17的出风口连接位于气化燃烧室1内腔底部的固定床22上的风嘴一，风嘴一的出风口朝上；第二风道18的出风口与气化燃烧室1的内腔下部连通；第三风道19的出风口与气化燃烧室1的内腔上部、上料门9的靠下位置连通；第四风道20的出风口连接位于气化燃烧室1的内腔顶部的风嘴二，风嘴二的出风口朝下；第五风道21的出风口与外套进风口连通。
配风系统7包括：高压变频气泵30、气箱31以及电磁阀门32，高压变频气泵30与气箱31的气箱进气口连通，气箱31的五个气箱出气口分别通过对应通气管路33连接五个风道的底部进风口；电磁阀门32共有五个，分别安装在对应的五条通气管路33上。
第一风道17的底部进风口对应供入一次风，第二风道18的底部进风口对应供入二次风，第三风道19的底部进风口对应供入三次风，第四风道20的底部进风口对应供入四次风，第五风道21的底部进风口对应供入五次风。不同次风依靠对应的不同电磁阀门32进行控制。
进一步的，气化燃烧室1和燃气燃烧室2内均设置有温度传感器34，温度传感器34与各电磁阀门32电性连接。
高压变频气泵30通过各电磁阀门32向五个对应风道6送风，根据气化燃烧室1和燃气燃烧室2的温度传感器34感应的温度，及时调整电磁阀门32的开启程度，保证燃烧稳定。气化燃烧室1内温度为600～800℃，燃气燃烧室2风温度为900～1100℃。
本发明的具体工作原理为：
打开气化燃烧室1侧壁的上料门9，用自动上料机从上料门9向气化燃烧室1中加入燃料，待燃料加到上料门9下面位置时，停止加料。在上料门9处点火，燃料层上部点火燃烧后，关闭上料门9，开启一次风、三次风以及四次风对应的电磁阀门32，燃烧初期，上部燃料产生氧化反应(燃料层上部有明火阶段)，热量及燃烧区域向下移动，并产生热解，析出可燃气体，由于一次风供风，氧气经过燃料床向顶部移动，导致燃料顶部氧气不足，因此顶部燃料无法充分燃烧，逐渐顶部区域的生物质转变成生物质炭(顶部燃料层无明火)，但是其下部的温度仍然能维持热解，同时热解后的焦油、二氧化碳和水蒸气在经过顶部的生物质炭层又再次裂解为可燃气体，经过三次风和四次风的氧氧混合，在气化燃烧室1顶部，焦油和可燃气体再次燃烧，未燃尽的可燃气体通过气化燃烧室1顶端的出气口12，进入燃气燃烧室2中的高温燃烧室23，开启五次风对应的电磁阀门32，由于在出气口12上设有风室13，五次风经过风室13内套上的出风孔14，向通过出气口12的可燃气体给予充足的氧气，使可燃气体和氧气充分混合，进入高温燃烧室23和燃气燃烧室2中，可燃气体充分燃烧燃尽，产生的烟气经过出烟口16进入换热装置4。 进入换热装置4的烟气，经过二次折返，增加烟气在换热装置4的停留时间，增加换热质量，换热后的热量传给水套5中的水，供用户使用，折返时烟气中的烟尘颗粒在重力的作用下，烟尘颗粒掉进烟气转向室26，增加除尘效果。
在燃烧过程中，随着热解面的下移，燃烧至底部时，开启二次风对应的电磁阀门32，使整个燃料床的燃料燃烧完，燃烧后的灰渣通过固定床22上的通口10进入绞笼除渣机3，打开绞笼除渣机3的除渣口上的除渣口密封门11，开启绞笼除渣机3进行除渣，待把气化燃烧室1中的灰渣出到和固定床22下平面平齐时，停止除渣，然后将绞笼除渣机3的除渣口密封门11关闭，此时可以继续往锅炉里进料，依次循环下去。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，包括：气化燃烧室、燃气燃烧室、绞笼除渣机、换热装置、水套、风道、配风系统，所述气化燃烧室的下方侧面安装有气化燃烧室密封门，上方侧面安装有密封的上料门，且所述气化燃烧室密封门与所述上料门位于所述气化燃烧室的不同侧；所述气化燃烧室的内腔底部设有向下的通口，所述通口的底端连接位于所述气化燃烧室下部的所述绞笼除渣机的进口，所述绞笼除渣机的除渣口与锅炉外界连通，且所述除渣口处安装有除渣口密封门；所述气化燃烧室的内腔顶部上连出气口，所述出气口的上端连通风室，所述风室由外套和内套组成，所述外套上设有外套进风口，所述内套的侧周壁上均匀布置有若干出风孔；所述内套的上端连通位于所述气化燃烧室上部的所述燃气燃烧室，所述燃气燃烧室的侧面安装有燃气燃烧室密封门，且所述燃气燃烧室密封门与所述气化燃烧室密封门位于同侧；所述换热装置整体设于所述气化燃烧室、所述燃气燃烧室的侧面，所述燃气燃烧室靠近所述换热装置的一侧通过出烟口与所述换热装置连通；所述气化燃烧室、所述燃气燃烧室、所述换热装置的外围整体安装有所述水套，所述水套与外网连通；
    所述气化燃烧室的壁面内腔中设置有五条所述风道，分别为第一风道、第二风道、第三风道、第四风道、第五风道，这五条所述风道的底部进风口均与所述配风系统对应连接；所述第一风道的出风口连接位于所述气化燃烧室的内腔底部的风嘴一，所述风嘴一的出风口朝上；所述第二风道的出风口与所述气化燃烧室的内腔下部连通；所述第三风道的出风口与所述气化燃烧室的内腔上部、所述上料门的靠下位置连通；所述第四风道的出风口连接位于所述气化燃烧室的内腔顶部的风嘴二，所述风嘴二的出风口朝下；所述第五风道的出风口与所述外套进风口连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，所述气化燃烧室与所述燃气燃烧室的壁面内腔中均填充有高温耐火混凝土，五条所述风道均嵌置于所述气化燃烧室的高温耐火混凝土中。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，所述气化燃烧室的内腔顶部呈锥台状，锥台状 内腔顶部的中间出口上连所述出气口。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，所述气化燃烧室的内腔底部为固定床，所述固定床上设有向下的所述通口；所述风嘴一也安装于所述固定床上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，所述燃气燃烧室的内腔下方中间位置设有一用高温耐火混凝土制成的一端开口的槽型高温燃烧室；所述高温燃烧室的底部与所述内套的上端连通，侧面开口端朝向所述燃气燃烧室密封门。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，所述换热装置包括烟室一、烟管一、烟气转向室、烟管二、烟室二、烟气出口，所述烟室一与所述烟室二水平并排设置，且所述烟室一与所述出烟口连通；所述烟管一的上端与所述烟室一的底端连通，下端与所述烟气转向室的顶部一侧连通，所述烟气转向室的顶部另一侧与所述烟管二的下端连通，所述烟管二的上端与所述烟室二连通，所述烟室二的顶端设有所述烟气出口。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，所述配风系统包括：高压变频气泵、气箱以及电磁阀门，所述高压变频气泵与所述气箱的气箱进气口连通，所述气箱的五个气箱出气口分别通过对应通气管路连接五个所述风道的底部进风口；所述电磁阀门共有五个，分别安装在对应的五条所述通气管路上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，所述气化燃烧室和所述燃气燃烧室内均设置有温度传感器，所述温度传感器与各所述电磁阀门电性连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，所述气化燃烧室内的温度为600～800℃。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的生物质成型燃料表面气相燃烧热解面向下移动式气化锅炉，其特征在于，所述燃气燃烧室内的温度为900～1100℃。
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