WO2024007779A1 - 一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024007779A1
WO2024007779A1 PCT/CN2023/097734 CN2023097734W WO2024007779A1 WO 2024007779 A1 WO2024007779 A1 WO 2024007779A1 CN 2023097734 W CN2023097734 W CN 2023097734W WO 2024007779 A1 WO2024007779 A1 WO 2024007779A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
baffle
guardrail
fork
proximity switch
production workshop
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/097734
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周日升
袁金庆
张弛
张三义
崔海波
Original Assignee
济南达宝文汽车设备工程有限公司
广州达宝文汽车设备集团有限公司
广州达宝文机电设备有限公司
济南达宝文自动化设备工程有限公司
广州达宝文汽车零部件有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 济南达宝文汽车设备工程有限公司, 广州达宝文汽车设备集团有限公司, 广州达宝文机电设备有限公司, 济南达宝文自动化设备工程有限公司, 广州达宝文汽车零部件有限公司 filed Critical 济南达宝文汽车设备工程有限公司
Priority to DE112023000162.6T priority Critical patent/DE112023000162T5/de
Publication of WO2024007779A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024007779A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/14—Fences constructed of rigid elements, e.g. with additional wire fillings or with posts
    • E04H17/16—Fences constructed of rigid elements, e.g. with additional wire fillings or with posts using prefabricated panel-like elements, e.g. wired frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F17/00—Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force
    • B66F17/003—Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force for fork-lift trucks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/003—Anti-climbing devices, e.g. fixed spikes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/017—Fencing provided with electric elements or components, e.g. fencing member or component, such as fence strands, post, panel or rail, provided with electric elements or components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of production workshop equipment control, and in particular to a protective device and method for a fork edge of an automatic workstation guardrail in a production workshop.
  • the present invention proposes a protective device and method for the fork knife edge of the automatic work station guardrail in the production workshop.
  • the fork knife edge is blocked by a liftable baffle when the forklift is not working to prevent people from climbing over, and at the same time, it can accurately distinguish Is the liftable baffle lowering due to the downward pressure of a person climbing over or the downward pressure of a forklift?
  • a protective device for the fork knife edge of an automatic workstation guardrail in a production workshop including: liftable baffle units respectively provided at the two fork knife positions of the guardrail.
  • the liftable baffle unit includes two guide rods arranged oppositely. The plate is connected between two guide rods, and elastic parts are provided on the guide rods. The baffle can compress the elastic parts and drop when it is subjected to downward pressure. When the pressure disappears, it can be reset under the elastic force of the elastic parts.
  • safety detection units symmetrically arranged on the two fork knife edges
  • the safety detection unit includes:
  • the first proximity switch is set on the upper part of the guide rod
  • the second proximity switch is set at the set first position at the lower part of the guide rod
  • the third proximity switch is arranged at the set second position at the lower part of the guide rod.
  • the first proximity switch is in the on state when the baffle is not pressed down, and is turned off after the baffle is pressed down; the second proximity switch is turned on when the baffle is pressed down to the set first position. The second proximity switch is turned on when the baffle is pressed down to the set first position.
  • a safety identification unit that receives and determines the switching timing of the first proximity switch, the second proximity switch, and the third proximity switch, and compares it with the set state timing. , determine whether the guardrail fork knife edge is in the normal entry state of the forklift.
  • the set status sequence is specifically:
  • a method for protecting the fork edge of an automatic workstation guardrail in a production workshop including:
  • Liftable baffles are respectively provided at the two fork edges of the automatic workstation guardrail.
  • the baffles can compress the elastic members and descend when they are subjected to downward pressure. When the pressure disappears, they can be reset under the elastic force of the elastic members;
  • the first proximity switch, the second proximity switch and the third proximity switch are respectively provided at the corresponding positions of the two fork blades. By receiving and judging the switching timing of each proximity switch, and comparing it with the set status timing, the guardrail is judged. Whether the fork knife edge is in the normal entry state of the forklift.
  • a protective device for the fork knife edge of the automatic workstation guardrail in a production workshop including: liftable baffle units respectively provided at the two fork knife positions of the guardrail.
  • the liftable baffle unit includes: a baffle, a counterweight and a pulley group parts; the baffle and the counterweight are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the guardrail, and the baffle and the counterweight are connected through a pulley assembly; the baffle is in the position of the fork knife edge in the initial state and can block the fork. Knife edge; the baffle can move downward under pressure until the baffle does not block the fork knife edge at all.
  • the safety detection unit includes: a first proximity switch, a second proximity switch and a third proximity switch; the first proximity switch The switch is set at the corresponding setting position when the baffle is at the top position; the second proximity switch is set at the corresponding setting position when the baffle is at the set middle position; the third proximity switch is set at the baffle at the set middle position. The corresponding setting position at the bottom position.
  • the first proximity switch is in the on state when the baffle is not pressed down, and is turned off after the baffle is pressed down; the second proximity switch is turned on when the baffle is pressed down to the set intermediate position. , the third proximity switch is turned on when the baffle is pressed down to the bottom position.
  • An automatic workstation guardrail in a production workshop includes any of the above protective devices for the fork knife edge of the guardrail.
  • the present invention sets a liftable baffle at the position of the guardrail knife and fork mouth, which does not affect the normal operation of the fork knife, but also plays a protective role when the forklift is not working; the cost is low and the installation is convenient, which not only satisfies the production requirements needs, and meets the safety requirements, and has high practical value.
  • the present invention can accurately distinguish whether the liftable baffle is lowered due to the downward pressure of a person climbing over or the downward pressure of a forklift; it can promptly identify the non-normal entry state of the forklift and alarm, ensuring the normal operation of the main equipment , and at the same time, it can prevent people from climbing over the guardrail and ensure personnel safety.
  • the lifting stroke of the baffle will be limited by the length of the spring.
  • the structural requirements are high, resulting in an increase in the cost of the entire device.
  • the invention can also realize the automatic lifting and lowering of the baffle through the structural cooperation of the baffle, counterweight block and pulley assembly. It has a simple structure and good adaptability. The selection of components will not be limited by the lifting stroke of the baffle, thereby reducing costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the protective device for the fork edge of the automatic workstation guardrail in the production workshop in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 2(a)-(b) are respectively schematic diagrams of the cooperation between the forklift and the fork blade in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIGS 3(a)-(c) are schematic diagrams of the process of pressing down the baffle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the protective device for the fork edge of the automatic workstation guardrail in the production workshop in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5(a)-(b) are respectively a structural front view and a side view of the baffle, counterweight block and pulley assembly in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the guide mechanism of the counterweight block in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figures 7(a)-(c) are respectively schematic diagrams of the middle baffle pressing process in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Guardrail 2. Fork blade, 3. Guide rod, 4. Spring, 5. Baffle, 6. Mounting base, 7. First proximity switch, 8. Second proximity switch, 9. Third proximity switch , 10. Workbench; 11. Counterweight block, 12. Pulley assembly, 13. First guide groove, 14. First guide wheel.
  • a protective device for the fork knife edge of the automatic work station guardrail in a production workshop is disclosed.
  • the liftable baffle unit includes two opposite guide rods 3, the two guide rods 3 are fixed on the mounting base 6, the mounting base 6 is set at the bottom of the fork knife mouth 2; the baffle 5 is connected to the two guide rods 3 Between them, the left and right ends of the baffle 5 are connected to two guide rods 3 respectively, and can move up and down along the guide rods 3; the guide rods 3 are provided with elastic parts, and the elastic parts are arranged between the connecting parts of the baffle 5 and the guide rods 3 Below, the baffle 5 can compress the elastic member by pressing down.
  • a liftable baffle unit 5 is provided at each fork edge position on the guardrail 1 .
  • the baffle 5 can compress the elastic member to descend when it is subjected to downward pressure, and can be reset under the elastic force of the elastic member when the pressure disappears.
  • the elastic member may be a spring 4, and of course other elastic members well known in the art may also be used.
  • a lifting baffle 5 is set at the fork knife edge 2.
  • the baffle 5 is pressed down to complete the unloading operation of the workbench 10.
  • the baffle 5 rises to block the fork blade 2;
  • Figure 2(a)-(b) shows a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the forklift and the fork blade 2.
  • this embodiment is equipped with a safety detection unit, which can effectively identify whether the downward pressure of the baffle 5 is caused by the normal operation of the forklift, thereby determining whether the fork knife edge 2 of the guardrail 1 is in the normal entry state of the forklift.
  • each safety detection unit is respectively arranged at the two fork knife edges 2, and each safety detection unit includes:
  • the first proximity switch 7 is arranged on the upper part of the guide rod 3; when the baffle 5 is in the initial position, the first proximity switch 7 can sense that the baffle 5 is in a conductive state. When the baffle 5 is pressed down, the first proximity switch 7 will be disconnected because it cannot sense the baffle 5.
  • the second proximity switch 8 is arranged at the set first position at the lower part of the guide rod 3; when the baffle 5 is pressed down to the set first position, the second proximity switch 8 will sense the baffle 5 and activate. conduction.
  • the third proximity switch 9 is arranged at the set second position at the lower part of the guide rod 3; as the baffle 5 is pressed down, when the baffle 5 is pressed down to the set second position, the third proximity switch 9 Then the baffle 5 will be sensed and turned on.
  • the first proximity switch 7, the second proximity switch 8 and the third proximity switch 9 of each fork blade 2 position are all arranged on a guide column, and the positions of the proximity switches on the two fork blades 2 are the same.
  • the two safety detection units are arranged symmetrically, that is, the proximity switches are respectively arranged on the two guide posts farthest apart from the two fork knife openings 2 (as shown in Figure 1), or they can also be arranged on the two fork knife openings 2. 2On the two nearest guide posts.
  • both first proximity switches 7 can detect the baffle 5, and both first proximity switches 7 can detect the baffle 5. Connected, indicating that the system is safe.
  • the fork knife continues to press down the baffle 5 to descend.
  • the two third proximity switches 9 are turned on at the same time.
  • the baffle 5 is pressed down to the lowest end.
  • the first proximity switch 7 is still open.
  • the baffle 5 rises.
  • the two third proximity switches 9 are disconnected at the same time.
  • the two first proximity switches 7 are still disconnected.
  • the two second proximity switches 8 are turned off at the same time, and the two first proximity switches 7 are still turned off at this time.
  • this embodiment also sets up a safety identification unit and an alarm unit; wherein, the safety identification unit receives and determines the switching sequence of the first proximity switch 7, the second proximity switch 8, and the third proximity switch 9, And compare it with the set status sequence to determine whether the guardrail fork blade is in the normal entry state of the forklift; if the received switch timing is consistent with the set status sequence, it is determined that the forklift has entered the state normally, otherwise, it is the human entry state or Non-forklift enters the state normally; when it is determined that a person enters the state or a non-forklift enters the state normally, the safety identification unit transmits the signal to the alarm unit, triggering the alarm unit to alarm.
  • the set state timing is specifically:
  • the first proximity switches 7 of the two safety detection units are turned off at the same time, and after the set first time range, the second proximity switches 8 of the two safety detection units are turned on at the same time; after the set second time range , the third proximity switches 9 of the two safety detection units are turned on at the same time; after the set third time range, the first proximity switches 7 of the two safety detection units are turned on at the same time.
  • a method for protecting the fork edge of the automatic work station guardrail in the production workshop is also disclosed, which includes the following process:
  • Liftable baffles 5 are respectively provided at the two fork knife edges 2 of the automatic workstation guardrail 1.
  • the baffles 5 can compress the elastic members and descend when they are subjected to downward pressure. When the pressure disappears, they can be lifted by the elastic force of the elastic members. to achieve reset;
  • the first proximity switch 7, the second proximity switch 8 and the third proximity switch 9 are respectively provided at the corresponding positions of the two fork blades 2. By receiving and judging the switching timing of each proximity switch, and comparing it with the set state timing Yes, determine whether the guardrail fork blade is in the normal entry state of the forklift.
  • the first proximity switches 7 of the two safety detection units are turned off at the same time, and after the set first time range, the second proximity switches 8 of the two safety detection units are turned on at the same time; within the set second time range After that, the third proximity switches 9 of the two safety detection units are turned on at the same time; after the set third time range, the first proximity switches 7 of the two safety detection units are turned on at the same time; then it is determined that the forklift has entered the state normally; Otherwise, if a person enters the state or a non-forklift enters the state normally, an alarm signal will be sent.
  • a protective device for a fork knife edge of an automatic workstation guardrail in a production workshop is disclosed.
  • work in the automatic workstation A guardrail 1 is provided on the outside of the table 10.
  • the guardrail 1 is provided with two fork blades 2, and the two fork blades 2 are respectively provided with liftable baffle units; the two liftable baffle units have the same structure and are arranged symmetrically.
  • each liftable baffle unit includes: baffle 5, counterweight block 11 and pulley assembly 12; baffle 5 and counterweight block 11 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the guardrail 1. On the side, the baffle 5 and the counterweight block 11 are connected through the pulley assembly 12; the baffle 5 is in the position of the fork knife opening 2 in the initial state, and can block the fork knife opening 2. It should be noted that FIG. 5(a)-(b) only shows the structural relationship of the baffle 5, the counterweight 11 and the pulley assembly 12, and the first proximity switch 7, the second proximity switch 8 and the pulley assembly 12 are not shown. The third proximity switch 9.
  • the weight of the counterweight block 11 is greater than the weight of the baffle 5. Therefore, in the initial state or when there is no downward pressure, the baffle 5 will automatically rise to the position of the fork knife opening 2 under the action of the gravity difference, and can block the fork knife opening 2.
  • the baffle 5 moves downward, and at the same time the counterweight 11 moves upward, until the fork knife reaches the set position, and the baffle 5 does not block the fork knife edge 2 at all.
  • the size of the baffle 5 should be able to completely cover the fork knife edge 2; with reference to Figure 4, the baffle 5 is larger than the width of the fork knife edge 2 in the width direction; the pulley assembly 12 is two sets of fixed pulleys, which are respectively arranged on the guardrail. 1 on both sides of the fork blade 2 at the top; there can be one counterweight block 11, or there can be one counterweight block 11 corresponding to each fixed pulley.
  • the drawings of this embodiment show a schematic diagram when there is one counterweight block 11; when there is one counterweight block 11, one end of the flexible rope (rope, tape, steel rope, chain, etc.) of each set of fixed pulleys is connected The other end of the left or right side of the baffle 5 is jointly connected to the counterweight 11; at this time, in order to avoid the counterweight 11 interfering with the work of the fork knife, during the entire process of the baffle 5 being pressed down, the counterweight The weights 11 are all located below the lowest end of the fork blade 2.
  • one end of the flexible rope (rope, tape, steel rope, chain, etc.) of each set of fixed pulleys is connected to the left or right side of the baffle 5, and the other end is connected to a counterweight 11 respectively.
  • the two counterweights 11 are respectively located on both sides of the fork knife mouth 2 and will not interfere with the work of the fork knife.
  • the baffle 5 rises or falls along the first guide mechanism.
  • the first guide mechanism includes: first guide wheels 14 arranged on both sides of the baffle 5, and first guide wheels 14 arranged on the guardrail 1 at the same position as the guide wheels 14. Matching first guide groove 13; the first guide wheel 14 can move up and down along the first guide groove 13.
  • the counterweight 11 rises or falls along the second guide mechanism.
  • the second guide mechanism includes: second guide wheels provided on both sides of the counterweight 11, and a third guide wheel provided on the guardrail 1 that matches the position of the second guide wheel. Two guide grooves; the second guide wheel can move up and down along the second guide groove.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the second guide mechanism of the counterweight block 11.
  • the first guide mechanism structure of the baffle 5 is the same as the second guide mechanism structure, so it is not shown; of course, the first guide groove 13 and the second guide mechanism
  • the grooves may be two independent guide grooves, or they may be the same guide groove, that is, the first guide wheel 14 and the second guide wheel may share one guide groove.
  • a lifting baffle 5 is set at the fork knife edge 2.
  • the baffle 5 is pressed down to complete the unloading operation of the workbench 10.
  • the baffle 5 rises to block the fork blade 2; for a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the forklift and the fork blade 2, please refer to Figure 2(a)-(b).
  • safety detection units are symmetrically provided on both sides of the two fork blades 2;
  • the safety detection unit includes: a first proximity switch 7, a The second proximity switch 8 and the third proximity switch 9;
  • the first proximity switch 7 is set at the corresponding setting position when the baffle 5 is at the top position;
  • the second proximity switch The switch 8 is set at the corresponding setting position when the baffle 5 is in the set middle position, and the specific position can be set as needed;
  • the third proximity switch 9 is set at the corresponding setting position when the baffle 5 is at the bottom position.
  • the first proximity switch 7 is in the on state when the baffle 5 is not pressed down, and is turned off after the baffle 5 is pressed down; the second proximity switch 8 is turned on when the baffle 5 is pressed down to the set intermediate position.
  • the third proximity switch 9 is turned on when the baffle 5 is pressed down to the bottom position.
  • the first proximity switch 7 is set at a position corresponding to the top end of the fork blade 2; when the baffle 5 is in the initial position, the first proximity switch 7 can sense that the baffle 5 is in a conductive state, When the baffle 5 is pressed down, the first proximity switch 7 will be turned off because it cannot sense the baffle 5 .
  • the second proximity switch 8 is set at the first set position in the middle; when the baffle 5 is pressed down to the set first position, the second proximity switch 8 will be turned on because it can sense the baffle 5 .
  • the third proximity switch 9 is set at a position corresponding to the top of the baffle 5 when the baffle 5 does not block the fork knife edge 2 at all; as the baffle 5 is pressed down, when the baffle 5 is pressed down to this position, The third proximity switch 9 will be turned on because it can sense the baffle 5 .
  • both first proximity switches 7 can detect the baffle 5, and both first proximity switches 7 can detect the baffle 5. Connected, indicating that the system is safe.
  • the fork knife continues to press down the baffle 5 to descend.
  • the two third proximity switches 9 are turned on at the same time.
  • the baffle 5 is pressed down to the lowest end.
  • the first proximity switch 7 is still open.
  • the baffle 5 rises.
  • the two third proximity switches 9 are disconnected at the same time.
  • the two first proximity switches 7 are still disconnected.
  • the two second proximity switches 8 are turned off at the same time, and the two first proximity switches 7 are still turned off at this time.
  • this embodiment also provides a control unit and an alarm unit; wherein, the control unit receives and determines the switching sequence of the first proximity switch 7, the second proximity switch 8, and the third proximity switch 9, and communicates with it. Compare the set safety state timing sequence to determine whether guardrail 1 and knife edge 2 are in a safe state; if the received switch timing is consistent with the safe state timing sequence, it is determined to be a safe state, otherwise, it is a non-safe state; when it is determined to be non- In the safe state, the safety identification unit transmits the signal to the alarm unit and triggers the alarm unit to alarm.
  • the control unit and its timing judgment process in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail.
  • an automatic work station guardrail in a production workshop including the protective device for the fork edge of the automatic work station guardrail in the production workshop in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 3.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置及方法，包括：分别设置在护栏两个叉刀口位置的可升降挡板单元，所述可升降挡板单元包括相对设置的两个导向杆，挡板连接在两个导向杆之间，导向杆上设有弹性件，所述挡板能够在受到向下的压力时压缩弹性件并下降，压力消失时能够在弹性件的弹力作用下实现复位。本发明通过在护栏刀叉口位置设置可升降挡板，既不影响叉刀的正常工作，又可以在叉车不工作时起到防护的作用；成本低，安装方便，既满足了生产需求，又满足了安全要求，具有很高的实用价值。

Description

一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置及方法
本发明要求于2022年7月5日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210781334.1、发明名称为“一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本发明中。
技术领域
本发明涉及生产车间设备控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本发明相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
在生产车间内，往往存在如下场景：通过人工叉车将货物(也可能是容器、零件或工装等)放置到自动工位上，然后由自动工位进行下一序的自动工作过程。为了保证安全，需要在自动工位外侧设置高度符合安全标准的护栏；考虑到如果自动工位中的工作台高度低于护栏高度的话，会造成叉车放置货物时叉刀与护栏产生干涉，因此，在护栏上对应叉刀的位置留出叉刀口，叉刀从叉刀口进入，从而顺利将货物放到工作台上，避免叉刀与护栏产生干涉。
但是，工作人员容易从叉刀口的位置翻越护栏，带来安全隐患，也给车间安全管控带来不便。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出了一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置及方法，通过可升降挡板在叉车不工作的时候将叉刀口挡住以避免人翻越，同时能够准确区分是由于人员翻越下压还是叉车下压导致的可升降挡板下降。
在一些实施方式中，采用如下技术方案：
一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，包括：分别设置在护栏两个叉刀口位置的可升降挡板单元，所述可升降挡板单元包括相对设置的两个导向杆，挡板连接在两个导向杆之间，导向杆上设有弹性件，所述挡板能够在受到向下的压力时压缩弹性件并下降，压力消失时能够在弹性件的弹力作用下实现复位。
作为可选的方案，还包括：对称设置在两个叉刀口的安全检测单元；
所述安全检测单元包括：
第一接近开关，设置在导向杆的上部；
第二接近开关，设置在导向杆下部的设定的第一位置；
第三接近开关，设置在导向杆下部的设定的第二位置。
所述第一接近开关在挡板未被下压时处于接通状态，在挡板被下压后断开；所述第二接近开关在挡板被下压到设定的第一位置时接通，所述第二接近开关在挡板被下压到设定的第一位置时接通。
作为可选的方案，还包括：安全识别单元，所述安全识别单元通过接收并判断第一接近开关、第二接近开关和第三接近开关的开关时序，并与设定的状态时序进行比对，判断护栏叉刀口是否为叉车正常进入状态。
所述设定的状态时序具体为：
当两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关同时断开，并且在设定的第一时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第二接近开关同时接通；在设定的第二时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第三接近开关同时接通；在设定的第三时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关同时接通；则判定为叉车正常进入状态；否则，为非叉车正常进入状态。
在另一些实施方式中，采用如下技术方案：
一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护方法，包括：
在自动工位护栏的两个叉刀口位置分别设置可升降挡板，所述挡板能够在受到向下的压力时压缩弹性件并下降，压力消失时能够在弹性件的弹力作用下实现复位；
两个叉刀口相对应的位置分别设有第一接近开关、第二接近开关和第三接近开关，通过接收并判断各个接近开关的开关时序，并与设定的状态时序进行比对，判断护栏叉刀口是否为叉车正常进入状态。
在另一些实施方式中，采用如下技术方案：
一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，包括：分别设置在护栏两个叉刀口位置的可升降挡板单元，所述可升降挡板单元包括：挡板、配重块和滑轮组件；所述挡板和配重块分别设置在护栏的两个相对的侧面，挡板和配重块通过滑轮组件连接；所述挡板在初始状态下处于叉刀口的位置，并能够遮挡叉刀口；所述挡板能够在压力作用下向下移动，直到挡板完全不遮挡叉刀口。
还包括：对称设置在两个叉刀口两侧的安全检测单元；
所述安全检测单元包括：第一接近开关、第二接近开关和第三接近开关；所述第一接近 开关设置在挡板处于最顶端位置时的对应设定位置；所述第二接近开关设置在挡板处于设定的中间位置时的对应设定位置；所述第三接近开关设置在挡板处于最底端位置时的对应设定位置。
所述第一接近开关在挡板未被下压时处于接通状态，在挡板被下压后断开；所述第二接近开关在挡板被下压到设定的中间位置时接通，所述第三接近开关在挡板被下压到最底端位置时接通。
在另一些实施方式中，采用如下技术方案：
一种生产车间内自动工位护栏，包括上述的任一种护栏叉刀口的防护装置。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明通过在护栏刀叉口位置设置可升降挡板，既不影响叉刀的正常工作，又可以在叉车不工作时起到防护的作用；成本低，安装方便，既满足了生产需求，又满足了安全要求，具有很高的实用价值。
(2)本发明通过判断检测开关的时序状态，能够准确区分是由于人员翻越下压还是叉车下压导致的可升降挡板下降；及时识别出非叉车正常进入状态并告警，保证主设备正常运行，同时能够避免人员翻越护栏，保障人员安全。
(3)考虑到通过弹簧实现挡板升降的方案，挡板的升降行程会受到弹簧长度的限制，对于挡板升降行程较大的应用场景，往往很难找到合适的弹簧，或者，对于弹簧的结构要求较高，导致整个装置成本升高。本发明还可以通过挡板、配重块和滑轮组件的结构配合，实现挡板的自动升降，结构简单，适应性好，部件的选择不会受到挡板升降行程的限制，降低成本。
本发明的其他特征和附加方面的优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本方面的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一中的生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置结构示意图；
图2(a)-(b)分别为本发明实施例一中的叉车与叉刀口配合示意图；
图3(a)-(c)分别为本发明实施例一中挡板下压过程示意图；
图4为本发明实施例三中的生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置结构示意图；
图5(a)-(b)分别为本发明实施例三中的挡板、配重块和滑轮组件的结构主视图和侧视图；
图6为本发明实施例三中的配重块的导向机构示意图；
图7(a)-(c)分别为本发明实施例三中的中挡板下压过程示意图；
其中，1.护栏，2.叉刀口，3.导向杆，4.弹簧，5.挡板，6.安装座，7.第一接近开关，8.第二接近开关，9.第三接近开关，10.工作台；11.配重块，12.滑轮组件，13.第一导向槽，14.第一导向轮。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
在一个或多个实施方式中，公开了一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，参照图1，具体包括：分别设置在护栏1两个叉刀口2位置的可升降挡板单元，可升降挡板单元包括相对设置的两个导向杆3，两个导向杆3固定在安装座6上，安装座6设置在叉刀口2的最下方；挡板5连接在两个导向杆3之间，挡板5左右两端分别与两个导向杆3连接，并能够沿导向杆3上下移动；导向杆3上设有弹性件，弹性件设置在挡板5与导向杆3连接件的下方，挡板5下压能够压缩弹性件。
本实施例中，在护栏1上的每一个叉刀口位置均设置可升降挡板5单元。
挡板5在受到向下的压力时能够压缩弹性件下降，并能够在压力消失时在弹性件的弹力作用下实现复位。弹性件可以是弹簧4，当然也可以选用本领域熟知的其他弹性件。
本实施例中，为了避免人通过叉刀口2位置翻越护栏1，在叉刀口2位置设置升降挡板5，当叉车到来时下压挡板5完成工作台10放料操作，在叉车不工作的时候，挡板5上升将叉刀口2挡住；图2(a)-(b)给出了叉车与叉刀口2配合的示意图。
但是，上述的升降挡板5人也是可以下压的，现有技术无法有效检测出使得挡板5下压的是人还是叉车，还是会存在人员翻越护栏1的情况，仍然存在安全隐患。基于此，本实施例设置了安全检测单元，能够有效识别出挡板5的下压是否是叉车正常工作造成的，从而判断护栏1叉刀口2是否为叉车正常进入状态。
具体地，安全检测单元分别设置在两个叉刀口2位置，每一个安全检测单元包括：
第一接近开关7，设置在导向杆3的上部；挡板5处于初始位置时，第一接近开关7能够感应到挡板5处于导通状态，在挡板5下压时，第一接近开关7会因无法感应到挡板5而断开。
第二接近开关8，设置在导向杆3下部的设定的第一位置；当挡板5被下压到设定的第一位置时，第二接近开关8会因能够感应到挡板5而导通。
第三接近开关9，设置在导向杆3下部的设定的第二位置；随着挡板5的下压，当挡板5被下压到设定的第二位置时，第三接近开关9便会因能够感应到挡板5而导通。
每一个叉刀口2位置的第一接近开关7、第二接近开关8和第三接近开关9均设置在一个导向柱上，两个叉刀口2上设置接近开关的位置是相同的。本实施例中，两个安全检测单元是对称设置的，即，接近开关分别设置在两个叉刀口2距离最远的两个导向柱上(如图1)，也可以设置在两个叉刀口2距离最近的两个导向柱上。
结合图3(a)，当挡板5在最高位(即未被下压的初始位置)的时候，两个第一接近开关7均能够检测到挡板5，两个第一接近开关7均接通，表明系统安全。
结合图3(b)，叉刀下压挡板5下降时，两个第一接近开关7同时断开，在经过设定的第一时间后，两个第二接近开关8同时接通，此时两个第一接近开关7被暂时断开。
结合图3(c)，叉刀继续下压挡板5下降，在经过设定的第二时间后，两个第三接近开关9同时接通，此时挡板5下压到最低端，两个第一接近开关7仍断开。
然后叉刀上升，挡板5随着上升，一定时间内两个第三接近开关9同时断开，此时两个第一接近开关7仍断开；随着挡板5的继续上升，一定时间内两个第二接近开关8同时断开，此时两个第一接近开关7仍断开。当挡板5上升至最顶端的初始位置时，两个第一接近开关7接通，系统恢复至初始状态。
基于叉车工作的上述过程，本实施例还设置了安全识别单元和报警单元；其中，安全识别单元通过接收并判断第一接近开关7、第二接近开关8和第三接近开关9的开关时序，并与设定的状态时序进行比对，判断护栏叉刀口是否为叉车正常进入状态；如果接收到的开关时序与设定的状态时序一致，则判定为叉车正常进入状态，否则，为人进入状态或者非叉车正常进入状态；当判定为人进入状态或者非叉车正常进入状态时，安全识别单元将信号传送至报警单元，触发报警单元报警。
本实施例中，设定的状态时序具体为：
两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关7同时断开，并且在设定的第一时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第二接近开关8同时接通；在设定的第二时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第三接近开关9同时接通；在设定的第三时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关7同时接通。
实施例二
基于实施例一中的生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，在一些实施方式中，还公开了一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护方法，包括如下过程：
在自动工位护栏1的两个叉刀口2位置分别设置可升降挡板5，所述挡板5能够在受到向下的压力时压缩弹性件并下降，压力消失时能够在弹性件的弹力作用下实现复位；
两个叉刀口2相对应的位置分别设有第一接近开关7、第二接近开关8和第三接近开关9，通过接收并判断各个接近开关的开关时序，并与设定的状态时序进行比对，判断护栏叉刀口是否为叉车正常进入状态。
当两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关7同时断开，并且在设定的第一时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第二接近开关8同时接通；在设定的第二时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第三接近开关9同时接通；在设定的第三时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关7同时接通；则判定为叉车正常进入状态；否则，为人进入状态或者非叉车正常进入状态，发出报警信号。
上述过程的具体实现方式已经在实施例一中进行了详细说明，此处不再详述。
实施例三
实施例三
在一个或多个实施方式中，公开了一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，结合图4和图5(a)-(b)，具体包括：在自动工位中的工作台10外侧设置护栏1，护栏1上设有两个叉刀口2，两个叉刀口2位置分别设有可升降挡板单元；两个可升降挡板单元的结构相同，对称设置。
结合图5(a)-(b)，每一个可升降挡板单元包括：挡板5、配重块11和滑轮组件12；挡板5和配重块11分别设置在护栏1的两个相对的侧面，挡板5和配重块11通过滑轮组件12连接；挡板5在初始状态下处于叉刀口2的位置，并能够遮挡叉刀口2。需要说明的是，图5(a)-(b)中仅示出了挡板5、配重块11和滑轮组件12的结构关系，未示出第一接近开关7、第二接近开关8和第三接近开关9。
配重块11的重量大于挡板5的重量，因此，初始状态时或者没有下压时，挡板5会在重力差的作用下自动上升至叉刀口2位置，并能够将叉刀口2遮挡。
叉刀下压挡板5时，挡板5向下移动，同时配重块11向上移动，直到叉刀到达设定位置，挡板5完全不遮挡叉刀口2。
本实施例中，挡板5的大小要能够完全覆盖住叉刀口2；结合图4，挡板5在宽度方向上大于叉刀口2的宽度；滑轮组件12为两组定滑轮，分别设置在护栏1顶端的叉刀口2两侧；配重块11可以是一个，也可以是每个定滑轮对应一个配重块11。
本实施例附图给出的均是配重块11为一个时的示意图；当配重块11为一个时，每一组定滑轮的柔索(绳、胶带、钢索、链条等)一端连接挡板5的左侧或右侧，另一端共同连接至配重块11；此时，为了避免配重块11对叉刀的工作产生干涉，在挡板5被下压的整个过程中，配重块11的都位于叉刀口2最低端的下面。
当配重块11为两个时，每一组定滑轮的柔索(绳、胶带、钢索、链条等)一端连接挡板5的左侧或右侧，另一端分别连接一个配重块11。此时，两个配重块11分别处于叉刀口2的两侧，不会对叉刀的工作产生干涉。
本实施例中，挡板5沿着第一导向机构上升或下降，第一导向机构包括：设置在挡板5两侧的第一导向轮14，以及设置在护栏1上与导向轮14位置相匹配的第一导向槽13；第一导向轮14能够沿着第一导向槽13上下移动。
配重块11沿着第二导向机构上升或下降，第二导向机构包括：设置在配重块11两侧的第二导向轮，以及设置在护栏1上与第二导向轮位置相匹配的第二导向槽；第二导向轮能够沿着第二导向槽上下移动。
图6给出了配重块11的第二导向机构的示意图，挡板5的第一导向机构结构与第二导向机构结构相同，因此未示出；当然，第一导向槽13和第二导向槽可以是两个独立的导向槽，也可以为同一个导向槽，即第一导向轮14和第二导向轮可以共用一个导向槽。
本实施例中，为了避免人通过叉刀口2位置翻越护栏1，在叉刀口2位置设置升降挡板5，当叉车到来时下压挡板5完成工作台10放料操作，在叉车不工作的时候，挡板5上升将叉刀口2挡住；叉车与叉刀口2配合的示意图可以参照图2(a)-(b)。
为了进一步避免人通过下压挡板5而翻越护栏1，本实施例中，结合图4，在两个叉刀口2两侧对称设置安全检测单元；安全检测单元包括：第一接近开关7、第二接近开关8和第三接近开关9；第一接近开关7设置在挡板5处于最顶端位置时的对应设定位置；第二接近开 关8设置在挡板5处于设定的中间位置时的对应设定位置，具体位置可以根据需要设定；第三接近开关9设置在挡板5处于最底端位置时的对应设定位置。
第一接近开关7在挡板5未被下压时处于接通状态，在挡板5被下压后断开；第二接近开关8在挡板5被下压到设定的中间位置时接通，第三接近开关9在挡板5被下压到最底端位置时接通。
作为具体的示例，第一接近开关7，设置在在与叉刀口2的最顶端相对应的位置；挡板5处于初始位置时，第一接近开关7能够感应到挡板5处于导通状态，在挡板5下压时，第一接近开关7会因无法感应到挡板5而断开。
第二接近开关8，设置在中间设定的第一位置；当挡板5被下压到设定的第一位置时，第二接近开关8会因能够感应到挡板5而导通。
第三接近开关9，设置在挡板5完全不遮挡叉刀口2时，与挡板5顶端相对应的位置；随着挡板5的下压，当挡板5被下压到该位置时，第三接近开关9便会因能够感应到挡板5而导通。
结合图7(a)，当挡板5在最高位(即未被下压的初始位置)的时候，两个第一接近开关7均能够检测到挡板5，两个第一接近开关7均接通，表明系统安全。
结合图7(b)，叉刀下压挡板5下降时，两个第一接近开关7同时断开，在经过设定的第一时间后，两个第二接近开关8同时接通，此时两个第一接近开关7被暂时断开。
结合图7(c)，叉刀继续下压挡板5下降，在经过设定的第二时间后，两个第三接近开关9同时接通，此时挡板5下压到最低端，两个第一接近开关7仍断开。
然后叉刀上升，挡板5随着上升，一定时间内两个第三接近开关9同时断开，此时两个第一接近开关7仍断开；随着挡板5的继续上升，一定时间内两个第二接近开关8同时断开，此时两个第一接近开关7仍断开。当挡板5上升至最顶端的初始位置时，两个第一接近开关7接通，系统恢复至初始状态。
基于叉车工作的上述过程，本实施例还设置了控制单元和报警单元；其中，控制单元通过接收并判断第一接近开关7、第二接近开关8和第三接近开关9的开关时序，并与设定的安全状态时序进行比对，判断护栏1叉刀口2是否为安全状态；如果接收到的开关时序与安全状态时序一致，则判定为安全状态，否则，为非安全状态；当判定为非安全状态时，安全识别单元将信号传送至报警单元，触发报警单元报警。本实施例的控制单元及其时序判断过程与实施例一中相同，不再详述。
实施例四
在一些实施方式中，还公开了一种生产车间内自动工位护栏，包括实施例一或实施例三中的生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，包括：分别设置在护栏两个叉刀口位置的可升降挡板单元，所述可升降挡板单元包括相对设置的两个导向杆，挡板连接在两个导向杆之间，导向杆上设有弹性件，所述挡板能够在受到向下的压力时压缩弹性件并下降，压力消失时能够在弹性件的弹力作用下实现复位。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，还包括：对称设置在两个叉刀口的安全检测单元；
    所述安全检测单元包括：
    第一接近开关，设置在导向杆的上部；
    第二接近开关，设置在导向杆下部的设定的第一位置；
    第三接近开关，设置在导向杆下部的设定的第二位置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，所述第一接近开关在挡板未被下压时处于接通状态，在挡板被下压后断开；所述第二接近开关在挡板被下压到设定的第一位置时接通，所述第三接近开关在挡板被下压到设定的第一位置时接通。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，还包括：安全识别单元，所述安全识别单元通过接收并判断第一接近开关、第二接近开关和第三接近开关的开关时序，并与设定的状态时序进行比对，判断护栏叉刀口是否为叉车正常进入状态。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，所述设定的状态时序具体为：
    当两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关同时断开，并且在设定的第一时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第二接近开关同时接通；在设定的第二时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第三接近开关同时接通；在设定的第三时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关同时接通；则判定为叉车正常进入状态；否则，为非叉车正常进入状态。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，还包括：报警单元，所述报警单元与安全识别单元连接，用于在安全识别单元识别为非叉车正常进入状态时发出报警信号。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，所述弹性件为弹簧。
  8. 一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在自动工位护栏的两个叉刀口位置分别设置可升降挡板，所述挡板能够在受到向下的压力时压缩弹性件并下降，压力消失时能够在弹性件的弹力作用下实现复位；
    两个叉刀口相对应的位置分别设有第一接近开关、第二接近开关和第三接近开关，通过接收并判断各个接近开关的开关时序，并与设定的状态时序进行比对，判断护栏叉刀口是否为叉车正常进入状态。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护方法，其特征在于，所述设定的状态时序具体为：
    当两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关同时断开，并且在设定的第一时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第二接近开关同时接通；在设定的第二时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第三接近开关同时接通；在设定的第三时间范围后，两个安全检测单元的第一接近开关同时接通；则判定为叉车正常进入状态；否则，为非叉车正常进入状态。
  10. 一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，包括：分别设置在护栏两个叉刀口位置的可升降挡板单元，所述可升降挡板单元包括：挡板、配重块和滑轮组件；所述挡板和配重块分别设置在护栏的两个相对的侧面，挡板和配重块通过滑轮组件连接；所述挡板在初始状态下处于叉刀口的位置，并能够遮挡叉刀口；所述挡板能够在压力作用下向下移动，直到挡板完全不遮挡叉刀口。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，所述配重块的重量大于挡板的重量。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，所述滑轮组件为设置在护栏上的叉刀口两侧的定滑轮，挡板通过两个定滑轮连接配重块；
    配重块为一个，挡板被下压过程中，配重块的位置始终低于叉刀口；
    或者，配重块为两个，每一个定滑轮对应一个配重块。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，还包括：对称设置在两个叉刀口两侧的安全检测单元；
    所述安全检测单元包括：第一接近开关、第二接近开关和第三接近开关；所述第一接近开关设置在挡板处于最顶端位置时的对应设定位置；所述第二接近开关设置在挡板处于设定的中间位置时的对应设定位置；所述第三接近开关设置在挡板处于最底端位置时的对应设定位置。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，所述第一接近开关在挡板未被下压时处于接通状态，在挡板被下压后断开；所述第二接近开关在挡板被下压到设定的中间位置时接通，所述第三接近开关在挡板被下压到最底端位置时接通。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的一种生产车间内自动工位护栏叉刀口的防护装置，其特征在于，还包括：控制单元和报警单元，所述控制单元与报警单元连接，控制单元在识别到挡板处于不安全状态时，控制报警单元发出报警信号。
  16. 一种生产车间内自动工位护栏，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-7任一项所述的护栏叉刀口的防护装置；或者，包括权利要求10-15任一项所述的护栏叉刀口的防护装置。
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