WO2024008353A1 - Capteur électronique invariant à la dérive et procédé correspondant - Google Patents

Capteur électronique invariant à la dérive et procédé correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024008353A1
WO2024008353A1 PCT/EP2023/062516 EP2023062516W WO2024008353A1 WO 2024008353 A1 WO2024008353 A1 WO 2024008353A1 EP 2023062516 W EP2023062516 W EP 2023062516W WO 2024008353 A1 WO2024008353 A1 WO 2024008353A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
electrical property
calibration
sense
resistor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/062516
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rajesh Gupta
Original Assignee
Ams-Osram Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ams-Osram Ag filed Critical Ams-Osram Ag
Publication of WO2024008353A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024008353A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
    • G01K7/22—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor
    • G01K7/24—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a non-linear resistance, e.g. thermistor in a specially-adapted circuit, e.g. bridge circuit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/20—Clinical contact thermometers for use with humans or animals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K15/00—Testing or calibrating of thermometers
    • G01K15/005—Calibration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L27/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring fluid pressure
    • G01L27/002—Calibrating, i.e. establishing true relation between transducer output value and value to be measured, zeroing, linearising or span error determination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/02—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning
    • G01L9/04—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning of resistance-strain gauges
    • G01L9/045—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning of resistance-strain gauges with electric temperature compensating means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic sensor with a sensor circuit based on a sense element and a reference element .
  • the invention further relates to a corresponding method .
  • a detector whose resistance may change depending on a parameter measured, e . g . , a thermistor for temperature measurement or a resistor whose resistance changes with pressure .
  • the sensor circuit determining the temperature ( or pressure ) measures the "detector/sensor" resistance with respect to a reference resistor .
  • the resistance or a related electrical property of a sense element is measured and compared with ( or set in relation to during measurement ) a corresponding electrical property of a reference element , to derive a measurement value for a physical property, in particular an ambient physical property, on which said electrical property of said sense element measurably depends ( and varies with) .
  • the resistance of the reference resistor may dri ft/change with usage , more speci fically with repeated or long exposure to current and/or voltage .
  • I f the reference resistor dri fts with usage this leads to a systematic dri ft with time of the physical parameter sensed .
  • this problem statement can be slightly generali zed in that an electrical property of a reference element on which the measurement principle is based may dri ft in time , therefore leading to a measurement error .
  • An obj ective underlying the present invention is to provide an electrical sensor of the kind described above whose measurement or output is largely unaf fected by a dri ft of electrical properties of electrical components or elements .
  • a sensor shall be easy and cost-ef ficient to reali ze and to operate .
  • a corresponding method of operating an electronic sensor shall be provided .
  • the device-related obj ective is met by an electronic sensor with a sensor circuit based on a sense element and a reference element , further comprising a control unit , wherein in a measurement mode an electrical property of the sense element is measured and compared to an electrical property of the reference element to derive a measurement value for a physical property on which said electrical property of said sense element measurably depends , wherein said sensor further comprises a reference calibration element with a known electrical property, which, in a calibration mode , can be connected to said reference element , and wherein said control unit is configured to compare said electrical property of said reference element to said electrical property of said reference calibration element , to calibrate the measurement and to correct said measurement value for a dri ft in time of said electrical property of said reference element .
  • a second reference element is used to calibrate the first reference element at least from time to time and therefore to correct the measurement value for the dri ft-related ef fects .
  • control unit is configured such that in measurement mode said reference calibration element is not exposed to an electric current and/or an electric voltage.
  • the reference calibration element (s) can be used to reliably calibrate the original reference using this/these additional element (s) .
  • said physical property to be measured is a temperature.
  • the sensor is a temperature sensor.
  • each impedance may comprise resistive, capacitive and/or inductive parts.
  • said sense impedance is a sense resistor
  • said reference impedance is a reference resistor
  • said reference calibration impedance is a reference calibration resistance.
  • said sense element preferably is a thermistor.
  • said sense element and said reference element are arranged in series , hence being in a voltage divider arrangement .
  • said reference element and said reference calibration element are preferably also arranged in series .
  • said control unit is advantageously configured to initiate said calibration mode at pre-determined or dynamically adj usted time intervals and preferably exits said calibration mode after calibration .
  • calibration is initiated at regular intervals .
  • control unit is preferably configured to apply the correction for the dri ft in real-time ( so-called online correction) .
  • a portable device in particular a wearable device , or a biomedical device , with a sensor of the kind described herein, in a particular a temperature sensor .
  • the present invention provides a method of operating an electronic sensor, in particular a sensor of the kind described herein, comprising the steps of :
  • said reference calibration element is exposed to an electrical current and/or an electrical voltage only during the comparing and calibrating step, but not at the actual measurement step .
  • FIG . 1 shows in a schematical manner an electrical circuit of a known sensor, in particular a temperature sensor .
  • FIG . 2 shows in a schematical manner an electrical circuit of a sensor according to the invention, in particular a temperature sensor .
  • FIG . 1 illustrates in a schematical manner core elements of a temperature measurement device , also known as a temperature sensor 2 , according to the prior art .
  • the temperature sensor is 2 exemplary for other types of sensors as well .
  • the temperature measurement provided by the temperature sensor 2 is based on the well- known principle of a resistive voltage divider circuit 4 .
  • the voltage divider circuit 4 is exemplary for a more general sensor circuit .
  • the actual sensor probe is reali zed by an electrical resistor, called sense resistor 6 , whose electrical resistance has a relatively strong dependency on temperature , at least in the proj ected or intended temperature interval of operation, also called working temperature range .
  • the sense resistor 6 is wired or connected in series with a resistor of known resistance , called reference resistor 8 , to form a voltage divider .
  • the resistance of the reference resistor 8 has a much weaker dependence on temperature than the resistance of the sense resistor 6 and can therefore be regarded fixed or constant in time , at least in the working temperature range , during operation of the temperature sensor 2 .
  • the reference resistor 8 may be kept at essentially a constant temperature during operation of the temperature sensor 2 , for example by virtue of thermal insulation and/or by spatial separation from the sense resistor 6 or the sensing region .
  • a known voltage or electrical potential di f ference is applied across the divider, i . e . , across the series connection of the sense resistor 6 and the reference resistor 8 .
  • the resistance or a related electrical property of the sense resistor 6 can be derived .
  • the voltage across the sense resistor 6 can tapped at electrical contacts kO and kl
  • the voltage across the reference resistor 8 can be tapped at electrical contacts kl and k2 .
  • the temperature prevailing at the location of the sense resistor 6 can be calculated or derived .
  • the assessment or derivation of the ambient temperature involves calculating ratios of at least some of the above-mentioned voltages to derive the resistance or a related quantity for the sense resistor 6 and then looking up or applying said temperature-resistance characteristic to derive the temperature at the location of the sense resistor 6.
  • This assessment is usually done or executed in an associated control unit or analysis unit which can be an analog and/or a digital circuit .
  • a suitable digital assessment can be provided by a multi-purpose computer or controller running or executing a dedicated software .
  • One problem related to a temperature senor 2 according to FIG . 1 is that certain physical properties , in particular the resistance of the sense resistor 6 and/or the reference resistor 8 , may slowly change or dri ft over time . While in typical embodiments the sense resistor 6 may be designed or chosen such that the dri ft of its properties over time may be negligible , this is generally not the case for the reference resistor 8 . Rather, the resistance of the reference resistor 8 may dri ft over time in a noticeable manner during the li fetime of the temperature sensor 2 .
  • the resistance of the reference resistor 8 may dri ft or change essentially proportional with usage or with the intensity of electrical stress applied .
  • the magnitude of the total dri ft usually relates to repeated and/or long exposures to electrical current and/or voltage .
  • One possible solution to deal with this problem would be to minimi ze the exposure of the reference resistor 8 to electrical current and/or voltage by reducing the amount of current and/or current density and/or voltage . Additionally or alternatively, one may modi fy the circuit design and/or the mode of operation to reduce the time for which the reference resistor 8 may be exposed to such currents and/or voltages .
  • such solutions impose restrictions on the circuit and/or the mode of operation and may not be suited for implementation in practical context , in particular with already existing circuits .
  • i f there is a demand for continuous monitoring it may not be possible to restrict or shorten the exposure time .
  • a reference resistor 8 with a low enough dri ft for the design speci fication of the sensor circuit .
  • a high-quality reference resistor 8 with an empirically proven small or low dri ft .
  • dri ft might be higher than indicated in the part speci fication .
  • the present invention suggests comparing and calibrating the reference resistor 8 at least from time to time against another resistor of known resistance , called reference calibration resistor 10 , and to compensate or correct the measured or derived temperature values for the dri ft of the reference resistor' s 8 resistance.
  • the reference calibration resistor 10 is advantageously used only sparingly, in particular only during relatively short (in comparison to the total working period or operation time of the temperature sensor 2) periods of calibration and is otherwise preferably not exposed to electrical current and/or voltage, such that its degradation in time or drift in resistance is negligible.
  • FIG. 2 which builds on FIG. 1 and extends the sensor circuit known therefrom.
  • the branch line 16 comprises the reference calibration resistor 10.
  • the connection line 14 comprises electrical switches SI and S2, SI being arranged between the sense resistor 6 and the junction 12, and S2 being arranged between the junction 12 and the reference resistor 8.
  • S3 there is a switch S3 in the branch line 16 between the junction 12 and the reference calibration resistor 10.
  • all the three switches SI, S2, S3 are simple on-off switches: The two terminals of the respective switch are either connected together or disconnected from each other.
  • reference resistor 8 is disconnected from the circuit while reference calibration resistor 10 takes its place.
  • reference calibration resistor 10 may act as a replacement or backup for the reference resistor 8 in an alternative voltage divider circuit of a temperature sensor 2 , in particular i f both their resistances are the same or at least have a comparable magnitude .
  • a third configuration switches S2 and S3 are closed while switch S I is open, thereby disconnecting or decoupling the sense resistor 6 from the measurement circuit .
  • reference resistor 8 and reference calibration resistor 10 are now connected in series in a voltage divider arrangement .
  • the assessment may involve measuring and/or calculating a resistance ratio for the reference resistor 8 versus the reference calibration resistor 10 .
  • Given the known resistance value of the reference calibration resistor 10 one can derive the present resistance value of the reference resistor 8 which may have dri fted from its original value at time zero . This information in turn can be used, after switching back to the first configuration, to accurately derive the temperature of the sense resistor 6 , for example from a resistance ratio for the sense resistor 6 versus the reference resistor 8 .
  • the reference calibration resistor 10 may be used from time to time to calibrate the reference resistor 8 - which in the first configuration is used as a reference for the sense resistor 6 during actual temperature measurement .
  • the third configuration corresponds to a calibration mode while the first configuration corresponds to the actual temperature measurement mode .
  • the reference calibration resistor 10 may be used as a backup or reserve reference resistor for the temperature measurement , for example i f it is found that the reference resistor 8 has degraded or dri fted beyond a point where correction is useful .
  • the reference calibration resistor 10 used to calibrate the reference resistor 8 is used only sparingly, when, and only when the circuit is deliberately brought into calibration mode ( and soon afterward exits this mode ) . Only then, the reference calibration resistor 10 is exposed to electrical voltage and/or current . Therefore , during li fetime of the temperature sensor 2 the dri ft of the reference calibration resistor 10 is negligible . Hence , the relative shi ft in the reference resistor 8 with respect to the reference calibration resistor 10 may be determined and used to determine the absolute extent of dri ft in the reference resistor 8 . In the subsequent temperature measurement a suitable dri ft correction may be applied, yielding a very accurate dri ft invariant measurement .
  • Calibration mode may be entered every once in a while , or at given time intervals , in particular periodically .
  • the period or interval length between calibration cycles may be dynamically adj usted, in particular with respect to the degree of dri ft of the reference resistor 8 determined before .
  • the interval length may be chosen large in comparison to the case where increasing or accelerating dri ft per unit time interval has been detected .
  • control unit 20 ( indicated here in FIG . 2 in a purely schematical manner ) or analysis unit associated with the measurement circuit of FIG . 2 which receives the raw measurement data or measured values , in particular measured voltages , and determines or derives the prevailing temperature ( or any other senor output ) from these data .
  • the control unit 20 also controls the switches SI , S2 , S3 and therefore the switching between measurement mode and calibration mode at arbitrary (e.g. user-initiated) , or predetermined or dynamically assigned intervals.
  • said switches SI, S2, S3 are preferably electronically controlled switches.
  • the control unit 20 preferably also does the necessary calculations for assessing the drift of the reference resistor 8 and/or for correcting the sensor output for the drift related effects.
  • the control unit 20 implements suitable routines for the calibration of the temperature sensor 2 and for the related correction of measured temperature values. This correction is preferably done in real-time during measurement operation, i.e. in measurement mode.
  • the control unit 20 and the associated measurement, calibration and/or correction routines may be implemented in either hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the reference resistor 8 or the temperature sensor 2 as a whole has a planned or expected lifetime of, e.g., 10 years.
  • calibration may be scheduled for, e.g., every 10% of the part lifetime, in this case at the end of each year.
  • the exemplary reference resistor 8 of the temperature sensor 2 described above drifts slowly during the life of the part due to usage, in particular due to the passage of current and/or the exposure to voltage. If not corrected for, this results in increased measurements errors (for example 5%) over the lifetime of the part. If, however, accuracy requirement necessitate a smaller error (for example 0 , 5% ) , the circuit arrangement according to the present invention, using the described sel f-calibrating technique , facilitates reaching the requirement with only moderate additional hardware ef forts . In fact , most of the evaluation and calibration may be executed in an easy-to— implement and even retro- f ittable software routine of a control unit 20 which typically is already present in any case .
  • reference calibration resistor 10 there may be more than one reference calibration resistor 10 . Rather, there may be several of reference calibration resistors , for example being arranged in parallel branch lines with corresponding switches , such that preferably for any given time during calibration operation a single one among them may be activated . Hence , one calibration can be checked against another .
  • the sense resistor 6 or more generally an electrical sense element may alternatively comprise an electrical resistance which varies in a measurable way with a physical property other than temperature , for example pressure ( e . g . of a surrounding gas or atmosphere or applied by a contact element ) , or luminosity of incident light .
  • the sensor 1 may be a pressure sensor, or a luminosity sensor or any other sensor, based on a resistive sense element whose resistance varies with the physical or chemical quantity of interest . In such cases , the sense resistor 6 or FIG .
  • the sense element may also be a semiconductor element .
  • the described concept can be extended even one step further such that instead of sense resistor 6 , a reference resistor 8 , and a reference calibration resistor 10 a sense element 24 , a reference element 26 , and a reference calibration element 28 respectively are used, each of them being in general a complex impedance which may comprise at least one of or several of resistive , capacitive , and/or inductive properties .
  • the sensor probe in particular the sense resistor 6 , may be spatially separated from the rest of the circuit , including the reference resistor 8 and the reference calibration 10 resistor, and/or from the control unit 20 .
  • the reference resistor 8 and the reference calibration resistor 10 and optionally the control unit 20 or parts thereof may be arranged within a common housing 30 , indicated in FIG . 2 by dashed lines .
  • the control unit 20 may be distributed over several devices , for example , there may be one hardware-close control unit providing low-level functions like signal converting and the like , and a control unit providing high-level calculations , assessments , and the like , preferably implemented as software routines .
  • Particularly suited applications may comprise sensors , in particular resistor-based sensors , notably temperature sensors , for example in the field including but not limited to smartphones , computers , automotive , and/or bio-medical applications .
  • sensors in particular resistor-based sensors , notably temperature sensors , for example in the field including but not limited to smartphones , computers , automotive , and/or bio-medical applications .
  • the senor 1 is a biosensor intended to be attached to or implemented into or wearable by an animal or human being .
  • the sensor may be a body temperature sensor, for example within or on a wearable device .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur électrique (1) dont la mesure ou la sortie n'est pratiquement pas affectée par une dérive des propriétés électriques des composants ou éléments électriques. Selon l'invention, un capteur électronique (1) avec un circuit de capteur basé sur un élément sensible (22) et un élément de référence (24), comprend en outre une unité de commande (20), une propriété électrique de l'élément sensible (22), dans un mode de mesure, étant mesurée et comparée à une propriété électrique de l'élément de référence (24) afin d'obtenir une valeur de mesure pour une propriété physique dont dépend de manière mesurable ladite propriété électrique de l'élément sensible (22), ledit capteur (1) comportant en outre un élément d'étalonnage de référence (26) doté d'une propriété électrique connue qui, dans un mode d'étalonnage, peut être connecté à l'élément de référence (24), et ladite unité de commande (20) étant configurée pour comparer ladite propriété électrique de l'élément de référence (24) à la propriété électrique de l'élément d'étalonnage de référence (26), pour étalonner la mesure et pour corriger ladite valeur de mesure en cas de dérive dans le temps de la propriété électrique de l'élément de référence (24).
PCT/EP2023/062516 2022-07-06 2023-05-10 Capteur électronique invariant à la dérive et procédé correspondant WO2024008353A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN202241038747 2022-07-06
IN202241038747 2022-07-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024008353A1 true WO2024008353A1 (fr) 2024-01-11

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5746511A (en) * 1996-01-03 1998-05-05 Rosemount Inc. Temperature transmitter with on-line calibration using johnson noise
US6045260A (en) * 1994-09-27 2000-04-04 Rosemount Inc. Switch for selectively coupling a sensor or calibration element to a terminal block
US20220065709A1 (en) * 2020-08-25 2022-03-03 Shenzhen GOODIX Technology Co., Ltd. Temperature measurement circuit, temperature and light intensity measurement circuit, temperature measurement method and temperature and light intensity measurement method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6045260A (en) * 1994-09-27 2000-04-04 Rosemount Inc. Switch for selectively coupling a sensor or calibration element to a terminal block
US5746511A (en) * 1996-01-03 1998-05-05 Rosemount Inc. Temperature transmitter with on-line calibration using johnson noise
US20220065709A1 (en) * 2020-08-25 2022-03-03 Shenzhen GOODIX Technology Co., Ltd. Temperature measurement circuit, temperature and light intensity measurement circuit, temperature measurement method and temperature and light intensity measurement method

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