WO2024000280A1 - 电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024000280A1
WO2024000280A1 PCT/CN2022/102405 CN2022102405W WO2024000280A1 WO 2024000280 A1 WO2024000280 A1 WO 2024000280A1 CN 2022102405 W CN2022102405 W CN 2022102405W WO 2024000280 A1 WO2024000280 A1 WO 2024000280A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
absorption
housing
liquid
accommodation cavity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/102405
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龙超
陈兴地
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/102405 priority Critical patent/WO2024000280A1/zh
Priority to CN202280007161.6A priority patent/CN116529938A/zh
Priority to CN202320170886.9U priority patent/CN219393661U/zh
Publication of WO2024000280A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024000280A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/141—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors for protecting against humidity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/673—Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor
    • H01M50/682—Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor accommodated in battery or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/691—Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings; Cleaning battery or cell casings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to batteries and electrical devices.
  • the present application provides a battery, including: a box with an accommodation cavity inside; a battery cell located in the accommodation cavity; and an absorption device, at least part of which is communicated with the accommodation cavity for absorbing Contains the liquid in the chamber.
  • the above-mentioned battery is provided with an absorption device, and ensures that at least part of the absorption device remains in communication with the accommodation cavity.
  • the absorption device can be used to absorb the liquid in the containing cavity. This can effectively prevent the liquid from spreading and flooding the circuit connections and other parts of the battery cells, and prevent the battery from causing insulation abnormalities, high-voltage short circuits and other circuits due to the entry of liquid. risks, thereby reducing the occurrence of safety accidents.
  • the cavity wall of the accommodation cavity includes a bottom wall that supports the battery cells, and the absorption device is located in the accommodation cavity to absorb liquid on the bottom wall.
  • the absorption device is directly arranged in the accommodation cavity, making it easier for the absorption device to communicate with the accommodation cavity, so that the liquid on the bottom wall can be absorbed in a timely and effective manner, and to avoid safety accidents caused by contact between the liquid and the electrical connection parts of the battery cells. .
  • the absorbing device is spaced apart from the battery cells on the bottom wall. In this way, arranging the absorbing device on the bottom wall facilitates easy contact between the absorbing device and the liquid, thereby improving the absorbing effect.
  • the battery cell has an electrical connection end, and in the height direction of the box, a side of the absorbing device facing away from the bottom wall is spaced apart and lower than the electrical connection end.
  • the absorption device is designed to be lower than the electrical connection end, leaving enough expansion space for the absorption device to avoid insulation abnormalities or short circuits in the battery cells due to being too close to each other, further improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the absorption expansion coefficient of the absorbing device is denoted by K.
  • D the distance between the side of the absorbing device facing away from the bottom wall and the electrical connection end.
  • the box body includes a support member and a frame provided on the support member.
  • An accommodation cavity is formed between the frame and the support member, and the bottom wall is a side of the support member facing the accommodation cavity. Therefore, the box is designed as a support member and frame to provide stable support for the battery cells and ensure a more stable battery structure.
  • all battery cells are connected in parallel and/or in series to form a battery pack, and the battery pack has an absorption device along at least one side of the length direction of the box.
  • An absorption device is provided on at least one side of the battery pack along the length direction of the box, so as to ensure effective absorption and avoid increasing the size of the battery along the width direction of the box, making the battery structure design more reasonable.
  • the absorbing device includes a shell and an absorbing structure contained in the shell. At least a part of the shell can allow liquid in the receiving cavity to enter the shell, and the absorbing structure is used to absorb the liquid.
  • the absorption structure is accommodated in the case and constrained to form, preventing it from being directly exposed to the case and causing the absorbed liquid to flow back into the case; at the same time, it also plays a protective role in the absorption structure to prevent the battery cells from being exposed to the absorbed liquid. Friction losses occur between structures.
  • At least a portion of the housing is a water-permeable structure.
  • at least part of the casing is designed as a water-permeable structure, so that the water in the receiving cavity can pass through the casing and contact the absorption structure, thereby realizing the self-absorbing function of the battery.
  • the housing is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is used to allow liquid in the accommodation chamber to enter the housing.
  • a through hole is provided on the casing, so that the liquid in the accommodation cavity can pass through the casing and come into contact with the absorption structure, thereby also realizing the self-absorbing function of the battery.
  • the shell includes a first shell and a second shell coupled to the first shell, the absorbing structure is disposed between the first shell and the second shell, and the first shell and/or the second shell can provide Liquid enters the housing.
  • the absorbing structure is disposed between the first shell and the second shell, and the first shell and/or the second shell can provide Liquid enters the housing.
  • the absorbent structure includes an absorbent body and a deformation element.
  • the deformation element is provided with an absorption body on at least one side along its thickness direction.
  • the deformation element is configured to undergo structural deformation under the expansion and compression of the absorption body.
  • the deformation member is provided on the absorption body, and the structural deformation function of the deformation member is used to provide space for the absorption expansion of the absorption body and improve the absorption performance of the absorption body.
  • the absorbent body includes two, and the two absorbent bodies are respectively provided on opposite sides of the deformation member along its thickness direction.
  • the two absorption bodies are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the deformation member, so that the deformation member provides expansion space for the absorption bodies on both sides to improve the absorption performance of the absorption device; at the same time, the absorption body on one side can also pass through the deformation member It is transferred to the absorbent body on the other side to ensure even distribution of liquid.
  • the application provides an electrical device, including any of the above batteries, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a structural top view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery in Figure 3 along the A-A direction;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorption device provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic second structural diagram of an absorption device provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Vehicle 1000. Vehicle; 100. Battery; 110. Box; 111. Accommodation cavity; 112. Bottom wall; 113. Supporting member; 114. Frame; 115. Cover; 120. Battery cell; 121. Battery pack; 122. Electrical connection end; 123, busbar; 130, absorption device; 131, housing; 131a, first shell; 131b, second shell; 132, absorption structure; 132a, absorption body; 132b, deformation member; 133, through hole ; 200. Controller; 300. Motor.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. . As the application fields of power batteries continue to expand, their market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the applicant has designed a battery after in-depth research, adding an absorption device for absorbing the liquid in the accommodation cavity to the battery, and ensuring that At least part of the absorbing device remains in communication with the receiving chamber.
  • the above-mentioned battery is provided with an absorption device, and ensures that at least part of the absorption device remains in communication with the accommodation cavity.
  • the absorption device can be used to absorb the liquid in the containing cavity. This can effectively prevent the liquid from spreading and flooding the circuit connections and other parts of the battery cells, and prevent the battery from causing insulation abnormalities, high-voltage short circuits and other circuits due to the entry of liquid. risks, thereby reducing the occurrence of safety accidents.
  • the batteries disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in, but are not limited to, electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • a power supply system including the battery disclosed in this application can be used to form the electrical device. In this way, circuit risks such as insulation abnormalities and high-voltage short circuits caused by liquid entering the battery can be avoided, thereby reducing the occurrence of safety accidents.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • an electric device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application is used as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation, and driving of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 110 and a battery cell 120.
  • the battery cell 120 is accommodated in the case 110.
  • the box 110 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cells 120, and the box 110 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 110 may include a first part and a second part, the first part and the second part cover each other, and the first part and the second part jointly define an accommodation space for accommodating the battery cells 120 .
  • the second part may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part may be a plate-like structure, and the first part covers the open side of the second part, so that the first part and the second part jointly define an accommodation space; the first part and the second part
  • the parts may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part is covered with the open side of the second part.
  • the box 110 formed by the first part and the second part can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 120, and the plurality of battery cells 120 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 120 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 120 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 120 can be accommodated in the box 110 ; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 120
  • the battery 100 modules are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed, and then multiple battery 100 modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 110 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 120 .
  • Each battery cell 120 may be a secondary battery 100 or a primary battery 100; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery 100, a sodium-ion battery 100 or a magnesium-ion battery 100, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 120 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 110 , a battery cell 120 and an absorption device 130 .
  • the box 110 has a receiving cavity 111 inside.
  • the battery cell 120 is disposed in the accommodation cavity 111 .
  • the absorption device 130 is at least partially in communication with the accommodation cavity 111 and is used to absorb the liquid in the accommodation cavity 111 .
  • the absorbing device 130 refers to a structure that can absorb liquid, such as a material with water-absorbing properties; or a device with a suction function, etc.
  • the material can have a variety of choices, for example, but is not limited to, it can be a resin structure such as cellulose type, polyvinyl salt type, polyvinyl alcohol type, polyoxyethylene type, etc.
  • the activation method may be manual triggering or self-triggering. For example: when liquid enters the accommodation cavity 111, the liquid sensor detects relevant information and generates a corresponding trigger signal to the absorption device 130, so that the absorption device 130 starts working automatically. Among them, the liquid can be water, etc.
  • the fact that the absorbing device 130 is at least partially communicated with the receiving cavity 111 should be understood as: there is at least one place on the absorbing device 130 that allows the liquid in the receiving cavity 111 to enter the absorbing device 130 .
  • the absorption device 130 When absorbing the liquid in the accommodation cavity 111, the absorption device 130 can be designed to absorb all the liquid in the accommodation cavity 111; it can also be designed to absorb the liquid in the accommodation cavity 111 below the preset liquid level line.
  • an absorption device 130 is provided, and it is ensured that at least part of the absorption device 130 remains in communication with the accommodation cavity 111.
  • the absorption device 130 can be used to absorb the liquid in the accommodation cavity 111, which can effectively prevent the liquid from spreading and flooding the circuit connections and other parts of the battery cell 120, and prevent the battery 100 from causing insulation abnormalities due to the entry of liquid. , high voltage short circuit and other circuit risks, thereby reducing the occurrence of safety accidents.
  • the cavity wall of the accommodation cavity 111 includes a bottom wall 112 that supports the battery cell 120 .
  • the absorption device 130 is located in the accommodation cavity 111 to absorb liquid on the bottom wall 112 .
  • the absorption device 130 is located in the accommodation cavity 111, and its distribution position can have various designs, as long as the absorption device 130 can absorb the liquid on the bottom wall 112. It should be noted that the absorption device 130 absorbs the liquid on the bottom wall 112 , and its purpose is to reduce the accumulation of liquid on the bottom wall 112 and prevent the liquid from flooding the electrical connections and other parts of the battery cells 120 . Therefore, the absorption device 130 can completely Absorb the liquid on the bottom wall 112; the liquid on the bottom wall 112 can also be partially absorbed.
  • the absorption device 130 When the absorption device 130 partially absorbs the liquid on the bottom wall 112, it can be installed on the side wall of the accommodation cavity 111 at a certain height from the bottom wall 112; of course, it can also be installed on the top wall of the accommodation cavity 111, but the absorption device 130 The absorbing end needs to be extended to be close to or in contact with the bottom wall 112.
  • the absorption device 130 can be directly placed on the bottom wall 112; Any cavity wall of the accommodation cavity 111 and so on.
  • the absorption device 130 is directly arranged in the accommodation cavity 111 so that the absorption device 130 is more easily communicated with the accommodation cavity 111 so as to absorb the liquid on the bottom wall 112 in a timely and effective manner and avoid contact between the liquid and the electrical connection part of the battery cell 120 and cause safety accidents. At the same time, it is also avoided that the absorption device 130 is located outside the box 110 and it is necessary to open a hole in the box 110 to damage the sealing property of the box 110 .
  • the absorption device 130 and the battery cell 120 are spaced on the bottom wall 112 .
  • the absorption device 130 can be installed directly on the bottom wall 112 or can be fixedly connected.
  • the fixed connection can be, but is not limited to, bolted connection, welding, bonding, clamping, pin connection, etc.
  • the absorbing end of the absorbing device 130 can be disposed on the side of the absorbing device 130 facing the bottom wall 112; it can also be disposed on any side of the absorbing device 130; of course, it will also absorb
  • the circumferential sides of the device 130 are provided with absorbing ends and the like.
  • the side of the absorbing device 130 facing the bottom wall 112 is provided with an absorbing end communicating with the accommodating cavity 111, the absorbing effect of the absorbing device 130 is better.
  • the absorption device 130 and the battery cell 120 are spaced apart from each other on the bottom wall 112 , so that there is a certain expansion space between them to avoid expansion resistance of the battery cell 120 or the absorption device 130 , which would affect the stability of their respective structures.
  • the absorbing device 130 can be arranged at the lowest position on the bottom wall 112, which facilitates the liquid to converge toward the absorbing device 130.
  • a drainage groove can also be provided on the bottom wall 112, and the drainage groove can be used to centrally flow the liquid to the absorption device 130 and the like.
  • the absorption device 130 is disposed on the bottom wall 112 so that the absorption device 130 can easily contact the liquid, thereby improving the absorption effect.
  • the battery cell 120 has an electrical connection terminal 122 .
  • a side of the absorbing device 130 facing away from the bottom wall 112 is spaced apart and lower than the electrical connection end 122 .
  • the height direction of the box 110 is the direction marked by X in FIG. 2 .
  • the electrical connection end 122 refers to a component on the battery cell 120 that can be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly for outputting or inputting electrical energy of the battery cell 120 .
  • the electrical connection terminals 122 can also be used to connect two adjacent battery cells 120 in parallel or in series or in mixed connection.
  • the bus 123 is connected to the electrical connection terminals 122 of two adjacent battery cells 120 .
  • the absorption device 130 is prevented from being too close to the electrical connection end 122 to cause insulation abnormality or short circuit.
  • maintaining a certain distance between the absorbing device 130 and the electrical connecting end 122 can also effectively prevent the absorbing device 130 from expanding in volume after absorbing liquid and causing the absorbing device 130 to be too close to the electrical connecting end 122 .
  • the absorption device 130 is designed to be lower than the electrical connection end 122 to reserve enough expansion space for the absorption device 130 to avoid insulation abnormalities or short circuits in the battery cell 120 due to the close distance between the two, further improving the safety of the battery 100 performance.
  • the absorption expansion coefficient of the absorption device 130 is denoted as K.
  • the distance between the side of the absorbing device 130 away from the bottom wall 112 and the electrical connection end 122 is marked as D; where D>3/K.
  • the fact that the absorption device 130 does not expand means that the absorption device 130 will expand and deform after absorbing liquid. Therefore, the fact that the absorption device 130 does not expand can be understood as the state in which the absorption device 130 has not absorbed liquid; of course, it can also be understood as absorption.
  • the initial state of the device 130 is the state when the absorbing device 130 has just been installed into the box 110 .
  • the distance D between the side of the absorption device 130 away from the bottom wall 112 and the electrical connection end 122 should be greater than 3/K, so that even if the absorption device 130 expands and deforms, a reasonable distance will be maintained between the absorption device 130 and the electrical connection end 122 .
  • the distance D is greater than or equal to 12 mm.
  • D may be but is not limited to 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, etc.
  • the box 110 includes a support member 113 and a frame 114 provided on the support member 113 .
  • a receiving cavity 111 is formed between the frame 114 and the supporting member 113 .
  • the bottom wall 112 is a side of the support member 113 facing the accommodation cavity 111 .
  • the support member 113 refers to a structure that can provide support for the installation of the battery cell 120, such as a bottom plate, a water-cooling plate, and other structures.
  • the support member 113 can not only provide stable support force; it can also provide good heat dissipation for the battery cells 120 to ensure stable operation of the battery cells 120 .
  • connection methods between the frame 114 and the support member 113 there are many connection methods between the frame 114 and the support member 113.
  • the connection method between the two can be but not limited to bolt connection, clamping, riveting, welding, bonding, integrated molding, etc.
  • integrated molding can be injection molding, die-casting, casting, stamping and other processes.
  • the box 110 is designed as a support member 113 and a frame 114 to provide stable support for the battery cell 120 and ensure a more stable structure of the battery 100.
  • all battery cells 120 are connected in parallel and/or in series to form a battery pack 121 , and the battery pack 121 has an absorption device 130 along at least one side of the length direction of the box 110 .
  • FIG. 2 is taken as an example.
  • the length direction of the box 110 is the direction marked by Y in FIG. 2 .
  • the absorbing device 130 There may be one absorbing device 130 , and the absorbing device 130 may be distributed on either side of the battery pack 121 along the length direction of the box 110 ; or there may be two absorbing devices 130 , and the two absorbing devices 130 may be distributed on the battery pack 121 respectively.
  • the groups 121 are along both sides of the length direction of the box 110 .
  • there may be multiple absorption devices 130 and in addition to being distributed on both sides of the battery pack 121 along the length direction of the box 110 , they may also be distributed on other circumferential sides of the battery pack 121 .
  • An absorption device 130 is provided on at least one side of the battery pack 121 along the length direction of the box 110, so as to avoid increasing the size of the battery 100 along the width direction of the box 110 while ensuring effective absorption, thereby improving the structural design of the battery 100. More reasonable.
  • the absorbing device 130 includes a housing 131 and an absorbing structure 132 received in the housing 131 . At least a part of the housing 131 can allow the liquid in the accommodation chamber 111 to enter the housing 131 .
  • the absorbent structure 132 is used to absorb liquid.
  • At least a part of the housing 131 can allow liquid to enter the housing 131. There are many ways to achieve this, such as: setting at least a part of the housing 131 into a permeable material, such as non-woven fabric, etc.; or, making the housing 131 At least part of the upper part is provided with a hole-like structure, etc.
  • the shell 131 When the absorbing device 130 absorbs liquid, the shell 131 may be deformed; or it may not be deformed, that is, the shell 131 is made of a rigid material. When the shell 131 can deform, the internal space of the shell 131 can be expanded and the absorption capacity of the absorption structure 132 can be improved. Among them, there are many choices of materials for the deformable housing 131, such as elastic cloth.
  • the absorbent structure 132 refers to a component with the function of absorbing liquid, such as cellulose-based, polyvinyl-alcohol-based, polyvinyl-alcohol-based, polyoxyethylene-based, etc.
  • the absorption structure 132 relies on its own adsorption function to absorb the liquid in the housing 131 .
  • the absorption structure 132 is housed in the casing 131 and restrained to prevent it from being directly exposed in the box 110 and causing the absorbed liquid to flow back into the box 110; at the same time, it also plays a protective role on the absorption structure 132. Friction loss between the battery cell 120 and the absorbing structure 132 is avoided.
  • At least a part of the housing 131 is a water-permeable structure.
  • the liquid in this embodiment is water
  • the water-permeable structure refers to a structure that can be penetrated by water. For example, when the water in the accommodation cavity 111 flows to the surface of the housing 131, the water will penetrate through the housing 131 and enter the interior.
  • materials for permeable structures There are many choices for materials for permeable structures, as long as they can have water permeability function.
  • the upper part of the housing 131 can be designed as a water-permeable structure; the entire housing 131 can also be designed as a water-permeable structure.
  • the water-permeable structure is disposed on the side of the housing 131 facing the bottom wall 112, so that the water absorption effect will be better.
  • At least a part of the housing 131 is designed as a water-permeable structure, so that the water in the accommodation cavity 111 passes through the housing 131 and contacts the absorption structure 132 to realize the self-absorbing function of the battery 100 .
  • the housing 131 is provided with a through hole 133 .
  • the through hole 133 is used to allow the liquid in the accommodation cavity 111 to enter the housing 131 .
  • the through hole 133 There may be one through hole 133 or multiple through holes 133 .
  • all the through holes 133 can be arranged on the housing 131 in various ways, for example, they can be arranged in a matrix, or they can be arranged at intervals in multiple rings, etc.
  • the shape of the through hole 133 also has various designs, such as: circle, ellipse, triangle, square, pentagon, etc.
  • a through hole 133 is provided on the casing 131 so that the liquid in the accommodation cavity 111 contacts the absorption structure 132 through the casing 131 , thereby also realizing the self-absorbing function of the battery 100 .
  • the housing 131 includes a first housing 131a and a second housing 131b coupled to the first housing 131a.
  • the absorbing structure 132 is disposed between the first shell 131a and the second shell 131b, and the first shell 131a and/or the second shell 131b can allow liquid to enter the shell 131.
  • the first shell 131a or the second shell 131b can be designed as a water-permeable material; the first shell 131a or the second shell 131b can also be opened. holes for liquid to flow in, etc.
  • connection method between the first shell 131a and the second shell 131b may be but not limited to bolt connection, clamping, welding, bonding, integrated molding, etc.
  • the shell 131 is designed into two parts: the first shell 131a and the second shell 131b. This facilitates the placement of the absorbent structure 132 in the shell 131 during the production of the absorbent device 130, and is conducive to simplifying the molding process of the absorbent device 130.
  • the absorbent structure 132 includes an absorbent body 132a and a deformation element 132b.
  • the deformation element 132b is provided with an absorption body 132a on at least one side along its thickness direction.
  • the deformation member 132b is configured to undergo structural deformation under the expansion and compression of the absorbing body 132a.
  • the absorption body 132a refers to a structure with adsorption function, such as: cellulose type, polyvinyl salt type, polyvinyl alcohol type, polyoxyethylene type, etc.
  • the deformation member 132b refers to a component with a deformation function. When the absorption body 132a absorbs liquid and undergoes structural expansion, it can squeeze the deformation member 132b to undergo structural deformation.
  • the "structural deformation” may be plastic deformation or elastic deformation. There are many choices of materials for the deformation part 132b, such as: melamine foam, fluffy non-woven fabric, etc.
  • the deformation member 132b is provided on the absorption body 132a, and the structural deformation function of the deformation member 132b is used to provide space for the absorption expansion of the absorption body 132a, thereby improving the absorption performance of the absorption body 132a.
  • the absorbing body 132a includes two.
  • the two absorption bodies 132a are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the deformation member 132b along its thickness direction.
  • connection relationships can be designed in various ways, such as direct fitting, pasting, etc.
  • the two absorption bodies 132a are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the deformation member 132b, so that the deformation member 132b provides expansion space for the absorption bodies 132a on both sides to improve the absorption performance of the absorption device 130; at the same time, the absorption body 132a on one side also It can be transferred to the absorption body 132a on the other side through the deformation member to ensure uniform distribution of liquid.
  • the present application provides an electrical device.
  • the electric device includes the battery 100 in any of the above solutions.
  • the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the power-consuming device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 includes a support member 113, a frame 114, a battery cell 120, a busbar 123, a cover 115, and an absorption device 130.
  • the support member 113, the frame 114, and the cover 115 form a sealed accommodation cavity 111.
  • the battery cells 120 are fixed in the accommodation cavity 111 by gluing or bolting, and the busbar 123 connects multiple battery cells 120 to form an energy body.
  • An absorption device 130 is arranged at the bottom of the battery 100 package and can be fixed to the support member 113 by gluing or bolting.
  • the absorption device 130 is preferably installed on the support member 113 at the bottom of the battery 100 package (the low place when the battery 100 is assembled on the vehicle), so as to absorb the water immediately after the battery 100 package is filled with water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池(100)及用电装置，在电池(100)中设置吸收装置(130)，并保证吸收装置(130)的至少部分与容纳腔(111)保持相通。当液体进入容纳腔(111)内时，可利用吸收装置(130)吸收容纳腔(111)内的液体，这样能有效阻止液体扩散并淹没电池单体(120)的电连接端(122)等部位，避免电池(100)因进液体而导致绝缘异常、高压短路等电路风险，从而减少安全事故的发生。

Description

电池及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及电池及用电装置。
背景技术
随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，对其安全性能的要求也随之增高，尤其是动力电池的防水性能，防水性能的好坏直接影响电池运行的稳定。例如，若动力电池密封结构失效时，液体会进入动力电池内，易与电连接部分接触，导致绝缘异常、高压短路，甚至起火爆炸等风险。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种电池及用电装置，避免液体淹没电池单体的电连接等部位，减少安全事故的发生。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括：箱体，内部具有容纳腔；电池单体，设于容纳腔内；以及吸收装置，吸收装置的至少部分与容纳腔保持相通，用于吸收容纳腔内的液体。
上述的电池，设置吸收装置，并保证吸收装置的至少部分与容纳腔保持相通。当液体进入容纳腔内时，可利用吸收装置吸收容纳腔内的液体，这样能有效阻止液体扩散并淹没电池单体的电路接等部位，避免电池因进液体而导致绝缘异常、高压短路等电路风险，从而减少安全事故的发生。
在一些实施例中，容纳腔的腔壁包括承托电池单体的底壁，吸收装置位 于容纳腔内，以吸收底壁上的液体。如此，将吸收装置直接设置在容纳腔内，使得吸收装置更容易与容纳腔保持相通，以便将底壁上的液体及时、有效吸收，避免液体与电池单体的电连接部位接触而引起安全事故。
在一些实施例中，吸收装置与电池单体间隔设于底壁上。如此，将吸收装置设置在底壁上，便于吸收装置容易与液体接触，从而有利于提升吸收效果。
在一些实施例中，电池单体具有电连接端，在箱体的高度方向上，吸收装置背离底壁的一侧面间隔且低于电连接端。如此，将吸收装置低于电连接端设计，为吸收装置预留足够的膨胀空间，避免因两者距离太近而导致电池单体出现绝缘异常或短路等现象，进一步提升电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，吸收装置的吸收膨胀系数记为K，未发生膨胀时，吸收装置背离底壁的一侧面与电连接端之间的间距记为D；其中，D＞3/K。如此，合理控制吸收装置与电连接端之间的间距，能有效避免膨胀后的吸水装置与电连接端距离太近而造成绝缘异常或是短路等风险。
在一些实施例中，箱体包括支撑构件及设于支撑构件上的边框，边框与支撑构件之间形成容纳腔，底壁为支撑构件朝向容纳腔的一侧面。由此，将箱体设计成支撑构件和边框，为电池单体提供稳定的支撑，保证电池结构更加稳定。
在一些实施例中，全部电池单体并联和/或串联形成电池组，电池组沿箱体的长度方向的至少一侧具有吸收装置。在电池组沿箱体的长度方向的至少一侧设置吸收装置，这样在保证能实现有效吸收的前提下，避免增加电池沿箱体的宽度方向的尺寸，使得电池结构设计更加合理。
在一些实施例中，吸收装置包括壳体及收容于壳体内的吸收结构，壳体上至少一部分能供容纳腔内的液体进入至壳体内，吸收结构用于吸收液体。如 此，将吸收结构收容在壳体内，使之约束成型，避免其直接暴露在箱体内而导致吸收的液体重新流回箱体内；同时，对吸收结构也起到防护作用，避免电池单体与吸收结构之间发生摩擦损耗。
在一些实施例中，壳体上至少一部分为透水结构。如此设计，将壳体至少一部分设计成透水结构，以便容纳腔内的水透过壳体与吸收结构接触，实现电池的自吸水功能。
在一些实施例中，壳体上设有通孔，通孔用于允许容纳腔内的液体进入壳体内。如此，在壳体上设置通孔，使得容纳腔内的液体透过壳体与吸收结构接触，同样实现电池的自吸水功能。
在一些实施例中，壳体包括第一壳及配接于第一壳的第二壳，吸收结构设于第一壳与第二壳之间，第一壳和/或第二壳上能供液体进入壳体内。这样在吸收装置制作中，方便吸收结构放置在壳体内，有利于简化吸收装置的成型工艺。
在一些实施例中，吸收结构包括吸收本体及形变件，形变件沿自身厚度方向的至少一侧上设有吸收本体，形变件被构造为在吸收本体的膨胀挤压下，能发生结构形变。如此，在吸收本体上设置形变件，利用形变件的结构形变功能，为吸收本体的吸收膨胀提供空间，提升吸收本体的吸收性能。
在一些实施例中，吸收本体包括两个，两个吸收本体分别设于形变件沿自身厚度方向的相对两侧上。如此，将两个吸收本体分别设置在形变件的相对两侧，使得形变件为两侧的吸收本体提供膨胀空间，以提升吸收装置的吸收性能；同时，一侧的吸收本体也可通过变形件传递至另一侧的吸收本体上，保证液体均匀分布。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一项的电池，电池 用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构俯视图；
图4为图3中的电池沿A-A方向的剖视图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的吸收装置的结构示意图一；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的吸收装置的结构示意图二。
1000、车辆；100、电池；110、箱体；111、容纳腔；112、底壁；113、支撑构件；114、边框；115、盖体；120、电池单体；121、电池组；122、电连接端；123、汇流件；130、吸收装置；131、壳体；131a、第一壳；131b、第二壳；132、吸收结构；132a、吸收本体；132b、形变件；133、通孔；200、控制器；300、马达。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包 括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请人注意到，当电池密封结构发生失效时，外部液体(比如水等)会进入电池内部。若该液体无法及时排出，则容易与电池单体的电连接部位(如高压巴片等)接触，导致绝缘异常、高压短路，甚至起火爆炸等风险，从而导致电池的安全性能降低。
基于此，为了解决电池因进入液体而导致安全性能降低的问题，本申请 人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池，在电池上增加用于吸收所述容纳腔内的液体的吸收装置，并保证吸收装置的至少部分与所述容纳腔保持相通。
上述的电池，设置吸收装置，并保证吸收装置的至少部分与容纳腔保持相通。当液体进入容纳腔内时，可利用吸收装置吸收容纳腔内的液体，这样能有效阻止液体扩散并淹没电池单体的电路接等部位，避免电池因进液体而导致绝缘异常、高压短路等电路风险，从而减少安全事故的发生。
本申请实施例公开的电池可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，避免电池因进液体而导致绝缘异常、高压短路等电路风险，从而减少安全事故的发生。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如， 用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体110和电池单体120，电池单体120容纳于箱体110内。其中，箱体110用于为电池单体120提供容纳空间，箱体110可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体110可以包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分与第二部分相互盖合，第一部分和第二部分共同限定出用于容纳电池单体120的容纳空间。第二部分可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分可以为板状结构，第一部分盖合于第二部分的开口侧，以使第一部分与第二部分共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分和第二部分也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分的开口侧盖合于第二部分的开口侧。当然，第一部分和第二部分形成的箱体110可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体120可以是多个，多个电池单体120之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体120中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体120之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体120构成的整体容纳于箱体110内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体120先串联或并联或混联组成电池100模块形式，多个电池100模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体110内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体120之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体120可以为二次电池100或一次电池100；还可以是锂硫电池100、钠离子电池100或镁离子电池100，但不局限于此。电池单体120 可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图2，本申请提供了一种电池100。电池100包括：箱体110、电池单体120和吸收装置130。箱体110内部具有容纳腔111。电池单体120设于容纳腔111内。吸收装置130至少部分与容纳腔111保持相通，用于吸收容纳腔111内的液体。
吸收装置130是指能吸收液体的结构，比如，具有吸水性能的材料；或者，具有抽吸功能的设备等。当吸收装置130为具有吸水性能的材料时，该材料可有多种选择，例如：可为但不限于纤维素系、聚乙烯酸盐系、聚乙烯醇系、聚氧乙烯系等树脂类结构。当吸收装置130为具有抽吸功能的设备时，该启动方式可为人工触发，也可为自行触发。比如：当液体进入容纳腔111内时，液体传感器检测到相关信息，并向吸收装置130发生相应的触发信号，以使吸收装置130自启动工作等。其中，液体可为水等。
吸收装置130至少部分与容纳腔111保持相通应理解为：吸收装置130上至少有一处，能允许容纳腔111内的液体进入至吸收装置130中。而“保持相通”的方式也有多种，比如：当吸收装置130位于箱体110外时，吸收装置130与容纳腔111之间需布置槽、孔或者管道之类结构实现两者连通；或者，当吸收装置130位于箱体110内时，可在吸收装置130至少部位上开孔或设置透水结构，当然，也可将吸收装置130的周向部位全部开孔或设置为透水结构等。
吸收装置130在吸收容纳腔111内液体时，可设计为将容纳腔111内的液体全部吸收完；也可设计为将容纳腔111内液体吸收至低于预设液位线以下即可。
在电池100上，设置吸收装置130，并保证吸收装置130的至少部分与容纳腔111保持相通。当液体进入容纳腔111内时，可利用吸收装置130吸收容纳 腔111内的液体，这样能有效阻止液体扩散并淹没电池单体120的电路接等部位，避免电池100因进液体而导致绝缘异常、高压短路等电路风险，从而减少安全事故的发生。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3与图4，容纳腔111的腔壁包括承托电池单体120的底壁112。吸收装置130位于容纳腔111内，以吸收底壁112上的液体。
吸收装置130位于容纳腔111内，其分布位置可有多种设计，只需保证吸收装置130能够底壁112上的液体均可。需注意的是，吸收装置130吸收底壁112上的液体，其目的在于减少底壁112上的积液，避免液体淹没至电池单体120的电连接等部位上，因此，吸收装置130可完全吸收底壁112上的液体；也可部分吸收底壁112上的液体。当吸收装置130部分吸收底壁112上的液体时，其可安装在容纳腔111上距离底壁112一定高度的侧壁上；当然，也安装在容纳腔111的顶壁上，但吸收装置130的吸收端需延伸至与底壁112接近或接触等。
吸收装置130在容纳腔111内的安装方式有多种，比如：可直接将吸收装置130放置在底壁112上；也可通过螺栓连接、销接、卡接、粘接、焊接等方式固定在容纳腔111的任一腔壁上等。
将吸收装置130直接设置在容纳腔111内，使得吸收装置130更容易与容纳腔111保持相通，以便将底壁112上的液体及时、有效吸收，避免液体与电池单体120的电连接部位接触而引起安全事故。同时，也避免因吸收装置130位于箱体110外需在箱体110上开孔而破坏箱体110的密封性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4，吸收装置130与电池单体120间隔设于底壁112上。
吸收装置130在底壁112上的安装方式可为直接放置，也可为固定连接。其中固定连接可为但不限于螺栓连接、焊接、粘接、卡接、销接等。
当吸收装置130设置在底壁112上时，吸收装置130的吸收端可设置在吸收装置130朝向底壁112的一侧；也可设置在吸收装置130上的任一侧；当然，也将吸收装置130的周向侧面均设置吸收端等。当吸收装置130朝向底壁112的一侧上设有与容纳腔111相通的吸收端时，吸收装置130的吸收效果则更佳。
吸收装置130与电池单体120间隔设置在底壁112上，这样使得两者之间均具有一定的膨胀空间，避免电池单体120或吸收装置130发生膨胀抵触，而影响各自结构的稳定性。
为提高吸收装置130的吸收效果，吸收装置130可布置在底壁112上最低的位置，这样便于液体向吸收装置130汇聚。当然，也可在底壁112上设置引流槽，利用引流槽将液体集中流向吸收装置130等。
将吸收装置130设置在底壁112上，便于吸收装置130容易与液体接触，从而有利于提升吸收效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图2，电池单体120具有电连接端122。在箱体110的高度方向上，吸收装置130背离底壁112的一侧面间隔且低于电连接端122。
为便于理解箱体110的高度方向，以图2为例，箱体110的高度方向为图2中X所标示的方向。
电连接端122是指电池单体120上可以用于与电极组件电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体120的电能的部件。当然，电连接端122也可供相邻两个电池单体120实现并联或串联或混联，比如：将汇流件123连接在相邻两个电 池单体120的电连接端122上。
在箱体110的高度方向上，吸收装置130背离底壁112的一侧面与电池单体120的电连接端122之间具有一定的间距，且吸收装置130的一侧面低于电连接端122。这样，避免吸收装置130离电连接端122太近而造成绝缘异常或短路。当然，将吸收装置130与电连接端122之间保持一定的间距，也能有效避免吸收装置130吸收液体后体积膨胀而导致吸收装置130与电连接端122距离太近。
将吸收装置130低于电连接端122设计，为吸收装置130预留足够的膨胀空间，避免因两者距离太近而导致电池单体120出现绝缘异常或短路等现象，进一步提升电池100的安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4，吸收装置130的吸收膨胀系数记为K。未发生膨胀时，吸收装置130背离底壁112的一侧面与电连接端122之间的间距记为D；其中，D＞3/K。
吸收装置130未发生膨胀是指：吸收装置130在吸收液体后会发生膨胀变形，因此，吸收装置130未发生膨胀可理解为吸收装置130未吸收液体所处于的状态；当然，也可理解为吸收装置130的初始状态，或者为吸收装置130刚装入箱体110时的状态。
吸收装置130背离底壁112的一侧面与电连接端122之间的间距D，应满足大于3/K，这样吸收装置130即便发生膨胀变形，也会与电连接端122之间保持合理的间距。在一些实施例中，间距D大于或等于12mm，比如：D可为但不限于12mm、13mm、14mm、15mm、20mm等。
合理控制吸收装置130与电连接端122之间的间距，能有效避免膨胀后的吸水装置与电连接端122距离太近而造成绝缘异常或是短路等风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图2，箱体110包括支撑构件113及设于支撑构件113上的边框114。边框114与支撑构件113之间形成容纳腔111。底壁112为支撑构件113朝向容纳腔111的一侧面。
支撑构件113是指能为电池单体120的安装提供支撑力的结构，比如：底板、水冷板等结构。当支撑构件113为水冷板结构时，支撑构件113不仅能提供稳定的支撑力；还能为电池单体120提供良好的散热，保证电池单体120稳定运行。
边框114与支撑构件113之间的连接方式有多种，比如：两者之间的连接方式可为但不限于螺栓连接、卡接、铆接、焊接、粘接、一体成型等。其中，一体成型可为注塑、压铸、铸造、冲压等工艺。
将箱体110设计成支撑构件113和边框114，为电池单体120提供稳定的支撑，保证电池100结构更加稳定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4，全部电池单体120并联和/或串联形成电池组121，电池组121沿箱体110的长度方向的至少一侧具有吸收装置130。
为便于理解箱体110的长度方向，以图2为例，箱体110的长度方向为图2中Y所标示的方向。
吸收装置130可为一个，该吸收装置130可分布在电池组121沿箱体110的长度方向的任一侧；或者，吸收装置130也可为两个，该两个吸收装置130分别分布在电池组121沿箱体110的长度方向的两侧。当然，吸收装置130也可多个，除了分布在电池组121沿箱体110的长度方向的两侧外，还可分布在电池组121的其他周向侧。
在电池组121沿箱体110的长度方向的至少一侧设置吸收装置130，这样 在保证能实现有效吸收的前提下，避免增加电池100沿箱体110的宽度方向的尺寸，使得电池100结构设计更加合理。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4与图5，吸收装置130包括壳体131及收容于壳体131内的吸收结构132。壳体131上至少一部分能供容纳腔111内的液体进入至壳体131内。吸收结构132用于吸收液体。
壳体131上至少一部分能供液体进入壳体131内，其实现方式有多种，比如：将壳体131上至少一部分设置成可渗透材料，比如：无纺布等；或者，将壳体131上至少一部分设置成孔状结构等。
在吸收装置130吸收液体过程中，壳体131可发生形变；也可不发生形变，即壳体131为刚性材料。当壳体131能发生形变时，可以扩大壳体131内部空间，提高吸收结构132的吸收能力。其中，可形变的壳体131材质有多种选择，比如弹力布等。
吸收结构132是指具有吸收液体功能的部件，如：纤维素系、聚乙烯酸盐系、聚乙烯醇系、聚氧乙烯系等。当容纳腔111内的液体进入壳体131内时，吸收结构132依靠自身的吸附功能吸收壳体131内的液体。
将吸收结构132收容在壳体131内，使之约束成型，避免其直接暴露在箱体110内而导致吸收的液体重新流回箱体110内；同时，对吸收结构132也起到防护作用，避免电池单体120与吸收结构132之间发生摩擦损耗。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5，壳体131上至少一部分为透水结构。
本实施例的液体为水，而透水结构是指能供水渗透的结构，比如：当容纳腔111内的水流到壳体131表面时，该水会透过壳体131进入其内部。透水结构的材料可有多种选择，只需能具备透水功能均可。
壳体131上一部分可设计成透水结构；也可将壳体131整体均设计成透水结构。当壳体131上一部分为透水结构时，将该透水结构设置在壳体131朝向底壁112的一侧面上，其吸水效果会更佳。
将壳体131至少一部分设计成透水结构，以便容纳腔111内的水透过壳体131与吸收结构132接触，实现电池100的自吸水功能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图6，壳体131上设有通孔133。通孔133用于允许容纳腔111内的液体进入壳体131内。
通孔133可为一个，也可为多个。当通孔133为多个时，全部通孔133在壳体131上的排列方式有多种，比如：可为矩阵排列，也可为多圆环间隔排列等。同时，通孔133的形状也有多种设计，比如：圆形、椭圆形、三角形、方形、五边形等。
在壳体131上设置通孔133，使得容纳腔111内的液体透过壳体131与吸收结构132接触，同样实现电池100的自吸水功能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5与图6，壳体131包括第一壳131a及配接于第一壳131a的第二壳131b。吸收结构132设于第一壳131a与第二壳131b之间，第一壳131a和/或第二壳131b上能供液体进入壳体131内。
第一壳131a或第二壳131b能供液体进入壳体131内部的方式，可以将第一壳131a或第二壳131b设计成透水材料；也可在第一壳131a或第二壳131b上开孔，以供液体流入等。
第一壳131a与第二壳131b之间连接方式可为但不限于螺栓连接、卡接、焊接、粘接、一体成型等。
将壳体131设计成第一壳131a和第二壳131b两部分，这样在吸收装置130制作中，方便吸收结构132放置在壳体131内，有利于简化吸收装置130的 成型工艺。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5与图6，吸收结构132包括吸收本体132a及形变件132b，形变件132b沿自身厚度方向的至少一侧上设有吸收本体132a。形变件132b被构造为在吸收本体132a的膨胀挤压下，能发生结构形变。
吸收本体132a是指具有吸附功能的结构，如：纤维素系、聚乙烯酸盐系、聚乙烯醇系、聚氧乙烯系等。
形变件132b是指具有形变功能的构件，当吸收本体132a吸收液体发生结构膨胀后，能挤压形变件132b发生结构形变，其中，“结构形变”可为塑性形变，也可为弹性形变。形变件132b的材料有多种选择，比如：三聚氰胺泡棉，蓬松状无纺布等。
在吸收本体132a上设置形变件132b，利用形变件132b的结构形变功能，为吸收本体132a的吸收膨胀提供空间，提升吸收本体132a的吸收性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5与图6，吸收本体132a包括两个。两个吸收本体132a分别设于形变件132b沿自身厚度方向的相对两侧上。
两个吸收本体132a位于形变件132b的相对两侧时，各自的连接关系有多种设计，比如：直接贴合、粘贴等。
将两个吸收本体132a分别设置在形变件132b的相对两侧，使得形变件132b为两侧的吸收本体132a提供膨胀空间，以提升吸收装置130的吸收性能；同时，一侧的吸收本体132a也可通过变形件传递至另一侧的吸收本体132a上，保证液体均匀分布。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种用电装置。用电装置包括以上任一方案中的电池100。电池100用于提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池100的设备或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图2至图6，本申请提供一种电池100。电池100包括支撑构件113、边框114、电池单体120、汇流件123、盖体115、吸收装置130。支撑构件113、边框114、盖体115组成一个密封的容纳腔111。电池单体120通过胶粘或螺栓连接等方式固定在容纳腔111内，汇流件123把多个电池单体120连接形成一个能量体。在电池100包的底部布置有吸收装置130，可通过胶粘或螺栓固定的方式固定在支撑构件113。吸收装置130优选安装在电池100包底部(电池100在整车上装配状态的低处)的支撑构件113，利于电池100包进水后第一时间把水吸收。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池(100)，包括：
    箱体(110)，内部具有容纳腔(111)；
    电池单体(120)，设于所述容纳腔(111)内；以及
    吸收装置(130)，所述吸收装置(130)的至少部分与所述容纳腔(111)保持相通，用于吸收所述容纳腔(111)内的液体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池(100)，其中，所述容纳腔(111)的腔壁包括承托所述电池单体(120)的底壁(112)，所述吸收装置(130)位于所述容纳腔(111)内，以吸收所述底壁(112)上的液体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池(100)，其中，所述吸收装置(130)与所述电池单体(120)间隔设于所述底壁(112)上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池(100)，其中，所述电池单体(120)具有电连接端(122)，在所述箱体(110)的高度方向上，所述吸收装置(130)背离所述底壁(112)的一侧面间隔且低于所述电连接端(122)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池(100)，其中，所述吸收装置(130)的吸收膨胀系数记为K，未发生膨胀时，所述吸收装置(130)背离所述底壁(112)的一侧面与所述电连接端(122)之间的间距记为D；
    其中，D＞3/K。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的电池(100)，其中，所述箱体(110)包括支撑构件(113)及设于所述支撑构件(113)上的边框(114)，所述边框(114)与所述支撑构件(113)之间形成所述容纳腔(111)，所述底壁(112)为所述支撑构件(113)朝向所述容纳腔(111)的一侧面。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的电池(100)，其中，全部所述电池单体(120) 并联和/或串联形成电池组(121)，所述电池组(121)沿所述箱体(110)的长度方向的至少一侧具有所述吸收装置(130)。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池(100)，其中，所述吸收装置(130)包括壳体(131)及收容于所述壳体(131)内的吸收结构(132)，所述壳体(131)上至少一部分能供所述容纳腔(111)内的液体进入至所述壳体(131)内，所述吸收结构(132)用于吸收所述液体。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池(100)，其中，所述壳体(131)上至少一部分为透水结构。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电池(100)，其中，所述壳体(131)上设有通孔(133)，所述通孔(133)用于允许所述容纳腔(111)内的液体进入所述壳体(131)内。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的电池(100)，其中，所述壳体(131)包括第一壳(131a)及配接于所述第一壳(131a)的第二壳(131b)，所述吸收结构(132)设于所述第一壳(131a)与所述第二壳(131b)之间，所述第一壳(131a)和/或所述第二壳(131b)上能供所述液体进入所述壳体(131)内。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的电池(100)，其中，所述吸收结构(132)包括吸收本体(132a)及形变件(132b)，所述形变件(132b)沿自身厚度方向的至少一侧上设有所述吸收本体(132a)，所述形变件(132b)被构造为在所述吸收本体(132a)的膨胀挤压下，能发生结构形变。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池(100)，其中，所述吸收本体(132a)包括两个，两个所述吸收本体(132a)分别设于所述形变件(132b)沿自身厚度方向的相对两侧上。
  14. 一种用电装置，包括权利要求1-13任一项所述的电池(100)，所述电池(100)用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/102405 2022-06-29 2022-06-29 电池及用电装置 WO2024000280A1 (zh)

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JP2011165504A (ja) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-25 Toshiba Corp 乾燥用冶具、乾燥装置、および乾燥方法
CN206451746U (zh) * 2017-01-23 2017-08-29 天津力伟科技有限公司 一种新型的太阳能路灯储能锂离子电池组
CN214797581U (zh) * 2021-05-14 2021-11-19 辽宁科技大学 一种耐腐蚀效果好的钠离子电池
CN217134473U (zh) * 2022-06-16 2022-08-05 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池的箱体、电池以及用电装置

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JP2011165504A (ja) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-25 Toshiba Corp 乾燥用冶具、乾燥装置、および乾燥方法
CN206451746U (zh) * 2017-01-23 2017-08-29 天津力伟科技有限公司 一种新型的太阳能路灯储能锂离子电池组
CN214797581U (zh) * 2021-05-14 2021-11-19 辽宁科技大学 一种耐腐蚀效果好的钠离子电池
CN217134473U (zh) * 2022-06-16 2022-08-05 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池的箱体、电池以及用电装置

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