WO2024009575A1 - 燃焼システム - Google Patents

燃焼システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024009575A1
WO2024009575A1 PCT/JP2023/014271 JP2023014271W WO2024009575A1 WO 2024009575 A1 WO2024009575 A1 WO 2024009575A1 JP 2023014271 W JP2023014271 W JP 2023014271W WO 2024009575 A1 WO2024009575 A1 WO 2024009575A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
boiler
heat exchanger
vaporizer
flow rate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2023/014271
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
原栄 崔
俊郎 藤森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IHI Corp
Original Assignee
IHI Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IHI Corp filed Critical IHI Corp
Priority to CN202380032722.2A priority Critical patent/CN119013515A/zh
Priority to JP2023560612A priority patent/JP7491483B1/ja
Priority to KR1020247036802A priority patent/KR20240172753A/ko
Publication of WO2024009575A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024009575A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F23C1/12—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air gaseous and pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues

Definitions

  • Ammonia is known as a fuel that does not emit CO2 .
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose equipment that uses ammonia as fuel. In these documents, ammonia is stored in liquid state. Before being combusted, liquid ammonia is vaporized and combusted in a gaseous state. In these documents, the exhaust heat after combustion is used to vaporize ammonia.
  • the present disclosure aims to provide a combustion system that can improve energy efficiency.
  • a combustion system includes a vaporizer that heats liquid ammonia using a heat medium, a boiler that is connected to the vaporizer and burns fuel containing ammonia from the vaporizer, and a flue that is connected to the boiler.
  • an induced draft fan disposed in the duct to guide exhaust gas from the boiler, and a heat exchanger disposed upstream of the induced draft fan in the flue, the heat exchanger having a circulating flow path through which a heat medium flows.
  • the heat exchanger is cyclically connected to the vaporizer, and the heat exchanger cools the exhaust gas flowing through the flue by means of a heat transfer medium that receives cold energy from liquid ammonia.
  • the combustion system may include a recovery device that recovers condensed water from the cooled exhaust gas.
  • the recovery device may be connected to the boiler, and may supply condensed water to the boiler as make-up water.
  • the combustion system may include a control device that adjusts the flow rate of the heat medium based on at least one of the temperature of the exhaust gas, the flow rate of the exhaust gas, and the flow rate of ammonia.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a combustion system according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and saturated water vapor pressure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a combustion system 100 according to an embodiment.
  • the combustion system 100 may also be simply referred to as a "system.”
  • the system 100 includes a tank 1, a vaporizer (EVA) 2, a boiler 3, a heat exchanger (HEX) 4, an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 5, an induced draft fan (IDF) 6, It includes a chimney 7, a recovery device 8, a steam turbine 50, a generator 60, and a control device 90.
  • EVA vaporizer
  • HEX heat exchanger
  • ESP electrostatic precipitator
  • IDF induced draft fan
  • the components of the system 100 are not limited to these, and the system 100 may further include other components. Additionally, system 100 may not include at least one of the components described above.
  • a tank (ammonia supply source) 1 supplies liquid ammonia to a vaporizer 2.
  • Tank 1 stores liquid ammonia.
  • Tank 1 is connected to vaporizer 2 by flow path L1.
  • Liquid ammonia in the tank 1 is supplied to the vaporizer 2 via the flow path L1.
  • the flow path L1 is provided with a pump P1 for sending liquid ammonia.
  • the pump P1 may be communicably connected to the control device 90 by wire or wirelessly, and the control device 90 may control the operation of the pump P1.
  • the vaporizer 2 heats liquid ammonia from the tank 1 using a heat medium, which will be described later, that is heated by the heat exchanger 4.
  • the heated liquid ammonia vaporizes into gaseous ammonia.
  • the heat carrier is cooled by liquid ammonia in the vaporizer 2 and receives cold energy from the liquid ammonia.
  • the vaporizer 2 is connected to the boiler 3 by a flow path L2.
  • the boiler 3 includes a combustor 31 that burns fuel containing gaseous ammonia from the vaporizer 2.
  • the combustor 31 may burn a mixed fuel containing ammonia and other fuel such as pulverized coal. Further, for example, the combustor 31 may burn only ammonia. Further, for example, the combustor 31 may burn only fuel other than ammonia, if necessary.
  • the boiler 3 heats water using heat from combustion to generate steam. In the combustor 31, exhaust gas is generated by combustion.
  • the steam turbine 50 is connected to the boiler 3 through a flow path L3. Steam generated in the boiler 3 is supplied to the steam turbine 50 via a flow path L3. The steam turbine 50 is rotated by steam from the boiler 3. The generator 60 rotates together with the steam turbine 50 and generates electricity.
  • a heat exchanger 4 an electrostatic precipitator 5, and an induced draft fan 6 are arranged in this order from the boiler 3 to the flue L4 that connects the boiler 3 and the chimney 7.
  • the system 100 may further include other equipment (not shown) in the flue L4. Exhaust gas generated in the boiler 3 flows from the boiler 3 toward the chimney 7 through the flue L4.
  • the heat exchanger 4 is disposed downstream of the boiler 3 in the flue L4 and is connected to the boiler 3. Further, the heat exchanger 4 is cyclically connected to the vaporizer 2 through a circulation passage L5. A heat medium flows through the circulation channel L5. The heat exchanger 4 cools the exhaust gas flowing through the flue L4 using the heat medium that has received cold energy from the liquid ammonia in the vaporizer 2. This causes some of the water vapor in the exhaust gas to condense into water. In another aspect, the heat medium is heated in the heat exchanger 4 by exhaust gas.
  • the combustion reaction equation of ammonia is shown as 2NH 3 +1.5O 2 ⁇ N 2 +3H 2 O.
  • the equivalence ratio is 1, three molecules of water are produced from two molecules of ammonia. Therefore, when the boiler 3 burns only ammonia, more than 70% of the exhaust gas can become water vapor in terms of volume ratio. For example, when the boiler 3 burns only pulverized coal, about 10 to 20% of the exhaust gas can become water vapor.
  • the exhaust gas flowing through the flue L4 contains more water vapor.
  • the exhaust gas is cooled by the heat medium in the heat exchanger 4, and a portion of the water vapor in the exhaust gas is condensed into water. Therefore, even when the exhaust gas contains a large amount of water vapor, the water vapor in the exhaust gas can be reduced in the heat exchanger 4.
  • the heat medium flowing through the circulation path L5 may be, for example, brine.
  • the brine may be an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride, calcium chloride, or the like.
  • the heat medium is not limited to this, and other fluids may be used.
  • the heat transfer medium may be a fluid having a freezing point lower than the boiling point of liquid ammonia.
  • a recovery device 8 is provided in the heat exchanger 4.
  • the recovery device 8 recovers condensed water from the exhaust gas cooled by the heat medium in the heat exchanger 4 .
  • the recovery vessel 8 may be a tank or a pit connected to the bottom of the heat exchanger 4.
  • the recovery device 8 may recover condensed water that falls to the bottom of the heat exchanger 4 from the exhaust gas.
  • the position where the recovery device 8 is provided is not limited to this, and the recovery device 8 is installed at a position downstream of the heat exchanger 4 in the flue L4, for example, a position between the heat exchanger 4 and the induced draft fan 6. may be provided.
  • the recovery vessel 8 is connected to the boiler 3 through a flow path L6.
  • the condensed water recovered by the recovery device 8 is supplied to the boiler 3 as make-up water via the flow path L6. Therefore, water produced by combustion of ammonia can be reused in the boiler 3.
  • the flow path L6 is provided with a pump P2 for sending condensed water.
  • the pump P2 may be communicably connected to the control device 90 by wire or wirelessly, and the control device 90 may control the operation of the pump P2.
  • the flow path L6 may be provided with a filter (not shown), such as a reverse osmosis membrane (RO), for purifying the condensed water.
  • RO reverse osmosis membrane
  • the collector 8 may be connected to other equipment (not shown) in the system 100 and the condensed water may be recycled there as industrial water.
  • condensed water may be reused as water for injection in a cooling tower.
  • the condensed water may be purified and then reused as agricultural water or drinking water.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 5 is disposed downstream of the heat exchanger 4 in the flue L4 and is connected to the heat exchanger 4.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 5 removes particles (soot and dust) from exhaust gas. Specifically, the electrostatic precipitator 5 applies a high voltage between a discharge electrode and a dust collection electrode to generate corona discharge. Ions are generated by corona discharge. Particles in the exhaust gas charged by the ions are attracted to the dust collection electrode by electrostatic attraction. Particles collected on the dust collection pole are removed.
  • the induced draft fan 6 is arranged downstream of the electrostatic precipitator 5 in the flue L4, and is connected to the electrostatic precipitator 5.
  • the induced draft fan 6 guides exhaust gas from the boiler 3 to the chimney 7.
  • the induced draft fan 6 maintains the boiler 3 at negative pressure.
  • exhaust gas is pressurized.
  • the exhaust gas is cooled by the heat medium in the heat exchanger 4, so the volume of the exhaust gas flowing through the flue L4 is reduced. Therefore, the volume of exhaust gas flowing into the induced draft fan 6 is reduced. This can also reduce the load on the induced draft fan 6. Furthermore, as the volume of exhaust gas decreases, the boiler 3 is more likely to be maintained at a negative pressure.
  • the chimney 7 is arranged downstream of the induced draft fan 6 in the flue L4, and is connected to the induced draft fan 6.
  • the chimney 7 releases exhaust gas to the outside.
  • a pump P3 for circulating the heat medium is provided in the circulation passage L5.
  • Pump P3 is communicably connected to control device 90 by wire or wirelessly.
  • Control device 90 controls the operation of pump P3.
  • a valve V1 is provided in the circulation flow path L5.
  • the valve V1 is communicably connected to the control device 90 by wire or wirelessly.
  • the control device 90 adjusts the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the circulation path L5 by controlling the opening degree of the valve V1.
  • the system 100 includes a temperature sensor S1 in the flue L4. Temperature sensor S1 is arranged to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing out of heat exchanger 4. For example, the temperature sensor S1 is placed downstream of the heat exchanger 4 in the flue L4. However, the position of the temperature sensor S1 is not limited to this, and the temperature sensor S1 may be placed at another position.
  • the system 100 includes a flow rate sensor S2 in the flue L4.
  • the flow rate sensor S2 is arranged to measure the flow rate of exhaust gas flowing through the flue L4.
  • the flow rate sensor S2 is placed downstream of the heat exchanger 4 in the flue L4.
  • the position of the flow rate sensor S2 is not limited to this, and the flow rate sensor S2 may be placed at another position.
  • the system 100 includes a flow rate sensor S3 in the flow path L1.
  • Flow sensor S3 is arranged to measure the flow rate of liquid ammonia sent from tank 1 to vaporizer 2.
  • the flow rate sensor S3 is arranged at a position upstream of the vaporizer 2 and upstream of the pump P1 in the flow path L1.
  • the position of the flow rate sensor S3 is not limited to this, and the flow rate sensor S3 may be placed at another position.
  • the temperature sensor S1 and the flow rate sensors S2 and S3 are communicably connected to the control device 90 by wire or wirelessly, and transmit measured data to the control device 90.
  • system 100 may further include other sensors. Also, in other embodiments, system 100 may not include at least one of temperature sensor S1 and flow rate sensors S2, S3.
  • the control device 90 controls the whole or part of the system 100.
  • controller 90 may include one or more computers.
  • the operations of the control device 90 described in this disclosure may be performed by one computer, or may be performed separately by multiple computers.
  • the control device 90 includes components such as a processor 90a, a storage device 90b, and a connector 90c, and these components are connected to each other via a bus.
  • the processor 90a includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
  • the storage device 90b includes a hard disk, a ROM in which programs and the like are stored, and a RAM as a work area.
  • the control device 90 is communicably connected to the components of the system 100 via a connector 90c in a wired or wireless manner.
  • control device 90 may further include other components such as a display device such as a liquid crystal display or a touch panel, and an input device such as a keyboard, buttons, or a touch panel.
  • a display device such as a liquid crystal display or a touch panel
  • an input device such as a keyboard, buttons, or a touch panel.
  • the operation of the control device 90 described in this disclosure may be realized by having the processor 90a execute a program stored in the storage device 90b.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and saturated water vapor pressure.
  • the horizontal axis shows temperature
  • the vertical axis shows saturated water vapor pressure.
  • the control device 90 may store 60° C. in the storage device 90b as the exhaust gas temperature threshold.
  • the threshold value is not limited to 60° C. and may vary depending on various factors such as the performance of the induced draft fan 6, for example.
  • the processor 90a of the control device 90 controls the system 100 so that the temperature of the exhaust gas received from the temperature sensor S1 is less than the above threshold value.
  • the processor 90a controls the valve V1 to adjust the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the circulation path L5 so that the temperature of the exhaust gas received from the temperature sensor S1 becomes less than a threshold value.
  • processor 90a may control valve V1 to increase the flow rate of the heat medium.
  • processor 90a may control valve V1 to reduce the flow rate of the heat medium.
  • the processor 90a may adjust the flow rate of the heat medium based on a parameter other than the temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • the processor 90a may adjust the flow rate of the heat medium based on the flow rate of exhaust gas received from the flow rate sensor S2. For example, when the flow rate of the exhaust gas received from the flow rate sensor S2 increases, the processor 90a may control the valve V1 to increase the flow rate of the heat medium. Conversely, when the flow rate of the exhaust gas received from the flow rate sensor S2 decreases, the processor 90a may control the valve V1 to reduce the flow rate of the heat medium.
  • the processor 90a may adjust the flow rate of the heat medium based on the flow rate of liquid ammonia received from the flow rate sensor S3. For example, when the flow rate of liquid ammonia received from flow sensor S3 increases, processor 90a may control valve V1 to increase the flow rate of the heat medium. Conversely, when the flow rate of liquid ammonia received from flow sensor S3 decreases, processor 90a may control valve V1 to reduce the flow rate of the heat medium.
  • the system 100 as described above includes a vaporizer 2 that heats liquid ammonia using a heat medium, a boiler 3 that is connected to the vaporizer 2 and burns fuel containing ammonia from the vaporizer 2, and a boiler 3 that is connected to the boiler 3. It includes an induced draft fan 6 that is disposed in the flue L4 and guides exhaust gas from the boiler 3, and a heat exchanger 4 that is disposed upstream of the induced draft fan 6 in the flue L4.
  • the heat exchanger 4 is cyclically connected to the vaporizer 2 through a circulation path L5 through which a heat medium flows.
  • the heat exchanger 4 cools the exhaust gas flowing through the flue L4 using a heat medium that has received cold energy from liquid ammonia.
  • the exhaust gas contains more water vapor.
  • the water vapor in the exhaust gas can be reduced in the heat exchanger 4. Therefore, an increase in the load on the induced draft fan 6 can be suppressed.
  • the heat obtained from the exhaust gas can be used to vaporize liquid ammonia. Thus, energy efficiency can be improved when system 100 uses ammonia as a fuel.
  • the system 100 also includes a recovery device 8 that recovers condensed water from the cooled exhaust gas. According to such a configuration, condensed water can be stored for reuse.
  • the recovery device 8 is connected to the boiler 3 and supplies condensed water to the boiler 3 as make-up water. According to such a configuration, the amount of water newly added to the system 100 as make-up water for the boiler 3 can be reduced.
  • the system 100 also includes a control device 90 that adjusts the flow rate of the heat medium based on at least one of the temperature of the exhaust gas, the flow rate of the exhaust gas, and the flow rate of ammonia. According to such a configuration, the flow rate of the heat medium can be appropriately adjusted depending on the operating status of the system 100.
  • system 100 includes the electrostatic precipitator 5 in the flue L4. In other embodiments, system 100 may not include electrostatic precipitator 5.
  • the present disclosure can promote the use of ammonia, which leads to reduced CO2 emissions, so that it can, for example, support Goal 7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy. and Goal 13: “Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.”
  • SDGs Sustainable Development Goals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
PCT/JP2023/014271 2022-07-05 2023-04-06 燃焼システム Ceased WO2024009575A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202380032722.2A CN119013515A (zh) 2022-07-05 2023-04-06 燃烧系统
JP2023560612A JP7491483B1 (ja) 2022-07-05 2023-04-06 燃焼システム
KR1020247036802A KR20240172753A (ko) 2022-07-05 2023-04-06 연소 시스템

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022-108342 2022-07-05
JP2022108342 2022-07-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024009575A1 true WO2024009575A1 (ja) 2024-01-11

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PCT/JP2023/014271 Ceased WO2024009575A1 (ja) 2022-07-05 2023-04-06 燃焼システム

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JP (1) JP7491483B1 (https=)
KR (1) KR20240172753A (https=)
CN (1) CN119013515A (https=)
WO (1) WO2024009575A1 (https=)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH035041U (https=) * 1989-05-31 1991-01-18
JP2013512769A (ja) * 2009-12-04 2013-04-18 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド 二酸化炭素富有煙道ガスから水蒸気を凝縮させる方法及びシステム
JP2019196882A (ja) * 2018-05-11 2019-11-14 株式会社Ihi 蒸気発生設備
WO2020174726A1 (ja) * 2019-02-25 2020-09-03 月島機械株式会社 白煙防止システム、焼却設備および白煙防止方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2710225B2 (ja) * 1995-03-15 1998-02-10 株式会社東芝 凝縮器用熱交換器
JP7167768B2 (ja) 2019-02-26 2022-11-09 株式会社Ihi 蒸気発生設備及びアンモニア気化システム

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH035041U (https=) * 1989-05-31 1991-01-18
JP2013512769A (ja) * 2009-12-04 2013-04-18 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド 二酸化炭素富有煙道ガスから水蒸気を凝縮させる方法及びシステム
JP2019196882A (ja) * 2018-05-11 2019-11-14 株式会社Ihi 蒸気発生設備
WO2020174726A1 (ja) * 2019-02-25 2020-09-03 月島機械株式会社 白煙防止システム、焼却設備および白煙防止方法

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KR20240172753A (ko) 2024-12-10
JPWO2024009575A1 (https=) 2024-01-11
CN119013515A (zh) 2024-11-22
JP7491483B1 (ja) 2024-05-28

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